No.

of Printed Pages : 12 BMTE-144

BACHELOR’S DEGREE PROGRAMME

(BSCG/BAG)
Term-End Examination
June, 2022

BMTE-144 : NUMERICAL ANALYSIS

Time : 3 hours Maximum Marks : 100

Note : Question number 1 is compulsory. Do any

8 questions from questions number 2 to 10. Use of
non-programmable scientific calculators is allowed.

1. State whether the following statements are

true or false. Give a short proof or a
counter-example in support of your answer. 102=20

(a) The equation x3 – 4x – 16 = 0 has no root

in the interval [3, 5].

(b) E = E, where E is the shift operator and

 is the forward difference operator.

(c) Every 3  3 system of linear equations can be

solved using the LU decomposition method.

(d) For the data (2, 4), (1, 5), (3, 6) the Newton’s
3
divided difference f[x0, x1, x2] is .
2

BMTE-144 1 P.T.O.
 (e) The Newton-Raphson method cannot be
used to find a cube root of a positive real
number.
1 2
(f) The eigenvalues of the matrix   are
0 3
1 and 2.

(g) The sum of all the Lagrange’s fundamental

polynomials is a constant.
dy
(h) If the IVP = 2xy, y(0) = 1 is solved by
dx
the optimal R-K method of second order with
1
h = 0·1, then K1 and K2 are 0 and ,
75
respectively.
1 d3y dy
(i) The equation x y 0 is a
y dx 3 dx
linear differential equation.

(j) For any data {(xi, fi)|i = 0, 1, 2, 3},

3f0 = f3 – 3f2 + 3f1 – f0.

2. (a) Show that the system of linear equations

x1 + 2x3 = 3
3x2 = 2
4x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 = 11

is consistent. Hence, find its solution using

the LU decomposition method. 4

(b) Using Horner’s method find P(– 1) and P(– 1),

where P(x) = 2x4 + 3x3 – 4x2 + 6x – 10. 3

BMTE-144 2
 (c) Perform three iterations of Newton-Raphson
method to approximate a root of the
equation f(x) = x4 – x + 3 = 0. You may take
x0 = 0 as the initial guess. 3

3. (a) Estimate the value of f(2) from the

following data using Lagrange’s
interpolation : 4

x –1 0 1 3
f(x) 0 –4 0 56

(b) Show by the principle of mathematical

induction that nex = (eh – 1)n ex, where
 is the forward difference operator. 3

(c) The equation x2 + ax + b = 0 has two real

roots  and  such that ||<||. If we use
–b
the fixed point iteration x n 1  to
xn  a
find a root, then to which root does it
converge ? 3

4. (a) For the data

xi –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
fi 13 7 3 1 1 3 7

show that 3fi = 0  i = 0, 1, 2, 3. 4

BMTE-144 3 P.T.O.
 (b) Using the Taylor series method of second
order, find the approximate value of y(1·4)
for the IVP y = x2 + y2, y(1) = 1. Take the
step size h = 0·2. 6

5. (a) Obtain the approximate value of

2


x
dx using Simpson’s rule with
1  x2
0
3 and 5 nodal points. Obtain the improved
value using the Romberg integration. 6

(b) The equation x3 – x – 1 = 0 has a root in the

interval ]1, 2[. Determine a suitable
iteration function g(x) so that the iteration
method xn+1 = g(xn), n = 0, 1, 2, ... converges
to the root. Perform two iterations of this
method with x0 = 1·6. 4

6. (a) Perform three iterations of the inverse

power method to obtain an eigenvalue of
the following matrix A, which is nearest to
3 in magnitude :
 2 –1 0 
 
A  – 1 2 –1
 
 0 –1 2 
Assume the initial approximation to the
eigenvector as (1, – 1, 1)T. 7

BMTE-144 4
 2
(b) Prove that 2 = 1  . 3
4

7. (a) Using an appropriate interpolation formula,

find the value of f(1·32) from the following
table of values : 7

x f(x)

1·1 1·3357

1·2 1·5095

1·3 1·6984
1·4 1·9043

1·5 2·1293

(b) Determine the spacing h in a table of equally

spaced points between 2 and 5 that yields a
five-place accuracy in the interpolation of
1
the function f(x) = x  by a second
x
degree polynomial. 3

8. (a) Show that the interpolating polynomial of

degree at most n with nodes x0, x1, ..., xn
can be written as
n
Pn(x) = w(x)

k0
f (x k )
(x – x k ) w(x k )
,

where w(x) = (x – x0) (x – x1) ... (x – xn). 5

BMTE-144 5 P.T.O.
 (b) Find the inverse of the matrix
3 1 2 
 
A  2 – 3 – 1 
 
1 – 2 1 
using the Gauss-Jordan method. 5

9. (a) Solve the system of linear equations

4x1 + x2 + x3 = 1
x1 + 4x2 – 2x3 = 4
– x1 + 2x2 – 2x3 = 2
using the Gauss elimination method. 4

(b) Use the Bisection method to find a root of

the equation x3 – 4x + 1 = 0. Starting with
the interval [0, 1], stop the iterations if the
interval width becomes smaller than 0·05. 6

10. (a) Find an approximate value of 3 26 using

the Mean Value Theorem. 6

(b) Without computing the eigenvalues of the

matrix
6 2 2
 
A  2 4 1
 
2 1 3

prove that the eigenvalues satisfy the

inequality 0    10. 4

BMTE-144 6
 ~r.E_.Q>r.B©.-144
ñZmVH$ Cnm{Y H$m`©H«$_
(~r.Eg.gr.Or./~r.E.Or.)
gÌm§V narjm
OyZ, 2022

~r.E_.Q>r.B©.-144 : g§»`mË_H$ {díbofU

g_` : 3 KÊQ>o A{YH$V_ A§H$ : 100
ZmoQ> : àíZ g§»`m 1 H$aZm A{Zdm`© h¡ & àíZ g§»`m 2 go 10 _| go
{H$Ýht 8 àíZm| $Ho$ CÎma Xr{OE & AàmoJ«m_r` d¡km{ZH$
H¡$ëHw$boQ>am| Ho$ à`moJ H$aZo H$s AZw_{V h¡ &
1. ~VmBE {H$ {ZåZ{b{IV H$WZ gË` h¢ `m AgË` & AnZo
CÎma H$s nwpîQ> Ho$ {bE EH$ bKw Cnn{Îm `m àË`wXmhaU
Xr{OE & 102=20

(H$) g_rH$aU x3 – 4x – 16 =0 H$m A§Vamb [3, 5] _|

H$moB© _yb Zht h¡ &
(I) E = E, Ohm± E ñWmZm§Var g§H$maH$ Am¡a  AJ«m§Va
g§H$maH$ h¢ &
(J) àË`oH$ 3  3 a¡{IH$ g_rH$aU {ZH$m` LU {d`moOZ
{d{Y go hb {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ &
(K) Am§H$‹S>m| (2, 4), (1, 5), (3, 6) Ho$ {bE Ý`yQ>Z {d^m{OV
A§Va f[x0, x1, x2] H$m _mZ 3 h¡ &
2
BMTE-144 7 P.T.O.
 (L>) Ý`yQ>Z-a¡âgZ {d{Y go {H$gr YZ dmñV{dH$ g§»`m H$m
KZ_yb kmV Zht {H$`m Om gH$Vm h¡ &
1 2
(M) Amì`yh   Ho$ AmBJoZ_mZ 1 Am¡a 2 h¢ &
0 3
(N>) g^r bJ«m§O _yb^yV ~hþnXm| H$m `moJ\$b EH$ AMa h¡ &
dy
(O) `{X Am{X _mZ g_ñ`m = 2xy, y(0) = 1 H$mo
dx
{ÛVr` H$mo{Q> BîQ>V_ R-K {d{Y go h = 0·1 boH$a hb
{H$`m OmVm h¡, Vmo K1 Am¡a K2 Ho$ _mZ H«$_e: 0 Am¡a
1
h¢ &
75
1 d3y dy
(P) g_rH$aU x y 0 EH$ a¡{IH$
y dx 3 dx
AdH$b g_rH$aU h¡ &
(Äm) {H$Ýht ^r Am§H$‹S>m| {(xi, fi)|i = 0, 1, 2, 3} Ho$ {bE
3f0 = f3 – 3f2 + 3f1 – f0 hmoVm h¡ &

2. (H$) {XImBE {H$ a¡{IH$ g_rH$aU {ZH$m`

x1 + 2x3 = 3
3x2 = 2
4x1 + 2x2 + 5x3 = 11

g§JV h¡ & AV: LU {d`moOZ {d{Y go BgH$m hb kmV

H$s{OE & 4

(I) hm°Z©a {d{Y go P(– 1) Am¡a kmV H$s{OE, Ohm±

P(– 1)
P(x) = 2x4 + 3x3 – 4x2 + 6x – 10 h¡ & 3

BMTE-144 8
 (J) g_rH$aU f(x) = x4 – x + 3 = 0 Ho$ EH$ _yb H$m
g{ÞH$Q>Z kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE Ý`yQ>Z-a¡âgZ {d{Y H$s
3 nwZamd¥{Îm`m± H$s{OE & Amn àma§{^H$ AZw_mZ x0 = 0
bo gH$Vo h¢ & 3

3. (H$) bJ«m§O A§Vd©oeZ Ho$ à`moJ go {ZåZ{b{IV Am§H$‹S>m| go

f(2) H$m _mZ AmH${bV H$s{OE : 4

x –1 0 1 3
f(x) 0 –4 0 56

(I) J{UVr` AmJ_Z Ho$ {gÕm§V go {XImBE {H$

nex = (eh – 1)n ex, Ohm±  AJ«m§Va g§H$maH$ h¡ & 3

(J) g_rH$aU x2 + ax + b = 0 Ho$ Xmo dmñV{dH$ _yb 

Am¡a  Bg àH$ma h¢ {H$ ||<|| h¡ & `{X h_ EH$

_yb kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE {Z`V {~ÝXþ nwZamd¥{Îm
–b
x n 1  H$m à`moJ H$a|, Vmo `h {H$g _yb
xn  a
H$mo A{^g[aV hmoJr ? 3

4. (H$) Am§H$‹S>m|
xi –3 –2 –1 0 1 2 3
fi 13 7 3 1 1 3 7

Ho$ {bE {XImBE {H$ g^r i = 0, 1, 2, 3 Ho$ {bE

3fi = 0 h¡ & 4

BMTE-144 9 P.T.O.
 (I) {ÛVr` H$mo{Q> H$s Q>oba loUr {d{Y H$m à`moJ H$aHo$,
Am{X _mZ g_ñ`m y = x2 + y2, y(1) = 1 Ho$ {bE
y(1·4) H$m g{ÞH$Q> _mZ kmV H$s{OE & nJ b§~mB©
h = 0·2 br{OE & 6

5. (H$) 3 Am¡a 5 gmonmZ {~ÝXþAm| dmbo {gåßgZ {Z`_ go

2


x
dx H$m g{ÞH$Q> _mZ kmV H$s{OE &
1  x2
0
am°å~J© g_mH$b go gwYmam J`m _mZ àmá H$s{OE & 6

(I) g_rH$aU x3 – x – 1 = 0 H$m A§Vamb ]1, 2[

_| EH$ _yb h¡ & EH$ C{MV nwZamd¥{Îm \$bZ
g(x) Bg àH$ma kmV H$s{OE {H$ nwZamd¥{Îm {d{Y
xn+1 = g(xn), n = 0, 1, 2, ... Cg _yb H$mo A{^g[aV
hmoVr hmo & x0 = 1·6 boH$a Bg {d{Y H$s Xmo nwZamd¥{Îm`m±
Xr{OE & 4

6. (H$) {ZåZ{b{IV Amì`yh A H$m n[a_mU _| 3 Ho$ {ZH$Q>

AmBJoZ_mZ kmV H$aZo Ho$ {bE ì`wËH«$_ KmV {d{Y H$s
VrZ nwZamd¥{Îm`m± Xr{OE :
 2 –1 0 
 
A  – 1 2 –1
 
 0 –1 2 

AmBJoZg{Xe Ho$ {bE àma§{^H$ g{ÞH$Q>Z

(1, – 1, 1)T _mZ H$a M{bE & 7
BMTE-144 10
 2
(I) {gÕ H$s{OE {H$ 2 = 1  h¡ & 3
4

7. (H$) EH$ Cn`wº$ A§Vd}eZ gyÌ H$m à`moJ H$aHo$

{ZåZ{b{IV _mZ gmaUr go f(1·32) H$m _mZ kmV
H$s{OE : 7

x f(x)

1·1 1·3357
1·2 1·5095

1·3 1·6984

1·4 1·9043

1·5 2·1293

(I) 2 Am¡a 5 Ho$ ~rM _| g_Xÿar {~ÝXþAm| H$s EH$ gmaUr _|

Xÿar h Bg àH$ma kmV H$s{OE {H$ \$bZ f(x) = x  1
x
Ho$ EH$ {ÛVr` H$mo{Q> ~hþnX Ûmam A§Vd©oeZ _| 5-ñWmZ
H$s ewÕVm hmo & 3

8. (H$) {XImBE {H$ gmonmZ {~ÝXþAm| x0, x1, ..., xn Ho$ gmW
A{YH$V_$ n KmV dmbo A§Vd©oeZ ~hþnX H$mo
n
Pn(x) = w(x)

k0
f (x k )
(x – x k ) w(x k )

Ho$ ê$n _| {bIm Om gH$Vm h¡, Ohm±

w(x) = (x – x0) (x – x1) ... (x – xn) h¡ & 5

BMTE-144 11 P.T.O.
 (I) JmCg-Om°S>©Z {d{Y go Amì`yh
3 1 2 
 
A  2 –3 –1
 
1 –2 1 

H$m ì`wËH«$_ kmV H$s{OE & 5

9. (H$) a¡{IH$ g_rH$aU {ZH$m`

4x1 + x2 + x3 = 1
x1 + 4x2 – 2x3 = 4
– x1 + 2x2 – 2x3 = 2
H$mo JmCg {dbmonZ {d{Y go hb H$s{OE & 4

(I) g_rH$aU x3 – 4x + 1 = 0 H$m EH$ _yb kmV H$aZo Ho$

{bE g_{Û^mOZ {d{Y H$m à`moJ H$s{OE & A§Vamb
[0, 1] go àma§^ H$aHo$, O~ A§Vamb H$s b§~mB© 0·05 go
H$_ hmo OmVr h¡ V~ nwZamd¥{Îm ~§X H$s{OE & 6

10. (H$) _Ü`_mZ à_o` H$m à`moJ H$aHo$ 3 26 H$m g{ÞH$Q>

_mZ kmV H$s{OE & 6
(I) Amì`yh
6 2 2
 
A  2 4 1
 
2 1 3

Ho$ AmBJoZ_mZm| H$s JUZm {H$E {~Zm {gÕ H$s{OE {H$

AmBJoZ_mZ Ag{_H$m 0    10 H$mo g§VwîQ> H$aVo h¢ & 4

BMTE-144 12