erythrocytes.

A uniform green coloration of the test is indicative of free Calibration by medication that colors the urine red, or which turns red in an acid medium (e.g.
hemoglobin, myoglobin, or hemolyzed erythrocytes in the urine. Calibration of Chemstrip 2 GP, 2 LN, 9 and 10 with SG urine test strips by the user phenazopyridine).
Chemstrip 2 GP, 2 LN, 9, Reagent composition is not required for visual use. Blood/Hemoglobin Test: False negative readings are obtained when formalin is
used to preserve the urine. Nitrite in excess of 10 mg/dL in the urine (which is rare
See the outside of the test strip box for reagent composition. Quality control
10 with SG Precautions and warnings Quality control for this procedure consists of following good laboratory techniques
in urinary tract infections) delays the reaction. False‑positive results can be
produced by residues of strongly oxidizing cleaning agents in the urine container.
and ensuring that reagents have been properly stored and specimens handled Urine from menstruating females will occasionally yield a positive result. This test
REF 11895397 160 NDC 50924-145-10 100 tests For in vitro diagnostic use. according to instructions. The operator should be aware of the sources of error
Exercise the normal precautions required for handling all laboratory reagents. has not been found to be affected by the ingestion of reasonable quantities of
REF 11895460 160 NDC 50924-109-10 100 tests outlined under Limitations. Each laboratory should establish its own goals for ascorbic acid.
Disposal of all waste material should be in accordance with local guidelines. adequate standards of performance. Commercially prepared control solutions
REF 11895427 160 NDC 50924-743-10 100 tests Warning. Avoid contact with skin and mucous membranes; flush affected areas should be used on a regular basis, as established by the institution’s quality For diagnostic purposes, the results should always be assessed in conjunction
with copious amounts of water. Get immediate medical attention for eyes or if control protocols. If the expected results are not obtained and repetition of the with the patient’s medical history, clinical examination and other findings.
REF 11895362 160 NDC 50924-152-10 100 tests ingested. assay excludes errors in technique, the following steps should be taken: Expected values
Intended use Gloves: The "universal precautions" recommended by the Centers for Disease 1. Check the expiration date stamped on the vial label. Specific Gravity: Random urines vary from 1.001‑1.035. Twenty‑four hour urines
Control and Prevention should be followed whenever blood or body fluids are from normal adults with normal diets and fluid intake will have a specific gravity of
Urine test strips for specific gravity, pH, leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, handled. These precautions include wearing gloves. 2. To verify that the Chemstrip urine test strips have not been exposed to heat
ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, blood, and hemoglobin. Chemstrip 2 GP, 1.016‑1.022.19
extremes or moisture, open a new vial of test strips and retest.
Chemstrip 2 LN, Chemstrip 9 and Chemstrip 10 with SG urine test strips are Storage and stability pH: Urine pH values generally range from 5 to 9 units. The most frequent pH
intended for use visually. 3. For further information, contact Roche Diagnostics Technical Service Center, values for the first morning specimens in healthy subjects are between pH 5
Store test strips at 2‑30 °C (36‑86 °F) . Do not freeze. Chemstrip urine test strips 1‑800‑428‑4674, 7 days a week, 24 hours a day, 365 days a year.
are stable in the original capped vial until the listed expiration date. In order to and 6.
Summary Results
avoid exposure to moisture, the vial must be closed immediately after removal of a Leukocytes: Normal urines should produce no color reaction. A “trace” finding
Chemstrip urine testing system is a multi-parameter test strip to measure certain strip, using the original stopper, which contains a drying agent. Results are obtained by direct visual comparison with the color scale printed on indicates a possible borderline situation, and it is recommended that the test be
constituents in the urine. These measurements are useful in the evaluation of the vial label label by always assigning the value of the nearest color block. No repeated on a fresh urine sample from the same patient. Positive and repeated
renal, urinary, and metabolic disorders. Chemstrip urine test strips are inert plastic Specimen collection and preparation
calculations are necessary. The visual color chart is not intended to represent trace findings indicate the need for further testing of the patient and/ or urine
strips to which are attached different reagent pads for determining specific gravity, Chemstrip urine test strips may be used on any freshly voided urine specimen or quantitative findings and serves only as a screening mechanism. If quantitative sample in accordance with the medically accepted procedures for pyuria.
pH, indication of leukocytes, nitrite, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, on urines collected under special conditions, such as first‑morning specimens and results are desired, it is recommended that further testing of the urine be carried
bilirubin, and blood and hemoglobin in urine. Refer to the outside box and vial post‑prandial urine. The urine must be collected in a clean container and should Nitrite: A concentration as low as 0.05 mg/dL of nitrite will produce a slightly pink
out utilizing a reference procedure. coloration of the test pad. This indicates a positive result.
label for the specific parameters of the product you are using. The test pads are be tested as soon as possible after collection. Do not centrifuge or use
uniquely attached to the strip with a nylon mesh which holds the reagent pad in preservatives. It is of particular importance to use fresh urine to obtain the best Limitations - interference Protein: A color change from yellow to light green/green will occur if protein is
place, protects the pad, and provides for rapid and even wetting of the entire test results with the test for urine bilirubin and urobilinogen as these compounds are The limitations including interfering substances for each reagent are shown below. present in urine. The concentrations given on the vial label correspond with the
pad. To prevent urine runover, certain test pads have an inert absorbent paper very unstable when exposed to room temperature and daylight. If testing cannot albumin concentration in urine. Pathological proteinuria will usually produce
located between the test pads and the strip. Specific Gravity: Results may vary between urine concentration measuring
be performed within two hours after collection, the specimen should be methodologies due to their differing principles and limitations.19 The chemical persistent values above 30 mg/dL. Clinical significance of the trace result should
Chemstrip urine test strips are packaged in a vial with a tightly fitting cap, that immediately refrigerated at 2‑8 °C and returned to room temperature before principle of this test may also cause slightly different results compared with other be determined by additional testing.
contains a drying agent. Each test strip is stable and ready for use when removed testing. Mix urine thoroughly before testing. Urine should be collected in a urine concentration measuring methods when elevated amounts of certain urine Glucose: Due to the test’s sensitivity, glucose should not be detectable in normal
from the vial. No additional instrumentation is required. container which allows complete immersion of the reagent pads on the test strip. If constituents are present. Glucose and urea concentrations greater than 1 % may urine. Therefore, any positive reaction should be followed by further diagnostic
a cleanly voided urine is not collected, a positive test result for leukocytes or blood cause a low specific gravity reading relative to other methods. In the presence of evaluation of the patient, such as a quantitative blood glucose or a glucose
Test principle may be due to a source of leukocytes or blood external to the renal-urinary moderate amounts of protein (100–500 mg/dL) or ketoacidosis, readings tend to tolerance test.
A brief discussion of each test principle follows. system. be elevated. Ketones: Ketone bodies should not be detected in normal urine with this test.
Specific Gravity: In the presence of cations, protons are released by a Materials provided pH Test: No known interferences when handled according to instructions. Fasting or starvation diets may cause positive indications. In known pathological
complexing agent in the test and produce a color change of the indicator 1 vial containing 100 Chemstrip urine test strips. A visual comparison color scale conditions such as diabetes, the presence of ketones may be useful as an index
bromthymol blue from blue to blue‑green to yellow. Leukocyte Test: This test is not affected by erythrocytes in concentrations up to
for reading test results is printed on the vial label. 10,000/μL or by bacteria common in urine. Specimens should not be collected in of metabolic status.
pH: The test pad contains the indicators methyl red and bromthymol blue. These containers that have been cleaned with strong oxidizing agents. Do not use Urobilinogen: Concentrations are usually greater in the afternoon than during the
give clearly distinguishable colors over the pH range of 5‑9. Colors range from Materials required (but not provided)
preservatives. The drugs cephalexin and gentamicin have been found to interfere remainder of the day. Values up to 1 mg/dL are usually considered normal.12
orange through yellow and green to blue.1,2 A timer and a clean specimen collection container. It is also recommended that
commercial control products be used for quality control checks. with this test. In addition nitrofurantoin colors the urine and this effect interferes Bilirubin: In normal urine, bilirubin should not be detectable. However, this test is
Leukocytes: Leukocytes in urine are detected by the action of esterase, present with visual interpretation of the test strip. High levels of albumin (≥ 500 mg/dL) in very sensitive to bilirubin (0.5 mg/dL will produce positive results) and any positive
in granulocytic leukocytes, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of an indoxylcarbonic Assay the urine and urinary glucose excretion in excess of 1 g/dL may interfere with the reaction indicates that further diagnostic evaluation of the patient is needed.
acid ester to indoxyl. The indoxyl formed reacts with a diazonium salt to produce a test results. Studies show that formaldehyde (stabilizer) and medication with
purple color. 1. Briefly (no longer than 1 second) dip test strip into the urine. Ensure that the Blood/Hemoglobin: A trace result is equivalent to 5‑10 Ery/μL. Erythrocyte
chemically impregnated pads on the test strip are totally immersed. imipenem, meropenem and clavulanic acid may cause false‑positive reactions.20
excretion up to 5 Ery/μL may be expected in normal urine.16,17 Levels above this
Nitrite: Nitrite, if present, reacts with an aromatic amine to give a diazonium salt, Nitrite Test: Large amounts of ascorbic acid (see under glucose) decrease the certainly warrant further diagnostic evaluation of the patient.
which couples with sulfanilamide to yield a red-violet azo dye.3,4,5 2. Draw the edge of the strip along the rim of the specimen container to remove sensitivity of the test. False‑positive readings may be produced by medication that
excess urine. colors the urine red or which turns red in an acid medium (e.g. phenazopyridine). Each laboratory should investigate the transferability of the expected values to its
Protein: The detection of protein is based on the so‑called “protein error of pH own patient population and if necessary determine its own reference ranges.
indicators” (Sörensen, 1909). The indicator used in this test is 3. Turn the test strip on its side and press against a piece of absorbent paper to Protein Test: False‑positive results may be found in strongly basic urine (pH 9 or
3',3'',5',5''‑tetrachlorophenol-3,4,5,6-tetrabromosulfophthalein. A positive reaction remove any remaining urine. higher), during therapy with phenazopyridine, when infusions of Performance characteristics
is indicated by a color change from yellow to light green/green.6,7 4. After the appropriate time read the test as follows: polyvinylpyrrolidone (blood substitutes) are administered, and when residues of The performance characteristics of Chemstrip products have been determined
Glucose: Glucose detection is based on the enzymatic glucose Hold strip close to color blocks and match carefully, ensuring that the strip is disinfectants containing quaternary ammonium groups or chlorohexidine are both in the laboratory and in clinical tests. For visually read strips, accuracy is a
oxidase/peroxidase (GOD/POD) method. The reaction utilizes the enzyme properly oriented to the color chart on the vial label. present in the urine container. function of the manner in which the color blocks on the vial label are determined
glucose oxidase to catalyze the formation of gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide Glucose Test: The effect of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) retained in the urine due to and the discrimination of the human eye in reading the tests. Precision is difficult
from the oxidation of glucose. In turn, a second enzyme, peroxidase, catalyzes the ingestion of vitamin tablets, antibiotics or fruit juices has been eliminated at to assess in a test of this type because of the variability of the human eye. It is for
reaction of hydrogen peroxide with the chromogen tetramethylbenzidine to form a glucose concentrations of 100 mg/dL and above so that false‑negative readings this reason that each user is encouraged to develop his own standards for
green dye complex. A positive reaction is indicated by a color change from yellow may only rarely occur, even at high concentration of ascorbic acid. False‑positive performance.
to green.8,9 readings may be produced by strong oxidizing cleaning agents in the urine Specific Gravity: The test permits determination of urine specific gravity between
Ketones: Based on the principle of Legal's test, sodium nitroprusside and glycine container. 1.000 and 1.030 in steps of 0.005. In general, it correlates within 0.005 with values
react with acetoacetate and acetone in an alkaline medium to form a violet dye Ketone Test: Phenylketone or phthalein compounds that may be administered for obtained with refractometric methods. In case of urines with a pH equal to or
complex. A positive result is indicated by a color change from beige to violet.10,11 liver and kidney function tests can produce red-orange to red color shades, which greater than 7.0, 0.005 may be added to the specific gravity readings.
Urobilinogen: Urobilinogen is coupled with 4-methoxybenzene-diazonium- are, however, readily distinguished from the colors obtained with ketone bodies. pH: Values from pH 5 to pH 9 may be read to within 1 unit.
tetrafluoroborate in an acid medium to form a red azo dye.12 2‑Mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (MESNA) or other sulfhydryl-containing Leukocytes: Studies were conducted to compare test pad color development
compounds may cause false‑positive results.21 from urines with values obtained by the microscopic method. Clinical testing
Bilirubin: The detection of bilirubin is based on the coupling reaction of a
diazonium salt (2,6-dichlorobenzene-diazonium-tetrafluoroborate) with bilirubin in Urobilinogen Test: The total absence of urobilinogen cannot be detected. Most yielded the following sensitivity and specificity data:
an acid medium. The application of 2,6-dichlorobenzene-diazonium- normal urines give a slight pink reaction. The test gives the same color reaction n = 203
tetrafluoroborate, however, which is used in the test strip is unique. This yields a with urobilinogen as with stercobilinogen; however, the differentiation is not of
diagnostic importance. Urine from patients who are being treated with Sensitivity = 97.2 %
pink to red‑violet color proportional to the total bilirubin concentration.13
phenazopyridine may show a false‑positive reaction. Nitrite concentrations above Specificity = 90.1 %
Blood/Hemoglobin: The chemical detection of blood is based on the strong 5 mg/dL or formalin concentrations above 200 mg/dL (as a preservative) may
pseudoperoxidase action of erythrocytes and hemoglobin. Hemoglobin and Nitrite: Up to 90 % of all patients with urinary tract infections can be detected by
cause a decrease in the color reaction. analysis of the first‑morning urine specimen.22 A positive result will be detected in
myoglobin, if present, catalyze the oxidation of the indicator by the organic
peroxide contained in the test pad. Intact erythrocytes hemolyze on the test pad, All test pads should be read at 1 minute. If the Leukocytes pad indicates a trace Bilirubin Test: Large amounts of ascorbic acid present in urine following the 50 to 70 % of patients with urinary tract infections by use of a random urine
and the liberated hemoglobin produces a green dot. Since the test pad absorbs result, it should be read again at 2 minutes. Color changes that occur after ingestion of medication containing vitamin C or fruit juices lower the sensitivity of specimen. This is dependent on the number of bacteria, nitrite content and
several μL of urine, more erythrocytes become visible than would correspond to 2 minutes from immersion are not of clinical value. Color changes that occur only the test. In case of doubt, the test should be repeated on urine voided at least retention time of the urine in the bladder. Prolonged urinary retention in the
1 μL.14,15,16,17,18 along the edge of the test pad should be ignored. Careful removal of excess urine 10 hours after the last administration of vitamin C. Elevated concentrations of bladder (4‑8 hours) may be necessary to obtain an accurate result. The frequency
(steps 2 and 3) should eliminate this effect. nitrite, as in urinary tract infections, may result in lower bilirubin values. Large of false‑positive results in normal patients is negligible (less than 1 %).
Separate sets of color blocks are given for erythrocytes and hemoglobin. amounts of urobilinogen in the urine affect the color change of the bilirubin test,
Scattered or compacted green dots on the yellow test pad are indicative of intact but not enough to give a positive result. False‑positive readings may be produced
05870933001
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Protein: In 90 % of urines tested, albumin concentrations of 6 mg/dL or greater 17th ed. Saunders Philadelphia; 1984; 394;1441.
produced a color change. The test pad is more sensitive to albumin than globulin,
Bence‑Jones proteins and mucoproteins. 20 Beer JH, Vogt A, Neftel K, et al. False positive results for leucocytes in urine
dipstick test with common antibiotics. BMJ 1996; 313:25.
Glucose: In 90 % of urines tested, glucose concentrations of 40 mg/dL or greater
produced a positive result. Sugars other than glucose that may be found in urine 21 Csako G. False positive results for ketone with the drug mesna and other
were tested and found not to react with the reagent. Reducing substances will not free-sulfhydryl compounds, Clin Chem. 1987;33/ 2:289.
give positive results. 22 Czerwinski AW, Wilkerson R, Merrill J, et al. Further evaluation of the Griess
Ketones: In 90 % of urines tested, acetoacetate at 9 mg/dL or acetone at test to detect significant bacteriuria. Amer. J. Obstet. Gynec. 1971; 10:677.
70 mg/dL will produce a positive reaction. Beta‑hydroxybutyric acid does not
contribute to the color development. FOR US CUSTOMERS ONLY: LIMITED WARRANTY
Urobilinogen: The sensitivity of the urobilinogen test pad is approximately Roche Diagnostics warrants that this product will meet the specifications stated in
0.4 mg/dL; therefore, most normal urines give a slight pink reaction. the labeling when used in accordance with such labeling and will be free from
Bilirubin: In 90 % of urines tested, bilirubin concentrations as low as 0.5 mg/dL defects in material and workmanship until the expiration date printed on the label.
produced a positive result. THIS LIMITED WARRANTY IS IN LIEU OF ANY OTHER WARRANTY,
Blood/Hemoglobin: Differentiation of hemoglobin from erythrocytes can be EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF
determined by the color comparison chart on the vial label. In 90 % of urines MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. IN NO
tested, concentrations of 5 Ery/μL and hemoglobin content corresponding to EVENT SHALL ROCHE DIAGNOSTICS BE LIABLE FOR INCIDENTAL,
10 Ery/μL produced a positive result.17,18 A field study of 637 freshly voided urine INDIRECT, SPECIAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES.
specimens in routine diagnosis produced no false‑negative results and in only a
CHEMSTRIP and COBAS are trademarks of Roche.
small percentage of cases, recorded a higher erythrocyte concentration than the
All other product names and trademarks are the property of their respective owners.
ten‑field sediment method.16
Significant additions or changes are indicated by a change bar in the margin.
Items available from Roche Diagnostics © 2013, Roche Diagnostics

Chemstrip 10 MD urine test strips, 100 tests REF 03260763160 Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Sandhofer Strasse 116, D-68305 Mannheim
www.roche.com
Chemstrip 10 with SG urine test strips, 100 tests REF 11895362160 Distribution in USA by:
Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN
Chemstrip 9 urine test strips, 100 tests REF 11895427160 US Customer Technical Support 1-800-428-4674

Chemstrip 7 urine test strips, 100 tests REF 11008552160

References
1 Kolthoff I. Acid-Base Indicators. McMillan Co., New York, 1937;171.
2 Free H, Collins G, Free A. Triple-test strip for urinary glucose, protein and pH.
Clin Chem. 1960;6:352.
3 Griess P. Notes on the paper of Weselsky and Benedikt. Some Azo
Compounds. Ber Dtsch Chem Ges. 1879;12:426.
4 Weltmann O. Method for the simple detection of urinary tract infections. Wien
Med Wschr. 1922;72:618.
5 Fuchs T, Gutensohn G . Value and limitation of the nitrite test in diagnosis of
pyelonephritis. Dtsch Med J. 1967;10:343.
6 Sörensen S. The measurement of the hydrogen ion concentration and its
importance for enzymatic processes. Biochem Z. 1909;21:131.
7 Gyure WL. Comparison of several methods for semiquantitative determination
of urinary protein. Clin Chem. 1977;23:876.
8 Keston A. Abstracts of papers presented at the 129th meeting of the
American Chemical Society, p. 31c. Dallas, April, 1956.
9 Comer J. Semiquantitative specific test paper for glucose in urine. Anal Chem.
1956;28:1748.
10 Legal E. A new acetone reaction and its applicability for the examination of
urine. Chem Centr. 1883;14:652.
11 Chertack M, Sherrick J. Evaluation of a nitroprusside dip test for ketone
bodies. JAMA. 1958;167:1621.
12 Kutter D, van Oudheusden A, Eisenberg K, et al. Usefulness of a new test
strip for detecting urobilinogen in urine. Dtsch Med Wschr. 1973;98:112.
13 With T. Bile Pigments, Chemical, Biological and Clinical Aspects. Academic
Press, New York, 1968:492.
14 Cook M, Free H, Free A. The detection of blood in urine. Am J Med Tech.
1956;22:218.
15 Leonards J. Simple test for hematuria compared with established tests.
JAMA. 1962;179:807.
16 Braun J, Straube W. A new rapid test for diagnosing microhematuria,
compared with results of microscopic examination. Dtsch Med Wschr.
1975;100:87.
17 Kutter D, van Oudheusden A, Hivers A, et al. Usefulness of a new test strip
for the detection of erythrocytes and hemoglobin in urine. Dtsch Med Wschr.
1974;99:2332.
18 Brühl P, et al. Clinical experience gained with a test strip used to screen for
erythrocytes and hemoglobinuria. Therapiewoche. 1976;26:5193.
19 Henry JB, et al. Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods.
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