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Name of the Student: DEEPTHI R.

Registration Number:

Programme: BA.LLB

Semester: 1ST SEMESTER

Course Name: POLITICAL ORGANISATION

Course Code: 5BAL103

Component: CCE 1

Date of Submission: 10/11/2022

Submitted to: Prof. TABASSUM SULTANA


CONTENT

1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. WHY PEOPLE CHOOSE CIVIL SERVICES?
4. IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA
5. FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL SERVICES
6. GOVERNANCE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN INDEPENDENT
INDIA
7. GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IN
PRESENT CONTEXT
8. CIVIL SERVICES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION
9. CRITCISMS OF CIVIL SERVICES
10. ACCOUNTABILITY OF A CIVIL SERVANT
11. LITERATURE REVIEW
12. CONCLUSION
TOPIC

INDIAN CIVIL SERVICES- A REALISTIC APPROACH

ABSTRACT

Civil services is part of the executive branch of government and discharges various functions
excluding military and judicial branch. Civil services is a very important aspect of Indian
administration. Civil services were in function during colonial rule and it still holds strong
place in India. This research paper discusses about why people choose civil services, its
governance in independent India, history and evolution of civil services, its importance in the
present context and what place it holds in the era of globalization.

KEYWORDS
CIVIL SERVICES, EXECUTIVE, MILITARY, JUDICIAL, GLOBALIZATION.
INTRODUCTION

A group of people who participate in the exercise of the state's sovereign power by carrying
out the various executive branch duties other than those related to the armed forces on a
permanent basis and receiving payment from the government's treasury is referred to as the
civil service. Indian civil service is adopted or was introduced from or during British
administration.
Warren Hastings established the civil service's foundation under the British Raj, and Charles
Cornwallis transformed, modernized, and rationalized it. Charles Cornwallis is referred to be
"the Father of Civil Service in India".
Following the 1947 partition of India, the modern civil service that exists today was
established. Sardar Patel believed that the civil service should promote unity and coherence
within the country.
A civil service employee's performance of duties must be guided by upholding the highest
standards of integrity, loyalty to the nation's laws and constitution, patriotism, pride in one's
country, devotion to duty, honesty, impartiality, and transparency.
The civil services are in charge of managing India's administration. The management of the
nation is carried out by a variety of central government organizations in accordance with the
policies set forth by the ministries. The actual creators of Indian law and policy are civil
officials. They cannot openly express their disinterest in or dissatisfaction of the elected
administration because they work on its behalf. They are required to create specific rules and
policies that reflect the opinions and objectives of the government. However, neither a state
nor a federal government can dismiss them; only retire them.
The Civil Service Day is observed annually on April 21. Recommitting themselves to the
cause of the people is the goal of this day. All Civil Services comply with it. On this day,
civil employees have the chance to reflect on their work and plan strategies for the problems
that the modern world presents.
The date of April 21 was chosen to honour the occasion when Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, the
nation's first home minister of independent India, spoke about probationers of administrative
services officers that day in 1947.

WHY PEOPLE CHOOSE CIVIL SERVICES?


People choose civil services for the following reasons:
1. Strength and status
2. Job Security
3. Challenging career
4. Different responsibilities
5. Chance to serve the people of the country
6. Chance to make a contribution for your people
7. Higher promotions
8. Helps with higher studies
9. Selection takes place according to rank
10. Various services available
11. Highly beneficial job
12. Huge impact of the decisions made by the civil servants
13. Power to be part of policy formation and implementation
14. Great pay scales with immense facilities

IMPORTANCE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN INDIA

1. As civil services is spread all over India it has a strong binding force.
2. It plays a very important role in policy making and regulating it.
3. Even in the midst of political uncertainty, it provides nonpartisan advice to the
nation's political leadership.
4. The service provides efficient coordination between the numerous governmental
organizations as well as between various departments, bodies, etc.
5. It provides leadership and service delivery at various administrative levels.

FUNCTIONS OF CIVIL SERVICES

 Basis of government
 implementing Laws and Policies
 Policy Development
 Strengthening Force
 Instruments for Economic and Social Development
 Social Services
 Developing Activities
 Administrative Decision-Making

GOVERNANCE OF CIVIL SERVICES IN INDEPENDENT INDIA

The administrative system, which serves as the most crucial tool for our nation's
government, is supported by the civil service system. After India gained independence, the
civil service was reconstructed.

Union/Central Government, State Government, and Local Government are the three
administration levels. The All India Services, namely the Indian Administrative Service, are
part of the civil services at the national level (IAS), the Indian Police Service (IPS), the
Indian Forest Service (IFS), and the Indian Foreign Service (IFS).
In addition to these, there are other central services, like the Indian Railways Service and the
Indian Income Tax Service. The State Civil Service is a unique set of services provided by
the State Governments. According to the goals of the government at each period, the civil
service's role has evolved over time.

Enforcement of law and order and tax collection were the primary concerns of civil servants
throughout the British era. After independence, when the government has taken on the role of
the Welfare State, Civil services are a crucial tool for executing national and state objectives
of welfare and planned development in India

The national character of the Indian civil services has served as a significant unifying force
for the Union of States. The country's overall socioeconomic development has benefited from
the civil service institution. Starting with the "commanding heights regime" and continuing
through the "liberalization and deregulation era," it has been at the forefront of the
development process.

It has acted as a force of unity among diversity. It has not only been crucial in developing and
implementing policies, but it has also made sure that the underprivileged members of our
society receive fundamental services at the local level.

GOOD GOVERNANCE AND CIVIL SERVICE REFORM IN


PRESENT CONTEXT

Civil services must adapt to changes because "Good Governance" is one of the modern
welfare State's top priorities. Reforms and a reorientation of the civil service are necessary for
this response, though, as the current mindset and training of the civil service will not be
sufficient to offer excellent governance in the current complicated environment.

An efficient civil service contributes to excellent policymaking, efficient service delivery,


accountability, and responsibility in the use of public resources, all of which are qualities of
good governance.

'Good Governance' is being used as an all-inclusive framework for policy decision-making


within effective systems of accountability and citizen involvement, as well as for
administrative and civil service reform.

The goal of governance reform is frequently to improve the relationships and efficient
operation of the state, the market, and civil society. To develop appropriate conditions for
decision-making and implementation that promote economic growth and distribution, it
entails improving the legal, institutional, and policy frameworks.

In order to produce successful results, administrative and governance reforms must be


implemented alongside civil service reform.

Globalization is the most significant modern event that has significantly changed the idea of
governance. Globalization has recently impacted every aspect of our nation and its citizens.

Some of the reforms are:


 Central civil services authority
 Alignment with strategic national goals
 360 degree appraisal
 Lateral entry of domain workers

REMOVAL AND PUNISHMENT OF CORRUPT OFFICERS’’

 Empowerment of citizens to sue corrupt officers


 Forced retirement of corrupt and inept officers

CIVIL SERVICES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION


The civil services would not be able to produce the needed results in the current environment
with the training and orientation they currently receive. In the context of globalization, some
of the key issues are:

1. The quick development of communication technology is the primary force behind the
rapid speed of globalization. We are now discussing the "global village" as a result of
this technological breakthrough. So, at this time, for technology must be used in
administration in an effective and efficient manner. This would contribute to
improving the technical orientation of our civil services.
2. Civil services have to change their mindset from ‘only government can do’ to
‘government in partnership with the people can do’. The function of the State has
changed in the era of globalization. Economic liberalization and the state's declining
influence, has led to the private sector's growing influence in the area of direct
economy. One group in society has been marginalized as a result, they
are economically underdeveloped and unable to take advantage of the prospects for
employment that economic liberalization provides.
3. International organizations like the UN, IMF, World Bank, WTO, and others have
become more significant as a result of globalization. Now, we can't ignore these
organizations because if we did, the new economic, political, and social order would
isolate us. Professionalism, harsh bargaining skills, manipulation skills, etc. are
required while dealing with these organizations. Therefore, we must retrain and
realign our civil services with the necessary abilities in order to avoid becoming a
loser while dealing with these multinational organizations.
4. The spread of terror is one of the unfavourable effects of modern globalization. Now,
terrorism is not restricted to a specific geographic area, nor are those who spread it
tied to or restricted to a specific area. One of the hardest affected nations by
international terrorism is ours. International collaboration has become necessary as a
result of the actions of global terrorist networks, which have exposed the
shortcomings of traditional national security organizations based on the contemporary
nation-state system. Cybercrimes and the use of information technology by these
terror organization are significant issues in this regard that require immediate action.
Our civil services require specialized training to address these aspects of crime.

CIRTICISM OF CIVIL SERVICES


Since civil services are seen as the most significant component of the Indian administrative
system and are charged with carrying out the welfare state's development aims, any
deficiencies in achieving these goals are attributed to the failure of civil services.

The taxpayers of India, whose average income is among the lowest in the world, pay a hefty
price to sustain the large bureaucracy system. The public's opinion of civil service employees,
who work at cutting-edge, higher coordinating and policy-making levels, is that they are
"burdensome low-performers" and who are in charge of a massive bureaucracy that is
frequently seen as corrupt and ineffective at running the nation.
Some of the criticisms of civil services are:

 Professionalism issues and weak capacity building


 Public alienation and a failure to understand what people desire
 outdated policies and procedures that prevent government employees from
performing their jobs efficiently
 Systematic irregularities in appointment and promotion
 Administration lethargy and political interference
 a progressive decline in the morale, ethics, and ideals of the public service
 insufficient transparency

ACCOUNTABILITY OF A CIVIL SERVANT

Civil workers are accountable to the ministers of the departments in which they work.
Through the Parliament or State Legislatures, the ministers are answerable to the people, and
the public workers are answerable to the ministers. Since the civil services are responsible for
implementing government policy, they should ideally work for the current elected
administration. An impartial civil worker must also answer to the Indian Constitution, to
which he has sworn loyalty.

LITERATURE REVIEW

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_Services_of_India
In this above mentioned link, it provides basic information about civil services including the
types, responsibilities, reforms etc. but it doesn’t mention about how far the reforms are
implemented and how effective is the punishment system.

https://byjus.com/free-ias-prep/role-of-civil-services-in-a-democracy/
In this, it states about the civil services, its importance, evolution and functions but it does not
discuss about the reforms available and punishments given to the corrupt officers.

http://ijrar.com/upload_issue/ijrar_issue_20542943.pdf
This research paper talks about lot of important things but it forgets to mention the reforms
made to the exact point and it also ignores to mention about the punishment.

CONCLUSION

Civil services has played a very important role right from the ancient times. The civil service
system we have now and the civil service system we had in the past is very different because
it has gone through various reforms or changes. The growing economy and the needs of the
people is increasing the responsibilities and work of the civil servant.as of now, in the present
global era government cannot just be law enforcer or controller of natural resources whereas
it should also look after the needs and problems of the community. There are always
challenges in a developing country so the civil servants are required to adapt and face these
new challenges. They need to learn the new technologies and new style of functioning.

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