CHM-113L Lab 2 Understanding Chemicals and Moles

Name: Logan Waltjen Section: 113

Instructions (Please read carefully):

This worksheet serves two functions: it contains updated procedures for the lab and it
summarizes the data and calculations you will document in your lab notebook. When writing
your prelab, use the online lab manual for background, this document for updated procedures and
the Lab-1 slide deck or lab notebook format guide for formatting guidance.
In lab, you will document all data in your lab notebook. After the lab, you will complete the
analysis calculations in your lab notebook. To complete this worksheet, copy the data from your
lab notebook data tables into the summary tables in the worksheet. Provide one example of each
of your calculations in the analysis section of your worksheet, or indicate the lab notebook page
where they are documented.
Using an app such as Adobe Scan, take images of your notebook pages, showing the prelab, data
tables and calculations, and paste the images at the end of this worksheet. Please ensure each
page is signed, readable, and sized to fit cleanly into a MS word page.
Upload this completed worksheet as a Microsoft Word Document to Halo on its due date. This
worksheet is the only item you must submit for Lab-2. You do not need to complete the PostLab
questions in the online lab manual or any summary sheets present on Halo.

Please note that the Lab-2 DropBox opens at 12:00 AM on its due date and will remain open
until seven days past its due date.

Lab-2:
Part A: Empirical Formula (in lab)
Part B: Meaning of One Mole (omitted this semester)
Part C: Moles and Molecules (in lab)
Part D: Isotope Abundance and Atomic Mass Units (in lab)
Part E: Post Lab Quiz (via TestMoz)

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Part A: Empirical Formula
Materials:
Bunsen burner
Striker
Timers
Wire triangle
Support stand
Ring clamp
Wire gauze
Tongs
Crucible
Crucible cover
Mg(s) fine pieces

Chemical Waste:
All chemical waste (solid and liquid) should be disposed of in the appropriately labeled waste
container as directed by your instructor. Let waste cool to room temperature before disposal.

Chemical Safety:
Mg Safety Data Sheet; MgO SDS. (follow links by ctrl-clicking).
These links are added as a courtesy. You do not need to summarize their entire content in your
prelab. A few key points addressing health and fire safety will suffice, for example:
Magnesium: flammable; contact with acid releases flammable gas. Vapor may cause skin, lung
and eye irritation. Supply fresh air and flush eyes or skin with water if exposure occurs. Seek
medical attention if irritation persists.
Magnesium oxide: Not flammable; may cause skin, lung and eye irritation. Supply fresh air
and flush eyes or skin with water on exposure. Seek medical attention if irritation persists.

Procedures:
NOTE: Part A must be performed in a fume hood and not at the benchtop.
Prior to beginning, the lab instructor should set up a support stand, ring clamp, clay triangle
wire gauze, and burner in each hood. All equipment must be returned to the appropriate student
locker prior to the next lab section, unless your instructor indicates otherwise.

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

1) Obtain a crucible, cover, tongs, and wire gauze. Ensure the gauze and tongs are free of loose
particles and debris. Once the crucible and cover are cleaned and dried, handle with tongs only,
not with gloved hands. Instead use tongs to cradle the crucible or grasp the lid and the wire gauze
below for support while transporting.
2) IN THE HOOD, place the crucible in the clay triangle on top of the ring clamp. The ring
clamp should be ~ 1in. above the Bunsen burner.
3) Place the cover on top of the crucible and set both in the middle of the clay triangle. Adjust
the lid so it is slightly ajar.
4) Turn on the gas and use the striker to light the burner. Slowly adjust the flame from low heat
to the highest heat setting and heat the crucible and cover for a total of 3 min.
5) After the 3 min, turn off the gas to the burner and set the lid completely on top of the
crucible to prevent moisture buildup.
6) Allow the crucible and cover to cool (~5-10 min). It is considered cool when it appears safe to
touch and no heat is being emitted from the crucible. DO NOT TOUCH WITH HANDS.
7) Using tongs, obtain and record the combined mass of the crucible and lid to the nearest 0.01g.
8) Obtain ~0.25 g of Mg metal in a weigh boat. It is not necessary to be exact.
9) Place the Mg metal in the crucible, add the cover, and measure the combined mass of the
crucible, cover, and Mg.
10) Return the crucible containing Mg to the clay triangle. Set the cover close by as it will need
replaced quickly if the Mg smokes or catches fire.
11) Turn the gas on and ignite the burner to a low flame. Begin heating the crucible gently for 2
min.
12) After the 2 min, adjust the burner to a higher setting and heat strongly until all the
magnesium has reacted.
*If the magnesium begins to burn, smoke, or catches fire, quickly put out the fire by placing the
cover on top of the crucible using tongs. Leave the cover on for one minute, then remove the
cover again. AVOID LOOKING DIRECTLY AT BURNING MAGNESIUM. AVOID
EYE/FACE CONTACT WITH MAGNESIUM AND FUMES.
13) Allow the crucible to cool.
14) Obtain a final mass of the crucible, solid, and cover.

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Data:
Write the reaction between Mg and oxygen that occurs in the crucible Make sure your equation
is balanced and includes states of matter, i.e. (s), (l), (g):

Mg(s) + …

Create the following data table in your lab notebook. When completing this worksheet, copy the
data from the table in your lab notebook to the table below. Make certain your data includes units
and the correct number of significant figures.

Table-1a: Data for the Reaction of Mg and O2

a Mass of the crucible and cover (g) 31.85 g

b Mass of the crucible, cover, and Mg (g) 32.17 g

c Mass of the crucible, cover, and reacted Mg (g) 32.24 g

Analysis:
Create the following data table in your lab notebook. Using the formulae in [brackets], complete
the following calculations in your lab notebook. Ensure the rules for significant figures are
followed and units are included. When completing this worksheet, copy the data from the table
in your lab notebook to the table below. You may be asked to repeat these calculations in your
Practical Exam so make certain they are well-documented and explained in your lab notebook.

Table-1b: Empirical Formula Calculations for the Reaction of Mg and O2

d Mass of the Mg in the crucible (g) [b – a] 0.32 g

e Moles of Mg (mol) [d / Mg molar mass] 0.013 mol

f Mass of MgO reaction product (g) [c – a] 0.39 g

g Mass of O in MgO (g) [f - d] 0.07 g

h Moles of O in MgO (mol) [g / O molar mass] 0.0004 mol

0.013/0.0004 = 2(32.5:1)=
i Mole ratio of Mg and O [e / h]
65:2
j Empirical formula MgxOy [x = e/h; y=h/h] Mg65O2

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Part B: Moles and Molecules
Materials:
Empty vials
Chemical compounds in sealed vials
Procedure:
1) Obtain the combined mass of the empty vial and cap, recording the value to the nearest 0.01g
in the Data Table below.
2) Without opening any of the vials, obtain the combined mass of the vial, the cap, and the vial
contents, recording the value to the nearest 0.01g in the table below.
Data:
Create the following data table for Part-B in your lab notebook. When completing this
worksheet, copy the data from the table in your lab notebook to the summary table below. Make
certain your data includes units and the correct number of significant figures.

Table-2: Mass Data for Selected Chemical Substances

Item Chemical Name Formula Total Mass (g) Substance Mass (g)
Empty Vial N/A N/A 14.74 g N/A
1 Sodium Chloride NaCl 19.02 g 4.28 g
2 Calcium Chloride CaCl2 18.23 g 3.49 g
3 Sodium Na2CO3 17.74 g 3.00 g
Carbonate
Anhydrous
4 Magnesium MgSO4 22.63 g 7.89 g
Sulfate
The blue table entries are example data. Please replace them with your data.

For each compound, calculate the “Substance Mass” by subtracting the mass of the Empty Vial
from the “Total Mass” measured. For example, if the mass of the Empty Vial is 32.07 g and the
Total Mass after the addition of NaCl to the vial is 36.82 g then the Substance Mass of NaCl is
4.75 g (36.82 g – 32.07 g = 4.75 g).
Make certain to include one example calculation in your lab notebook and ensure your
calculation includes units and the correct number of significant figures.

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Continued on next page

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Analysis
Create the following analysis table for Part-B in your lab notebook. When completing this
worksheet, copy the data from the table in your lab notebook to the summary table below. Make
certain your data includes units and the correct number of significant figures.

Table-3: Molar Calculations for Selected Chemical Substances

Substance Molar mass
Formula moles Formula Units
Mass (g) (g/mol)
NaCl 4.28 58.443 0.0732 4.41 x 1022
CaCl2 3.49 110.984 0.0314 1.89 x 1022
Na2CO3 3.00 105.9885 0.0283 1.70 x 1022
MgSO4 7.89 120.368 0.0655 3.94 x 1022
The blue table entries are example data. Please replace them with your data.

For each compound in Table-3, calculate the Molar Mass of the substance, the moles, and the
number of Formula Units contained in the vial. Provide one example of each calculation in your
lab notebook. Make certain you include units and the correct number of significant figures.
We use “Formula Units” instead of Molecules because the substances we are using are ionic
solids. Use Avogadro’s number, 6.02 x 1023 mol-1, to convert moles to Formula Units.
You may be asked to repeat these calculations in your Practical Exam so make certain they are
well-documented and explained in your lab notebook.

Continued on next page

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

Part C: Isotope Abundance and Atomic Mass Units
Materials:
Sample of the imaginary element monstrium

Procedure:
1) Obtain a sample of monstrium from your instructor and record the sample number.
2) Obtain and record the total mass of the sample.
3) Count the total number of pieces in the sample, and record the number.
4) Sort the pieces into groups of identical pieces.
5) Arbitrarily designate each group as isotope 1, isotope 2, and isotope 3.
6) Count the number of pieces of isotope 1, and record the number.
7) Measure the combined mass of all the pieces of isotope 1, and record the value.
8) Repeat steps 6-7 for isotope 2 and isotope 3.
9) Share these values with the class as directed by your instructor.
10) Return the sample to your instructor.
Data:
Create the following data table for Part-C in your lab notebook. When completing this
worksheet, copy the data from the table in your lab notebook to the summary table below. Make
certain your data includes units and the correct number of significant figures.

Table-4: Mass Data for Monstrium

4
Monstrium Sample Number:
Isotope Number of Pieces Combined Mass (g)
1 4 17.03 g
2 15 35.41 g
3 20 10.55 g
Total 39 62.99 g
The blue table entries are example data. Please replace them with your data.

Continued on next page

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
Analysis:
Create the following table in your lab notebook. Use the steps below to calculate the values in
the table and show an example of each calculation in your lab notebook. Ensure that you include
units and the correct number of significant figures. When completing this worksheet, copy the
data from the table in your lab notebook to the summary table below.
Table-5: Relative Abundances of Monstrium Isotopes
Isotope Mass of Individual Piece (g) % Abundance
1 4.3 10.3 %
2 2.4 38.5%
3 0.5 51.3%
Average atomic mass 1.6 amu
% error 1.3 %
The blue table entries are example data. Please replace them with your data.

1) For each isotope in Table-5, use the Number of Pieces and the Combined Mass values from
Table-4 to calculate the Mass of Individual Piece. Using Isotope-1 as an example:

Combined Mass = Mass of Individual Piece = 2.5 g = 0.5 g/piece

Number of Pieces 5 pieces

2) For each isotope in Table-5, use the Number of Pieces and the Total (Number of Pieces) from
Table-4 to calculate the % Abundance. Using Isotope-1 as an example:

Number of Pieces x 100% = % Abundance = 5 x 100% = 33.3%

Total (Number of Pieces) 15

3) Using Mass of Individual Piece and % Abundance for each isotope in Table-5, calculate the
Average Atomic Mass of the element in the sample. We have simulated data in the table as an
example, but you will use your values for all three isotopes in your calculation.

+(Mass of Individual Piece)( % Abundance /100) (for isotope-1)

+(Mass of Individual Piece)( % Abundance /100) (for isotope-2)
+(Mass of Individual Piece)( % Abundance /100) (for isotope-3)
= Average Atomic Mass

+(0.5 g)( 33.3% /100) (for isotope-1)

+(0.6 g)( 33.3% /100) (for isotope-2)
+(0.4 g)( 33.3% /100) (for isotope-3)
= 0.5

Continued on next page

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
4) Calculate the % error, using an accepted value of 1.58 amu.

(your value – accepted value) x 100% = % error

accepted value

Part-E: Post Lab Quiz

The Post Lab questions are implemented in a TesMoz quiz, to which there is a link below. Use
your student number to access the quiz. Ensure that you enter the correct student number or you
may not receive credit for your result. There is no time limit on the quiz and you may attempt it
three times. The highest score is used for your grade.

Lab-2 PostLab Quiz

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.

© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.
© 2021. Grand Canyon University. All Rights Reserved.