Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2018-2027
Calapan City

Volume III

SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND PHYSICAL PROFILE,

SECTORAL AND SPECIAL AREA STUDIES
 Comprehensive Land Use Plan
2018-2027
Calapan City

INTRODUCTION

The analyses presented in this volume were developed through a careful

technical study of available primary and secondary data as well as field
observations. The results of the analysis were then subjected to interest group
consensus while receiving advice and support from the LGU officials participating in
the process. The analysis is influenced and informed by existing planning processes
underway or completed for portions of the plan area.

The values and interests that helped shape the analysis presented in this
report represent those that may be affected by the outcome of the Comprehensive
Land Use Plan. Groups and individuals with certain interests and values that they
want brought forward were invited during the Focused Group Discussions and the
Visioning Workshop.

The following interest groups were involved in the shaping of the situation analysis:

x Barangay, city , provincial and national governments;

x Agriculture, fishery and forestry sectors;
x Community economic opportunities providers – agro-based industries,
trading, commerce, banking, recreation and tourism;
x Environmental advocates – terrestrial, coastal and marine;
x Public utilities providers like water, power, communication and transportation
services; and
x Civil society organizations including cooperatives, academe, non-
government organizations, civic groups and private individuals

The primary focus of the consultative activities was to negotiate a set of

development concerns and objectives that had the consensus of all participating
parties and their reference groups. The inputs of the different sector representatives
were all considered in the analyses. In the process, the participants were able to:

x Increase their understanding of a wide range of resource values and

management practices;
x Ensure that their values, local knowledge, and interests are incorporated into
the preparation of the Updated Comprehensive Land Use Plan;
x Gain an understanding of interests and perspectives from other community
members;
x Influence how land use issues are resolved and how lands and resources are
managed; and
x Ensure that there is a role for community members in reviewing and
monitoring the implementation of the land use plan.

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BRIEF HISTORY

Calapan was founded as a parish in 1679 by a Spanish Augustinian Recollect

priest, Fr. Diego dela Madre de Dios. Human settlements were established around
the parish church which later became the beginning of a small town. In 1733, the
District convent was transferred to Calapan and began its jurisdiction over the
Northern Mindoro Ecclesiastical Area. In the early 18th century, the town occupied
only a strip of land stretching from Ibaba to Ilaya in a cross – formed facing the
present church and cut-off by a river. In the course of the century, succeeding
barrios were founded. In 1837, the capital of the province was moved from Puerto
Galera to Calapan.

When Mindoro became a part of Marinduque on June 13, 1902 under Act
No. 423, the capital of Mindoro was transferred to Puerto Galera under the Law. It
was re-transferred to Calapan in 1903 for geographical and transportation purposes.

When Mindoro was detached from Marinduque on November 10, 1902, the
towns of Baco, Puerto Galera and San Teodoro were annexed to Calapan in 1905
under Act 1280, adding a total of 843 sq. kms. land area. In 1902, under Act 2824,
the three municipalities gained their independence.

The year 1998 was a landmark event for Calapan when it was converted from
a municipality into a component city by virtue of Republic Act No. 8475. The law
was authored in Congress by Rep. Renato V. Leviste and was signed by President
Fidel V. Ramos on February 2, 1998 in Malacanan Palace. On March 21, 1998, the
people of Calapan ratified the creation of the City of Calapan in a plebiscite.
March 21, 1998 is therefore marked as the Foundation Day of the City of Calapan.
Incumbent Mayor Arnan C. Panaligan became the last Municipal Mayor and the
First City Mayor of Calapan. Similarly, it is the first and only city in the province of
Oriental Mindoro.

Recently, the City Government Calapan received several recognitions and

awards such as 2017 Seal of Good Local Governance given by the Department of
Interior and Local Government; 3rd Most Improved City in Competitiveness and 2nd
Most Resilient City given by National Competitive Council; 1st Place, Gawad Kalasag
Award given by MIMAROPA Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Council; 3rd
Place, eGov Award on D2G Category conferred by the Department of Information
and Communication Technology.

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1. DEMOGRAPHY

1.1 Population Growth

According to 2015 Census of Population of the Philippine Statistics Authority

(PSA), the City registered a total population of 133,893 with a growth rate of 1.44%
between 2010 and 2015. This figure is slightly lower than the increase in the provincial
population of 1.45% growth rate for the same period. The city's growth rate slightly
declined from 1.61% to 1.44% between the periods 2000 - 2010 and 2010 – 2015,
respectively.

About 38.3% of the provincial population resided in Calapan City, Naujan

and Pinamalayan. Being the provincial capital, Calapan's population was highest in
2015 comprising 15.9% of the total population of Oriental Mindoro. The figure is
followed by Naujan, covering 12.2%, and Pinamalayan with 10.2% for the same year.
The three (3) areas also emerged on top as far as population share is concerned
since 1990.

Based on the 1.44% growth rate, the population of Calapan City is expected
to double in number in 45 years.

While the City of Calapan will continue to grow in the coming decade, the
population’s growth rate is expected to continue to slow down in the years to come.
From a growth rate of 1.44% between 2010 and 2015, it will steadily decrease to
1.39% between 2015 and 2020, 1.29% between 2020 and 2025, and 1.21% between
2025 and 2030. The declining growth rate in the city may be attributed to out-
migration. Economic opportunities in Metro Manila and the CALABARZON areas
have enticed a relatively big number of Mindoreños to go farther. In addition, others
pursue their educational careers and opportunities in other cities. People from other
towns of the province generally migrate first to Calapan. Afterwards, they move on
to the CALABARZON area and to Metro Manila.

The population projections assume that the city’s population will be

increasing in absolute terms based on an increasing absolute amount as observed
during the past decade. Expected decline in the natural population increase will be
offset by a tapering of out-migration.

1.2 Barangay Population

Calapan City is composed of 62 barangays, 28 of which are classified as

urban barangays. The fastest growing barangay between the periods of 2010 to
2015 was Bondoc, with an annual growth rate of 16.36%, followed by Bulusan with a

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rate of 10.37%, and Lazareto with a rate of 6.98%. On the other hand, the slowest
growing barangay for the same period was Calero with an annual growth rate of -
10.07%, followed by San Vicente East with a rate of -3.34% and San Vicente Central
with a rate of -2.29%. The decline of population in Calero was attributed to the
boundary dispute with nearby barangays. It was noted that these barangays with
slow growth rate were located along the central business district of the city.

In terms of the magnitude of population, Lumangbayan registered the largest

number of population of 4,965 in 2015. It was followed by Camilmil and Lazareto with
4,557 and 4,555 residents, respectively.

Table 1.1 presents the actual population of Calapan City per barangay from
2010 to 2015. It also provides the projected population of the city for 2020, 2025 and
2030. Map 1.1 shows the actual population of Calapan City per barangay from 2010
to 2015. It also provides the projected population of the City for 2020, 2025 and 2030.
Map 1.1 shows the projected population map for 2030.

Table 1.1. 2010 & 2015 Actual Population and Projected Population
for 2020, 2025, 2030
Actual Population Projected Population
GR
Barangay 2010 2015
2020 2025 2030
1.60% 1.44% 1.44%
Balingayan 1,460 1,570 0.011726 1686 1811 1946
Balite 3,260 3,472 0.025931 3729 4006 4302
Baruyan 3,001 3,029 0.022623 3253 3495 3754
Batino 1,658 1,711 0.012779 1838 1974 2120
Bayanan I 1,013 1,041 0.007775 1118 1201 1290
Bayanan II 2,645 2,951 0.02204 3170 3405 3657
Biga 2,249 2,250 0.016804 2417 2596 2788
Bondoc 195 416 0.003107 447 480 516
Bucayao 2,429 2,667 0.019919 2865 3077 3305
Buhuan 795 946 0.007065 1016 1091 1172
Bulusan 2,403 3,936 0.029397 4228 4541 4877
Calero 2,513 1,478 0.011039 1588 1705 1832
Camansihan 2,299 2,377 0.017753 2553 2742 2946
Camilmil 4,409 4,557 0.034035 4895 5257 5647
Canubing I 3,291 3,497 0.026118 3756 4034 4333
Canubing II 3,292 3,582 0.026753 3847 4133 4439
Comunal 2,816 3,051 0.022787 3277 3520 3781
Guinobatan 2,851 3,748 0.027993 4026 4324 4644
Gulod 858 897 0.006699 963 1035 1112
Gutad 1,382 1,364 0.010187 1465 1574 1690

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Actual Population Projected Population

GR
Barangay 2010 2015
2020 2025 2030
1.60% 1.44% 1.44%
Ibaba East 1,065 1,068 0.007977 1147 1232 1323
Ibaba West 2,458 2,687 0.020068 2886 3100 3330
Ilaya 4,030 3,974 0.02968 4268 4585 4925
Lalud 3,871 4,410 0.032937 4737 5088 5465
Lazareto 4,005 4,555 0.03402 4893 5255 5645
Libis 1,406 1,564 0.011681 1680 1804 1938
Lumang Bayan 4,409 4,965 0.037082 5333 5728 6153
Mahal Na
1,138 1,316 0.009829 1414 1518 1631
Pangalan
Maidlang 1,054 1,117 0.008342 1200 1289 1384
Malad 831 822 0.006139 883 948 1019
Malamig 1,651 1,863 0.013914 2001 2149 2309
Managpi 2,661 2,742 0.020479 2945 3163 3398
Masipit 2,795 3,115 0.023265 3346 3594 3860
Nag-Iba I 1,029 947 0.007073 1017 1093 1174
Nag-Iba II 1,506 1,785 0.013332 1917 2059 2212
Navotas 661 765 0.005714 822 883 948
Pachoca 3,185 3,362 0.02511 3611 3879 4166
Palhi 2,422 2,475 0.018485 2658 2855 3067
Panggalaan 538 574 0.004287 617 662 711
Parang 2,757 3,018 0.02254 3242 3482 3740
Patas 953 868 0.006483 932 1001 1076
Personas 1,423 1,405 0.010493 1509 1621 1741
Puting Tubig 1,481 1,507 0.011255 1619 1739 1867
San Antonio 3,320 3,448 0.025752 3704 3978 4273
San Rafael 2,403 3,367 0.025147 3617 3885 4172
San Vicente
403 359 0.002681 386 414 445
Central
San Vicente
737 622 0.004646 668 718 771
East
San Vicente
722 749 0.005594 805 864 928
North
San Vicente
627 608 0.004541 653 701 753
South
San Vicente
656 608 0.004541 653 701 753
West
Sapul 2,711 2,792 0.020852 2999 3221 3460
Silonay 1,249 1,383 0.010329 1485 1596 1714
Sta. Cruz 782 737 0.005504 792 850 913

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Actual Population Projected Population

GR
Barangay 2010 2015
2020 2025 2030
1.60% 1.44% 1.44%
Sta. Isabel 3,494 3,915 0.02924 4205 4517 4851
Sta. Maria
1,407 1,517 0.01133 1629 1750 1880
Village
Sta. Rita 1,658 1,770 0.01322 1901 2042 2193
Sto.Niño 3,549 3,804 0.028411 4086 4389 4714
Suqui 1,893 2,041 0.015244 2192 2355 2529
Tawagan 1,157 1,217 0.009089 1307 1404 1508
Tawiran 1,977 2,152 0.016073 2311 2483 2667
Tibag 2,344 2,441 0.018231 2622 2816 3025
Wawa 936 919 0.006864 987 1060 1139
Total 124,173 133,893 143815 154472 165919

Map 1.1 Projected Population Map for 2030

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1.3 Population Density

Calapan City registered a population density of 505 per square kilometer in

2015 (PDPFP 2016-2025). The densest barangay was Ibaba West with a density of
429.43. It was followed by Libis and Tibag with a density of 195.04 and 194.37,
respectively. Based on the population density gradient lines, there was a continued
substantial densification of the city up to a distance of about 10 kilometers from the
city center based on 2015 population. Such observation was seen since 1995. By
2030, it is expected that the city will have a population density of 8.75.

Table 1.2 provides the population density of Calapan in 2015 and the projected
density in 2020, 2025 and 2030.

Table 1.2. Projected Population Density for 2020, 2025, 2030

URBAN BARANGAY
Projected Population Density
Land Area Land Area
No. Barangay (Population/sq.km)
(has) (sq.km)
2020 2025 2030
1 Balite 201.6439 2.016439 1829 1942 2062
2 Bayanan I 180.3438 1.803438 592 608 624
3 Biga 662.397463 6.62397463 340 340 340
4 Calero 7.85495 0.0785495 11354 6849 4138
5 Camilmil 96.42291 0.9642291 4877 5032 5193
6 Guinobatan 494.9161 4.949161 982 1274 1653
7 Ibaba East 8.72615 0.0872615 12270 12296 12331
8 Ibaba West 69.3077 0.693077 4220 4593 4999
9 Ilaya 33.752892 0.33752892 11616 11460 11306
10 Lalud 117.64545 1.1764545 4243 4803 5437
11 Lazareto 113.3709 1.133709 4541 5133 5802
12 Libis 6.356981 0.06356981 27230 30140 33349
13 Lumangbayan 100.359154 1.00359154 5540 6205 6948
14 Masipit 472.195885 4.72195885 731 810 898
15 Pachoca 128.100808 1.28100808 2762 2908 3061
16 San Antonio 19.060537 0.19060537 18750 19433 20146
17 San Rafael (Salong) 107.9541 1.079541 4299 5927 8169
San Vicente
18 3.407542 0.03407542 9436 8452 7571
Central
19 San Vicente East 16.59895 0.1659895 3188 2711 2307
20 San Vicente North 3.295362 0.03295362 23536 24368 25248
21 San Vicente South 7.50917 0.0750917 7865 7644 7418
22 San Vicente West 2.8098 0.028098 20125 18720 17403
23 Sta. Isabel 523.2875 5.232875 834 929 1035
24 Sta. Maria Village 16.8884 0.168884 9648 10362 11132

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25 Sto.Niño 40.69288 0.4069288 9986 10668 11398

26 Suqui 244.8164 2.448164 895 962 1033
27 Tawiran 175.28322 1.7528322 1331 1443 1565

28 Tibag 26.6881 0.266881 9504 9877 10263

RURAL BARANGAY
Projected Population Density
Land Area Land Area
No. Barangay (Population/sq.km)
(has) (sq.km)
2020 2025 2030
1 Balingayan 480.2556 4.802556 350 375 402
2 Baruyan 628.3104 6.283104 486 491 495
3 Batino 670.00012 6.7000012 263 271 279
4 Bayanan II 458.7199 4.587199 714 793 880
5 Bondoc 262.9436 2.629436 325 669 1376
6 Bucayao 423.5864 4.235864 688 752 822
7 Buhuan 500.7248 5.007248 223 263 310
8 Bulusan 460.631479 4.60631479 1367 2186 3497
9 Camansihan 660.4832 6.604832 372 384 396
10 Canubing I 598.61285 5.9861285 619 656 694
11 Canubing II 1,069.55 10.695475 363 393 426
12 Comunal 367.1334 3.671334 897 968 1045
13 Gulod 471.7651 4.717651 198 207 216
14 Gutad 954.979 9.54979 141 139 138
Mahal na
15 123.8358 1.238358 1220 1401 1608
Pangalan
16 Maidlang 137.9829 1.379829 855 904 955
17 Malad 331.6454 3.316454 245 243 240
18 Malamig 297.5806 2.975806 702 788 884
19 Managpi 816.325917 8.16325917 346 355 366
20 Nag-iba I 202.0087 2.020087 433 400 370
21 Nag-iba II 585.7025 5.857025 358 421 495
22 Navotas 408.334 4.08334 215 247 284
23 Palhi 71.0166 0.710166 3557 3630 3706
24 Panggalaan 245.6572 2.456572 249 264 281
25 Parang 507.7615 5.077615 648 706 770
26 Patas 298.5669 2.985669 266 243 223
27 Personas 317.7803 3.177803 437 432 426
28 Puting Tubig 709.666852 7.09666852 216 219 223
29 Sapul 491.9433 4.919433 584 600 617
30 Silonay 41.0936 0.410936 3708 4086 4502
31 Sta. Cruz 675.6615 6.756615 103 97 92
32 Sta. Rita 367.2042 3.672042 513 546 581
33 Tawagan 230.9625 2.309625 553 580 609
34 Wawa 39.8111 0.398111 2268 2228 2190

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Map 1.2 Projected Density Map for 2030

1.4 Age-Sex Structure

Of the 133,893 population in 2015, 49% were under 15 years of age. Children
below 5 years old comprised 10.4% of the city’s population. On the other hand, the
elderly who belongs to the 65 and above age group had a share of 4.9% in the
population. Eventually, the working age group (15-64 years old) had the biggest
share of 84.7% in the whole population.

The number of males and females was almost the same in 2015. Males
accounted for 50.06% while females comprised 49.94%. These figures resulted in a
sex ratio of 101 males for every 100 females. However, based on the population
projection, there will be more females than males in the coming decade. The sex
ratio will be 99.2, 98.3 and 97.4 in year 2020, 2025 and 2030, respectively.

There were more females than males in age groups 50 years old and above in
2015, while the males dominated the rest of the age groups. However, it is projected
that by 2030, there will be more females than males in the age groups of 50 and
above, and in 20-34 years old. This implies that there will be more females in the
reproductive age group.

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In 2015, the age group of 0-24 year-old age group comprised the 50.48% of
the total population. This implied that Calapan City had a young population. As a
result, the median age group belonged to 20-24 years old group. By 2030, the share
in total population of the age group of 0-24 year-old age group will have a lower
share of 45.44% only, or a decline of 5.04%. Consequently, the median age group will
also shift to 25-29 years old group.

The overall dependency ratio of Calapan City was 57 in 2015, which

indicated that for every 100 working-age population, there were about 57
dependents (49 young dependents and 8 old dependents). The ratio is expected to
be lower in 2030 at 48 dependents per 100 working-age population (40 young
dependents and 8 old dependents). Young dependency will decline while old
dependency will have minimal growth rate due to growth in the economically-
active population.

Figure 1.1 shows the age-sex pyramid of the city in 2015 while Figure 1.2 presents the
projected age-sex pyramid in 2030. On the other hand, Table 1.3 provides the age-
sex distribution of Calapan City in 2015, 2020, 2025 and 2030.

Figure 1.1 Age-sex pyramid for 2015

80 & over
75 - 79
70 - 74
65 - 69
60 - 64
55 - 59
50 - 54
45 - 49
40 - 44
35 - 39
30 - 34
25 - 29
20 - 24
15 - 19
10-14
5-9
1-4
Under 1
-10,000 -8,000 -6,000 -4,000 -2,000 0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000

MALE FEMALE

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Figure 1.2 Age-sex pyramid for 2030

80 & over
75 – 79
70 - 74
65 – 69
60 – 64
55 – 59
50 – 54
45 – 49
40 – 44
35 – 39
30 – 34
25 – 29
20 – 24
15 – 19
10 – 14
5–9
1–4
Under 1
-10000 -7500 -5000 -2500 0 2500 5000 7500 10000

Female Male

Table 1.3. Age-sex distribution for 2015 and 2030

Age Male Female
Group 2010 2015 2030 2010 2015 2030
Under 1 1,329 1,411 1748 1276 1339 1659
1–4 5,674 5,717 7084 5204 5450 6754
5–9 7,088 7,386 9153 6638 6926 8583
10 – 14 7,071 7,056 8744 6750 6638 8226
15 – 19 6,605 6,988 8659 6365 6762 8379
20 – 24 5,603 6,006 7443 5495 5914 7329
25 – 29 4,937 5,348 6627 4896 5270 6531
30 – 34 4,633 4,994 6189 4539 4969 6158
35 – 39 4,125 4,648 5760 3964 4509 5588
40 – 44 3,542 4,083 5060 3457 3954 4900
45 – 49 3,142 3,506 4345 3038 3426 4245
50 – 54 2,631 2,939 3642 2763 2991 3706
55 – 59 2,108 2,454 3041 2213 2566 3180
60 – 64 1,482 1,868 2315 1696 2207 2735
65 – 69 845 1,288 1596 1071 1560 1933
70 - 74 584 634 786 842 937 1161
75 – 79 352 401 497 588 688 853
80 & over 325 304 377 609 756 937

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2. PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT

2.1 Location and Land Area

The City of Calapan is located at the northeastern part of Mindoro Island. Its
geographical coordinates are 13-deg. 12.6-min. and 13-deg. 27-min. north latitude
and 121-deg. 17-min. east longitude. It is 28 nautical miles from the nearest point of
Batangas Province and is about 45 kms. south of Batangas City and 130 kms. south
of Manila.

Calapan Bay bounds the city on the north and northeast, on the south and
southeast by the municipality of Naujan and on the west by the municipality of
Baco. It has an area of approximately 18,654.5526 hectares including its five (5) islets.
This is the city’s area as measured from 2017 map of Google Earth using Geographic
Information System (GIS)-based techniques and is being used in this document for
planning purposes. The National Statistics Office (now PSA) places the city’s area at
265.20 sq. kms.

Administratively, the city has been subdivided into 62 barangays: 28 of which

are classified as urban and 34 as rural.

Map 2.1 shows the location map of Calapan City.

Map 2.1 Location map of the city

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2.2 Physical Geography

The city is situated on the vast northeastern floodplain of Oriental Mindoro.

The overall land character is that of a wide plain having meandering rivers
interspersed with wetlands at the seacoast periphery. The pervasive flat terrain is
interrupted only by the elongated Bulusan Hill (highest elevation about 187 meters
above sea level) at the city’s northeastern portion.

2.3 Topography

2.3.1 Lowland

Calapan is blessed with a vast flat plain from the waterfront on the
scenic Calapan Bay to the boundary lines of the municipalities of Baco and
Naujan. This is the most extensive landform in the city and is best described as
a broad flatland. The rock type of this landform is mixed sediments (alluvium)
which is composed mainly of quartz and clay and is formed through fluviatile
(mechanical) deposition by rivers and streams. This landform has the lowest
elevation among all types, with a range of mountains as its background
topped by Mt. Halcon, the third highest peak in the Philippines. The mountain
ranges are the source of all rivers, streams and creeks. As a result, the
landform is actually a floodplain where inundation is a concern especially
during the occurrence of heavy rains.

Lowlands are further subdivided into the following Geomorphic

Management Units (GMUs), which are groupings used by the LREP to
characterize areas which have similarity in relief and rock structure.

Coastal Plain

Coastal plains are formed through the deposition of alluvial

materials such as sand and shells by waves and by silt, clay and other
fine particles by rivers and streams. This is mostly found in the
northeastern coastline of the city as a belt especially in the barangays
of Suqui, Silonay, Maidlang, Gutad and Navotas (going inland along
the Kilokilo and Silonay Rivers). On the western side, this is found along
the flanks of the Baruyan River up to Caluangan Lake. Fishponds,
mangroves, nipa, beach ridges and swales characterize the coastal
plain. The city has a coastline of approximately 34.60 kilometers from
the municipal boundaries of Baco and Calapan which is similar to that
of Naujan and Calapan. The main sea fishing grounds are Calapan
and Silonay Bay. The three major rivers are Calapan River, Baruyan
River and Bucayao River.

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Broad Alluvial Plains

This is the most dominant GMU and borders the coastal plain
areas. Broad alluvial plains are composed of clay, silt, sand, gravel and
cobbles deposited from the highlands by rivers and streams. This type
of GMU may be found throughout the city and predominantly at its
western, central, southeastern and southern parts.

2.3.2 Upland

Residual terraces represent this landform type as a GMU in the city.

These are gently sloping areas that are bounded by steep slopes. This GMU
may be found at the foot of the hills of Bulusan and is made up of dacite.

Dacitic Hills

The hills of Bulusan, Lazareto and the minor rises from San Rafael
(formerly Salong) to Guinobatan are composed of dacitic rocks
(quartz, feldspar, biotite, hornblende and ferro-magnesium) formed
through volcanic extrusion. Some geologists regard the formation in
Bulusan, along with the andesitic hills around Lake Naujan as a
dormant volcanic cone.

2.3.3 Miscellaneous

Caluangan (Baruyan) Lake is classified as a Miscellaneous Landform

and is located in the western portion of the city. The Baruyan River empties
first into this lake before exiting to Calapan Bay at the north.

Map 2.2 presents the topographic map of Calapan City.

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Calapan City

Map 2.2 Topographic Map of the City

2.4 Mineral Resources

There have been reports that guano may be found in the caves of Lalud,
Lazareto, Suqui and Silonay Islets. Sand and gravel, on the other hand, are being
quarried along the Bucayao and Longos Rivers. There has been no evidence on the
presence of metallic minerals in any part of the city.

Extraction of resources such as minerals, sand and gravel are done in a

responsible manner. To facilitate this, necessary permits and consultation with
stakeholders within the city is being observed. In the case of Calapan City, quarrying
activities in Bucayao and Longos Rivers are under the charge of the Provincial
Mining Regulatory Board. For small-scale mining projects, proponents will be required
to conduct Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in relation to erosion/landslides,
sedimentation in rivers and coastal areas and proper waste disposal and
management. This will be a major provision of an ordinance or a requirement prior to
issuance of permits.

There are three active Sand and Gravel extraction operations in Calapan
City: Sixteen Enterprises, H. Goco & Sons Agricultural Corporation and Zuqui

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Enterprises all located in Bucayao, Calapan City. Extraction volume reaches to a

maximum of 30,000 cu.m. and a minimum of 20,000 cu.m. per annum.

Table 2.1. Commercial Sand & Gravel Extraction Project details, Calapan City
Business Name Business Total Area Extraction per Location
of Quarry Owner Annum
Sixteen Malou Morillo 30,000 Sq. M. 20,000 cu.m. Bucayao,
Enterprises Calapan City
H. Goco & Sons Wilfredo 50,000 Sq. M. Bucayao,
Agricultural Goco Calapan City
Corporation
Zuqui Enterprises Michelle 30,000 Sq. M. 30,000 cu.m. Bucayao,
Paala Calapan City

Map 2.3. Satellite image of Sand and Gravel Quarry sites, Calapan City

Source: City Environment and Natural Resources Department

2.5 Surface and Ground Water Resources

Two major river systems pass through the city coming from the mountain
range. The Bucayao (Pulang Tubig) River System passes through the southern part
and exits to the southeast while the Biga-Baco-Malaylay River System passes through
the city’s southwestern and western parts before exiting into Calapan Bay. These
two river systems, including the Aglubang-Mag-asawang Tubig River System, built
the alluvial plains of northeastern Mindoro. According to the LREP, Bucayao River
“has the biggest annual average discharge of 2,629 cubic meters per second”
among all the major rivers of Oriental Mindoro.” Other minor rivers and streams that
drain the city’s floodplain include the Panggalaan River, Dulangan River (also known

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as Longos River), Caluangan River, Canubing Creek, Baruyan River, Masipit Creek,
Calapan River, Biga Creek, Kilokilo River and Silonay River.

A prominent surface water body is Caluangan (Baruyan) Lake covering

about 150 hectares. Its flanks have been converted into fishponds while fishpens and
fishcages have been established in the lake proper.

The city straddles two watershed areas. A big part of it is the Malaylay
Watershed that it shares with Baco and portions of San Teodoro and Puerto Galera.
Its eastern sector is part of the Mag-Asawang Tubig Watershed that it, in turn, shares
with Naujan.

The eastern part of the city, namely, Navotas, Maidlang and parts of Gutad
and Silonay has swampy to salty hydrology. A great portion of the city (mainly the
central part) has been found to have an approximate safe yield of 3,710.44 lps, a
groundwater-mining yield of 14,790.40 lps and a well discharge density of 22.56 lps
per sq. km. A small portion at the southwest has a safe yield of approximately
1,001.20 lps, an estimated groundwater-mining yield of 5,031.95 lps and a well
discharge density of 19.92 lps per sq. km.

2.6 Marine and Coastal Resources

The city’s waters, though not a known fishing ground, is home to well-known
commercial fishery species. Sea species include tangigue, tambakol, tulingan,
manamsi, dilis, galunggong and lumahan. Inland species include banak, sabalo,
hito, dalag, tilapia, gurami, bangus, shrimps and crabs.

Fishing gear used for deep sea fishing includes basnig, pukot, panti, kitang
while baklad, bobo and bonbon and salap are used for shallow sea fishing. Basnig
and sakag are, in turn, used for inland waters.

Mangrove and nipa abound the eastern coast especially within barangays
Navotas, Gutad, Maidlang and Silonay. There are also patches of mangrove and
nipa areas along the Baruyan River and Caluangan Lake. Corals are present in the
islands, especially around the Baco Islets. Primary survey studies further showed that
siltation is prevalent in the Silonay Islets that may most likely be attributed to the
discharge of the Pulang Tubig River.

2.7 Geology

The entire city is almost covered with sedimentary rock consisting of

quaternary alluvium. Some hilly portions of Bulusan, Lazareto and Guinobatan
contain igneous rocks made up of Lumintao formation and quaternary volcanic.

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2.8 Soil

According to the Bureau of Soils and Water Management (BSWM), there are
various types of soil apparent in the city namely San Manuel Silty Loam, San Manuel
Sandy Loam, San Manuel Loam, Calumpang Silty Clay, Calumpang Clay Loam,
Bulaoen Clay Loam, Buguey Loamy Sand, Beach sand and Hydrosol.

2.9 Climate

The city falls under Type III climate according to the Modified Coronas
Classification of the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAG-ASA). The seasons are not very pronounced not unlike most of
the northern part of the Philippines. It is relatively dry from November to April and wet
for the rest of the year.

Northeasterly winds prevail during the months of August, November,

December, January, February and March. East to northeast winds occur during April,
southeast to south during May and June, northeast to south during July and
September, and east during October.

Climate is favorable for vegetation throughout the year under the Type III
climate type, with relative humidity at 81%. The average temperature ranges from
22.9 to 33.7 degree Celsius and the fairly humidity is 85.67%. However, based on the
climate projections of PAG-ASA, the city will experience an increase in minimum
temperature by 2011 to 2040 for all seasons.

2.10 Geo-hazard Issues

2.10.1 Floodplain Areas

Most of the city’s areas had been classified as a floodplain except for
the hills of Bulusan and its vicinity as well as the southwest (Canubing II) at the
boundary of Baco and Naujan. Flooding is mainly caused by the overflow of
water of the Pulang Tubig (Bucayao) River. Other rivers that overflow include
the Dulangan and Biga-Baco Rivers. The overflow of these rivers is a major
concern especially if it occurs simultaneously with the high tide.

Flooding in the alluvial areas has become a regular occurrence and

the degree of annual crop losses and the realignment of the Silonay River
that caused a large part of barangays Panggalaan, Nag-iba I, Nag-iba II,
Gutad and Maidlang to be submerged. In 2005, almost all parts of the city

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were submerged when the protection dike in Bucayao River collapsed

causing many losses in properties.

2.10.2 Earthquake-Induced Hazards

The Central Mindoro Fault and its branch, the Aglubang River Fault,
pass through the western side of the city. A segment of the Lubang Fault lies
north of the city and may well be within its territorial waters. The movement of
the Aglubang River Fault in 1994 caused several barangays in the city to be
affected by liquefaction, among which are: Salong, Poblacion, Canubing,
Biga, Communal, Navotas, and Gutad. These are the coastal areas and
alluvial plains which have fluvial, back swamp, deltaic and beach
environments underlain by relatively unconsolidated, water-saturated,
moderately sorted, fine-grained sand deposits.

The tsunami that hit the city during the 1994 earthquake due to the
movement of the Aglubang River Fault affected its northern coastal areas
especially Wawa, and to a lesser degree, San Antonio and Lazareto. The
Baco and Silonay Islets were also hit by this tsunami.

2.10.3 Areas Prone to Coastal Erosion and Flooding

The northeastern part of the city is prone to coastal erosion due to its
unstable soil. Erosion follows creeps along the coast following a northwestern
direction. This especially affects the areas of Navotas, Gutad, Maidlang,
Silonay, Suqui as well as the Silonay Islets.

Almost all the coastal areas of the city are prone to coastal flooding
during high tides. The Poblacion area is flooded as the sea waters rise since
the elevation of its drainage outfalls become lower than the high tide
elevation.

2.10.4 Steeply-Sloped Areas

Areas that have 18% and steeper slopes are very difficult to utilize and
necessitate extremely cautious measures to prevent landslides and flooding
of lower areas. Steeply-sloped areas are located in the upper regions of the
hills of Bulusan and in some parts of the small islands.

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3. EXISTING LAND USE AND LAND USE TRENDS

3.1 Trends and Pattern

3.1.1 Historical Development

Historical data state that the development of settlements in Calapan

may initially be attributed to the migration of workers from Luzon due to
logging operations in nearby towns. As the nearest point to and from the
mainland and having a good harbor, Calapan became a natural trading
post. The settlers developed supportive activities (workshops, machine shops
and other small industries) to logging operations. As logging declined,
activities became more focused on rice production and trading especially
with the establishment of extensive irrigation facilities. The improvement of
access roads linking Calapan to the other towns of Oriental Mindoro further
strengthened its role as center of trade and commerce of the province,
enhancing its position as the primary urban center of the province and
making the Batangas-Calapan inter-island route as the busiest sea lane in the
entire island of Mindoro.

3.1.2 Land Use Development

Land use in the city is mostly agricultural and residential. In order to

track down the evolution of land uses, data has been obtained for 1980,
1986, 1997 and 2017. Agricultural areas are more or less stable during the said
years indicating a relatively weak pressure to urbanize these areas. The
increase in the built-up areas is accompanied by a decrease in the city’s
wetlands showing a far greater tendency to reclaim wetlands in order to
protect the crop producing areas.

3.1.3 City Form and Character

The city has a central corridor with two pronounced lateral branches.
The central corridor is defined by the North-South Road that links it to the
southern municipalities of the province. The west lateral is the National Road
going to Puerto Galera and the east lateral is the Provincial Road that
provides access to the eastern coastal barangays.

The urban core is at the northern part of the city (Poblacion and
vicinity) with a trend going southward along the North-South Road. Beyond
these areas lie vast ricelands and a coastal margin accented by the hills of
Bulusan.

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3.1.4 Present Land Utilization

The urban area is still largely confined to the northern sector of the city:
from the seaport at San Antonio on to the Poblacion and its immediate
vicinity. This follows an almost grid-like pattern of streets with a pronounced
increase in density in its business district: around the public market and a short
stretch of J.P. Rizal Street (northern segment of the North-South Road). The
business district is characterized by low- to medium-intensity development: an
intersperse of one-storey to four-storey commercial buildings (the tallest is still
the Hotel Ma-Yi which stands at 6 storeys) with oftentimes sprawling
institutional establishments. Commercial activities are dominated by small
establishments engaged in retailing such as grocery stores, food stores,
housewares, clothes, shoes, slippers, gifts, hardware, auto supply, machine
shop, photo shop and appliances. Some offices of national government
agencies are also being located in these areas as tenants. Auto repair shops,
furniture makers shop, appliance repair shops, rice mills and feed mill
characterize industrial activities of the city. Recently, shopping malls,
appliance stores, furniture shops, hardware and medical/dental clinics are
being established along the North-South Road and in the vicinity of Roxas
Drive from Barangay Ilaya to Lumangbayan.

Residential areas flank the North-South Road and are characterized

more by a spreadsheet development pattern. For the last five years, several
low-cost subdivisions are developed in many parts of the city to cater the
housing needs of the city residents.

The City Plaza retains its role as the venue of gatherings for city fiesta
events, civic affairs and even sports activities. The Old City Hall is still used as
office space for other services of the City Government of Calapan. The old
Provincial Capitol is also renovated by the Provincial Government of Oriental
Mindoro to accommodate the provincial offices of DTI and the Civil Service
Commission. The Calapan Cathedral maintains its role as the center of
worship of Catholics under the Apostolic Vicariate of Calapan.

The City Hall Complex along the vicinity of Roxas Drive in Barangay
Guinobatan is now the seat of power of the City Government of Calapan. It
houses the offices for the executive and legislative branches of the local
government. The construction of other government offices is also on-going
which include the Hall of Justice, Commission on Audit, Philippine National
Police, Bureau of Fire Protection, Department of Interior and Local
Government, new City Health Center, Day Care Center and a new building
for the City College of Calapan. On the other portion of Roxas Drive in its
North-South Road lays the Oriental Mindoro Provincial Hospital. Other

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structures in the vicinity are offices of national government agencies such as

Office of the Congressional Representative, Department of Education,
National Bureau of Investigation, Register of Deeds, Philippine Drug
Enforcement Agency and Department of Information and Communication
Technology. Soon, the MIMAROPA Regional Government Center will also be
erected in this area. This Urban Expansion Area shall also be designated as
the institutional area that will host government offices, both regional and
national.

Verdant plains largely devoted to agricultural use characterize the

hinterland: rice, coconuts, banana, citrus and other diversified crops. Irrigated
paddy rice is the most common plant and this is extensively cultivated with an
average of two cropping per year. Rain-fed paddy rice areas are few and
are present only near the hills of Bulusan.

The eastern coastline is, on the other hand, characterized by beaches,

swamps and marshes. Beach areas are mainly planted with coconuts while
there are some resort establishments and settlement areas. Tourism-oriented
facilities have developed along the beaches of Suqui, Parang, Balite,
Pachoca and Mahal na Pangalan. Fishponds are being used for the culture
of milkfish and prawns. Mangrove and nipa areas are vegetated with palm
(nipa) and tree (bakawan) type plants.

A dominant feature of the hinterland is the hills of Bulusan at the base

of which may be found coconut, banana, citrus, coffee, fruit trees, pasture
grasses and some built-up areas. Rain-fed paddy rice is also present. The hill
itself has a forest area (Calapan Nature Park) but is mostly vegetated with
coconuts and shrubs. The mountain attraction includes the Calapan Nature
Park with its century - old trees. Settlements have also developed in the upper
regions of the hill.

The city has also declared the nearly four - hectare Calapan Nature
Park as a Public Park, thus, it has a protected area status.

3.1.5 Production Areas

3.1.5.1 Croplands

The Department of Agriculture has identified the Protected

Areas for Agriculture (PAA) which encompasses most of the city’s
alluvial plains. The agency grouped the city’s area according to three
classifications: a) those that are highly restricted from conversion
(irrigated lands, irrigable and efficient diversified croplands and

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present agri-industrial lands), b) those that are moderately restricted

from conversion (potential agri-industrial lands), and c) those that are
conditionally restricted from conversion (expansion areas, ecologically
fragile lands, built-up areas and non-agricultural use areas).

3.1.5.2 Fishing Grounds

The City has stressed the preference to marginal fishermen on

the utilization and exploitation of municipal waters and providing
regulations for the same. The same ordinance further clearly defined
the city’s waters to include not only the “streams, rivers, lakes and tidal
waters ...but also marine waters extending from the general coastline
... up to 15 kilometers towards the sea.” The Bantay Dagat Volunteer
Force under the Fishery Management Office is responsible for securing
the city’s fishing grounds, augmenting the traditional function of the
Philippine Coast Guard.

Calapan City and its people have long been dependent on the
aquatic resources for food. Fish, shrimps, crabs, oysters and other
fishery commodities has been a staple food for the Calapeños. Till
present day, the city still has high demands for these products and the
coastal resources can no longer sustain such demands thus
aquaculture provides the answer to that problem. The city has 456.2
hectares brackishwater fishpond and these areas can produce
aquatic commodities like milkfish, shrimps, prawns and crabs. These
products supplement the ever growing demand for fish and seafood.
The common cultivated commodities are milkfish (bangus), white
prawn (Peneaus vannamei), tiger prawn (sugpo), and mud crab
(alimango). It is cultivated through traditional methods but there are
some practices that are semi-intensive to intensive culture methods.
Most fishponds comprise of dug-out earthen ponds with wooden or
cemented water gates. Fishponds are most concentrated along the
riverbanks of the Baruyan River, spanning across the barangays of
Mahal na Pangalan, Wawa, Baruyan, Masipit and Tawagan. Some
fishponds are located in Brgy. Maidlang, Navotas, Gutad and Nag-iba.
The majority of the fish ponds can be found in Brgy. Masipit and the
top producing commodity is milkfish. The 7.99 hectares of freshwater
fishpond areas may be allotted for tilapia production.

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3.1.6 Regulatory Status and Land Use Policies

3.1.6.1Alienable and Disposable Lands

Per Community Environment and Natural Resources Office

(CENRO) official records, all lands in the city are classified as Alienable
and Disposable (A & D) with the exception of public easements along
surface water bodies as required by law. What could be of concern
here is the establishment of settlement sites along riverbanks and
coastal areas making them prone to environmental hazards. These
settlements have also been identified as major source of water
pollution.

3.1.6.2 The Existing Land Use Plan

The City Council has passed Resolution No. 230 - City Ordinance
No. 03-99 which adopted a Land Use Management System (LUMS) for
the City of Calapan and its Comprehensive Land Use Plan. The law has
provided guidelines for the administration, enforcement and
amendments of the CLUP.

The City’s Land Use Management System (LUMS) follows the

impact assessment and performance-based models. Rather than
observing the traditional “end-state, exclusionary zoning” model, the
LUMS allows for mixed-use developments within the various land use
classifications. Rather than specifying a long list of allowed and
disallowed uses, the LUMS treats all land uses as “uses by right” and
their ultimate acceptance relies on the evaluation procedures of the
system. These evaluation procedures rely on an impact assessment
that considers both positive and negative impacts of individual
projects on social, environmental, economic/fiscal as well as public
service considerations. Further, the LUMS is performance-based as it
provides guidelines on how a specific project should be developed in
relation to its environment and neighborhood.

The end-state model specifies absolute areas for residential,

commercial, institutional and other uses. The LUMS deviates from this
model since it artificially constrains the land market. Also, actual
experience show that the end-state model rarely works, especially in
the highly fluid urban fringe areas. Further, the deviation rests on the
principle that it is the individual landowner who ultimately decides on
the type of utilization of his property. Government’s exercise of its

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police power functions should be limited in ensuring that the general

welfare of the community is not compromised by individual decisions.

The plan divides Calapan City into four (4) zones, namely,
Downtown Zone (DZ), Midtown Zone (MZ), Urban Development Zone
(UDZ), and Environmental Conservation Zone (ECZ). The Downtown
Zone covers the old central business district of the city. A compact
type of development is encouraged in this zone and automatically
allowed uses include medium-intensity residential-commercial
developments, convenience and neighborhood stores as well as
detached residential units. The Midtown Zone is considered as the
residential district of the city. Low-intensity residential-commercial
developments as well as a variety of housing types are encouraged in
this area. Automatically allowed uses include single-detached
residential, cluster housing, as well as low-intensity commercial
establishments. The Urban Development Zone encourages medium to
high-intensity mixed-use developments. The Environmental
Conservation Zone is allotted for low intensity activities. Further, a sub-
zone is being introduced within the ECZ named as the Corridor Zone,
where it assures that developments are within the standards set by the
LUMS and it does not unduly overburden the roads serving them.

For the purpose of defining intensity, a set of land use intensity

control parameters for each zone is being implemented. These control
parameters are: percentage of land occupancy, floor area ratio and
building height limit.

3.1.6.3 Zoning Regulations

The City Council has passed Resolution No. 231 - City Ordinance
No. 04-99 which enacted the 1999 Zoning Ordinance of Calapan City.
The Zoning Ordinance is being enforced and administered by the
Local Chief Executive through the Zoning Administrator whose function
is now under the City Housing and Urban Settlements Department by
virtue of Resolution No. 534 City Ordinance No. 13 s. 2014 which
created the said department.

The law also allows the creation in the City Development

Council a sub-committee which shall act as the Local Zoning Board of
Appeals (LZBA). The committee shall act on applications on variances,
exceptions, non-conforming uses, complaints and oppositions to
application/s, and act on appeals on grant or denial of Locational
Clearance by the Zoning Administrator.

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The Local Zoning Review Committee (LZRC) is also created as a

sub-committee of the City Development Council to review the LUMS
for the determination of amendments or revisions necessary because
of changes that might have been introduced in the CLUP,
determination of changes to be introduced in the CLUP in the light of
permits given, and exceptions and variances granted, and
identification of provisions of the LUMS that are difficult to enforce or
are unworkable.

In case of changes in the LUMS as a result of the review by the

LZRC, it shall be treated as an amendment to the Ordinance, provided
that any amendment to the LUMS or provisions thereof shall be subject
to public hearing, review and evaluation of the LZRC and shall be
carried out through a resolution of three fourths vote of the
Sangguniang Panlungsod. In addition, the said amendments shall take
effect only after approval and authentication by the Sangguniang
Panlalawigan.

3.1.7 Sectoral Issues and Concerns

Based on the result of the situational analysis workshops, the

stakeholders have raised several issues and concerns regarding the land use,
economic, environmental, social and infrastructure development of the city.
They also have determined its implications/effects and the possible policy
options/interventions.

3.1.7.1 Land Use

Among the dominant issues raised during the sectoral

consultation concerning land use are the following: lack of parks and
functional open space where it has direct implication on maintaining
good relations among family members; no bicycle lanes provided
whereas provision of such can somehow ease traffic congestion in the
city proper; there are limited parking spaces for commercial
establishments and the lack of multi-modal terminal thereby causing
street congestion along main thoroughfares; and the conversion of
arable lands into either residential or commercial establishments.
Participants came up with policy interventions that include widening of
roads, strict enforcement of traffic rules, and provision of functional
open spaces and implementation/enforcement of relevant laws.

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Table 3.1 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends, 2017

Land Use Area (has.) Percent (%)

Residential 892 4.61
Agricultural 16808.96 86.82
Commercial 56.63 0.29
Industrial 35.91 0.19
Institutional 204.62 1.06
Forest (Mangrove) 359.17 1.86
Cooperative 6.26 0.03
Parks and Open Space 28.93 0.15
Tourism 371.67 1.92
Cemetery 2.93 0.02
Religious 44.57 0.23
Roads 183.95 0.95
Others 365.06 1.89
Total 19360.66 100.00
Source: City Assessor’s Department

Figure 3.1 Existing Land Use and Land Use Trends, 2017

Agricultural 16808.96
Residential 892
Tourism 371.67
Others 365.06
Forest (Mangrove) 359.17
Land Use

Institutional 204.62
Roads 183.95
Commercial 56.63
Religious 44.57
Industrial 35.91
Parks and Open Space 28.93
Cooperative 6.26
Cemetery 2.93

Area (ha)

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3.1.7.2 Infrastructure

The issues raised by this sector can be summed up to a single

idea: that is either lack or absence of infrastructure facilities that
support peace and order, economic growth and access and mobility.
The needed infrastructures in roads, event center, street lights and
additional school buildings reflect the peoples’ desire for better quality
of urban life here in Calapan City.

Map 3.1 Road Map

3.1.7.3 Social

In the social sector, issues range from inadequacy of health

facilities to the presence of informal settlers and the problem on
security against stray dogs. Policy interventions given include provisions
of the mentioned lacking facilities/equipment where the City may
have included them in its annual budget.

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3.1.7.4 Environmental

The issues here point out the need for the City Government to
further improve its facilities in compliance to RA 9003 or the Solid Waste
Mangement Act of 2009. This also calls for proper disposal and
management of solid wastes and mandating all barangays to comply
having their respective MRFs or Materials Recovery Facility established.
A treatment facility for waste water must also be installed.

3.1.7.5 Economic

One issue identified here is the relatively decreasing rice

production in relation to the lack of modern farming technology of the
farmers. This, however, is being addressed in the present
administration’s drive towards modernization through mechanization in
farming and subsidy for farmers in the form of distribution of hybrid
seeds and fertilizers. There is also a mention on fewer tourism sites that
need to be addressed immediately.

4. ECOSYSTEM ANALYSIS

4.1 Forest Resources

The only forest type in the city is the mangrove. More than a quarter of the
population is dependent on mangrove forest resources for their food, livelihood and
even life safety. The increasing dependence also increases the potential uses of
mangrove, thus, efficient land and water uses should be implemented to enable to
support the livelihood of coastal communities.

4.2 Existing Forest Land Use

4.2.1 Protection

The mangrove forest strip along Barangays Wawa, Mahal Na

Pangalan, Balite, Pachoca, Silonay, Parang, Gutad, Navotas, Maidlang and
Nag-iba serves as natural, permanent greenway along the coastal areas. It
serves as green barrier from coastal erosion, storm surge, typhoons and
tsunamis. Also, it functions as nursery and feeding sites of various marine
species. Further, it acts as carbon sink of the city’s carbon emission. Mangrove
ecosystems play an important role in maintaining water quality in estuaries

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because of its capacity for retention of sediments and heavy metals in

estuarine waters and filters organic sediments from agricultural activities.

4.2.2 Production

The mangroves along the lake ring of Caluangan (Baruyan, Tawagan,

Masipit and Canubing) used to be areas for aqua-silviculture and mariculture
activities integrating mangroves in ecosystem productivity. The Silonay and
Oriental Mindoro National High School Mangrove Eco-parks serve as eco-
tourism hub in Calapan City. Built public facilities such as boardwalks, bird
watching areas and butterfly sanctuary can all provide unique opportunity to
increase tourist offerings, both to residents and international visitors which in
turn generate an economic incentive for mangrove protection.

Mangrove and nipa abound the eastern coast especially within

barangays Navotas, Gutad, Maidlang and Silonay. Mangrove strips on the
northern part comprised of the Silonay Mangrove Eco-Park and Parang
Mangroves while the north-western mangrove strips are the Wawa, Mahal Na
Pangalan and Balite mangrove areas.

There are also patches of mangrove and nipa areas along the
Baruyan River and Caluangan Ring.

Calapan City is bound to implement strategies to ensure that this very

important forest ecosystem can be sustainably managed and protected.
These include mangrove forest profiling to secure database management;
build public awareness of mangrove significance, threats and issues and
opportunities of mangrove ecosystem changes. Public awareness and
education have unanimous support as a technique for changing attitudes
and building support for mangrove management. The role of public
education in mangrove ecosystem management is to promote awareness,
understanding, and new attitudes among both adults and children regarding
values and appropriate uses for these coastal resources. Securing support
from the academe sector is a tool to expedite forest resource management.
Mangroves tours, distribution of materials on local resources, small projects,
and encouraging communities to participate in the planning process can
eventually raise consciousness and responsibility on the management and
protection of the forest ecosystem; promotion of ecological tourism through
the provision of a natural, permanent greenway along coastal areas.

Tour guide and built public facilities such as boardwalks and

interpretive paths can provide a unique opportunity to expand tourist
offerings. The Oriental Mindoro National High School and Silonay Mangrove

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Eco-Park provide potential attractions along the mainland coast, both to

residents and to international visitors. This in turn creates an economic
incentive for mangrove protection; enhance alternative livelihood programs;
develop sustainable silvi-aquaculture system and mariculture alternatives in
estuaries; integrating mangroves in ecosystem productivity; zone mangrove
areas according to appropriate uses and prioritize optimal use to properly
implement mangrove management policies; restore mangrove area
hydrology and plant mangrove species at their appropriate habitat and
institute site-specific mangrove forest management; and enforce existing
conservation laws.

4.3 Coastal and Freshwater Resources

Calapan City has a total coastal area of 34.6 kilometers offering vast fish
catch to its coastal dwellers. However, the fishery resources still encounter great
pressure because of the growing population. In order to reverse this trend and
ensure the sustainable development of the city’s coastal areas, the Fisheries
Management Office has started to work with communities to develop and manage
the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs).

The crafting of the Integrated Coastal Resources Management Plan (ICRMP)

is on its way to completion. This will comprehensively discuss all the protection,
development management strategies for Calapan City coastal and marine
resources.

The coastal areas are located in barangays Wawa, Mahal na Pangalan,

Balite, Pachoca, Tibag, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Calero, San Rafael, San Antonio,
Lazareto, Suqui, Parang, Maidlang, and Navotas.

The Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) conducted for Calapan
City assessed its vulnerability to the potential impacts of change in climate variables
using Climate Impact Chain diagrams. The analysis was done using a ridge-to-reef
approach which covered the different sectors of the city namely: (a) agriculture, (b)
urban areas, and (c) coastal areas. The findings were validated with the technical
working group and the barangay level to determine which impacts are actually
happening or which can possibly occur in the future.

4.4 Policies and program intervention for the protection and management of coastal
and marine resources

The establishment of Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) is imperative in order to

protect the habitat of fishes that serves as breeding ground for their growth and
reproduction. The maintenance of these areas increases the chance to withstand

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climate change and certain hazards. Mangroves serve as natural barriers to protect
coastal communities from storm surge and tsunami. The common livelihood source
such as fish pens and fishponds which are identified to be highly vulnerable to the
said hazards and the protection and management of mangrove forests could
decrease the risk of damages to the aqua-culture and mari-culture industries in the
city.

It is unfortunate that the proliferation of unregulated fish pens increases the

potential damages of natural hazards such as flooding, storm surge, and tsunami.
Proper zoning of fish pens can minimize the areas at risk against tsunami and storm
surge. Continuous conduct of livelihood trainings for fisherfolks and other coastal
dwellers will minimize pressure on coastal resources extraction. Proper guidance and
the provision of technical knowledge will equip them with additional income sources
to cope with the challenges of climate adjustments.

Environmental education and information drive will be constantly

implemented in partnership with various sectors like the academe and Non-
Government Organizations (NGOs) in the form of print, video and audio campaigns.
Quiz-bee competitions, poster-making and mural painting contests, community
meetings and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) are alternative information tools to
educate the people.

Persistent implementation of international, national and local policies will

serve as guiding instrument and reminder of the community to adhere with the rules
and guidelines of coastal resources protection and conservation.

4.5 Conservation Areas

A Marine Protected Area (MPA) is part of the coastal waters sited for
protection and governed by specific rules and guidelines for fishing. Here, all
extractive activities are prohibited. It is a viable ecosystem for fishes, sea-grasses,
corals, and other fishery resources. The common benefits of MPAs include protecting
and rehabilitating critical habitats (e.g. coral reefs, sea-grass beds, and mangroves),
biodiversity conservation and improving the capability of ecosystems to adapt to
disturbances in the environment such as climate change and replenishing fish
stocks. Furthermore, MPAs can be used as tools to promote education, research
and eco-tourism. The establishment of MPAs increases the chance of species and
ecosystem to withstand climate change and environmental hazards.

There are three MPAs declared in Calapan City: the Harka Piloto Fish
Sanctuary has a total area of 37 hectares and is located in Barangay Lazareto near
the Anaganahao island; the Silonay Mangrove Conservation and Eco-park is
located in Barangay Silonay and has a total area of 41 hectares; while Calero-

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Salong Sea-grass and Corals is located in the coastal areas of barangays Calero
and San Rafael and has a total area of 107 hectares.

The identified conservation management strategies for these MPAs include

the need for environmental information and education campaign, strict
implementation of local and national policies and the provision of alternative
livelihood for fisherfolks.

5. SOCIAL SECTOR

5.1 Education

The projected enrollees for elementary, junior and senior high school for 2030
are 24,558, 13,117, and 3,927, respectively. With these figures, the projected demand
for classrooms is 116 classrooms with 45 pupils for elementary level while it is
evaluated that there is an oversupply of 48 classrooms in the junior high, and 26
classrooms in senior high since there are private institutions that also provide junior
and senior high schools. The scarcity of classrooms in elementary level is due to the
volume of students emanating from the neighboring towns of Baco and Naujan who
opted to enroll in Calapan City. The K-12 Program also contributed to this concern.

It is established that Calapan City has the quality of education sought not only
by the locals but also by people all over Oriental Mindoro. Even in the earlier
decades, a number of students from neighboring towns have opted enrolling here
believing that a better standard is provided by the city’s academic institutions, thus
studying in the capital city has become a status symbol already. And with the on-
going innovations and institutionally-adaptive programs, it is expected that more and
more students will be coming over, from the sister province Occidental Mindoro and
from the MIMAROPA region especially with the operation of the Regional
Government Centre with which the number of migrants is anticipated to increase.

As of 2017, there are 65 elementary schools of which 49 are public and 16 are
private, 23 are in secondary level with 11 public and 12 private, while there are a
total of 10 colleges in the locality.

Summing up the educational situation, it is apparent that the City Government

continuously strives in providing young citizens exceptionally good advantage in this
aspect in the pursuit of preparing them competitively well for the future. However,
while improving areas in academics, moral and spiritual values, ethics and civility
must also be injected conscientiously to the threadwork of the youth’s formation. This
is the primary key to producing responsible and disciplined citizens, and is a

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transcendental obligation that lies in the very hands of the basic institutions of
society: home, church, school and the government itself.

Table 5.1 below shows the current proportion of students per teacher and classroom
by levels in public and private schools for SY 2017-2018. Student-teacher ratio for the
public schools, elementary is 1:30, 1:26 for junior high school and 1:39 for senior high
school and 1:35 ratio of student-classroom for elementary and 1:46 for junior/senior
high school. For private schools, student-teacher ratio is 1:16 for elementary, 1:26 for
junior high school and 1:47 for senior high school with 1:16, 1:34 and 1:42 student-
classroom ratio respectively for each level. Figure 5.1 shows sub-total ratio for the
same data.

Table 5.5 provides the estimated demand for classrooms in 2020, 2025 and 2030 in the
elementary, junior high school and senior high school levels.

Table 5.1. Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio by Level, SY 2017-2018

STUDE
ENROLLMENT NO. OF NO. OF NT/
STUDENT/CLASS
TYPE/ LEVEL TEACH CLASSRO TEACH
ROOM RATIO
M F TOTAL ERS OMS ER
RATIO
Public
Elemen
525 30.87
tary 9,694 9,076 18,770 608 35.75

Junior
High 5,160 5,082 10,242 384
267 26.67
46.55
School
Senior Included in
Included in the ratio
the number
High 1009 1178
2,187
55
of rooms for
39.76 of student/rooms for
JHS
School JHS

Sub Total 15863 15336 31199 1047 792 97.31 82.30

Private
Elemen
1029 1034 2063 123 127 16.77 16.24
tary
Junior
High 825 819 1644 61 26.95 34.98

School 47
Senior
High 1717 1875 3592 76 47.26 42.26

School 85
Sub Total 3571 3728 7299 260 259 90.99 93.48

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STUDE
ENROLLMENT NO. OF NO. OF NT/
STUDENT/CLASS
TYPE/ LEVEL TEACH CLASSRO TEACH
ROOM RATIO
M F TOTAL ERS OMS ER
RATIO
Public
SUC
Junior
High 63 88 151 4 9 37.75 16.78

School
Senior
High 80 77 157 6 14 26.17 11.21

School
Sub Total 143 165 308 10 23 63.92 27.99
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2017

Figure 5.1. Student-Teacher and Student-Classroom Ratio, SY 2017-2018

97.30722189
93.48164142
90.98633529
82.30294275

63.91666667

27.99206349

STUDENT/ TEACHER RATIO STUDENT/CLASSROOM RATIO

Public Private SUC

Table 5.2 shows tertiary and vocational/technical schools in Calapan City with total
enrollment for SY 2017-2018. It highlights susceptibility of each school to type of
hazards such as Flood (Fl), Tropical Cyclone (Tc), Earthquake (Eq), Volcano (Vo),
Landslide (Ln), Tsunami (Ts), Storm Surge (Su), and others. Generally, all schools
registered low (L) susceptibility to all types of hazards except for Southwestern Luzon

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Maritime Institute Foundation and Filipino Academy of Science Trades with high (H)
susceptibility to storm surge (Su) and AMA Computer Learning Center with medium
(M) also to storm surge relevant to its proximity to Calapan Bay area . Mindoro State
College of Agriculture & Technology has M (medium) susceptibility to FL (flood) since
the barangay where it is located is a floodplain area. All schools have a medium
susceptibility to earthquake (Eq) attributed to the presence of a portion of the
Aglubang River Fault traversing some barangays in the city.

Table 5.2. Tertiary and Vocational/ Technical Schools by Type and Total Enrollment,
SY 2017-2018

Total Hazard Susceptibility

Location
Name of School Ownership Enrollm (H/M/L)
(Brgy)
ent Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su

City
Roxas Drive,
1 College of Public 370 L L M L L L L
Guinobatan
Calapan
CLCC
Institute
J. P. Rizal St.
2 Computer, Private 141 L L M L L L L
Camilmil
Arts &
Technology
Mindoro
State
College of J. P. Rizal St.
3 Public 2452 M L M L L L L
Agriculture Masipit
&
Technology
AMA
J. P. Rizal St.
Computer
4 San Vicente Private 141 L L M L L L M
Learning
South
Center

St. Anthony J. P. Rizal St.

5 Private 2132 L L M L L L L
College Camilmil

Southweste
rn Luzon
6 Maritime Salong Private 531 L L M L M L H
Institute
Foundation

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Total Hazard Susceptibility

Location
Name of School Ownership Enrollm (H/M/L)
(Brgy)
ent Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
Divine Infantado
Word St., San
7 Private 2080 L L M L L L L
College of Vicente
Calapan West

Luna Goco J. P. Rizal St.

8 Private L L M L L L L
Colleges Lalud

Filipino
Academy
9 Salong Private 70 L L M L L L H
of Science
Trades
Internation
al
Technologi Roxas Drive,
10 cal Institute Lumangbay Private 204 L L M L L L L
of Arts & an
Tourism
(ITECH)
Total 8121
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2017

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Table 5.3.Projected Classroom, Teacher Requirements in Public and Private Schools by Level
Level Planning Period
Projected
2017-2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Enrollment
Public
Elementary 18770 19040 19314 19593 19875 20161 20451 20746 21044 21348 21655
Elementary
525 533 540 548 556 564 572 580 589 597 606
(Classroom)
Elementary
608 617 626 635 644 653 662 672 682 691 701
(Teacher)
Junior High School 10393 10543 10694 10848 11005 11163 11324 11487 11652 11820 11990
JHS
290 294 298 303 307 311 316 321 325 330 335
(Classroom)
JHS
388 394 399 405 411 417 423 429 435 441 448
(Teacher)
Senior High School 2344 2378 2412 2447 2482 2518 2554 2591 2628 2666 2704
Included Included Included Included Included Included Included Included Included Included
Included in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the in the
SHS
number of number of number of number of number of number of number of number of number of number of number of
(Classroom) rooms for JHS rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for rooms for
JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS JHS
SHS
61 62 63 64 65 66 66 67 68 69 70
(Teacher)
Private
Elementary 2063 2093 2123 2153 2184 2216 2248 2280 2313 2346 2380
Elementary
127 129 131 133 134 136 138 140 142 144 147
(Classroom)

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Level Planning Period

Projected
2017-2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028
Enrollment
Elementary
123 125 127 128 130 132 134 136 138 140 142
(Teacher)
Junior High School 1644 1668 1692 1716 1741 1766 1791 1817 1843 1870 1897
JHS
47 48 48 49 50 50 51 52 53 53 54
(Classroom)
JHS
61 62 63 64 65 66 66 67 68 69 70
(Teacher)
Senior High School 3592 3644 3696 3749 3803 3858 3914 3970 4027 4085 4144
SHS
85 86 87 89 90 91 93 94 95 97 98
(Classroom)
SHS
76 77 78 79 80 82 83 84 85 86 88
(Teacher)

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Figure 5.2. Projected Classroom, Teacher Requirements in Figure 5.3. Projected Classroom, Teacher Requirements in
Public Schools by Level Private Schools by Level
800 160

700 140

600 120

500 100

400 80

300 60

200 40

100 20

0 0

Elementary (Classroom) JHS (Classroom) Elementary (Classroom) JHS (Classroom)

SHS (Classroom) Elementary (Teacher) SHS (Classroom) Elementary (Teacher)
JHS (Teacher) SHS (Teacher) JHS (Teacher) SHS (Teacher)

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Table 5.4 shows enrollment history by level for the past five (5) school years. Increase/decrease rate in enrollment fluctuated for
elementary and junior HS. A 100% increase in senior HS on SY 2016-2017 that consequently caused the decrease by 10.1%
enrollment rate and 15.37% in tertiary level for the last two consecutive school years due to implementation of K-12 Program. A
graphical presentation of the same data is shown in Figure 5.4.

Table 5.4. Historical Enrollment by Level for the Past Five School Years
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018
% % % %
LEVEL Decre Decre Decre Decre
M F Total M F Total ase or M F Total ase or M F Total ase or M F Total ase or
Increa Increa Increa Increa
se se se se

ELEMENTARY -3.18 9881 9056 18937 18.42 9942 9626 19568 3.33 10723 10110 20833 6.46
9,053 7,465 16,518 8,409 7,583 15,992

JUNIOR HIGH
0.64 5629 5875 11504 0.46 5669 5902 11570 0.58 6048 5989 12037 4.03
SCHOOL 5,553 5,825 11,378 5,596 5,855 11,451

SENIOR HIGH
- - - - - - - - - - - 2737 3015 5812 100 2806 3130 5936 2.13
SCHOOL

TERTIARY - - 6895 6933 0.55 10674 53.96 9596 -10.1 8121 -15.37

Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2014 to 2017

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Figure 5.4. Historical Enrollment by Level for the Past Five School Years
No. of Students/ Pupil 25,000

20,000

15,000

10,000

5,000

-
ELEMENTARY JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL TERTIARY
School Level
2013-2014 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018

Table 5.5. Projected Demand for Classrooms, 2020, 2025 and 2030

DEMAND FOR CLASSROOMS 2020 2025 2030

Elementary 52 84 116
Secondary (68) (58) (48)
Senior High (37) (32) (25)
*-negative value means no need for classroom.

Table 5.6 and Figure 5.5 show history of enrollment participation rate which is
equivalent to enrollees of school-age range to the total population of that age
range. A steady increase in EPR is observed from SY 2013-2014 (65.73%) up to SY
2017-2018 (77.84%).

Table 5.6 Historical Enrollment Participation Rate for the Past Five (5) Years

Year Enrollment Participation Rate (EPR)

2017-2018 77.84

2016-2017 77.4

2015-2016 75.33

2014-2015 65.79

2013-2014 65.73

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Figure 5.5 Historical Enrollment Participation Rate for the Past Five (5) Years

75.33
77.84 77.4

65.79 65.73

2017-2018 2016-2017 2015-2016 2014-2015 2013-2014

School Year

5.2 Health

Currently, 584 beds are at hand tendered by seven (7) hospitals in the city.
The construction of a state-of-the-art, private medical facility is on-going in Barangay
Masipit. The Basic Emergency Obstetrics and Newborn Care Center (BEMONC)
situated at Barangay San Vicente West can now accommodate public health care
regarding labor, delivery and postpartum activities of women. This care center is
operated by the City Government of Calapan through the City Health and
Sanitation Department. As it would seem, private hospitals tender modern amenities
and high quality specialized medical services.

With the medical health facilities and service capacities available, the
general health situation in terms of different health indicator such as fertility,
morbidity and mortality are shown in Table 5.7 from year 2014 to 2018. Figure 5.6
illustrates decreasing rate in crude birth rate of 17.82% for 2014-2015, 15.52% for 2016,
13.42% for 2017 and 13.57% for 2018. To illustrate, in 2018, there are 13.57 births for
every 1,000 people in the city. As to crude death, the number of deaths from 2014
and 2015 (417 deaths) almost doubled in year 2016 to 2018 (801 average death) as
shown on Figure 5.7.

Table 5.7. General Health Situation for the Past Five Years
No. of Deaths
Health Indicator
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate No. Rate
Fertility
Crude Birth Rates (CBR) 2354 17.82 2354 17.82 2111 15.52 1954 13.42 1891 13.57
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
Morbidity 10430 7895.96 10430 7895.96 12234 8810.78 8724 5991.95 8679 6229.09

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No. of Deaths
Health Indicator
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
General Medical
Consultative Rate
Hospitalization Rate
Mortality 501 379.26 501 379.26 567 409.67 558 383.2 685 552.74
Crude Death Rate
(CDR) 417 5.76 417 5.76 806 5.92 795 5.46 802 5.75
Proportioned Mortality
Rate (PMR)
Infant Mortality Rate
(IMR) 49 22.93 49 22.93 41 30.15 40 2 42 0.29
Young Child Mortality
Rate (YCMR) 57 24.21 57 24.21 49 36.04 48 32.9 53 40.05
Maternal Mortality Rate
(MMR) 0 0 0 0 1 0.73 1 0.68 0 0
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2014 to 2018

Figure 5.6. General Health Situation for the Past Five Years: Crude Birth Rate (CBR)

2354 2354
2111
1954 1891

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Year

Figure 5.7. General Health Situation for the Past Five Years: Crude Death Rate (CDR)

806 795 802

417 417

2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Year

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Table 5.8. Medical Health Facilities and Personnel, Year 2018

Personel
Capacity Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Name of (No.)
Brgy (No. of
Health Facility
Beds) D N Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su

Hospital
Luna- Goco
Medical Lalud 30 13 15 L L L-M L L L L
Center
Sta. Maria Sta.
Village Clinic, Maria 25 4 15 L L L-M L L L L
Inc. Village
Oriental
Mindoro Sta.
360 87 190 L L L-M L L L L
Provincial Isabel
Hospital
Children's
Salong 10 2 4 L L-M L L H H
Hospital
Maria Estrella
General Tawiran 95 72 280 H L L-M L L L L
Hospital
Hospital of
Ilaya 30 44 13 L L L-M L L L L
the Holy Cross
MMG Hospital
Tawiran 50 110 47 L L L-M L L L L
(Cooperative)
Total 600 332 564

Table 5.9 .Projected Beds, Personnel Requirements in Hospitals

No. No. PROJECTED BED AND PERSONNELS
No. of
Medical Addre of of BEDS DOCTORS NURSES
NO. Name Docto
Director ss Bed Nurs
rs 2025 2030 2025 2030 2025 2030
s es
Dr. Mario
Luna- Augusto
Goco
1 Lorman L. Lalud 30 13 27 32 35 14 15 29 31
Medical
Center Goco

Dr.
Sta. Vicente
Maria
2 JeroniMo SMV 25 4 15 27 29 4 5 16 17
Village
Hospital l. Santos

Oriental Dr. Dante

Sta.
3 Mindoro A. Nuestro 400 69 118 430 461 74 80 127 136
Isabel
Provinci
al

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No. No. PROJECTED BED AND PERSONNELS

No. of
Medical Addre of of BEDS DOCTORS NURSES
NO. Name Docto
Director ss Bed Nurs
rs 2025 2030 2025 2030 2025 2030
s es
Hospital
Childre Dr.
n's Christian
Health
4 Benjamin Salong 10 2 3 11 12 2 2 3 3
Care
Family K. Lim
Clinic
Dr.
Maria Melinda
Estrella Tawira
5 Corazon 95 72 280 102 110 77 83 301 323
General n
Hospital Goco

Dr.
Hospital Renato
of the
6 Jose M. Ilaya 30 44 15 32 35 47 51 16 17
Holy
Cross Priela

MMG Dr. Claro

Hospital Tawira
7 M. Reyes 50 110 47 54 58 118 127 50 54
(Cooper n
ative)
Total 640 315 505

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As of 2018, data shows from Table 5.10 that the top three (3) leading causes of mortality are cardiovascular diseases, cancer,
degenerative diseases with the rate of 106.22%, 93.30% and 93.30% respectively. On the other hand for morbidity rate, acute
respiratory system tops all diseases with 2,305.30%.
Table 5.10. Top Leading Causes of Mortality for the Past Five Years

Causes 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate
M
1 Acute Renal Failure/Kidney 20 16 36 27.25 20 16 36 27.25 24 11 35 25.74 17 17 34 23.35 11 11 22 15.78

2 Cancer (All Forms) 27 23 50 37.85 27 23 50 37.85 45 28 73 53.69 35 30 65 44.64 71 59 130 93.30

3 Cardiovascular Diseases 86 62 148 106.22

4 Cerebro Vascular Dse. 26 23 49 37.09 26 23 49 37.09 32 18 50 36.77 37 16 53 36.4 35 12 47 35.51

5 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dse 27 8 35 26.49 27 8 35 26.49 27 2 29 21.33 22 16 38 26.09 28 11 39 27.99

6 Degenerative Diseases 27 51 78 59.04 27 51 78 59.04 19 50 69 50.75 17 36 53 36.4 17 31 48 93.30

7 Diabetes Mellitus 24 16 40 30.28 24 16 40 30.28 27 19 46 33.83 43 34 77 55.26

8 Hypertension 33 19 52 38.25 21 15 36 24.72

9 Hypertensive Cardiovascular Dse 41 26 67 50.75 41 26 67 50.75 20 28 48 32.96

10 Myocardial Infarction 35 22 57 43.15 35 22 57 43.15 56 27 83 53.69 29 24 53 36.4

11 Pneumonia 41 27 68 51.47 41 27 68 51.47 56 39 95 69.88 64 34 98 67.31 44 37 81 58.13

12 PTB 18 3 21 15.89 18 3 21 15.89 36 12 48 33.25

13 Sepsis 29 16 45 34

14 Septicemia 21 14 35 25.74 33 18 51 35.02

15 Vehicular Accident 28 1 29 19.91

Total 501 501 567 558 685

Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2014 to 2018

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2018-2027
Calapan City

Figure 5.8. Top Leading Causes of Mortality for the Past Five Years

29
Vehicular Accident

51
Septicemia 35

45
Sepsis

48
PTB 21
21
81
98
Pneumonia 95
68
68
53
Myocardial Infarction 83
57
57
48
Hypertensive Cardiovascular Dse
67
67
36
Hypertension 52

77
0
Diabetes Mellitus 46
40
40
48
53
Degenerative Diseases 69 78
78
39
38
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Dse 29
35
35
47
53
Cerebro Vascular Dse. 50
49
49
148
Cardiovascular Diseases

130
65
Cancer (All Forms) 73
50
50
22 34 35
Acute Renal Failure/Kidney 36
36

2018 2017 2016 2015 2014

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Table 5.11. Top Leading Causes of Morbidity for the Past Five Years
No. of Deaths
Causes 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
M F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate M F Total Rate
Acute Respiratory
1 Infection 2268 2237 4505 3410.5 2268 2237 4505 3411 2461 2794 5255 3866 1526 1558 3084 2118.2 1527 1685 3212 2305.3
Disorders of the
2 Urinary System 334 626 960 726.76 334 626 960 726.8 345 765 1110 816.5 281 593 874 600.29 329 799 1128 809.59

3 Hypertension 109 226 335 253.61 109 226 335 253.6 120 299 419 308.2 276 420 696 478.04 255 490 745 534.70

4 Animal Bite Cases 761 678 1439 1089.4 761 678 1439 1089 748 697 1445 1063 623 777 1400 961.57 342 387 729 523.22

5 Minor Injuries 354 253 607 459.52 354 253 607 459.5 282 281 563 414.1 541 370 911 625.71 483 321 804 577.05
Dermatological
6 Disorders 334 380 714 540.53 334 380 714 540.5 331 364 695 508.3 177 171 348 239.02 271 350 621 445.70

7 PTB 435 228 663 501.92 435 228 663 501.9 378 249 627 461.2 394 232 626 429.96 355 163 518 371.78

8 Pneumonia 278 288 566 428.48 278 288 566 428.5 383 402 785 577.5 202 244 446 306.33 132 170 302 216.75

9 Diarrheal Diseases 165 181 346 261.93 165 181 346 261.9 95 73 168 115.38
Acute
10 Gastroenteritis 100 116 216 155.02

11 Acute Bronchitis 122 130 252 81 90 171 117.44 115 113 228 163.64

12 Diabetes Mellitus 59 117 176 126.31

Acute Tonsilo-
13 pharyngitis 133 162 295 223.32 133 162 295 223.3 140 295 435 320
Hypertensive
14 Cardiovascular Dse 113 257 370 272.2

15 Wound 185 93 278 204.4

Total 10430 10430 12234 8724 8679
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2014 to 2018

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In terms of children’s health and wellness, the data in Table 5.12 presents the
number of malnourished children in various nutritional statuses from 2015 to 2019.
Most cases are recorded under underweight/severely underweight and
stunted/severely stunted. Figure 5.9 shows decrease in underweight/severely
underweight prevalence with 1,145 cases in 2015 and fewer cases to 469 in 2019. For
stunted/severely stunted, from 2,771 cases on 2015, it decreased to 928 in 2019.
Minimal cases for wasted and overweight are also shown below.

Table 5.12. Malnourished Children for the Past Five Years

Nutritional
2015 % 2016 % 2017 % 2018 % 2019 %
Status
Underweight/
Severely 1145 6.50% 885 5.12% 766 4.46% 644 4.46% 463 3.56%
Underweight
Stunted/
Severely 2771 15.75% 2423 14.02% 1340 7.81% 1186 7.10% 928 7.13%
Stunted
Wasted/
Severely 551 3.31% 468 2.71% 398 2.60% 388 2.70% 289 2.21%
Wasted
Overweight 235 13.30% 167 0.96% 213 1.24% 211 1.26% 233 1.79%
Source: City Health and Sanitation Department

Figure 5.9. Malnourished Children for the Past Five Years

3000

2500 Underweight/
Severely
2000 Underweight
Stunted/ Severely
Number

1500 Stunted

1000 Wasted/ Severely

Wasted
500
Overweight
0
2015 2016 2017 2018
Nutritional Status

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Table 5.13 shows the existing cemeteries and Memorial Parks in the city. There are
currently two (2) cemeteries operated by the City Government as part of its
economic enterprise. Three (3) memorial parks are privately – run while there is one
(1) managed by the local Catholic Church and is intended as burying ground for
deceased Roman Catholics.

Table 5.13. Cemeteries and Memorial Park, Year 2018

Name of
Cemetery/ Brgy. Ownership Remarks
Memorial Park
Calapan
Municipal Lalud Public
Cemetery
New Municipal
Tawiran Public
Cemetery
Calapan Catholic Exclusive for
Lazareto Private
Cemetery Catholics
Holy Gardens Lalud Private

Divine Mercy Lazareto Private

Calapan Memorial
Tawiran Private
Garden

In terms of sanitary practices in the use of toilet facilities (Table 5.14), majority of
households in all barangays composed of 96.63% of the total households or a total
of 19,389 households use sanitary type toilet facility (own flush, shared flush and
closed pit latrine), while there are about 3.36% unsanitary toilet facilities still being
used mostly in rural barangays by 675 households.

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Table 5.14. Number of Households in Occupied Housing Units by Type of Toilet

Facilities, Year 2014
Type of Toilet Facility (No.)
Sanitary Unsanitary
Barangay Ow Close
Share Open No
n d Pit Drop/Over
d TOTAL Pit Facility TOTAL
Flus Latrin hang
Flush Latrine / Field
h e
Balingayan 258 18 21 297 1 0 2 3

Balite 558 71 9 638 0 1 10 11

Baruyan 533 35 2 570 1 0 11 12

Batino 244 35 10 289 4 0 28 32

Bayanan I 154 2 0 156 0 0 0 0

Bayanan II 437 81 18 536 2 0 2 4

Biga 384 26 3 413 1 0 22 23

Bondoc 30 13 13 56 2 0 3 5

Bucayao 355 79 16 450 3 0 12 15

Buhuan 145 29 7 181 1 0 6 7

Bulusan 219 49 14 282 4 0 1 5

Calero 136 28 9 173 1 0 1 2

Camansihan 412 43 11 466 2 1 61 64

Camilmil 461 62 1 524 0 0 8 8

100
Canubing I 22 2 1024 2 0 0 2
0
Canubing II 473 37 40 550 9 0 31 40

Comunal 371 36 6 413 4 1 12 17

Guinobatan 302 69 6 377 3 0 6 9

Gulod 112 14 6 132 1 0 12 13

Gutad 178 65 1 244 0 0 22 22

Ibaba East 200 24 0 224 0 2 0 2

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Type of Toilet Facility (No.)

Sanitary Unsanitary
Barangay Ow Close
Share Open No
n d Pit Drop/Over
d TOTAL Pit Facility TOTAL
Flus Latrin hang
Flush Latrine / Field
h e
Ibaba West 493 46 0 539 0 0 1 1

Ilaya 200 28 8 236 0 0 3 3

Lalud 340 26 1 367 0 0 3 3

Lazareto 358 148 19 525 1 3 9 13

Libis 158 24 4 186 0 0 0 0

Lumangbay
347 29 0 376 0 1 1 2
an
Mahal na
230 10 0 240 0 0 0 0
Pangalan
Maidlang 153 44 9 206 0 1 17 18

Malad 151 14 0 165 0 0 4 4

Malamig 260 6 4 270 4 0 36 40

Managpi 427 33 13 473 2 1 42 45

Masipit 263 46 1 310 2 2 4 8

Nag-Iba I 169 38 8 215 0 0 13 13

Nag-Iba II 490 102 8 600 2 42 16 60

Navotas 74 41 3 118 0 0 36 36

Pachoca 557 56 5 618 1 3 3 7

Palhi 106 24 3 133 1 0 3 4

Pangalaan 93 8 1 102 0 0 0 0

Parang 256 44 5 305 0 0 0 0

Patas 183 21 2 206 0 1 0 1

Personas 190 10 7 207 1 0 18 19

Puting Tubig 246 24 3 273 1 0 23 24

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Type of Toilet Facility (No.)

Sanitary Unsanitary
Barangay Ow Close
Share Open No
n d Pit Drop/Over
d TOTAL Pit Facility TOTAL
Flus Latrin hang
Flush Latrine / Field
h e
San Antonio 205 65 9 279 0 0 2 2

San Rafael 102 37 5 144 0 0 0 0

San Vicente
83 13 0 96 0 0 2 2
Central
San Vicente
98 14 0 112 0 0 0 0
East
San Vicente
133 21 1 155 2 2 7 11
North
San Vicente
137 11 0 148 0 0 0 0
South
San Vicente
112 19 0 131 0 0 0 0
West
Sapul 465 61 7 533 2 0 33 35

Silonay 235 32 1 268 0 0 5 5

Sta. Cruz 109 21 6 136 0 0 3 3

Sta. Isabel 400 89 1 490 0 0 3 3

Sta. Maria
293 22 0 315 0 0 0 0
Village
Sta. Rita 332 27 0 359 0 0 0 0

Sto. Niño 306 45 3 354 2 0 5 7

Suqui 138 18 3 159 0 0 1 1

Tawagan 213 3 1 217 0 0 0 0

Tawiran 192 21 1 214 0 0 2 2

Tibag 345 66 1 412 0 0 7 7

Wawa 175 27 0 202 0 0 0 0

TOTAL 2272 338 19389 62 61 552 675

Source: CBMS 2014

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5.3 Housing

As a vital link of Luzon to Western Visayas islands, the City of Calapan is not
free from the increasing demand for new housing units. Natural population growth
and in-migration easily contribute to the increasing housing demand. The projected
number of households for 2030 is 42,209. For the establishment of the Regional
Government Center in the city, housing requirements is inevitable especially with
regard to the relocation of employees from the Regional Line Agencies (RLAs)
moving into the locality in addition to the existing informal settlers in both public and
private lands where almost half of them are situated in danger zones. The local
government in partnership with the private sector needs to undertake housing
programs and projects covering houses and lots or home lots for the underprivileged
and homeless families. Land supply for housing, as estimated, can still
accommodate the increasing demand for it.

Table 5.15 provides the projected number of households in Calapan City for 2020,
2025 and 2030.
Table 5.15. Projected Number of Households
Barangay 2020 2025 2030
Balingayan 354 379 406
Balite 866 919 976
Baruyan 715 722 728
Batino 386 398 410
Bayanan I 253 260 267
Bayanan II 761 845 938
Biga 512 513 513
Bondoc 187 385 791
Bucayao 636 695 759
Buhuan 234 276 325
Bulusan 1568 2507 4011
Calero 198 119 72
Camansihan 572 590 610
Camilmil 1027 1059 1093
Canubing I 946 1002 1062
Canubing II 855 927 1004
Comunal 776 838 904
Guinobatan 1099 1425 1848
Gulod 210 219 228
Gutad 268 264 261
Ibaba East 220 220 221
Ibaba West 668 727 792
Ilaya 867 856 844
Lalud 1062 1202 1360
Lazareto 1190 1345 1521
Libis 404 447 495
Lumang
1417 1586 1777
Bayan

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Barangay 2020 2025 2030

Mahal Na
351 403 463
Pangalan
Maidlang 271 286 302
Malad 187 185 183
Malamig 500 562 630
Managpi 637 655 674
Masipit 835 925 1025
Nag-Iba I 226 209 193
Nag-Iba II 441 518 609
Navotas 206 236 272
Pachoca 848 893 940
Palhi 546 557 569
Panggalaan 125 133 142
Parang 724 789 860
Patas 179 164 150
Personas 299 296 292
Puting Tubig 351 357 362
San Antonio 760 788 816
San Rafael 1035 1427 1967
San Vicente
86 77 69
Central
San Vicente
168 143 121
East
San Vicente
184 191 198
North
San Vicente
123 120 116
South
San Vicente
136 126 117
West
Santa Maria
407 437 470
Village
Sapul 735 756 777
Silonay 353 389 428
Sta. Cruz 148 140 133
Sta. Isabel 1013 1129 1258
Sta. Rita
447 476 506
(Bungahan)
Sto. Nino 820 876 936
Suqui 538 578 621
Tawagan 300 315 331
Tawiran 570 618 670
Tibag 549 570 592
Wawa 203 200 196
TOTAL 33,553 37,251 42,209

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Table 5.16 shows that in year 2015, the total number of households in the city is
30,734 occupying 30,324 housing units or a ratio of 1.01 household for every one (1)
housing unit. The housing situation shows that from year 2010 to 2015 there is an
increase of household population of 7.6% with 12.33% increase in occupied housing
units, the ratio is 1:1.01.
Table 5.16. Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years
2007 2010 2015
% % %
2000
No. Increase/ No. Increase/ No. Increase/
Decrease Decrease Decrease
Households
20929 25137 27242 30734
(HH) 20.11 8.37 12.82
Household
105910 116399 123480 132864
Population 9.90 6.08 7.60
Housing Units
20783 24893 26995 30324
(HU) 19.78 8.44 12.33

Occupied HU 20776 24893 26995 30324

19.82 8.44 12.33

Vacant Hu 7 0 -100 0 0 0 0

Ratio of HH to
1.01 1.01 1 1.01
Occupied HU
Ratio of HH
Population to 5.08 4.68 4.60 4.38
Occupied HU
Source: PSA Census 2000, 2007, 2010 and 2015

Figure 5.10. Housing Situation for the Past Three Censal Years
30324 30734
26995 27242
24893 25137

20776 20929

Censal 2000 Censal 2007 Censal 2010 Latest Censal 2015

Year Occupied HU Household (HH)

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Table 5.17 presents the housing backlogs from year 2000 to 2015. Backlogs are
categorized to doubled-up HH, unacceptable HU, makeshift/salvage/improvised HU
and others. As of 2015, most backlogs are recorded with households living in
unacceptable housing units with 153 units determined by poor structural quality of
construction materials used. Another reason for having backlog is due to doubled-
up household of 410 units occupied with more than one household followed by
makeshift/salvage/improvised HU and others equivalent to 86 and 1 backlogs
respectively. This totals to 650 backlogs accounted for 2015.

Table 5.17. Housing Backlog, Year 2015

2000 2007 2010 2015
Backlog
No. % No. % No. % No. %

Doubled- Up Households 146 0.13 244 0.35 247 0.37 410 0.63

Unacceptable Housing Units 224 0.20 151 0.22 135 0.20 153 0.24

Makeshift/ Salvage/
305 0.27 158 0.23 255 0.38 86 0.13
Improvised HU

Others 448 0.40 147 0.21 37 0.05 1 0.00

Total Backlog 1123 700 674 650

Source: PSA Census 2000, 2007, 2010 and 2015

Figure 5.11. Housing Backlog, Year 2015

521.7
450 482.35 492.65
448.85 448
410
359

244 241 247

146 147
125
70
14

2000 2007 2010 2015

Year
Doubled- Up Households Unacceptable Housing Units
Makeshift/ Salvage/ Improvised HU Others

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Over the years, the City Government has been addressing housing problems in the city. Through the City Housing and Urban
Settlements Department, the City has implemented socialized housing projects in several resettlement areas listed in Table 5.18.
The five (5) housing projects benefitted a total of 539 beneficiaries as of 2018 through Community Mortgage Program (CMP).
However, three (3) areas that include Pamana ng Lungsod, Maidlang Resettlement Area, and Wawa Resettlement Area are
considered highly susceptible to storm surge since these are situated in the coastal barangays of Balite, Maidlang and Wawa.
Table 5.18. Resettlement Areas, Year 2018
Name of
No. of Utilities/ Facilities/ Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Resettlement Brgy. Land Ownership Administration
Beneficiaries Amenities
Area Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others
water, power,
Pamana ng sewerage,
Balite Government 350 LGU M L M L L M H
Lungsod transportation,
communication
water, power,
Maidlang
sewerage,
Resettlement Maidlang Government 126 LGU M L M L L H H
transportation,
Area
communication
water, power,
Wawa
sewerage,
Resettlement Wawa Government LGU M L M L L H H
transportation,
Area
communication
water, power,
Camansihan sewerage,
Camansihan Government 40 LGU M L M L L L L
Relocation Site transportation,
communication
water, power,
Bucayao
sewerage,
Resettlement Bucayao Government 23 LGU M L M L L L L
transportation,
Area
communication
Total 539
Source: City Housing and Urban Settlements Department

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Housing facilities and utilities are available for the past three years such as water
supply, electricity, water-sealed toilets and garbage collection system. As of 2015,
52% from the total housing units is being served with water supplied by Calapan
Waterworks System. 96% of housing units are already being supplied with electricity.
While 83% and 82.2% of the housing units are served with water-sealed toilets and
garbage collection system respectively.

Table 5.19. Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation for the Past Three Censal Years
2000 2010 2015
No. % No. % No. %
Utilities Housin Housin Housin
Serve Serve Serve Serve Serve Serve
g Units g Units g Units
d d d d d d

Water
20,783 7,551 36.0% 26,995 13,421 50.0% 30,324 15,705 52.0%
Supply

Electricity 20,783 15,734 76.0% 26,995 24,322 90.0% 30,324 29,033 96.0%

Water-
Sealed 20,783 17,252 83.0% 26,995 25,156 93.0% 30,324 25,156 83.0%
Toilets
Garbage
Collectio 20,783 6,391 31.0% 26,995 13,286 49.0% 30,324 24,926 82.2%
n System
Total 46,928 76,185 94,820
Source: PSA Census 2000, 2010 and 2015

Figure 5.12. Housing Facilities and Utilities Situation for the Past Three Censal Years

96.0% 93.0%
90.0%
83.0% 83.0% 82.2%
76.0%

50.0% 52.0% 49.0%

2000
36.0%
31.0% 2010
2015

Water Supply Electricity Water- Sealed Garbage

Toilets Collection System
Utilities

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Table 5.20 presents occupied housing units and by tenure status for the past three
censal years. As of 2015, out of the total 30,734 households recorded, 16,077 or
52.31% are either the owner of the lot or the lot is being amortized to them where
their houses are constructed; 3,678 or 11.97 % are rented, 10,167 or 33.08%
constructed their houses on the lot they do not own but with the consent of the
owner and free from rent, 812 or 2.64% constructed their houses at the lot they do
not own, but without the consent of the owner.

Table 5.20. Occupied Housing Units and Lots by Tenure Status for the Past Three
Censal Years

2000 2010 2015

Housing Unit
Tenure Status Housing Unit Lot Housing Unit Lot
and Lot
No. % No. % No. % No. % No. %
Owned/
Being 15609 74.58 10725 51.24 21,409.00 78.59 15886 58.31 16077 52.31
Amortized
Rented 1639 7.83 1831 8.75 2,055.00 7.54 2440 8.96 3678 11.97
Being
Occupied
for Free With 2582 12.34 6646 31.75 3,132.00 11.50 7745 28.43 10167 33.08
Consent of
Owner
Being
Occupied
for Free
294 1.40 544 2.60 209.00 0.77 821 3.01 812 2.64
Without
Consent of
Owner
Not
805 3.85 646 3.09 - - - - - -
Reported
Not
- - 537 2.57 438.00 1.61 350 1.28 - -
Applicable
Total 20,929 20,929 27,243 27,242 30,734
Source: PSA Census 2000, 2010 and 2015

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Figure 5.13. Occupied Housing Units by Tenure Status for the Past Three Censal Years

25000
Owned/ Being
Amortized

20000
Being Occupied for
Free With Consent of
Owner
15000
Number

Rented

10000 Being Occupied for

Free Without
Consent of Owner

5000 Not Reported

Not Applicable
0
2000 2010 2015

Censal Year

Figure 5.14. Occupied Lots by Tenure Status for the Past Three Censal Years

18000

16000

Owned/ Being
14000
Amortized

12000
Being Occupied for
Free With Consent of
10000
Number

Owner
Rented
8000

6000 Being Occupied for

Free Without Consent
4000 of Owner
Not Reported
2000

0 Not Applicable
2000 2010 2015
Censal Year

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5.4 Social Welfare

The City Social Welfare and Development Department caters to various

sectors in the society particularly the children and youth, senior citizens, persons with
disability and solo parents while also providing emergency services during disasters.
They closely monitor Children in Conflict with the Law (CICL) as well as children on
the streets. These children had undergone series of psychosocial interventions
together with their parents through counseling. Apparently, there is a need to
provide a care center for abused children, youth, women and other vulnerable
sectors. A care facility for the elderly is currently being managed and operated by
the local Catholic Church, the Apostolic Vicariate of Calapan. For the abused
children, youth, women and other vulnerable sectors, there is a plan to construct a
care center for them. Child development centers are also maintained and
operated in the barangay level. The City Government also established its own Child
Development Center at the City Hall Complex intended for children of City Hall
employees while it may also accept from outside.

x Day Care Center in Calapan – 70

x Day Care Children – 2350
x No. of Senior Citizen as of December 2018 – 12980
x No. of Social Pensioners – 6441
x No. of Persons with disability as of December 2018 – 424
x No. of Solo Parents Registered from Jan- Dec 2018 – 1876

Table 5.21. Children in Conflict with the Law in Three Consecutive Years
2018 2019 2020
NUMBER NUMBER
EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL
OF OF
PROBLEM’S STATUS STATUS CHILDREN STATUS
CHILDREN CHILDREN
ENCOUNTERED/CASE
IN IN IN
M F OSY M F OSY M F OSY
SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
Robbery 9 0 3 6 8 0 0 8 7 2 9
R.A. 9165 1 0 1 0 4 0 1 3 3 0 3
Slight Physical Injury 0 0 0 0 7 1 3 5 7 0 6 1
Frustrated Homicide 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
Illegal possession of
0 0 0 0 0 2 1 1 0 0
explosive device
Rape 1 0 0 1 7 0 6 1 8 0 8
Theft 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 1 2 2
Qualified Trespass to
0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0
Dwelling
Carnapping 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 2 0 1 1
Carnapping/Rape 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0
Unjust Vexation 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
Violation of P.D.
2 0 2
1602 Anti –

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2018 2019 2020

NUMBER NUMBER
EDUCATIONAL EDUCATIONAL NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL
OF OF
PROBLEM’S STATUS STATUS CHILDREN STATUS
CHILDREN CHILDREN
ENCOUNTERED/CASE
IN IN IN
M F OSY M F OSY M F OSY
SCHOOL SCHOOL SCHOOL
Gambling
Anti- Fencing 2 0 2
TOTAL 13 1 4 11 34 4 14 24 34 3 28 9
TOTAL OF CICL 15 38 37
Source: City Social Welfare and Development Department

Table 5.22. Children at Risks in 2019 and 2020

2019 2020

NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL NUMBER OF EDUCATIONAL

CHILDREN STATUS. CHILDREN STATUS.
PROBLEM’S
ENCOUNTERED/CASE IN IN
M F OSY M F OSY
SCHOOL SCHOOL
Theft 16 4 13 7 0 0 0 0
Slight Physical Injury 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Loitering 13 4 9 8 8 0 4 4
Parental
23 6 25 4 21 9 26 4
Disobedience
Trespass to dwelling 3 0 3 0 0 0 0 0
Acts of Lasciviousness 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Bullying 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0
Mauling 3 0 3 0
Cyber Bullying 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Rescued during
Curfew Hour by 3 8 2 9 6 0 3 3
CSWD
Rescued by other
agency and Brgy. 8 3 9 2
during Curfew Hr.
Total 66 22 60 28 44 12 42 14
TOTAL OF CAR 88
Source: City Social Welfare and Development Department

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Figure 5.15. CHILDREN IN NEED OF SPECIAL PROTECTION (CNSP) in 2018, 2019

and 2020

16

12 12
11 11
10
9
8 8

5 5
4 4

2 2
1 1 1 1 1 1
0 0

CASE
2018 2019 2020

5.5 Protective Services

The Calapan City Police Station is currently located in its newly-built facility
within the premises of the New Government Center in Barangay Guinobatan. It also
manages a Police Community Precinct (PCP) strategically located at the southern
entrance of the city at the junction of Barangay Santa Isabel where people and
goods from both the southern and northern municipalities of the province pass
leading to the city proper. Calapan City Police Station has a total strength of 92
personnel, composed of 10 Police Commissioned Officers (PCO), 77 Police Non-
Commissioned Officers (PNCOs) and five (5) Non-Uniformed Personnel.

Having been the province’s center in terms of commerce and trade, social
disorder brought about by crimes and other deviations from the law could easily
affect the balance of economy. The police, as mandated, have to double their
efforts in order to maintain peace and order. Thus, police visibility in areas where
crimes frequently happen is imperative.

Although the threat of the Communist Terrorist Movement (CTM) is imminent

and cannot just be ignored, terrorist activities in Calapan City are relatively non-
existent since the deployment of the Philippine Army troops in the province. Prior to

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their deployment, the city had been used by the leftists as staging ground for their
non-violent activities such as mass mobilizations, recruitments and other similar
activities. At present, there are massive campaigns by the government to restrain
them through public information and peace talks for their re-integration to the
mainstream of society. Relative to this, there had been no CTM-related violent
activity in the City of Calapan for several years already.

Concerning fire protection force, it consists of 20 firemen as of 2016. A total of

three (3) firetrucks are serviceable. Alternatively, two private entities offer their
volunteer firetruck and firemen.

The City Public Safety Department also provides rescue and emergency
services for the constituents. Its personnel regularly pursue trainings and other skills
enhancement programs to ensure readiness in times of calamities and disasters.

Table 5.26 below shows that from 2014 up to 2018, a total of 46 fire incidents
occurred in different barangays which origin and cause varies from residential,
business, vehicular, electric post and grass fire. Through intensive fire prevention
campaigns conducted, fire incidence for the past years declined.

Table 5.23. Protective Services by Facilities and Equipment, Year 2018

Personnel Hazard
Number of to Susceptibility
Type of Services Location Area Vehicles
Personnel Population
Ratio Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su

City Hall
Main Police Station in Complex
-
City Government Center Barangay L L M L
Guinobatan

Police Sub- Barangay 194 1:1521

Station Ilaya L L M L

Police
Barangay Sta.
Community
Isabel L L M L
Precinct

City Hall 3 Firetruck

Complex
Calapan City fire Station 400 sqm 2 28 1:4782
Barangay L L M L
Volunteer
Guinobatan
group

Calapan City Public City Hall

- 120 1:116
Safety department Complex L L M L
Barangay

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Personnel Hazard
Number of to Susceptibility
Type of Services Location Area Vehicles
Personnel Population
Ratio Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su

Guinobatan/

Old City Hall

Osmena St.
BJMP Calapan City Barangay
- 17 - L M L M M
District Jail Calero,
Calapan City

Table 5.24. Projected Protective Services Personnel in Calapan City

Projected Number of
2020
Personnel
Type of
Location Area Personnel
Services
Number of to
2025 2030
Personnel Population
Ratio

City Hall
Calapan
Complex
City Police - 194 1.09791667 208 224
Barangay
Station
Guinobatan

City Hall
Calapan
Complex
City fire 400 sqm 28 3.3625 30 32
Barangay
Station
Guinobatan

City Hall
Calapan
Complex
City Public
Barangay - 120 0.12222222 129 138
Safety
Guinobatan/
Department
Old City Hall

Osmena St.
BJMP
Barangay
Calapan
Calero, - 17 - 18 20
City District
Calapan
Jail
City

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Table 5.25. Barangay Security Force and Equipment, Year 2019

Condition of
Number of Security
Type of Services Facilities/ Equipment facilities/
Force/ Volunteer
equipment
Barangay Outpost,
Patrol Car, Cctv, Whistle,
Traffic 369 Baton, Flashlight, Functional
Tricycle, Bicycle, Tribike,
Radio

Barangay Outpost,
Barangay Jail, Patrol
Peace and Order 428 Car, Cctv, Baton, Functional
Whistle, Handcuff,
Megaphone

Evacuation Center,
Cctv, Paging System,
Megaphone, Handheld
Radio, Generator Set,
Sanguniang
Rescue Vehicle,
Disaster Barangay, BHWs, Functional
Chainsaw, Flashlights,
Barangay Police
First Aid Kit, Tents,
Rubber Boots, Hardhat,
Raincoats, Emergency
Lights, Ladder, Boat

On Duty BHWs/ SB
Auxiliary Services Members / Ramp, Wheelchair Functional
Barangay Police

Others

Source: Barangay Office

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Table 5.26. Fire Incidence for the Past Five Years

Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Origin/ Cause
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018

Balite Vehicular Fire 1

Grass Fire, Villa
Bayanan I 1 1
Agatha Subd
Vehicular Fire,
Bucayao Residential 1 1 2
House
Residential
Buhuan 1
House
Residential
House,
Calero 2 1
Electrical Post
Fire
Business,
Vehicular Fire,
Camilmil Residential 2 2 1
House, Grass
Fire
School
Canubing I 1
Canteen
Business,
Provincial
Tourism Office
and Prov’l
Guinobatan 1 1 1
Public
Employment
Service Office,
Grass Fire
Residential
Gutad 1
House
Mercantile,
Ibaba East Residential 1 1
House
Residential
Ibaba West 1
House
Residential
Ilaya 1 1
House
Lalud Vehicular Fire, 1 1 1 1

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Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Origin/ Cause
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Residential,
Grass Fire, FMC
Copra Buyer
Residential,
Lazareto 1 2 1
Grass Fire
Lumangbayan Residential 1
Mahal na
1
Pangalan
Malamig Residential 1

Masipit Vehicular Fire 1

Pachoca Grass Fire 2 1

Palhi Grass Fire 1

Parang Grass Fire 2

Residential,
San Antonio 1 1
Grass Fire
San Rafael Grass Fire 1
San Vicente Electrical Post
3
Central Fire
Vehicular Fire,
San Vicente South Residential 2
House
Residential
San Vicente North 1
House
Residential
Sapul House, Grass 1 1 1
Fire
Electrical Post
Silonay 1
Fire
DMCI
Sta. Isabel (Acetylene 1
Tank)
Residential
Sta. Maria Village House, Grass 1 1
Fire
Sta. Rita Vehicular Fire, 1 1

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Frequency of Occurrence
Barangay Origin/ Cause
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018
Day Care
Center
Sto. Niño Grass Fire 1 2
Vehicular Fire,
Suqui 3 1
Grass Fire
Healthcare,
Tawiran 1 1
Grass Fire
Tibag Grass Fire 1
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2014 to 2018

Table 5.27 Historical Crime Situation in Calapan City

Crime
2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Situation

Non- Index
244 285 454 28 127
Crime

Index Crime 77 59 64 37 36
Source: Calapan City Police Station

5.6 Sports and Recreation

For sports and leisure activities, multi-purpose covered courts are now visible
in almost every barangay. However, parks and playgrounds are not sufficient to
accommodate the increasing population demand for such. The absence of parks
and open spaces particularly in the urban area could be attributed to the lack of
lands owned by a barangay. The only known and existing parks are those of
Barangay Ibaba East (maintained by the City Government) and Barangay Sta.
Maria Village. The Calapan City Recreational and Zoological Park located in
Barangay Bulusan has the amenities for leisure activities like family outings and is a
good venue for team-building activities.

Sports development and physical fitness programs are among the priorities of
the City Government not only for the youth, but also for other ages as well. Through
the City Youth and Sports Development Department, inter-school games and
tournaments are being held to convene athletes and students from different schools.
These include organizing the Calapan City Athletic Association (CCAA) and the
Calapan City Inter-High School Championship. For non-school community- based
tournaments, the following are conducted regularly: the Mayor’s Cup Open

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Conference Inter-Barangay Basketball Championship, the Sto. Nino Inter-Color

Basketball Tournament, the Calapan City Youth Summer Sports League and the
Calapan City Volleyball Enthusiasts (CCVE-ACP) League.

Similarly, the City Government provided its employees with the year-round
sports recreational activities. There are those who are enthusiastic in playing
badminton, basketball and table tennis while for those who prefer less strenuous
physical activities, they may opt for either zumba or a walking exercise. With the belief
that a healthy workforce performs efficiently, these wellness and physical fitness
programs are intended not only to maintain an individual’s fitness but also serve as
recreation, enhancing the entire physical, mental and spiritual well-being of an
individual.

While infrastructure projects like a coliseum are already in the pipeline to

accommodate sports programs in the future, the City has existing facilities and
equipment for current sports activities. There have been proposed bike lanes and
walk paths as indicated in the urban planning studies before seeking to promote the
habit of indulging to regular exercise. Relatively, it can also contribute to anti-pollution
campaigns and is expected to be carried out along with other relevant projects.

6. ECONOMIC SECTOR

6.1 Agriculture

As business, trade and commerce alter in the now fast-urbanizing Calapan

City, agriculture still remains a major source of income, especially to the large
portion of the populace that depends on the tilled land for living. There are 16,808.96
hectares devoted to agricultural development. Thirty four (34) out of the sixty two
(62) barangays of Calapan City are still classified rural, with constituents basically
engaged in farming–related and soil-based livelihood. More than 4,000 fisherfolks
from 23 coastal barangays, given the city’s coastal orientation, depend on marine
resources like fishes and shells. These fisherfolks are organized by the city
government into an organization called HAYUMA (Hanay ng mga Yumayabong na
Mangingisda). There are also those who engaged in inland fisheries that focus on
bangus, tilapia and shrimp culture.

Calapan plays a major role in the Philippine economy as one of the major
food suppliers in the country. The city is also a major supplier of rice to Metro Manila
and key parts of Luzon making it both agriculturally-progressive and urbanized city.
The five major crops are rice, citrus, banana, rambutan and lanzones.

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To support the manpower and sustain productivity, the present administration

is bent on maximizing the city’s agricultural potentials through programs as Angat
Kabuhayan sa Agrikultura Program (AKAP) benefitting farmers primarily and assisting
farmers’ groups/associations like Calapan Farmer’s Multi-purpose Cooperative
(CALFAMCO). Modernization of farming facilities and introduction of hybrid seeds
are practically the best measure to obtain high yields in less time and minimal labor.

But while the city has earned the reputation of being a top rice producer in
the region and the province being regarded as “Food Basket”, there are still
particular concerns with regard to high prices of rice grains and of other agricultural
products thus Calapeños primarily do not enjoy the gains they deserve to have.

A very imminent danger to the City’s main agricultural lands and in general is
the continuous operation of the present water concessionaire tapping the ground
water to which the traditional farms have long depended for irrigation. This currently
is posing grave threat of saline intrusion found to be destructive to crop production
and to the total soil structure.

Table 6.1 provides the crop land demand and supply analysis for rice.

Table 6.1. Crop Land (Rice) Demand and Supply Analysis

2018 Scenario 2027 Scenario

Crop Rice Requirement Population Demand Population Demand
(kg/capita/yr.) (persons) (MT) (persons) (MT)
Rice 119.08 139,633 16,627 156,709 18,661

The demand is based on the assumption that 100% of the population utilizes
rice as staple food. Rice Requirement is based on the 2015-2017 Philippine Statistics
Authority Data on Consumption of Food Demand for Agriculture per Capita Rice
Consumption in Oriental Mindoro. As shown in the table, the demand for rice as
staple food is 18,661 metric tons in 2027 to feed the estimated 156,709 city dwellers.

Table 6.2. Estimated Yield and Land Area Requirements

Gross Land Area Net Land Area

Estimated
Crop Requirement (ha.) Requirement (ha.)
Yield(MT/ha)
2018 2027 2018 2027
Rice 5.21 4,880 5,477 2,440 2,738

The net land area requirement shown in Table 6.2 assumes a cropping
intensity of two (2) times a year. The estimated yield derived from latest data of City
Agricultural Services Department for CY 2017. The gross land area was estimated by

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applying a milling recovery rate of 65.4% to the total palay production per Philippine
Statistics Authority (PSA) data. The basis for per capita consumption was based on
2015 data of the PSA.

Table 6.3. Land Requirement and Surplus (Deficit)

Planted Year 2018 Year 2027

Crop Area (ha.) Required Surplus Required Surplus
2017 Area (Deficit) Area (Deficit)
Rice 8,098 2,440 5,658 2,738 5,359

As shown in Table 6.3, there is a surplus of land requirement for rice production
in 2027. Thus, by maintaining the current use of agricultural land to palay production,
Calapan City will still have sufficient areas to supply the rice demand of its
populace.

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In Table 6.4, other than palay as the major agricultural produce of the city with 90,642.23 metric tons (mt) produced in 2018,
other major crops abundant are corn and coconut with a total of 50.00 mt and 195.00 mt produced respectively for the same
year. For fruit bearing trees, the top three (3) productions are calamansi, banana and mango with annual yield of 215.44mt, 62.57
mt, and 21.53 mt respectively. Vegetable farming usually through backyard gardening setting yields adequate vegetable produce
generally for local market consumption. However, all agricultural produce particularly its major produce of palay and corn must be
protected from its high susceptibility to flood (Fl) and tropical cyclones (Tc). Effects of which is evident as shown in Table 6.5 where
in 2018 there is a minimal increase in production of rice and significant decrease in banana and vegetable production caused by
flood and tropical cyclones.
Table 6.4. Existing Major Agricultural Crops by Area, Production and Market Year 2018
Annual Existing Agricultural
Area No. Type of Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Production Support Facilities
Major Product No. of of Farming
Location
Crop % Valu Market Farmers Tena Technolo
Volume( nts gy Pre Post T V L T S
ha/s utiliza e (M Fl Dr Eq O
mt) Harvest Harvest c o n s u
tion Php)
Rice
Handtracto
Combine
r,
Harvester,
Drumseede
Covention Threshers,
Calapan Local & r, M- L-
Rice 16202.40 100% 90642.23 3,619 al & Solar dryer H
City Export Mechanical H M
Traditional or MPDP,
transplanter
Ricemill,
, 4-Wheel
Mechanic
tractor
al dryer
Calapan
Corn 25.00 50.00 0.50 Local 13 Traditional none none H H H L L M L L
City
Calapan
Coconut 360.00 195.00 Local 480 Traditional none none M H L L L L
City
Fruit Trees
Calaman Calapan M-
215.44 96% 388.85 8.82 Local 206 Traditional none none M H L L L
si City H
Calapan
62.57 90% 34.54 0.67 Local 114 Traditional none none M H M L L L
Banana City
Mango Calapan 21.53 75% 46.45 1.55 Local 96 Traditional none none L H L L L L

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Annual Existing Agricultural

Area No. Type of Hazard Susceptibility (H/M/L)
Production Support Facilities
Major Product No. of of Farming
Location
Crop % Valu Market Farmers Tena Technolo
Volume( nts gy Pre Post T V L T S
ha/s utiliza e (M Fl Dr Eq O
mt) Harvest Harvest c o n s u
tion Php)
City

Vegetables

Calapan M- M-
Ampalay 3.74 100% 7.87 0.26 Local 28 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
a
Calapan M- M-
12.00 100% 14.92 0.36 Local 126 Traditional none none H L L L
Eggplant City H H
Calapan M- M-
Tomato 5.44 100% 32.35 0.65 Local 45 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
Calapan M- M-
Okra 6.42 100% 27.91 0.71 Local 110 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
Calapan M- M-
Sitao 9.93 100% 7.34 0.20 Local 87 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
Calapan M- M-
Squash 9.57 100% 7.26 0.14 Local 49 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
Calapan M- M-
Upo 0.32 100% 2.34 0.03 Local 20 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
F. Calapan M- M-
2.02 100% 7.00 0.24 Local 13 Traditional none none H L L L
Pepper City H H
H. Calapan M- M-
0.70 100% 1.75 0.29 Local 5 Traditional none none H L L L
Pepper City H H
Calapan M- M-
Pechay 0.21 100% 0.47 0.01 Local 65 Traditional none none H L L L
City H H
Source: City Agricultural Services Department

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Table 6.5. Comparative Agricultural Crop Areas and Production, 2017 to 2018
Area (ha) Volume of Production (kgs)

Major Crops %Increase %Increase

2017 2018 2017 2018
/ Decrease / Decrease

84,679,170. 90,642,230.
Rice 16219.25 16202.40 -0.10 7.04
0 0
Corn 22.00 25.00 13.64 43,000.0 50,000.0 16.28
Coconut no data 360.00 - no data 195,000.0 -
Fruit Trees
Calamansi 186.50 215.44 15.52 218,841.0 388,852.0 77.69
Banana 96.66 62.57 -35.26 52,588.0 34,541.3 -34.32
Mango 18.88 21.53 14.06 20,910.0 46,452.0 122.15
Vegetables
Ampalaya 6.96 3.74 -46.18 13,720.0 7,872.5 -42.62
Eggplant 14.43 12.00 -16.84 17,586.4 14,924.9 -15.13
Tomato 1.26 5.44 330.17 1,147.0 32,349.5 2720.36
Okra 1.00 6.42 543.03 972.5 27,914.5 2770.39
Sitao 18.28 9.93 -45.71 13,511.5 7,339.4 -45.68
Squash 15.43 9.57 -38.00 11,712.0 7,264.0 -37.98
Upo 1.68 0.32 -81.01 4,410.5 2,343.5 -46.87
F. Pepper 5.33 2.02 -62.12 9,059.0 6,997.0 -22.76
H. Pepper 11.08 0.70 -93.66 4,428.0 1,750.0 -60.48
Pechay 7.49 0.21 -97.21 3,385.0 468.0 -86.17
Source: City Agricultural Services Department

6.2 Commerce and Trade

The primary income earners hold the teaching profession in the elementary
level, the services sector and the agricultural segment. These endeavors are
concentrated in the Central Business District that vary from wholesale and retail
establishments, malls, restaurants, hardware and construction supplies.

Enabling the informal livelihood as a stable source of income for most

housewives has been one of the programs of the City Government. This has been
initiated by the localized Trade and Industry Department which focus on providing
skills training on small and medium enterprises such as food processing and baking,
among many others. These small players contribute significantly in the city’s
economic growth activity. A strong support from both public and private sector must
be persistently acquired that the informal sectors could be upgraded to a formal
one.

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6.3 Industry and Tourism

6.3.1 Industry

The city's economy is dependent on agriculture and fishing. However,

a growing industry in machinery and tourism has contributed well to the city's
annual income making it one of the fastest growing new cities in the country
for the last ten years. The top five industries in Calapan are: trading, tourism,
services, marine and aquatic, and food processing.

The city has experienced rapid development in the last ten years. The
establishment of a special development area, particularly an eco-zone for
light industries located at the Urban Development Area (Lumangbayan and
Guinobatan), has been promoted and now serves as growth area which
generates employment and spurs economic opportunities. Such industries
focus on agro-industrial based activities such as food processing, handicraft
making, furniture making and other related activities. In the light of promoting
a clean and green city, there must be policies in the form of enacted
ordinances that incentivize these industries that practice green management.
Businesses and industries should be encouraged to practice producing
environmentally-friendly products and minimize the impact on the
environment through green production, green research and development,
and green marketing. One existing ordinance in the city is the prohibition of
plastic bags in the market, groceries and supermarkets/malls. However, this
ordinance is not strictly implemented. For example, industries may be
encouraged to operationalize with renewable energy resources and provide
their goods or services through an environmentally friendly process or with the
help of clean technologies.

Recent developments prompt the IT industry to flourish in the

succeeding years. There have been applications for an Information
Technology Park by some interested parties to be located in a six-hectare
land in Barangay San Rafael. Negotiations with the City Government and with
the Philippine Economic Zone Authority (PEZA) are still in the process.

6.3.2 Tourism

The current economic boom in Calapan City presents a substantial

advantage for tourism as an industry, which if fully realized in every aspect
can provide more capability to the people in terms of livelihood. What the
city lacks in natural attractions, the ever-growing trade and commerce plus
the medical, education and other basic services accessed by locals,

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migrants and guests fill up the gap in the tourism landscape. This simply
means that tourism is not merely confined to nature; there are other aspects
to serve as come-ons and satisfy clients’ wants and needs, in turn generating
income for the private entities, small and medium entrepreneurs (SMEs), and
to the city government, basically.

To date, tourism establishments are now sprawled in the Central

Business District (CBD) and in the seaside, while inland resorts too start to thrive
even in the very core of the rural areas. Water sports activities are being
introduced not to mention the wakeboarding in Barangay Wawa, the river
delta area and kayaking upstream to the Caluangan Lake basin. In the light
of these developments, and the upcoming still, what Calapan City tourism
needs now is the upgrading and improvement of existing facilities, installation
of related service facilities and amenities particularly in designated or
identified tourist sites and the enhancement of hospitality services thru
trainings and relevant innovations.

And as the City, being the seat of regional government, is already in

the center stage of MIMAROPA’s overall development and in time may well
become another centerpiece in the whole country, the long-time labored
tourism promotion is visibly at hand, put aside efforts of the industry’s prime
movers in painstaking image-building and packaging of Calapan as another
“tourist destination” in the region, at least. Still, promotion and marketing of
tour packages is a continuing homework accessing availabilities from and
establishing connections with neighbor towns for a tourism circuit with their
own tourism products and specialties.

Considering also the proliferation of business structures along the main

highway stretch particularly in the southern portion of the city, more
expectedly when the Regional Development Centre is in full-blast,
preservation of open spaces in between establishments could also be a
friendly measure as this would give convenience to both tourists and local
constituents accessing the farm and mountain view being enjoyed by the
people for ages. Cooperation of property owners must be solicited in this
case, with the proper approaches and coordination by the City Government.
If overlooked, this particular part of Calapan City might become similar to
that of Tagaytay today, where the congested establishments lined up side-
by-side along the main road have already blocked the view of Taal Volcano
and Lake, leaving only very little passages for tourists to access this primary
attraction in the area.

In light of these, a finely-crafted Tourism Code and a master plan shall

be indispensable guide for further tourism movements, with the government

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agencies to take the initiative in partnership with private stakeholders and

lead tourism groups. A practical, doable tourism development plan is equally
vital as well. Technically too, there must be an impressive tourism frontliners’
presentation with a decent office equipped with necessary facilities, a service
vehicle and a well-oriented manpower able to relate to diverse classes of
guests and get through ins-and-outs of reception, tour-guiding and related
basics.

Table 6.6. Inventory of Tourism Establishments

Name of Hazard Susceptibility

Tourist Barangay
Attraction Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others

Sto. Niño
Sto. Niño L L M L L M M
Cathedral
Calapan City
Sto. Niño L L M L L M M
Plaza
Calapan City
Recreational
Bulusan L L M L L L L
& Zoological
Park
Silonay
Mangrove Silonay H L M L L H H
Eco-Park
Mahal na
Mahal na
Pangalan L L M L L H H
Pangalan
Mangrove site
Calapan City
Guinobatan L L M L L L L
Museum
Punta/
Lambingan San Antonio L L M L L L H
beach
Harka Piloto
Lazareto L L M L L L H
Fish Sanctuary
Lamesang
San Rafael L L M L L L L
Bato
Caluangan
Tawagan L L M L L L L
Lake

New City Hall Guinobatan L L M L L L L

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Name of Hazard Susceptibility

Tourist Barangay
Attraction Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su Others

Lazareto
Downtown
Pachoca
Calapan L L M L L L H
Suqui
Beach strips
Parang
Source: Sites Prioritisation & Evaluation; Tourism Development Planning; 2019

Table 6.7. List of Fiestas in Calapan City

Date Patron Saints Barangay
December 16 to January 1 Pista ng Calapan - Sto. Niño
January 9 Nazareno Brgy. Lazareto
January 17 Sto.Niño Brgy. Sto. Nino
February 11 Our Lady of Lourdes Brgy. Calero
April 9 Exequiel Moreno Brgy. Guinobatan
April 30-May 1 Birhen ng Fatima Brgy. Camasihan
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Balingayan
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Baruyan
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Canubing I
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Canubing II
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Bayanan I
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Puting Tubig
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Suqui
May 15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Bucayao
May 15-16 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Malad
May 14-15 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Tawiran
3rd Week or 4th week Our Lady of Lourdes Brgy. Libis
May 15,30 Our Lady of Lourdes Brgy. Buhuan
May 9-10 San Isidro Labrador Brgy. Parang
May 10-11 Birhen ng Lourdes Brgy. Patas
May 3 Banal na Krus Brgy. Bulusan
May 19 Our Lady of Lourdes Brgy. Sta. Maria Village
May 19-20 Our Lady of Lourdes Brgy. San Vicente South
May 26-27 Mother of Perpetual Brgy. Managpi
May 24-25 San Vicente Ferrer Brgy. San Vicente Central/ Brgy. San
May 24 Blessed Virgin Mary Brgy. San Vicente West
May 17 Birheng Maria Brgy. Batino
May 18-19 Sto.Nino Brgy. Ilaya
May 20 Sto.Nino Brgy. Gulod
May 24 San Lorenzo Ruiz Brgy. Bondoc
May 21 Sto.Nino Brgy. Tibag
May 24-25 Birhen ng Caysasay Brgy. Wawa
May 28 Sto.Nino Brgy. Ibaba West
May Mahal na Birhen & Brgy. Ibaba East
May 25-26 Birhen Maria Brgy. Lumangbayan

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Date Patron Saints Barangay

May 27 Banal na Puso ni Brgy. Palhi
May 26-27 San Isidro Brgy. Sapul
May 27-28 Sacred Heart of Jesus Brgy. Personas
May 28-29 Sagrada Corazon de Brgy. Camilmil
May 29 Sta. Cruz Brgy. Sta. Cruz
May 29-30 San Isidro Brgy. Silonay
June 1 Banal na Mag-anak Bryg. Pachoca
June 6-7 Tatlong Persona Brgy. Nag-Iba I
June 13 San Antonio De Brgy. Lalud
June 13-14 San Antonio de Brgy. San Antonio
June 13 San Antonio de Brgy. Sta. Rita
June 13 San Antonio de Brgy. Tawagan
June 27 Ina ng laging saklolo Brgy. Malamig
June 28-29 San Pedro Villa Brgy. Navotas
August 16 San Roque Brgy. Gutad
August 18-19 Exequiel Moreno Brgy. Balite
September 28 San Lorenzo Ruiz Brgy. Masipit
September 27-28 San Lorenzo Ruiz Brgy. San Vicente North( Pista ng
October 6-7 Nuestra Senora Del Brgy. Nag-Iba II
October 7 Nuestra Señora Del Brgy. Bayanan II
October 11-12 Nuestra Señora Del Brgy. Comunal
October 23-24 San Rafael Brgy. San Rafael
November 2-3 San Martin De Porres Brgy. Biga
December 8 Immaculada Brgy. Mahal na Pangalan
December 8 Immaculada Brgy. Maidlang
November 19 Sta. Isabel Brgy. Sta. Isabel
November 24 San Lorenzo Ruiz Brgy. Panggalaan
Source: City Trade & Industry Department

Table 6.8. List of Accommodation Establishments

Name of Hotel/Resort Address
J.P. Rizal St., Downtown-Calapan
Achimie Hotel
City
Anahaw Island View Resort Brgy. Balite, Calapan City
Bimas Inn Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Blue Harbor Inn Brgy. San Antonio, Calapan City
Bulalo Mangrove Inn Brgy. Bulalo, Calapan City
Calapan Bay Hotel Brgy. Salong, Calapan City
Calapan Bay Hotel –
Brgy. San Antonio, Calapan City
Annex
Coco Farm Spring Resort Brgy. Canubing, Calapan City
Camia St., Lumangbayan, Calapan
Destiny’s Hotel
City
Donnyland Beach Resort Brgy. Suqui, Calapan City

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Name of Hotel/Resort Address

Dreaming Forest Hotel Brgy. Masipit, Calapan City
Eduardo’s Resort Brgy. Bayanan II, Calapan City
Brgy. MahalnaPangalan, Calapan
El Pueblo Rhizort
City
Ferraren Hills Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
Filipiniana Hotel and
Brgy. Sto. Nino, Calapan City
Convention Centre
Gemelli Inn Lodging House Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Hotel Ma-yi J.P. Rizal St.,Downtown Calapan City
Ramirez St., San Vicente Central,
Hotel Metropolis I
Calapan City
Hotel Metropolis II Brgy. Calero, Calapan City
Juan Luna St., San Vicente West,
Huanying Hotel
Calapan City
Jess Star Resort Brgy. Malamig, Calapan City
JKL Family Cove Brgy. Balite, Calapan City
Morning Breeze Lodge Brgy. Calero, Calapan City
Mahalta Resorts and
Brgy. Parang, Calapan City
Convention Centre
Nikita’s Place Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Parang Beach Resort Brgy. Parang, Calapan City
Playa Ignacio Brgy. Pachoca, Calapan City
J.P. Rizal St., Downtown-Calapan
Riceland Inn I
City
Riceland II Brgy. Sto. Nino., Calapan City
Rodina Lodge Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
Santorenz Bay Resort and
Brgy. Parang, Calapan City
Hotel
Sweet Care Hotel Brgy. Lalud, Calapan City
Vencio’s Garden Hotel &
Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Restaurant
Tree Of Life Business Center
Brgy.Salong , Calapan City
Hotel
Isle’s View Beach Resort Brgy. Parang, Calapan City
El Huerto Brgy. Malamig Calapan City
Czeascape Beach Resort Brgy. Balite Calapan City
Casa Estela Boutique Hotel
Brgy. Libis Calapan City
and Cafe
Source: City Tourism Office

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Table 6.9. List of Restaurants and Cafes in Calapan City

Name of Restaurant/Bar/Café Location
Brgy. Balite/Gaisano Capital Mall,
Anahaw Island View Resort
Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Auntie Lola’s Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
Brgy. San Vicente East, Calapan
Angelu’s Mixed Rice
City
Bicolana Lomi House Brgy. Ilaya, Calapan City
J.P. Rizal, St., Brgy. San Vicente
Blossom Restaurant
South, Calapan City
Café Angela Brgy. Salong, Calapan City
Filipiniana Complex, Brgy. Sto.
Cafe de Vito
Niño, Calapan City
Casa Ricardos Restaurant Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
Cafe Del Jardin Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
M. Roxas Drive, Brgy. Sto. Niño/
Chippings Litsong Manok
Brgy. Lalud/ Brgy. Tawiran,
Liempo
Calapan City
Daisuki Na AJi ( Favorite Filipiniana Complex, Brgy. Sto.Niño,
Taste) CalapanCity
J.P Rizal St., Brgy.Camilmil,
Daisy’s Café
Calapan City
David and Goliath Brgy. Libis, Calapan City
Filipiniana Complex, Brgy. Sto. Niño
Dutch Café
Calapan City
Basa Bldg., Infantado St., Brgy. San
Graffitea
Vicente West, Calapan City
Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan
Grillo
City
Filipiniana, Brgy. Sto. Niño,
Halcon's Bar and Resto
Calapan City
Hapchan Restaurant Xentro Mall, Calapan City
Isel Ian’s Halo-Halo Brgy. Ibaba East, Calapan City
Juancio's Grilled Burger
Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
House
Kamil’s Food & Bake Shop Bonifacio St., Ilaya Calapan City
Kuya Raffy’s Restaurant Brgy.Camilmil, Calapan City
Brgy. San Vicente East, Calapn
L & V Restaurant
City
Mabuhay Panciteria Ramirez St., San Vicente Central,

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Name of Restaurant/Bar/Café Location

Calapan City
MND Coffee and BAR Brgy. Lumangbayan, Calapan City
Brgy. San Vicente West, Calapan
Mang Greg Restaurant
City
J.P Rizal St., Brgy.Camilmil,
Max’s Restaurant
Calapan City
MJ & Darwin Restaurant Brgy. Libis, Calapan City
Pards Litsong Manok at
Brgy. Bayanan 1, Calapan City
Tsibugan
Parang Beach SeaSide
Brgy. Parang, Calapan City
Restaurant
Brgy. San Vicente West, Calapan
Peking Siopao
City
Pio and Fe’s Kainan sa
Brgy.Tawiran, Calapan City
Tawiran
Pizzeria Basillico Di Milano Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Block 4 Sta. Maria Village,
Porch Café
Calapan City
Tres Mares Brgy. Sta Isabel, Calapan City
Xentro Mall, Sto. Nino, Calapan
Ten to One Restobar
City
Xentro Mall, Sto. Niño, Calapan
Uncle Jov’s Restaurant
City
Vencio’s Garden Restaurant Brgy. Tawiran, Calapan City
Brgy. Sta. Maria Village, Calapan
Wil’s Diner Restaurant
City

Table 6.10 Tourism Establishments with Swimming Pool and their Estimated
Water Requirements
Volume of
Water
Name of Required Frequency
Location (cubic Remarks
Hotel/Resort
meter)
2019 2020 2019 2020
Minimal water usage
Anahaw Island Balite, due to raw water
View Resort Calapan City addition and water
recycling
341.36
Bayanan II
La Estancia 58.50 Once a year
Calapan City
7.32

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Volume of
Water
Name of Required Frequency
Location (cubic Remarks
Hotel/Resort
meter)
2019 2020 2019 2020
Once every 5
Bayanan II, years or
Eduardo’s Resort 599.6
Calapan City preventive
maintenance

Coco Farm Canubing, 25 Every 2 days or Free flowing water

Spring Resort Calapan City 20 1 week supply

Lumangbayan,
Ferraren Hills 754.38 Once a year
Calapan City

Mahal na
El Pueblo Rhizort Pangalan, 180 Once a year
Calapan City

Malad, 198.12 Free flowing water

Victorias Resort 2 to 3 days
Calapan City 54.05 supply

Malapitan Managpi,
790 Every 3 months 1 pool filter
Resort Calapan City

Pachoca,
Playa Ignacio 150 Every 6 months
Calapan City

Mahalta Resorts
Parang,
and Convention 734 Once a year
Calapan City
Center
Jolly Waves
Sapul, Closed due to
Waterpark and
Calapan City pandemic
Resort

Filipiniana Resort Sto. Nino,

640 Every 6 months
Hotel Calapan City

Free flowing water

Inays’ Place Comunal 650 2 to 3 days
supply

Every 2 days or Free flowing water

Villa Agueda Comunal 720
1 week supply

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Table 6.11. List of Travel Agencies in Calapan City

Name of Travel Agency Address
Basa Bldg., Infantado St., San
ASM Travel Agency
Vicente West, Calapan City
Book ‘n Learn Travel
Bonifacio St., Ilaya, Calapan City
Agency
Shyvel Travel and Tours Mabini St., Ibaba East, Calapan City
Solemn Travel Agency Lumangbayan, Calapan City
8 and 8 Travel &
San Vicente South, Calapan City
Souvenirs

Table 6.12. Tourist Arrivals

2018 2019
Total Total
Domestic Foreign Domestic Foreign
TOURIST
ARRIVALS
91,488 7,177 98,665 101,253 6,735 107,988

Figure 6.1. Comparison of Collected Tourist Arrivals from 2015-2017

9517 9400 9136 9047
8815 8630
8241 8208
7969 7771
6809 6753 7303 7170 7252
6996 6950
6634 6776
6459 6710 6202 6537 6532 6631 6470
6293 6298
5948 6052 5893
5712 5741 5771
5396
4599

January February March April May June July August September October November December

TA 2015 TA 2016 TA 2017

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Figure 6.2. City Same-Day Visitors Count

No. of visitors

1760
410 1221 961 1220 1199 354
937 703
582 628 647

Figure 6.3 Meetings, Incentive Travels, Convention and Conferences, Event and
Exhibit Data 2016

5,896

2,673 2,492
2,252 2,139
1,805
1,507
800
411 337

MICE Facility_O1 MICE Facility_02 MICE Facility_03 MICE Facility_04 MICE Facility_05

MICE Facility_06 MICE Facility_07 MICE Facility_08 MICE Facility_09 MICE Facility_10

Ecological tourism has been part of tourism campaign for around 20 years
now, yet it is only quite recently that advocacy for protection and conservation of
potential areas has practically gained momentum. As this involves nature and
environment primarily, to which eco-tourism depends, is indeed laborious, requiring
extensive and patient coordination with barangay units and communities, with
support from key government agencies. Biodiversity sites like mangrove forests
covering numerous conservation sites, bird sanctuaries, the river system, inland-
highland and shoreline vegetation and marine habitat are among Calapan City’s
specialties for eco-tourism. Unfortunately though for the relatively small highland
portion the city has, conversions into residential subdivisions and constructions for
commercial purposes damage parts of what used to be hillsides and slopes, thus
becoming serious threats to the flora and fauna and to the city district itself because
of possible flashfloods, erosion or landslides that are truly unpredictable.

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These needed to be methodically checked and regulated, since the dreamt

development and progress must be achieved with priorities to protecting and
conserving the environment and the natural resources — the very foundation of life
itself.

Farm tourism likewise is a healthy tourism practice and has become a trend
too in many parts of the country. More so, it may not require high-tech system as this
could be done somewhat like backyard farming, as resources apply. Although there
are those who engaged in large-scale, in Calapan City however, one may design a
simple-to-medium model depending on availability of inputs or as afforded. A
variation of typical vegetables normally grown in neighborhood yards in the City
can be a good start, provided with presentable fronts and styles. Orchards, on the
other hand, definitely require maintenance while orchidarium and ornamentals
need horticulture methods and practices.

As for fisheries and livestock, these are very interesting and profitable farm
tourism investments though of course requiring even larger financing and technical
implementation in addition to providing safe, conducive lots or spaces plus being
subject to environmental laws/regulations.

The Calapan City Recreation and Zoological Park or simply, the Calapan
Nature Park located in Barangay Bulusan falls in either eco-tourism or leisure site. The
park, for some time now, has been a venue for various events and activities, and a
source of income as well for the City Government, although minimal; upgrading
plans for the park alone is underway, with additional facilities and amenities for the
public’s benefit.

However again, its having been directly adjacent to the main zoo area is not
a healthy set-up for the animals. There should be at least a concrete protective
structure high enough to seclude the species from disturbances brought in by visitors
in the park, especially in cases that would produce noise, as this causes stress to the
creatures. Technically too, there must be a clinic, at least, complete veterinary
facilities and equipment, in-house veterinarians and laboratory technicians and well-
trained attendants or zoo-keepers who shall concentrate on animals’ welfare such
as feeding program, behavioral and adaptation studies and related researches,
total health, medications and treatment especially on emergencies.

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7. INFRASTRUCTURE AND UTILITIES SECTORS

7.1 Transportation

Motorized tricycles are a common mode of transport including Filcabs

operation from población to some rural barangays. Jeepneys and vans served as
transportation options to other municipalities within Oriental Mindoro which passes
through concreted provincial road spanning the province. The continuous
economic development and influx of private investments will greatly increase the
population in the city. This, however, can be an additional burden for the
transportation sector as they might not cater to these demands.

As per proposed local public transport route plan, the fleet size (FS)
calculation provided by the LTFRB shows that there is an adequate number of
Filcabs that travel in San Antonio (Calapan Pier) to Bucayao. The current fleet that
traverses the city totals to 160 units. The current number of Filcab vehicles that
services rural barangays from the public market is sufficient since at the public
market 2 units of Filcabs are always on standby and when one unit is about to leave
a dispatcher call for another at their garage terminal, but when it comes to peak
hours many commuters get stranded due to traffic. Also, during the other survey
conducted there are a few units of Filcabs operating due to enforcement of a
memorandum against colurum units. Although there are already many units
operating under the Multicab Operators and Drivers Association of Calapan City
(MODACC), a transport association, still many operators prefer their franchise be
released by the Land Transportation and Franchising Regulatory Board (LTFRB).
Filcabs operating in the city is adequate in terms of vehicles servicing the
commuters, that is, 60 units with franchise. However, drivers and operators have
pending franchise application. There are at least 160 Filcabs units in Calapan City
(green and yellow plates).

The proposed circumferential route for multicabs/Filcabs needs some

additional information with regards to designated loading and unloading area due
to different road projects along the national roads. The other consideration is the
removal of tricycles which used to ply the proposed route. The computation for the
number of units that will take a trip in this route needs further study since proper
coordination with other agencies must be addressed. For public utility jeepneys, few
or none are operating within the city. All PUJs drop their passengers in the City Public
Market that also serves as terminal provided by the city to push commerce in the
area.

The proposed route structure will concentrate on the location and

construction of a grand terminal. This terminal will reduce the traffic volume in the

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city proper as it will divert incoming public transport from adjacent municipalities.
The City Government is opening its door for investors who will take this project and
open new development for the city. The grand terminal will take at least two years
of construction. It is to be situated within either Urban Expansion Area or Corridor
Area and adjacent to institutional areas (i.e Regional Center Area, City Government
Center, etc). These sites are favorable for the city as it will limit the entry of other
public utility vehicles from different municipalities and also encourage commerce in
the area. Current route structure in the city proper is being addressed by the Traffic
Management Office. This office seeks to regulate some units of tricycle to serve the
rural barangays. This scheme will be introduced to other barangays in order to
minimize those plying the national roads.

7.1.1 Land Based

The city has a relatively low road carrying capacity. Roads are narrow and
have limited capacity in the Poblacion area resulting to traffic congestion especially
during peak hours of the day. On the other hand, there are roads that are
underutilized due to bad pavement conditions. The latter condition may very well
be one of the reasons that urban development has not sprawled to the hinterlands
of the city yet. On the other hand, urban development has concentrated in the
Poblacion and its vicinity and is presently creeping down south along the National
Road. These are areas where there are fairly good roads and hence have
enhanced accessibility. These conditions attract urban growth and development.

The city has a central corridor defined by the North-South Road that links it to
the southern municipalities of Oriental Mindoro. This is actually the central spine of
the entire province as it is the only road link of the southern and western towns to the
main seaport at barangay San Antonio. The North-South Road has two laterals: the
first (classified as National Road) goes westward which links the city to the
municipalities of Baco, San Teodoro and Puerto Galera while the second lateral
(classified as a Provincial Road) goes to the east which provides an alternative
access from the central part of Calapan to the seaport at the northern area. Roads
are most dense in the Poblacion area that follows an almost grid-like pattern of
streets.

With the fast-paced development in the offing, the City Government has
started anew to open new connecting roads that link the inner urban barangays to
the city proper. More significantly, the Central Business District (CBD) has to be freed
from the traffic build-up during peak hours. This would then entail additional
openings in the area of Barangay Lalud going to Pachoca and vice-versa where
motorists and commuters would not have to pass by the poblacion. The same idea
will be applied to link barangays Tawiran and Masipit to barangays Guinobatan and
Bulusan.

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Table 7.1. Road inventory as of 2018

Hazard Susceptibility Barangay Road City Road Provincial Road Total
Barangay
Fl Eq Ln Ts Su Gravel Concrete Sub-Total Gravel Concrete Sub-Total Gravel Concrete Sub-Total
660 2,258.00 2,918.00 - 1,101.00 1,101.00 4,019.00
1 Balingayan L-M M L
-934.9 1,929.90 1,929.90 - 2,113.00 2,113.00 4,042.90
2 Balite L M L M M
-305 4,230.00 4,230.00 - 600 1,862.00 2,462.00 6,692.00
3 Baruyan H M L M M
164 1,927.00 2,091.00 - 3,000.00 3,000.00 5,091.00
4 Batino L-M M L L
639.15 825 1,464.15 - 1,199.52 500 1,699.52 3,163.67
5 Bayanan 1 L M L
112.5 1,623.50 1,736.00 - 1,163.00 1,163.00 2,899.00
6 Bayanan 2 L M L
923 627 1,550.00 - 2,594.00 1,820.00 4,414.00 5,964.00
7 Biga L M L
2,830.00 830 3,660.00 - 0 3,660.00
8 Bondoc M M
-285 1,854.60 1,854.60 - 1,199.50 562.8 1,762.30 3,616.90
9 Bucayao M-H M
1,615.00 355 1,970.00 - 820 1,960.00 2,780.00 4,750.00
10 Buhuan M-H M
301 1,999.00 2,300.00 - 2,100.00 1,813.50 3,913.50 6,213.50
11 Bulusan M M
0 40 1,451.75 1,491.75 0 1,491.75
12 Calero L M L M M
1,534.70 465.3 2,000.00 - 2,435.00 2,435.00 4,435.00
13 Camansihan L M L
0 318.75 3,092.80 3,411.55 1,053.25 1,053.25 4,464.80
14 Camilmil L M L
-35 1,525.00 1,490.00 - 3,023.50 3,023.50 4,513.50
15 Canubing 1 L M
1,372.00 1,375.00 2,747.00 - 256 256 3,003.00
16 Canubing 2 M-H M L
1,176.00 958 2,134.00 - 1,784.50 1,784.50 3,918.50
17 Comunal L M L
0 1,409.70 1,639.71 3,049.41 0 3,049.41
18 Guinobatan L M L L

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2,519.00 1,048.00 3,567.00 - 0 3,567.00

19 Gulod L M L
2,160.00 580 2,740.00 - 2,180.00 1,233.50 3,413.50 6,153.50
20 Gutad M-H M M H
0 784 784 0 784
21 Ibaba East L M M M
0 - 345 345 345
22 Ibaba West L M M M
0 790 2,651.30 3,441.30 0 3,441.30
23 Ilaya L M L L
0 450.4 5,029.96 5,480.36 1,191.00 1,191.00 6,671.36
24 Lalud L M L
0 1,246.00 846 2,092.00 0 2,092.00
25 Lazareto L M L M M
0 56 1,716.76 1,772.76 0 1,772.76
26 Libis L M L M

Lumangbaya 0 332.9 3,793.98 4,126.88 0 4,126.88

27 L M L L
n
Mahal na 75.5 486.5 562 - 255.8 703 958.8 1,520.80
28 L M L M M
Pangalan
756.26 756.26 - 1,672.52 1,672.52 2,428.78
29 Maidlang M-H M M M
292 708 1,000.00 - 1,413.40 1,156.50 2,569.90 3,569.90
30 Malad L M L
-173 1,303.00 1,303.00 - 360 1,993.00 2,353.00 3,656.00
31 Malamig L M L
-300 2,165.00 2,165.00 - 2,350.00 2,350.00 4,515.00
32 Managpi L-M M L
0 860.5 2,510.52 3,371.02 0 3,371.02
33 Masipit M-H M L
1,556.00 994 2,550.00 - 1,092.00 1,092.00 3,642.00
34 Nag-iba 1 M M M
-113.5 1,583.50 1,470.00 - 1,071.65 1,738.50 2,810.15 4,280.15
35 Nag-iba 2 M-H M M
4,446.00 4,446.00 - 0 4,446.00
36 Navotas H M H H
170 170 - 3,370.40 3,370.40 1,006.00 1,006.00 4,546.40
37 Pachoca L M L M M
2,995.00 235 3,230.00 - 1,563.60 1,000.00 2,563.60 5,793.60
38 Palhi L M L L

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1,500.00 508 2,008.00 - 700 700 2,708.00

39 Panggalaan M-H M
760.8 239.2 1,000.00 - 406.4 2,221.70 2,628.10 3,628.10
40 Parang L M L M M
2,468.00 2,278.00 4,746.00 - 600 600 5,346.00
41 Patas M-H M
61 1,514.00 1,575.00 - 730 1,448.50 2,178.50 3,753.50
42 Personas L M L
1,900.00 2,040.00 3,940.00 - 120 120 4,060.00
43 Puting Tubig L-M M L

Salong(San 0 923.8 2,086.00 3,009.80 0 3,009.80

44 M L M M
Rafael)
0 199 672 871 0 871
45 San Antonio L M L M M

San Vicente 0 717.4 717.4 643.41 643.41 1,360.81

46 L M L
Central
San Vicente 0 38.2 1,128.80 1,167.00 29.2 258.9 288.1 1,455.10
47 L M L
East
San Vicente 0 753.5 753.5 833.8 833.8 1,587.30
48 L M L L
North
San Vicente 0 595.2 595.2 0 595.2
49 L M L
South
San Vicente 0 510 510 0 510
50 L M L L
West
950.3 1,749.70 2,700.00 - 2,463.00 2,122.70 4,585.70 7,285.70
51 Sapul L M L
1,212.00 60 1,272.00 - 585 360.3 945.3 2,217.30
52 Silonay M-H M L M
1,224.00 3,326.00 4,550.00 - 330 1,160.00 1,490.00 6,040.00
53 Sta. Cruz M-H M
213 996 1,209.00 - 0 1,209.00
54 Sta. Isabel L M L L

Sta. Maria 0 3,204.50 3,204.50 473.5 473.5 3,678.00

55 L M L
Village
-686 1,556.00 1,556.00 - 1,985.50 1,985.50 3,541.50
56 Sta. Rita M-H M
0 764.5 2,684.50 3,449.00 0 3,449.00
57 Sto. Niño L M L L

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-102 1,975.00 1,975.00 - 1,735.00 1,735.00 3,710.00

58 Suqui L M L M M
1,077.00 223 1,300.00 - 0 1,300.00
59 Tawagan L M L L
0 495.52 3,271.93 3,767.45 0 3,767.45
60 Tawiran M-H M L
0 511.2 751.66 1,262.86 0 1,262.86
61 Tibag L M M M
141 101.5 242.5 - 604.9 604.9 847.4
62 Wawa L M M M
33,943.55 49,377.96 86,107.41 8,436.47 43,262.67 51,699.14 26,837.59 48,260.26 75,097.85 212,904.40
GRAND TOTAL
NATIONAL ROAD
San Antonio-Panggalaan Road 17,500.00
Sta. Isabel-Sta Rita Road 6,500.00
Subtotal 24,000.00
OVER ALL TOTAL 236,904.40
Source: City Engineering and Public Works Department

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Table 7.2. Inventory of Bridges by Location, Type, Capacity and Condition, Year 2018
Bridge Hazard Susceptibility
Bridge Physical
Bridge Name Barangay Capacity Length
Type Condition Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
(Meter)
San Vicente Br. San Vicente Concrete Fair 20 T 26 L L M L L L
Biga Br. Biga Concrete Fair 20 T 5 L L M L L
Zaragosa Br. Biga Concrete Fair 20 T 9 L L M L L
Bucayao Br. Bucayao Concrete Fair 20 T 125 M-H L M L
Panggalaan Br. Panggalaan Concrete Fair 20 T 75 M-H L M L
Canubing Br. Canubing Concrete Fair 20 T 42 L L M L
Suqui Br. Suqui Concrete Fair 20 T M L M L M L L
Source: DPWH, City Engineering and Public Works Department

Table 7.3, Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, Year 2018

Ancillary Road Facilities Present

Road Name Per Road
(enumerate No. Condition
Classification
per cell)

National Road
Pedestrian crossing 6 Fair

Traffic Light 4 Fair

Provincial Road
Pedestrian crossing 3 Fair

Traffic Light 2 Fair

City/ Municipal Road
Street Light 676 Fair
Barangay Road 0 NA

Source: City Engineering and Public Works Department

Table 7.4. Tansportation Terminals by Type and Condition

Hazard Susceptibility
(H/M/L)
Physical
Type of Transportation Location
Condition
Fl Eq Ln Ts Su

Land
Jeepney (Different Calapan Public
L M L
municipalties) Market Fair
Angel Star (UV
L M L L
Express) Barangay Ilaya Fair

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Hazard Susceptibility
(H/M/L)
Physical
Type of Transportation Location
Condition
Fl Eq Ln Ts Su

L M L L
RODASTCO Barangay Ilaya Fair
Barangay San Vicente
L M L
PVANS East Fair
Calapan Public
L M L
Pto Galera UV Express Market Fair
Philippine Ports
L M L M M
ALL UV Express Authority Fair
Calapan Public
L M M
FilCab Market Fair
Calapan Public
L M L
Tricycle Market Fair
Barangay
L M L L
Yellow Mega Van Lumangbayan Fair

Water
Philippine Ports
L M L M M
Authority Barangay San Antonio Fair

Air
Civil Aviation
Authority of the L M L L L

Philippines Barangay Suqui Fair

Figure 7.1. Classification of Public Land Transport in the City

3500

500
120 60

Tricyle van multicab Jeepneys

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Franchised tricycles which account to 3,500 at present are the primary

means of commuting within the city. An increasing number of private vehicles
as well contribute to the traffic bottleneck partly attributed to the narrow
roads that have limited holding capacity. This situation worsens in the morning
during peak hours from 6:30am to 8:00am and in the afternoon between
4:30pm and 6:00pm and even during noontime.

Traffic rules should be strictly implemented along J. P. Rizal St. and

some major thoroughfares. For effective and efficient traffic management, it
is recommended that one-way routes and bicycle lanes must be devised to
complement the relatively narrow roads within the city proper. An overpass
for crossing pedestrians particularly in front of populated school areas could
also be put up. In a larger perspective, the establishment of an integrated
multi-modal transport terminal in a site away from the congested area must
be considered.

The upgrading and expansion of the city’s road network will cover
works to be undertaken by the Department of Public Works and Highways in
coordination with the City Government which shall consist of the following:
Preventive maintenance of national roads; road widening; rehabilitation,
reconstruction and upgrading of of damaged paved national roads and
those with slips, slope collapse and landslide; construction, upgrading and
rehabilitation of drainage along national roads; construction of bypass and
diversion roads, missing links and new roads; paving of unpaved roads
including concreting of farm-to-market (FMR) roads and access roads to
settlements and construction and improvement of access roads leading to
airports, seaports, declared tourism destinations, trades, industries and
economic zones. The foregoing scheme will increase accessibility between
major facilities such as the seaport and the Strong Republic Nautical Highway
and will provide alternative access roads for disaster management and
mitigation. In similar manner, it will ease the traffic congestion along certain
road sections of the city.

7.1.2 Water Based

The Port of Calapan City is the primary seaport serving the city which
connected through routes to the Port of Batangas City in mainland Luzon. It is
the main gateway to Oriental Mindoro and vital link to the Strong Republic
Nautical Highway (SRNH) that links mainland Luzon to western islands in
Visayas. The city has several small vessel-landing facilities also. Small ports for
handling bancas may be found in Wawa, Calero and Tawagan.

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Calapan City Port is located at the northern portion of the city

(barangay San Antonio) and is about 2.5 kms. from the downtown area. This is
the nearest port in Mindoro Island to Batangas International Port and the
Batangas-Calapan route has become the busiest sea-lane in the entire
island.

Table 7.5. Shipping Companies Plying Calapan- Batangas Route and Number of Trips
Monthly
Janu Febru Marc Augus Septem Nove Dece
April May June July October Total
ary ary h t ber mber mber

Ship
Calls 2,757 2,472 2,672 3,113 3,341 2,724 2,829 2,898 2,482 2,859 2,788 2,898 33,833

Shipping Companies Plying Calapan- Batangas Route

x Monetenegro Shipping Lines, Inc.
x Starlite Ferries, Inc.
x Orange Navigation
x Besta Shipping Lines
x Archipelago Philippines Ferries Corporation
x Starhorse Shipping Line
x Asian Marine Transportation Corporation
x Ocean Fast Ferries, Inc
x Supercat Fast Ferry Corporation

Table 7.6. Comparison of Port Traffic Statistics 2018 and 2019

PMO MINDORO 2018 2019
Ship calls 33,833 35,383
GRT 27,276,948 28,300,502
Passengers 8,068,373 8,499,261
Inbound 4,265,339 4,411,530
Outbound 3,803,134 4,087,731
Cargo throughput
646,146 896,630
Non-RORO
Inbound 522,265 571,874
Outbound 123,881 324,755
RORO
Inbound 397,520 402,618
Type I 27,786 35,649
Type II 159,135 167,613
Type III 50,629 49,303
Type IV 159,970 150,053
Outbound 395,744 402,320
Type I 28,937 36,898

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PMO MINDORO 2018 2019

Type II 150,212 158,475
Type III 58,871 58,303
Type IV 157,724 148,644

Source: Philippine Ports Authority

The long-term plan for the port is for it to become an alternate to the
Batangas International Port, the full development of which is expected to
trigger an upsurge in the traffic volume along the Calapan-Batangas route. In
the full implementation of the Port Development Plan, it shall include
additional berthing facilities, Ro-Ro ramps, wharf structures, ship repair
facilities, passenger terminal, warehousing facilities, a fishing port (fish market,
ice plant and other utilities), a town area, a tourism area and an area for light
industries like processing plants, cold warehouses and similar related
structures. It may be designed to handle 2.86 to 5.59 MT of cargoes and
about 3.7 million to 4.4 million passengers. It shall be able to accommodate
Ro-Ro vessels, conventional cargoes, fast-craft ferries and container vessels.

Sea transportation from Batangas Port is accessible to tourists and local

commuters via fifteen (15) Roll-on Roll-off (RoRo) vessels under the
management of Montenegro Lines, Starlite Ferries, Baleno and FastCat while
four (4) units of fastcrafts are handled by 2Go and OceanJet companies. The
shipcalls for 2016 totalled to 18,686.

7.1.3 Air Based

Classified as a secondary airport by the Civil Aviation Authority of the

Philippines (CAAP), Calapan Airport occupies 20 hectares of land in
Barangay Lazareto. It is used for general aviation and has a 30-meter wide by
900-meter long runway. It mainly handles small planes and choppers and is
being used for daytime operations only since it has neither runway lights nor
communication facilities. Air traffic is handled through visual and auditory
signals only. Realizing the City’s role in the region’s development, efforts have
been made for the Department of Transportation (DOTr) to consider the
improvement and upgrading of facilities within the Calapan City Airport in the
next few years.

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Table 7.7. Aircraft movements of CAAP 2018 and 2019

Airport Suqui, Calapan City

Aircraft Movement

2018 2019

a. Private/Commercial Aircraft
736 93
Landed

b. Government including Military

6 19
Craft

Source: Civil Aviation Authority of the Philippines

7.2 Power

Table 7.8. Status of Energization as of 2018

HH No.
Total No. No. of
Barangay Electrification Unenergized
of HH Energized HH
Level HH

Balingayan 330 989 299.7 -659

Balite 815 1576 193.37 -761
Baruyan 709 838 118.19 -129
Batino 375 416 110.93 -41
Bayanan I 247 448 181.38 -201
Bayanan II 686 938 136.73 -252
Biga 512 732 142.97 -220
Bondoc 91 63 69.23 28
Bucayao 582 750 128.87 -168
Buhuan 198 177 89.39 21
Bulusan 980 670 68.37 310
Calero 328 678 206.71 -350
Camansihan 554 1564 282.31 -1010
Camilmil 995 653 65.63 342
Canubing I 893 1168 130.8 -275
Canubing II 789 843 106.84 -54
Comunal 719 1011 140.61 -292
Guinobatan 847 983 116.06 -136
Gulod 201 210 104.48 -9
Gutad 271 322 118.82 -51
Ibaba East 219 642 293.15 -423

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HH No.
Total No. No. of
Barangay Electrification Unenergized
of HH Energized HH
Level HH
Ibaba West 614 854 139.09 -240
Ilaya 879 1047 119.11 -168
Lalud 938 1734 184.86 -796
Lazareto 1053 887 84.24 166
Libis 365 434 118.9 -69
Lumangbayan 1265 3223 254.78 -1958
Mahal na Pangalan 306 374 122.22 -68
Maidlang 256 267 104.3 -11
Malad 189 228 120.63 -39
Malamig 446 509 114.13 -63
Managpi 619 845 136.51 -226
Masipit 753 1288 171.05 -535
Nag-Iba I 245 258 105.31 -13
Nag-Iba II 375 360 96 15
Navotas 179 181 101.12 -2
Pachoca 806 1169 145.04 -363
Palhi 535 698 130.47 -163
Pangalaan 118 160 135.59 -42
Parang 664 828 124.7 -164
Patas 196 258 131.63 -62
Personas 303 353 116.5 -50
Puting Tubig 345 439 127.25 -94
Salong 751 810 107.86 -59
San Antonio 733 1246 169.99 -513
San Vicente Central 96 926 964.58 -830
San Vicente East 197 565 286.8 -368
San Vicente North 178 1556 874.16 -1378
San Vicente South 127 557 438.58 -430
San Vicente West 146 527 360.96 -381
Sapul 715 1230 172.03 -515
Silonay 320 361 112.81 -41
Sta. Cruz 157 146 92.99 11
Sta. Isabel 909 1449 159.41 -540
Sta. Maria Village 379 815 215.04 -436
Sta. Rita 420 526 125.24 -106
Sto. Niño 768 1205 156.9 -437
Suqui 501 1293 258.08 -792
Tawagan 286 355 124.13 -69

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HH No.
Total No. No. of
Barangay Electrification Unenergized
of HH Energized HH
Level HH
Tawiran 526 1007 191.44 -481
Tibag 528 976 184.85 -448
Wawa 207 294 142.03 -87
Total 30734 47909 11125.85
Source: Calapan City Ecological Profile 2018

Table 7.9. Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average Consumption for
the Past Three Years
2016 2017 2018
No.
Type of No. of
of No. of
Consu conn
conn KW % KW % conne KW %
mer ectio
ectio ctions
ns
ns
BAPA 574 33,554 0.53 597 39472 0.52 608 46233 0.57
Commer
cial 2,430 1,455,705 22.92 2521 2263812 29.67 2634 2109762 26.19
Industrial 65 1,377,521 21.69 66 1386117 18.17 70 1443637 17.92
Public
Building 622 727,593 11.46 638 801503 10.5 665 868325 10.78
Residenti
al 29061 2,673,971 42.11 30832 3044216 39.9 32476 3482088 43.23
Street
Light 298 82,116 1.29 308 94695 1.24 330 104246 1.29
Total 33,050 6350460 100 34962 7629815 100 36783 8054291 100
Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC.

Figure 7.2. Power Consumption (kW) by Type of Consumers, Year 2018

104246 46233

2109762
3482088

1443637

868325

BAPA Commercial Industrial Public Building Street Light

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Figure 7.3. Power Consumption by Type of Consumers, Year 2016-2018

3482088

3044216
2,673,971

2263812
2109762
kW

1,455,705 1386117 1443637

1,377,521
801503
727,593 868325
39472 94695

33,554 46233 82,116 104246

BAPA Commercial Industrial Public Building Street Light

Type of Consumer
2016 2017 2018

Table 7.10. Projected Number of Connections by Type of Users and Average

Consumption (KWH/Mo.)
2020 2021
Type of Consumers No. of No. of
KW % KW %
Connection Connection

BAPA 646 47158 0.57% 672 48101 0.56%

Commercial 2859 2194152 26.74% 2945 2238030 26.26%
Industrial 73 1472510 17.95% 76 1501960 17.62%
Public Building 711 877008 10.69% 740 894548 10.50%
Residential 35515 3603961 43.92% 36936 3730106 43.76%

Street Light 382 10416 0.13% 413 110584 1.30%

TOTAL 40186 8205205 41782 8523329

Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC.
Projected Number of Connections for CY 2020 and 2021
BAPA- 4%, COMMERCIAL- 3%, INDUSTRIAL- 3%, PUBLIC BUILDING- 4%, RESIDENTIAL- 4%,
STREET LIGHT- 8%
Projected Average Consumptions for CY 2020 and 2021
BAPA- 2%, COMMERCIAL- 4%, INDUSTRIAL- 2%, PUBLIC BUILDING- 1%, RESIDENTIAL-
3.5%, STREET LIGHT- 4%

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Table 7.11. Power Transmission/Distribution Line, Year 2018

Year Hazard Susceptibility

Name of Construc
Width Voltag
Line ted/ Area Occupied (ha) Length (m) V
(m) e (kV) Fl Tc Eq Ln Ts Su O
Owner Develop o
ed

Sta. Isabel, Masipit, Tawiran, Lalud,

Feeder
Camilmil, San Vicente South, Sta. 45,955.11 13.2 L L M L L L L
R2A
Maria Village

Sta. Isabel, Sapul, Guinobatan,

Lumang Bayan, Nacoco, Libis, Calero,
Feeder
Salong, San Antonio, Lazareto, 126,649.02 13.2 L L M L L L L
R2B
Parang, Bulusan, Bondoc, Ilaya, Sto.
Niño, Suqui
Sta. Isabel, Masipit, Tawiran, Lalud,
Tibag, Mahal na Pangalan, Wawa,
Feeder
Pambisan, San Vicente West, San 65,758.89 13.2 L L M L L L L
R2C
Vicente North, San Vicente South, San
Vicente East, Balite, Ilaya, Pachoca
Feeder
Sta. Isabel, Masipit, Tawiran Gaisano 3,463.67 13.2 L L M L L L L
R2D

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Year Hazard Susceptibility

Name of Construc
Width Voltag
Line ted/ Area Occupied (ha) Length (m) V
(m) e (kV) Fl Tc Eq Ln Ts Su O
Owner Develop o
ed
Batino, Bayanan 1, Bayanan 2, Biga,
Bucayao, Camansihan, General Esco,
Gulod, Gutad, Inarawan, Mahabang
Parang, Maidlang, Malad, Managpi,
Feeder R3 338,933.45 13.2 L L M L L L L
Merit, Palhi, Panggalaan, Parang,
Puing Tubig, San Andres, San luis, San
Nicolas, Sta. Isabel, Sapul, Silonay,
Tagumpay, Tigkan
Alag, Aurora, Balinggayan, Baras,
Baruyan, Bayanan, Bigaan, Burbulin
Caagutayan, Calangatan, Calsapa,
Canubing 1, Canubing 2, Dulaangan
1, Dulangan 2, Dulangan 3,
Evangelista, Ilag, Katwiran 1, Katwiran
2, Lantuyang, Lumang Bayan, Socorro,
Feeder R4 13.2 L L M L L L L
Malamig, Malapad, Mangangan 1,
Mangangan 2, Mayabig, Mayagao,
Patas, Poblacion, Putikan Cabulo, San
Andres, San Rafael, Santa Cruz, Santa
Isabel, Santa Rita (Bungahan), Sta.
Rosa 1, Sta. Rosa 2, Sta. Cruz, TAbon-
Tabon, Tacligan, Tagumpay, 618,491.92

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Year Hazard Susceptibility

Name of Construc
Width Voltag
Line ted/ Area Occupied (ha) Length (m) V
(m) e (kV) Fl Tc Eq Ln Ts Su O
Owner Develop o
ed
Tawagan, Villaflor, Water

Arangin, Aurora, Balingayan, Bayanan

1, Bayanan 2, Biga, Comunal, Del Pilar,
Feeder
Evangelista, Magtibay, Malad, Malvar, 13.2 L L M L L L L
Yellow
Masagana, Metolza, Mulawin,
Panikian, Personas, Sta. Isabel 257,957.65
Feeder Gutad, Maidlang, Nag- Iba 1, Nag-
313,010.02 13.2 L L M L L L L
R12A Iba 2, Navotas
Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC

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Table 7.12. Number of Watts Available for Usage and Number of Watts being
supplied, per Barangay
Name Hazard Susceptibility
Demand
of Barangay Ownership
(MW) Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su O
Feeder
Masipit, Tawiran,
R2A Lalud, Camilmil, ORMECO 4.6 L L M L L L L
SMV
Sta. Isabel, Sapul,
Guinobatan,
R2B Lumangbayan, ORMECO 4 L L M L L L L
Nacoco, Ilaya,
Bulusan
Balite, Wawa,
Pachoca, Tibag,
San Vicente,
Ibaba, Bagong
Pook, Mahal na
R2C ORMECO 4 L L M L L L L
Pangalan,
Calero, Libis,
Salong, San
Antonio,
Lazareto, Suqui

Sta. Isabel,
R2D ORMECO 0.8 L L M L L L L
Masipit, Tawiran

Bayanan, Palhi,
R3 Parang, Putting ORMECO 2.6 L L M L L L L
Tubig, Biga
Canubing 1,
Canubing 2,
R4 Balingayan, ORMECO 0.7 L L M L L L L
Malamig, Sta.
Rita
Malad, Comunal,
YELLOW
Bucayao, ORMECO 0.5 L L M L L L L
TIE LINE
Panggalaan
Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC.

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Table 7.13. Power Plants, Year 2018

Date of
Typ Hazard Susceptibility
Area Year Capa Commi
Name of BARAN Owner e of
Occu Constr city ssion/
Power Plant GAY ship Plan F T E V L T S Oth
pied ucted (MW) Operati
t l c q o n s u ers
on
BRGY.
Dies
STA. DMCI
15 MW DPC el/ Februar
ISABEL, Power
CALAPAN 1.6 ha 2014 15.30 Bun y 23, L L M L L L L
CALAP Corpor
POWER PLANT ker- 2015
AN ation
C
CITY
BRGY.
Dies
STA.
Ormin el/ Novem
CALAPAN ISABEL,
Power 0.5 ha 2011 9.60 Bun ber 11, L L M L L L L
DIESEL POWER CALAP
Inc. ker- 2011
PLANT ORMIN AN
C
POWER CITY
BRGY. July 5,
8.00 Dies
STA. CPGC 2013
el/
Power One ISABEL,
Bun L L M L L L L
Corporation CALAP August
2014 6.30 ker-
AN 25, 2014
C
CITY SIPC
Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC.

Table 7.14 Power Substation, Year 2018

Name of Capacit Hazard Susceptibility
Barangay Ownership
Substation y (MVA) Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su

Calapan Sta.
NPC 20 L L M L L L L
Substation Isabel
Source: Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, INC.

The Oriental Mindoro Electric Cooperative, Inc. (ORMECO) handles the

distribution of electric power supply coming largely from the National Power
Corporation (NAPOCOR) and the DMCI 15 MW bunker-fired diesel power plant. The
city’s other demand for electricity is sourced from IPPs (Independent Power
Producers). As of 2016, the total number of connections is 151,240 with a residential
rate per kwh of about P10.2621. Electricity is supplied in all the 62 barangays.

7.3 Water

Table 7.15. Water Analysis Matrix

Technical Implications (Effects) Policy
findings/observations options/Recommendations
x There are barangays x Health risk to x Upgrading to level 1
which still have poor population water supply system
access to potable
water supply
x Water provided by x Insufficient supply of x Develop potential
water company has water to residential water source

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Technical Implications (Effects) Policy

findings/observations options/Recommendations
low pressure during and commercial x Coordinate with water
peak hours establishments company to increase
water pressure in the
area
x Absence of x Health risk to x Construction of
wastewater population sewerage system,
treatment facility septage treatment
plant and sewage or
wastewater treatment
plant
x Saltwater intrusion to x Lack of supply for x Develop potential
ground water potable water for water source, e.g.
human consumption; surface water from
dismal effect to rivers
ecological systems x Formulate policies that
will regulate further
extraction of water
from the ground

The Calapan Water is the lone concessionaire in the city managing the water
requirements of majority of households and industries from the urban barangays and
gradually to the rural barangays. The water company has put up a number of wells
already in areas where water has been extracted from the ground which draws
doubts from consumers on whether the water supply can be sustained for a longer
period of time due to issues of saltwater intrusion into the ground water. This now
requires for a long-term alternative to ground water extraction and that is a water
supply system to be sourced from river basins within the city and nearby
municipalities.

Table 7.16. Water Supply System by Level and Number of Population Served, Year
2018
Level
Level
No. of II- Level Total Total
Level I- HH Lev Leve
Barangay Hous HH III- HH [Level HH
I Serve el II l III
ehold Serv Served I, II, III] served
d
ed
1 Balingayan 372 0 0 0 0 85 372 85 372
2 Balite 938 43 69 2 848 2 21 47 938
3 Baruyan 800 18 615 0 0 15 185 33 800
4 Batino 416 2 7 3 407 2 2 7 416
5 Bayanan I 233 0 0 0 0 2 233 2 233
6 Bayanan II 683 5 99 0 0 68 584 73 683
7 Biga 567 0 0 0 0 12 567 12 567

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Level
Level
No. of II- Level Total Total
Level I- HH Lev Leve
Barangay Hous HH III- HH [Level HH
I Serve el II l III
ehold Serv Served I, II, III] served
d
ed
8 Bondoc 123 18 123 0 0 0 0 18 123
9 Bucayao 624 0 0 32 554 1 70 33 624
10 Buhuan 199 37 199 0 0 0 0 37 199
11 Bulusan 619 5 10 0 0 313 609 318 619
12 Calero 372 12 36 0 0 3 336 15 372
13 Camansihan 581 581 581 0 0 0 0 581 581
14 Camilmil 931 46 46 0 0 885 885 931 931
15 Canubing I 863 116 213 52 376 106 274 274 863
16 Canubing II 849 166 522 0 0 1 327 167 849
17 Comunal 767 1 29 0 0 54 738 55 767
18 Guinobatan 872 265 507 0 0 1 365 266 872
19 Gulod 204 75 204 0 0 0 0 75 204
20 Gutad 320 8 320 5 0 0 0 13 320
21 Ibaba East 224 0 0 0 0 1 244 1 244
22 Ibaba West 616 1 22 0 0 1 594 2 616
23 Ilaya 980 0 0 0 0 1 980 1 980
24 Lalud 993 0 0 0 0 1 993 1 993
25 Lazareto 1028 17 656 0 0 1 372 18 1028
26 Libis 354 0 0 0 0 1 354 1 354
Lumangbaya
27 n 948 0 0 0 0 1 948 1 948
Mahal na
28 Pangalan 318 2 203 0 0 1 115 3 318
29 Maidlang 275 230 275 0 0 0 0 230 275
30 Malad 198 0 0 1 32 26 166 27 198
31 Malamig 488 2 488 0 0 0 0 2 488
32 Managpi 739 517 671 0 0 6 68 523 739
33 Masipit 719 1 21 0 0 1 698 2 719
34 Nag-Iba I 274 50 274 0 0 0 0 50 274
35 Nag-Iba II 356 102 356 0 0 0 0 102 356
36 Navotas 178 2 165 0 0 1 13 3 178
37 Pachoca 850 4 59 1 70 3 721 8 850
38 Palhi 703 426 650 0 0 1 53 427 703
39 Pangalaan 124 3 3 1 31 11 90 15 124
40 Parang 729 63 652 0 0 1 77 64 729
41 Patas 212 46 180 1 29 3 3 50 212
42 Personas 351 3 3 50 101 58 247 111 351

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Level
Level
No. of II- Level Total Total
Level I- HH Lev Leve
Barangay Hous HH III- HH [Level HH
I Serve el II l III
ehold Serv Served I, II, III] served
d
ed
43 Puting Tubig 336 23 113 3 3 7 220 33 336
44 San Antonio 814 1 198 0 0 2 616 3 814
45 San Rafael 789 1 125 0 0 1 664 2 789
San Vicente
46 Central 80 0 0 0 0 1 80 1 80
San Vicente
47 East 134 0 0 0 0 2 134 2 134
San Vicente
48 North 135 0 0 0 0 1 135 1 135
San Vicente
49 South 147 0 0 0 0 1 147 1 147
San Vicente
50 West 149 0 0 0 0 1 149 1 149
51 Sapul 831 591 637 0 0 1 194 592 831
52 Silonay 363 0 0 0 0 1 363 1 363
53 Sta. Cruz 178 17 178 0 0 0 0 17 178
54 Sta. Isabel 886 38 119 16 25 46 742 100 886
Sta. Maria
55 Village 315 0 0 0 0 1 315 1 315
56 Sta. Rita 410 163 369 0 0 1 41 164 410
57 Sto. Niño 830 1 0 0 0 1 830 2 830
58 Suqui 672 201 201 0 0 1 471 202 672
59 Tawagan 315 0 0 0 0 22 315 22 315
60 Tawiran 585 23 40 20 40 2 505 45 585
61 Tibag 533 21 123 0 0 315 410 336 533
62 Wawa 222 3 207 0 0 1 15 4 222
Total 3950 187 2077 6214 31734
Source: BNS/BSI Survey 2018

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Figure 7.4. Water Supply System by Level and Number of Population Served, Year
2018

3950

2077

187

Level I Level II Level III

Level

Table 7.17. Level III Local Waterworks System by Type and Number of Consumers
and Average Water Consumption, Year 2018
Numb Type of Consumer
er of Domestic Commercial Industrial Others
Baran Ave. Ave. Ave. Ave.
No. of No. of No. of No. of
gays Water Water Water Water
Conne Conne Conne Conne
Serve Consu Consu Consu Consu
ctions ctions ctions ctions
d mption mption mption mption

36 14939 16.98% 920 48.64 N/A N/A N/A N/A

TOTAL 14939 16.98% 920 48.64 0 0 0 0
Source: Calapan Waterworks Corp.

Table 7.18. Level II Water Supply System by Type and Number of Population Served,
Year 2018
Water Type Hazard Susceptibility
Physic
Pump Pipelin of Year
Owner al
ID/ e Pipe Establ
ship Conditi
Name Diamet Mater ished T E V L T S Oth
on
er ial Fl c q o n s u ers
Service PVC, From
Private 50 Fair M M M L L M M
Line HOPE 1997
Distributi 75,100, PVC, to
Private Fair L L M L L L L
on Lines 150 HOPE prese
Distributi PVC, nt on
Private 200,250 Fair L L M L L L L
on Lines HOPE going

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Water Type Hazard Susceptibility

Physic
Pump Pipelin of Year
Owner al
ID/ e Pipe Establ
ship Conditi
Name Diamet Mater ished T E V L T S Oth
on
er ial Fl c q o n s u ers
PVC, progr
Private 300,350 Fair L L M L L L L
Transmis HOPE ess
sion devel
HDPE,
Lines Private 350,400 opm Fair L L H L L L L
STEEL
ent
Source: Calapan Waterworks Corp.

Table 7.19. Water reservoir and Tanks, Year 2018

Location/ Volume (cubic

Tank Remarks
Barangay meter)

Well BGa Collector Tank 1 Biga 27 Operational

Well BGa Collector Tank 2 Biga 100 Operational

Lumangbayan Reservoir Lumangbayan 1,500 Operational

Neo Calapan Elevated Tank 1 Bulusan 174 Operational

Wireless Tank Bulusan 245 Not Operational

Lazareto Tank Lazareto 10 Operational

Old Provincial Tank Ilaya 38 Operational

Samapaloc Tank Ilaya 153 Operational

Source: Calapan Waterworks Corp.

Table 7.20. Calapan Water Works Well Station, Year 2018

Location/ Approved Discharge

Well No. Remarks
Barangay Rate (lps)

4 Tawiran 18.93 Operational

9 Bayanan 1 32.00 Operational

10 Bayanan 1 32.00 Operational

12 Bayanan 1 32.00 Operational

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Location/ Approved Discharge

Well No. Remarks
Barangay Rate (lps)

B1a Bayanan 1 20.70 Operational

B1b Bayanan 1 40.00 Operational

B2a Bayanan II 32.00 Operational (new)

BGa Biga 27.00 Operational

BGb Biga 32.00 Operational

Sta. Isabel Sta. Isabel 32.00 Not Operational

Source: Calapan Waterworks Corp.

Calapan Water continuously operates eleven – (11) booster units to ensure

adequate water supply during peak hour demand on higher elevations and
extreme areas within the service barangays.

Table 7.21. List of Water Booster Units, Year 2018

Booster Station No. Location/ Remarks

Barangay

Well 4 Booster 1 Tawiran On line Booster – Operational

Well 4 Booster 2 Tawiran On line Booster – Operational

C5 Booster 1 Sapul On line Booster – Not Operational

C5 Booster 2 Sapul On line Booster – Not Operational

GH Booster 1 Ilaya On line Booster – Operational

GH Booster 2 Ilaya On line Booster – Operational

Salong Booster San Rafael On line Booster – Operational

Neo Calapan Booster Sto. Nino (Nacoco) On line Booster – Operational

Lumangbayan Booster 1 Lumangbayan On line Booster – Operational

Lumangbayan Booster 2 Lumangbayan On line Booster – Operational

Lumangbayan Booster 3 Lumangbayan On line Booster – Operational

Well BGa Booster 1 Biga Booster Pump - Operational

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Booster Station No. Location/ Remarks

Barangay

Well BGa Booster 2 Biga Booster Pump – Operational

Well Sta. Isabel Booster Sta. Isabel Booster Pump – Not Operational

Source: Calapan Waterworks Corp.

The water system in the city is serviced by Calapan Waterworks Corporation

through its six (6) wells strategically situated in some barangays with the support of
nine (9) other facilities like boosters. As of 2018, there are 13,384 connections
covering Calapan’s 35 barangays. Predominantly, rural barangays utilize the deep
well free-flowing water system which had been the source of potable water for
decades already in the rural barangays. The surface water which can be sourced
out from major river systems in the city and neighboring towns could be deemed
alternative source in case of saltwater intrusion or other unlikely events in the future.

7.4 Information and Communications Technology

Table 7.22. Information and Communication Technology Matrix

Technical
Implications
Findings/Observation Policy Options/ Recommendations
(Effects)
s
x Relatively poor x Has slowed x Representation/coordination
internet down the with telecommunication
connectivity city’s socio- companies to extend services in
x Insufficient IT economic the area;
infrastructure developme x Propose an Information and
nt prospects Technology Park/Zone under
x Residents PEZA
deprived of x Provision of incentives to IT
fast, modern locators to attract them to
and invest in the city
efficient
information
and
communica
tion
technology
x Lack of social
acceptability
for cell sites x Low x Advocacy for social
due to economic acceptability of
assumed investment telecommunication facilities
health/security
reasons

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As a fast-rising economic hub in the region, the city inevitably commits to

intensify its bid to be a center of information and communication technology. The
proposed IT Park as one of its relevant economic zones is but a timely and proper
response to its increasing number of investments.

Table 7.23. Communication Services Facilities, Year 2018

Ownership Hazard Susceptibility
Type Barangay Publi Priv Oth
Fl Tc Eq Vo Ln Ts Su
c ate ers
San Vicente South,
Postal Lumangbayan,
1 4 M L M L L L L
Services Tawiran, Camilmil,
San Vicente East
Telephone
Camilmil, Sta
Service 3 M L M L L L L
Maria Village
Provider
Cell Sites
Network
Broadcast San Vicente
and Central, Lalud, L-
6 M L M L L M
Television San Rafael, M
Network Tawiran
Others

7.4.1 Telephone

Calapan Telephone System Inc. (CATSI) operates a land-based facility

and has over 4,200 subscribers. CATSI provides direct distance dialing services
for national and international long distance calls. Globe Telecoms also
provides landline telephone services apart from its pre-paid and post-paid
services to its growing number of subscribers. Its closest rival is SMART which
also has a large number of subscribers.

Cellular telephone companies operating in the city include SMART and

GLOBE. These companies offer a variety of packages for the different needs
of the residents.

7.4.2 Broadcast Media

The city is home to four different radio stations: DWOM-FM 105.5 in Brgy.
San Rafael; DZSB Spirit FM 104.1 and Radyo Natin Calapan 96.9 in Brgy. Lalud;
and DWXR Kalahi FM 101.7. It is noticeable that these radio stations operate in
Frequency Modulation. The City Government, on the other hand, maintains its
radio communication network that is linked it to the rest of Oriental Mindoro. It

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is also being utilized in the daily operations of the City Public Safety
Department in its quick-response services.

There are two cable television stations operating in the city: the
Calapan TV Network and Calapan Cable System.

7.4.3 Postal Services

There is a public postal service in the city that reaches different parts of
the country. Private postal services include LBC Air Cargo, JRS Express, 2Go
Express, and a few small local providers.

7.4.4 Print Media

Although cellular data usage is common in the city, broadsheet,

tabloids and magazines circulate daily except when constrained by weather
disturbance that often results to cancellation of boat trips. Local newspapers
are usually available in stores along the city’s main streets.

7.4.5 Remittance Centers

Remittance centers are being provided by LBC Padala, Western Union,

and M. Luillier Pawnshop. At present, commercial banks offer the same
service to their clients. Recently, a Bayad Center is installed at the City Public
Market where customers can also pay their bills, credit cards, insurance, and
even real estate dues.

7.4.6 Computer Shops

Computer shops are profuse in the Central Business District. These

establishments provide typing, gaming, printing, lay-out, chatting, and
researching services to its customers.

7.4.7 Internet Services

Free Wi-Fi services can be accessed at Calapan City Port, the Xentro
Mall and some fast food establishments and restaurants. Plan and pre-paid
cellular data services can be subscribed from SMART and Globe companies.

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8. DEVELOPMENT CONSTRAINTS: PRIORITY ISSUES AND

CONCERNS

City’s growth has to contend with the intersection and overlay of three critical
developmental concerns.

x Rapid Population Growth

– Growth spilling into what used to be rural areas of the city
– Growing pressure on city services and utilities
– Growth of informal settlers

x Limited Economic Base

– Limited employment opportunities
– Low income and incidence of poverty
– Limited local public financial resources

x Environmental Concerns
– Climate change adaptation and mitigation
– Solid Waste management
– Potable water

8.1 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND COMPETITIVE EDGE

Republic Act 10879 (MIMAROPA Act) recognizes MIMAROPA as a region with

its implementing rules and regulations that designates Calapan City to be the
regional government center location. With this development, regional line agencies
are required to situate their regional offices in the city. More employment for
Calapeños become visible coupled by farther economic interchange and
promising investments.

It is worth mentioning that Calapan City will have a comparative advantage

over other towns and cities in the region cause of its proximity to Manila and other
provinces of Visayas. Regional conferences will be typically carried out in the
locality. Tourism channel can be given a boost to resorts and local restaurants.

Along with it, responsibility on basic facilities like water, electricity and
transportation should be suitably taken care of.

8.2 FUNCTIONAL ROLES OF THE CITY

The City’s functional role in the province’s hierarchy still presents itself to be
the capital town where education, trade and commerce remain to be at the core.

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It serves as gateway from Luzon to the Southern Philippines and vice versa. Calapan,
situated strategically, provides access to Western Visayas through the Strong
Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH). It offers higher level of services and opportunities
to the increasing population in the MIMAROPA region. It is also seen as major
transportation hub for agriculture and tourism within its periphery. Other functional
roles are the following: seat of the Provincial Government where the newly-
renovated provincial capitol is situated in Barangay Camilmil; the site of the
Regional Government Center of MIMAROPA Region to be erected in five-hectare lot
in Barangay Sta. Isabel owned by the Provincial Government of Oriental Mindoro
and the site of agricultural, agri-industrial, tourism development and regional center
for industry. This identified role of the City is based on the province’s Provincial
Development and Physical Framework Plan 2016-2025 and MIMAROPA Regional
Development Plan 2017-2022.

8.3 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

8.3.1 Generated Wastes

The ever-growing volume of wastes generated by different sectors in

the city demands safe disposal areas and mechanisms. Calapan City, being
the economic center of the province of Oriental Mindoro and identified as
the Regional Government Center of MIMAROPA is faced with the challenges
brought about by solid waste management.

The City of Calapan has a calculated waste generation of 48,000

kilograms per day with per capita generation of 0.5563 kg/day. It is 45
percent higher than the 2012 waste generation record. This only shows that
the continuous urbanization has noticeably increased the volume of wastes
generated daily.

Residential areas contributed the most waste generation with 77.53%

while the industrial sources became the least contributor of 0.03%; with regard
to waste by composition, biodegradable wastes account the biggest
percentage of 41.95% while the special wastes has a very minimal share of
3.87%.

8.3.2 Diverted Wastes

The recent WACS shows that 9.44 percent of the wastes brought to the
disposal site may potentially be diverted. Public market samples are 91
percent biodegradable waste which is 6.43 percent of the total wastes
generated and can perhaps be sent directly for composting facility at
farmers Scientist Research and Extension Center (FSREC) of the City

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Agricultural Services Department. However, majority of the wastes were

contributed by the household sector. The City will need to focus much of its
efforts in this sector.

Residual wastes are generated at a rate of 6588.960 kg/day or roughly

13.76 percent of the total daily generation. The figure manifested the great
need for the City to delve into alternative technologies to attain its diversion
target in the year 2025.

8.3.3 Source Reduction

The uncontrollable and continuing effects of ineffective solid waste

management pose serious problems. Through massive education and
information campaign, barangay officials were educated and had their
support solicited regarding their responsibility in helping the City Government
in addressing the problems of solid wastes. Important aspects of SWM had
been achieved through the joint efforts of barangays and the City
Government by means of education of community leaders and members on
the importance of proper SWM practices: enhancement of skills of SWM staff
and community members on managing solid wastes, maintenance and
operation of Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) and reduction of solid wastes,
introduction of techniques and technologies in waste segregation to reduce
the volume of garbage being dumped to the present disposal site, and
encouragement of people’s active participation in solid waste management
concurrent with the activation of the duly instituted Barangay Waste
Management Councils (BWMCs) through livelihood projects that will provide
sufficient benefits for the people. The incentive system will encourage more
participation from the community while the MRF of every barangay in active
state for the depository of residual and recyclable wastes prior to collection
by the City Government will have to be maintained.

The City Government properly implemented integrated solid waste

management programs through the following measures: promoting it through
networking of barangay solid waste workers; conduct intensive information
and education campaign of R.A 9003 at the barangay level especially the
responsibility of the community and households in waste segregation and
disposal; conduct seminars and trainings and form an action team (barangay
level) to identify strategies of SWM programs; involve all stakeholders in the
planning and implementation of the program; provide incentives to those
who implement the program and provide various livelihood activities based
on the use of recyclable materials; conduct Search for the Most Productive,
Cleanest and Greenest School Campus; time and motion implementation of
garbage collection and put up an Ecology Center; strengthen the PSD Task

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Force in the implementation of all environment-related ordinances; provision

of technical capacity trainings on solid waste management with the local
leaders and stakeholders; seeking for assistance of the local leaders and
volunteers in the formulation and development of action plans and finding
allocation for doable projects.

8.3.4 Management Strategies

The City Government through the City Environment and Natural

Resources Department planned sustainable management intervention to
harness its target efficiency and effectiveness relative to waste collection,
segregation, disposal and other related concerns associated and linked to
Solid Waste Management Program indicated as follows:

8.3.4.1 Segregation at Source program

This involves the implementation of the 3Rs: Recycling, Re-use

and Reduce principle. A technical assistance to the Sanguniang
Barangays is provided to fully implement the Ecological Solid Waste
Management Act of 2003, a law which mandates the local barangays
to be the frontline implementers of solid waste management.

The establishment of a Materials Recovery Facility (MRF) serves

as drop-off point of recyclable materials which provide additional
income for barangays especially in schools. The scheme ‘May Pera sa
Basura’ will be implemented by the barangay to effectively
encourage waste segregation at source. It is highly encouraged that
every barangay is required to list down the daily collection of
recyclables and biodegradables for diversion monitoring.

The presence of the Rapid Composting Facility at the Sanitary

Landfill Facility converts biodegradable wastes into compost by
pulverizing the compostable wastes and pulverize plastic bags for
cement brick manufacturing. The City Government can address the
unwanted organic wastes and provide job opportunity for the
community in Barangay Batino while the conversion of plastic bags
lessen the damaging impact of inorganic compounds in the
environment.

8.3.4.2 Source reduction program

It involves identification and evaluation alternatives

through participatory techniques. It implies the reduction of the volume

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or toxicity of waste at the source by changing the production process

and incorporating reduction in the design, manufacture, sale,
purchases and use of products and packaging. It includes a reduced
amount of material in product manufacture, patronizes the increase of
useful life of a product through durability and reparability and
advocates the reduction of toxic material use.

8.3.4.3 Environmental Information and Education Campaign

The City Government has passed and implemented Calapan

City Ordinance No. 11 series of 2011 or “Banning the use of non-
biodegradable plastic bags in Calapan City”. This campaign
decreases the sale of non-biodegradable plastic bags and styropor
which drive sellers and consumers to sell and use eco-bags and paper-
products as packaging materials. Biodegradable plastic bags are only
allowed to be used as a primary container for wet goods.

The City is on its way in the "NO SEGREGATION, NO COLLECTION POLICY". This
policy is needed to transform all stakeholders (residents, business owners, occupants,
lessors, lessees, proprietors/administrators of commercial and industrial
establishments, government and non-government institutions) into responsible
counterparts of the CSWM program.

At the barangay level, Waste Management Councils shall be re-strengthened

through capacity enhancement trainings and technical planning workshops while
the crafting of ordinances on Solid Waste Management shall be strictly
implemented and the alternative technologies for recyclables and residuals are in
place.

By 2027, the City of Calapan is envisioned as Garbage Free City. This vision
will be achieved if these conditions are seen: 90 percent waste diversion
implemented; stakeholders do their share in protecting and preserving the
environment through proper waste segregation and management; barangays
having their own functional and operational Materials Recovery Facility: the City
Solid Waste Management Board is actively formulating laws and guidelines on Solid
Waste Management; and there is sufficient fund allocation for its Programs, Projects
and Activities.

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9. SPECIAL STUDY AREAS

9.1 Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Reduction and Management

9.1.1 Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment

Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment (CDRA) is the process of studying risks
and vulnerabilities of exposed elements (i.e. population, urban areas, natural
resources, lifeline utilities, critical point facilities) associated with natural hazards and
climate change. It also seeks to establish risk and vulnerable areas by analyzing the
hazard, exposure, vulnerability and adaptive capacities of the various exposed
elements.

Methodology

Step 1: Collect and organize climate change and hazard information

Data on projected changes in climate variables (minimum and maximum
temperature, precipitation, number of dry days (days with rainfall <2.5mm), number
of hot days (days with temperature > 35°C), and number of days with extreme
rainfall (days with rainfall >150mm) were collected from studies of the Philippine
Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) and
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). On the other hand, different hazard maps
were acquired from the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) for flood and rain-
induced landslide, Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) for
tsunami, and Project NOAH for storm surge. Information on the previous disasters
experienced by Calapan City were obtained from the City Public Safety
Department (CPSD) and interviews with barangay residents.
Step 2: Scope the potential impacts of hazards and climate change
Using the climate projections from PAGASA, potential impacts of climate
change to the different sectors (agriculture, urban areas, coastal) of Calapan City.
The identified impacts were then validated with the Technical Working Group during
the Climate Impact Chain Analysis workshop. Existing climate impacts were
identified and possible interventions for climate change adaptation were also
determined.
Step 3: Development of Exposure Database
The exposure database contains all baseline information of the exposed
elements. Different vulnerability and adaptive capacity indicators were obtained
through key informant interviews with barangay representatives and secondary
data gathering from different offices of the City Government. The existing land use
map was overlayed with hazard maps using Geographic Information System (GIS) to
determine the location of exposed elements and the extent of their exposure.

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Step 4: Disaster Risk Assessment

To estimate the risk of exposed elements, a workshop was conducted with the
Technical Working Group to identify the likelihood of occurrence of the hazard and
determine the severity of consequence based on its exposure and vulnerability
indicators. Risk was then computed as:

Likelihood of occurrence is the estimated period of time expressed in years,

that a hazard of a certain magnitude is likely to repeat itself (HLURB, 2015). Table 9.1
shows the measures of likelihood and its corresponding score.
Table 9.1. Indicative likelihood of occurrence score matrix

Severity of Consequence is a measure of the degree of impact, such as injury,

death, damage, interruption brought to the sector of concern. It is the function of
exposure and vulnerability and measures the potential direct and indirect
damages/impacts and the interplay of exposure and the vulnerability relative to the
expected intensity of the hazard (HLURB, 2015). Table 9.2 indicates the indicators of
each element and its corresponding score.

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Table 9.2. Severity of consequence score matrix

Table 9.3 shows how to determine the risk category of the exposed element
using the identified scores for the likelihood of occurrence and severity of
consequence. Risk is categorized as high (12-24), moderate (5-10), and low (1-4).
Risk maps were then generated to illustrate the location and extent of risk of the
exposed elements.

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Table 9.3. Risk score matrix

Step 5: Identification of decision areas and interventions

After the risk assessment, a workshop was conducted with the Technical
Working Group to identify decision areas and policy interventions. Identified policy
interventions include structural and non-structural strategies that aim to avoid
exposure or minimize risk to disasters and adapt or mitigate effects of climate
change.

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Figure 9.1. Climate and Disaster Risk Assessment methodology and the 12-step
Comprehensive Land Use Planning process

Scope and Limitation of the Study

The assessment covered the 62 barangays of Calapan City and the

methodology used was based from the HLURB Supplemental Guidelines on
Mainstreaming Climate Change and Disaster Risks in the Comprehensive Land Use
Plan. The disaster risk assessment is only limited to hydro-meteorological hazards such
as flooding, landslide, storm surge, and tsunami. Hazard maps were obtained from
national agencies such as the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (flood and landslide),
Project NOAH (storm surge), and Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology
(tsunami). The existing land use of Calapan City was digitized from Google Earth
then validated via Google Street View and field visits.

A. Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment

a. Climate Projections

PAGASA projected the seasonal changes of different climate variables

(minimum temperature, maximum temperature, and precipitation) by 2011 to

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2040 in two emission scenarios: A1B, or the business-as-usual scenario; and,

A2, or the differentiated world scenario. The seasonal climate change
projections for Calapan City, Oriental Mindoro are summarized in Table 9.4.

Based on the climate projections of PAGASA, Calapan City will

experience an increase in minimum temperature by 2011 to 2040 for all
seasons under both A1B and A2 scenarios. The highest minimum temperature
will occur during the summer months (March, April, and May) of 2011 to 2040
under A1B (22.01°C) and A2 (21.99°C) scenarios. The maximum temperature
in Calapan City is projected to increase for all seasons by 2011 to 2040 under
both scenarios. The highest maximum temperature (31.54°C) under both
scenarios will occur during the summer months. On the other hand,
precipitation across all seasons is projected to increase by 2011 to 2040 under
both scenarios. The highest precipitation will occur in Habagat months (June,
July, and August) in A1B (413.2 mm) and A2 (372.6 mm) scenarios.

Table 9.4. Projection of the seasonal changes in minimum and maximum

temperature and precipitation for Calapan City
Projected Climate Data Projected Climate Data
Climate Observed Baseline
(2011-2040) (2011-2040)
Variable (1971-2000)
A1B Scenario A2 Scenario
Season DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON DJF MAM JJA SON
Tmin (°C) 20.55 21.90 22.60 22.15 20.63 22.01 22.67 22.22 20.65 21.99 22.65 22.22

Tmax (°C) 29.21 31.38 30.93 30.37 29.30 31.54 31.08 30.46 29.39 31.54 31.12 30.49

Precipitation 178.1 123.7 353.2 310.6 231.7 171.9 413.2 362.2 227.6 156.5 372.6 370.6

According to Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC),

climate change increases magnitude and frequency of extreme events.
PAGASA also projected the changes in the frequency of extreme events by
2020 and 2050 in terms of the number hot days (days with temperature
>35°C), the number of dry days (days with rainfall <2.5mm), and the number
of days with extreme rainfall (days with rainfall >150mm).

For the frequency of extreme events, the number of hot days is

expected to increase by 2020 and a significant increase in temperature by
2050. On the other hand, the number of dry days will have a slight decrease
by 2020 and 2050. Lastly, the number of days with extreme rainfall is projected
to increase for both 2020 and 2050. Table 9.5 shows the summary of the
projected changes in the extreme events in Calapan City.

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Table 9.5. Projection of the changes in extreme events for Calapan City
Observed Baseline Change in 2020 Change in 2050
Climate Variable
(1971-2000) (2006-2035) (2036-2065)
No. of days with
80 440 1469
Temp > 35°C
No. of days with
7604 7057 6902
rainfall < 2.5mm
No. of days with
3 11 22
rainfall >150mm

The changes in the climate variables might cause a significant

increase in the likelihood of occurrence and severity of impacts of the
hazards to the city. The consequences of these changes may lead to the
increase in the level of risk the city is exposed to. The different exposure units
in the city, namely, population, urban use areas, resource-based production
areas, lifeline utilities, and critical point facilities can be affected by these
changes and might result to certain consequences.

b. Climate Impact Chain Analysis

The vulnerability of Calapan City to the potential impacts of change in

climate variables was analyzed using Climate Impact Chain diagrams. The
analysis was done using a ridge-to-reef approach which covered the
different sectors of the City namely: (a) agriculture, (b) urban areas, and (c)
coastal. The findings were validated with the technical working group as well
as at the barangay level to determine which impacts are actually happening
or which can possibly occur in the future.

Agriculture

The immediate effects of increase in rainfall to agriculture would

be flooding, prevalence of pests and diseases, and soil erosion. The
areas frequently affected by flooding include barangays that belong
to District 9 (Gutad, Nag-iba I, Nag-iba II, Sta. Cruz, Buhuan, and
Panggalaan) and District 10 (Patas, Canubing II, Personas, Balingayan,
and Sta. Rita). Flooding can cause harm to crops such as rice and
calamansi which are the dominant crops found in the City. Flooding
can also cause damage to fishponds that produce tilapia, sugpo,
bangus, alimango and white shrimp. Agricultural infrastructure such as
rice mills of can also be damaged by flooding. Furthermore, flooding
can also lead to the siltation of rivers due to the sediments carried by
flood water. All these can potentially have negative effects to the
City’s agricultural productivity.

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The participants of the workshop cited the prevalence of pests

and diseases is possible due to the increase in the amount of rainfall.
Soil erosion brought about by the increase in the amount of rainfall can
also cause exposure of the subsoil due to increase in surface run off
(Hatfield et. al., 2008; ADB, 2009). This will cause the soil to lose its
nutrients therefore reducing the soil quality which can also affect the
City’s agricultural productivity. The occurrence of a landslide is also
possible due to the increase in the amount of rainfall.

The decrease in yield will lead to the decrease in income of the

farming and fishery-dependent households. In addition, it can also
lead to the decrease in food supply of the municipality. When there is
low food supply and low income of households, it can possibly lead to
food insecurity within the City.

Drought can damage crops due to the reduced soil moisture

content that can negatively affect crop development. According to
the technical working group, the drought season in the City usually
occurs annually during the months of May until August. They also
added that drought causes delay in the planting season and leads to
increase in agricultural inputs which reduce the income of farmers. The
increase in temperature can also cause the occurrence of grassfires
which can also damage farmlands. The participants cited that
grassfires often occur during the months of March and April especially
in Barangays Suqui and Bulusan.

The changes in temperature can also possibly lead to

prevalence of pests and diseases among crops and livestock which
can harm crops and affect the yield of the City. According to Olesen
and Bindi (2002), warmer climate provides pests favorable conditions
for reproduction which lead to their proliferation. The City Agricultural
Services Department has reported the annual incidence of pests such
as the green leaf hopper and brown plant hopper which causes
diseases such as hopper burn and rice blast. The increase in
temperature can also affect the groundwater recharge rate which
can lead to the decrease in water supply for irrigation (Olesen and
Bindi, 2002; ADB, 2009).

Reduced irrigation can possibly affect the growth of crops and

reduce yield. Rice yield is sensitive to increase in temperature and is
expected to decrease during instances of high temperature (Lansigan
et. al., 2000). Thus, the yield of rice in the City can be greatly affected
by the increase in temperature. If yield of crops will decrease, it can

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result in the decrease in income of farmers and decrease in food

supply which can lead to food insecurity among households.

Extreme events in Calapan City can be classified into excessive

rainfall and prolonged dry season. Excessive rainfall can lead to
flooding which can cause damage to fish ponds and agricultural
infrastructures such as post-harvest facilities. An example of a natural
disaster caused by extreme rainfall is the citywide flooding that
occurred in 2005. Flooding can also lead to soil erosion and eventually
cause landslides that can damage crops. Flooding can cause
increase in surface run-off which exposes the subsoil leading to loss of
nutrients (Hatfield et. al., 2008). This can have negative effects on the
soil quality which can decrease the yield of crops in the City.

The water supply can also be affected by prolonged dry season

through reducing the groundwater recharge rate. When there is a
decrease in water supply, it can reduce irrigation for crops and can
affect the growth of crops and the overall yield of the municipality
(Olesen and Bindi, 2002; ADB, 2009). According to the technical
working group, farmers frequently experience delays in planting
season due to the unavailability of water.

Sea-level rise, in combination with increased groundwater

pumping can increase saltwater intrusion in groundwater aquifers. This
can have a great impact to agriculture and can lead to reduction in
crop productivity.

The increase in temperature can lead to prevalence of pests

and diseases which can harm crops and livestock (Olesen and Bindi,
2002). A major effect of prolonged dry season would be drought which
decreases soil moisture content and damages crops therefore
reducing crop yield. Lower yield can decrease the income of farmers
and decrease the food supply available in the municipality which can
lead to food insecurity among households.

Urban Areas

Increase in rainfall in urban areas can lead to flash floods and

landslide. Because of roads, buildings, and other infrastructures, rainfall
cannot infiltrate the soil so it produces more runoff, thus causing flash
floods (Satterthwaite, 2008). Barangays Guinobatan, Lalud, Sto. Niño,
Camilmil, Sta. Maria Village, San Vicente, Pachoca, and Ilaya are
flood-prone urban areas in the City. Rapid urban flash floods can bring

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pest infestation which can increase the prevalence of vector-borne

diseases like skin diseases, dengue, malaria, Zika, and chikungunya
(which already have occurred in the city) to the residents. The World
Health Organization stated that climate change can result in modified
weather patterns and an increase in extreme events that can affect
disease outbreaks by altering the biological variables of vectors such
as their population size, survival rates and the abundance of disease
carrying animal, and these changes may contribute to an increase in
the risk of the pathogen being carried to humans (Beard et al., 2016).
The prevalence of vector-borne diseases can increase the rate of
demand for health services in the city.

Both urban flash floods and landslide can also impact and
weaken soil and culverts. It can threaten and shorten the life
expectancies of linkage infrastructures such as roads, bridges and
highways in the city and also add into the destruction of infrastructures
(Lankao, 2008). Roads made of concrete can buckle, and asphalt can
soften and deteriorate more rapidly (Wilbanks, et al., 2014). Weak soil
can disrupt the transportation system and isolate communities. Flash
floods and landslide can also affect and damage infrastructures which
can cause disruption of communication system, water and power
system, and livelihood activities. When livelihood activities are
disrupted, it can impact the income of the residents. Disrupted power
systems in the urban area of Calapan City take days to come back,
and take weeks or even months in the rural area.

Another potential direct impact of landslide and urban flash

floods caused by increase in temperature due to climate change is
the loss of many lives of people living in vulnerable areas.

Increase in temperature can have three effects in the urban

area of Calapan City. These are urban heat island effect, increase rate
of greenhouse gas emission and more intensified frequency and
magnitude of tropical cyclones.

Urban areas have different built physical structures and less

vegetated areas that is why it has higher temperature compared to its
neighbor rural areas, creating an urban heat island effect (Walsh et al.,
2011). Because of this, it can increase the water demand and can
lead to water shortage. Also, extreme heat can make it hard for the
human body to cool down so it can experience heat stress. Heat stress
can lead to increase demand of energy leading to energy shortage,
and prevalence of heat-related diseases like heat stroke. If there is

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energy and water shortage, it can lead to disruption of different

services. Domesticated animals are also affected by extreme heat
and stress and can cause them to die.

High demand for energy can also affect and increase the rate
of greenhouse gas emitted to the atmosphere. The largest known
contribution comes from the burning of fossil fuels, which releases
carbon dioxide gas to the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases affect
climate by altering incoming solar radiation and out-going thermal
radiation that are part of Earth’s energy balance and can lead to poor
air quality (Solomon et al., 2007). Poor air quality can affect the
residents and might cause them to be vulnerable to different kinds of
respiratory diseases. As more people suffer from heat-related and
respiratory diseases, the demand for health services may increase.

The third impact of increase in temperature due to climate

change is the increase in intensity and magnitude of tropical cyclones.
According to George Tselioudis (NASA, 2001), because of global
warming, storm formation is affected by decreasing the temperature
difference between the poles and the equator that can trigger and
fuel mid-latitude storms and target the most populated regions of the
Earth. As tropical cyclones increase, it can affect and cause damages
on infrastructures. Damages in infrastructures may lead to
displacement of residents, loss of livelihood, and loss of income.

Increase in number of hot days can cause higher temperature

on urban areas compared to its adjacent rural areas, leading to urban
heat island effect. It can cause residents to increase their demand for
water that may lead to water shortage. Urban heat island effect can
also cause heat stress and then harm domesticated animals and lead
to their deaths. Heat-related diseases will also be prevalent and it may
increase the demand of health services. The demand for energy will
also increase and may cause energy shortage. If there is water and
energy shortage, it may result in disruption of services available in the
city.

The rate of greenhouse gas emission will also increase as

temperature and the demand for energy increases. This will reduce the
quality of air that will cause prevalence of respiratory diseases among
residents. The demand for health services may increase as well. The
frequency of tropical cyclones can also increase and may intensify as
the temperature in urban areas increase. It can result in damage in

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infrastructures that will result in disruption of communication, power,

and water systems. Loss of income and livelihood can also occur.

On the other hand, increase in rainfall may lead to landslide

and flash floods in urban areas. This may cause damage to
infrastructures, and may result in disruption of different systems, and
weaken or washed out soil and culverts that can lead to disruption of
transportation systems. If transportation system is disrupted, it can
isolate communities. Urban flash floods can also cause prevalence of
vector-borne diseases among residents in the city. The worst impact of
urban flash floods and landslide is loss of many lives of the residents in
Calapan City.

Coastal

The increase in precipitation primarily affects the coastal

ecosystem in two ways: 1) coastal flooding and, 2) coastal leaching.
An increase in precipitation increases the chance of flooding along
the coast which could bring erosion in the affected areas. Both of
these effects might damage the port and result to disruption of port
services like delivery of goods and human mobility. Aside from this,
coastal erosion might destroy infrastructures along the coast which
might force coastal families to be displaced. In the event that these
coastal families would be displaced, their sources of livelihood can be
compromised which could lead to a decrease in their income.

Coastal erosion might also degrade the breeding habitats and

marine life such as fishes, shrimps, and shellfish which may cause them
to migrate, decreasing biodiversity. According to the Fishery
Management Office, the fishing ground has been observed to go
farther offshore as compared to ten years ago. Lastly, coastal erosion
may lead to siltation of bodies of water which is one of the possible
causes of eutrophication. Eutrophication is the result of having
excessive nutrients in the water, encouraging algal bloom. When
algae and other plants in the body of water die, the bacterial
degradation of their biomass consumes oxygen. Aquatic animals may
die from the lack of dissolved oxygen in the water. There has not been
a reported case of fish kill in the sea as brought about by climate
change but there have been cases of such in fishponds.

Coastal or nutrient leaching happens when rainwater dissolves

nutrients and excess chemical inputs from the soil (i.e. fertilizers and
pesticides) and seeps into the ground, contaminating the groundwater

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(Lehmann and Schroth, 2003). Groundwater contamination can lead

to a decrease in safe water supply. The lack of alternative water
sources may lead to proliferation of water-borne diseases.

An increase in temperature can affect the coastal ecosystem in

three ways: 1) increase in water demand; 2) increase in water salinity;
and, 3) warming oceans. Intense heat encourages an increase in
water consumption and use. Given that the only source of water in the
city is groundwater, intensification of groundwater pumping along the
coast makes the sediments compact, allowing saltwater to enter
coastal aquifers. The resulting saltwater intrusion contaminates the
water.

The increase in temperature enhanced with low input of

freshwater inflow increases water salinity in estuaries and brackish
waters. Aquatic resources in these ecosystems can be adversely
affected by an increase in salinity (Akinrotimi and Edum, 2015).

As temperature continues to increase, oceans also increase in

temperature. According to the National Ocean Service (2016), it is one
of the major causes of the melting of glaciers and polar icecaps,
contributing to a global sea level rise. The regional trend of sea level
rise released by the same source indicates that the waters in Luzon rise
at approximately 12 mm per annum. The increasing ocean depth
intensifies storm surge and increases the frequency of coastal flooding
which can devastate coastal communities and coastal resources.
Warm oceans also a) acidify bodies of water; which can bleach corals
and, b) increase algal bloom, which can result to fish kills in rivers and
lakes.

Prolonged dry season can adversely affect the coastal

ecosystem of Calapan City in three ways: 1) increase the frequency
and magnitude if tropical cyclones; 2) bleach corals; and 3) increase
in water demand. Storm surge is brought by tropical cyclones. An
increase in storminess can increase the probability of storm surge
which can destroy coastal communities and disrupt daily activities
such as livelihood and port services. In 2009, the city experienced storm
surge brought about by Typhoon Frank (CDRRMO). It affected the
residents in Barangay Navotas. Tropical cyclones and storm surge
upsurge water flow in rivers which increases soil accretion in
mangroves. While soil accretion is a good adaptation to sea level rise,
rapid soil accretion brought about by rushing waters of tropical
cyclones and storm surge decreases mangrove survivability. Another

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possible danger of increased frequency of tropical cyclones and storm

surge is the uprooting of mangrove trees.

Corals are sensitive to intense heat brought about by prolonged

dry days. Bleaching of corals slows growth and reproduction of fishes
which can force them to settle farther from the shore. Prolonged dry
days increase the demand for water which can intensify groundwater
pumping. This can result to saltwater intrusion. In the event that
saltwater intrusion covers the entire city, the city can run out of
alternative water supply. Excessive rainfall induces 1) coastal leaching
which can, ultimately, exhaust safe groundwater supply; and, 2)
coastal flooding which is detrimental to the settlements of coastal
communities and their livelihood.

B. Disaster Risk Assessment

a. History of Previous Disasters in Calapan City

Records of previous disasters were gathered from the City Public Safety
Department (CPSD) and other reports regarding natural disasters that
occurred in Calapan City (refer to Table 9.6). However, only a few information
regarding the damages and casualties were available. In order to
supplement and validate the available information, key informants from each
barangay were interviewed. The historical data can be used to observe the
return period of natural disasters that can cause damages and casualties to
the city.

Based on the historical data gathered, damaging typhoons occur in

the city almost annually, with Typhoons Nona (2015) and Nina (2016) as two of
the most recent and most damaging. Typhoons and heavy rains usually bring
flood to the city, damaging families near the rivers and agricultural lands. In
2005, the majority of the barangays in the city was flooded when heavy
monsoon rain and Tropical Depression Quedan fell upon the City. The
combined volume of the rain caused the Bucayao River to overflow and the
dike in Bucayao to collapse. The city remained flooded for two weeks.
Another notable typhoon-driven flooding event that occurred in the city that
happened before 1974 divided Maidlang into three separate areas.

Aside from flood, typhoons also bring storm surge to coastal

barangays. In 2008, Navotas was hit by a storm surge brought by Typhoon
Frank although no damages were reported. It has been noted from the key
informant interview that Calero experiences storm surge during strong
typhoons but no damages or casualties were reported.

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Aside from hydro-meteorological hazards, earthquake also affected

the city. A portion of the Aglubang River Fault traverses barangays near
Caluangan Lake. Structures (i.e. houses, roads) in the city suffered cracks due
to the 1994 earthquake. The movement of the Aglubang Fault also caused a
tsunami which hit Barangays Wawa, Mahal Na Pangalan, San Antonio, San
Rafael, and Lazareto. Aside from the structural damages that were reported
in the event, barangays near Caluangan Lake (i.e. Baruyan, Tawagan,
Malamig, and Canubing I) reported that water stopped flowing in their
artesian wells after the earthquake. Additionally, the water level in
Caluangan Lake reduced after the earthquake.

Table 9.6. Summary of previous disasters in Calapan City

Type of disaster Effects
Flood (late 1950’s) - Flooding of the Town Proper
Massive Fire (January 1, - Destroyed several blocks of business establishments,
1972) shops, and offices including the public market in San
Vicente
Typhoon Dinang (145 kph) - Flooding in some barangays of the city
December 26, 1981 - Damage to houses, agriculture, and infrastructures
Earthquake and Tsunami - A number of buildings suffered cracks but there was no
(November 15, 1994) major structural damage reported
- Tsunami destroyed coastal communities of Barangays
Wawa and Mahal na Pangalan which caused several
deaths
Severe Flood (December - Bucayao dike collapsed
7, 17, 27 2005) - Flood inundated majority of the barangays
- Damaged properties and crops
Storm surge due to - Affected Barangay Navotas
Typhoon Frank (2008)
Typhoon Pedring (45 to 60 - Flooding of 4 barangays
kph), September 27, 2011 - Passengers stranded in Calapan City pier
Typhoon Ramon (45 to 60 - Flooding of 13 barangays
kph), October 13, 2011
Flood due to heavy rains, - Affected a total of 162 families or 506 individuals from
March 27, 2012 Barangays Bucayao, Sta. Rita, Patas, and Gutad
- Also affected a total 278 farmers and 296.25 ha of
agricultural land
Flood due to heavy rains, - Affected 400 families in Barangay Gutad, 20 families in
Aug 7, 2012 Sitio Abaton, Barangay Parang, and 5 families in
Barangay Bucayao
Tropical Storm Ofel, Oct - Families residing near the shoreline and riverbanks were

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Type of disaster Effects

25, 2012 evacuated under Signal No. 2
Tropical storm Maring/ - Affected 140 families in Barangay and 28 families in
Habagat, Aug 19, 2013 Barangay Camansihan
Super Typhoon Yolanda, - Affected 26 Barangays of which 8 were flooded
Nov 6-9, 2013 - 43 houses were totally damaged and 261 houses were
partially damaged
- Affected a total of 1426 families or 5338 individuals
- Caused a total of PhP 761,062.50 damages to rice
Typhoon Ruby, Dec. 8, - Affected 7,000 individuals from 36 barangays
2014
Typhoon Nona, Dec. 14, - Affected a total of 22,512 families or 82,038 individuals
2015 - 2 deaths were recorded
Typhoon Nina, Dec. 25, - Affected 8,290 families or 25,434 individuals
2016 - 1,735 houses were reported to be totally damaged while
5,977 houses were partially damaged
- Affected 611 farmers and 156.75 ha of agricultural land,
caused PhP 8,220,539.75 damages to rice
- Caused PhP 3,555,000 damages to infrastructure such as
schools, government buildings, and power lines

Based on the hazard susceptibility matrix, 59 out of 62 barangays are

susceptible to flooding. The susceptibility of the barangays to flood is due to
its proximity to different bodies of water such as the sea and the river systems.
While no major landslide event has yet occurred in the city, 21 barangays
with high elevation, steep slopes, and unstable soils warrant special attention.

All of the coastal barangays and some of their adjacent barangays

are susceptible to storm surge. A storm surge height of five (5) meters can
affect as far as Barangays Batino, Masipit, and Sta. Isabel. On the other hand,
twenty-three (23) barangays are susceptible to tsunami. A tsunami is usually
preceded by a movement in the ocean floor caused by an earthquake. Two
fault lines are identified in the City. The Aglubang River Fault—a portion of the
Central Mindoro Fault—traverses several lakeside barangays in the City. The
other one is the Lubang Fault at the north of Baco Grande Island.

Drought, on the other hand, can affect all barangays. It brings drastic
damages to the agriculture sector as its effects last long. The potential
damages of drought to crop production may be curbed by irrigation.

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Table 9.7. Hazard susceptibility matrix of Calapan City

Storm
Barangay Flood Drought Earthquake Landslide Tsunami
Surge

Balingayan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Balite ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Baruyan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Batino ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Bayanan I ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Bayanan II ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Biga ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Bondoc ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Bucayao ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Buhuan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Bulusan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Calero ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Camansihan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Camilmil ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Canubing I ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Canubing II ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Comunal ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Guinobatan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Gulod ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Gutad ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Ibaba East ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Ibaba West ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Ilaya ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

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Storm
Barangay Flood Drought Earthquake Landslide Tsunami
Surge

Lalud ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Lazareto ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Libis ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Lumangbayan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Mahal na
‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬
Pangalan

Maidlang ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Malad ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Malamig ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Managpi ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Masipit ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Nag-Iba I ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Nag-Iba II ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Navotas ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Pachoca ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Palhi ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Panggalaan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Parang ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Patas ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Personas ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Puting Tubig ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

San Antonio ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

San Rafael ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

San Vicente
‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬
Central

San Vicente East ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

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Storm
Barangay Flood Drought Earthquake Landslide Tsunami
Surge

San Vicente North ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

San Vicente South ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

San Vicente West ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sapul ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Silonay ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sta. Cruz ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sta. Isabel ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sta. Maria Village ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sta. Rita ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Sto. Niño ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Suqui ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Tawagan ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Tawiran ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Tibag ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Wawa ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬ ‫ط‬

Table 9.8. Hazard susceptibility population of Calapan City

Level of Susceptibility
Type of No. of No. of No. of
Hazard Individuals Individuals Individuals
High Medium Low

Flood 10,383 14,562 70,447

Landslide 92 140 38,383

Storm Surge

Tsunami

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Table 9.9. Hazard risk population of Calapan City

Level of Risk
Type of No. of No. of No. of
Hazard Individuals Individuals Individuals
High Medium Low

Flood 13,053 26,490 55,665

Landslide 15,240 11,584 11,795

Storm Surge 38,445 6,241 20,914

Tsunami 12,114 136

b. Hazard Susceptibility Maps

Flood Susceptibility

The total land area of the city which has a high susceptibility to
flooding is 2,572.05 ha (which accounts to 13.82% of the total land
area). It is expected to reach a flood depth of higher than or equal to
one (1) meter and a likelihood of occurrence that ranges from 10 to 30
years. Fifty-five (55) barangays have high susceptibility to the said
hazard. On the other hand, 3,312.52 ha (17.79%) have moderate
susceptibility while 7,782.56 ha (41.81%) have low susceptibility; with an
expected flood depth of less than one (1) meter which have a
likelihood of occurrence that ranges from 100 to 200 years.

Areas which are susceptible to flood are usually those located in

low-lying areas, along the coastline and major river systems. Several
rivers traverse the city, namely: Bucayao, Panggalaan, Dulangan,
Caluangan, Baruyan, Calapan, Kilokilo, and Silonay Rivers; as well as
creeks of Canubing, Masipit, and Biga.

The usual effects of this hydro-meteorological hazard include

damages to roads, facilities, and infrastructures; water intrusion to
buildings; disruption to daily activities; and damages to the livelihood
of the locals.

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Map 9.1Flood Exposure Map

Landslide Susceptibility

About 249.78 hectares (1.34%) of the total land area of Calapan

City are highly susceptible to landslide. Moreover, the total land area
with moderate and low susceptibility are 188.58 ha (1.01%) and 4495.05
ha (24.15%), respectively. Seven (7) among the 62 barangays of the
city are identified to have areas which are highly susceptible to
landslide; these are: Bondoc, Bulusan, Guinobatan, Lumangbayan,
Palhi, Parang, and Suqui. No landslide has been recorded yet in the
city. However, landslide is likely to occur in high elevation areas with
steep slopes, and where soil is unstable or not cohesive. The potential
effects of landslide can also be intensified by heavy rainfall.

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Map 9.2 Landslide Susceptibility Map

Tsunami Susceptibility

Tsunami is a series of ocean waves of extremely long length and

period, commonly caused by earthquakes occurring below or near
the ocean floor. Additionally, possible causes of the said hazard
include submarine volcanic eruptions and landslide (National Oceanic
and Atmospheric Administration, n.d.). Selected coastal barangays of
the city (i.e. Wawa, Mahal Na Pangalan, Balite, San Antonio, and
Lazareto) experienced the hazard when a 7.1-magnitude earthquake
hit near Verde Island on November 15, 1994.

The total land area of the city prone to tsunami is 765.55 ha (4.11%).
Twenty-three (23) out of 62 barangays are likely to be affected by
tsunami. Tsunami prone barangays are located in Balite, Baruyan,
Calero, Canubing I, Gutad, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Mahal Na
Pangalan, Maidlang, Navotas, Pachoca, Parang, San Antonio, San
Rafael, San Vicente North, San Vicente West, Suqui, Tawagan, Tibag,
and Wawa.

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Map 9.3 Tsunami Exposure Map

Storm Surge Susceptibility

Storm surge, according to the National Oceanic and

Atmospheric Administration, is an abnormal rise of water caused by
the strong winds of a tropical storm (n.d.). Therefore, the stronger the
tropical storm, the more likely it is to cause storm surge.

The total land area of the city prone to storm surge is 4,816.37 ha
(25.87% of the total land area). Forty-two barangays (Balite, Baruyan,
Batino, Bulusan, Calero, Camilmil, Canubing I, Guinobatan, Gulod,
Gutad, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Ilaya, Lalud, Lazareto, Libis,
Lumangbayan, Mahal Na Pangalan, Maidlang, Masipit, Nag-iba I,
Nag-iba II, Navotas, Pachoca, Palhi, Parang, San Antonio, San Rafael,
San Vicente Central, San Vicente East, San Vicente North, San Vicente
South, San Vicente West, Silonay, Sta. Isabel, Sta. Maria Village, Sto.
Niño, Suqui, Tawagan, Tawiran, Tibag, and Wawa) are prone to storm
surge. Majority of these are coastal barangays and low-lying.

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Map 9.4 Storm Surge Susceptibility Map

c. Exposure and Risk to Hazards

Population

Population indicates the spatial location and number of persons that

can be potentially affected along with their socio-demographic
characteristics that may increase or reduce their risk to hazards. It is crucial to
determine the level of risk of the population to avoid casualties due to
disasters and facilitate post-disaster operations.

Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Indicators

Population vulnerability indicators include number of dependent

population (less than five and above 65 years old), number of malnourished
children, number of persons with disability (PWDs), percentage of household
living in dwelling units made out of predominantly light/salvageable materials,
percentage of informal settler households, and households with income
below poverty threshold.

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There is a need to prioritize persons with disability and members of the

dependent population since they have limited mobility in times of
evacuation. They also need to be given attention during post-disaster
operations together with the malnourished individuals because they are more
likely to be vulnerable to the effects of disasters such as diseases. Based on
the records of the City Social Welfare and Development Department
(CSWDD), there is only minimal number of persons with disability in the 62
barangays. Barangay Lalud (43) has the highest number of persons with
disability followed by Barangay Camilmil (41). Interviews with the Barangay
Nutrition Scholars (BNS) and Barangay Health Workers (BHWs) indicate that
the number of malnourished children is decreasing. Notably, majority of the
barangays have less than ten malnourished children and Barangay San
Antonio (67) has the highest number of malnourished children.

The wall construction materials of dwelling units determine its ability to

withstand the effects of a disaster. A dwelling unit made out of concrete will
have a higher chance of surviving strong winds or flooding rather than a
house made of light materials. The location of a dwelling unit also adds to its
vulnerability, households situated near rivers or coasts are more susceptible to
hazards such as flooding or storm surge. According to the interviews with
barangay officials, informal settlers are located near the coast and near the
rivers. They are also the households that live below the poverty threshold and
in dwelling units made out of light to salvageable materials. Barangays
Maidlang and Navotas (90%) have the highest estimated number of
households living below poverty threshold. Individuals living below the poverty
threshold will can experience difficulty after a disaster since they have limited
access to basic needs.

For assessing the adaptive capacity, indicators such as access to

financial assistance/livelihood programs, availability of early warning systems,
presence of hazard mitigation structures and local government’s capacity to
invest in risk management were considered. The City government supports
livelihood programs in the barangay level by providing them with capital.
However, most the livelihood programs become unsustainable since the
funds are not properly managed. Government financial assistance programs
for indigent families include the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4Ps),
Emergency Employment Program of the Department of Labor and
Employment (DOLE), and newly Expanded Health Card of the City
Government of Calapan.

Almost all barangays conduct house-to-house warnings as a form of

early warning system. Barangays Ibaba West and Bucayao have already
installed early warning systems that reach all their sitios while other barangays

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have already proposed procurement and installation of sirens in their

respective barangays. The City Public Safety Department (CPSD) also has a
public address system that provides warning for the barangays. River
monitoring instruments of Project NOAH are also installed in major river systems
such as the Bucayao, Panggalaan, and Dulangan Rivers. The City
Government through its LDRRMO shall acquire efficient and well-maintained
weather instruments like Automated Rain Gauge, Automatic Weather Station
and Water Level Monitoring Station to be used as bases for incoming
hydromet hazards. Site visitation shall be conducted on places where these
instruments will be installed as well as signages or evacuation center for
proper assessment. The site shall be designated for all cyclone warnings and
other related hazards. In order to obtain data precision, the existing early
warning system must be calibrated from time to time.

Calapan City’s 5% City Disaster Risk Reduction Management Fund and

20% Development Fund are well utilized for hazard mitigation and risk
management projects. Examples of projects include stockpiling of basic
emergency supplies, capability building, dredging of river systems,
construction of evacuation centers and flood mitigation measures (e.g.
protection dike, drainage). The barangays also utilize their 5% Calamity fund
to procure relief supplies and equipment for search and rescue to prepare for
disasters. Newly constructed evacuation centers are located in Barangays
Camilmil, Gutad, Sta. Cruz, and Camansihan. Barangays Wawa, Calero, and
Maidlang have a sea wall that serve as breakwater and a protection dike is
built along the Bucayao River to prevent the river from overflowing.

Exposure and Risk Analysis

Flood

A total estimate of 95,392 individuals from 59 barangays are exposed

to flooding. A total of 10,383 individuals are highly susceptible to flooding
while 14,562 and 70,447 individuals have moderate and low susceptible to
flooding, respectively. For the population’s risk to flood, a total of 13,053
individuals are at high risk to flooding. High risk barangays include Bucayao,
Panggalaan, Buhuan, Sta. Cruz, Nag-iba I, Nag-iba II, Navotas, Gutad,
Maidlang, parts of Baruyan, Sta. Rita, Patas, Canubing II, Comunal, Biga,
Managpi, Batino, Camansihan, Sta. Isabel (Cuatro Aguas), Masipit, and
Tawiran. On the other hand, a total of 26,490 have moderate risk and 55,665
have low risk to flood.

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Landslide

For landslide, only 92 individuals are highly susceptible, 140 individuals

are moderately susceptible, and 38,383 individuals have low susceptibility to
landslide. According to interviews with different barangay officials, there are
still no occurrences of a landslide up to date since the hills were already
reforested to make its slope stable. For population risk to landslide, there are
15,240 individuals who are at high risk to landslide. They are located in
Barangays Bulusan, Bondoc, Palhi, Parang Suqui, San Antonio and Lazareto.
An estimated 11,584 individuals have moderate risk to landslide and 11,795
have low risk to landslide.

Storm Surge

A total estimate of 65,601 individuals are exposed to storm surge. For

population risk to storm surge, a total of 38,445 individuals are at high risk and
these individuals are located in the coastal barangays from Wawa up to
some parts of Nag-iba I and II. Barangays Baruyan, Sta. Maria Village and the
Central Business District (6,241 individuals) are at moderate risk while inland
barangays from Sto. Nino to Tawagan (20,914 individuals) have low risk to
storm surge.

Tsunami

A total population of 12,250 is exposed to tsunami. Majority of the

exposed population from Barangays Wawa, Mahal na Pangalan, Balite,
Pachoca, Tibag, Ibaba West, Ibaba East, Calero, San Rafael, San Antonio,
Lazareto, Silonay, Gutad, and Navotas are at high risk (12,114 individuals).
Only 136 individuals from San Vicente North are at moderate risk to tsunami.

Decision areas and Policy Interventions

One identified policy intervention is the continuous conduct of

trainings, seminars, and drills on disaster risk reduction and management to
improve the awareness and preparedness of the population on possible
disasters. Since families below poverty threshold are more vulnerable to the
effects of disasters, provision of livelihood trainings/programs such as
handicraft making and carpentry has been also identified as an intervention
to uplift the socio-economic status of these families. However, the livelihood
programs must be properly implemented and monitored in order to become
sustainable.

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Relocation of households living in high risk areas to must be given

priority to avoid casualties in times of a disaster. It must also be accompanied
with the strict implementation of zoning ordinance and easements to prevent
the growth of informal settlements. This can be pursued with assistance from
the barangays to better regulate settlement growth at the grassroots level.

Since the barangay is also the first responders in times of disasters, the
technical working group also mentioned that the Barangay Disaster Risk
Reduction and Management Councils (BDRRMCs) of each barangay should
be strengthened. Since early warning systems of most barangays are limited
to house-to-house warnings, it is recommended that the barangays invest in
other methods of early warning such as sirens.

The technical working group also mentioned that different flood

control projects for the City must be implemented. Such projects include
construction of river slope protection and dredging to prevent siltation of
rivers. The rehabilitation of the protection dike in Bucayao River must also be
given priority since it is the first line of defense for flooding in the identified high
risk areas. Construction of additional sea walls in coastal barangays was also
raised in order to prevent flooding in the coastal barangays.

The lack of drainage systems is also identified by the barangays as a

cause of flooding. Calapan City is currently in the final stage of formulating its
Drainage Master Plan. Its implementation will be crucial in preventing flooding
in the whole City.

Urban Use Areas

Urban use area pertains to the man-built areas of each barangay. For
the City of Calapan, it can be classified into different land uses such as: 1)
residential; 2) commercial; 3) agro-industrial; 4) industrial; 5) parks and open
spaces; 6) tourism; 7) cemetery; and, 8) dumpsite. Studying the susceptibility
of these land uses to various hazards allows the decision makers to make
climate-sensitive zoning ordinances. Conversely, since Calapan City aims to
be the bastion of commercial investments and agro-industry of MIMAROPA,
the results of the climate and disaster risk assessment should allow potential
investors to decide on capitalizing their businesses or industries in the city.

Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Indicators

The data on urban use areas vulnerability and adaptive capacity of

each barangay were gathered through key informant interviews. The
indicators used for vulnerability assessment include: 1) percentage of

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structures walls built with light to salvageable materials; 2) percentage of

structures in dilapidated or condemned condition; 3) structures built before
1992; and, 4) percentage of areas not covered by infrastructure-related
mitigation measures.

Structures which are built out of light materials are more prone to
destruction in times of disaster as they are less likely to withstand high wind
and water velocity. Barangay Navotas had the highest percentage of
structure walls built out of light materials (95%). On the other hand, key
informants of Maidlang (with 41% of structures made of light materials)
reported that when Typhoon Nina hit the coastal barangay, majority of the
property owners had lost the roofs of their structures.

On the other hand, structures that are now dilapidated are highly
vulnerable to hazards due to its rundown state. The barangays which have
the highest percentage of structures in the said condition are Sta. Cruz (15%)
and Navotas (10%).

Old structures dating 1992 and older are more vulnerable to disasters
because they have undergone wear and tear. Based on the results of the
interviews, there are still a few old structures in some barangays. The
barangays which have the highest percentage of structures in the said
condition are Ibaba West (80%), Malad (70%), San Antonio (50%), Gulod
(40%), Pachoca (40%), Silonay (40%), Maidlang (30%), Palhi (30%), Parang
(30%), and San Vicente West (30%). The rest stated that old structures had
already undergone renovation.

The damages of a disaster may be curbed by infrastructure-related

mitigation measures such as sea walls, drainage, and other flood control
measures. Most coastal barangays are equipped with sea walls (Ibaba East,
Calero, Suqui, Wawa) while some barangays are equipped with protection
dykes. While no sea wall is constructed in Silonay, its shore is protected by
mangrove forests. However, some coastal barangays are still not covered by
sea walls (i.e. Gutad).

The indicators used for adaptive capacity include: 1) percentage of

property owners with capacity and willingness to retrofit or relocate; 2)
availability of alternative relocation sites; 3) percentage of structures covered
by property insurance; and, 4) local government capacity to invest in risk
management and climate change adaptation / mitigation.

Retrofitting and relocating are just a few of mitigation strategies to

avoid severe damages and casualties in times of disaster. Majority of the key

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informants stated that almost everyone in their respective barangays has the
capacity and willingness to retrofit or relocate as locals view safety as a vital
part of their well-being.

Available alternative space allows policy-makers to have an option to

build a relocation site in the selected barangay. Balite (Tibag Pamayanan
Association), Bayanan II (St. Joseph Relocation Site), Canubing II (St. Isidro
Relocation Site), Guinobatan (St. Francis of Asisi Relocation Site), Ilaya
(MAVHAI 1 & II Onsite Subdivision; NAMANA Onsite Subdivision), Mahal Na
Pangalan (Ubasan Relocation Site), Navotas (Navotas Relocation Site),
Pachoca (St. Benedict Relocation Site), San Antonio (St. Anthony Relocation
Site), San Rafael (St. Rafael Relocation Site), and Wawa (Wawa Relocation
Site) currently house resettled communities from various barangays.
According to the interviews conducted, only Bulusan, Camansihan and
Mahal na Pangalan have available space for relocation wherein nine (9)
hectares of land in Bulusan will be converted into the Employees’ Village. The
rest of the barangays either have no available space or lots are already
privately-owned.

Property insurance increases the capacity of property owners to

recoup from the damages of disasters. The primary property insurance
provider in Calapan City is the Sagip Plan of CARD MRI Insurance Agency,
Inc. (CaMIA). Property owners registered in the said plan can avail
reconstruction capital for their properties damaged by natural hazards such
as: flood, earthquake, typhoon, and volcanic eruption. Property insurance
coverage in Calapan City is limited to property owners registered in the said
plan. All barangays are served by CaMIA, however, no data is available in
the actual number of structures registered in the program.

The City Government of Calapan has the capacity to invest in risk

management and climate change adaptation and mitigation. Through the
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Office, the City Government
conducted community consultations and information campaigns to the sixty-
two (62) barangays and different sectors to address and minimize the impacts
of climate hazards in the city. Aside from the 20% Internal Revenue Allotment
(IRA) Development Fund, barangays utilize the five percent (5%) Barangay
Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Fund for disaster risk reduction and
management projects. In addition to the calamity fund, Silonay also earns
additional fee from environmental fee collections.

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Exposure and Risk Analysis

Flood

Fifty-eight (59) out of 62 barangays of Calapan City are susceptible to

flood. The exposed areas are those along the coastal areas, rivers systems,
and low-lying areas.

For the residential areas, 365.58 ha (69%) are exposed and 6% have
high susceptibility. 20.48 ha (3.87%) of which are highly at risk. Barangays with
the highest area of highly at risk residential areas are located in Buhuan (1.12
ha), Camilmil (1.98 ha), Ibaba West (1.96 ha), Maidlang (1.27 ha), Masipit
(1.23 ha), and Sta. Isabel (2.98 ha). The aggregate value at risk for residential
areas is ₱960,307,200.

For commercial areas, 64.2896 ha (87%) are exposed and 4% have

high susceptibility. 0.34 ha (0.46%) are highly at risk. Barangays with highly at
risk commercial areas are located in Camilmil (0.12 ha), Canubing I (0.17 ha),
Masipit (0.008 ha), and Tawiran (0.03 ha). The aggregate value at risk for
commercial areas is ₱20,032,800.

For agro-industrial areas, 35.4489 ha (80%) are exposed and 3% have

high susceptibility. Only Barangay Panggalaan has a highly at risk agro-
industrial area. The aggregate value at risk for residential areas is ₱6,000,608.

For industrial areas, 25.64 ha (88%) are exposed and 6% have high
susceptibility. About 0.28 ha (1%) are highly at risk. These industrial areas are
located in Barangays Tawiran and Lazareto. The aggregate value at risk for
residential areas is ₱8,195,600.

For parks and open spaces, 4.77 ha (83%) are exposed and 5% have
high susceptibility. About 0.07 ha (1%) are highly at risk. These parks and open
spaces are located in Managpi, Camilmil, and Maidlang. The aggregate
value at risk for residential areas is ₱3,642,100.

For tourism areas, 8.7218 ha (66%) are exposed and 21% have high
susceptibility. About 1.45 ha (11%) are highly at risk. These tourism areas are
located in Barangays Parang and Malamig. The aggregate value at risk for
residential areas is ₱88,406,500.

For the cemetery, 12.3153 ha (71%) are exposed and 13% have high
susceptibility to flood. About 1.02 ha (11%) are highly at risk. This cemetery is
located in Barangay Tawiran. Lastly, the dumpsite which has a land area of

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1.7098 ha (100%) is moderately susceptible to flood. The same land area is

moderately at risk to flood.

Landslide

Forty-one (41) out of 62 barangays of Calapan City are susceptible to

landslide. The exposed areas are those in high elevation areas, steep slopes,
and loose soil.

Only the residential and commercial areas have high exposure to

landslide. For the residential areas, 164.4768 ha (31%) are exposed and less
than 1% and have high and moderate susceptibility. 44.86 ha (8%) of which
are highly at risk. Barangays with highly at risk residential areas are located in
Bondoc (0.83 ha), Bulusan (13.92 ha), Lazareto (6.87 ha), Lumangbayan (0.15
ha), Palhi (13.84 ha), Parang (1.12 ha), and Suqui (8.13 ha). The aggregate
value at risk for residential areas is ₱2,103,645,563.

For commercial areas, 9.8797 ha (13%) are exposed and less than 1%
and 13% have high and low susceptibility, respectively. 1.50 ha (2%) of which
are highly at risk to landslide. Barangays with highly at risk commercial areas
are located in Bulusan (1.09 ha), Lazareto (0.08 ha), Lumangbayan (0.08 ha),
Palhi (0.11 ha), and Suqui (0.14 ha). The aggregate value at risk for
commercial areas is ₱88,182,335.

The following land uses have low susceptibilities to landslide. For agro-
industrial areas, 8.6976 ha (20%) are moderately exposed to landslide. 6.28 ha
(14.23%) of which are identified as high risk areas. Barangays with highly at risk
agro-industrial areas are located in Bulusan (0.11 ha), Palhi (4.45 ha), Parang
(0.79 ha), and Suqui (0.93 ha). The aggregate value at risk for residential areas
is ₱ 170,242,226.

For industrial areas, there are no highly exposed areas to landslide but
3.55 ha (12%) are moderately exposed to the said hazard. Moreover, 1.99 ha
are identified too be highly at risk. These highly at risk industrial areas are
located in Barangays Bulusan (0.58 ha), Palhi (0.72 ha), and Parang (0.69 ha).
The aggregate value at risk for industrial area is ₱ 8,195,600.

For parks and open spaces, 1.0090 ha (17%) are moderately exposed
to landslide. 0.25 ha (4%) are considered as high risk. These parks and open
spaces are located in Barangays Bondoc and Palhi. The aggregate value at
risk for parks and open spaces is ₱ 13,007,500.

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For tourism, 4.3230 ha (33%) are moderately exposed to landslide. 2.65

ha (20.16%) are tourism areas with high risk to landslide. Barangays with
identified high risk areas are located in Barangays Bulusan (0.44 ha), Lazareto
(0.10 ha), Lumangbayan (0.07 ha), Parang (1.97 ha), and Suqui (0.08 ha). The
aggregate value at risk for tourism area is ₱ 161,570,500.

For the cemetery, 5.0658 ha (29%) are moderately exposed to

landslide. About 3.38 ha of the cemetery located in Barangay Lazareto are
classified as high risk.

Storm Surge

Forty-two (42) among the 62 barangays of Calapan City are prone to

tsunami. Similar to tsunami, most of the exposed barangays are of low
elevation and near the shoreline.

For the residential areas, 202.3563 ha (38%) are prone to storm surge.
86.59 ha (16.36%) are highly at risk to storm surge. The barangays with high risk
residential areas are located in Balite (7.59 ha), Calero (4.87 ha), Gutad (8.46
ha), Ibaba East (2.20 ha), Ibaba West (4.14 ha), Lazareto (6.30 ha), Libis (7.05
ha), Mahal Na Pangalan (2.24 ha), Maidlang (5.17 ha), Navotas (2.55 ha),
Pachoca (10.75 ha), Parang (14.50 ha), San Antonio (2.29 ha), San Rafael
(2.46 ha), Tibag (4.60 ha), and Wawa (1.38 ha). The aggregate value at risk
for residential areas is ₱ 4,060,111,179.

On the other hand, the commercial areas have 42.87 ha (58%) which
are tsunami inundation areas. About 4.22 ha are high risk to tsunami. These
highly at risk commercial areas are located in Calero (1.14 ha), Lazareto (0.08
ha), Libis (0.81 ha), Pachoca (0.14 ha), San Antonio (0.75 ha), San Rafael (1.10
ha), and Tibag (0.20 ha). The aggregate value at risk for residential areas is
₱2,525,900,400.

About 12.21 ha (28%) of agro-industrial areas are prone to tsunami.

About 0.22 ha (0.50%) is highly at risk and found in Gutad. The aggregate
value at risk for agro-industrial areas is ₱5,959,800. For the industrial areas,
3.3513 ha (11%) are prone to tsunami. About 0.004 ha (0.01%) of industrial
areas in Calero is highly at risk to storm surge. The aggregate value at risk for
industrial areas is ₱117,080.

For the parks and open spaces, 2.0070 ha (35%) are exposed. About
0.62 ha (10.84%) is highly at risk to storm surge. These parks and open spaces
are located in Barangays Balite, Calero, Gutad, Lazareto, Maidlang, and San
Rafael. The aggregate value at risk for parks and open spaces is ₱32,365,470.

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For the tourism areas, 8.51 ha (64.75%) are moderately at risk to storm
surge. These are located in Barangays Balite (0.66 ha), Mahal Na Pangalan
(1.43 ha), Parang (6.09 ha), Suqui (0.23 ha), and Tibag (0.11 ha). The
aggregate value at risk for parks and open spaces is ₱ 518,854,700.

For the cemetery, 13.0647 ha (75%) are exposed. About 1.40 ha of the
cemetery in San Antonio is highly at risk to storm surge. Lastly, 1.7097 ha (100%)
of the dumpsite is exposed and classified as low risk.

Tsunami

Twenty-three (23) out of 62 barangays of Calapan City are prone to

tsunami. Most of the exposed barangays are of low elevation and near the
shoreline.

For the residential areas, 23.0461 ha (4%) are prone to tsunami. 26.18
ha (5%) are identified as high risk to tsunami. These residential areas are
located in Barangays Baruyan (1.35 ha), Calero (4.87 ha), Gutad (1.83 ha),
Ibaba East (1.98 ha), Ibaba West (4.14 ha), Lazareto (2.55 ha), Mahal Na
Pangalan (0.76 ha), Maidlang (0.70 ha), Navotas (2.55 ha), San Antonio (0.81
ha), San Rafael (2.49 ha), and Tibag (2.1 ha). The aggregate value at risk for
residential areas is ₱ 1,227,666,384.

On the other hand, the commercial areas have 1.47 ha (2%) which are
tsunami inundation areas. 2.83 ha are highly at risk to tsunami. Barangays with
these highly at risk commercial areas are located in Calero (2.83 ha), San
Antonio (0.59 ha), and San Rafael (1.10 ha). The aggregate value at risk for
commercial areas is ₱ 166,743,600.

About 1.7166 ha (6%) of industrial areas is prone to tsunami. 0.01 ha of

industrial areas in Calero is highly at risk to tsunami. The aggregate value at
risk for industrial areas is ₱ 292,700. For the parks and open spaces, 0.47 ha
(8%) are exposed. 0.29 ha is highly at risk to tsunami. The aggregate value at
risk for parks and open spaces is ₱15,088,700.

Lastly, tourism areas, with 5.8642 ha of exposure, share the highest

percentage (45%) of structures which are prone to tsunami. However, these
areas are identified as moderate risk since most of them are protected by sea
walls. These tourism areas are located in Balite, Mahal Na Pangalan,
Pachoca, Parang, and Suqui. The aggregate value at risk for tourism areas is
₱ 357,540,274.

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Decision Areas and Policy Interventions

The summary of urban use decision areas with their corresponding

policy interventions is shown in Table 9.10. The selected urban use decision
areas are those barangays with highly-dense economic activity. The
Technical Working Group (TWG) suggested the formulation of a City
Ordinance on business owners to undergo climate and disaster risk reduction
and management trainings and drills as a requirement in securing business
permit in order to promote climate-responsible businesses.

It was also recommended to promote compliance to hazard-resistant

design standards which includes the National Building Code, fire-resistant
designs, flood proof designs, and earthquake-resistant designs in order to
minimize the potential damages to urban use structures. Additionally, the
continuation of the mandatory soil testing for buildings with three-story high
could prevent building collapse in case of landslide.

Adjusting zoning easements according to the hazard susceptible maps

can prevent property owners from building in highly susceptible or high risk
areas. Furthermore, the establishment of no-build zones in highly susceptible
or high risk areas as part of zoning ordinances should help the future investors
in selecting a strategic location for their establishments. The strict
implementation and monitoring of these zoning ordinances should be
maintained. This can be observed through disseminating zoning information
and delegation of the monitoring task to the barangay level.

Aside from policies, projects are also useful in managing the risks
brought by hazards. An example is the expansion and maintenance of
drainage systems and other flood control infrastructures, and sea walls.
Majority of the barangays within the Central Business District have installed
drainage systems to empty the water into an outlet; it prevents flooding in
critical life lines. Some of the coastal barangays are still not protected by sea
walls. Seawall coverage can minimize coastal erosion and the impacts of
tsunami and storm surge.

According to the TWG and the key informants, the major rivers of
Calapan are already silted. Dredging is the process of excavating the
sediments that built up over time. The dredging of these rivers is a short-term
solution that can minimize the flood by increasing the capacity of river to hold
water.

Lastly, the City Government of Calapan should promote the purchase

of property insurance to provide coverage for their properties against loss or

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damage caused by hazards. Property owners who are covered by such

insurance can easily recover from their potential losses.

Table 9.10. Decision areas and policy interventions matrix for urban use areas
Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

Flood Bucayao x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

Buhuan standards.
Camilmil x Formulate an ordinance mandating
Ibaba East business owners to undergo climate
Ibaba West and disaster risk reduction and
Gutad management trainings and drills as a
Lalud requirement in securing business
Lumangbayan permit.
Masipit x Establish no-build zones as part of
Residential Nag-iba I zoning ordinances.
Areas Nag-iba II x Strict implementation and monitoring
Navotas of zoning ordinances.
Panggalaan x Expansion and maintenance of
San Vicente East drainage, other flood control
San Vicente North infrastructures, and sea walls.
San Vicente West x Periodic dredging of rivers.
Sta. Maria Village x Encourage property owners to apply
Sto. Niño for property insurance.
Tawiran
Tibag

Camilmil x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

Ibaba East standards.
Lalud x Formulate an ordinance mandating
Lumangbayan business owners to undergo climate
Masipit and disaster risk reduction and
San Vicente Central management trainings and drills as a
San Vicente East requirement in securing business
San Vicente North permit.
Commercial San Vicente West x Establish no-build zones as part of
Areas San Vicente South zoning ordinances.
Sta. Maria Village x Strict implementation and monitoring
Sto. Niño of zoning ordinances.
Tawiran x Expansion and maintenance of
Tibag drainage and other flood control
infrastructures.
x Periodic dredging of rivers.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

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Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

x Maintenance of the perimeter fence

Dumpsite Batino to prevent water infiltration in case of
a flooding event.

Landslide x Strictly implement soil testing

especially in highly susceptible areas.
x Imposition of hazard-resistant design
standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
Bondoc business owners to undergo climate
Bulusan and disaster risk reduction and
Residential San Antonio management trainings and drills as a
Areas Sto. Niño requirement in securing business
permit.
x Establish no-build zones as part of
zoning ordinances.
x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

x Strictly implement soil testing

especially in highly susceptible areas.
x Imposition of hazard-resistant design
standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
business owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
Commercial Lumangbayan management trainings and drills as a
Areas Sto. Niño requirement in securing business
permit.
x Establish no-build zones as part of
zoning ordinances.
x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

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Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

x Strictly implement soil testing

especially in highly susceptible areas.
x Imposition of hazard-resistant design
standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
business owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
Lumangbayan
management trainings and drills as a
Tourism Areas Parang
requirement in securing business
Suqui
permit.
x Establish no-build zones as part of
zoning ordinances.
x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

x Strictly implement soil testing

especially in highly susceptible areas.
x Imposition of hazard-resistant design
standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
business owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
management trainings and drills as a
requirement in securing business
Parang permit.
Agro-industrial
Palhi x Establish no-build zones as part of
zoning ordinances.
x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Expansion and maintenance of
drainage, other flood control
infrastructures, and sea walls.
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

Storm Calero x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

Surge Gutad standards.
Residential Ibaba East x Establish no-build zones as part of
Areas Ibaba West zoning ordinances.
Maidlang x Strict implementation and monitoring
Navotas of zoning ordinances.

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Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

San Rafael x Expansion and maintenance of

San Vicente Central drainage, other flood control
San Vicente East infrastructures, and sea walls.
San Vicente North x Expansion of mangrove forests.
San Vicente West x Encourage property owners to apply
Silonay for property insurance.
Wawa

x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
business owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
management trainings and drills as a
Ibaba East
requirement in securing business
Ibaba West
permit.
San Vicente Central
Commercial x Establish no-build zones as part of
San Vicente East
Areas zoning ordinances.
San Vicente North
x Strict implementation and monitoring
San Vicente West
of zoning ordinances.
San Vicente South
x Expansion and maintenance of
drainage, other flood control
infrastructures, and sea walls.
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
resort owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
Balite management trainings and drills as a
Mahal Na Pangalan requirement in securing business
Pachoca permit.
Tourism Areas Parang x Establish no-build zones as part of
Silonay zoning ordinances.
Suqui x Strict implementation and monitoring
Tibag of zoning ordinances.
x Expansion and maintenance of
drainage, other flood control
infrastructures, and sea walls.
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
x Encourage property owners to apply

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Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

for property insurance.

Tsunami Calero
x Imposition of hazard-resistant design
Gutad
standards.
Ibaba East
x Establish no-build zones as part of
Ibaba West
zoning ordinances.
Maidlang
x Strict implementation and monitoring
Navotas
Residential of zoning ordinances.
Pachoca
Areas x Expansion and maintenance of
San Rafael
drainage, other flood control
San Vicente North
infrastructures, and sea walls.
San Vicente West
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
Silonay
x Encourage property owners to apply
Tibag
for property insurance.
Wawa

x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

standards.
x Formulate an ordinance mandating
business owners to undergo climate
and disaster risk reduction and
management trainings and drills as a
requirement in securing business
Ibaba East permit.
Commercial Ibaba West x Establish no-build zones as part of
Areas San Vicente North zoning ordinances.
San Vicente West x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Expansion and maintenance of
drainage, other flood control
infrastructures, and sea walls.
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

x Imposition of hazard-resistant design

Balite standards.
Mahal Na Pangalan x Formulate an ordinance mandating
Pachoca resort owners to undergo climate
Tourism Areas Parang and disaster risk reduction and
Silonay management trainings and drills as a
Suqui requirement in securing business
Tibag permit.
x Establish no-build zones as part of

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Decision Areas
Hazard Policy interventions
Land Use Barangay

zoning ordinances.
x Strict implementation and monitoring
of zoning ordinances.
x Expansion and maintenance of
drainage, other flood control
infrastructures, and sea walls.
x Expansion of mangrove forests.
x Encourage property owners to apply
for property insurance.

Natural Resource-Based Production Areas

Natural resource-based production areas pertain to the agriculture

sector of a community. For the city of Calapan, it can be classified into three:
rice production areas, mixed agricultural areas (i.e. calamansi, banana,
coconut), and fishponds.

Adaptive Capacity indicators

The City of Calapan recognizes the need to invest in its agriculture

sector. Among the current agriculture programs and intervention employed in
the city include: irrigation, crop insurance, and Farmer-Field-School (FFS). The
indicators used in studying the adaptive capacity of the city and each
barangay are: the percentage of areas covered by irrigation, the number of
farmers with access to crop insurance, and the number of farmers enrolled in
FFS.

Irrigation supplies water to rice paddies. The percentage of irrigation

cover determines the ability of the city to provide water when there is less
precipitation. The primary source of irrigation in the city is the National
Irrigation Authority (NIA). Twenty-four (24) agricultural barangays are serviced
by NIA. For the agricultural areas not covered by NIA, farmers use Jetmatic
pump.

The second adaptive capacity indicator for the natural resource-

based production areas is the number of farmers with access to crop
insurance. According to the City Agriculture Office, a total of 427 rice farmers
have availed to the Philippine Crop Insurance Corporation (PCIC) insurance.
These farmers are located in Barangays Balingayan, Baruyan, Batino,
Camansihan, Canubing I, Comunal, Gulod, Managpi, Nag-iba I, Palhi, Puting

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Tubig, Sapul, and Sta. Cruz. The number of farmers that applied for crop
insurance indicates how many farmers will have the capacity to start again
after a natural disaster since the losses can easily be recouped with the help
of insurance.

Lastly, the number of farmers enrolled in FFS determines the number of

farmers who are aware of climate change-ready. FFS includes climate field
school where farmers are taught about climate change and how they can
cope to its negative effects.

Exposure and Risk Analysis

Flood

A total of 6,406.70 ha of rice production areas are exposed to flood;

252.33 ha of which are highly exposed to flood while 1,171.59 ha and 4,982.78
ha have moderate and low exposures, respectively. On the other hand, a
total of 2,225.46 ha of mixed agriculture production areas are exposed to
flood; 618.58 ha of which are highly exposed to flood while 693.88 ha and
913.00 ha have moderate and low exposures, respectively. Lastly, a total of
539.67 ha of fishpond areas are exposed to flood; 85.64 ha of which are highly
exposed to flood while 346.42 ha and 107.01 ha have moderate and low
exposures, respectively.

In terms of risk, 1,549.24 ha of rice are highly at risk to flood. These highly
at risk rice production areas are located in Barangays Baruyan (320.97 ha),
Batino (369.53 ha), Bayanan I (87.32 ha), Bayanan II (162.21 ha), Bucayao
(183.40 ha), Buhuan (384.21 ha), Camansihan (351.51 ha), Canubing I (278.15
ha), Gutad (128.55 ha), Masipit (138.76 ha), Nag-iba I (105.58 ha), Nag-iba II
(217.20 ha), Palhi (75.72 ha), Panggalaan (169.72 ha), Parang (16.54 ha),
Patas (81.82 ha), and Sta. Cruz (285.79 ha). The estimated value for the
identified high risk areas is ₱77,462,000.

425.92 ha of mixed agriculture production areas are highly at risk to

flood. These are located in Barangays Bucayao (174.45 ha), Buhuan (37.23
ha), Gutad (544.08 ha), Nag-iba I (47.84 ha), Nag-iba II (190.61 ha),
Panggalaan (62.88 ha), and Sta. Cruz (288.52 ha). The estimated value for the
identified high risk areas is ₱21,296,000.

83.43 ha of fishpond areas are highly at risk to flood. Highly at risk

fishpond areas are located in Barangays Gutad (20.04 ha), Masipit (194.49
ha), Nag-iba II (15.42 ha), Navotas (42.14 ha), Tawagan (83.47), and Wawa
(2.91 ha).

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Landslide

A total of 2,176.43 ha of rice production areas are exposed to flood

and are identified to have low susceptibility to landslide. On the other hand, a
total of 1,770.79 ha of mixed agriculture production areas are exposed to
landslide; 241.15 ha of which are highly exposed to landslide while 187.40 ha
and 1,342.24 ha have moderate and low exposures, respectively.

In terms of risk, 169.50 ha of rice are highly at risk to landslide. These

highly at risk rice production areas are located in Barangays Batino (112.65
ha), Bulusan (12.34 ha), Palhi (36.40 ha) and Parang (8.11 ha). The estimated
value for the identified high risk areas is ₱8,475,000.

For the mixed agriculture production areas, 913.94 ha are highly at risk
to landslide. These are located in Barangays Bulusan (343.92 ha), Palhi (391.51
ha), and Parang (178.51 ha). The estimated value for the identified high risk
areas is ₱45,697,000.

Storm Surge

A total of 938.72 ha of rice production areas are exposed to storm

surge. On the other hand, a total of 505.40 ha of fishpond areas are exposed
to storm surge. In terms of risk, 370.88 ha of rice are identified to have a high
risk to storm surge. These rice production areas are located in Barangays
Balite (50.21 ha), Baruyan (168.06 ha), Gutad (109.99 ha), Mahal Na Pangalan
(10.91 ha), Maidlang (6.25 ha), Nag-iba I (60.90 ha), Nag-iba II (182.22 ha),
Pachoca (19.39 ha), Parang (22.36 ha). The estimated value for the identified
high risk areas is ₱18,544,000.

For the fishpond areas, 170.88 ha are highly at risk to flood. Highly at risk
fishpond areas are located in Barangays Balite (36.44 ha), Baruyan (58.09 ha),
Gutad (20.04 ha), Mahal Na Pangalan (54.07 ha), Nag-iba II (15.67 ha),
Navotas (42.14 ha), Pachoca (1.94 ha), Parang (19.32 ha), and Wawa
(2.9ha). The estimated value for the identified high risk areas is ₱8,544,000.

Tsunami

A total of 370.88 ha of rice production areas are exposed to tsunami.

On the other hand, a total of 448.86 ha of fishpond areas are exposed to the
same hazard. In terms of risk, 370.88 ha of rice are identified to have a low risk
to tsunami. These rice production areas are located in Barangays Balite (1.50

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ha), and Baruyan (0.94 ha). The estimated value for the identified high risk
areas is ₱18,544,000.

For the fishpond areas, 170.88 ha are highly at risk to landslide. The
highly at risk fishpond areas are located in Barangays Balite (9.14 ha), Baruyan
(36.21 ha), Mahal Na Pangalan (52.71 ha), Parang (11.44 ha), and Wawa
(2.91). The estimated value for the identified high risk areas is ₱8,544,000.

Decision Areas and Policy Interventions

The summary of natural resource-based production decision areas with

their corresponding policy interventions is shown in Table 9.11. Only 427
farmers have availed for crop insurance from the Philippine Crop Insurance
Corporation (PCIC). According to the Technical Working Group, aside from
unmet requirements, the limited number of farmers who have availed for crop
insurance is due to uninformed farmers about crop insurance. Encouraging
farmers to apply for crop insurance would increase the number of farmers
who are capable of managing the risks brought about by climate change
and natural disasters.

According to the key informants and TWG, some irrigation networks are
already silted and need maintenance. These irrigation networks contribute to
the causes of flood to agricultural areas. Maintenance of irrigation networks
also allows an easier facilitation of water in times of drought.

The use of climate change-ready crop varieties can also be promoted

by the City Agricultural Services Department to minimize the damages of
certain hazards. The International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) has developed
the IR64-Sub1 submergence-tolerant rice variety to minimize damages due to
short-term or prolonged flooding. On the other hand, the salt-tolerant rice
varieties can be used in coastal barangays especially those already affected
by saltwater intrusion. Additionally, the drought-tolerant rice varieties can be
planted during El Niño to improve rice gain yield under such conditions.
Additionally, integrating the use of these crop varieties to a climate change-
adjusted cropping calendar could further minimize potential losses due to
climate change and natural disasters. The Technical Working Group
suggested conducting a two-year research on a more appropriate cropping
calendar given the changing trends of the climate.

Loose soil in steep slopes is at likely to experience erosion. It also puts

nearby exposed elements at risk so stabilizing soil ensures safety. Trees have
root systems that can hold soil in place beneath the surface layers. Planting of

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fruit trees can help in soil stabilization while maximizing agricultural

productivity.

The Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are established in selected parts of

the City: Harka Piloto Reef Fish Sanctuary in Lazareto, the Silonay Mangrove
Forest Conservation Area and the Calero-Salong Sea-grass and Corals in the
coastal areas of barangays Calero and San Rafael.

The establishment of MPA is important to protect the habitat of fishes

and aid in their growth and reproduction. Its maintenance increases the
chance to withstand climate change and certain hazards. Mangroves serve
as natural barriers to protect coastal communities from storm surge and
tsunami. Since fish pens and fishponds are identified to be highly vulnerable
to the said hazards, maintenance of mangrove forests could decrease the
risk of damaged aquaculture in the City.

According to the TWG, the proliferation of unregulated fish pens

increase the potential damages of natural hazards such as flooding, storm
surge, and tsunami. The regulation of fish pens can minimize the areas at risk
to the said hazards. Another intervention that was raised was the conduct of
livelihood trainings for the fisherfolks. It equips the fisherfolks in practical
knowledge other than fishing to provide alternative jobs in stormy seasons.

Table 9.11. Decision areas and policy interventions matrix for natural resource-based
production areas
Hazard Decision Areas Policy interventions

Flood Bucayao x Encourage farmers to apply for crop insurance.

Buhuan x Maintenance of irrigation networks.
Canubing II x Distribution of climate-smart crop varieties to farmers.
Gutad x Adjust cropping calendars according to the changes
Nag-iba I in the climate.
Nag-iba II
Navotas
Panggalaan
Sta. Cruz
Landslide Palhi x Encourage farmers to apply for crop insurance.
Parang x Distribution of climate-smart crop varieties to farmers.
x Adjust cropping calendars according to the changes
in the climate.
x Planting of trees on steep areas to aid in soil
stabilization.
Storm Surge Balite x Encourage farmers to apply for crop insurance.
Baruyan x Maintenance of irrigation networks.

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Hazard Decision Areas Policy interventions

Mahal Na Pangalan x Distribution of climate-smart crop varieties to farmers.

Masipit x Adjust cropping calendars according to the changes
Tawagan in the climate.
Wawa x Monitoring and maintenance of Marine Protected
Areas.
x Provision of alternative livelihood to coastal
communities.
x Regulate the number of fishponds and fish pens.
x Establishment of mangrove forests to protect existing
fish cages.
Tsunami Balite x Encourage farmers to apply for crop insurance.
Baruyan x Maintenance of irrigation networks.
Mahal Na Pangalan x Distribution of climate-smart crop varieties to farmers.
Masipit x Adjust cropping calendars according to the changes
Tawagan in the climate.
Wawa x Monitoring and maintenance of Marine Protected
Areas.
x Provision of alternative livelihood to coastal
communities.
x Regulate the number of fishponds and fish pens.
x Establishment of mangrove forests to protect existing
fish cages.

Lifeline Utilities

Lifeline utilities cover the transportation (roads and bridges), water

distribution, drainage and power distribution networks which are essential to
ensure delivery of services in a locality. It is important to assess the level of
exposure and risk of these assets to determine which road networks and
bridges will be in need of repair or rehabilitation and identify inaccessible
networks in times of a disaster which can possibly lead to isolation of affected
communities.

Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity indicators

The indicators that were used for assessing the vulnerability and
adaptive capacity of roads and bridges include the surface type, existing
condition, use of hazard mitigation design, insurance coverage, and local
government’s capacity on infrastructure investment. The National Road
traversing Calapan City is made out of asphalt while the rest of the road
networks are mostly concrete except for NIA roads as well as barangay roads
in the rural areas which are made of gravel. The surface type of roads can
determine its life expectancy. For example, roads made of gravel are likely to

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be washed out by increased rainfall or flooding compared to roads made of

concrete or asphalt.

The lifeline’s existing condition also adds to its vulnerability since it

determines its capacity to withstand the effects of disasters. Since most of the
road networks of the City are concrete, most of the existing road networks are
in good condition. Roads with partially concrete surface type and those that
need minor repairs were identified to be under fair condition. Lastly, roads
made of gravel and those that need major repair were classified under poor
condition. For bridges, majority of the bridges within the City are in good
condition and only four bridges are either considered in fair or poor condition.

Hazard mitigation designs of roads are limited to the barangays with

drainage systems which prevent the roads from being flooded thus ensuring
accessibility and increasing its life expectancy. However, according to the
City Engineering and Public Works Department (CEPWD), all proposed roads
to be constructed will be thicker (from six inches to nine inches) compared to
the old road design standards. Calapan City has a high capacity to invest on
infrastructure projects. The City government has already included concreting
of gravel roads in rural barangays and establishment of alternate routes in its
development plans to improve accessibility and avoid traffic congestion.

Exposure and Risk Analysis

Flood

A total of 230.99 kilometers of roads, 26 bridges, nine water systems,

and 20 communication towers are susceptible to flooding. Most of the
exposed roads are barangay roads (83.71 km.) followed by provincial roads
(68.86km.), NIA roads (52.96 km.), national road (21.7 km.), subdivision roads
(12.06 km.) and city roads (3.76 km.). Majority of the exposed NIA roads are
at low risk (36.72 km.) while 14.87 kilometers have moderate risk and only 1.37
kilometers are at high risk. The total value at risk for NIA roads is estimated to
be PhP 582.6 million. For barangay roads, 51.35 kilometers are at low risk while
28.36 kilometers are at moderate risk and only 4.00 kilometers are at high risk.
The total value at risk for barangay roads is estimated to be PhP 920.8 million.

Majority of city roads (6.42 km.) is at low risk while 3.60 kilometers have
moderate risk and only 0.16 kilometers have high risk. The estimated value at
risk for city roads is PhP 48.9 million. For provincial roads, 44.13 kilometers are at
low risk, 23.56 kilometers are at moderate risk, and 1.17 kilometers is at high risk
to flooding. The total value at risk of provincial road is estimated to be PhP

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1.03 billion. Majority of the portion of the national road is at low risk (16.05 km.)
while 5.26 kilometers is at moderate risk and only 0.39 kilometers is at high risk.

The total value at risk for the national road is estimated to be PhP 325.5
million. For subdivision roads, 10.76 kilometers are at low risk and 1.30
kilometers are at moderate risk.

Out of the 26 bridges susceptible to flooding, there are five bridges are
at high risk while 16 bridges are at low risk and five are at moderate risk. High
risk bridges are located in Barangays Sta. Rita (Sta. Rita-Patas Bridge),
Baruyan (Sitio Tahik Bridge), Navotas (Navotas Proper Bridge), and Nag-iba II
(Rainbow and Villa Luna Bridge). For water systems, majority of the facilities of
Calapan Waterworks are at low risk and only two (Sta. Cruz and Gutad
elevated tank) are at moderate risk. For communication towers, 17 are at low
risk and only 3 are at moderate risk.

The moderate to high risk roads include road networks of Barangays

Bucayao, Panggalaan, Buhuan, Sta. Cruz, Nag-iba I, Nag-iba II, Gutad,
Maidlang, Silonay and some portions of Sta. Rita (Sitio Longos), Patas (Sitio
Kanluran and Ibaba), Canubing II (near Dulangan River), Masipit (Sitio Mataas
na Kahoy), and Tawiran (Sitio Morning Breeze). According to the City Public
Safety Department (CPSD), these are the areas that become inaccessible in
times of evacuation and rescue operations since the roads become heavily
flooded. There are also four bridges which become unpassable due to
flooding and can cause isolation of affected communities. These bridges
include the Navotas Proper Bridge, Maidlang Bridge, Sitio Tahik Bridge
(Baruyan), and the Sta. Rita – Patas Bridge. The water facilities and
communication towers were categorized under low risk since they are rarely
affected by flooding according to interviews with barangay officials.

Landslide

A total of 120.08 kilometers of roads, three bridges, three water systems,

and 13 communication towers are susceptible to landslide. Most of the
exposed roads are provincial roads (36.67 km.) followed by NIA roads (31.15
km.), barangay roads (29.12 km.), subdivision roads (14.35 km.), city roads
(6.90 km.) and national road (1.89 km.). All of the exposed NIA roads have low
risk (31.15 km.) to landslide and the total value at risk is estimated to be PhP
342.7 million. Majority of the barangay roads have low risk (25.94 km.) while
only 3.18 kilometers are at moderate risk to landslide. The total value at risk for
barangay roads is PhP 320.3 million.

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For city roads, 4.70 kilometers are at low risk while 2.20 kilometers are at
moderate risk to landslide and the total value at risk is estimated to be PhP
89.7 million. Most of the exposed provincial roads have low risk (34.71 km.) to
landslide and only 1.96 kilometers are at moderate risk. The total estimated
value at risk for provincial roads is at PhP 550.1 million. A portion of the
national road (1.89 km.) is at low risk to landslide with a total value at risk of
PhP 28.4 million. For subdivision roads, 4.86 kilometers are at moderate risk
while 9.49 kilometers have low risk to landslide.

Out of the three bridges exposed, two bridges (Palhi and Aganhao
Bridge) have low risk and one bridge in Barangay Bulusan (Proper 1 Bridge)
has moderate risk to landslide. One water facility (Calapan Water Well –
Ilaya) and seven communication towers have low risk to landslide. Some parts
of Barangay Lumangbayan (along Roxas Drive) and Bulusan (Going to
Xevera Subdivision) have been identified as a landslide prone area. An
occurrence of landslide along the road going to Xevera Subdivision can
cause isolation of its residents and potential damage to the road itself. On the
other hand, an occurrence of landslide along Roxas Drive can cause it to be
unpassable and traffic congestion since it is an alternate route to and from
Calapan Pier.

Storm Surge

A total of 114.85 kilometers of roads, 15 bridges, three water facilities,

and 13 communication towers are exposed to storm surge. Most of the
exposed roads are barangay roads (49.88 km.) followed by provincial roads
(34.28 km.), subdivision roads (12.5 km.), city roads (7.61 km.), NIA roads (5.8
km.), and national road (4.78 km.). Majority of exposed NIA roads have low
risk (5.22 km.) and only 0.58 kilometers have moderate risk to storm surge. The
total value at risk for NIA roads is estimated to be PhP 63.8 million. For
barangay roads, 4.51 kilometers are at high risk, 25.22 kilometers are at
moderate risk, and 20.15 have low risk to storm surge. The total value at risk for
barangay roads is estimated to be PhP 548.7 million.

For city roads, 3.18 kilometers are at moderate risk while 4.43 kilometers
are at low risk and the total value at risk is estimated to be PhP 98.9 million.
Majority of the exposed provincial roads are at low risk (34.71 km.) and only
1.96 kilometers have moderate risk to storm surge. The total value at risk for
provincial road is about PhP 514.2 million. A portion of the national road has
low risk (3.45 km.) and only 1.33 kilometers have moderate risk to storm surge.
The estimated value at risk for the national road is PhP 71.7 million. For
subdivision roads, 8.66 kilometers have moderate risk and only 3.84 kilometers
are at low risk to storm surge.

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Roads identified as high risk are located in Barangays Gutad (Going to

Villa Antonio) and Navotas (Going to Navotas Proper) since there are no
alternative routes that provide access to these areas. Roads that are
categorized as moderate risk are found in the coastal barangays. The
national road from Calapan Pier going to Barangay Calero are under
moderate risk due to its proximity to the shoreline and it is the main route
traversed by vehicles that come to and from Calapan Pier.

For bridges, the Navotas Proper Bridge is at high risk while the Balite
Highway Bridge is at moderate risk and the remaining 13 bridges have low risk
to storm surge. The two bridges mentioned above are located in coastal
barangays which makes them more prone to damage caused by storm
surge. Three water facilities and 13 communication towers also have low risk
to storm surge.

Tsunami

A total of 7.61 kilometers of roads and three bridges are exposed to

tsunami. Out of the 7.61 kilometers of roads exposed to tsunami, 3.51
kilometers are barangay roads, 3.04 kilometers are provincial roads, 0.86
kilometers are portions of the national road, and 0.20 kilometers are city
roads. All exposed roads have moderate risk to tsunami and the total value at
risk is estimated to be PhP 99.7 million. The Sitio Tahik Bridge (Baruyan) and
Balite Highway Bridge (Balite) have moderate risk to tsunami while the San
Agustin Bridge (San Vicente North) has a low risk to tsunami. Identified lifeline
utilities under high and moderate risk are also the same as mentioned above
in risk to storm surge.

Decision areas and Policy Interventions

The identified decision areas and policy interventions for lifeline utilities
are summarized in Table 9.12. Upgrading of roads and bridges is one of the
policy interventions identified by the technical working group. A portion of the
provincial road in Barangay Gutad is being eroded by the river and must be
given immediate attention to avoid casualties and ensure accessibility of the
area. According to the City Engineering and Public Works Department
(CEPWD), new roads to be established will become thicker (from 6 inches to 9
inches thickness) compared to the old road designs. Concreting of gravel
roads must also be given priority to avoid them from getting washed out by
rainfall or flood thus resulting to higher replacement costs.

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Regular structural assessment and rehabilitation of existing bridges must

also be conducted since some bridges are constructed for more than 30
years. This is also to prevent damages that may lead to higher replacement
costs and potential isolation of communities. However, bridges with historical
significance such as the Aganhao Bridge (a 100-year old bridge located in
Barangay Suqui) must be given special considerations to preserve its cultural
value. Tree planting along road networks should also be avoided in order to
prevent damages caused by the growth of roots and falling debris during
times of disaster.

Acquisition of right-of-way is essential to establish new road networks

especially in areas where there are no alternate routes for evacuation such
as Barangay Navotas (Villa Antonio and Proper). One concern of barangay
officials from Barangay Maidlang is the privatization of land which may lead
to the inaccessibility of the area. In this case, the City may want to exercise
the right to eminent domain to obtain right-of-way. However, just
compensation must be given to the property owner pursuant to Republic Act
10752 (Right of Way Act of 2015).

The implementation of the Calapan City Drainage Master Plan is

essential to reduce risk to flooding not only for the City’s population but also
for its lifeline utilities and infrastructure. Strategic establishment of drainage
systems will help prevent roads from being flooded thus it increasing its life
expectancy.

Power lines should also be regularly maintained in order to avoid

instances of short circuit which can potentially cause fire and power
disruption. According to the Technical Working Group, power lines in the
urban areas must be untangled to prevent electric posts from falling in times
of disaster. Fallen electric posts cause delays during evacuation and rescue
operations.

Provision of potable drinking water especially in the eastern barangays

must be given special attention during a disaster. The Technical Working
Group suggested that all barangays must be encouraged to stockpile
potable water in case of a disaster to avoid the spread of water borne
diseases. Since some barangays utilize free flowing and dug well as source of
drinking water, they become more vulnerable to contaminants that cause
diseases.

Since Calapan City’s source of water is groundwater, there may come

a time that groundwater will eventually run out. In addition, intense
groundwater pumping may lead to saltwater intrusion which can cause

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negative effects to the well-being of the population. According to the City

Environment and Natural Resources Department (CENRD), a previous study in
1990s on saltwater intrusion revealed that saltwater is already present in areas
three kilometers away from the shoreline. Based on the results of barangay
interviews, saltwater has already reached parts of Barangays Camansihan,
Batino, and Managpi. The Technical Working Group has suggested that a
study on Calapan City’s water table and saltwater intrusion must be
conducted to determine the status of aquifers. Utilization of surface water
and establishment of a rainwater harvesting facility were also recommended
since the City is projected experience an increase in precipitation.

Table 9.12. Decision areas and policy interventions matrix for lifeline utilities of
Calapan City
Hazard Decision areas Policy interventions
Flood - All roads of Bucayao, Panggalaan, - Upgrading of roads and bridges
Buhuan, Sta.Cruz, Nag-iba I, Nag-iba
II, Navotas, Gutad, Maidlang, - Avoid tree planting near road
Silonay networks

- Portions of Masipit (Sitio Mataas na - Right-of-way acquisition for

Kahoy), Tawiran (Sitio Morning establishment of new road
Breeze), Sta.Rita (Sitio Longos), Patas networks
(Sitio Kanluran and Ibaba),
Canubing II (Near Dulangan River) - Implementation of the Calapan
City Drainage Master Plan
- Sitio Tahik Bridge (Baruyan),
Sta.Rita-Patas Bridge (Sta. Rita), - Maintenance of power lines
Maidlang Bridge
Navotas Proper Bridge - Provision of potable drinking
Landslide - Bulusan (Morning Star Subdivision water in the Eastern barangays
and Xevera)
- Conduct study on water table
- Portions of Lumangbayan,
and saltwater intrusion
Guinobatan, Sapul, Palhi, Parang,
Suqui
- Utilization of surface water and
Storm Surge - Wawa, Mahal na Pangalan, Balite,
establishment of rainwater
Pachoca, Tibag, Ibaba West, Ibaba
harvesting facility
East, Calero, San Rafael, Silonay,
Maidlang, Gutad, and Navotas

- Balite Highway Bridge and Navotas

Proper Bridge
Tsunami - Wawa, Mahal na Pangalan, Balite,
Pachoca, Tibag, Ibaba West, Ibaba
East, Calero, San Rafael, Silonay,
Maidlang, Gutad, and Navotas

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Hazard Decision areas Policy interventions

- Balite Highway Bridge and Navotas

Proper Bridge

Critical Point Facilities

Critical point facilities are structures that provide key socio-economic

support services to the population and can also serve as evacuation centers
during disasters. These facilities are categorized into educational facilities
(schools and day care centers), government facilities (barangay hall and
government buildings), health facilities (hospitals and health centers), and
recreational facilities (basketball courts and plaza).

Vulnerability and Adaptive Capacity Indicators

There are a total of 392 critical point facilities in Calapan City. Facilities
that are made of concrete are 349, while 27 are made of mixed materials or
are semi-concrete, and the rest (16) are made of light materials. Majority or
281 facilities are still in good condition, while 80 need minor repairs and 31
needs major repair.

According to the data gathered through key-informant interview and

focus group discussions, there are no alternative sites for the facilities except
when someone would donate land, or if there is a budget to build facilities, in
case it has been destroyed by disaster. Facilities are also not covered by
insurance, except for the privately-owned (e.g. hospitals and private schools).

All barangays of Calapan City allot 5% from their annual budget to the
disaster risk mitigation and preparation. The 70% from it will be used for the
disaster preparedness programs while the remaining 30% is for the disaster
quick response.

Exposure and Risk Analysis

Flood

Critical point facilities that are exposed to flooding are located in 54

barangays. Out of the 392 facilities, 278 are exposed to flooding. Two
recreational facilities, eight government facilities, one health facility, and four
educational facilities that are highly susceptible to flooding. The facilities that
are moderately susceptible to flooding are 28, and 235 facilities have a low
exposure.

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A total of 16 critical point facilities are at high risk to flooding, located

in barangays Gutad, Lazareto, Masipit, Panggalaan, San Vicente West,
Silonay, and Tawiran. All critical point facilities of Barangay Silonay are at high
risk, these are the Barangay Hall, Covered Court, Day Care Center, Silonay
Elementary School, Health and Nutrition Post, and Health Center.

On the other hand, there are 42 barangays at low risk to flood. There
are 91 educational facilities, 35 health facilities, 81 government facilities and
29 recreational facilities at risk to flooding that fall under the low category.
Moreover, 29 critical point facilities are moderately at risk to flooding.

Educational facilities are the most affected or at risk to flooding which

suggest that these should not be used as evacuation centers during disasters.
Out of 278 facilities at risk to flooding, only one is made of light materials, it is
Pachoca Day Care Center, 11 are made of mixed materials, and 266 are
made of concrete. There are also 15 facilities that have a poor condition and
needs major repair, 35 are in fair condition, while 228 facilities are on good
condition.

Landslide

Barangays Balingayan, Bondoc, Bulusan, Canubing II, Comunal,

Guinobatan, Gulod, Ilaya, Lazareto, Lumangbayan, Malad, Palhi, Personas,
Puting Tubig, San Rafael (Salong), San Antonio, Sapol, and Suqui have
facilities that are exposed to landslide. There are 76 facilities exposed to
landslide, and all fall under the low category. There are 25 educational
facilities, 10 health facilities, 26 government facilities, and 15 recreational
facilities.

There are a total of 76 critical point facilities at risk to landslide, all fall
under the low risk category. There are 26 government facilities, 25
educational facilities, 10 health facilities, and 15 recreational facilities located
in the mentioned barangays.

Of all the critical point facilities at risk to landslide, only one is made of
mixed materials, the San Antonio Elementary School, and one is made of light
materials, the Senior Citizen Building of Barangay Suqui. Two critical point
facilities are in poor condition and needs major repair, the Lazareto
Elementary School and Lazareto Barangay Hall. There are 13 facilities that
need minor repair, the Balingayan Basketball Court, Bondoc Basketball Court,
Barangay Bulusan Basketball Court, its Barangay Hall, Bulusan Elementary
School and Bulusan Recreational facility, Barangay Comunal Health Center,

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Lazareto Day Care Center, Malad Basketball Court, Barangay Palhi Health
Station, San Antonio Day Care Center, Center of Agriculture Office in
Barangay Sapul, and Suqui Basketball Court.

Storm Surge

Critical point facilities exposed to storm surge are located in Barangays

Balite, Baruyan, Calero, Camilmil, Gutad, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Ilaya, Lalud,
Lazareto, Libis, Lumangbayan, Mahal na Pangalan, Maidlang, Masipit, Nag-
Iba I and II, Navotas, Pachoca, Parang, San Rafael (Salong), San Antonio, San
Vicente Central, East, West, South and North, Silonay, Sto. Niño, Sta. Maria
Village, Suqui, Tawiran, Tibag, and Wawa. There are 59 educational facilities,
74 government facilities, 25 health facilities, and 23 recreational facilities
exposed to storm surge.

Among the 181 critical point facilities at risk to storm surge, 74 are
government facilities. There are also 59 educational facilities at risk that again
suggest not suitable to be used as evacuation centers. Other facilities at risk
to storm surge are 25 health facilities and 23 recreational facilities.

Critical point facilities highly at risk to storm surge are located in

Barangays Navotas, Wawa, Silonay, Parang, Mahal na Pangalan, San Rafael
(Salong), and San Antonio, all of which are coastal barangays. There are 12
educational facilities, 17 government facilities, five health facilities, and 8
recreational facilities located in the mentioned barangays. Although
Barangay Ibaba East is moderately at risk to storm surge on the average, the
City Library and its Barangay Hall are highly at risk.

Among the facilities that are highly at risk to storm surge, eight needs
minor repairs, these are the Barangay Halls of Ibaba East and San Antonio,
Old City Hall, Basketball Courts of Mahal na Pangalan and Navotas, Pachoca
Day Care Center, Parang Health and Nutrition Post, and Wawa Elementary
School. Only the Navotas Day Care Center, among the highly at risk, is in poor
condition and needs major repair.

Meanwhile, there are 28 educational facilities, 32 government facilities,

13 health facilities, and seven recreational facilities at low risk to storm surge
that are located in Barangays Camilmil, Gutad, Ilaya, Lalud, Libis,
Lumangbayan, Masipit, San Vicente Central, San Vicente East, Sto. Niño,
Suqui, and Tawiran. Four facilities are in need of minor repairs. These are
Masipit Barangay Hall, San Vicente East Day Care Center, Suqui Health and
Nutrition Post, and Ma. Estrella PVG Elementary School.

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Furthermore, there are 19 educational facilities, 25 government

facilities, seven health facilities, and six recreational facilities that are
moderately at risk to storm surge. All the 57 facilities are located in Barangays
Balite, Baruyan, Calero, Gutad, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Lazareto, Maidlang,
Nag-Iba I, Nag-Iba II, San Vicente North, San Vicente South, San Vicente
West, and Tibag.

Tsunami

The barangays that have critical point facilities exposed to tsunami are
Barangays Calero, Gutad, Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Lazareto, San Antonio,
San Vicente North, Silonay, Tibag, and Wawa. There are five educational
facilities, 13 government facilities, two health facilities, and three recreational
facilities that are exposed to tsunami.

All 38 critical point facilities at risk to tsunami fall under the moderate
and high category. There are seven educational facilities, eight government
facilities, two health facilities, and five recreational facilities at high risk that
are located in Barangays Ibaba East, Ibaba West, Navotas, San Rafael
(Salong), Silonay, and Wawa. Meanwhile, three educational facilities, 11
government facilities, and two health facilities are moderately at risk to
tsunami, and are located in Barangays Calero, Gutad, Lazareto, San Antonio,
San Vicente North, and Tibag.

Critical point facilities at risk to tsunami are all made of concrete,

except Navotas Day Care Center which is made of mixed materials. Majority,
or 34 of the critical point facilities are still in good condition, while three are in
need of minor repairs, the Barangay Hall of Ibaba East, Barangay Navotas
Basketball Court, and Wawa Elementary School. Only the Navotas Day Care
Center is in poor condition and needs major repair.

Decision Areas and Policy Interventions

There are a total of 72 facilities in the City of Calapan that must be

prioritized to lessen the potential risk from flood, landslide, storm surge, and
tsunami. Upon the assessment of the critical point facilities, areas that are at
risk, especially those moderate to high risk should be identified to limit the
building of any facilities or structures, or, construct only those that have
hazard-resistant designs. A structural condition assessment must be also
conducted as it is necessary to evaluate the condition of the facilities.

Furthermore, facilities that are identified to be located on moderate to

high risk areas should not be used as evacuation centers because instead of

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safely securing the residents while a disaster is occurring, it might cause

additional casualties to the city. Barangays adjacent to each other was also
suggested to have facilities be clustered into a low risk area, not just for easy
access to the residents, but also for their safety.

For the facilities like Caguisikan Elementary School and Gutad Day
Care Center that are at a high risk area, relocating should be considered.
Hazard avoidance is best used for flood mitigation by informing the barangay
about proper site selections (Whole Building Design Guide, 2017). If not
prevented, and the facilities are located in a moderate to high risk area, it
was suggested to build additional hazard-resistant multi-purpose buildings
and evacuation centers, Facilities must be elevated above the expected
flood level, limiting the potential damage to the structure. Moreover, an
orientation must be conducted to every barangay of the Calapan City to
give additional information and knowledge about the hazard their area is at
risk of.

9.1.2 Summary and Conclusion

Based on the climate projections of PAGASA, Calapan City will experience

an increase in minimum and maximum temperature for all seasons during 2011-2040
which will be more pronounced during the summer months. An Increased amount of
precipitation for all seasons is also projected for Calapan City. There will also be an
increase in the number of hot days (days with temperature > 35°C) and days with
extreme rainfall (days with rainfall > 150mm). On the other hand, number of dry days
(days with rainfall < 2.5mm) will decrease.

Key impacts of increasing rainfall to the agricultural sector of Calapan City

include flooding and prevalence of pests and diseases which causes damage to
crops and fishponds. For the urban areas, flooding is the primary impact for increase
in rainfall. It may cause prevalence of vector-borne diseases which can lead to an
increase in demand for health services. The primary effect of increasing rainfall in the
coastal area is coastal flooding which causes destruction of coastal communities
resulting to loss of lives or disruption of livelihood. Coastal flooding can also
negatively affect mangrove survivability.

For increase in temperature, the primary effect to the agricultural sector

would be drought and prevalence of pests and diseases which is almost annually
experienced by Calapan City. It may result to damages to crops and fishponds
which may decrease the income of farmers. For the urban areas, increasing
temperature creates an urban heat island effect which may lead to prevalence of
heat-related diseases and increase in water and energy demand. In the coastal
area, increasing temperature can cause saltwater intrusion due to the increase in

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water demand. Sea level rise is also possible which can cause displacement of
coastal communities.

The results of the disaster risk assessment show that the exposed elements
from Bucayao, Panggalaan, and the District 10 Barangays (Buhuan, Sta. Cruz, Nag-
iba I, Nag-iba II, Navotas, and Gutad) are at high risk to flooding. For landslide, the
exposed elements from Barangays Bulusan, Lumangbayan, Palhi and Parang are
categorized under moderate to high risk. For storm surge and tsunami, exposed
elements in Barangay Navotas are at high risk while the remaining coastal
barangays also under moderate to high risk.

9.2 Heritage Conservation

Essentially, heritage is the “soul of a civilization” that is a very valuable facet of

tourism. Many tourists around the world are interested in learning the origins and
evolutions of specific races, places and its peoples in addition to the experiences
and satisfaction they get from nature, food, leisure and the like.

Though way far incomparable with how other countries in the Southeast Asian
region conserve and preserve their old structures, many historic localities in the
Philippines have begun cultivation of their legacy through the revival of their
respective arts, culture and heritage. In the case of Calapan City, however, this has
to be equally prioritized just like the other programs and projects of the local
government. Although there is always mentioned about historic and significant sites
and structures in the city, like the San Vicente Bridge which was allegedly the site of
the first encounter between Calapeno revolutionaries and the Spanish troops and
the Suqui Bridge being the oldest, but may be facing demolition as plans for another
circumferential road traversing the area push through; an ancestral house and the
remaining others, yet there had been no markers in place mostly for the public to
see and know about.

Another point therefore that needed attention is the maintenance and

preservation of these historical sites in Calapan City. While promotional materials
indicate certain heritage edifices, yet these are no longer standing in their idyllic
state as they once were, neither is the surviving ancestral house (the San Agustin
residence in Barangay Ibaba) actually preserved. Citing, on the other hand, the
case of the City Plaza (originally Plaza del Rey Alfonso XIII, then McKinley Park during
American era), of which original design has been altered resulting from later
modifications in certain structures, there is a significant difference in its features
today compared to the traditional one. That said change will be accentuated later
by the completion of a multi-purpose building that practically took a large portion of
the ambiance of the open park that used to be. A cultural mapping therefore is very
essential, taking all these aspects.

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As for the arts, the KALAP Street Dancing Festival is becoming a crowd-drawn
event much-awaited by the Calapenos and also peoples from neighboring towns;
the KALAP Photo Marathon, an activity during the city founding celebration, is
engaging quite a number of photography enthusiasts already especially among the
youngsters; and the GUHIT Pinas-Mindoro (Guild for the Upholding and Harnessing
Indispensable Talents) Calapan City chapter has gained large membership and has
done series of workshops, trainings and exhibits. For art groups are Teatro Panlungsod
and the City Choir composed of scholars from the City College of Calapan and the
other local colleges, and being sustained by the City Government thru certain
appropriations, and the Bandang Kawayan of Oriental Mindoro National High
School. However still, so-called cultivation of the arts is limited to occasional public
performances and seasonal celebrations only; there should be an institution
specializing in this field, with capable personnel, logistics and provisions to be able to
execute effectively what is being required. This is ideally similar with the other areas—
history, culture and heritage. Hence, the importance of a local body/council to
attend to details regarding culture and heritage preservation, and as well as parks
maintenance and beautification. Personages must not only be technically
knowledgeable by profession, but most importantly sincere willing advocates with
the passion in keeping the flames of legacy alive in the hearts of the people. Again,
it would be an issue of prioritization, budget availability and of competent
personages willing to handle the job.

The recent effort of a local historian in reviving our lost glory has produced a
book that revealed Calapan- and Oriental Mindoro’s- past, and the present. In the
same track are the culture and arts workers and patrons from the various sectors
striving to regain the loss thru embodying in festivals and celebrations what was left
with the city’s legacy. With hope that these be preserved and passed onto future
generations, the following strategies therefore must be done and sustained:
a. Cultural Resources Mapping or simply Cultural Mapping - being
fundamental, is the accurate identification, evaluation and listing of
tangible/intangible and natural assets of certain locality. This particularly
must be technically managed and done by highly-trained personnel from
authority agencies, on the presumption that the LGU may not have the
capacity to do it on their own. Nevertheless, they must be guided by the
people familiar and/or knowledgeable about their local cultural
resources.

b. Organization/Re-organization of heritage culture, and arts groups - a

massive campaign of institutionalizing and mobilizing and further
expanding through recruitments of heritage-culture-and-arts lovers and
patrons.

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c. Establishing and institutionalizing a Heritage, Culture and Arts office, with

capable and qualified personnel of defined functions for such purpose.
This shall support and complement HCA groups in related events, activities
and projects.

d. Rehabilitation of the remaining old structures, procurement of valuable

artifacts, and recovery of culture-and-heritage properties, if any, that
should legally be in the custody of Calapeños, through the City
Government.

e. Expansion and maintenance of the City Museum, this being the

storehouse of legacy must be managed by professional and trained
personnel, with dedication in safekeeping cultural treasures and
memorabilia of the city.

f. The allocation of sufficient budget to sustain heritage conservation and

relevant culture enhancement projects.

g. Full use of print and broadcast media, and inviting local television/radio
networks to air more history, culture and the arts - oriented programs and
advertisements.

h. A local legislation mandating that local history, culture and heritage be

part of the school curricula of the younger generation students. This shall
include revival of local music, songs, poetry and literature (stories, folklores,
etc), a focused learning on the patriotic and indigenous symbols, icons
and personalities encouraging more involvement in history, culture and
arts activities and projects.
Like patriotism, and the rest of the core values the City Government of
Calapan has set as fundamentals, sense of history must be instilled in the psyche of
the people, especially the young generation, at their very young age, imploring the
help and support of other formative institutions outside home. It is where the seed of
love and homage to the home city would eventually sprout and be nurtured amidst
the turmoil brought in by the diverse people that tend to alter the native culture.
When the young citizens are being reared with this virtue, generations after will suit to
follow.

9.3 Ancestral Domain

Republic Act 8371 or the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act of 1997 is an act to
recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities and
indigenous peoples. The province of Oriental Mindoro is known for having the
Mangyans as its cultural communities and indigenous peoples. Though these people

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can be seen anywhere in the province, they are infrequently visible in the city. This is
the reason why the concept of ancestral domain as defined in IPRA (“all areas
generally belonging to ICCs/IPs comprising lands, inland waters, coastal areas and
natural resources therein, held under a claim of ownership…….) is not applicable in
the City of Calapan.

These indigenous peoples visit an agricultural area only during planting and
harvest season for palay. They stay at a designated area usually within the rice field
premises where they work. Once the work is completed, they are paid according to
the work they rendered. This has become the system adopted by the Mangyans in
the lowlands like Calapan City. While others still get back to their tribes, some would
opt to work in the lowland and earn money while getting accustomed into a
different rural-urban life. This is how these peoples are mainstreamed into a different
culture. Nonetheless, the City is still supportive of the promotion of the rights of
Indigenous Cultural Communities (ICCs) and Indigenous Peoples (IPs).

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