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    Annotated Bibliography

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    api-692158447
    The document is an annotated bibliography containing summaries of 7 sources that discuss gang violence and government responses in El Salvador. The sources cover topics like the origins and activities of the MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs, the impact of a gang truce, crackdowns that have led to mass incarceration of alleged gang members, and their effects on crime rates and human rights. One video describes thousands of imprisoned gang members who will likely spend life in prison without access to lawyers following recent anti-gang policies.

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    Annotated Bibliography

    Uploaded by

    api-692158447
    23 views4 pages
    The document is an annotated bibliography containing summaries of 7 sources that discuss gang violence and government responses in El Salvador. The sources cover topics like the origins and activities of the MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs, the impact of a gang truce, crackdowns that have led to mass incarceration of alleged gang members, and their effects on crime rates and human rights. One video describes thousands of imprisoned gang members who will likely spend life in prison without access to lawyers following recent anti-gang policies.

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    The document is an annotated bibliography containing summaries of 7 sources that discuss gang violence and government responses in El Salvador. The sources cover topics like the origins and activities of the MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs, the impact of a gang truce, crackdowns that have led to mass incarceration of alleged gang members, and their effects on crime rates and human rights. One video describes thousands of imprisoned gang members who will likely spend life in prison without access to lawyers following recent anti-gang policies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    23 views4 pages

    Annotated Bibliography

    Uploaded by

    api-692158447
    The document is an annotated bibliography containing summaries of 7 sources that discuss gang violence and government responses in El Salvador. The sources cover topics like the origins and activities of the MS-13 and Barrio 18 gangs, the impact of a gang truce, crackdowns that have led to mass incarceration of alleged gang members, and their effects on crime rates and human rights. One video describes thousands of imprisoned gang members who will likely spend life in prison without access to lawyers following recent anti-gang policies.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 4

    Linares 1

    Edwin Linares

    Shahrazad Encinias

    CAS 115

    November 20,2023

    Annotated Bibliography

    Gold, Danny, director. Gangs of El Salvador. YouTube, YouTube, 30 Nov. 2015,

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HGG7lRJJkJk. Accessed 22 Nov. 2023.

    The video starts off by saying how gangs are targeting police officers and murdering them. They
    are searching homes and arresting any gang-affiliated people. Two of the biggest gangs of El
    Salvador are being covered in the video Mara Salvatrucha MS13 and 18th Street who have been
    fighting for territory for decades. There were 700 murders in June and 900 in August in 2015. In
    2015 1 in 12 people were tied to gangs and are described as terrorists. The video also covered the
    truce, saying that it reduced the number of deaths from 15 to 5. Gangs killed, kidnapped,and
    conquered territory.

    InSight Crime. “MS13.” InSight Crime, 13 Oct. 2023,

    insightcrime.org/el-salvador-organized-crime-news/mara-salvatrucha-ms-13-profile/

    #:~:text=The%20MS13%20was%20found%20in,and%20 Nicaragua%2C%20

    refugees%20 flooded%20 northward.

    The MS13 known as the Mara Salvatrucha is one of the most notorious street gangs in the
    Western Hemisphere. In the 1980s the MS13 formed in poor neighborhoods around Los Angeles.
    The MS13 had expanded so much from Central America and to Europe. The activities as stated
    Linares 2

    in the article around the Northern Triangle of El Salvador, Guatemala, and Honduras had become
    the most violent place in the world even though these countries were not at war.

    Lemus, Eric. “El Salvador’s Gang Truce Is Getting Fragile.” VICE, Vice News, 9 May

    2014,

    www.vice.com/en/article/gynm8w/el-salvadors-gang-truce-is-getting-fragile?utm_so

    urce=vicenewsyoutube&utm_medium=video&utm_campaign=relatedarticle.

    This article is about the truce between the main gangs of El Salvador that was broken two years
    ago and were as well as supported by the organization of the American States. The MS13 and
    Barrio 18 gangs originated in Los Angeles in 1980 after the civil war in El Salvador, making
    other smaller gangs in the process as well. They have been in the eye of the FBI as some of the
    most dangerous transnational criminal organizations in the world. In downtown San Salvador,
    the gangs have been reported to have initiated a curfew which later leaders denied. Many
    merchants and store owners in Salvador had no choice but to follow directions to these gangs.
    Many stores decided to close up at around 6 o’clock because of a recent murder of local civilians
    in their areas.

    Markham, Lauren. “The 18th Street Gang Just Set out to Prove It Runs El Salvador’s

    Transport System.” VICE, Vice News, 5 Aug. 2015,

    www.vice.com/en/article/3kwq5n/the-18th-street-gang-just-set-out-to-prove-it-runs-

    el-salvadors-transport-system?utm_source=vicenewsyoutube&utm_medium=video

    &utm_campaign=relatedarticle.
    Linares 3

    In the article it talked about gang attacks that were made by the 18th Street gang of El Salvador.
    One of the crimes committed by this gang was that they killed 9 drivers on commuter bus routes,
    costing the economy of the country a 60 million dollar loss. Because of this Salvador did not
    have any kind of transportation around the country. People had to walk everywhere. Kids that
    lived far from school stopped going to school, not letting them get the education they needed.
    The buses have begun to return today now that the president has improved the violence and put
    many criminals behind bars making it safer for bus drivers to do their job.

    Quintanilla, Jaime, and Tom Phillips. “El Salvador Crackdown Breaks the Gangs – at

    Huge Cost to Human Rights.” The Guardian, Guardian News and Media, 20 Feb.

    2023,

    www.theguardian.com/world/2023/feb/20/bukele-el-salvador-gangs-crackdown.

    “The cure can be as harmful as the disease” The article spoke about how two gangs Barrio 18
    and MS13 have been fighting a deadly battle for territory. A 40-year-old homemaker said “It was
    really dangerous. They’d have shootouts just outside,” Talking about the dangerous events that
    are happening in the neighborhoods where families live. After the effects of Nayib Buckle’s
    crackdown on gangs, people describe it as if they had just vanished the street gangs that were
    terrorizing the community for many years. The article was mostly about the pros and cons of the
    gang crackdown because there was always the negative when it comes to doing something
    positive.

    Lineberger, Kelly Padgett. “The United States-El Salvador Extradition Treaty: A Dated

    Obstacle in the Transnational War against Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13).” Vanderbilt

    Journal of Transnational Law, vol. 44, no. 1, 2011, pp. 187–216.


    Linares 4

    Katz, Charles M., et al. “Gang Truce for Violence Prevention, El Salvador.” Bulletin of the

    World Health Organization, vol. 94, no. 9, 2016, pp. 660-666A,

    https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.15.166314.

    The article “Gang Truce for Violence Prevention” was an article about the truce the government

    of El Salvador had made in

    Chan, Juan Carlos, director. How El Salvador Is Fighting Gang Violence.

    https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S2IwJDm2-kk&t=124s. Accessed 22 Nov. 2023.

    The video starts off by showing thousands of alleged gang members stripped of their clothes to
    expose their gang affiliated tattoos. A mega prison was built to house 40,000 gang members and
    will never be able to get back out into the communities of El Salvador. In March of last year
    Nayib Bukele had arrested more than 66,000 people since then. All gang members will spend the
    rest of their lives behind bars. The video states that communities have become safer but with a
    price of innocent members and some minors who were also sent to prison with no access to
    lawyers similar to what was said in “Gangs of El Salvador ''. The murder rate according to the
    video went down from 2015 to 2022 from 106.3 murders in 2015 to 7.8 thousand murders in
    2022.

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