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    Cathine

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    vijay kumar honnali
    Cathine, also known as (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive stimulant found naturally in khat plants. It acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, though with approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine. Cathine is regulated internationally and classified as a controlled substance in several countries due to its stimulant effects. Small studies on pregnant women who chewed khat found no increased risks of stillbirths or birth defects from cathine exposure.

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    Cathine

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    18 views4 pages
    Cathine, also known as (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive stimulant found naturally in khat plants. It acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, though with approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine. Cathine is regulated internationally and classified as a controlled substance in several countries due to its stimulant effects. Small studies on pregnant women who chewed khat found no increased risks of stillbirths or birth defects from cathine exposure.

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    Intro to Cathine

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    Cathine, also known as (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive stimulant found naturally in khat plants. It acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, though with approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine. Cathine is regulated internationally and classified as a controlled substance in several countries due to its stimulant effects. Small studies on pregnant women who chewed khat found no increased risks of stillbirths or birth defects from cathine exposure.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    18 views4 pages

    Cathine

    Uploaded by

    vijay kumar honnali
    Cathine, also known as (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive stimulant found naturally in khat plants. It acts as a norepinephrine and dopamine releasing agent, though with approximately 7-10% the potency of amphetamine. Cathine is regulated internationally and classified as a controlled substance in several countries due to its stimulant effects. Small studies on pregnant women who chewed khat found no increased risks of stillbirths or birth defects from cathine exposure.

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    Cathine

    Not to be confused with Caffeine.

    D-NORPSEUDOEPHEDRINE

    Clinical data

    Other names (+)-norpseudoephedrine

    Cathine

    Routes of Oral
    administration

    Drug class Appetite suppressant

    CNS stimulant

    ATC code A08AA07 (WHO)

    Legal status

    Legal status AU: S4 (Prescription only)

    BR: Class A3 (Psychoactive drugs)[1]

    CA: Schedule IV

    DE: Prescription only (Anlage III for higher

    doses)
    UK: Class C

    US: Schedule IV

    UN: Psychotropic Schedule III


    Pharmacokinetic data

    Elimination half-life 1.8–8.6 hours[2]

    Identifiers

    show

    IUPAC name

    CAS Number 492-39-7

    PubChem CID 441457

    DrugBank DB01486

    ChemSpider 390189

    UNII E1L4ZW2F8O

    KEGG D07627

    ChEBI CHEBI:4109

    ChEMBL ChEMBL1412041

    CompTox DTXSID50889347
    Dashboard (EPA)

    ECHA InfoCard 100.007.050

    Chemical and physical data

    Formula C9H13NO

    Molar mass 151.209 g·mol−1

    3D model (JSmol) Interactive image

    Solubility in water 20 mg/mL (20 °C)

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    SMILES

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    InChI

    (what is this?) (verify)

    D-norpseudoephedrine, also known as cathine and (+)-norpseudoephedrine, is


    a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which
    acts as a stimulant. Along with cathinone, it is found naturally in Catha edulis (khat), and
    contributes to its overall effects.[3] It has approximately 7-10% the potency
    of amphetamine.[3]
    Pharmacology[edit]
    Like amphetamines, cathinone and ephedrine, cathine acts as a norepinephrine
    releasing agent (NRA).[3] It also acts as a dopamine releasing agent (DRA).[3][4]

    Chemistry[edit]
    Cathine is one of the four stereoisomers of phenylpropanolamine (PPA).

    Regulation[edit]
    The World Anti-Doping Agency's list of prohibited substances (used for the Olympic
    Games among other athletic events) bans cathine in concentrations of over
    5 micrograms per milliliter in urine. Cathine is a Schedule III drug under the Convention
    on Psychotropic Substances.[5] In the United States, it is classified as a Schedule
    IV controlled substance.[6]

    In Australia, Cathine is officially a schedule 4 drug prescription only, but is not available
    or approved for any medical use.

    Cathine is found in the shrub khat (Catha edulis).


    In Hong Kong, cathine is regulated under Schedule 1 of Hong Kong's Chapter
    134 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance. Unlawful possession is punishable by severe fines
    and imprisonment.

    Pregnancy[edit]
    Ephedra, found in many Ephedraceae species, is a Chinese and Western herb that
    contains, among other amphetamines, D-norpseudoephedrine. In the National Birth
    Defects Prevention Study, which included 18,438 women from 10 states from 1999 to
    2003, 1.3% of women reported using ephedra during pregnancy. During the trial, five
    cases of anencephaly were born to women who used ephedra, however there was
    no statistically significant association to women not using ephedra (odds
    ratio 2.8, confidence interval 1.0–7.3).[7]

    A small study of 642 participants in Yemen found that among pregnant women who
    chewed khat (containing D-norpseudoephedrine) there was no increased risk
    of stillbirth or congenital malformations.[8] Among lactating women who chew khat, D-
    norpseudoephedrine is found in breastmilk.[9]

    See also[edit]
     L-Norpseudoephedrine, the enantiomer
     Methcathinone
     Ephedra sinica ("Ephedra")
     Ephedrine
     Pseudoephedrine
     Methamphetamine

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