Glockmaker

BETA RELEASE

The making of DIY Glock 19 from scratch

Glock 19, 9x19mm

A derivative of Glock 19 with minor changes for easier manufacturability without CNC machines

Home Workshop
Research Industries, Inc.
Rogue City, FGC
© 2021-2023
 BETA NOTIFICATION

This manual format is assembled as a beta preview version, and contrary to statements presented in the
header chapter, the file does not contain drawings or files or models of any presented designs.

The final file package will be assembled and released asap.

Date of first beta publication: March 20 th, 2023

An insight
Most homemade pistols have been rather crude designs, straight blowback and usually chambered in .380 or some other low powered cartridge to
deal with the heavy bolt mass issue. Sophisticated modern era delayed blowback guns have existed for over a 100 years with little changes to the
basic design, but they still remain out of reach of hand tooling due to several features that require close fitting parts and geometry – but perhaps
most important of all, dedication and patience.

I was in mindset for a long that any gun that one would be capable of making as DIY would retain these characteristics. Any other than straight
blowback design was just out of the question. Hence, I did not even look at more detailed designs, until I actually started to entertain the possibility
of actually taking the task of making one. I played around with CAD models of Glock slide and a barrel, and the more I dwelled into details, the more
I noticed how little it actually differed to make one compared to a relatively more simple design.

As an unexperienced hobby machinist with substandard equipment – literally the cheapest shit money can buy - I at first considered them to have a
lot of intricate details that would be extremely difficult to replicate and keep all the tolerances in spec with relation to each other. However, the more
I studied the parts the more I saw that every detail could actually be made using manual machining tools. I checked many dimensions of the CAD
models to confirm they were actually in scale and true, including searching for exact dimensions from official sources, from user posted content,
comparing to constants such as cartridge and chamber dimensions, and even took approximate measurements from pictures by calculating the scale
from actual pixels divided to known actual dimension. There were also partial blueprints in PDF form, and when I found out that everything checked
out, I used the CAD models to make a set of drawings – which are included – and went to my workshop.

For the first pair of slide and barrel, I used some methods which I further refined later, as they included a lot of manual work with big margin of
error, such as hand filing the breech slot, and I made a couple of mistakes, but I managed to recover the parts. I used the old school method of hand
fitting the parts along with the actual specific dimensions, but when I later made more copies, the parts were interchangeable, so the final
dimensions were pretty much in spec. And behold, after perhaps about 100 hours of total work, I had a fitting pair of slide and a barrel, and
apparently I got lucky as everything fitted together by the first try.

The firing pin hole is one of the only details I have changed. The original Gen3 firing pin hole is square, as is the striker, but replicating this type of
opening without micro broach or EDM would be very challenging with high risk of failure, so I decided to go one step further, and fabricate the
striker myself, and hence I could use a plain round firing pin hole. For home workshop based manufacturing capabilities I believe this solution is a
much more accessible, and it should not compare too badly, because Gen5 Glocks do tend to have mostly round firing pin holes as well. Another
benefit is that strikers are pretty expensive being so small parts, hence making one saves actual money.

I printed a frame based on PY2A design and reverse-engineered a set of rails based on their models. I had difficulties making those rails at first, as all
bending attempts failed miserably, and I ended just cutting the rails into two halves and hand fitting them. The front rail block was successful,
however it required quite a lot of work to machine it, so I refined the rail design and swapped it into two separate rail inserts that were pinned in
the frame. I also made a locking block, as it's the second most expensive small part after striker, but not as difficult to make as it initially seemed.

After making and fitting all these parts, I got a set of rest of the small parts, and everything worked, the gun cocked and dry fired and ejected. The
first genesis model slide was made from mild steel, but after doing a test part, I made a functional part from prehard 4140. This gun was test fired
first with two low-end chart loads, and after function was confirmed, the gun was proofed with two chart maximum loads, and no signs of issues
were observed.

I was personally extremely surprised that I was able to fabricate an entire Glock 19 that functioned. The confidence I got from that trial was such
that I was highly motivated to push forward new projects and I no longer saw precision machining and complex parts an issue, but a challenge that
could be overcome. Actually, I think currently that it is easier to make a Glock style pistol than a simple straight blowback gun, because the design
itself is sound and proven, and due to it's mechanics, it applies relatively little stress to the frame, unlike fixed barrel guns, so it is likely much better
suited for 3D printed frames. The complexity of a straight blowback slide, being telescoping in nature, can be equal, or worse even more complex to
fabricate than a tilting barrel slide, as the general features such as barrel pocket, recoil spring mount, breech, firing pin and extractor, feed geometry
and others are basically the same.

As people showed great interest, I considered it would be a good idea to write down everything in one manual, hence Glockmaker was born. I have
included in this manual every detail I have had to deal with, and also most other parallel skills, from basic machining and metalworking to the very
core of metallugy and heat treatment of alloys to actually make something useful and durable from steel, so people generally interested in basic and
DIY gunsmithing could benefit from the content as well for that part.

With this manual, the parts that has to be purchased will come down to absolute minimum. There are some parts that I have studied on, but not
made any actual tests, so I include all of these parts with caution to be used as reference information only. Parts that I have not made are are recoil
spring assembly, trigger bar, extractor and trigger itself.

Although I will write down the procedure I used to fabricate the first iteration, I will also include along that the more sophisticated methods, that
include dedicated tooling, which suit for making multiple parts. Examples of these tools are the barrel lug slot profile cutter, which can cut the
locking block odd-profile slot with one pass, and a broach, that is used to form the breech by first pre-drilling and milling out the ejector slot to the
slide blank. These tools should last long when treated properly, so if more copies of consistent quality are intended to be made, a lot of attention
should be given for tool preparation.

The composing of this manual differs slightly from the MPC manual, as I have chosen to take more broad and free approach describing all the details
along the way. I have attempted to visually record everything, but I have had certain restrictions which prevent the free photodocumentation of the
entire process, and also, I already made a series of all of the parts listed before deciding documenting the process, so not all parts may be necessarily
documented to every exact extent.
 The file package contains the full blueprints and CAD models for all major parts but excludes some small parts, as the project files I have are not
dimensionally verified, but with this data, a willing and interested person should be able to replicate the build and obtain a Glock 19 with only few
spares to be bought. The work descriptions have been written with good will, but may not be exact and may contain errors, so while the drawings
presented have used to fabricate the parts described, it is not granted that every person capable of reading this manual is able to replicate the work.

This manual is not "Glock for dummies", but rather a manual how to manufacture a handgun without expensive tooling in a repeatabe manner. The
build will require basic knowledge of metalworking and access to a manual lathe and a mill with basic accessory, and limited education is provided
in this manual. Effective gunsmithing of advanced gun parts is something I deem prohibitively slow and complicated without basic machine tooling,
so zero emphasis has been given to "Glock-like" guns, and manuals for these types of designs can be found online if the build is desired unattainable
at the moment. Also, shortcuts are not being taken and are highly advised against, unless the user excels in gunsmithing and metallurgy, although
unlikely being interested in this manual in the first place.

The spirit of this manual is to learn full extent of gunsmithing and discourage guns that are deemed "DIY" but are nothing but downloadable plastic
skins with need to purchase parts kits of existing commercial guns, or custom built designs. This is an exclusive privilege of The Free People of The
United States, but practically every single person outside of that benefits none of kits and builds, but are in need of complete solutions. These "skull
and cock" - type gun kits are not just useless, but even detrimental to actual development, as they dwell into useless and bogus designs that are not
designed in the first place to be rugged and useful utility guns, but toys intended for range fun or to be displayed as a cosplay or other purposes that
are not small arms related.

Gunsmithing is a challenging and a time-consuming art, ultimately having no difference at all to any other forms of art, such as watchmaking, but
once the capability is developed, the dependence on regulations and restrictions is eliminated. My personal motivation behind gun designing, apart
from enthusiastic interest in gun mechanics, is to collect, research and develop data that may be useful for making independent builds, and pass this
information to the interested audience, and being an avid supporter of the 2 nd Amendment of the Bill of Rights of the Constitution of the United
States, consider it positive if the people are able to learn new details about gunsmithing and get inspired of making their own.

AP358,
Home Workshop Research Industries, Inc.
Rogue City, Fuck Gun Control

My other and previous works:

- MPC, 9x19mm straight blowback PCC (development has ended as the design was considered obsolete when better versions were developed)
- SPC, an advanced version of the MPC, smaller and more sophisticated, under works, first prototype completed and test fired
- MRC, a .300 Blackout rotating bolt automatic rifle, with 5.56mm compatibility, under works, first prototype almost ready

Also, on a concept level, a flapper locking rifle based on .338 Ulfberht, 9x19mm Musrgave semi-automatic pistol, 22 caliber semi-automatic pistol, a
pen gun, and a bullpup version of the MRC rifle have been on the works.

Contents and attachments

- STEP Assembly of a Glock 19 derivative with most parts included

- 3D printable jigs for machining specific angles and shapes
- Special cutting tools drawings and instructions required for certain steps
- SpringFactory V1.1 for manufacturing magazine springs
- Rifling tool plans for button rifling and blueprints and instructions for making a button
- A basic compact wiped suppressor design

Content info

All part dimensions are mentioned in drawings ONLY to avoid cross-reference mistakes. In case any numbers are given in
description, they should always be checked from drawings and any conflicting values must be presumed true in the drawings.

The manual describes the development, assembly, manufacture and fitting of the gun. Also are attached chapters about general
metalworking, heat treatment, materials sourcing and other information that may be deemed useful.

What the manual IS NOT is a how-to-do a Glock for idiots.

The file package with this manual includes the entire Glock 19 assembly in a STEP file. The user can export these files into
necessary formats. A file that contains instructions and details that were used to print the frame(s) seen in this manual are
included for replication purposes.
 Tooling drawings for special cutters needed are included, as well as 3D printable jigs and angle plates required for making the
parts.

Disclaimer

The methods presented here warrant at least basic knowledge about machining and metalworking. The general tooling, such as
drills and mills required are not separately specified, and only the special cutters that has to be done on site are described. There
may be ways to manufacture a part other that are described here which are better. The reader is presumed to be experienced in
safe practices and methods. The gun in this manual is not intended to be manufactured in the same concept as with the FGC-9 is,
but it is targeted to a more experienced audience, with the shining example of Bill Holmes' productions, and with the goal of
replicating a functional pistol that is easy to manufacture with limited resources and with minimal parts that may be limited in
availability due to specific reasons. By far the most complex parts to manufacture are the barrel, and the slide, but it is the
intention if this manual to demonstrate the feasibility of the manufacture of these parts in good quality and appearance if the user
has even basic metalworking knowledge.

All chemical reactions and treatments, including but not limited to surface finishes (bluing, parkerizing) will warrant basic
knowledge of the properties of any chemicals involved, and use of necessary PPE. Strong caustics and acids are effective tools and
safe when handled properly, but will result in permanent blindness upon eye exposure and will also corrode skin and all other
reactive materials. Full coverage safety goggles are mandatory. Breathing in corrosive or toxic vapors (ammonia, cyanide salts)
may cause permanent damage and instant or latent death. Materials compatibility must be checked if not specified. If any
energetic materials are handled, e.g when reloading ammunition, proper safety measures must be carried out.

Warning! Small arms are designed and built to be weapons of war, and must be operated under strict safety protocols.
Jurisdiction may vary, and special procedures on obtaining, manufacturing, possessing and storing the parts described herein
may exist. The reader presumes all responsibility for the use of the information, which is provided for academic and learning
purposes only.

Table of contents Page

1) Tooling
2) Barrel
3) Slide
4) Striker
5) Locking Block
6) Slide Lock
7) Rails
8) Extractor
9) Frame
10) Markings
11) Finishing
12) Suppressor
13) Technicals
 1. Tooling
This chapter lists all the required tooling for making the - 24DEG slope cutter, for forming barrel breech
- Lug hob, for forming barrel locking lug
parts. All tools are listed uniformly, and it is left to the - Serrator hob, for slide side serrations
- Recoil spring mill, for barrel recoil spring face
discretion of the operator to choose which tools to buy - Lock hob, for forming slide lock serrations
- Pin former, for forming firing pin head
and which tools are made in shop. Common mills, drills
and reamers are generally exclusively purchased, but
Reamers
custom tooling must be prepared.
- 4 mm min 80mm LONG
It is noteworthy that many of these tools are not - 5 mm min 80 mm LONG
- 6 mm
essential for minimal function, but they provide fast, - 7.5 mm
- 8.8mm carbide or carbide tipped HSS min 120mm LONG
uniform and clean looking finish for the steps involved - 14.7 mm tapered reamer for barrel angled hole
and are beneficial if multiple parts are made. In most
cases, they can be substituted with ordinary end mills,
drilling, sawing and filing, but the skills of the worker Accessory
will play a major role for the outcome and finish.
- Depth gauges for drills as required, unless DRO or other measuring method is available
- M8 threaded rod, with shaft turned down to 7.5mm for recoil spring lip radius milling, with 4
x M8 nuts
Drills

Note: It is highly recommended to use HSS-Co / M35 cobalt alloy drills for prehard and alloy Custom tooling
steels, because these drills are usually made to higher quality spec (ground instead of formed)
both harder and sharper and retain edge longer and are more resistant to heat. For roughing
- 3.5 mm D-bit drill or a gundrill min 120mm LONG
large, shallow holes ordinary HSS can be used, especially if the finish size is either radial milled,
- Optional: 8.5mm gun drill or d-bit for substituting 8.5mm M35
bored or reamed or is of low importance hole that will be permanently covered.
- 4 mm broach for finishing extractor slot
- Breech broach
- 2 mm, 3 mm, 3.5 mm,
- 5mm round bar, with 2mm hole drilled to 15mm depth, and cut 2mm drill bit inserted in,
- 4 mm, 4.5 mm, 5 mm
using epoxy glue, with 5mm MAX protrusion
- 7 mm, 8 mm, 8.5 mm
- Steel insert for plunger jig
- drills of stepped size if needed up to 14.5mm (can be normal HSS for cost cutting)
- Rifling button with press (or ECM)
- 3.5 mm minimum 150mm LONG
- Chamber reamer, 9x19 mm CIP/SAAMI
- 8.5 mm minimum 120mm LONG (8.5mm gun drill preferred)
- Recoil spring counterbore tool
- Crowning tool, for barrel muzzle
- Radius jig mounting bolt (for rounded slide ONLY)

Mills
3D printed equipment
- 4 mm carbide
- 6 mm carbide - 6 DEG Angle block
- 6 mm carbide R0.5 bull nose (OPTIONAL) - 10 DEG
- 7 mm HSS - 15 DEG
- 9 mm HSS - 20 DEG
- 10 mm HSS - 30 DEG
- 12 mm HSS - Tilt jig 10, for barrel hole tilt angle forming
- Plunger jig 3, for extractor plunger channel drilling
NOTE: It is recommended to have 4mm and 6mm mills in normal type and bull nose with R0.5 - Port jig 45, for ejection port angle milling
radius. These are used to do the finish pass for the last 0.5mm at 0.25 to 0.5 layer depth - Extractor jig 30, for extractor slot angle milling
depending on size of the machinery being used. Sharp inner corners should be avoided at all - Vent jig 30, for drilling striker vent hole at an angle
times whenever possible, especially if the part area is of high stress, or very much so if it is to - Chamfer jig 45, for milling slide corner chamfers (for chamfered slide ONLY)
be heat treated after machining, as these sharp corners will form stress raisers, which can - Bushing for crowning tool
cause the part to crack right away, or during use, possibly catastrophically. - Thread protector to barrel for tumbling
- Barrel plugs for tumbling
- Fly cutter or 30mm face mill with carbide insert for large facing - Radius jig (for rounded slide ONLY)
- Rail jig, for milling rear rail radius
- Chamber hone
Profile cutters - Channel hone

- 45DEG chamfer cutter / center drill

Heavy tooling
- 60DEG chamfer cutter
- Mill with DRO
- R 5 mm radius cutter (For rounded slide ONLY)
- Lathe with 4-jaw independent chuck
- R 0.5 mm radius cutter
- Hydraulic press
- Slot mill, 1.5 x 6 mm
- Riflepress assembly for button rifling
- Slot mill, 2.5 x 10 mm (0r 2 x 10mm)
- Angled vise or a method to hold parts at an angle horizontally within +-1DEG
- Rear sight dovetail cutter
- Square collet block
- 45DEG forming tool for breech broach
- Rotary table (optional against collet block)
- Striker channel profile reamer
- 45DEG cutter for barrel chamfering
 1. Tooling

Notes for cutting costs and simplifying process

- Slide serrations can be cut using ordinary 3mm end mill and their amount can be reduced to
OEM spec.
- Striker channel can be formed through drilling only, but the hole must be bottomed with a
flat drill
- Fly cutter is not essential, but will speed up facing a lot and provide superior finish
- Chamfering can be done using normal chamfering tool and depth of chamfer can be reduced
- Slide breech can be formed by filing only, increasing time and handwork a lot
- Barrel crowning tool can be substituted with chamfering tool
- Barrel lug can be formed through drilling and filing
- Firing pin head can be formed by filing
 2. Barrel
peeled and ground, which is commonly more expensive.
It is important to check the material specification before
purchasing to make sure the heat treatment is correct.
Annealed 4140 may not withstand the pressures, and it
will deform under use very quickly because the surface
pressure of the locking surface exceeds the material yield
strength.

A threaded barrel manufacture is described here. A

threadless barrel shares every exact dimension except
The barrel is made from 4140 or 4340 steel that is the thread, so a procedure excluding that step can be
tempered to around 40HRC. The exact hardness may used as is.
vary between 35 and 45, which is suitable for pistol
barrels as is. A directly suitable alternative, 4340 at If the barrel is rifled with ECM technology, the rifling can
40HRC, which is both harder and tougher but can not be be done at any point desired. When button rifling, the
hot blued. Other types of steel, such as 440 and 17-4 process order is critical. The bore must be drilled first,
stainless series, S7, L6, H13 and similar steels can also and then rifled, because rifling buttons require enough
used, but they are not established in this manual. wall thickness to form the threads properly; too thin
walled tube will have a lot more springback due to
deflection, and a superficial rifling may result; also, too
thin walled tube may simply bend under the press. In
this manual, button rifling is utilized, and if ECM is
desired, manuals and tools are available online.

If desired, a rifled barrel blank for 9x19mm can be used, Drilling and boring
so the boring and rifling steps can be skipped.
The barrel is drilled using commercial HSS-Co twist
drills of standard or extended length. It is typical for the
hole to appear slightly off center from the other end, but
this is of no concern as the barrel is trued to the bore by
turning between centers after boring operations have
been completed. Twist drills are therefore well suited for
pistol barrel production. Proper drilling technique is to
use moderate rpm and pressure, sufficient lubrication
While rifle barrels remain of lower hardness, generally with EP-80W-90 GL-5 oil (from here "ep oil") and step
between 26-32HRC, pistol barrels, bearing lower drilling with minimum of two steps to eliminate burrs by
pressures, are made harder to accommodate the minimizing final pass chip load. A proprietary gun drill
pressure in thinner sections. Indeed, the chamber has can be used if available.
wall thickness of only 2.7mm at it's thinnest section, and
based on the original design, the barrel was still able to A stock of 4140QT (1100MPa, 38HRC) is cut and faced to
withstand 5000bar double load test discharge during length and center drilled. A pilot hole with 4mm extra
OEM Glock trials. long HSS-Co twist drill is drilled through. Hole is started
with lower rpm and slow feed to ensure straight start,
To manufacture a barrel, a suitable material is obtained and rpm is increased after drilling first 10mm. Drill is
in 30mm round stock. The surface finish is irrelevant, so retracted after every few mm of drilling to remove chips,
cheapest "black" condition can be preferred. The and cutting fluid can be applied to the tip using a small
material usually comes hot drawn in quenched and brush. There should be no noticeable heat produced
tempered condition (Q+T), but it is also supplied in during this operation. The hole is enlarged to 8mm, and
 2. Barrel
finished to 8.5mm with sharp drill, sufficient lubrication smeared in the same grease, is placed on the mouth, and
and slow, controlled feed to assure no burrs are formed. the press rod is carefully placed on top, and the button is
pressed until flush with the barrel end. The concentricity
An 8.8mm reamer, preferably carbide, is used to of the press rod is carefully checked, a 3D printed
carefully ream the hole to spec. Lot of EP oil must be centering jig (included with rifling press plans) can be
used, and the hole and the reamer must be frequently used for the purpose. If not centered properly, the press
cleaned of chips. Pressurized air or a bore brush will rod can scratch the barrel surface.
help.
The button is pressed constantly through the barrel,
PICTURE OF DRILLING PROCESS avoiding stoppage, and when resistance drops at once,
the button has been pressed through. If large increase in
When the reaming is complete, the bore is checked and required force occurs at any time, stop immediately and
should appear uniform and smooth. Reaming will investigate the issue. The barrel is wiped clean, piece of
produce smooth, uniform round hole that looks ground, paper towel is pushed through the bore using soft rod,
but does not have mirror finish. Carbide reamers provide and brushed using bore brush and WD oil, and the bore
superior surface finish. is checked visually for satisfaction.

Button rifling Turning between centers

PICTURES OF RIFLING STEPS

The barrel blank is immersed in hot detergent bath

(dishwashing soap will suffice) and scrubbed with bore
brush to remove any dirt, chips and oil. After this, the
barrel is dipped in acetone to degrease it completely.

A bath of copper sulfate (CuSO4) is prepared by adding

Turning between centers trues the barrel outer surface
100g/L (concentration is not critical) of CuSO4 to
to the bore and removes any potential eccentricity
enough warm water to immerse the blank(s) and stirring
occurred during boring process. If visible eccentricity is
until dissolved and clear
noticed, this end should be designated as the barrel
blue solution is formed. The
muzzle end, so the chamber block will have full stock
acetone rinsed, clean and
material available for machining; usually the drill exit
dry barrel is fully immersed
side is slightly off due to drill wander. If the muzzle is to
in the liquid, with occasional
be threaded, the breech stock should be skimmed to the
stirring for 5 minutes. After
absolute minimum to preserve as much material as
this, the blank is carefully
possible while still ensuring the barrel mounting to the
rinsed with water to remove
chuck during threading is concentric. For non-threaded
any CuSO4 residues. Some
barrel, the stock can be left black.
copper may flake off the
surface. Let drip dry, no further drying is necessary. The
Both ends of the rifled bore are chamfered to create
purpose of this procedure is to precipitate metallic
mating surface for lathe center. The muzzle chamfer will
copper on the surface of the bore, which will act as a
carry over and will be trued in the final phases. Only
solid lubricant upon the pressure exerted by the rifling
minimal chamfering is necessary, as the tool pressure
button.
will be minimal for this small work.

Into the bore, a few CC of copper or molybdenum

The barrel shaft is turned to spec, and muzzle thread
disulfide grease is applied, and the blank is inserted in
profile is turned. The shaft is turned with allowance of
the blank holder of the rifling press. A rifling button,
 2. Barrel
0.1mm, and ground and polished to final size using file collet until de-mounting is stated specifically. The
and set of sandpaper and scotchbrite. The desired barrel blank is indexed using the collet block, and
surface finish is ultimately left for the user to decide as removing it will skew this alignment.
long as the shaft is in spec.

Muzzle threading

Using DRO, all the reference dimensions are measured

from the barrel shaft, so enough clearance for probe
must be left. Reference for center is made with halving
command, and height to bore centerline is done by
dialing the cutter with thinnest available feeler gauge to
the shaft, and deducing ½ of the barrel shaft diameter
from Z-axis and zeroing.
After the barrel shaft and thread profile blank is finished,
the barrel is detached, and mounted in a chuck and
Unless a high grade collet block and vise is used, the
dialed in to true the shaft. In case the lathe is capable of
blank must be dialed in every time it is re-mounted.
cutting threads as is, it is preferred means, but in case a
Cheap collet blocks can have error of 0.25mm or even
thread die is desired, a trued round stock is clamped to
more.
the tailstock, and the thread cutting die is pressed
against the barrel using this stock and threads cut using
A rotary table, unless tilting, can be used instead.
EP lubrication with good thread cutting practices, until
However, the angled surfaces have to be milled
full form thread has been cut. If burrs can be felt, the
separately using vise clamping indexing to the chamber
thread can be deburred using sandpaper.
block.

Milling the chamber block

The chamber block is milled by using desired cutter, that

can be an end mill, face mill or a fly cutter. All surface
dimensions are referenced to the bore centerline.
Allowance of 0.05-0.1mm to sides and top should be left
for surface sanding. With mill, preferably using larger,
minimum 10mm carbide end mill, the top and sides can
After threading, barrel is clamped to square collet block be milled in a single mounting, but with small machines
from the shaft. The barrel remains clamped in the rigidity may be an issue.
 2. Barrel
spec using 2mm slot cutter and an angle block.
At the bottom, only all vertical surfaces are milled.
After this, the barrel can be removed from the collet
Custom cutters are used for milling the sides at 45DEG block.
angles. These angles line up with the locking block.
Lugging
The collet block is mounted vertically, and the breech
area is milled to spec.

Feed ramp

The barrel is mounted directly to a vise using 45DEG

angle block. Using barrel lug hob, the barrel is indexed,
and the locking lug slot is cut by plunge milling using
low rpm and lubrication.

Recoil spring slot

After the general shape has been formed, the feed ramp
is milled using 45DEG angle block. Further, the feed
ramp rounding is done by plunging with endmill using
37DEG angle block.

Feed ramp must not be milled any deeper than spec, as it

will create an unsupported chamber, that may cause a
blowout.

Breech relief milling

The barrel is mounted vertically, chamber block down,
and using recoil spring slotting tool, the slot rounding is
Pic of relief milling
milled carefully due to large overhang.

The barrel is mounted vertically on an angled vise, and

Chambering
using breech slope cutter, the breech relief slope is cut.
The tool is plunged level to the face of the chamber block,
and the slope is milled. Care must be taken not to
damage the feed ramp.

Bottom angles

The bottom angle and slot, that locks the upper assembly
to the frame by mating with the slide lock, is milled to
 2. Barrel
used properly it can ream at least a hundred barrels with
ease.

Final step is chambering the barrel. A suitable

chambering tool can be made from D-bit reamer by
turning a drill rod into the desired caliber's standard
chamber dimensions and by carefully removing 50%
minus a thou of the material of the diameter of the
cutter. This tool is then drilled into the barrel with
generous lubrication, and frequently removing chips to
prevent them scraping the surface of the chamber. The Barrel after chamber reaming, before polishing. Burrs
feed rate is kept very slow, so that the chips will come are clearly visible, and the chamber is rough. It will work
out more as a metal sludge than actual chips. Over the in this condition, and would actually be beneficial as bolt
process, a cartridge or a go/nogo-gauge is tested. thrust is significantly reduced due to greatly increased
friction, however this may cause feed or extraction issues
and makes the chamber more prone to fouling and
jamming in case there is any foreign matter or the ammo
is not properly resized.

If no gauges are used, a new or sized brass can be used

instead to match the headspace. It is important to use
resized brass or unfired brass, because fired brass will
always carry over the chamber spec of the gun that it
was fired with, and it will likely not fit at all into an in-
spec, tight fitting chamber. This impression can result in
Commercial chamber reamers do exactly the same job, oversizing a barrel, resulting in various issues, such as
but faster and usually more precisely. In this context, light strikes and jams because the cartridge can slip too
superior accuracy is not necessary, so the exact aligment
of the chamber is not critical and no floating mount is
necessary, as long as the cartridge sits deep enough, and
it can have a snug fit, as the chamber is ground after
reaming. Commercial reamers usually produce better
surface finish. However, most chambers are ground to
final finish, so less than ideal surface finish to start is not
an issue. Reamers are supplied in two forms, roughing
and finishing reamers. Roughing reamers are usually
involved with bottle-necked calibers that require a lot of
material to be removed and used for mass production far into the chamber and can not be removed by the
and fast pre-forming in order to save the finisher which extractor at all. If managed to set off, the back of the case
produces the final precision chamber, but for non- will immediately impact against the breech, and this may
industrial use, a finishing reamer is well enough, and completely shear off the head of the casing, resulting in
 2. Barrel
much more catastrophic result than mere blow-out. from anything, from wooden pins to drill shafts.
Hence the seating depth definitely can be too deep as Sandpaper is wrapped around the shaft, starting from
well as too shallow. Proper seating depth is flush with 240 grit and 400 grit, and a drop of oil is applied, and
barrel top breech block. the chamber is honed and checked frequently, until the
burrs have smoothed out. The process is repeated with
1000 and 2000 grit papers. The chamber is finish lapped
by using included 3D printed honing tool and polishing
paste.

After polishing, the chamber should appear glossy and

free of any significant burrs.

Due to the feed ramp design, Glock, 1911 and most other
self-loading pistols have what is called a partially
supported chamber. This shows as a distinctive bulge
pattern in fired brass in some guns, such as Glock and
1911 designs. This is generally regarded as acceptable,
and such small bulging does not significantly increase a
blowout risk.

After the headspace is set, the chamber is polished using

fine sandpaper on a dowel, which can be substituted
 2. Barrel
Deburring and polishing any commercial 9x19mm loads available. The CIP test
involves remotely firing two (2) overpressure rounds
Excess burrs can be removed manually with needle files with 30% excess chamber pressure.
and sanding. Chamber block should be surface sanded
Loading chart example for CIP proof load:

Use +P+ loads, 9mm Major, high end chart loads, for
example refer to:

http://www.natoreloading.com/9mmmajor/

It is recommended practice to first fire two low-end

chart pressure rounds to test the basic function of the
gun. After successful firing, two high-end 9mm major
smooth from every surface until cutter marks disappear. loads are used, if no specific proof rounds are available.
After this, a bore protector (file included, or a suitable
silicone rubber conical stopper) is inserted to plug the
bore from both ends. The barrel is then either tumbled
with porcelain media, or sandblasted.

Feed ramp polishing will improve feed reliability.

Rounding of the edge between feed ramp and chamber
should be done with caution and using only fine grit in
order to not create unsupported chamber.

Surface treatment

Hot bluing and parkerizing are described in detail in

their own chapter, hence no further details are given
here. Barrels are blued without plugging the bore, as
high heat will cause pressure buildup. The applied
coating is so thin it will have no effect on bore and will
wear off during normal use.

Finished part, after hot bluing.

Proofing the barrel

If the barrel is proofed using 30% overpressure

cartridges according to CIP test, the barrel equals to
commercially supplied barrels and can be freely used for
 6 5 4 3 2 1

115,00
D 104,00 D

36,47 78,53
30,90
3,70 11,00
1,00
1/2" 28 TPI
9,88

7,45

7,25
Major: 12.7mm

11,40
Minor: 11.9mm
11,07

0,70
C 64 9,42 7,72 C
7,69
6,
4.3mm DEPTH

17,00
1, 95
from rear face

2,28
14,72 4,97
12

5,96
at 45DEG angle
,2

29,5
9

11,31
6
30,4
1

9,87
14,82 D 5,13

5,40 3,44
24,51

15,42
25,60

8,40
11,08
45,
00

13,01
Feed ramp:

14,73
B 26,90 B
D R7 7,76 10mm mill, 37DEG jig

0,62
,5 0

30
7,
102,00 4,80

0
,0
R2 7,
6,52 83

R0,
5

0,60
1

52,
9 1
Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
Threadless barrel identical excl. OAL HWR

Edition Sheet
G19 Barrel 1/2
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1

Barrel, Glock 19
D Material: 30mm round stock, 4140, 4340, 40HRC D

1. Part OAL w allowance

2. Drill, ream bore to 8.8mm
3. Button rifle
4. Chamfer for turning between centers
5. Turn barrel shaft to spec, grind polish, chamfer muzzle
6. IF THREADS: dial true to chuck, tap thread
7. In square collet block, index, mill sides, top
8. Mill frontal step
9. Mill top chamfers using chamfering tool
10. Turn, mill bottom sides
11. Mill 45DEG using profile cutter
C 12. Mill bottom profile C
13. Turn upwards, mill breech shape, recess feed ramp
14. Mill feed ramp profile at 45DEG angle
15. Plunge mill feed ramp with 37DEG angle
16. With angle plate, using slot cutter, index distance to breech, height to feed ramp, mill bottom ramp, mill locking slot
17. In angled vise, mill breech slope using profile cutter
18. Dismount from collet block
19. At 45DEG angle, barrel up, mill lug slot
20. Mill front step relief
21. Mill recoil spring slot
22. Deburr, surface sand faces.
23. Clamp barrel plugs with M4 allthread.
24. Sandblast, glass bead blast.
B 25. Hot blue or parkerize. B

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
G19 Barrel 2/2
6 5 4 3 2 1
 3. Slide

Picture of finished, hot blued 4140 slide that has been

proof tested and completely ready for use.

The slide is the largest and most complex part of the

entire assembly, but machining it is not as difficult as
one may initially think. In order to avoid heat treatment
step, the slide is manufactured from same material as the
barrel, from pre-hardened 4140, that is well machinable
up to HRC40, but resists wear and is tough to withstand
the shock loads.

Yielding. A typical failure mode for mild steel or unhardened alloy

steel.

Making the slide

The slide starts from a 35mm round stock of 4140QT

parted to length. Round stock is used, because it is the
The stress points of the slide are the breech and the front most widely available and economical form of 4140
surface of the ejection port. When the gun is fired, the steels, and due to shape of the part, material removal
case head of 9x19mm generates about 2 tons of force remains in reasonable scale and only few mm must be
against the breech, and as the slide is locked around the skimmed of each side; the largest portion comes from
barrel, this force is transmitted to the barrel via the front the bottom, behind the recoil spring lip, but this would
edge. This edge has surface area of about 37mm2, hence be a factor with square stock, as well. It is quite possible
the force divided to area is 54kg/mm2. to order parts that are pre-cut to the size with surface
finish allowance, if desired, however plate and square
The 4140QT used has yield strength of about stock may not be as well available pre-hardened, so in
100kg/mm2, so the material can easily withstand this this case a heat treatment setup must be available.
stress with a large margin. Typical cold drawn mild steel,
for example 1020/S355, has yield strength of 35kg/mm2,
so a slide made from this material would start yielding
from the very first shot, and the gap between barrel and
slide would widen, until it grows so large the headspace
of the gun causes a case rupture. However, case
hardened mild steel or 1045 equivalent medium carbon
steel can be used without issues, as long as the material
is heat treated properly. For more information, refer to
Technicals chapter.
 3. Slide

After all the sides have been milled, the recoil spring lip
is milled to spec as final phase. Before de-mounting, the
blank ends are trued with an end mill square to the
sides.

The round stock is mounted on a vise, and the ends of

the stock are trued by end milling the blank to final
length. The recoil spring lip is slotted and milled out to
separate it from the face milling process.

This surface is used as a reference when the part is re-

mounted to form a 90DEG angle, with which the second
side is milled to spec, and this is repeated, following
specs, until a blank is formed.

After this, the slide top edges are relieved either by

chamfering them using chamfer mill, 45DEG chamfering
jig or rounded using an R5mm radius cutter, and the
slide is turned to mill the remaining sides. The corners
will remain edged as manual machining can not round
them without a rotary jig tool, however, a separate filing
and sanding jig is provided to be used when finishing
and deburring the slide, so this phase is left as is.
 3. Slide
After this, the slide is mounted back up to the vise, and
dialed in for firing pin channel drilling. Truing the slide
is vital to ensure straighness of the channel. The channel
is initially drilled to full depth using 4.5mm drill. It can
be step drilled by first using smaller drill and enlarging
the hole to at least 30mm depth using 4mm carbide end
mill, and then finishing the hole to full depth using 4mm
drill bit, and enlarging the hole to final 5mm diameter
using larger drills and finally a 5.1mm reamer. After
drilling the smallest diameter hole, the stepped holes are The slide is mounted top up, dialed from front, and all
drilled and reamed using larger drills and reamers to the corner holes for ejection port are drilled and milled
specified depth. to spec. The interior of the slide is milled to feed lip
depth.

After determining the breech, the full interior pocket is

milled.

After the firing pin channel is finished, the back is slotted

using slot mill. Note that the machining order in this
picture differs from this process, and the order is not
critical.

The front pocket is relieved, and the front sight pocket is

plunge milled.

The breech face remains unfinished.

In this order, the slide is mounted bottom side up to vise

for interior milling. The slide is milled to feed lip depth,
and the rails are milled using a slot mill.
 3. Slide

After this, the firing pin safety hole is drilled and plunge
milled.

The slide is mounted front up, and the recoil spring hole
is drilled and reamed. After this, the barrel hole is drilled
in steps, and enlarged to 14.5mm final size. After this, the
barrel hole angle jig is pressed over the slide, and using
the barrel hole tilt reamer, a 10 degree tilt is reamed.

After this, the rear section is milled out, taking in

consideration the disconnector edge and feed lip section.
All the flats are milled out to final spec, and any angles
are left to be finished later. The striker slot is milled
using 4mm end mill.

The slide catch slot is milled using the same end mill.
The final angles are milled later with angle vise. Note the
disconnector lip is still missing the angled front slope.
The slide is mounted right side up, and by using step
drilling and finally 12mm HSS end mill, the side of the
ejection port is finished to spec. After this, the slide is
pressed in the ejection port milling jig, and the ejection
port is finished using 4mm end mill to create the slope to
the left side of the port by milling from the left side angle
 3. Slide
in order to create a fillet to both ends of the ejection port
to eliminate stress raiser corners. After this, the slide is
turned to other angle with the jig, and 12mm HSS end
mill is used to cut the relief angle to the right side of the
ejection port. Ejection port specs are checked, and milled
if necessary.

Care must be taken, because the size of the ejection port

is of critical dimension that determines the locking
position of the barrel and must be within 0.1mm or less
to avoid excess headspace. Recommended approach is to
The ejection port is milled from both angles. The round
leave allowance when milling, and doing the finishing
corners at the side are formed by positioning and step
pass on the front face after everything else is milled.
plunge milling, and then removing the residual material.

After the ejection port is finished, the firing pin hole is

drilled through using firing pin hole drill tool. The tool is
made from 5mm round stock, with proper sized drill bit
The left side of the port is milled using either bull nose mounted with minimum amount of overhang to allow
end mills, or from left 45DEG angle using the radius of full penetration of the remaining wall between breech
an ordinary end mill to form round corners. and firing pin channel.

The inner relief is milled using this same method with

proper radii end mills.

The breech forming can begin. A custom broach is

provided that is used to finish the breech, so allowance is
left, but the initial work is done by hand filing. Care must
be taken to keep the face at 90DEG angle.
 3. Slide
barrel is almost in battery, care is being taken to assure
parallelism of all surfaces, and checking out which point
of the breech is touching the barrel, and evening out the
face until a full fit is achieved.
Finally the barrel will fit in place. It should be slightly
snug at first, to leave working allowance, and after this,
only sandpaper of 240 or higher grit is used to work the
surfaces, and parallelism is checked.

After this, the breech broach is used to broach off the

breech edges and uniform the corners.

The breech is shaped by first roughing using larger file,

and then procceeding to using finer files.

The barrel is placed in extractor milling jig, and it is

dialed in, and the extractor slot is milled to spec and the
After filing, the barrel fitting is checked, and when the rear recess for extractor pivot pin is drilled. Extractor
can be fitted in slot to check free movement. After the
slot has been milled, a 4mm extractor slot broach is used
to remove the remaining wall between the slot and the
breech, and broaching is done until the extractor slot is
flush with the breech.
 3. Slide
Extractor not fitting, more deburring needed.

In case the extractor does not fit in the slot, it can be

deburred using needle files. This is common occurrence Extractor fitting properly.
after broaching, as the broach flexes slightly, and it is
commonplace to need for some deburring.

Extractor should be flush with the slide wall, and

protrude over the breech.

After this, the slide is fitted in the extractor plunger hole

drilling jig. The slide is mounted to a rigid vise. A 4mm
center drill is used to drill a starting hole to the slide so it
The wall broached can be seen at the top of the extractor
starts straight, and a normal 4mm HSS-Co drill is used
slot.
to drill as deep as possible, and when there is no more
allowance, extra long drill bit is swapped in order to
prolong the more expensive drill bit life.

The plunger hole drilling jig consists of 3D printed

 3. Slide
sleeve, that is pressed over the slide, and hardened steel The slide is mounted to vent hole drill jig, and the vent
insert that is pressed in the 3D printed sleeve, which hole is drilled through to firing pin channel. The function
aligns the drill to proper angle and position. It is highly of this hole is to vent out any air or water from firing pin
recommended to use 3.5mm custom D-bit drill to create channel and eject gases in case of primer rupture, which
a flat face to the slide, before engaging using ordinary could cause the striker to blow back, damaging the gun.
twist drill. This will ensure the drill starts parallel to the
drilling direction. Even slight deviation will cause the The slide is mounted top up, and front and rear sight
part to be likely scrapped, so extra care should be given slots are milled to spec. The rear slot is finished by
to this step. running a dovetail cutter through it.

Note: it is possible to do this step immediately after

facing the slide to initial dimensions to ensure the hole is
aligned properly and prevent the risk of scrapping a part
into which several machine hours has already been
invested.

In case no long enough drills are at hand, the jig can be

removed after minimum of 30mm has been drilled, so
the hole will begin to lead the drill.

The slide is mounted over an 8mm threaded rod, turned

Use ep oil and low to medium rpm with keeping constant
down to 7.5mm, and threads will remain allowing sliding
drill pressure, and retract drill often to remove chips and
the slide over while still retaining nuts. Nuts are
re-apply EP oil. Alloy steels can work harden and dull
tightened according to picture and the recoil spring lip
drill bits if high rpm and low tool pressure is used, after
radius is milled. The part is carefully rotated by hand,
which usually a carbide tool is needed to continue
and the milling cutter is fed lower, until a full radius is
drilling. With low RPM the 4140 is very machinable and
formed and the part is measured to be in spec.
has provided no issues so far when making this manual.
The drill bit should punch through the extractor slot mid
Note: the milling cutter must remain on top of the part
back. The jig is removed, and the hole is reamed to spec.
at all times. This way the cutting forces will be only axial.
In case side milling was used, the cutter will grab the
part violently, damaging the part and usually breaking
the cutter. Manual radiing has great harm potential if the
part grabs, and this method can only be used for very
small parts radius forming.

Vent hole purpose is to expel high pressure gas in case a

primer rupture occurs. In case there were no vent hole,
all the pressure would be exerted to the striker, which
can damage it and it's components and jam the gun.
The finished radius looks very smooth even though it is
 3. Slide
hand guided. plate, and the slide is slided over the sandpaper through
linear one-directional movement only, and this is done
The slide is mounted sideways, and the grip grooves are until all the machining burrs are diminished. A finer grit
milled using 3mm end mill to 0.4mm depth by dialing is used to smooth out the sides, until a desired level of
the position from the slide's end. Make sure the slide is smoothness is acquired. A 400 grit has been found to be
parallel and flat to ensure uniform cut depth. satisfactory.

The slide is finished by milling all the angled surfaces by

using angle blocks or an angle vise. Sides with angle
blocks are:

- Slide catch slot front taper

- Slide catch up-down taper
- Feed lip back taper

Angle vise sides are: Genesis slide and barrel, after surface sanding.

- Disconnector taper After deburring, the slide is marked if desired using

- Slide catch sideways taper methods described in Finishing chapter.

When the slide machining operation is completed, the

slide is deburred by hand by using needle files and
sandpaper to remove all burrs and breaking all sharp
edges, and the part is cleaned to remove any chips, dust
or cutting oil.

All the small parts are assembled and fitted to the slide,
and fine tuning is done if necessary in order for all the
parts to fit smoothly. Only after this step has been done,
the slide can be finished.

The slide sides are smoothed by surface sanding. A

sandpaper of increasing grit is placed on smooth plate,
preferably polished flat stone surface, ideally a surface
 3. Slide

If available, vibratory tumbler with porcelain media is Pictures of genesis slide, from process finish to
used to wet tumble the slide to deburr it and create an sandblasted to hot blued. Note the scratching due to the
uniform, smooth but dull finish. Even better, ideal option slide being unhardened mild steel. This slide was
is sandblasting. produced only to develop the process and was not
intended to be used.

The slide is either hot blued or parkerized as desired, and

oiled properly according to instructions.

After assembling and testing functions, the slide is now

ready for use.

Before and after sandblasting.

3. Slide
 6 5 4 3 2 1

R1.5 Sight slot THRU

4,61 8,78 6,74
POCKET MILL R3 R3 -19,82 DEPTH
106,76
D D
UNLESS OTHERWISE R0.5 BTM
104,38 Vent hole R1,5 30DEG

NOTED
12,76 R5 Pocket for sight screw 9,76
161,97 136,61
R3 pocket rear end 93,25 4,81
154,73
Side shelfs
width
-3,1mm
-3,10 16DEG
6,97

-6,53
7,26
-4,27 10DEG -2,80 -19,06 -20,60
8,58

C -7,06 C

5,65DEG
Slot cutter
R3 1,6mm 138,94 -1,52 29,30 6,60
-2,97mm
Front pocket
4,46
Dist to back of feed lip 72,09 Front of port
Dist to inner wall of back lip from C BREECH R2 97,78 2,95

45DEG 95,47 4,08

CORNERING 94,35 5,71

R2 Striker slot
THROUGH to channel
149,58
B B
Mag catch
10DEG width R3 = 75,93 <> 74
6,56DEG height
8,38
SLIDE DIMENSIONS G19 63,70
Catch slot front Dist to plunge from C
OAL - 171,88
WIDTH - 25,53
BODY HEIGHT - 21,46
MAX HEIGHT - 30,86

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Slide G19R 1/4
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1

70,49

D 56,97 D
1,52
True DIA 14,61
43,43
To slot C 7,93
27,05 29,92 13,51 14,78
Depth of slot 2,00 0 2,40 Angled DIA
,4 50 Tilt reamer
R0 R0,

1,00 10 DEG

1,80

19,06
L L

10,50
5,11 2,79 15DEG 5.65DEG
C 9,02 8,00 C
111,18 10DEG
102,92 1,00
Spring guide pocket
recoil spring mill
4,26
3,50

3,47 8
R2 Plunger channel ,0
R 5
Plunger jig
A ROUND STOCK

10,00
10,00

3,00
0
MILL PROGRAM G19
B 7, 5 B

23,87
4,74 Material removal rate from each
parallel side

R5 4,55 STOCK: Dia 35mm

2,54
R5 Pocket reach , 50 1. TOP - 3,50

10,04

9,40
(+1,00 at top)
4,50 Slot depth ONLY R0 2. SIDES - 4,74
R5 Pocket max
A 3. BOTTOM BODY - 10,04
depth 4. BOTTOM LIP ONLY - 0,65

R6
0,65

,9
9
R5 center of back pocket

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Slide G19R 2/4
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1

Slide chamfering dimensions 90,45

16,98 68,89
Dimensions are given at 45DEG angle
D parallel to body, D
and parallel to chamfer face
Port jig
FRONT TOP 45DEG
2mm angle
2,83mm FACE

FRONT SIDES
5,06 angle
7,16 FACE 0 12,91 74,89
6 ,0
R
BACK TOP 96,45
3,41 angle
4,83 FACE
7,41
SIDES
4,71 angle 90,45
C 6,66 FACE C
BACK SIDES H
3,41 angle
4,83 FACE 59,70 from back
R6
,0
0

H
74,89
14,05

B B
8,9 4,06
1

29
45, 13
00

,9
,4

7
4,5
7

,07
Depth to
16
rail slot 2,97 ,4

0
12

30,0
3
1,60 3,10
Slot width
7,06
6,53

Depth to 11
shelf ONLY
, 82
Extractor jig

1,37 Port jig

A Rail slot 11,58 9,97 Designed by Checked by Approved by Date Date

A
clearance HWR

Edition Sheet
Slide G19R 3/4
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1
Machining protocol
Material: 35mm round stock, 4140, 40-45HRC
D D
1. True ends to spec. Face mill external dimensions.
2. Mill recoil spring lip around to isolate.
3. Drill, plunge mill breech and ejection port guide holes.
4. Drill firing pin safety hole.
5. Mill full interior to spec, punch ejection port to rough size, full width to fit
broach.
6. Slot mill rails.
7. Mill slide catch slot.
8. Broach breech.
9. Drill, plunge mill ejection port open from slide.
C 10. Mill at 45DEG using jig to final spec. C
11. Mill extractor slot and hole with jig, plunge remaining wall to max and broach Serrator
Dist to BTM
of tool
remaining radius with 4mm broach. ONLY 26,00
38,00
50,00 34,88 22,88
12. Chamfer slide from top, either with angle jig and endmill or using R5 radius 46,88
cutter. In latter, mill corners using chamfering jig.
13. In vertical milling mount, predrill with 3.5mm to 20mm depth, true with 4mm
carbide endmill. Drill with 4mm drill to full depth. Enlarge to 5mm.
14. Ream hole with channel D-bit to full depth.
15. Mill slide back slot with 10mm endmill and 10x2mm slot cutter. 1,00
2,00 126,00
16. Flip slide, drill barrel hole and spring guide hole, ream to spec.
17. Radius mill spring lip. 16,00 3,00
18. Ream barrel hole to angle using jig and reamer.
B B
19. Using plunger jig, drill plunger channel.
20. Drill front sight mount hole, mill back sight slot.
21. Mill grip grooves. Rear: Grips from rear: Front:
22. Plunge mill fpin vent hole using jig. 126, 129, 132,
23. Using angle vise, shape: ejection port angle, feed lip angle, slide catch slot, 16, 19, 22, Width: 2mm 135, 138, 141,
disconnector slope 25, 28, 31, Spacing: 1mm 144, 147, 150,
34, 37, 40, BtwC: 3mm 153, 156, 159
24. Drill firing pin hole with pin reamer.
43, 46, 49 Depth: 0.4mm
25. Hone striker channel and safety plunger hole.
26. Deburr part, check all measurements are in tolerance or fit to other parts
freely, fine tune if necessary.
27. Tumble finish, perform surface finishing.
Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Slide G19R 4/4
6 5 4 3 2 1
 4. Striker
flow due to unsupported firing pin channel.

The striker can be turned from solid stock, but it is

desirable to use either off center turning with
independent jaw chuck or turning an off center support
shaft between centers, as this allows significantly smaller
stock to be used and reduces the amount of material
removed a lot.

The material for the striker can be selected from few

different options. Most straightforward and accessible
method is to use 10.9 or grade 8 bolts or threaded rod.
They retain similar properties to typical 4140QT, and are
tough and sufficiently hard to not wear down over the
expected life of this type of firearm, with minimum
round count of several thousand rounds. Unfortunately
A striker manufactured for the G19R. bolts can not be effectively used as a replacement for off
center mounting, as there is no way to mount it and
Commercial strikers for Gen 3 Glocks are either made being able to make all the details over one mount,
with MIM or machined from 17-4 stainless or alloy steel. however the shaft can be used, after cutting the head off.
Perhaps the most recognizable feature of it is the square If available, 4140QT round stock can be used instead. O1
firing pin head, that fits into a square firing pin hole. In tool steel is also very suitable for the purpose, but
Gen5, the firing pin shape has been changed closer to a requires heat treatment after turning.
more conventional design.
The process begins by marking and drilling 12mm thick
As this feature is relatively easy to machine to the striker shaft from 3mm off center to both ends, using collet
itself, but a very difficult task to replicate to the slide, a block or V-block as indexing tool. Heads are drilled with
decision was made not to even attempt it, but instead use center drill, and the part is mounted between centers.
a simple, round nose firing pin. The firing pin head size
is based on multiple commercial designs and sits in
between the typical range of 1.5-2mm diameter pins. The
firing pin hole is drilled slightly larger to accommodate
possible slight misalignment of striker channel and
reduce proneness of jamming due to dirt or other
factors.

This creates an interchangeability issue with commercial

strikers, but given the fact that commercial strikers for
Glocks tend to be quite expensive, making the striker in
shop becomes warranted, and it also removes End of the shaft is turned to maximum possible full
dependence from one more commerical part, and brings diameter, here 6mm, and dismounted. The part is now
closer the ability to fabricate every part in shop. All mounted to lathe using this off-centric mount shaft.
commercial striker accessory parts, including firing pin
safety, are compatible with this design. Gen5 strikers
could be made compatible in case the firing pin hole
were to be drilled larger, as the pin head is slightly drop
shaped, however this may cause issues with primer brass
 4. Striker
The work continues by turning the first step of the shaft
to spec.

The part has to be step turned to retain as much rigidity

as possible due to long unsupported overhang. Here, the
shaft is faced to remove the mount hole, and the firing The step turning is procceeded until the full shaft has
pin head is turned. It is noteworthy that the firing pin been turned. An allowance of 0.05mm or similar can be
head must not exceed specified length, as it can cause left for finish grinding.
failure to feed when the case head grabs the protruded
firing pin head if it is too long; in spec firing pin head is
sufficiently short so the case rim will trip over it and
push it back in, in case it remains extended.

This phenomenon may occur when the gun is dry fired

when empty, and a loaded magazine is inserted in and
the gun is cocked. In the picture, a sample of too long
firing pin head has caused a feed issue.

After turning, the shaft will look like this. The edges are
chamfered, except for the shoulder behind the first step,
from which only the burred edge can be broken, as this
shoulder will face the striker spring cups.
 4. Striker

The mounting shaft is parted off, and the striker is

turned to final OAL.

After this, the part is re-mounted and dialed in, and the
front section is faced to create four flats.

After this step, the part is mounted to milling machine

using either collet block or a horizontal rotary table. The
sear block is now milled to spec, forming a shape of a
cross.

After this, the striker safety slots are milled to spec.

After this, the sear edge is relieved to specified angle.

NOTE: this step can be optionally performed as the last

step, if fixed rotary table is used, but using collet block,
this step is easy to perform at once.

The striker safety flats have been milled slightly lower in

these drawings compared to the original model
compared, because it was noted that during testing, a
typical striker safety buffing issue was observed, and this
 4. Striker
may be caused by various factors, such as too low reach all times under normal conditions.
of trigger bar safety pin lever, or slightly misaligned
striker channel. The relief does not affect the safety and
functionality of the gun, but reduces the risk of misfires
and light strikes.

Note: the striker safety is not necessary for the function

of the gun itself at all, and in case of simplicity it can be
left off entirely, as can the striker safety hole itself. The
gun will function without the striker safety, however as
there is nothing preventing the striker from falling to the
primer if the trigger bar trips, the gun may discharge
when dropped or rough handled.

The typical wear pattern presented here. This

phenomenon occurs with commercial guns as well, and
may be caused due to off spec parts, wear or
misalignment of any kind, and while it may go
unnoticed, it can increase the risk of light strikes and
misfires, and if the reliability is to be maximized over
some safety, milling the striker safety slots slightly
deeper can be performed. The drawings included here
are altered for this purpose. The decrease in safety is
negligible, and it could possibly only manifest in case the The striker is finished after these steps, and should be
gun is compared to full drop safety tests and could be deburred by breaking all sharp edges and sanding all
marginally more prone to go off when dropped from surfaces smooth. The striker can be finished by
sufficient height at very specific angle, however in sandblasting it, and it can be parkerized or hot blued if
practice this should not induce any decrease in safety desired, however it can be left as is.
and the safety will prevent striker reaching the primer at
 6 5 4 3 2 1
55,00
Firing pin, Glock 19R, round nose 49,40

Material: 10.9, G8, 4140QT, O1, 12mm/ " round stock

26,50 22,90
D 3,10 D
HRC: 35+-5
11,90 11,00 ,4 0
R0
1. Offset by 3mm in collet, drill center holes.

1,60
2. Mount between centers, turn allowance to maximum allowed dia.
3. Mount with collet from allowance. A
4. Turn firing pin head, round nose with filing or a radius tool.

6,27
5. Step turn rest of the shaft to sear.

16,00
4,80 3,90 DIA 4.95mm
6. Chamfer edges, deburr and sand. 2,50
7. Part off allowance.
8. In horizontal rotary(or square collet block), index to largest offset.
9. Mill sear part general cross shape.
10. Use angle block to mill the angled bottom surface(if rotary, do as
last step when unmounted).
11. Insert part from behind to rotary by carefully aligning the sear
C C
perpendicular to one face. (Tip: spread marker to smooth plastic,
align by pin top surface, rub shaft to create perpendicular line)
12. Mill front shaft flats. 5,97
13. Heat treat if necessary, sandblast, surface finish if desired.
2,00

4,95
R4,00

1,95
B 2,20 8 3,00 B
TO FLAT ,4
R2

1,00

2,45
1,45
2,20
3,00

0,98

8,67
1 2 ,0 0

1,05

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR 05/09/2022

Edition Sheet
Firing pin, remake 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 5. Locking Block

TBA
 6 5 4 3 2 1
27,72
Locking Block, G19R
Material: 4140, 40HRC, 25.5mm round stock 5,40
3,03 1,75
1. In square collet block, mill to rectangular flat acc to inst. 45, 1,00
D 2. Mill out top slot, chamfer. 00 D
3. Mill sides to recess.
4. Determine main hole as 0, use gauge pins if necessary. Drill, ream R1
A A ,5 0

6,75
both holes and fork corner.
7,96

5,00
5. Drill second hole back to D1 from rear hole.
6. Remove material from fork to form 90DEG.

12,26
7. Remove inner volume in 45DEG mount. 2,92
3,13

8,06
8. Mill fang slots at 90DEG.
9. Mill fang round slots from below.
10. With 18.5DEG block, mill fork and front L shape.
11. Part off.
12. With 7.77DEG block, mill back slope, chamfer. Mill 45DEG relief to

6,
back face of lug.

9,

35
72
13. Cut radii to bottom corner.
14. Deburr, rotary tumble.
21,05
R2 9,78
,0 0
C 15, 6 2,98 C
9,78 1,75 10,4 9
7

4,72
9,41

8,03
6,10

14,01
7,77
25

10,06
17,06

,50
13,11

8,06
5,00 4,37

9,03
3,05

3,72
8,60 ,0 0
R2 1 8,50
B From 25.5mm round stock, remove: B
17,20
TOP = 4.72mm (8.03mm from C)
BTM = 3.72mm (9.03mm from C)
SIDE = 2.98mm (9.78mm from C)
NOTE

Locking block upper pin hole may not fit directly to

commercial design and it is proprietary for the design
frame until further notice. The block should therefore
be made WITHOUT the second pin hole slot unless
proprietary frame is used.

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Locking Block G19R 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6. Slide Lock

The slide lock is retained within the frame by a

torsion spring in a slot, and it is responsible for
holding the upper assembly mated and acts as
an endstop when the assembly returns in
battery. The slide lock will not last if made
from mild or unhardened steel, it must be
The sheet must be engaged with proper care, as
made from heat treatable alloy such as O1, for
thinner sections may cause grabbing of cutter.
which 2mm thick sheet works perfect. Any
alloy that can be heat treated to between 40-
50HRC suits, however, and it can also be made
out of prehard material if desired.

The following tools are required for

manufacture: When the profile has been prepared, a slot
cutter is used to cut the locking slot. Height can
- endmill, 4-10mm be adjusted when the slot cutter thickness is
- slot cutter, 2x10mm less than the slot being cut.
- slitting saw (slot cutter can be used)
- chamfer mill (optional)
- slide lock serration cutter (optional)

When the slot has been cut, the blanks are

ready to be parted. A slitting saw is used to saw
off the parts, hence this method allows
producing multiple locks height-wise, usually
2-3 locks per mounting before the sheet
The process is started with clamping a 2mm support becomes insufficient. NOTE: slot cutter
thick sheet of raw stock of minimum 30mm used prior can be used for this phase in case
wide, or more + 1 allowance for cutter slitting saw is not available, it only causes
diameter for each part. The part is indexed, and slightly more material loss and need for
milled to form the general profile. Best method multiple passes.
is to determine the center of each part
separately and mill the dimensions around the Parted blanks are deburred by removing any
centerline, and then move to next part. Several loose burrs and surface sanding the parts in
locks can be milled from a longer sheet this order to allow smooth clamping.
way.
 6. Slide Lock

form the serrations manually, and a hacksaw

with fine blade can be used for aid.

Parts are then clamped for spring chamfer Finished samples after deburring, prior heat
milling. Multiple parts can be ganged this way. treatment. The parts are finished, but being
Note: the other end is left with clearance from annealed, are too soft for use.
vise for serration cutting following. NOTE:
This step can be replaced with a triangular file.

Next, with same setup, the first side serrations

are cut using the slide lock serrator tool. The
part is flipped, as is shown in the picture, and
serrations are finished on both sides.
The parts are heat treated with selected
method, in case of forgiving alloys such as O1,
propane torch can be used to heat them cherry
red, and the parts are then quenched in 70-
100C thin motor oil. After quenching, the parts
are quickly surface sanded to reveal fresh
surface, and tempered to purple temper, and
then quenched in water. If electric oven is used,
the parts are transferred directly from hot oil
without sanding into oven at 270-300C, with
The manufacture of slide lock serrator is
wiping as much oil off as possible, preferably
presented in the drawings. NOTE: This tool can
preventing the parts from cooling below 50C at
be replaced by using triangular needle file to
any point.
 6. Slide Lock

Austempering can also be used for even

tougher parts.

Parts after heat treatment with pre-cleaning,

prior tumble finishing.

Finished slide lock.

 6 5 4 3 2 1

Slide Lock
Material: O1, CrV
D D

6,61
C C
0,83

0,76

3,19
2,22

0,76

7,75
1,00
B B
2,07
15,00

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Slide Lock 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 7. Rails

Glock 19 Gen 3 was used as a template, and

converted to adapt the changed rail geometry.
Major changes are made to front rails, which
are changed from machined solid heavy block
into two, simple inserts, that are pressed in the
frame and pinned in place.
Picture of OEM Glock rail inserts, that are
embedded in the injection molded frame. The
basic shape of the rails is very simple.

Rail inserts made from steel are needed to pair

the upper with the plastic frame. While OEM
guns come with injection molded embedded
rails, aftermarket products and especially 3D
printed frames have separate inserts, that vary Rear rails are made from two separate parts
slightly by design, but are commonly either instead of one, as making two bends proved to
machined steel or laser-cut sheet metal bent in be very difficult without expensive precision
shape. The availability of these rails is mostly jigs, that will still require precisely prepared
limited to The United States, and the rails can blanks.
also cost quite a lot, so a method to
manufacture rail inserts was clearly warranted.

During testing, these inserts have proven to be

as useful as those designs.

The rail inserts were re-designed slightly in

order to make them simple and cheap to
manufacture, yet robust enough to withstand
the stresses involved. A frame, based on PY2A
 7. Rails

the jaws, and the blank was ready for milling.

The rails were milled true first, and then cut
into pieces using angle grinder. The silhouette
of the rails from all straight surfaces are milled
to spec, using the mounting hole as the datum.
The mounting hole is positioned using the rail
top surface as datum, and once the hole is
drilled and reamed to spec, it is used as datum
to cut all other shapes for the rail. The second
hole is drilled and reamed only for mounting
The rail inserts designed for this gun are made the rails for milling jig, and it serves no
from pre-bent 1.2mm steel sheet, and all the purpose after that.
dimensions are referred to the edge of the bent.
This takes one of the biggest issue, aligning the The rail edges can be chamfered using either
bend with the features away by turning the simple 45 degree mill, or corner rounding mill.
concept upside down. Rail inserts are easy to
machine, once the bent blank has been formed.
Mild steel has been deemed decent for now,
and it has the added benefit that the rails will
wear down, if this is to be happen at all, instead
of the slide, and can be replaced easily and
cheaply.

The round back of the rails is cut using this

included rail milling jig, with which both rails
as a pair can be milled as mirrors. The rails are
mounted to the jig as referred to the picture
As presented in the pictures, the original rail
and clamped using two hex key bolts. The bolts
preparation was started with scrappings of a
should be tightened with care, as the plastic
sheet metal, and the bend was done using a
will bear only limited amount of torque until
sharp jawed vise – and a hammer. By carefully,
giving away.
and gradually tapping, a sharp 90 degree bent
was produced, that was hammered flat against
The hole in the jig is the datum hole, with
which the tool is indexed to a rotary table. The
rail rounded backs are cut to given radius, and
after which the rails are finished and can be
 7. Rails

deburred.

Set of rails, after preparation, before finishing.

Note the holes lacking from the front rail
pieces, which were included later.
 6 5 4 3 2 1

Glock 19 Front Rail UNI

Material: Steel, stainless steel
D D

1,55
45,
00
2,80

15,00

C C

13,75
16,71

00
2,
B B

1,25
Break all bottom edges
for press fitting ONLY

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Front Rail UNI 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1

Glock 19 Left Rear Rail

1. Bend blank with allowance for mounting
D D
2. Mill general shape.
29,61
3. Drill, ream holes.
4. Re-mount, mill rail side.
5. Mount sideways, R2 corner mill rail. 18,51
6. Mount to Mill Jig in rotary. 3,19
7. Mill radius.
8. Mount mill jig to vise. 9,01
9. Mill side slope.
11,10

5,00

5,04
3,00
1,94

10,84
C 26,85 C
29,75

29,75
,0 0

33,34
R3
4,52

,1 9
R23

3,00
B B

15,41
1,25

19,22

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Left Rail 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 6 5 4 3 2 1

Glock 19 Right Rear Rail

1. Bend blank with allowance for mounting
D 2. Mill general shape. D
3. Drill, ream holes.
4. Re-mount, mill frontal step. Mill rail
width.
5. Mount sideways, R2 corner mill rail.
6. Mount to Mill Jig in rotary.
7. Mill radius. 18,51
8. Mount mill jig to vise. 7,78 9,01 3,20
9. Mill side slope.

NOTE: Bottom and side corners can be

broken without tolerance.

5,00
1,95

10,84
C C

15,04
R3,00

26,85
4,52

29,75
33,34

3,00
R23
, 19
7,78

B B

15,41

1,25
19,22

26,29

Date Date
A Designed by Checked by Approved by
A
HWR

Edition Sheet
Right Rail 1/1
6 5 4 3 2 1
 8. Extractor

TBA
 9. Frame
into a moisture resistant enclosure with desiccants, and
an insulated tube is used to direct the filament into the
printer to minimize moisture absorption.

Finished frame: the features above rails are not included in the final
edition, as they make printing rails down more complicated and offer
little benefit for functionality of the assembly.

The Glock 19R frame is compatible with all other

Finished print: an adhesive tape was tested and showed improvement
commercial Glock parts, except slide lock spring, and in bed adhesion. Depending on manufacturer adhesives may not be
original rails. necessary.
An adhesive two-sided tape was used experimentally to
Printing a frame aid bed adhesion, which may provide complications
using nylon print materials. In these tests, two-sided
Proper settings and materials are needed to 3D print a tape eliminated initial bed adhesion issues.
durable and dimensionally accurate frame that has good
surface finish. The frame that is incorporated with this
design is a derivative of PY2A Glock 19 Gen 3 pistol
frame, with slight modifications.

Deburring and support removal

Finished frame is de-supported by carefully removing the

supports using pliers, punches and wood cutting chisels.
The exact print settings for the frame are included
Supports should be removed by carefully wedging the
below. Material used is PA6CF, Polymaker or Fiberlogy
chisel between the interface and prying, until cracking
as the manufacturer, with recommended temperatures.
can be heard, and the loosened supports can be removed
Print orientation is rails down, with a raft, and using
using pliers. With proper settings, the supports detach
conical support to minimize support volume. A support
without damaging the parts, and care must be taken not
blocker is placed in the grip area as presented in picture
to damage the frame. Any burrs can be carefully cut or
below to prevent excess support generation. Print time
shaved off to improve finish. Support interface is
for the frame will be around 48 hours. The frames
relatively smooth with proper gap and interface infill and
presented in this manual are printed with stock Ender 3
pattern, and may not need any further finishing, such as
printer with original glass printing surface.
sanding, shaving or filing. Small punches may be useful
for removing supports from holes and internal cavities,
The filament is prepared by drying it in oven at 80C
as is small razor knife. Do NOT drill any holes to deburr
overnight (12 hours). The filament is transferred directly
 9. Frame
them, as the press-fit pins may not be retained if the Front rails
holes are enlarged.

Annealing: water curing nylon

PA6 is hygroscopic plastic, which changes it's properties

when it is saturated with water. This equilibrium is
established naturally over days to weeks under
atmospheric conditions depending on humidity and
temperature of the climate, but this process can be sped
up by soaking the parts in 70C water for 15 minutes. This
process changes the plastic properties, lowering it's
ultimate tensile strength, but increasing toughness up to
3-fold.

If the manufacturer has recommendation for thermal

annealing, this process must be done prior. General
procedure for PA6CF is 90C for 2 hours, with natural
cooldown.

The front rails are identical, and they are designed to be

embedded into the plastic frame permanently. For this
purpose, they retain a press fit, and the rails should be
first engaged by hand and tapped using small rubber
hammer, and pressed to final depth using a vise or other
controlled method to prevent misalignment or damage to
After the frame has been processed, it is left to dry. frame or bending the rails. Prior pressing, make sure the
slots are clear of burrs or possible support pieces by
Assembly scraping them with a piece of piano wire and by
checking visually the slots are clear.
The frame assembly is fast and easy to do when all parts
have been acquired. The assembly starts by pressing in
the rails.

For securing the rails, a securing pin is used to lock the

rails down. For properly made rail inserts, the pin should
be tight but easy to press through the frame using a vise,
and retain a secure fit to the inserts. If desired, epoxy
glue can be applied to the rails before pressing them in.
 9. Frame
burrs.
Rear rails
The magazine release actuates with one straight 1.3mm
piano wire, that is inserted down into a slot, and the
magazine release button is slid in place from larger
opening, and with aid of a punch, the wire is moved
slightly back to allow full insertion. After this, the wire
head is pushed so it drops into the slot in the magazine
release, and it should snap in place and actuate the
magazine release when pressed, and promptly return it
back to initial position. The operation is tested by
inserting a magazine, which should snap in place and
remain there when tried to pull out of the gun strongly,
but release and drop out when the magazine release is
pressed. If the magazine faces friction or resistance, it
Rear rails: Genesis version, hand-made, but working samples of rails. may be necessary to deburr the magazine well. Remove
magazine before further assembly.
Rear rails should have slight press fit, but they are
primarily retained in place by aligning them between the Locking block, slide catch and trigger assembly
frame and the trigger housing unit, and locking them in
place with a single pin. This pin is pressed in place only These parts must be cross-installed in such order that
after assembling other parts. the trigger group is pressed into the frame first, and then
the slide catch is placed and held in place, while the
Parts assembly locking block is pressed down to it's slot. The slide catch
has a spring, that must fit below the locking block.

When parts are fitted, a 3mm punch is inserted through

the trigger pivot hole to align the three parts. Trigger
may need to be pushed upwards to align it – do not apply
force. When everyhing fits, remove punch and insert
4mm pin to the hole, and either use a vise or a small
rubber hammer to drive the pin through the frame.
Constantly monitor that all three parts are aligned. Do
not try to force the pin in, as it may damage the parts or
When the rails are fitted, rest of the parts can be
the frame. Wiggle the parts if necessary, until the pin
installed.
fits. The pin should have tight but easy fit.

Magazine release and magazine well

When pressed in place, press in the upper pin in similar
way. Make sure the slide catch spring does not interfere
Visually check and deburr magazine well first, and test
with the pin, and use small punch to push it if necessary.
free fit with a magazine prior assembly.

Make sure the rear rails and the trigger housing are
Magazine release button is first inserted into it's slot and
aligned by driving a punch through the hole, and then
tested for free actuation. If the magazine release button
press in the third pin using similar methods. If
does not actuate freely, it may be necessary to sand the
necessary, use punch to tap it to final depth.
button and make sure the magazine release slot is
deburred and smooth. Running a razor blade or a small
Slide lock
square needle file may be necessary if there are visible
 9. Frame
reinforced polymer frames. The most common failure
Finally, check slide lock slot for any obstructions and modes for 3D printed Glock frames are cracks at locking
deburr if necessary. The slide lock spring pin is pressed block pin holes, or frame splitting from the axis between
down into the hole in front of the locking block, so it magazine release and rear rail – trigger housing pin.
remains upwards tilted over the slide lock slot. From Therefore it is recommended to check the frame for
side, slide the slide lock so the claw faces backwards, and cracks or other modes of failure frequently.
by using a punch, press down the spring pin so the slide
lock can be slid in place. The spring locks the slide lock in
place, and it should actuate up-down when pressed from
sides.

Take the full upper assembly, and slide it from front so it

mates with the rails, and carefully pull it back. If there
are obstructions, try wiggling the slide, but do not apply
force if the slide does not fit, but check for issues of
alignment. When properly assembled, the slide should
freely slide and audibly snap in place, and when cocked,
it should engage the trigger, and when the trigger is
pressed, an audible click is heard. Trigger has a long,
springy pull, as it engages the striker and charges it, and
a noticeable wall is felt, until the trigger releases the
striker.

The gun is now operational.

Issues

While properly printed frames from good materials have

shown to be very durable, printed frames are still
inherently weaker than injection molded, fiber
 10. Engraving

While engraving is not a necessary feature and lacquer, text is basically impossible to fix due to
can be skipped in order to save time, for it's intricate nature. After sanding smooth, the
finishing the gun it adds to the aesthetic value. surface is wiped with acetone to degrease it,
and double wiping is recommended to
eliminate cross contamination.

The mask is aligned and placed carefully onto

A method based on PCB etching was developed desired position, and a flashlight can be used to
for the purpose, and found to work well for the see the silhouette to aid placement. A backing
purpose. The method is based on paper from normal copy paper is used to
electrochemical etching, and equipment for prevent backplate adhesion. Finally, a backing
ECM can be directly employed for this purpose, plate with minimum thickness of 2mm,
although at the simplest, a DC power source of preferably 5mm, is placed on top, and clamped
under 6 volts, ideally 1-1.5 volts, and a cotton down so that there is a clamp pressing on every
swab can be used. Required masks, vats, 3" distance minimum. Pressure can be applied
printing instructions and other details are liberally, as too low pressure will cause
provided in the files. adhesion issues.

The clamped assembly is then heated in oven,

until the core temperature reaches 128C, +-
few degrees. Thermoprobe placed direclty on
top of the plate gives decent estimates. Ideally,
a backplate with thermoprobe hole is used to
control temperature, however more
rudimentary methods were found to work
A mask is printed using an inkjet or a laser decently.
printer. A negative image is created, and the
image is mirrored, as it is transferred to a When the temperature is reached, the assembly
surface. High gloss photo paper suits best, is removed without hurry and cooled down by
however, glossy magazine paper works most of rinsing it with water. The clamps are detached,
the time and can be taped to an ordinary copy and the backing plate is removed, and the part
paper to support it during printing. is submerged in lukewarm water. The photo
paper is carefully peeled off, starting from an
The surface is prepared by sanding it smooth edge, and the ink mask should remain to the
with minimum 400, but up to mirror finish. metal surface.
The surface must be free of defects such as
scratches or pit corrosion, or the mask will
come out perforated, and while blank areas can
be filled using nail polish or any waterproof
 10. Engraving

down to form watertight sealing. Care must be

taken all surfaces within the vat are protected
by mask, or fixed with lacquer.

The anode (+) is grounded to the part, and

cathode (-) is applied to the electrode in the vat.
1 volt is used for the whole process, and voltage
may have to be increased especially at the
beginning to break the oxide or residue layer
In case the mask has rippled edges or holes in
commonly adhering to the exposed surfaces,
blank areas, they can be filled using nail polish
but commonly only up to 1.2 to 1.3 volts is ever
or any fast acting waterproof lacquer. In case
needed. Current for slide etchings was around
there text or symbols are damaged, the mask
50 milliamps, but for small text etchings the
can be easily wiped off using acetone, and the
surface area is so small the device with 1
process repeated, hence re-application must
milliamp accuracy may not even register,
not be hesitated if even the smallest of defects
although bubbles can be observed at the
are noticed. Most common reasons appear to
cathode. Using higher voltages may cause mask
be either improperly cleaned surface or surface
dethaching and much coarser surface finish.
with defects, too low clamping pressure or too
low heat. Toner melts between 100C and 130C,
Runtime is 20-30 minutes, and 25 minutes was
and even lower end range has provided
used in the end. With same surface energy, the
successful transfer without defects. Too high
surface area determines the current, so same
heat may cause toner flow, which may flaw
voltage and same time can be used for basically
letters and symbols. During tests, the process
any sized etching, and the time determines the
was found to be quite reliable when each step
depth of etch.
was followed.

When the mask is ready, it is wiped dry, and a Magazine paper transfer method
purpose printed vat is pressed to form a pool.
Blu-Tak was used as seaming mass and This method instructed for PCB toner transfer
provided to be excellent barrier when pressed was attempted using different temperatures
 10. Engraving

and print settings, however, while the mask

worked and the backing paper was significantly
easier to peel off – as it basically falls off when
exposed to warm water - it was proven to be
much more sensitive to temperature and
pressure variations, and as the backing paper is
not rigid enough, applying pressure can cause
the letters to offset, making slightly misaligned
or stretched letters, and also the etch edge
quality was noticeably coarser. Hence it is
recommended to use thick high gloss photo
paper only for creating etch masks for etching
steel.

Dry film resist

This method utilizes a special resist film, that is

applied to the surface of the part, and the
design printed on a transparency is placed on
top of it, and the film is exposed to UV light,
causing curing of the unexposed areas, and
depending on nature (positive or negative
film), the areas either exposed or unexposed
are dissolved in basic solution, and the etching
is commenced as usual.
 11. Finishing
Finishing a part is crucial step in completing an assembly surface sanding. In this instance, a sandpaper of
that is both functional, aesthetic and ergonomic, and gradually finer grade is simply placed on a flat surface,
given it's small benefit compared to time and resources ideally on a surface plate, or to an improvised one
used, it is mostly skipped in DIY gun production. It is utilized from polished granite slab. The parts are slided
hence possible to skip this chapter, as it provides little to against the surface with linear, steady movements,
no functional benefit over short term, however, properly keeping the ground surface parallel to the plate. This will
finished assembly will last longer in terms of corrosion even out any high spots and burrs, and create a flat face,
and wear resistance and obviously look better. resulting in finish similar to a surface ground part and is
a very effective way to quickly deburr and produce
The major exception is shot peening. Further description interim finish to parts during production. Sandpaper will
follows. remove only hundreths of a mm during a brief session,
so parts usually do not lose specs when ground, and
If no other finishing procedures are undertaken, it is toolmarks and cutter marks can generally be completely
highly recommended to perform basic deburring on part, removed without any issues.
that will remove and break any chips and sharp edges
and rough surfaces, as this will make the parts safer to Abrasive blasting
handle and fit better.

Two final surface treatment methods are described in

depth here, hot caustic bluing, and parkerizing. Bluing
method involves an alkali nitrate and a caustic with
added water, while parkerizing uses phosphate reaction.
Bluing uses higher temperature and relatively more
dangerous chemicals, and produces a finish that is not as
resistant and durable as parkerizing, hence emphasis is
given on the latter. Nickel plating is also described, as it
can be more lucrative for certain parts.

Methods described here include following:

- Manual polishing A better, faster and a much more uniform method is

- Surface sanding abrasive blasting, commonly known as sandblasting. A
- Abrasive blasting grit, preferably aluminum oxide, is blasted using
- Tumble finishing compressed air towards the part, and the individual
- Acid etching and electropolishing grains will abrade the part in a similar manner to
- Hot bluing and parkerizing sandpaper – as same aluminum oxide grit is used in
- Nickel plating them as well – but the effect is not restricted to planes,
but can instead easily reach any crevices, slots, holes,
The most common way to deburr parts is to use manual edges and shapes of any type, and deburr, remove any
grinding tools, like sandpaper, files, wheel grinder or rust, scale or other residue. Ordinary sand, while cheap,
buffing wheel. These are very fast and effective at is not very effective at surface treatment and should only
removing obvious burrs and sharp edges, however be used in large scale rudimentary operations; for small
liberal application may result in uneven finish, and parts blasting, aluminum oxide is mandatory, and the
grinding critical surfaces too hard may cause them to cost is beared only once, as the media is colleceted in the
become non-parallel or off spec. blastbox and can be recycled several times without losing
any effectiveness (even up to 100 times). For satin finish,
Hence, whenever possible, it is recommended to use glass beads of 100um or similar should be considered;
 11. Finishing
they are much less effective at cleaning or deburring
parts, so aluminum oxide blasting should be carried Parts that contain sensitive surfaces, such as barrels,
before glass bead blast finishing. should be protected, and barriers like simple taping over,
or using 3D printed end plugs (included) with a threaded
rod clamped through the bore, must be used. For glass
bead peening, barrel doesn't have to be protected, but
direct impinging to rifling should be avoided;
meanwhile, it is recommended to peen the polished
chamber, as this will burnish it even further.

Tumbling

Another way of deburring and finishing parts is using

either rotary or vibratory tumbler. A selected type of
media is used, commonly with water and soap, to tumble
the parts from few hours to few days to attain desired
finish. Aggressive aluminum oxide media can be used to
Aside of grit, blasting can also use other media, such as deburr and grind parts faster, but finishing steps should
beads. Glass and steel beads are used in shot peening, be done with delicate media, such as porcelain. Any
that can act as an abrasive and finishing process, tumbler of suitable size will work for the purpose.
creating fine satin finish, but also creating residual
surface compressive forces in the base material, greatly It is not recommended to use stainless steel shots or pins
limiting crack propagation and stress raisers from for tumbling parts that are made from non-stainless
forming. Shot peening is commonplace in all critical steel. This creates pitting corrosion as stainless alloy is
industries, including pressure bearing gun parts such as impinged into the base metal through pin peening
bolt lugs, which are treated for this reason. Shot peening action, and galvanic corrosion creates small pits, which
is always the final procedure before applying surface are a serious risk for cracking and can act as stress
finish, such as bluing or plating, and the benefit will be raisers, and are extremely detrimental in pressure
lost if the surface is ground, or even etched too long. bearing parts. It is also very difficult to remove the once
embedded remains of stainless alloy, as it is less reactive
A suitable sandblasting system can be easily constructed than the base metal, so etching produces little effect and
from a plastic, transparent box, into which a set of 3D may even escalate the issue. Such parts may be deemed
printed parts are used to create glove opening and ball total loss, in worst case. For stainless and nonferrous
joint mount for the blaster. An ordinary silent air metals such as brass this problem does not persist.
compressor works great as power source, and a
commercial handheld sandblaster gun with top hopper Acid etching and electropolishing
tray can be used; a steel tube of 3-4mm ID and desired
length, usually 20-30cm, is attached to the muzzle, and Using acids or electrolysis to deburr and clean parts is an
through this the abrasive is ejected into the box, allowing effective method, however delicate control of the process
it to act as contained system. An opening for small HEPA is required to avoid damaging the parts. Acids will
filter – or simple filter cloth – is made to the back wall, generally etch parts at equal rate, however, electrolysis
so the pressure can equalize without losing any grit. For will cause peaks and valleys, which produces uneven
small parts, pressure of around 3 bar is effective, and is result; the effect is measured in micrometers, however,
also the upper limit when using glass beads or so it may not be a noticeable factor while applying.
performing shot peening. Higher pressures will consume Electropolishing is much more delicate in terms of
a lot more air, and while being more aggressive, can be pitting corrosion, so if used outside of producing mask
so to a detrimental effect with small parts. etchings described in chapter "Markings", caution must
 11. Finishing
be taken.
The shot peening is always the last mechanical step
Acid etching is most commonly performed either as performed on a part, and no other work must be done to
aggressive pickling phase for crude scale or rust removal, retain the desired properties. Parts that are peened can
or as a preparative step for plating of finishing. In the be surface finished with passivation or plating without
former, strong, hot acid solutions such as mixtures of affecting the effect.
sulfuric and phosphoric acid are commonly used, while
in the latter, the surface is merely activated by removing Shot peening works by causing yielding and compressive
the fine oxidation and impurities layer. A solution of 4% stress to the surface of a part, essentially flattening all
citric acid with soap as detergent at 70-80C for 15min is cracks, sharp edges and imperfections and creating a
effective at activating the surface for finishing process. microcratered surface. This effectively prevents stress
crack formation, which is a major cause for premature
While applying acids or electrolysis on parts with HRC30 parts failure. In gun parts, pressure bearing elements
or higher, hydogen embrittlement may become a factor, such as locking devices and bolt lugs are commonly shot
and extreme caution must be taken when treating critical peened. While the exact method of peening will vary
parts. The higher the hardness level, the more depending on parts and geometry, a basic procedure is to
susceptible the material is for hydrogen embrittlement. use glass or steel shots of 0.1-2mm in diameter,
With citric acid, there has been no detectable effect, but depending on minimum part feature size, generally
with strong acids or electrolysis, the materials may even preferring the smaller end, at pressures of 2-3bar
shatter on their own, if not baked after treatment. maximum. The whole surface is thoroughly peened on
desired areas to attain the desired effect. While ideal
angles and coverage data exists, manual shot peening
will gain 50-90% of specialized shot peening effects so
even a mediocre peening procedure will improve parts a
lot. Shot peening can also double as a surface blasting
and cleaning method, although the primary purpose is to
form surface stress, so the parts can be abrasive blasted
prior peening for maximum effect for both.

In pistol slides, all sharp corners and breech area can be

shot peened, however, this process is more critical for
geometries commonly faced in rotating bolt weapons
and similar, so shot peening is not necessary for Glock
manufacturing.
The parts should be baked within 1-2 hours after first
possible moment of exposure in order to prevent
embrittlement process to begin. Final surface treatment: plating and
passivation
Shot peening
Surface finishing is commonly the very final step in parts
Shot peening has a major effect on parts durability, and production, where a functional and/or decorative finish
in case a part features critical shoulders and stress is applied. There are countless methods for finishing,
raisers or is subjected to large cyclic stresses, shot however, their application may vary from readily
peening should never be skipped. Shot peening can accessible to proprietary supplier products, which are
increase parts live by order of magnitude, an example hard to acquire and usually prohibitively expensive.
injector part for comparison had to be replaced after only
20k cycles, while a shot peened iteration lasted over a Hot bluing
million cycles.
 11. Finishing
Likely the most basic method for finishing is hot bluing. if recrystallization is required, because it has high
It is a method of oxidizing ferrous metal surface to form solubility in hot water, but low solubility when cold, so it
a protective layer from the metal's own base material. allows easy recrystallization and removing of both
For iron, the red oxide, known as rust, occupies larger insoluble and soluble impurities through filtering and
volume than the base metal, so it will expand and flake decanting. A typical route for accessing KNO3 under
off, but black oxide does not, hence it produces similar oppressive regimes is to acquire calcium ammonium
protective layer than anodized aluminum, stainless steel, nitrate and mixing it with potassium chloride, and
titanium, etc. Bluing, when properly done, will produce a crystallizing out KNO3.
protective coating that can be scraped with wire brush
without scratching it; however, the layer thickness is in In a stainless steel vessel large enough to fit all the parts,
order of a micron or so, and if applied on soft base about equal weight of water is added over the KNO3, and
material, it offers basically no enhanced resistance to carefully, NaOH granules are added, while stirring, to
abrasion or scratches of any kind. avoid overheating. The solution will heat upon this
addition even up to near boiling without any additional
Stainless steels and high alloy steels such as nickel steels heating. The soapy sludge solution is heated, and will
like 4340 are not generally suitable for bluing. 4140 can clear up, and if necessary, water evaporated by boiling
be readily blued, as can any carbon steels. until temperature reaches 150C. If more water needs to
be added, extra caution must be taken, because the
This is done by boiling it in a mixture of oxidizer and a temperature difference will cause violent splashing. All
strong base. The basic formula is: parts must be fully submerged.

- 65 parts of sodium or potassium hydroxide Bluing process

- 35 parts of potassium or sodium nitrate (KNO3 or
NaNO3) Parts need to be degreased and cleaned and etched to
allow smooth and uniform bluing to form. For this
It is, however, noteworthy that the ratio is not critical by purpose, total of 3 batches are prepared, and a source of
any means, and this ratio will produce the fastest and running water is kept at hand, or a large volume of clean
most effective bluing; for personal use, a much more water. The degreasing bath is 5% lye solution, and the
diluted solution will do the same result over a protracted second bath is 4% citric acid and a squirt or two per liter
soaking. of diswashing soap. Third bath is pure boiling hot water,
ideally distilled if tap water is too hard; part is rinsed
Using ammonium nitrate is NOT recommended, unless under hot tap water prior application to prevent cross
the initial mixing and boiling of first 15 minutes can be contamination.
done outdoors or using proprietary fume hood, because
equimolar amount of ammonia gas is formed upon The parts must be prepared prior by removing any
mixing. Ammonia is basically a gaseous form of lye, traces of coating, paint, scale or other foreign material,
being equally corrosive, and it has an extremely pungent as pure, clean and active base metal surface is needed for
odor and it is also toxic due to it's corrosiveness. In case the bluing to form. Hence the parts must be either
it is used, the resulting product will be sodium or tumble deburred and cleaned, or sandblasted. Any solid
potassium nitrate, and the equimolar amount of residues are rinsed off.
hydroxide is consumed in the reaction, hence a larger
amount of hydroxide is necessary. The parts can be based either into a steel mesh basket of
available type, or attached to a pure steel or stainless
The reagents must be of reasonable purity. NaOH can wire (non-galvanized), so they can be lowered into each
usually be acquired as pure granules in drain cleaner or bath without touching the surfaces of the vessel to
soap making products, but sourcing pure nitrates may be prevent spot formation.
a more challenging task. Potassium nitrate is the choice
 11. Finishing
The supported parts are boiled in lye bath for 5 minutes. Parkerizing
After this, the parts are transferred to the citric acid
bath, and kept for 5-10 minutes. Then the parts are Parkerizing, or manganese phosphatizing is a passivation
rinsed with hot water. process where a solution consisting of manganese source
with phosphoric acid is used to convert the surface of a
Then, the parts are transferred at once into the bluing steel part into porous, crystalline layer of manganese
bath by carefully immersing them fully into the liquid. phosphate, which is durable and readily absorbs and
Part immersion time is between 30 to 60 minutes for full retains oil, hence protecting the parts from corrosion to a
black finish to form. great extent, and also providing aesthetic matte finish
surface.
After soak, parts are transferred into hot clean boiling
water bath, and boiled for 5-10 minutes. From here, The common recipe involves phosphoric acid and
parts are soaked with water dispersing oil. After cooling, manganese dioxide, as they are easily available as rust
the parts can be sealed in a ziploc bag with enough W.D removal or cleansing products and extracting from D-
to spread to every surface. The parts are soaked in batteries, however, MnO2 does not readily react with
preferably overnight. phosphoric acid, and the resulting coating will consist
mostly of iron phosphate, which appears deep black, but
After this, the parts are scrubbed with brush, for is easily wiped off and offers very limited protection.
example toothbrush, to remove any loose deposits, and
wiped clean. Treat parts with light gun oil according to Hence, it is important to use a reactive form of
recommendations. manganese, most accessible being manganese carbonate.
In this chapter, two ways are described: a simple, two-
If the bluing finish has spots or is not satisfactory, it can ingredient bath, that produces basic parkerized surface
be reversed easily by degreasing, and acid etching the with variable results, and an actual, industrially used
surface, which will quickly remove the oxide layer, and formula, which involves more active ingredients, but is
the parts can be re-blued right away. much more consistent and provides better performance
and finish.
When bluing barrels, the bore is generally left as is, as
plugging it will cause pressure buildup in high Any stainless steel, glass or teflon coated vessel can be
temperatures and may cause violent splashing of the hot used for the process. Process temperature is 95C and
caustic bath when the end plugs blow off. Bluing will reaction time is usually around 15-20 minutes. Surface
only create a surface layer of few microns in thickness at preparation is critical for successful parkerizing, and
most, so it will have no effect on bore tolernaces on ideal method is to degrease and clean off any debris, dry,
home workshop or service grade weapons. and sandblast the parts, and then perform acid etching
using 15% HCl or H2SO4 solution, optionally with up to
The bluing solution will turn into white or tinted sludge 10mL/L of 3% H2O2 as a catalyst for 3min at room
after use when cooled to room temperature, and is good temp. Another option is to use citric acid bath with 5%
and ready to be used when stored in a bucket with a lid citric acid and liquid soap at 70-80C for 5min. After this,
or in a canister. Over time, hydroxides will react with parts are rinsed thoroughly, washed with distilled water,
atmospheric carbon dioxide, forming carbonates, which and phosphatized.
will eventually cause spotting, but these solid residues
can be removed by pouring the solution through a very Parkerizing, simple method
fine steel mesh filter. Over time, more nitrate and caustic
needs to be added, however properly stored and used For simple parkerizing solution, the ratio of ingredients
solution will keep good for several uses and has an is following:
infinite shelf life.
- 4000 parts of pure water
 11. Finishing
- 134 parts of manganese carbonate
- 118 parts of phosphoric acid (85%, calculate dilution if
necessary)

The reactants are mixed to the water, and simmered to

allow for all of the manganese to react, some residue
may remain. Reaction time can be expected to be 1-2
hours. After this period, piece of degreased, clean steel
wool size of matchbox can be applied as an activator.

Parts are dipped in solution using steel wire (remove

possible zinc coating with acid before use), and
phosphatized commonly for 15-20 minutes at 95C,
however the reaction time may vary slightly. After
reaction is complete, parts are rinsed thoroughly with
hot water, dripped dry from excess water, and soaked
with water displacing oil.

Parkerizing, full method

The process run for full method is the same, however a

more diverse range of reactants is used for the bath:

For 3 liters of water:

Phosphoric acid (85%) 42g

Manganese phosphate 90g
Manganese nitrate 36g
Manganese carbonate 3g
Nickel nitrate 1.8g

This formula will provide more durable and corrosion

resistant parkerized surface.

Parkerizing solutions will remain good for several uses,

and in case the reaction rate seems to slow down, more
phosphoric acid can be added in small amounts. The
solid residues will settle to the bottom when the solution
is cooled, and can be generally easily decanted off when
moving the solution to storage container.
 12. Suppressor

Apply vaseline or viscous oil to suppressor before

assembling. The purpose of the oil is to absorb heat from
combustion gases.

TO BE FNISHED

Extra chapter: compact wiped suppressor

Due to gunshot sound being so readily distinguishable

and far-reaching, it was deemed mandatory to include an
effective suppressor with the G19R package. The
suppressor is based on Hush Puppy – design, which
incorporates compact size, use of wipes and oil, light
weight and no need for Nielsen Device. This suppressor
will last about one magazine of shooting until it starts to
lose it's effectiveness to a significant degree, and remains
effective for concealing readily distinguishable gunshot
sound up to two or even three magazines of rounds.

As tilting barrel pistols cycle, the barrel and slide will

travel together about 3mm backwards, until they
separate, extra weight may cause the barrel-slide pair to
not gain enough momentum to fully cycle the gun, so a
Nielsen device, that is a spring loaded piston collar, is
required to allow this impulse to occur, is required. This
suppressor weights around 100 grams, and is hence well
suited for semi-automatic pistols without this device.

The basic structure features an aluminum tube with steel

endplates, 3D printed polycarbonate or nylon spacers,
and rubber wipes. Half of the internal diameter is turned
larger, and M24 and m27 by 1mm threads are formed for
endcaps, and muzzle thread can be left at the user's
choice, here 1/2" x 28 TPI is used.

Use of the suppressor

Do NOT use hollow point bullets. Only subsonic rounds

must be used for the suppressor to be effective.
 13. Technicals

In this chapter information regarding general

metalworking, materials, strength calculations,
heat treatment and other data is presented that
are necessary in gunsmithing.

To be finished