AUDIO VISUAL AIDS

INTRODUCTION:
Instructional aids also known as AV aids or audio-visual aids. Now a day AV aids is just like
advance communication technology through which student can easily grasp their knowledge
need and clear their doubt in right way.

DEFINITION:
 “Audio visual aids are any devices which can be used to make the learning experience
more concrete, more realistic and more dynamic.”-kinder
 “Audio visual aids are those sensory object or images which initiate or stimulate and
reinforce learning.” - burton

CLASSIFICATION OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS:

1. AUDIO AIDS-
Radio, recording, microphones, gramophones, video tapes
2.VISUAL AIDS-

A. Projected aids - slide projector, over head projector, film projector, film strips

B. Non-projected aids-
I. Three dimensional materials: specimens, models, globe, mockups,
objects, puppets.
II. Display board: blackboard, white board, bulletin board, flannel board,
magnetic board, PEG board
III. Graphics aids: cartoon, charts, comics, diagrams, photographs, pictures,
poster, printed materials, illustration book, flash cards

3. AUDIO VISUAL AIDS-

Television, video films, video compact disk, cartoon films, motion pictures, computer.
4. ACTIVITY AIDS-
field trip program instruction learning and teaching machines, preparation of models and
computer assisted instruction, demonstration.
5. TRADITIONAL MEDIA-
Puppets, drama, folk songs and folk dance
CHARACTERSTICS OF AV AIDS
 They should be meaningful and purposeful.
 They should be accurate in every aspect.
 They should be simple.
 They should be cheap.
 They should be large enough to be properly seen by student from whom they are
meant.
 They should be motivating.

NEED/IMPORTANCE/PURPOSE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

 Improve and make teaching effective.
 Enable the audience to look, listen and learn.
 Make learning interesting and profitable.
 Foster/develop the knowledge.
 The student acquires clear, accurate and vivid image during the process of learning.
 Increase and sustain attention and concentration.
 They enable the students to learn fast
 Visualize and make teaching more real.
 Stimulate thinking and motivate action.
 Save time and energy.

EFFECTIVE USE OF AV AIDS

These are 4 steps use in effective use of av aids.
1. Planning
2. Preparation
3. Presentation
4. Evaluation

A. PLANNING:
 know clearly the objective of the presentation.
 Anticipate the problem and avoid them.
 Plan well in advance.
 Anticipate the size of the audience, the aid should be visible and audible.
Plan in advance to keep ready audio-visual aids and present them appropriately at the time
of presentation.

B. PREPARATION:
  Make sure that all equipment is in good working order, before starting the
meeting.
 Select a convenient and comfortable meeting place, seating arrangement
must be suited for specific purpose.
 Rehearsing is required to avoid gap in presentation.

C. PRESENTATION:
 Present aid at the moment and in proper sequence.
 Display only one aid at the time.
 Remove all unrelated material.
 Motivate the audience and stress the key point they should observe during
the presentation.

D. EVALUATION:
 At the end, evaluate by providing the discussion and application to discover
and dispel misunderstanding if any.

PRINCIPLES OF THE EFFECTIVE USE OF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS

GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Principles of selection

 Audio-visual aids should be suitable.

 The teaching objective.
 Level of audience.
 Nature of content that should be instructed

Principles of preparation

 Locally available material

 Creatively prepared

PRINCIPLE OF PHYSICAL CONTROL

Arrangement of Aids safely to facilitate their lending to the teachers for use.

PRINCIPLE OF PROPER PRESENTATION

 Carefully visualize the use of teaching aid before their actual presentation.
 They should fully acquaint themselves with use and manipulation of the Aids to be
shown in the classroom.
  Adequate handling of aid to prevent damaging.

PRINCIPLE OF RESPONSE
 The teacher should guide the students to respond actively to the audio-visual stimuli
so that they derive the maximum benefit in learning .

USES OF AV AIDS
 Best motivator
 Greater retention
 Attractive
 Promotes learning
 Save energy and time
 Realistic
 Vividness
 Meets the individual needs
 Reinforce learning.
 DESCRIPTION OF AV AIDS
AUDIO AIDS
RADIO
Radio is a powerful mass medium used in action for disseminating information, imparting
instruction and giving entertainment.

STRENGTH OF RADIO

 Easy accessibility
 Wide coverage
 Effective thought promotion
 Motivation
 Easy learner reception

LIMITATION OF RADIO

 There is no face-to-face interactions , discussion between the listener and the

speaker.
 Doubts and queries cannot be attended immediately
 Span of interaction is short
TAPE RECORDER:
A tape recorder is used to record sound on magnetic tape which can be reproduce at will
and many time as required.

ADVANTAGES

 It can be used to record educational broadcast and for replay at suitable and
convenient time.
 Used in language laboratories for giving speech training.
 It can be used to record speeches of important visitors.
DISADVANTAGES

 There is no personal contact with the speaker.

 Listening for long time generally distract.
 It encourages passive learning.
 VISUAL AIDS
PROJECTED AIDS
1. OVER HEAD PROJECTOR
It project transparencies with brilliant screen images suitable for use in a lighted
room. the teacher faces the class as he uses OHP & class view projection.
ADVANTAGES:

 It permits the teacher to stand in front of the class which using the projector.
 It offers a very flexible tool for teaching because a wide variety of material can be
used for different purpose.
 it can be used in full lightened room, audience can follow handouts or take notes.
 material projected can be changed easily quickly& shape can be presented &
compared colures may be include & imposture can be controlled.

DISADVANTAGES:

 bulky, difficulty to carry and shift

 use on and off switch to focus attention , totally depend upon electricity.
 accessories like screen , a stand or table to place OHP , an extension board socket ect
are required.

2. TRANSPARENCIES

single image that is seen by means of a light passing through a projectile is usually given to
those materials which are projected in the OHP.

ADVANTAGE:

 It is cheap & affordable.

 It is easy to prepare.
 compared colored can be used.
 3. FILM STRIP:
 It is continue strip of film consisting of individual frame or picture arrange in
sequence
 each strip contain 25 t 75 frame
 It is used to show steps of feeding a patient , teaching a patient to cruch walking

ADVANTAGE:

 It is an economical visual material

 It is easy to make
 convenient to handle and carry
 can be stored easily provide logical sequence to teaching procedure
 4. SLIDE PROJECTOR
 A slide projector is an onto mechanical device for showing photographic slides.
 A slide is a small piece of transparent material on which a single pictorial image or
graph has been photo graphed.
 Legible font size 24 to 32
 Title 36 to 42 (bold)
 Distance between line 1.5-2
 50-70 characters including space and punctuation

ADVANTAGE:

 Arouse interest
 Slide can be arrange and rearrange into different sets for different use
 Help in retention of material taught
 Used for small or large group audience
 5. EPIDIOSCOPE
 Opaque projector is a device which display opaque material by shining a bright lamp
onto the object from above.
 It can project image of 4*4 inches slide.
 It works on the principles of horizontal straight line projection with lamp.
ADVANTAGES

 Stimulate attention
 Arouse interest
 Clarify information
 Help student to retain knowledge for a longer period of time
 Review instructional problem
 NON PROJECTED AIDS
1. DISPLAY BOARD
CHALK BOARD
It is the most cheapest and valuable teaching device.

USE

 The lesson can be summarized in the right manner.

 The teacher can illustrate his lesson on the chalk board.
 Solution to problem can be jotted down.
MERITS OF CHALK BOARD

 It is simple into use with little practice.

 It is economic and reusable.
 It allow for spontaneity in the class room.
DEMARITS OF CHALK BOARD

 It cannot be used with large group.

 Teacher can lose their eye contact when they write on chalk board.
BULLETIN BOARD
It will be use for both information and educational purpose. It employs intrinsic motivation
through the medium of interest, curiosity and desire for knowledge.
Item generally used in bulletin board are—
Photograph, publication, poster, newspapers, pasting up of announcements.

USE

 To communicate the idea or information

 To motivate the learner with inspiring thought
 To intensify impression and vitalize instruction
 To follow up instructions on the things demonstrated and emphasized.
 2.THREE DIMENSIONAL AIDS
1. MODELS:
Models are concrete objects, some conciderably larger then the real object ,some samll
replicas of object which are too large to be seen as a whole .
ADVANTAGE :

 Models help in stimulating a real situation .

 It gives learner visual tactic and oral stimuli which increase the learning experience .
DISADVANTAGE :

 Models are quite costly.

 Need more storage space.
 Useful in teaching small group.
 3 . GRAPHICS AIDS
1.CHART:
Chart are visual display arranged on thick sheet , poster paper ,card board ,visual display
could be a pictorial graphic numerical or written material .
PURPOSE OF CHART :

 For presenting material symbolically.

 For summarising information .For presenting abstract idea in visual foam.
 For stimulate critical thinking.
ADVANTAGE:

 Simple to use .
 Inexpensive ,portable suitable for multi coloured displayed effectively help to focus
your learner’s attention .
 They contain far more complicated and detailed information.
2.FLASH CARD
Flash card are small compact card approximately 10*12inches for a talk such as health
education individual or group 10-12 cards each containing important highlight of topic in the
form of diagram, photograph, illustration cut out from magazines.
PREPARATION:
1. 1.Illustration in the flash card should be simple and prepared according to the level
of understanding of audience.
2. 2.The number of card should not be exceed of 10-12.
3. 3.Arrange the card in proper sequence.
PRESENTATION :
1. 1.A breaf introduction of the topic should be given to the group before displaying
flash card.
2. 2.Display the card in congurent with the content .
3. 3.Hold the card and turn towerd different parts of the group and ensure it is viewed
by all members in the group.
4. Significant point should be pointed out and care should be taken not to cover with
hand .
5. 5.Lool at the card while the concept is explained form the card .
6. 6.The size of audience should not be more then 40.
USE OF FLASH CARD :

 Emphasizes important points .

 Gives visual impact to the concept that help the group to retain for a longer period.
 Keep the presentation more interesting
3.PUMPHLET,BOOKLET,LEAFLET
 Booklets, pamphlets and leaflets are printed materials containing relevant
information in a crisp and concise manner.
 They may be used to supplement any classroom teaching method ,especially
lecture or to disseminates information to the community in a short period.

4.BOOKLET:
 A booklet is a small book with a cover page
 It is particularly useful for topics which have a high degree of public interest like
controlling obesity ,care during pregnancy diabetic care ,etc.

5.LEAFLET:
 A leaflet is a simple sheet carrying helpful information on useful themes.

6.PEMPHLET

 A pamphlet is printed material consisting of only a few peages about a specific topics
A pamphlet should be:
 Colourful
 Attractive
 Illustrated with pictures
 Simple and precise
 Informative
 Self explanatory
 Useful
 3 AUDIO VISUAL AIDS
TELEVISION:
 Television is being a knowledge as a powerful medium of mass education.
 In India, television is being used for imparting information and distance
education through the UGC programs and other educational programs.
 A television can bring the real outside world into the classroom in the real
sense.
2.COMPUTER
 A computer and computer mediated devices are finding more and more classroom
application.
 A classroom use of computer include individualizations of instruction , display of
information, evaluation of students by computer graphics and diagrams.

 A computer primarily consist of three section –

Input, Central processing unit, Output.

 ACTIVITY AIDS
FIELD TRIP
It is a visit especially planned for its possible contribution to the objectives of the curriculum
course, lesson or other unit of instruction.
DEFINATION:
It is defined as an educational procedure by which the students obtain first hand
information by observing places, objects, setting, to further learning.

PURPOSE

 To provide real life situation for the first hand information.

 To serve as a preview of lesson and for gathering instructional material.
 To verify previous information, class discussion and conclusion of individual
experiments.

ADVANTAGES

 It furnishes first hand information to supplements.

 It provide opportunity in learning attitude and positive values Eg.-co-operative,
discipline
 It helps to create situation which in turn help to develop observation.
DISADVANTAGES

 Field trip is time consuming

 Careful planning is required
 Transportation may be a problem
TRADITIONAL MEDIA
1. PUPPETS:
Puppets are artificial figure whose movements are controlled by a person.
They are inmates objects that are manipulated so as to appear to be moving
2. FOLK DANCE
 Dance is symbol of communication which brings out the innermost feelings.
 It depicts the cultural aspects of civilization.
 India is having a treasure of a variety of folk dancers.
 The origin of Indian folk dance forms can be traced to different parts of the
country.
 Each form of dance represents the culture and ethics of a particular region or
a group of people

T
RADIO
TAPE RECORDER
GRAMOPHONE
OVERHEAD PROJECTOR

TRANSPARENCIES
FILM STRIPS
SLIDE PROJECTOR
EPIDIOSCOPE
CHALK BOARD
BULLETIN BOARD
MODELS
CHARTS
 FLASH CARDS
Z`
MAPS
CARTOONS

PAMPLETS

LEAFLET
 BOOKLET

TELEVISION
`

COMPUTERS
PUPPETS
FIELD TRIPS
FOLK DANCE