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Asteraceae

This document describes the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It includes herbaceous annual and perennial plants cultivated for ornamental flowers and oil. Members have taproots, branched stems, simple leaves, and composite flower heads (capitula) with ray and disc florets. Economically important species include sunflower, safflower, and marigolds which provide edible oils, dyes, and ornamental value.

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31 views4 pages

Asteraceae

This document describes the Asteraceae (daisy) family. It includes herbaceous annual and perennial plants cultivated for ornamental flowers and oil. Members have taproots, branched stems, simple leaves, and composite flower heads (capitula) with ray and disc florets. Economically important species include sunflower, safflower, and marigolds which provide edible oils, dyes, and ornamental value.

Uploaded by

shivrajcma007
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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▪ This family is also known as Daisy family.

▪ It includes the plants that are normally cultivated for ornamental flowers as
well as for oil value.
▪ They are annual garden herbs.

Roots: They have tap root system and the roots are branched.

Stem:

▪ The stem is erect, branched and cylindrical.


▪ It may be herbaceous or woody.
▪ It is pubescent (covered with soft short hair) and green in color.

Leaves:

▪ Simple leaves; entire and spathulate


▪ They are cauline or ramal, alternate or exstipulate.
▪ The leaves are sessile or petiolate, acute or serrate and with unicostate
reticulate venation.

Inflorescence:

▪ Racemose head or capitulum with three series of involucre of leafy bracts like
in sunflower
▪ Capitulum may be covered by green involucre consisting of single series of
bracts.

Flower:

▪ 2 kinds of florets (central tubular disc florets surrounded by peripheral ray


florets) in the large capitulum
▪ Bracteate, regular, epigynous, sessile
▪ May be bisexual or unisexual, actinomorphic or zygomorphic

Ray floret:

▪ Bracteate or ebracteate, sessile


▪ incomplete, unisexual, pistillate or neuter, ligulate
▪ zygomorphic and epigynous, yellow to orange in color.

Calyx:

▪ Sepals are normally absent.


▪ If present, they are represented by 2 or 3 small scales or hairy pappus,
superior

Corolla:
▪ 3 to 5 teeth are present that represent the number of petals
▪ Gamopetalous, ligulate with large flat strap-shaped limb and a basal hairy tube
▪ Valvate, superior and yellow to orange in color

Androecium: Stamens are generally absent.

Gynoecium:

▪ Bicarpellary syncarpous with inferior ovary


▪ Ovary is unilocular with only one ovule with basal placentation.
▪ Style is simple and slender whereas stigma is bifid and curved.

Disc floret:

▪ Bracteate or ebracteate, sessile, actinomorphic


▪ My be complete or incomplete, bisexual
▪ Tubular, epigynous, actinomorphic
▪ Small and yellow to orange in color

Calyx:

▪ Absent or reduced and modified into 2 or 3 membranous white scales,


superior

Corolla:

▪ 5 teeth representing the number of petals


▪ gamopetalous, tubular, valvate, superior
▪ yellow to orange in color

Andorecium:

▪ 5 stamens are present, epipetalous, alternating with the petals, superior


▪ filament is short and free
▪ anther is large, dithecous with prolonged connective
▪ syngenesious and introsse

Gynoecium:

▪ bicarpellary syncarpous
▪ ovary is inferior and unilocular with large ovule
▪ basal placentation, style is simple whereas stigma is bifid

Fruit: Cypsela

Floral diagram with floral formula (Helianthus annuus or sunflower):


Some important plants of the family:

▪ Helianthus annuus (Sunflower)


▪ Calendula officinalis (Englilsh marigold)
▪ Tanacetum coccineum (The painted daisy)
▪ Arctotis fastuosa (Monarch of the veld)
▪ Townsendia jonesii (Townsend daisy)
▪ Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke)
▪ Carthamus tinctorius (safflower)
▪ Chrysanthemum coccineum (pyrethrum)

Econonmic importance:

▪ Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds yield edible oil.


▪ Helianthus tuberosus (Jerusalem artichoke) root tubers are edible.
▪ Carthamus tinctorius (safflower) petals yield an orange dye and the oil is used
for the manufacture of soap, dye, varnish and is also edible.
▪ Artemisia vulgaris (mugwort) and Artemisia maritima (sea wormwood) flowers
yield santonine, a drug used for curing intestinal worms, asthma and brain
disorders.
▪ Chrysanthemum coccineum (pyrethrum) roots yield pyrethrum, an insecticide.
▪ Enhydra fluctuans (water cress) leaves are used as vegetable and also to cure
insomnia (sleeplessness).
▪ Eclipta alba (false daisy) leaves are used as hair tonic.
▪ Tagetes erecta (Mexican marigold) flowers are used for eye diseases,
purification of blood and in ulcers.
▪ Calendula spp.(marigold), Tagetes patula (the French
marigold), Chrysanthemum spp. etc. have ornamental value (used as decorative
plants).

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