Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023

Level: BA/AD

ASSIGNMENT No. 1
(Units 1-4)
The following questions are based on Unit – 1. Read the unit
carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given
below.

Q.1 Read pages 1-14 carefully (the content is related to ‘academic writing’ and
various types of ‘essays’) and briefly answer the following questions (in your own
words). (10X2=20)
a) Write an academic essay (of about 250 words) on ‘Pakistani Culture’.
b) Define ‘Narrative essay’. How it is different than other types of essays?
Write one paragraph on ‘Travel to Hill Station’ using the techniques of
narrative essay.

a) Academic Essay on Pakistani Culture

Pakistan, a land of diverse landscapes, rich history, and vibrant culture, has emerged
as a unique tapestry of traditions, values, and expressions. Its cultural heritage is
deeply rooted in the confluence of various civilizations that have left their indelible
marks on the nation's identity.
One of the defining features of Pakistani culture is its strong emphasis on family and
kinship. The extended family system plays a central role in social life, providing a
network of support, guidance, and belonging. This emphasis on familial bonds is
evident in the deep-rooted traditions of hospitality, respect for elders, and
community engagement.
Pakistan's cultural landscape is further enriched by its diverse ethnic and linguistic
groups. Each group brings its unique traditions, customs, and artistic expressions,

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

contributing to the nation's vibrant cultural mosaic. From the rhythmic beats of
Pashtun folk music to the intricate embroidery of Sindhi handicrafts, Pakistan's
cultural diversity is a source of pride and celebration.
Religion also plays a significant role in shaping Pakistani culture. Islam, the
predominant religion, has infused the nation's values, traditions, and art forms. From
the majestic architecture of mosques to the melodious call to prayer, Islam's
influence is evident throughout the country.
Pakistani culture is not merely a static collection of traditions but a dynamic and
evolving phenomenon. It is constantly adapting to the changing times while retaining
its core values and identity. This adaptability is reflected in the emergence of new
art forms, the fusion of traditional and modern elements, and the embrace of global
influences.
In conclusion, Pakistani culture stands as a testament to the nation's rich history,
diverse heritage, and unwavering spirit. It is a culture that celebrates tradition while
embracing change, a culture that finds unity in diversity, and a culture that continues
to evolve and inspire.
b) Narrative Essay Definition and Example
A narrative essay is a type of essay that tells a story, using vivid descriptions and
engaging language to transport the reader into the events being recounted. It differs
from other types of essays, such as expository or argumentative essays, in its focus
on personal experiences, emotions, and sensory details.
Narrative essays often employ literary devices such as dialogue, imagery, and
figurative language to create a compelling and memorable narrative. They may also
incorporate humor, suspense, or other elements to engage the reader and evoke a
specific emotional response.
Example Narrative Essay: Travel to a Hill Station

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

The winding road snaked its way up the mountainside, each turn revealing a
breathtaking panorama of verdant hills, lush valleys, and the distant haze of the
plains below. As we ascended, the air grew cooler, carrying with it the invigorating
scent of pine trees and the crispness of the mountain breeze.
We arrived at the hill station just as the sun was beginning to set, casting a warm
glow over the quaint cottages and manicured gardens that dotted the landscape. The
air was alive with the sounds of birdsong and the murmur of the nearby stream.
We settled into our cozy cottage, its windows framing the breathtaking view of the
valley. As the sun dipped below the horizon, painting the sky in hues of orange,
purple, and pink, a sense of tranquility washed over us.
The following days were filled with leisurely strolls along the winding paths,
exploring the hidden corners of the hill station. We visited the local market, where
we sampled fresh fruits and traditional handicrafts, and we ventured into the nearby
forest, where we encountered the chirping of birds and the rustling of leaves
underfoot.
As our time at the hill station drew to a close, we felt a tinge of sadness, but also a
sense of gratitude for the memories we had created. The hill station had provided us
with a much-needed escape from the hustle and bustle of city life, a chance to
reconnect with nature and with ourselves.

Q.2 Read pages 31-34 carefully (the content is about formal and informal styles of
writing) and decide what type of writing style (formal/informal) is used in the
following text and how?
(10)
Hey, you can listen to my story of selecting biology as my favorite subject.
Biology has always been a passion of mine. Ever since I was searching for

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

frogspawn in my grandpa's pond as a four-year-old kid and annoying my

mum with a battery of jam jars on the window sill in which I was trying to
raise tadpoles, I have been fascinated with observing nature in detail. Even
in English, reading Death of a Naturalist by Seamus Heaney, I found myself
thinking up an experiment to do with dragonflies and bluebottles. I have a
fish tank at home with three different sorts of fish. I've noticed that they all
respond differently when I feed them/I'm wondering what else is different
in their behavior so, in this extended essay, I'm going to find out how they
react to light.
The following questions are based on Unit – 2. Read the unit
carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given
below.

The text you provided is written in an informal writing style. It is characterized by

the use of personal language, contractions, and a conversational tone. The writer
uses phrases like "Hey," "you can listen to," and "I'm wondering" to create a casual
and friendly atmosphere. The writer also shares personal anecdotes, such as their
experience with tadpoles and their fish tank, to connect with the reader on a personal
level.
Here are some specific examples of informal language and style used in the text:
1. Personal pronouns: The writer uses the first-person pronoun "I" throughout
the text, creating a personal and relatable tone.
2. Contractions: The writer uses contractions such as "I've" and "I'm" to make
the language more informal and conversational.

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

3. Informal expressions: The writer uses informal expressions like "annoying

my mum" and "I found myself thinking up" to add a sense of humor and
lightheartedness to the text.
4. Conversational tone: The overall tone of the text is conversational, as if the
writer is talking directly to the reader.
5. Personal anecdotes: The writer shares personal anecdotes about their
experiences with frogspawn, tadpoles, and fish to illustrate their passion for
biology.
In contrast to a formal writing style, which is typically used for academic or
professional purposes, informal writing is more suited for personal essays, letters,
and everyday communication. It allows the writer to express their thoughts and
feelings in a more natural and engaging way.

Q.3 Carefully read the text titled as ‘Chronology of the Mughal Kings’ on pages 51-
52 carefully.

Now WRITE down a narrative essay about the story of a kingdom of your choice (for
example, the Queen Elizabeth of England, Muhammad Zahir Shah – the last king of
Afghanistan) by using appropriate SEQUENCE MARKERS. You are required to
use at least FIFTEEN sequence markers in your answer (You can take help from
Wikipedia) (10)
The Enduring Legacy of Muhammad Zahir Shah, the Last King of Afghanistan
Amidst the tumultuous history of Afghanistan, a figure of remarkable resilience and
grace emerged – Muhammad Zahir Shah, the last king of Afghanistan. His reign,
spanning four decades, was marked by both challenges and achievements, yet he
remained a constant symbol of hope and unity for his nation.

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

Born into the Durrani dynasty on October 15, 1914, Zahir Shah ascended to the
throne in 1933 at the tender age of 19, following the assassination of his father, King
Nadir Shah. His early years were marked by political turmoil and instability, as he
navigated the complex dynamics of tribal rivalries and external influences.
Despite these challenges, Zahir Shah demonstrated an unwavering commitment to
modernization and progress. Under his leadership, Afghanistan underwent a period
of significant economic and social development. Education, healthcare, and
infrastructure were prioritized, and the country's economy diversified beyond
traditional agriculture.
In 1964, Zahir Shah promulgated a new constitution, establishing a constitutional
monarchy and introducing a degree of democratic representation. This move was
met with cautious optimism, representing a step towards a more open and inclusive
society.
However, the seeds of political instability remained, and in 1973, while Zahir Shah
was receiving medical treatment in Italy, a bloodless coup orchestrated by his cousin,
Mohammad Daud Khan, overthrew the monarchy. Exiled from his homeland, Zahir
Shah spent the next 29 years in Rome, continuing to serve as a unifying figure for
the Afghan people.
In 2002, following the overthrow of the Taliban regime, Zahir Shah returned to
Afghanistan, heralded as the "Father of the Nation." He played a crucial role in the
country's transition to a democratic republic, offering guidance and wisdom to the
newly formed government.
Despite his advanced age, Zahir Shah remained active in public life, advocating for
peace, reconciliation, and the restoration of stability in his beloved country. He
passed away on July 23, 2007, leaving behind a legacy of dignity, resilience, and
unwavering dedication to the well-being of his people.

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

Throughout his life, Muhammad Zahir Shah embodied the spirit of Afghanistan – a
nation rich in history, culture, and resilience. His reign, though marked by
challenges, laid the foundation for modernization and progress, and his unwavering
commitment to his people earned him the enduring respect and admiration of the
Afghan nation.

Q.4 Read the text titled as ‘A Day in the Life of a Nurse’ on pages 56-57 carefully.
Also read Exercise-9 given on page 58.

Now write down a PARAGRAPH of about 150 words on ‘A Day in the Life of a Air
Hostess’. Follow the use of SEQUENCE MARKERS in your answer.(10)
Here is a paragraph of about 150 words on "A Day in the Life of an Air Hostess",
following the use of sequence markers:
A Day in the Life of an Air Hostess
First thing in the morning, I arrive at the airport, ready to start another day of
ensuring passenger comfort and safety. After checking in and receiving my briefing,
I head to the boarding gate, where I greet passengers with a warm smile and assist
them with boarding the aircraft.
Once everyone is settled in, I conduct a pre-flight safety demonstration, ensuring
that all passengers are aware of the emergency procedures. Throughout the flight, I
provide attentive service, catering to passengers' needs, whether it's offering
refreshments, answering questions, or providing assistance with any special
requests.
Landing the aircraft marks the beginning of another busy phase, as I assist
passengers with disembarking and ensuring that all personal belongings are

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

retrieved. Once the aircraft is empty, I work with the ground crew to prepare the
cabin for the next flight.
As the day draws to a close, I reflect on the many interactions I've had with
passengers, each with their unique stories and destinations. It's a rewarding feeling
to have played a small role in making their journeys more enjoyable and safe.

Q.5 Read the text titled as ‘The Evolution of Computers’ given on Pages 64-65
carefully. Now write down a paragraph (of about 200 words) on ‘the History of
Railway Train’ in your OWN word and using appropriate SEQUENCE
MARKERS. (10)
The following questions are based on Unit – 3. Read the unit
carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given
below.
here is a paragraph of about 200 words on "The History of Railway Trains", in my
own words and using appropriate sequence markers:
Emerging from the Industrial Revolution, the history of railway trains is a
remarkable tale of innovation and transformation. Early on, horse-drawn wagons
traversed wooden rails, paving the way for the development of steam locomotives
in the early 1800s. Richard Trevithick's steam locomotive, built in 1804, marked a
pivotal moment, ushering in a new era of rail travel.
In 1825, the Stockton and Darlington Railway became the first public railway to use
steam locomotives, showcasing the potential of this revolutionary technology. The
advent of the steam locomotive revolutionized transportation, enabling faster, more
efficient movement of goods and passengers.
Throughout the 19th century, railway networks expanded rapidly across continents,
connecting cities, towns, and villages. These networks played a crucial role in the

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

industrialization and economic growth of nations, facilitating the movement of raw

materials, manufactured goods, and labor.
As technology advanced, steam locomotives gave way to electric and diesel
locomotives, offering greater efficiency and cleaner emissions. The introduction of
high-speed trains further revolutionized rail travel, enabling faster connections
between major cities.
Today, railway trains remain a vital mode of transportation, providing a cost-
effective and environmentally friendly alternative to air travel. With continuous
advancements in technology, railway systems are poised to play an even more
significant role in the future of transportation.

Q.6 Classification is a writing style (which you studied in Unit 3). Read the text
given on pages 73-88 carefully and WRITE a classification essay on ‘Types of Cars’
starting with an introduction, then going through main body and ending with
proper conclusion. (10)
Navigating the Automotive Landscape: A Classification of Car Types
In the realm of transportation, automobiles have become an indispensable part of
modern life, offering convenience, flexibility, and a sense of personal freedom.
However, the world of cars is not a homogenous entity; it encompasses a diverse
range of vehicle types, each designed to cater to specific needs and preferences. This
essay delves into the classification of cars, exploring the various categories that
define this multifaceted landscape.
Sedan: The Epitome of Everyday Automobiles
Sedans, characterized by their four doors and enclosed trunk, have long been the
epitome of everyday automobiles. Their versatility, coupled with their spacious
interiors, makes them a popular choice for families and individuals seeking a

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

practical and comfortable mode of transportation. From compact sedans like the
Honda Civic and Toyota Corolla to full-size sedans like the Toyota Camry and
Nissan Altima, there is a sedan to suit every need and budget.
SUV: Embracing the Adventure Seeker
Sport Utility Vehicles (SUVs) have emerged as a dominant force in the automotive
market, appealing to those seeking a blend of practicality and adventure. Their larger
size and higher ground clearance provide increased cargo space and enhanced off-
road capabilities, making them ideal for outdoor enthusiasts and families with active
lifestyles. Popular SUV models include the Toyota RAV4, Honda CR-V, and Jeep
Grand Cherokee.
Truck: A Symbol of Utility and Capability
Pickup trucks, with their rugged construction and spacious cargo beds, have become
synonymous with utility and capability. Their primary function is to transport goods,
but they also offer impressive towing capacity and off-road prowess. Popular truck
models include the Ford F-150, Ram 1500, and Chevrolet Silverado.
Minivan: The Family Shuttle
Minivans, known for their spacious interiors and seating capacity, have been the go-
to choice for families with multiple children. Their sliding doors and flexible seating
arrangements provide convenient access and ample room for passengers and cargo.
Popular minivan models include the Chrysler Pacifica, Honda Odyssey, and Toyota
Sienna.
Sports Car: Exuding Performance and Excitement
Sports cars, epitomized by their sleek designs and powerful engines, are designed to
provide an exhilarating driving experience. Their low center of gravity, responsive
handling, and potent engines make them ideal for enthusiasts seeking the thrill of the

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

open road. Popular sports car models include the Mazda MX-5 Miata, Toyota 86,
and Chevrolet Corvette.
Conclusion: Diversity Meets Transportation Needs
The classification of cars into distinct categories reflects the diverse needs and
preferences of consumers. From the practical and versatile sedan to the adventurous
SUV and the high-performance sports car, each type serves a specific purpose,
contributing to the rich tapestry of automotive innovation. As technology advances
and consumer demands evolve, the automotive landscape is sure to continue
expanding, offering an ever-widening array of choices to meet the diverse needs of
individuals and families across the globe.

Q.7 Read EXERCISE 9 given on page 96 (which is about the classification of

teachers into five types). Now WRITE a descriptive paragraph about Principals you
have seen in your life (during your own school/college life) classifying them into
various types and categories. (10)
The following questions are based on Unit – 4. Read the unit
carefully and answer the questions/solve the exercises given
below.

Q.8 Read about ‘Cause and Effect’ (as give on page 107-111) carefully and
WRITE down TWO possible causes for each of the following effects: (20)
a. All the students passed the exam with top grades.
b. There is water shortage in most of the countries.
c. His mother was happy to see him.
d. They are not friends any more.
e. The political leader was imprisoned for many years.

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

f. He welcomed them to his house.

g. Aslam come home quite early today.
h. The mobile phone’s battery was dead.
i. Finally, he got his driving license.
j. The ATM was in order.

Here are descriptive paragraphs about principals and possible causes for each of the
following effects:
Descriptive Paragraph about Principals
Throughout my school and college life, I have encountered a diverse range of
principals, each with their unique leadership styles and approaches to education.
Some principals exuded an aura of authority and commanded respect through their
stern demeanor and unwavering discipline. Others adopted a more approachable and
empathetic approach, fostering a warm and supportive learning environment. There
were also principals who struck a balance between these two extremes, creating a
school atmosphere that was both structured and nurturing.
One principal I vividly recall was a charismatic figure who possessed an infectious
enthusiasm for learning. He would often visit classrooms, engaging with students
and teachers alike, always eager to share his passion for knowledge. His presence
instilled a sense of purpose and motivation within the school community, inspiring
students to strive for excellence.
Another principal, in contrast, was known for his quiet wisdom and unwavering
commitment to providing equal opportunities for all students. He tirelessly
advocated for resources and support programs, ensuring that no student was left
behind. His dedication to equity and inclusion left a lasting impression on me,

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

shaping my own understanding of the importance of creating a truly inclusive

learning environment.
The diverse range of principals I have encountered has undoubtedly shaped my
perception of leadership in education. Each principal, in their own way, has
demonstrated the profound impact that effective leadership can have on the lives of
students and teachers alike.
Possible Causes for Each of the Following Effects
a. All the students passed the exam with top grades.
• Possible Cause 1: The students were highly motivated and studied diligently
for the exam.
• Possible Cause 2: The teacher was an effective instructor who provided clear
and comprehensive explanations of the material.
b. There is water shortage in most of the countries.
• Possible Cause 1: Climate change has led to more frequent and severe
droughts.
• Possible Cause 2: Population growth has increased the demand for water
resources.
c. His mother was happy to see him.
• Possible Cause 1: He had been away from home for a long time and she was
finally able to see him again.
• Possible Cause 2: He had done something that made her proud.
d. They are not friends any more.
• Possible Cause 1: They had a falling out and no longer speak to each other.
• Possible Cause 2: Their interests and personalities have changed over time
and they no longer have much in common.
e. The political leader was imprisoned for many years.

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Course: Compulsory English-II (1424) Semester: Autumn, 2023
Level: BA/AD

• Possible Cause 1: He was convicted of a crime, such as treason or espionage.

• Possible Cause 2: He spoke out against the government and was imprisoned
for political reasons.
f. He welcomed them to his house.
• Possible Cause 1: He is a hospitable person who enjoys having guests.
• Possible Cause 2: He is trying to make a good impression on them.
g. Aslam come home quite early today.
• Possible Cause 1: He finished work early or had the day off.
• Possible Cause 2: There is something going on at home that he needs to take
care of.
h. The mobile phone’s battery was dead.
• Possible Cause 1: The battery was not charged properly.
• Possible Cause 2: The battery is old and needs to be replaced.
i. Finally, he got his driving license.
• Possible Cause 1: He took the driving test multiple times and finally passed.
• Possible Cause 2: He practiced driving extensively and was well-prepared
for the test.
j. The ATM was in order.
• Possible Cause 1: The ATM was recently repaired or maintained.
• Possible Cause 2: The ATM is connected to a reliable power source.

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