BRKSPG-2698

Disaggregating Network
Devices and Software :
A reality check !

Steve Iatrou, Senior Solutions Architect

Syed Hassan, Senior Solutions Architect

In cooperation with Mikhail Korshunov,

Technical Marketing, SPBU
Agenda

• Introduction
• Market Driver of HW/SW Disaggregation
• Delayering the integrated router
• Cisco ISO XR on 3rd HW
• Implications and lessons learnt
• Summary

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 3
 Functional
Components
“The separation of networking
equipment into functional
Modularization Smallest form components and allowing each
of HW/SW factor component to be individually
deployed. Ideally, provided in
the smallest form factor
Disaggregation capable of delivering a specific
function. Equipment should be
self-contained, required no
Software additional common equipment
Self Contained
Control
to operate, and incorporate
open APIs to enable Software
Open APIs
control ”
Source : “Charting the Path to Network Automation and Disaggregation: Carrier
SDN Survey Analysis” ; Heavy Reading ; February 2018

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 4
Disaggregation Changes The Value Proposition
Integrated Disaggregated

Routing Protocols &

Applications

Network Infrastructure
Software Software Abstractions
&
Forwarding and HW
Hardware Abstractions

Whitebox HW Whitebox HW HW HW HW

Integrated Separated Layered Modularized

• Rich Feature Set • SW Feature Development Speed

• Wide Range of HW Form Factors • HW Platform Independence
• Pre-integrated / pre-tested Value • Cost efficiency
• Single Touchpoint Support Proposition • New Operating Paradigms

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 5
Market Drivers
The Promise of Disaggregation

SW
HW
Vendor Independence :
$$$$ $ Customers can source from
Rate of Innovation : a diverse supplier market
Decouple SW and HW
roadmaps Cost Efficiency:
Standardization, open source,
commoditization reduces costs

All Required
Features Features

New Operating Paradigm : Design Flexibility : Deploy

Automated, “Machine first”, API (test, certify) only what
driven you need
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 7
The Web Segment is paving the way
Web Players Redefining DC Architecture
SPs are taking notice (Investing in Scales horizontally, open &
NOS vendors) interchangeable, disaggregated

Operating Efficiency Components

Becoming the dominant criteria Low cost hardware, modular
software

Machine First Design Microservices Architecture

Obviate human operation & Applications developed as loosely
management touchpoints coupled services connected via
APIs

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 SP Disaggregation Survey Analysis

Disaggregation Importance to SPs Disaggregation Timeline for Deployment

Critical 20% Already Done 8%

Very Important 49% < 12 Months 13%
Somewhat 24% 1 - 3 Years 42%
Not Important 1% 3 - 5 years 26%
Too early 6% > 5 years 4%
Not started 6%
No disagg 1%

69 % deem disaggregation 63 % will have deployed disaggregated

“critical” or “very important” systems over the next 3 years

Source : “Charting the Path to Network Automation and Disaggregation : Carrier SDN Survey Analysis” ; Heavy Reading ; Februar y 2018
N=137 respondents
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 9
 SP Network Functions & Benefits
Most Important Functions Benefits for Operators

DC Switching & Routing 54% Lower Cost Hardware

CPE 48% Modularity/Scalability

L3 Edge Routers 47% Change Agility

L3 Core Routers 42% Open Architecture

ROADM 39% Rapid Innovation 4%

L2 MetroE 33% Reduce Vendor Lock-In 6%
Metro Optical Transport 32% Improved Density/Power
Long Haul Optical 32% Efficient Rack Utilization
OTN Switching 32%

IP equipment in the top 4 ! Cost optimization dominates

Source : “Charting the Path to Network Automation and Disaggregation : Carrier SDN Survey Analysis” ; Heavy Reading ; Februar y 2018
N=137 respondents
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 10
Customer Profiles

Adopters Explorers/Skeptics Disbelievers

• Unsatisfied with HW vendor

• Believe Capex savings potential
Velocity, Pricing, Flexibility • Happy with Integrated Solutions
in disaggregated solutions for
HW and SW
• Want to avoid Vendor Lock-in • Not a believer in overall cost
savings by adapting a
• Exploring overall operational cost disaggregated solutions
• Long-term vision around
savings with disaggregation
commoditization

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Delayering the
Integrated Router
 De-Layering The Network Stack
A Typical Integrated Router
Management
Application/Protocol Layer
APIs into the Control (e.g. (BGP, IGP, APL API
SR) and Management Plane (e.g CLI,
Netconf, SNMP, Syslog, SSH)
Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols)

Network Infrastructure
(RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and more)

Forwarding
(Fwding Chains, FRR,
NPU Restarts,etc)

OS and platform SW
(Linux, ASIC SDK, fan, sensor modules, etc)

Fans
CPU Optics Switching ASIC
Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 13
 De-Layering The Network Stack
High Level Value Proposition
Management

APL API

Protocol Stacks
• Rich Feature Set (BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols)

Network Infrastructure
• Wide Range of HW (RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and more)
Form Factors Forwarding
(Fwding Chains, FRR,
NPU Restarts,etc)
• Pre-integrated /
pre-tested OS and platform SW
(Linux, ASIC SDK, fan, sensor modules, etc)

• Single Touchpoint
Support
Fans
CPU Optics Switching ASIC
Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 14
 De-Layering The Network Stack
Usual Concerns Related to Integrated Systems
Management

APL API

Protocol Stacks
• Rich Feature Set (BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols) • Slower Feature
Network Infrastructure
Development
• Wide Range of HW (RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and more)
Form Factors Forwarding • HW and SW Vendor
(Fwding Chains, FRR, Lock
NPU Restarts,etc)
• Pre-integrated /
pre-tested OS and platform SW
(Linux, ASIC SDK, fan, sensor modules, etc)
• Mostly Proprietary
Solutions
• Single Touchpoint
Support • Higher Cost
Fans
CPU Optics Switching ASIC
Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 15
 De-Layering The Network Stack
Phase 1 : Exposed Direct Access to the Forwarding Plane
Management
Application/Protocol Layer
APIs into the Control (e.g. BGP, IGP, APL API
SR) and Management Plane (e.g CLI,
Netconf, SNMP, Syslog, SSH) Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols) Service Adaptation Layer (Cisco)
SL API Enables dynamic, programmatic control.
Build & extend the device’s control plane
functionality.
Network Infrastructure
(RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and more)

Forwarding
(Fwding Chains, FRR,
NPU Restarts,etc)

OS and platform SW
(Linux, ASIC SDK, fan, sensor modules, etc)

Fans
CPU Optics Switching ASIC
Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 16
 De-Layering The Network Stack
Phase 1 : Exposed Direct Access to the Control Plane
Management
Application/Protocol Layer
APIs into the Control (e.g. BGP, IGP, APL API
SR) and Management Plane (e.g CLI,
Netconf, SNMP, Syslog, SSH) Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols) Service Adaptation Layer (Cisco)
SL API Enables dynamic, programmatic control.
Build & extend the device’s control plane
functionality.
Network Infrastructure
(RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and more)

Forwarding
(Fwding Chains, FRR,
NPU Restarts,etc)

OS and platform SW
(Linux, ASIC SDK, fan, sensor modules, etc)

Fans
CPU Optics Switching ASIC e.g : Open/R integration with XR
Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 17
 De-Layering The Network Stack
Phase 2 : Complete Separation Between SW and HW
Management
Application/Protocol Layer
APIs into the Control (e.g. BGP, IGP, APL API
SR) and Management Plane (e.g CLI,
Netconf, SNMP, Syslog, SSH) Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols) Service Adaptation Layer (Cisco)
SL API Enables dynamic, programmatic control.
Build & extend the device’s control plane
Network Infrastructure functionality.
Platform Mgmt Optics Forwarding

Environment, Rx / Tx, FIB,QOS, L2 HW Abstraction Layer (HAL)

LEDs,Fans, etc Mgmt Standardised interface between to SDK e.g. :
Platform Abstraction Layer • Switch Abstraction Interface (SAI)
API to underlying platform environmentals Platform AL HAL • OpenNSL (BDCM)
Access to the optics drivers • Open Forwarding Abstraction (Cisco)

Platform Optics ASIC Switching ASIC SDK

Open Network Linux Base OS
No routing/switching capability
Modules Drivers SDK Allows interaction directly with
switching silicon

ONIE Fans Hardware

ONIE

CPU BMC Optics Switching ASIC

Invoked to install NEW NOS package Sensors Barebones switch, minimal SW install
environment (ONIE)

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 18
 De-Layering The Network Stack
The Three Main Components of a Disaggregated System
Management

APL API

Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols)
Network Operating System
SL API
(NOS)
Network Infrastructure
Platform Mgmt Optics Forwarding

Environment, Rx / Tx, FIB,QOS, L2

LEDs,Fans, etc Mgmt

Platform AL HAL

Platform OS Platform Optics ASIC ASIC SDK

Modules Drivers SDK

Fans
ONIE

Whitebox HW CPU BMC Optics Switching ASIC

Sensors

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 19
What Is A White Box?
• Controls Switch ASIC
• Usually Intel SoC
• Older use PowerPC
• Only basic boot strap SW (e.g. ONIE)

Voltage Temp Optics Fan

I/O
• Broadcom, Mellanox, Centec,
i2c i2c Cavium, Barefoot
• Requires vendor specific SDK
i2c PCI
PSU BMC
Micro Switching and driver to drive ASIC
Server ASIC
I/O I/O

USB Serial USB Mgmnt Serial Data Ports

• Optional
• Management & Monitoring
• Usually proprietary SW
• Facebook has OpenBMC
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 20
Typical Whitebox – What do you get?

Switching Hardware NOS Installer

• Generally, HW vendors do not provide any switching/routing stack

• ONIE* is the only SW installed to bootstrap switch
• NOS must be selected and purchased separately
• Whitebox must be certified for the by NOS vendor
• The NOS is usually provided as an ONIE boot image
*Open Network Installation Environment
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 21
Let’s get specific now …
Cisco Software Only Models
“SW Only “XR Only
Full Stack Model” Model”
Cisco SW & HW but not IOS-XR offered as a SW only IOS-XR offered as a SW only
bundled together Running on verified 3rd party HW Running on verified Linux Distro
on top of verified 3rd party HW

Subscription SW XR

App
App
Upgrades (SIA) XR

Perpetual Linux
Software Suite Distribution Linux Distribution

Cisco
Hardware 3rd Part HW 3rd Part HW

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 23
IOS XR on a White Box

Management
CLI, Netconf, SNMP, Syslog, SSH
IOS XR
Sysadmin Control & TPA
Forwarding
Protocol Stacks
(BGP, ISIS, OSPF, LDP, SR, L2 Protocols)

SL API

Network Infrastructure
IOS-XR Host
(RIB, Label Manager, BFD, Interface and OS
more) Platform & Optics
ASIC Abstraction
Forwarding Abstraction
(Fwding Chains, Back-walks, FRR,
NPU Restarts,etc) Platform Vendor drivers Generic Kernel ASIC SDK API
Optics vendor drivers WRL Distro ASIC drivers & SDK
Platform API HAL Libraries (LXC & Docker)
Platform Abstraction
ASIC
Linux Base OS SDK
3rd Party White box
ONIE
Power, Fan, ASIC
Optics
Temp,…

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 24
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

Upgrade
Rescue
Install

Boot
etc

ONIE NOS / XR

GRUB Sysadmin XR TPA

Boot/UEFI IOS XR Host OS

3rd Party White box

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 25
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

Upgrade
Rescue
Install

Boot
etc

ONIE NOS / XR

GRUB Sysadmin XR TPA

Boot/UEFI IOS XR Host OS

3rd Party White box

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 26
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

Upgrade
Rescue
Install

Boot
etc

ONIE NOS / XR

GRUB Sysadmin XR TPA

Boot/UEFI IOS XR Host OS

3rd Party White box

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 27
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

ONIE: OS Install Mode ...

Platform : x86_64-accton_as7816_64x-r0
Info: Mounting kernel filesystems... done.
Info: Mounting ONIE-BOOT on /mnt/onie-boot ...
Info: Making NOS install boot mode sticky.
Installing for i386-pc platform.
Installation finished. No error reported.
Info: Using eth0 MAC address: 3c:2c:99:1d:7e:71
<snip>
ONIE: Using DHCPv4 addr: eth0: 172.18.1.53 / 255.255.255.0
<snip>
Please press Enter to activate this console. Info: eth0: Checking link... up.
Info: Trying DHCPv4 on interface: eth0
ONIE: Using DHCPv4 addr: eth0: 172.18.1.53 / 255.255.255.0

Info: Attempting http://172.18.1.249/XR/LATEST/iosxrwb-full-x.installer ...

ONIE: Executing installer: http://172.18.1.249/XR/LATEST/iosxrwb-full-x.installer
installer: computing checksum of original archive
installer: checksum is OK
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 28
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

Upgrade
Rescue
Install

Boot
etc

ONIE NOS / XR

GRUB Sysadmin XR TPA

Boot/UEFI IOS XR Host OS

3rd Party White box

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 29
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

ROUTER

H
S

d
e

n
a

a
y

s
s
Booting `eXR'
Loading eXR ...

[ 0.503276] Created proc for bigphysarea

[ 1.655990] i8042: No controller found
Switching to new root and running init.
tar: ./tmp: time stamp 2018-06-12 19:02:50 is 1607139.920533994 s in the future
Sourcing /etc/sysconfig/udev
Starting udev: [ OK ]
Starting udev
Populating dev cache
Running postinst /etc/rpm-postinsts/100-dnsmasq...
<snip>
Fri May 25 04:37:18 UTC 2018: Preparing disk for PLATFORM=iosxrwb:
Fri May 25 04:37:18 UTC 2018: Secondary disk is not present

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 30
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

Upgrade
Rescue
Install

Boot
etc

ONIE NOS / XR

GRUB Sysadmin XR TPA

Boot/UEFI IOS XR Host OS

3rd Party White box

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 31
IOS XR on a White Box
IOS XR IOS XR
Boot
Boot Run
ONIE Install XR IOS XR Bake

Upgrade
ONIE

Debug

GNU GRUB version 2.02~beta3

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|*eXR |
| ONIE |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+

Use the ^ and v keys to select which entry is highlighted.

Press enter to boot the selected OS, `e' to edit the commands
before booting or `c' for a command-line.
The highlighted entry will be executed automatically in 2s.
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 32
IOS XR on a White Box
Sysad
XR TPA
min
IOS XR
IOS XR Host OS
Sysadmin Control & TPA
Forwarding
3rd Party White box

IOS-XR Host
OS
Platform & Optics
ASIC Abstraction
Abstraction

Platform Vendor drivers Generic Kernel ASIC SDK API

Optics vendor drivers WRL Distro ASIC drivers & SDK
Libraries (LXC & Docker)

3rd Party White box

Power, Fan, ASIC
Optics
Temp,…

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 33
IOS XR on Whitebox -
Commands
IOS XR on a White Box

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:WB3#show ver
Sun Dec 2 08:07:33.966 UTC
Cisco IOS XR Software, Version 6.5.2.24I
Copyright (c) 2013-2018 by Cisco Systems, Inc.

Build Information:
Built By : ahoang
Built On : Wed Dec 12 21:25:01 PST 2018
Built Host : iox-ucs-021
Workspace : /auto/iox-ucs-021-san1/nightly/r65x_18.12.12C/iosxrwb
Version : 6.5.2.24I
Location : /opt/cisco/XR/packages/

cisco Accton_as7816_64x () processor

System uptime is 4 days 17 minutes

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:WB3#

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 35
IOS XR on a White Box

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:WB3#show platform
Sun Dec 2 08:08:04.702 UTC
Node Type State Config state
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
0/RP0/CPU0 7816-64X-O-AC-F(Active) IOS XR RUN NSHUT
0/FT0 7816-FN-BK OPERATIONAL NSHUT
0/FT1 7816-FN-BK OPERATIONAL NSHUT
0/FT2 7816-FN-BK OPERATIONAL NSHUT
0/FT3 7816-FN-BK OPERATIONAL NSHUT
RP/0/RP0/CPU0:WB3#

RP/0/RP0/CPU0:WB3#show ip int br
Sun Dec 2 08:08:19.538 UTC

Interface IP-Address Status Protocol Vrf-Name

Loopback0 6.1.1.107 Up Up default
FortyGigE0/0/0/0 192.107.200.107 Up Up default
FortyGigE0/0/0/1 unassigned Shutdown Down default

<snip>

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 36
Ecosystem
 Illustrative. Non exhaustive

The Ecosystem …
Network SONiC

Operating
System (NOS) FBOS

cEOS

: SAI
Platform
OS : OFA
Open Network
Debian Linux : OpenNSL ; SDKLT
Linux (ONL)

Whitebox
HW

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 38
SP & NOS/SW Vendor Investments/Partnerships
AT&T purchased Vyatta Open-Sourced to OCP as DANOS 1,2

DT partnering with rtBrick for Access 4.0 3

Telstra Ventures invested US$43M in Cumulus (33% holding) 4

Reliance buys Radisys to compliment RJIO SW disagg efforts 5

1. https://about.att.com/story/att_to_acquire_vyatta_software_technology_from_brocade.htm
2. https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/atts-dnos-morphs-linux-foundations-danos/2018/03/l
3. https://layer123.com/sdn-presentations/2-Wednesday.zip (Presentation RX14833)
4. https://www.itnews.com.au/news/telstra-ventures-backs-cumulus-networks-481705
5. https://www.sdxcentral.com/articles/news/reliance-industries-buys-radisys-for-about-67-million/2018/07/
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 39
Lessons Learnt
Routing System Form Factors And Disaggregation
Towards more modular/multichassis
Increased NOS Integration Time and Complexity

Multi-NPU Single-NPU Modular Chassis Multi-Chassis

Multi-NPU Chassis mounted Modular Systems Systems
system on Fixed Systems Systems
Single NPU Fixed Systems (No Fabric)
a linecard (with Fabric)
Fixed Systems (No Fabric)

Small number of vendors, highly complex

Multi NPU+fabric, significant complexity for disaggregation

Multi NPU, more complex abstraction, connectivity and state management between NPUs

Single SoC, small # of components to manage. Easy to abstract and manage hardware

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 41
Disaggregation Applicability
Subscriber Aggregation Scale, QOS
Cell Site Top
IP Edge (ex L3VPN, MEF) Traffic Engineering Top or
or Rack
Rack (TOR)
(TOR)
IP Edge Spine
HA, Scale, Rich Feature Sets Massive bandwidth Spine - Leaf
- Leaf
Customer Prem
Peering functions

Access Aggregation Core Data Centre

Disaggregated

Integrated

Central Data Centers

Optical+Interconnect Spine Leaf/Tor

Disaggregation
Applicability

Disaggregated (HW or SW) Integrated

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End to end deployment process

V SP V SP V

Product Release Deployment Operation

• Product release • Design

• Training and • Staging and deployment • Optimization
documentation • Solution validation • Solution support (TAC)
• Pre-production testing (RMA, defects, etc)

•
SP Service Provider / Customer
V• Vendor

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 43
 End to end development and deployment process
SW
SW Development
SW or SP SW HW SP SW HW SP SW HW
• Requirements
• Arch, Functional & Design Integration / Deployment Operation
Product Release
Specs Certification Testing
• Code + Unit Testing
• Integration Testing (on HW
where applicable) • Functional
• Product release • Design
• System Testing • Optimization
• Training and • Staging and deployment
• Scale & Performance * • Solution support (TAC)
documentation • Solution validation
HW • Security *
• Pre-production testing (RMA, defects, etc)
HW Development • Customer Specific
Testing

• HW Design and
Development
• BSP, Bootloader, BIOS
development and test
• Documentation

•
SP Service Provider / Customer
HW HW Vendor
•
• SW Vendor
SW
BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 44
 Operating Model Implications
`
SW
SW Development
SW or SP SW HW SP SW HW SP SW HW
• Requirements
• Arch, Functional & Design Integration / Deployment Operation
Product Release
Specs Certification Testing
• Code + Unit Testing
• Integration Testing (on HW
where applicable) • Functional
• Product release • Design
• System Testing • Optimization
• Training and • Staging and deployment
• Scale & Performance * • Solution support (TAC)
documentation • Solution validation
HW • Security *
• Pre-production testing (RMA, defects, etc)
HW Development • Customer Specific
Testing

• HW Design and
Development
• BSP, Bootloader, BIOS
development and test
• Documentation

CI / CD Pipeline
(Integration, Testing, Repositories, Reporting)

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 45
Integration Implications
NOS Protocols

Managment Services Management

Protocol Stacks
Platform Optics
Drivers Drivers
Network Infrastructure
ASIC SDK
Platform Optics ASIC
Modules Driver SDK
Board Support Linux
(BSP) Security Linux
Binaries Kernel

ONIE
White Box Components

ONIE BMC
CPLD BIOS
(Fan/Mboard/etc.)

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Trust & Security: End to End
Protocol Hardware
IPSec
Secure BGP/IGP Trust Anchor Module (TAm)
SSH Secure Unique Device Identity (SUDI)

Runtime
LPTS, Image
DDoS, CoPP
SELinux Secure BIOS 
Integrity Measurement(IMA) Signed Bootloader 
Secure image boot 
Signed Image

Transport
MACSec

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 47
Trust & Security: End to End
Protocol Hardware
IPSec
Secure BGP/IGP Trust Anchor Module (TAm)
SSH Secure Unique Device Identity (SUDI)

Runtime
LPTS, Image
DDoS, CoPP
SELinux Secure BIOS 
Integrity Measurement(IMA) Signed Bootloader 
Secure image boot 
Signed Image

Transport
MACSec

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Secure Boot

HW Trust Bootloader
TAm Secure
Chip-Guard ONIE
Singed XR
BIOS Singed
Secure NOS
UEFI/BIOS
boot

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 49
Secure Boot

HW Trust Bootloader
TAm Secure
Chip-Guard ONIE
Singed XR
BIOS Singed
Secure NOS
UEFI/BIOS
boot

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Support Model Implications

”Classic” “Disaggregated”

SW SW

HW HW

Customer
Customer
Case
Case
Handling
Handling

Support
(e.g TAC) SW Support HW Support

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Serviceability

Management

Protocol Stacks

Network Infrastructure

Platform Optics ASIC

Modules Driver SDK

ONIE Linux

White Box Components

BRKSPG-2698 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. Cisco Public 52
Serviceability

Management Design and Management

Implementation

Protocol Debugging & Design

Protocol Stacks
SW
Vendor
Network Infrastructure
Network Infra Debugging & Issues

SDK & Driver Issues Platform

Modules
Optics
Driver
ASIC
SDK

Linux Updates & Issues Linux HW

Vendor

ONIE
HW Issue Debugging White Box Components
Troubleshooting

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Summary
Cisco View

Cisco Strengths
Disagg => Diff Value Proposition Cisco offers strong value including
Separates value from components component IP, supply chain, and
and modules services capabilities

Not Just Web Players

Accessing New TAM
Business and operational benefits
Supports recurring services and
may be universally appealing
SW revenue – New markets for
across SP and ENT
disagg stacks and SI services

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Summary

Network disaggregation is real and happening

Disaggregation is :
• Separation of HW from SW
• Delayering the SW stack
Increased flexibility and options
• e.g. HW, NOS, ASIC

Increased complexity and cost

• Integration, Support, Serviceability, Security
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Thank you