Year 8

Energy Test
Answers
1 a □ b□ c□ d□ 6 a □ b□ c□ d□
2 a □ b□ c□ d□ 7 a □ b□ c□ d□
3 a □ b□ c□ d□ 8 a □ b□ c□ d□
4 a □ b□ c□ d□ 9 a □ b□ c□ d□
5 a □ b□ c□ d□ 10 a □ b□ c□ d□
Question 1
Complete the table below to identify the energy transformation caused by each energy converter.
(3 marks)

Input energy form Energy converter Desired energy form

electrical Toaster Heat

chemical Torch light

electrical TV Light & sound

(Only need one)

½ mark each correct

Question 2
a) Complete the energy flow diagram below to identify three energy transformations starting
with a person, winding the toy, to the toy moving. (4 marks)
It is clearly stated in the question to start with the person so must start here. Not looking for heat or
sound at end just to moving car

Chemical Kinetic Elastic Kinetic

Moving winder Inside spring
Inside person Moving car

b) State the Law of Conservation of Energy. (1 mark)

Energy cannot be created or destroyed, it can be transferred or transformed.

Must include underlined words

c) When a toy is wound up and let go, it eventually comes to a stop. Has the Law of
Conservation of Energy been obeyed in this case? Justify your answer. (2 mark)
YES it is obeyed. No mark

The car stops because energy has been transferred or transformed 1 mark

1 mark for showing how it is converted

e.g.
Energy is transformed because friction is transformed into heat, sound.
Energy is transferred from the car to the air and ground

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Question 3
Consider points A, B, C and D on the roller coaster in the diagram below.

a) At which point does the roller coaster have the greatest kinetic energy? Justify your answer.
(2 marks)
Point C 1 mark

At the lowest point all potential is converted to kinetic

Or at lowest point it is travelling the fastest so most kinetic. 1 mark

b) At which point does the roller coaster have the least Gravitational Potential energy? Justify
your answer. (2 marks)
Point C 1 mark

Potential is due to height so lowest height equal lowest potential. 1 mark

Question 4
Over time more and more households are converting from filament electric light bulbs to energy
efficient electric light bulbs.
a) Draw a Sankey diagram to represent the energy changes occurring in each of the following
light bulbs. (4 marks)

Light bulb Sankey Diagram

i) Filament electric bulb

1 mark ouput make total width of input

1 mark light smaller arrow than heat to show
less light than heat, doesn’t have to be perfect

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 proportions

ii) Energy efficient bulb

1 mark ouput make total width of input

1 mark light smaller arrow than heat to show
less light than heat, should be bigger than the
one in part (i)

b) Compare the efficiency of the energy transformation in a filament electric light bulb with that
of an energy efficient electric light bulb. (use calculations as part of you answer)
(3 marks)
360
Filament bulb efficiency = x 100=10 % 1 mark
3600

720
Energy efficient bulb efficiency = x 100=20 % . 1 mark
3600

1 mark for the comparison between the two

Energy efficient bulb is more efficient ½ mark

Energy efficient bulb is double the efficiency 1 mark

c) Describe one safety advantages of using energy efficient electric light bulbs in preference
to filament light bulbs. (In your answer refer to information show in the diagrams)
(2 marks)
It converts less energy to heat 1 mark

Therefore, less chance of burning yourself 1 mark

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Question 5
A student was investigating how effective a microwave oven was at heating food. She set up the
following experiment.

1. She measured 200 mL of tap water into a beaker.

2. She then put it into the microwave for 0.5 minute on high power.
3. She recorded the final temperature of the water.
4. She repeated the process for 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5 minutes on high power.

The results she recorded are below:

Time in microwave Temperature of water (oC)

(min)
Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average

0.5 40 41 42 41

1.0 44 48 46 46

1.5 57 75 55 56

2.0 99 98 100 99

2.5 100 97 100 99

a) State is the dependent variable for this experiment. (1 mark)

Final temperature of the water.

b) State the independent variable for this experiment. (1 mark)

Time in the microwave

c) Write an appropriate hypothesis for this experiment. (1 mark)

The longer the time in the microwave the higher the final temperature of the
water. (must include the two variables)
d) Calculate the averages and put them in the table. (2 marks)
1 mark for removing outlier in 1.5 minute mark
(-½ pre error) 1 mark for rest
e) Comment on the reliability of the data. (1 mark)
1 mark reasonably reliable as most trials are close together

OR 1 mark outlier in 1.5 minute trials so could be more reliable

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 f) Construct a graph from the data provided. (4 marks)

Temperature of water for different times in the microwave or similar must include the two variables
(1 mark)

100

80

Temperature of water (oC)

60

40

20

0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5

Time in microwave (minutes)

1 mark label and units
1 mark plotted point as per averages
1 mark line of best fit
g) Write a conclusion for the experiment. (2 marks)
1 mark for summary of pattern 1 mark comment on hypothesis correct or not

The more time in the microwave the higher the temp until it reaches 100 oC

This supports the hypothesis except for the stopping at 100oC

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Section One: Multiple Choice ANSWER SHEET
1. b
2. b
3. d
4. c
5. c
6. b

Section Two: Short Answer Questions

Question 1 [1, 2 marks]
Anna placed the following four objects on the same table in a room:

metal spoon bowl of hot soup

plastic spoon glass of cold lemonade

a) After 10 hours, how will the temperature of the objects compare with the room’s
temperature?
(1 marks)
For each object, place a tick in the correct box.

Below room At room Above room

temperature temperature temperature

Metal spoon 
Plastic spoon 
Bowl of hot soup 
Glass of cold lemonade 
Ref: https://www.nap.edu.au/_resources/2009_SL_School_release_materials_.pdf

(-0.5 marks per error)

b) Which object would feel the coldest to touch? Explain why. (2
marks)

The metal spoon. (1 mark)

The metal spoon is the best conductor, so will transfer heat away from your hand
faster

than the other objects (1 mark)

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Question 2 [2, 2 marks]
A vacuum flask is designed to reduce the rate of heat transfer.
a) Complete the table below to show which methods of heat transfer are reduced by
each of the features labelled in the diagram on the right.
(2 marks)

Feature Conduction Convection Radiation

vacuum  
silvered surfaces 
plastic cap  

(-0.5 marks per error or ommission)

b) Explain why the vacuum between the glass walls of the
flask reduces heat transfer by conduction and convection.
(2 marks)

A vacuum is empty space – there are no particles atoms, molecules in it. (1 mark)

Therefore, hear transfer methods that require particles (conduction and

convection)

cannot be employed. (1 mark)

A response that refers to the presence of air or any substance in a vacuum will
score zero.
Question 3
The diagram shows a gas flame patio heater.

Explain why the top surface of the reflecting hood

should be a light, shiny surface rather than a dark, matt surface.
(2 marks)

Light shiny surfaces are poor absorbers/good reflectors of radiation (1 mark)

Therefore the majority of the heat will be reflected down (1 mark)

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Question 4 [1, 2, 2, 1, 3 marks]
A student was investigating cooling times for two pots made from different materials. One
pot was stainless steel and the other pot was iron.
The pots were placed on a table in a 25oC room. The pots were roughly the same size and
shape, and contained the same amount of water.
The pots and water were originally at 100oC. The student recorded the temperature of the
water in each pot over time. The graph below shows the results.

a) Determine the amount of time it took the water in the iron pot to cool from 100 oC to
60 oC.
(1 mark)
1 Hour

b) Based on the graph above, which pot, the iron pot or the stainless steel pot, was a
better conductor of thermal energy? Explain your answer.
(2 marks)

The iron pot is a better conductor (1 mark) as it allowed the water to lose heat to
the

room and cool at a faster rate than the steel (1 mark)

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 c) Identify one method of heat transfer that occurred as the water in the pot cooled,
and describe how that transfer of heat occurred using particle theory.
(2 marks)
Conduction (1 mark) – heat was transferred through particle collisions between the water

particles and the particles in the metal pots. The pots then passed the heat energy
to the

air through collisions with the air particles. (1 mark)

OR

Convection – As the air heated above the hot water or near the sides of the metal
pots its

particles spread out and rise, causing cooler and denser air to take its place.

Can accept radiation with clear explanation

d) At what temperature will the pots stop cooling?

(1 mark)
25 oC

e) What essential three factors that affect heat transfer where considered when
designing this investigation?
(3 marks)
1: Size/Shape/Surface area of the pots

2: The mass of water used

3: Temperature difference between the water and the room

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