CCE-121

Exercise: Fill in the blanks

Chapter-1 Introduction to Computers, the internet and Java
a) Computers process data under the control of sets of
instructions called program.
b) The key logical units of the computer are the input unit,
output unit, memory unit, central processing unit,
arithmetic and logic unit and secondary storage unit.
c) The three types of languages discussed in the chapter are
machine languages, assembly languages and high-level
languages.
d) The programs that translate high-level language programs
into machine language are called compilers.
e) Android is an operating system for mobile devices based
on the Linux kernel and Java.
f) Release candidate software is generally feature complete,
(supposedly) bug free and ready for use by the
community.
g) The Wii Remote, as well as many smartphones, use an
accelerometer which allows the device to respond to
motion.
h) The java command from the JDK executes a Java
application.
i) The javac command from the JDK compiles a Java
program.
j) A Java source code file must end with the java file
extension.
k) When a Java program is compiled, the file produced by the
compiler ends with the class file extension.
l) The file produced by the Java compiler contains bytecodes
that are executed by the Java Virtual Machine.
m) Objects enable the design practice of information
hiding although they may know how to communicate with
one another across well-defined interfaces, they normally
are not allowed to know how other objects are
implemented.
n) Java programmers concentrate on creating classes, which
contain fields and the set of methods that manipulate
those fields and provide services to clients.
o) The process of analyzing and designing a system from an
object-oriented point of view is called object-oriented
analysis and design (OOAD).
p) A new class of objects can be created conveniently by
inheritance —the new class (called the subclass) starts
with the characteristics of an existing class (called the
superclass), possibly customizing them and adding unique
characteristics of its own.
q) The Unified Modeling Language is a graphical language
that allows people who design software systems to use an
industry-standard notation to represent them.
r) f) The size, shape, color and weight of an object are
considered attributes of the object’s class.
Chapter-2 Introduction to Java Applications; Input/Output and
Operators
a) A left brace ({) begins the body of every method, and a
right brace (}) ends the body of every method.
b) You can use the if statement to make decisions.
c) // begins an end-of-line comment.
d) Space characters, newlines and tabs are called white
space.
e) Keywords are reserved for use by Java.
f) Java applications begin execution at method main.
g) Methods System.out.print, System.out.println and
System.out.printf display information in a command
window.

Chapter-3 Introduction to Classes, Objects, Methods and

Strings
a) Each class declaration that begins with keyword public
must be stored in a file that has exactly the same name as
the class and ends with the .java filename extension.
b) Keyword class in a class declaration is followed
immediately by the class’s name.
c) Keyword new requests memory from the system to store
an object, then calls the corresponding class’s constructor
to initialize the object.
d) Each parameter must specify both a type and a name.
e) By default, classes that are compiled in the same directory
are considered to be in the same package, known as the
default package.
f) Java provides two primitive types for storing floating-point
numbers in memory: float and double.
g) Variables of type double represent double-precision
floating-point numbers.
h) Scanner method nextDouble returns a double value.
i) Keyword public is an access modifier.
j) Return type void indicates that a method will not return a
value.
k) Scanner method nextLine reads characters until it
encounters a newline character, then returns those
characters as a String.
l) Class String is in package java.lang.
m) An import declaration is not required if you always
refer to a class with its fully qualified class name.
n) A floating-point number is a number with a decimal point,
such as 7.33, 0.0975 or 1000.12345.
o) Variables of type float represent single -precision floating-
point numbers.
p) The format specifier %f is used to output values of type
float or double.
q) Types in Java are divided into two categories— primitive
types and reference types.
Chapter-4 Control Statements: Part 1; Assignment, ++ and --
Operators
a) All programs can be written in terms of three types of
control structures: sequence, selection and repetition.
b) The if—else statement is used to execute one action when
a condition is true and another when that condition is
false.
c) Repeating a set of instructions a specific number of times
is called counter- controlled (or definite) repetition.
d) When it’s not known in advance how many times a set of
statements will be repeated, a sentinel, signal, flag or
dummy value can be used to terminate the repetition.
e) The sequence structure is built into Java; by default,
statements execute in the order they appear.
f) Instance variables of types char, byte, short, int, long, float
and double are all given the value 0 (zero) by default.
g) Java is a strongly typed language; it requires all variables
to have a type.
h) If the increment operator is prefixed to a variable, first the
variable is incremented by 1, then its new value is used in
the expression.
Chapter:5 Control Statements: Part 2; Logical Operators
a) Typically, for statements are used for counter-controlled
repetition and while statements for sentinel-controlled
repetition.
b) The do…while statement tests the loop-continuation
condition after executing the loop’s body; therefore, the
body always executes at least once.
c) The switch statement selects among multiple actions
based on the possible values of an integer variable or
expression, or a String.
d) The continue statement, when executed in a repetition
statement, skips the remaining statements in the loop
body and proceeds with the next iteration of the loop.
e) The && (conditional AND) operator can be used to ensure
that two conditions are both true before choosing a
certain path of execution.
f) If the loop-continuation condition in a for header is initially
false, the program does not execute the for statement’s
body.
g) Methods that perform common tasks and do not require
objects are called static methods.
Chapter-6 Methods: A Deeper Look
a) A method is invoked with a method call.
b) A variable known only within the method in which it’s
declared is called a local variable.
c) The return statement in a called method can be used to
pass the value of an expression back to the calling method.
d) The keyword void indicates that a method does not return
a value.
e) Data can be added or removed only from the top of a
stack.
f) Stacks are known as last-in, first-out (LIFO) data structures;
the last item pushed (inserted) onto the stack is the first
item popped (removed) from the stack.
g) The three ways to return control from a called method to a
caller are return; or return expression; and or
encountering the closing right brace of a method.
h) An object of class SecureRandom produces truly random
numbers.
i) The method-call stack contains the memory for local
variables on each invocation of a method during a
program’s execution. This data, stored as a portion of the
method-call stack, is known as the stack frame or
activation record of the method call.
j) If there are more method calls than can be stored on the
method-call stack, an error known as a stack overflow
occurs.
 k) The scope of a declaration is the portion of a program that
can refer to the entity in the declaration by name.
l) It’s possible to have several methods with the same name
that each operate on different types or numbers of
arguments. This feature is called method overloading.

Chapter-7 Arrays and ArrayLists

a) Lists and tables of values can be stored in arrays and
collections.
b) An array is a group of variables (called elements or
components) containing values that all have the same
type.
c) The enhanced for statement allows you to iterate through
an array’s elements without using a counter.
d) The number used to refer to a particular array element is
called the element’s index (or subscript or position
number).
e) An array that uses two indices is referred to as a two-
dimensional array.
f) Use the enhanced for statement for (doubled : numbers)
to walk through double array numbers.
g) Command-line arguments are stored in an array of strings,
called args by convention.
h) Use the expression args.length to receive the total number
of arguments in a command line. Assume that command-
line arguments are stored in String[] args.
i) Given the command java MyClass test, the first command-
line argument is test.
j) An ellipsis(…) in the parameter list of a method indicates
that the method can receive a variable number of
arguments.

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