Lyceum of the Philippines University- Cavite Campus

College of Engineering, Computer Studies, and Architecture

Department of Architecture

HOUSING

Assignment 1

SUBMITTED BY:

Cleofas Keith Cyril – ARCH 501

September 9, 2023
 Introduction

Over 7,000 islands make up the archipelago of the Philippines, which is renowned for its
fascinating cultural diversity. This diversity permeates every aspect of daily life, including how its
inhabitants design, build, and live in their homes. It goes beyond its languages, festivals, and
cuisine. The housing culture of the Philippines is a fascinating tapestry made of a wide range of
traditions, beliefs, and rituals that have developed over time under the influence of the nation's
turbulent past, environmental variables, and a rich synthesis of indigenous, Asian, and Western
influences.

The 'Bahay Kubo,' a traditional house made primarily of bamboo and nipa palm leaves, is
one of the most recognizable representations of Filipino housing culture. With an open floor plan
and a steep thatched roof, its distinctive architectural style incorporates both practicality and
cultural value. The Bahay Kubo's open sides allow for natural ventilation, which is necessary for
comfort in the tropical heat and reflects the values of community and family that are ingrained in
Filipino culture. Because it may be seen in both rural and urban areas, this image of hardiness and
simplicity has an enduring significance in Philippine society.

Many Filipinos base the layout and design of their homes on Feng Shui concepts, which
go beyond architectural aesthetics. This traditional Chinese method is concerned with the calming
movement of energy. Filipinos think that by following these principles, they can achieve balance
and success in their households. Feng Shui has an impact on many areas of housing, from the
placement of furniture to the orientation of doorways, demonstrating how tradition and modernity
coexist in Filipino housing culture.

Additionally, Philippine housing customs include the spiritual sphere. The valued custom
of burying the umbilical cord of a newborn close to the family home exists in some regions. This
custom has its origins in the idea that it links a kid to their ancestors and guarantees them protection
for the rest of their lives. We start to unearth the rich legacy that not only influences how Filipinos
build their homes but also how they infuse each dwelling with layers of significance, history, and
cultural identity as we delve deeper into the various layers of Philippine housing customs.
 Methodology

Research Design

To compile a comprehensive understanding of the diverse cultural beliefs, traditions, and

customs related to Philippine housing, a qualitative research approach was employed to gather
data, providing a holistic perspective on the topic.

Data Collection

This research exclusively relies on internet-based sources to gather and analyze data
regarding cultural beliefs, traditions, and customs linked to Philippine housing.

Literature Review

Extensive online research will be conducted by systematically searching through academic

databases, digital libraries, scholarly journals, governmental reports, and reputable websites. These
online sources will form the primary basis for collecting data on Philippine housing culture.

Data Collection and Compilation

All relevant online materials, including text-based content, images, videos, and user-
generated comments or discussions, will be systematically collected and organized for analysis.
 Results

Bahay Kubo
 The "Nipa Hut," also known as Bahay Kubo, is a well-known and iconic representation of
conventional Philippine housing. The tropical temperature, abundant natural beauty, and
communal ideals of the Philippines are all harmoniously reflected in this architectural marvel,
which captures the spirit of Filipino culture.

The Bahay Kubo is distinguished by its cleverly constructed construction. It typically has
a rectangular floor layout elevated on stilts and a steeply pitched roof thatched with cogon grass
or leaves from a nipa palm. The house's open sides provide good ventilation, which is necessary
to maintain a cool, comfortable interior in the hot, humid environment of the Philippines. The
Bahay Kubo's design also makes it resistant to regular tropical downpours since the sloping roof
efficiently scatters water. The use of locally available materials like bamboo for the frame and
walls demonstrates how adaptable and resourceful Filipino architecture is.

The Bahay Kubo has great cultural and symbolic importance in addition to its practical
design. Due to its representation of a lifestyle surrounded by nature, it stands for the Filipino values
of simplicity and humility. Due to its frequent associations with rural living and social gatherings,
it also serves as a reminder of the value of family and community bonds. Along with serving as a
durable housing option, the Bahay Kubo has come to represent Filipino identity, culture, and
tenacity.
Feng Shui Influence on Philippine Housing
 The organization and design of homes in the Philippines have been significantly influenced
by feng shui, an ancient Chinese discipline that focuses on bringing people and their environs into
harmony. This effect extends to many Filipinos who have incorporated Feng Shui principles into
their homes, although it is most noticeable among Filipino-Chinese populations. Feng Shui, which
translates to "wind and water," places a strong emphasis on harmony, energy flow, and a space's
positive chi (life force).

The direction of the main entry is one of the crucial elements of Feng Shui that has affected
housing in the Philippines. Filipinos who practice Feng Shui frequently seek the advice of
specialists to choose the most favorable entry for their homes. This direction is thought to have an
impact on how energy enters the home and, as a result, how well its residents are doing. According
to Feng Shui principles, it is typical to see Filipino homes with doors facing compass directions,
such south or east.

Feng Shui guidelines also dictate where to place furnishings, accents, and other home
furnishings. For instance, mirrors are placed strategically to reflect light and positive energy while
avoiding placing them facing the bed as this is said to draw ghosts. Feng Shui also affects how
specific colors and materials are used, with red denoting luck and riches and the usage of natural
elements like wood and water to encourage balance and energy.

The presence of Feng Shui in Philippine architecture is evidence of the centuries-long

blending of cultures. It demonstrates how traditional Chinese techniques have been incorporated
into Filipino traditions, adding to a holistic approach to housing that puts spiritual and energy well-
being within the home above functionality and aesthetics.
Burying the Umbilical Cord: A Cultural Ritual in the Philippines
 A customary Filipino practice known as "burying the umbilical cord" has deep cultural and
symbolic meaning. It is a custom based on the idea that tying a newborn's umbilical cord to the
ground close to the family home will strengthen the child's ties to their ancestral land and guarantee
their well-being for the rest of their lives. This practice emphasizes how closely related the person,
the family, and the homeland are in Filipino culture.

The rite usually entails carefully preserving the umbilical cord of the newborn kid.
Following that, this preserved rope is ceremoniously interred in the earth, frequently next to a
family tree or in a specific location selected by the parents. Because it represents the child's
spiritual connection to their ancestors, the rite is carried out with great care and regard. Some
families include rituals and prayers as part of the burial process to obtain blessings for the child's
long-term health, happiness, and connection to their ancestry.

A manifestation of the Filipinos' strong sense of kinship with their homeland and ancestors
is the burying of the umbilical cord. It emphasizes the idea that a person's identity is inextricably
linked to their family history and their place of origin. This custom acts as a reminder of the value
of maintaining cultural diversity and legacy in Philippine culture. While many parts of Filipino
life have changed because of industrialization, traditions like burying the umbilical cord have
persisted, demonstrating the country's strong sense of tradition and familial ties.
Ancestral Houses: Preserving History and Heritage
 Known locally as "bahay na bato," ancestral homes are architectural marvels that serve as
concrete reminders of the Philippines' rich historical and cultural legacy. These homes, which
frequently feature opulent and imposing architecture, are unusual for combining native Filipino
design features with American and Spanish architectural styles. Their varied architectural styles
reflect the colonial past of the nation and the vibrant cultural fusion that helped to form Philippine
society.

The thorough preservation and upkeep of ancient homes is one of their most distinguishing
characteristics. These historical gems are kept in immaculate condition by the families that possess
them because they take great pleasure in their ancestry. These homes act as living museums,
providing a window into the customs, preferences, and principles of previous generations. Visitors
can stroll through well-preserved chambers that are furnished with antique furniture, elaborate
decor, and traditional objects that evocatively depict a bygone age.

Ancestral homes are important architectural and historical landmarks, but they are also
potent symbols of the resilience and cultural diversity of the Filipino people. They offer as
evidence of the resilient character of Filipino families and their resolve to uphold their culture in
the face of changing circumstances. A sense of pride and connection to Filipino customs is fostered
among younger generations by the frequent hosting of cultural events, workshops, and educational
activities at ancestral homes. In this sense, these mansions continue to play a crucial part in
determining the cultural narrative of the nation and making sure that the Philippines' rich history
is preserved for present and future generations to value and enjoy.
Bayanihan Spirit: The Essence of Filipino Community Cooperation
 The Bayanihan sense, which embodies the sense of group harmony and collaboration, is a
fundamental value engrained in Filipino culture. The word "Bayanihan" comes from the Filipino
word "bayani," which denotes a hero or a person who acts honorably and selflessly. This cultural
idea expresses the belief that people can accomplish amazing things when they band together and
work together towards a shared goal.

The custom of "Bayanihan," in which an entire community voluntarily aids a family in

moving their home to a new site, is a prime illustration of the Bayanihan Spirit. This custom
emphasizes the solidarity and support that unite Filipino communities and goes beyond just
physical effort. When a family has to move, friends and neighbors voluntarily donate their time,
materials, and labor to lift the entire house—which is normally constructed of bamboo and nipa
palm leaves—and move it to the new location. This deed represents the interconnectedness and
shared accountability across Filipino communities.

Beyond the customs associated with shifting houses, the Bayanihan Spirit penetrates many
facets of Filipino culture. It is clear when there is a crisis, like a natural disaster, that communities
join to help the affected family. Additionally, the Bayanihan Spirit is manifested in daily life when
neighbors provide a helping hand when required, whether it be for a celebration or a domestic task.
Filipinos have a strong sense of belonging and solidarity because to this spirit of oneness, which
also serves as a source of national pride by illuminating the nation's fortitude and compassion in
the face of hardship.
 Festivals and Rituals: Celebrating Philippine Housing Traditions

The Philippines is well known for its lively and varied festivals, many of which have their
roots in long-standing customs and cultural practices related to housing. These festivals give a
vivid and lively glimpse into the rich fabric of Filipino life as well as the importance of homes and
communities.

The "Panagbenga" or Flower Festival is one such celebration that takes place every year in
Baguio City. The significance of agriculture and nature in the Philippines is magnificently
illustrated by this celebration. Intricate floral arrangements cover homes and streets, representing
the neighborhood's ties to the soil and its fertility. In a joyful celebration of flowers, culture, and
tradition, the Panagbenga Festival unites locals, guests, and tourists.
 The "Sinulog Festival" is a great show that honors the Visayan region's rich history and the
coming of Christianity, particularly in the province of Cebu. A vibrant street parade including
people dressed traditionally, carrying images of Santo Nio (the Child Jesus), and dancing to upbeat
tunes is a feature of it. To show off Filipino hospitality and the value of community in
commemorating cultural customs, homes along the parade route open their doors to visitors and
paradegoers.

These celebrations are more than just shows; they serve as a symbol of the Filipino people's
pride in their history, their strong sense of community, and their openness to welcoming visitors
into their homes and hearts to enjoy their customs. Through celebrations and rituals like these,
Philippine housing practices are not only preserved but also shared with a global audience, creating
a deeper understanding of the nation's cultural diversity.
Home Altars: Sacred Spaces in Filipino Homes
 In many Filipino households, home altars—often referred to as "altar de casa" or "altar ng
tahanan" in the language—hold a special place. These modest, consecrated areas in homes are used
for devotion, prayer, and spiritual contemplation. Home altars are embellished with religious items
such as candles, saint portraits, and icons to create a serene and solemn ambiance.

Creating a place for daily devotions and prayers is one of the main purposes of home altars.
For prayer and reflection, many Filipino families start and end their days by congregating around
the altar in the house. It is a custom that emphasizes the value of religion, spirituality, and moral
principles in the family. Candle-lighting, flower-giving, and prayer-saying are community
activities that deepen ties among family members and foster a sense of spirituality.

Household altars also act as a physical representation of religion and a shield for the home.
It is thought that the saintly and religious people depicted on these altars will guide, intercede for,
and bless the family. Filipinos frequently go to their house altars in difficult or joyful times to find
comfort or express appreciation. In essence, these altars serve as a focal point for both individual
and group spirituality, serving as a reminder to families of their values, history, and the significance
of religion in their lives.

Additionally, with most Filipinos identifying as Roman Catholics, house altars are a
representation of the Philippines' rich Catholic tradition. But not only Catholics build up house
altars; people of other Christian denominations and religious traditions also do so, demonstrating
the nation's religious variety and the importance placed on spirituality in the home. Home altars
serve as more than just functional areas; they are essential to the way of life of the Filipino people
and represent spirituality, family, and cultural identity.
 Superstitions in the Philippines: Beliefs Shaping Housing Practices

In the Philippine society, superstitions play a vital role and frequently influence housing
habits and decisions. These deeply embedded ideas are a result of a complex tapestry of traditions
and rituals that combine indigenous, Asian, and Western influences.

In the Philippines, using mirrors in the house is a prevalent superstition. According to

folklore, mirrors shouldn't face the bed directly as doing so may let ghosts into the space or cause
nightmares. To avoid this, many Filipinos either place mirrors so that they don't reflect the bed or
cover them at night with fabric or curtains. This custom illustrates the value of spiritual health as
well as the desire to keep the home serene and harmonious.

The number 13 is the subject of yet another superstition. Similar to Western superstitions,
the number 13 is frequently seen as unlucky in Philippine house culture. This idea has caused many
to refrain from constructing staircases with 13 steps or giving rooms a 13-digit number. Instead,
digits like 12-A or 14 are employed to get around the number 13's purportedly foreboding
associations. This myth demonstrates how Western ideologies have influenced Philippine housing
customs and the need to stave against potential bad luck.

There are many different housing-related superstitions in the Philippines, ranging from the
placement of furniture to the timing of significant household events. These superstitions are not
just about mirrors and numbers. These superstitions highlight the desire to create a happy and
fortunate environment within the home and highlight the significance of spiritual and cultural
beliefs in influencing housing decisions and behaviors.
Handaan (Feasts): Celebrating Filipino Hospitality and Togetherness
 The Filipino word "handaan," which means "feasts" or "celebrations," has a specific
significance in both culture and housing customs. These get-togethers are not just opportunities to
eat excellent cuisine; they are also a vivacious display of Filipino warmth, hospitality, and a strong
feeling of community.

Filipinos are known for their unfailing generosity and willingness to celebrate holidays and
feasts with friends, family, and neighbors. Handaan frequently occurs on important events like
birthdays, weddings, fiestas, holidays, and even casual get-togethers with loved ones. Families
spend hours or even days cooking a variety of meals that highlight the rich and diverse Filipino
cuisine as part of the Handaan preparation process. The communal component is one of Handaan's
distinguishing characteristics. It's not just about the food; it's also about getting to know each other,
exchanging jokes and stories, and making enduring memories. Dining tables are dressed in vibrant
tablecloths, gorgeous centerpieces, and festive dinnerware, transforming homes into hospitable
settings. The atmosphere is friendly and welcoming, and there is a strong sense of community.
This custom emphasizes the value placed on friends and family in Filipino culture, as well as the
idea that sharing a meal can help to fortify ties and promote harmony.

Additionally, Handaan is a chance to highlight local cultural traditions and gastronomic

delicacies. Handaan enables the celebration of this gastronomic diversity. Different regions of the
Philippines have their own distinctive foods and culinary customs. To ensure the preservation of
cultural history through cuisine, it also serves as a platform for passing down traditional recipes
and cooking methods from one generation to the next.

In conclusion, Handaan is a heartfelt display of Filipino hospitality, community, and

cultural pride. It is more than just a meal. It typifies the delight of sharing life's milestones and
ordinary moments with loved ones as well as the principles of community and sharing. The
Handaan custom is still revered in Philippine home culture and helps to cement the links that bind
Filipino families and communities.
 Discussion

The Philippines has a rich tapestry of beliefs, traditions, and rituals that are intricately
entwined with the idea of housing thanks to its diverse and complex cultural terrain. This vibrant
diversity reflects the country's complex cultural fabric, which has evolved over centuries via the
blending of indigenous, Asian, and Western elements to form a distinctively Filipino housing
culture.

The Bahay Kubo, a defining image of Filipino dwelling, sits at the center of this cultural
tapestry. Its architectural design, which is characterized by an open layout, a thatched roof, and the
use of local materials, represents not only a sensible adaptation to the tropical temperature but also
a strong bond with the environment. The Bahay Kubo exhibits the harmonious coexistence of the
Filipino people and their environment by embodying sustainability, resourcefulness, and
adaptation.

The application of Feng Shui principles has had a profound impact on Philippine housing
as well. Feng Shui has gained popularity among Filipinos, especially among Filipino-Chinese
communities, despite having its roots in Chinese culture. To maintain a balanced flow of energy
throughout the house, the direction of doorways and the placement of furniture are carefully taken
into account. This practice emphasizes the idea that how a home is laid out can have an effect on
the health and wealth of its people, emphasizing the significance of harmony and good chi.

The concerted effort to move a house is an example of the Bayanihan spirit, which
embodies the Filipinos' dedication to resilience and communal ideals. Even if the custom may have
changed with the times, the spirit of collaboration and camaraderie still prevails, highlighting how
crucial it is to support one another when they are in need. The Filipino culture is strongly rooted
in a sense of collective duty that transcends housing customs.
 Furthermore, the importance of housing in Filipino culture is highlighted through the
preservation of ancestral homes, participation in festivals, and devotion to superstitions. The
historical and cultural heritage is preserved via ancestral homes, which function as living
museums. Festivals and rituals honor cultural identity and customs, frequently turning houses into
hubs of celebration. The persistent influence of beliefs on housing practices can be seen in
superstitions involving mirrors and numbers, which also emphasize the desire to create a happy
and fortunate environment in the home.

In conclusion, the fascinating Philippine housing culture reflects the complex cultural
fabric of the country. It typifies environmental flexibility, sustainability, and a strong bond with
the natural world. It also emphasizes the value of achieving harmony, balance, and positive energy
in the home through techniques like Feng Shui. Filipino housing culture continues to be a vital and
dynamic aspect of the country's identity, continuously influencing how Filipinos view and interact
with their homes. Ancestral homes serve as living reminders of history, festivals serve as
celebrations of culture, and superstitions serve as reminders of belief systems.

References

Lou Mawis, A. V. (2019, March 9). Filipino building beliefs. INQUIRER.net.

https://business.inquirer.net/266349/filipino-building-beliefs

Beldad, K. (2022, October 5). Superstitious Beliefs that Influence Filipino Homes. Bria
Homes. https://www.bria.com.ph/articles/superstitious-beliefs-that-influence-filipino-homes/

Filipino Customs and Traditions: Home and Family | Everything-Filipino. (2015, May 28).
Everything-Filipino | Filipino Culture, Travel, Dating, Traditions and More. https://everything-
filipino.com/filipino-customs-and-traditions-home-and-family/