By creating a bedtime routine that includes

reading you can signal to your body that it is

Reading and Writing
time to sleep.
#FFC0B8 ➔ Reading increases general knowledge
Reading Books are always filled with fun and interesting
➔ the process of looking at a series of written facts. Books have the ability to provide us with
symbols and getting meaning from them. information we would’ve otherwise not known
➔ when reading we use our eyes to receive ➔ Motivational
written symbols (letters, punctuation marks, & By reading books about protagonists who have
spaces) and our brains to convert them into overcome challenges. We are oftentimes
words, sentences and paragraphs that encouraged to do the same. The right book can
communicate something to us. motivate you to never give up and stay positive.
➔ Sets a positive example
Why is Reading Essential? Reading is a key component of early literacy
➔ Serves as a building block for learning, development and you can set an example of
regardless of the school subject, be it language, just how crucial this is by modeling the behavior
arts, or even math yourself.
➔ It is an important life skill ➔ Reading teaches empathy
➔ Strengthens brain & improves memory Books allow us to experience realities outside of
our lives. They teach us to relate to others by
The Benefits of Reading often putting us in the shoes of the narrator.
➔ Boost communication skills
Both reading and writing work to improve one’s
Reading and Writing
communication skills.
Lesson 1: The Nature of Reading and Thinking
➔ Helps Self-Exploration
Books can be both an escape and an Reading as a skill
adventure. ➔ The ability to scan, comprehend, and evaluate
➔ Makes one Intellectually Sound information from various written works.
When you read a lot, you undoubtedly learn a Purposes:
lot. ● Acquire a market of ideas
➔ Enhances creativity ● Expand and enrich one’s vocabulary
The words could spark new ideas or images in ● Broaden one’s imagination
your mind. You may also start to find ● Decode symbols and derive meaning
connections between seemingly disparate ideas from the text
which can make for even more creative outputs ● Accurately discern facts, opinions, and
and expressions. inferences without getting confuse
➔ Lowers stress Writing as a skill
It has been proven that reading increases ➔ The ability to record and communicate ideas
relaxation. and information by forming letters and
➔ Exercises the brain characters on paper, print, or other material.
We have to remember different characters and Purposes:
settings that belong to a given story. ● Express, translate, and share thoughts,
➔ Improves concentration and the ability to opinions, and feelings in textual form
focus. ● Craft and preserve literary works
Reading cannot happen without focus in order ● Compose various paperwork for
to fully understand the story, we have to academic and professional purposes
concentrate on each page that we read. ● Utilize and refine language to its fullest
➔ Improves literacy extent
Books have the power to improve your
vocabulary by introducing you to new words
➔ Improves sleep
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Lesson 2: Fundamentals of Reading Skills
➔ Cornerstones of literacy
➔ intertwined/complementary skills Reading Process
Purposes: 1. Pre-reading
● Determining a person’s survival in - Includes previewing, freewriting,
society by understanding and solving surveying, questioning, making
problems. assumptions about the author,
● Bolster one’s performance in school, identifying the purpose
workplace, or the community 2. While-reading
● Further allow one to express - Includes getting the meaning of words
himself/herself through context clues, predicting,
● Serve as an extension of one’s inference, monitoring comprehension,
personality annotating the text
● Make a difference in one’s life 3. Post-reading
- Includes reflecting, summarizing,
paraphrasing, drawing conclusions,
9 out of 10 of our kids (ages 10) cannot understand
making graphic organizers, journal
what they need
writing.

Basic Reading Skills

1. Rapid Reading
a. Skimming - type of quick reading which
aims to get the general or main idea and
to get an overview of the material.
b. Scanning - a quick reading strategy
which aims to get specific information
Non-critical thinking from a given text
➔ Happens when you simply accept the things 2. Previewing
you are told without examining them. ➔ Involves clarifying the purpose, reading
Critical thinking the title and headings, and checking the
➔ Involves a series of complex thought processes illustration and other visuals. Another
which allows you to make reasoned judgments, example is browsing or inspecting
assess the way you think, and solve problems unhurriedly, the table of contents,
effectively. introduction, or summary.
3. Literal Reading
➔ Reading the lines
➔ Involves recalling and understanding of
ideas and facts that are directly stated in
the text
➔ Requires reading of the work, but
requires little thought or understanding
➔ Includes note-taking:
a. Summarizing - condensing a
lengthy text into a shorter
passage without losing the main
idea
Benjamin Bloom’s Taxonomy b. Paraphrasing - restating ideas
from the original text. Length of
paraphrased and original text is
almost similar
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 4. Inferential/Interpretive reading 4. Remedial Reading
➔ Reading between the lines ➔ Aims to correct the effects of poor
➔ Involves interpreting information implied teaching and poor learning
in the text: reader seeks to follow
patterns and see relationships among
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parts of the text
Lesson 3: Selecting and Organizing Information
➔ Requires reading of the work and
consideration of what has been read Brainstorming
➔ Includes making generalizations, ➔ a tool in generating creative and rich ideas
inferences, and conclusions ➔ helps people establish patterns of ideas,
5. Critical/Evaluative reading develop new ways of thinking, activate
➔ Reading beyond the lines background knowledge, overcome mental
➔ Involves evaluating information based blocks, and solve a problem
on personal knowledge and experience. ➔ One can brainstorm effectively by creating an
➔ Refer to the close and thorough idea list or by making an idea map.
evaluation of the claims in the text in
terms of relevance, validity, and logic. Graphic Organizer
➔ Requires the reader to think more ➔ are visual representations of concepts that help
abstractly and relate the text to real life us structure information into organizational
➔ Includes distinguishing facts from patterns.
opinions and detecting logical fallacies. ➔ present information and connect these pieces of
Types of Reading information into a coherent framework.
1. Development Reading ➔ Helpful tools in brainstorming, facilitating
➔ A systematic instruction reading and writing, promoting active learning,
➔ Aims to develop the students’ reading and accessing previous knnowdledge and
skills experiences.
◆ Learning to recognize the ➔ Some times of graphic organizers are
alphabet - Venn Diagram
◆ Sounding out words from print - Network tree
◆ Decoding meaning of words - Spider map
◆ Developing fluency and - Problem-solution map
comprehension - Timeline
◆ Reading critically - Plot Diagram
2. Pleasure Reading - Series of event chain
➔ More passive type of reading - Fishbone map
➔ Primarily aims to provide enjoyment and - Cycle
entertainment - Persuasion map
◆ Reading one’s favorite: poem
◆ Short story 1. Venn Diagram
◆ Novel ➔ used to compare and contrast ideas
◆ manga and events.
3. Functional Reading ➔ uses two or more overlapping circles to
➔ Designed to help students learn basic show the different attributes.
functional reading ability
➔ What you “read” to be able to “function” 2. Network Tree
in everyday life ➔ used to represent hierarchy,
◆ Reading manuals classification, and branching
◆ Signs ➔ Useful in showing relationship of
◆ Recipes scientific categories, family trees, and
◆ Posters even lineages
◆ letters
3. Spider Map/Semantic Map Outline
➔ used to investigate and enumerate ● a skeleton arrangement of the major and
various aspects of a central idea, minor ideas supporting the subject of a
which could be a concept, topic, or composition
theme ● should follow certain conventions of numbering,
indentation, and punctuation to map out the
4. Problem-Solution Map shape of the paper’s body
- display the nature of the problem and ● used not only as a pre-writing strategy but also
how it can be solved a post-reading activity
- usually contains the problem’s ● Two common types
description, its causes and effects, and - Topic Outline
logical solutions - Sentence Outline

5. Timeline ● Two common outlining formats

- used to show how events occurred - Alphanumeric outline
chronologically through a long bar - Decimal outline
labelled with dates and specific events.
- can be linear or comparative Topic Outline
- most commonly used outline
6. Plot Diagrams - although this type possess the formal
- used to map events in a story numeric and alphabetical structure, each
- used to analyze the major parts of a plot line contains only a few brief words to
guide the writer during the drafting
7. Series of Event Chain process
- used to show the logical sequence of
events Sentence Outline
- done in full sentences.
8. Fishbone Map - normally used when your paper focuses
- used to better understand the causal on complex details.
relationship of a complex phenomenon - the thesis statement and topic sentence
- shows the factors that cause a specific of each supporting paragraph are fully
event or problem, as well as details of written out
each cause - forces part of the essay to be written out
in sentences before the first draft.
9. Cycle
- describes how a series of events interact
to produce a set of results repeatedly
4 Principle of Outline

10. Persuasion Map Principle of Coordinate

- Used to map out arguments and
evidence that prove a viewpoint Principle of Subordinate
- is especially useful when processing Principle of Division
persuasive and argumentative texts.
Principle of Parallel
Construction
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PATTERNS OF DEVELOPMENT

Pattern of Development
➔ a to