TENSES REVIEW

A. Present Tenses
Peristiwa atau kegiatannya masih ada hubungannya dengan waktu sekarang.
Macamnya ada 4, yaitu:
1. Simple Present Tense 3. Present Perfect Tense
2. Present Continuous Tense 4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Simple Present Tense

a. Rumusnya:

Subject Predicate Complement

He, She, It,
Verb-1 + s/es/ies Object/Adverb
Noun (singular)
I, You, We, They,
Verb-1 Object/Adverb
Noun (plural)

atau:

Subject to be Complement
He, She, It,
is Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Noun (singular)
I am Noun/Adjective/Adverb
You, We, They,
are Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Noun (plural)

b. Penggunaan
Dipakai untuk menyatakan kebiasaan (habitual action) sampai saat ini.
Ciri katanya: always, usually, sometimes, often, seldom, hardly, scarcely, dan
rarely atau everyday, every week, every month, every year, dan lain-lain. Juga
untuk menyatakan hal-hal yang bersifat umum/abadi (general truth).
Contoh:
- Ali goes to mosque every Friday.
- Ali does not go to mosque every Friday.
- Ali doesn’t go to mosque every Friday
- They watch TV every evening.
- They do not watch TV every evening.
- They don’t watch TV every evening.
- Do you believe what he says?
- Does your mother go to the market everyday?
- Where do you live?
- What does Mr. Amir teach you?
- Are you a teacher?
- I am a teacher. He is a teacher. You are a teacher.
- I am not a teacher. He is not a teacher. You are not a teacher.
- I am not a teacher. He isn’t a teacher. You aren’t a teacher.

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 - Are you like monkey?
- Do you like monkey?

2. Present Continuous Tense

a. Rumusnya:

Subject Predicate Complement

He, She, It,
is + Verb1 + ing Object/Adverb
Noun (singular)
I am + Verb1 + ing Object/Adverb
You, We, They,
are + Verb1 + ing Object/Adverb
Noun (plural)

b. Penggunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang sedang
berlangsung saat ini. Penandanya (adverb of time) : now, at this moment, at
present, dan lain-lain.
Contoh:
- I am reading a mathematics article at the moment.
- We are listening to the keynote speaker at present.
- I am not studying English now.
- Is Pak Budi listening to a presentation at an international seminar?
- Are you studying grammar in this semester?

3. Present Perfect Tense

a. Rumusnya :

Subject Predicate Complement

He, She, It,
Has + Verb-3 (been) Object/Adverb
Noun (singular)
I, You, We, They,
Have + Verb-3 (been) Object/Adverb
Noun (plural)

c. Penggunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang baru selesai
dilakukan. Cirinya: just, already, ever, never, atau yet.
Contoh:
- He has already finished his homework before you come.
- I have been happy.
- I haven’t seen that film yet.
- Has Hardi locked the gate?
- Why have the children gone to the zoo?
- Who have helped you make an International Article?

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

a. Rumusnya:

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 Subject Predicate Complement
He, She, It,
Has + been + Verb1 + ing Object/Adverb
Noun (singular)
I, You, We, They,
Have + been + Verb1 + ing Object/Adverb
Noun (plural)

b. Penggunaan
Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa kegiatan atau peristiwa sudah dimulai pada
waktu yang lalu tetapi masih berlangsung sampai saat ini. Cirinya diantaranya
adalah : FOR + jumlah waktu atau SINCE + titik waktu. Juga pertanyaan “How
long …?
Contoh:
- I have been studying English for three years.
- I have been studying English since I was a child.
- How long have you been studying English?
- She has been waiting for you for two days.
- She has been waiting for you since two days ago.
- The students have been discussing their article for two hours.
- The students have been discussing their article since two hours ago.
- How long have the students been discussing their task?

B. Past Tenses
Merupakan bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan peristiwa atau kegiatan terjadi pada
waktu lalu.
Jenisnya ada 4 macam, yaitu:
1. Simple Past Tense 3. Past Perfect Tense
2. Past Continuous Tense 4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Simple Past Tense

a. Rumusnya ada 2 yaitu:

Subject + Verb-2 + Object (Complement)

atau:

Subject to be Complement
He, She, It, I,
was Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Noun (singular)
You, We, They,
were Noun/Adjective/Adverb
Noun (plural)

b. Penggunaannya:
Simple past tense, dipakai bila tidak diketahui bagaimana kegiatan atau peristiwa
itu selanjutnya. Ciri katanya: yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last

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 year, two days ago, an hour ago, this morning (jika diucapkan setelah pagi), just
now (apabila baru saja diucapkan).
Contoh:
- They played pocker last night. - I broke a cup.
- We made this article yesterday. - I didn’t break a cup.
- She was ill last week. - I sneezed while the President was
- You were absent yesterday. speaking.
- Suyitno (2018) wrote that Mathematical Creativity is the essence of
Mathematics.

2. Past Continuous Tense

a. Rumusnya:

Subject + was/were + Verb1-ing + Object (Complement)

b. Penggunaannya:
1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa suatu peristiwa sedang berlangsung
ketika kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lalu. Jadi, berupa kalimat
majemuk.
2) Biasanya ditandai dengan WHEN atau WHILE.
Contoh:
- I was reading an article WHEN she came.
- They discussed their lesson WHEN I was watching TV.
- She was washing the plates WHILE we were cooking the meal.
- My brother played guitar WHILE John was writing an article.
- WHEN she was walking on the street, she found a walled.
- While he was sleeping, I was listening to the BBC News.
- When the students were doing the test, the lecturer was sitting in front of the
class.

3. Past Perfect Tense

a. Rumusnya:

Subject + had + Verb-3 (been) + Object (Complement)

b. Penggunaanya:
1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan bahwa kegiatan atau peristiwa sudah selesai
sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi pada waktu lalu. Past Perfect Tense juga
digunakan untuk membentuk kalimat majemuk.
2) Biasanya ditandai dengan BEFORE atau AFTER.

Contoh:
- Before she went out, she had locked the door.
- We had been there before he arrived.
- The man had finished the work before she entered the room.

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 - They continued to study after they had taken a rest.
- After you had signed the letter, he gave it to me.
- After I had read the announcement, I wrote an article.

4. Past Perfect Continuous Tense

a. Rumusnya:

Subject + had + been + Verb1-ing + Object (Complement)

b. Penggunaannya:
1) Digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan atau peristiwa yang masih sedang
dilakukan pada waktu lalu atau ketika/sebelum kegiatan lain terjadi pada
waktu lalu.
2) Biasanya ada FOR + BANYAK WAKTU atau SINCE + TITIK WAKTU.

Contoh:
- We had been studying English for 2 years last vacation.
- Yesterday, she had been waiting for the bus for 5 hours.
- We had been watching TV for half an hour when you came.
- He had been painting for all day before I took his dinner.
- When they visited me, I had been living in this town for 10 years.
- The students had been discussing the assignment for 15 minutes before the
teacher began the lesson.
- Had the children been watching television before they were sent to bed?

C. Future Tenses
Merupakan bentuk kalimat yang menyatakan suatu kegiatan atau peristiwa yang
direncanakan akan terjadi pada waktu yang akan datang.
Dibedakan atas 4 jenis, yaitu:
1. Future Tense 3. Future Perfect Tense
2. Future Continuous Tense 4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

1. Future Tense
a. Rumusnya:

Subject + shall/will + Verb-1 (be) + Object (Complement)

Untuk yang segera terjadi:

Subject + am/is/are + going to + Verb-1 (be) + Object (Complement)

b. Ciri katanya:

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 Biasanya memakai kata: Tomorrow, next week, soon, later, tonight.

Contoh:
- They will play tennis tomorrow.
- We shall see this film tonight.
- I am going to leave for London.
- I shall be twenty-one on Sunday.
- Tomorrow will be Monday.
- Will you help me to get the mathematics book?

Catatan:
1) will = ‘ll, misalnya I’ll, we’ll.
2) will not dapat ditulis won’t; shall not dapat ditulis shan’t.

2. Future Continuous Tense

Subject + shall/will + be + Verb1-ing + Object

(Complement)

Contoh:
- At seven o’clock tomorrow morning I shall be having breakfast.
- What will you be doing at ten tonight?
- I shall be waiting for you in my room after supper/dinner.
- Anik will be visiting us tomorrow.
- I believe he will be coming this way.
- I shall be seeing him tomorrow.
- The sun will be shining in a minute.
- Will Mrs. Hasan be cooking the meals in half an hour?
- How many students will be joining our club?
- What will you be doing tomorrow?

3. Future Perfect Tense

Subject + shall/will + have + Verb-3 + Object (Complement)

Contoh:
- I shall have seen it.
- By tomorrow, every one will have heard the news.
- I shall have finished this by dinner time.
- Will he have been selling all his furniture by next month?

4. Future Perfect Continuous Tense

Subject + shall/will have been + Verb1-ing + Object (Complement)

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Contoh:
- I shall have been working.
- By next summer, she will have been teaching here for ten years.
- On April 2-nd. 2010, we shall have been living in this house exactly thirty
years.

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