08

Centre of Mass
Centre of mass of a system of particles is the point that behaves as whole mass
of the system is concentrated on it and all the external forces are acting on it. IN THIS CHAPTER ....
For rigid bodies, centre of mass is independent of the state of the body, i.e. Position of Centre of Mass
whether it is in rest or in accelerated motion, centre of mass will remain same. Motion of Centre of Mass
Collision
Position of Centre of Mass
For different particles system, the position of centre of mass is as given below,
(i) Two Particles System If a system consists two particles of masses
m1 , m2 and respective position vectors r1 , r2, then the position of centre of
mass is given by
m r + m2r2
rCM = 1 1
m1 + m2
r1 + r2
If m1 = m2 = m(say), then rCM = .
2
(ii) System of n Particles If a system consists of n particles, of masses m1 ,
m2 , ¼ mn with r1 , r2 , ¼ , rn as their respective position vectors, at a given
instant of time, then the position vector of CM, i.e. rCM of the system at
that instant is given by
n n

m1r1 + m2r2 + ¼ mn rn
å mi ri å mi ri
i =1 i =1
rCM = = =
m1 + m2 + ¼ + mn n
M
å mi
i =1
n
å mi xi
i =1
In terms of coordinates, xCM =
M
n
å mi y i
i =1
Further, yCM =
M
n
å mi z i
i =1
zCM =
M
Note The centre of mass of a body may lie within or outside the body. It is not at all necessary that
some mass has to be present at the centre of mass.
206 JEE Main Physics

Example 1. The position vectors of three particles of masses Similarly,

1 ´ 0 + 1.5 ´ 0 + 2.5 ´ 4
m1 = 1 kg, m2 = 2 kg and m3 = 3 kg are r1 = ( i$ + 4$j + k$ ) m, y CM = = 2.0 cm
1 + 1.5 + 2.5
r2 = ( i$ + $j + k$ ) m and r3 = (2 i$ - $j - 2 k$ ) m respectively. Find
So, centre of mass (CM) is 0.9 cm right and 2.0 cm above 1 kg
position vector of their centre of mass. mass.
1 $ 1 $ $ $
(a) (3 i + 2$j - 4 k$ ) (b) (3 i + j - k)
3 2 Example 3. The centre of mass of a uniform L-shaped
1 1 lamina (a thin flat plate) with dimensions as shown is (g mass
(c) (3$i + $j - k$ ) (d) (3$i + 2$j - 4 k$ )
3 2 of lamina is 3 kg)
Y
Sol. (b) The position vector of CM of the three parts will be given 2m
by F (0, 2) E (1, 2)
m r + m2r2 + m3 r3
rCM = 1 1 C3 D(1, 1)
m1 + m2 + m3
B(2, 1)
Substituting the values, we get 1m
C1 C2
1 ( $i + 4$j + k$ ) + 2 ( $i + $j + k$ ) + 3 (2$i - $j - 2 k$ )
rCM = X
1+ 2 + 3 O(0, 0) A(2, 0)
9$i + 3$j - 3 k$
= æ6 5ö æ5 5ö æ5 6ö æ7 6ö
6 (a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷ (c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
1 $ $ $ è5 6ø è6 6ø è6 5ø è5 5ø
\ rCM = (3 i + j - k) m
2 Sol. (b) Taking the L-shape to consist of 3 squares each of length
1m. The mass of each square is 1kg, since the lamina is uniform.
Example 2. Three point particles of masses 1.0 kg, The centre of mass C1, C 2 and C3 of the squares are, by symmetry
1.5 kg and 2.5 kg are placed at three corners of a right angle
æ 1 1ö æ 3 1ö
triangle of sides 4.0 cm, 3.0 cm and 5.0 cm as shown in the their geometric centres and have coordinates ç , ÷ , ç , ÷ ,
è2 2ø è2 2ø
figure. The centre of mass of the system is at a point
æ 1 3ö
[JEE Main 2020] ç , ÷ respectively. We take the masses of the squares to be
2.5 kg è2 2ø
concentrated at these points. The centre of mass of the whole L
shape ( x, y) is the centre of mass of these mass points.
é æ 1ö æ3ö æ 1ö ù
4 cm 5 cm ê1 çè 2 ÷ø + 1 çè 2 ÷ø + 1 çè 2 ÷ø ú kg -m 5
Hence, X= ë û = m
(1 + 1 + 1) kg 6
1.0 kg 1.5 kg é æ 1ö æ 1ö æ3öù
3 cm ê1 çè 2 ÷ø + 1 çè 2 ÷ø + 1 çè 2 ÷ø ú kg -m 5
and Y= ë û = m
(a) 2.0 cm right and 0.9 cm above 1 kg mass
(1 + 1 + 1) kg 6
(b) 0.6 cm right and 2.0 cm above 1 kg mass
(c) 1.5 cm right and 1.2 cm above 1 kg mass
Centre of Mass of Rigid
(d) 0.9 cm right and 2.0 cm above 1 kg mass
Continuous Bodies
Sol. (d) We choose origin as shown in the figure. A body is said to be a rigid body when it has perfectly
Y definite shape and volume.
The distance between all points of particles of such a
body do not change, while applying any force on it.
(0, 4) m3=2.5 kg
Since, a real rigid body contains so many particles
(atoms) that we can treat it as a continuous distribution
4 cm 5 cm of matter. The particles then become differential mass
elements dm, and the coordinates of the centre of mass
m1=1 kg 3 cm (3, 0) are defined as
X 1
Mò
(0, 0) m2=1.5 kg xCM = x dm
1
Mò
m1x1 + m2x2 + m3 x3 yCM = y dm
Using xCM = , we have
m1 + m2 + m3 1
Mò
zCM = z dm
1 ´ 0 + 1.5 ´ 3 + 2.5 ´ 0
xCM = = 0.9 cm
1 + 1.5 + 2.5
Centre of Mass 207

For uniform objects which have uniform density or mass ● Centre of mass of a uniform rod is located at its
per unit volume, we have mid-point.
dm M
r= =
dV V
CM
where dV is the volume occupied by a mass element dm
and V is the total volume of the object. Thus, we find that Example 4. Find the centre of mass of a uniform
1
V ò
xCM = x dV semicircular ring of radius R and mass M.
2R 3R
1 (a) 0 , 2 pR (b) 0 , (c) 0 , (d) 0 , pR
V ò
yCM = y dV p p

1 Sol. (b) Consider the centre of the ring as origin. Let a differential
V ò
zCM = z dV element of length dl of the ring whose radius vector makes an
angle q with the X-axis. If the angle subtended by the length dl is
Centre of Mass of Different Rigid Bodies dq at the centre, then dl = R dq.
● For a uniform rectangular, square or circular plate, CM Let l be the mass per unit length.
lies at its centre. Y
dθ
Rdθ
R

θ X
CM CM
CM Rsinθ Rcosθ

● Centre of mass of a uniform semicircular ring lies at Then, mass of this element is dm = l R dq
2R
a distance of h = from its centre, on the axis of 1 p
p X CM = ò (R cos q) l R dq = 0
m 0
symmetry, where R is the radius of the ring.
1 p
Þ YCM = ò (R sin q) × lR dq
m 0
R CM
2R lR 2 p lR 2
[ - cos q]0p
m ò0
π or = sin q d q =
l pR
O
● For a uniform semicircular disc of radius R, CM lies 2R
Þ YCM =
4R p
at a distance of h = from the centre on the axis of p
3p As, m = ò l R dq = 2 p R
0
symmetry as shown in the following figure.
Example 5. A rod of length L has non-uniform linear mass
2
R CM æ xö
4R density given by r( x) = a + b ç ÷ , where a and b are constants
3π èLø
O and 0 £ x £ L. The value of x for the centre of mass of the rod
● Centre of mass of a hemispherical shell of radius R is at [JEE Main 2020]
lies at a distance of h = R/ 2 from its centre on the axis 3 æ 2a + b ö 4æ a+b ö
of symmetry as shown in the following figure.
(a) ç ÷L (b) ç ÷L
4 è 3a + b ø 3 è 2a + 3b ø
3æ a+b ö 3 æ 2a + b ö
R CM (c) ç ÷L (d) ç ÷L
R 2 è 2a + b ø 2 è 3a + b ø
2
O Sol. (a) For a continuous mass distribution,
For a solid hemisphere of radius R, CM lies at a
ò xdm
●

3R xCM =
distance of h = from its centre on the axis of
8 ò dm
symmetry. Y
dx
x
R CM 3R
8 O X
O L
208 JEE Main Physics

Here, mass of an elemental length dx of rod, Example 6. Find the position of centre of mass of the
é æ xö ù
2 uniform lamina shown in figure is
dm = rdx = ê a + bç ÷ údx
êë èLø ú Y
û
L æ bx2 ö
ò0 xç a +
è L2 ø
÷dx
a
So, xCM = O X
L æ bx2 ö
ò0 ça +
è L2 ø
÷dx

Læ b x3 ö æ a ö æa ö æa aö
(a) ç - , 0 ÷ (c) ç , 0 ÷ (d) ç , - ÷
ò0 è
ç ax +
L2 ø
÷dx è 6 ø
(b) (0, 0)
è6 ø è6 6ø
=
Læ b x2 ö Sol. (a) Here, A1 = area of complete circle = pa2
ò0 è L2 ÷ødx
ç a +
2
æ aö p a2
and A2 = area of small circle = p ç ÷ =
L è2ø 4
é æ ax2 b x4 ö ù
êç + 2 × ÷ú ( x1, y1) = coordinates of centre of mass of large circle = (0 , 0)
êë è 2 L 4 ø úû
= 0 æa ö
L and ( x2, y 2) = coordinates of centre of mass of small circle = ç , 0 ÷ .
éæ bx3 ö ù è2 ø
ê ç ax + 2 ÷ ú A1x1 - A2x2
êë è 3L ø úû 0 Using xCM =
A1 - A2
aL2 bL2
+ - p a2 æ a ö æ 1ö
ç ÷ -ç ÷
= 2 4
4 è2ø è8ø a
bL We get, xCM = = a =-
aL + 2 pa
2
æ3ö 6
3 pa - ç ÷
4 è 4ø
æ a b ö
ç + ÷ and y CM = 0 as y1 and y 2 both are zero. Therefore, the coordinates
=ç 2 4 ÷L æ a ö
ça+ b÷ of centre of mass of the lamina shown in figure are ç - , 0 ÷ .
è è 6 ø
3ø
3 æ 2a + b ö
So, xCM = ç ÷L
4 è 3a + b ø
Motion of Centre of Mass
Consider the motion of a system of n particles of
individual masses m1 , m2 , K , mn and total mass M. It is
Position of Centre of Mass after Removal of a assumed that no mass enters or leaves the system during
Part from a Rigid Body its motion, so that M remains constant. Then, velocity of
If some mass or area is removed from a rigid body, then centre of mass is
m v + m2v 2 + ¼ + mn v n
the position of centre of mass of the remaining portion is vCM = 1 1
obtained from the following formulae. m1 + m2 + ¼ + mn
n
m r - m2r2 mi v i
rCM = 1 1 or vCM = å
m1 - m2 i =1 M

A1r1 - A2r2 Acceleration of the centre of mass is

or rCM = m a + m2a2 + ... + mn an
A1 - A2 aCM = 1 1
M
In terms of coordinates, n
mia i
or aCM = å
m x - m2x2 A x - A2x2
xCM = 1 1 or xCM = 1 1 i =1 M
m1 - m2 A1 - A2 Further, in accordance with Newton’s second law of
m y - m2 y2 A y - A2 y2 motion, F = ma.
\ yCM = 1 1 or yCM = 1 1
m1 - m2 A1 - A2 We can write, force on centre of mass is
m z - m2z 2 A z - A2z 2 n
= 1 1 or z CM = 1 1
and zCM
m1 - m2 A1 - A2 FCM = å Fi
i =1
Here, m1 , A1 , r1 , x1 , y1 and z1 are the values for the mass of
If total net force acting on a system of particles is zero, then
the whole body before the mass has been removed while
aCM = 0. Hence, in the absence of any net external force
m2, A2 , r2 , x2 , y2 and z 2 are the values for the mass which
acting on a system, the centre of mass of the system is either
has been removed.
at rest or in uniform motion along a given straight line.
Centre of Mass 209

Example 7. Four particles A, B, C and D with masses (ii) Inelastic Collision A collision is said to be
mA = m, mB = 2m, mC = 3m and mD = 4m are at the corners of inelastic, if only linear momentum remains
a square. They have accelerations of equal magnitude with conserved and not the kinetic energy, the collision is
directions as shown in the figure. The acceleration of the said to be perfectly inelastic, if approaching
centre of mass of the particles (in ms-2 ) is [JEE Main 2019] particles permanently stick to each other and move
Y
with a common velocity.
a
B
C
a Elastic Collision in One Dimension
Let the two balls of mass m1and m2, collide each other
X
elastically with velocities u1 and u 2 in the directions
shown as in Fig. (a). Their velocities become v1 and v2
a A D
after the collision along the same line.
m2 m1
a u2 u1
a
(a) ( $i - $j) (b) a( $i + $j)
5 (a)
a Before collision
(c) zero (d) ( $i + $j)
5 m2 m1
v2 v1
Sol. (a) For a system of discrete masses, acceleration of centre of
mass (CM) is given by (b)
m a + mBa B + mC a C + mDa D After collision
a CM = A A
mA + mB + mC + mD
Since, in a perfectly elastic collision, total energy and
a^
j

total linear momentum of colliding particles remains

a^
i
mB=2m

B mC=3m conserved, then

C
Relative velocity of approach = Relative velocity of
separation, i.e. u1 - u 2 = v2 - v1
æ m - m2 ö æ 2m2 ö
Þ v1 = ç 1 ÷ u1 + ç ÷ u2 …(i)
è m1 + m2 ø è m1 + m2 ø
mD=4m

A
m A=m D æ 2m1 ö æ m2 - m1 ö
– a^
i and v2 = ç ÷ u1 + ç ÷ u2 …(ii)
– a^
j è m1 + m2 ø è m1 + m2 ø

where, mA = m, mB = 2m, mC = 3m and mD = 4m, Special Cases of Elastic Collision in

|a A| = |a B| = |a C| = |a D| = a (according to the question)
One Dimension
-ma $i + 2ma$j + 3ma $i - 4ma$j
aCM = ● If m1 = m2 , then from Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
m + 2m + 3m + 4m
v1 = u 2 and v2 = u1
2a $i - 2a$j
= i.e. when two particles of equal mass collide elastically
10
a $ $ and the collision is head on, they exchange their
= × ( i - j) ms -2 velocities.
5
● If m1 > > m2 and u1 = 0, then
Note Centre of mass is not the geometric centre.
m2
»0
m1
Collision
Now, we get
The physical interaction of two or more bodies in which
equal and opposite forces act upon each other causing the v1 » 0 and v2 » - u 2
exchange of energy and momentum is called collision. i.e. The particle of mass m1 remains at rest while the
particle of mass m2 bounces back with same velocity.
Types of Collision ● If m2 > > m1 and u1 = 0
Collision between two bodies may be classified in two Now, we get, v1 » 2u 2 and v2 » u 2
ways
i.e. The mass m1 (lighter particle) moves with velocity
(i) Elastic Collision A collision is said to be elastic, if 2u 2, while the velocity of mass m2 (heavier particle)
total linear momentum and kinetic energy remains remains same.
conserved before and after collision.
210 JEE Main Physics

Example 8. Two particles of mass m and 2m moving in Inelastic Collision in One Dimension
opposite directions collide elastically with velocities v and 2v.
In an inelastic collision, the total linear momentum as well
Find their velocities after collision. as total energy remain conserved but total kinetic energy
(a) 0, 3v (b) 3v, 0 (c) 3v , 3v (d) 0, 0 after collision is not equal to kinetic energy before collision.
Sol. (b) Here, u1 = - v ,u2 = 2v ,m1 = m and m2 = 2m For inelastic collision,
v1 v2 v
2v v m1 m2 m1 m2
2m m +ve
Before collision v2=0 After collision

Substituting these values in Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get m1v1

æ m - 2m ö æ 4m ö Common speed, v =
v1 = ç ÷ ( - v) + ç ÷ (2v) m1 + m2
è m + 2m ø è m + 2m ø
m1m2( v1 - v2 )2
v 8v and loss of kinetic energy, DK =
or v1 = + = 3v 2( m1 + m2 )
3 3
æ 2m - m ö æ 2m ö Here, v2 = 0
and v2 = ç ÷ (2v) + ç ÷ ( - v)
è m + 2m ø è m + 2m ø m1m2v12
\ DK =
2 2 2( m1 + m2 )
or v2 = v - v =0
3 3 which is a positive quantity. Therefore, kinetic energy is
3v lost mainly in the form of light, sound and heat.
2m m
Example 10. A block of mass 0.50 kg is moving with a
i.e. The second particle (of mass 2m) comes to a rest while the first speed of 2.00 ms-1 on a smooth surface. It strikes another
(of mass m) moves with velocity 3v in the direction shown in mass of 1.00 kg and then they move together as a single
figure. body. The energy loss during the collision is
(a) 0.16 J (b) 1.00 J
Example 9. In a collinear collision, a particle with an (c) 0.67 J (d) 0.34 J
initial speed v0 strikes a stationary particle of the same mass.
Sol. (c) From law of conservation of momentum, we have
If the final total kinetic energy is 50% greater than the original
m1v1 + m2v 2 = (m1 + m2) v
kinetic energy, the magnitude of the relative velocity between
the two particles after collision, is [JEE Main 2018] Given, m1 = 0.50 kg, v1 = 2 ms–1, m2 = 1 kg, v 2 = 0 [at rest]
v0 v0 v0 0.5 ´ 2 + 1 ´ 0 = 1.5 ´ v [assumed that 2 nd body is at rest]
(a) (b) 2 v 0 (c) (d)
4 2 2 2
Þ v=
3
Sol. (b) Final kinetic energy is 50% more than initial kinetic
energy \ DK = Kf - Ki
2
1 1 150 1 æ2ö
Þ mv 22 + mv12 = ´ mv 02 …(i) 1.5 ´ ç ÷
2 2 100 2 è3ø 22 2
m m = - (0.5) ´ = - J = -0.67 J
2 2 3
v0
So, energy lost is 0.67 J.
Before collision
m m Newton’s Law of Restitution
v1 v2
According to this law, the ratio of relative velocity of
separation after collision to the relative velocity of
After collision approach before collision remains constant,
Conservation of momentum gives v - v1
e= 2
mv 0 = mv1 + mv 2 u 2 - u1
v 0 = v 2 + v1 …(ii) where, e is called the coefficient of restitution and it is
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we have constant for two particular objects.
v12 + v 22 + 2v1v 2 = v 02 Following are few important points related to coefficient
-v 02 of restitution.
Þ 2v1v 2 = ● In general, 0 £ e £ 1
2
● e = 0, for completely inelastic collision, as both the
\ (v1 - v 2) 2 = (v1 + v 2) 2 - 4 v1v 2 = 2v 02
objects stick together and e = 1, for an elastic collision.
or vrel = 2v 0 ● If 0 < e < 1, the collision is said to be partially elastic.
Centre of Mass 211

● For head-on collision, the final velocities of the colliding Rebounding of a Ball on Collision with
bodies can be written as
the Floor
æ m - em2 ö (1 + e)m2 Speed of the ball after the nth rebound
v1 = ç 1 ÷ u1 + u2 ●

è 1
m + m 2 ø ( m1 + m2 ) vn = en v0 = en 2gh0
(1 + e)m1 æ m - em1 ö ● Height covered by the ball after the n th rebound
and v2 = u1 + ç 2 ÷ u2
( m1 + m2 ) è m1 + m2 ø h n = e 2n h 0
● Total distance (vertical) covered by the ball before it
Putting, e = 1, we will get formulae of v1 and v2 for an
stops bouncing
elastic collision.
æ 1 + e2 ö
Similarly, putting e = 0, we get formulae for inelastic H = h0 + 2h 1 + 2h 2 + 2h 3 + … = h0 ç ÷
collision. è 1 - e2 ø
● The loss in KE during an inelastic collision can be ● Total time taken by the ball before it stops bouncing
given as, T = t0 + t1 + t2 + t3 +…
1 m1m2 2 h0 2 h1 2 h2 2 h0 æ 1 + e ö
DK = (1 - e2 ) ( u1 - u 2 )2 = +2 +2 + ... = ç ÷
2 m1 + m2 g g g g è1 - eø
However, if the target is massive (i.e. m2 >> m1 ) and
u 2 = 0, then the lighter body loses all its kinetic energy. Two Dimensional or Oblique Collision
If the initial and final velocities of colliding bodies do not
Example 11. A ball of mass m moving with a speed v lie along the same line, then the collision is called two
makes a head-on collision with an identical ball at rest. The dimensional or oblique collision.
kinetic energy after collision of the balls is three-fourth the
In horizontal direction,
original kinetic energy. The coefficient of restitution (e) is
m1u1 cos a 1 + m2u 2 cos a 2 = m1v1 cos b1 + m2v2 cos b 2
1 1
(a) (b) Y m2
2 3
1 1 m1
(c) (d)
2 3 u1 v2
α1 β2
Sol. (c) From the law of conservation of momentum, X
α2 v1
mv = mv1 + mv 2 u2 β1 m1
or v = v1 + v 2 …(i)
v -v
which gives, e= 2 1 m2
v -0
m m
v In vertical direction,
m1u1 sin a 1 - m2u 2 sin a 2 = m1v1 sin b1 - m2v2 sin b 2
Before collision If m1 = m2 and a 1 + a 2 = 90°, then b1 + b 2 = 90°.
v2 v1 If a particle A of mass m1 moving along X-axis with a
speed u and makes an elastic collision with another
After collision stationary body B of mass m2. Then,
or v 2 - v1 = ev …(ii) v1
A
Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get m1

v + ev A u B α
v2 =
2 m1 m2 β

(1 - e) v
and v1 = m2
2 v2

3 mv 2
m é v (1 + e)
2 2
(1 - e) v 2 2ù
m1v1 sin a = m2v2 sin b
= ê + ú
4 2 2 ë 4 4 û
2 2 2
Example 12. After perfectly inelastic collision between
Þ 3 = (1 + e) + (1 - e) = 2 (1 + e ) two identical particles moving with same speed in different
1 directions, the speed of the particles becomes half the initial
Þ e2 =
2 speed. Find the angle between the two before collision.
1
or e= (a) 120° (b) 140° (c) 90° (d) 100°
2
212 JEE Main Physics

Sol. (a) Let q be the desired angle. Linear momentum of the Example 14. Two particles of equal mass m have
system will remain conserved. Hence, æ $i + $j ö
p 2 = p12 + p22 + 2p1p2 cos q respective initial velocities u $i and u ç ÷. They collide
è 2 ø
v
2m completely inelastically. The energy lost in the process is
m v [JEE Main 2020]
θ 2
m 3 2 1 1
(a) mu 2 (b) mu 2 (c) mu 2 (d) mu 2
4 3 3 8
v
ì æ v öü
2 Sol. (d) Collision between particles are as shown in the figure.
2 2
or í2m çè ÷øý = (mv) + (mv) + 2(mv)(mv) cos q m
î 2 þ ui
or 1 = 1 + 1 + 2 cos q Before
u (i+j/2)
1
or cos q = - collision
2 m
\ q = 120°
v
2m After collision, both
Example 13. A particle of mass m is moving with speed 2v particles stuck as they
and collides with a mass 2m moving with speed v in the same collided inelastically
direction. After collision, the first mass is stopped completely
From momentum conservation, we have
while the second one splits into two particles each of mass m,
æ $i + $j ö
which move at angle 45º with respect to the original m(u$i) + muç ÷ = 2mv
direction. The speed of each of the moving particle will be è 2 ø
[JEE Main 2019] æ $i + $j ö 3 $ 1 $
u$
(a) 2v (b)
v Þ v= i + uç ÷ = u i + uj
2
2 è 4 ø 4 4
v Initial kinetic energy of particles,
(c) (d) 2 2 v 2
(2 2) 1 1 æ u ö
K1 = mu 2 + m ç ÷
2 2 è 2ø
Sol. (d) According to the questions,
1 1 3
Initial condition, = mu 2 + mu 2 = mu 2
2 4 4
Final kinetic energy of combined particles,
1
K2 = (2m) v 2
Final condition, 2
v′ 2
m æ 3 2 2ö
1 æ ö æ1 ö
= ´ 2m ´ ç ç u÷ + ç u÷ ÷
m 45°
2 ç è4 ø è4 ø ÷
vf=0 è ø
45°
m
v′ 5
= mu 2
As we know that, in collision, linear momentum is conserved in 8
both x and y directions separately. Change in kinetic energy or energy lost
So, ( px)initial = ( px) final = K1 - K2
m(2v) + 2m(v) = 0 + mv ¢ cos 45º + mv ¢ cos 45º 3 5
2m = mu 2 - mu 2
Þ 4mv = v¢ 4 8
2 1
Þ v ¢ = 2 2v = mu 2
8
Centre of Mass 213

Practice Exercise
ROUND I Topically Divided Problems

Position of Centre of Mass 6. Four particles of mass 1 kg, 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg are
1. A cricket bat is cut at the location of its centre of placed at the corners A, B, C and D respectively of
mass as shown. Then, a square ABCD of edge X-axis and edge AD is
taken along Y-axis, the coordinates of centre of
mass in SI unit is
(a) (1, 1) m
(a) the two pieces will have the same mass
(b) (5, 7) m
(b) the bottom piece will have larger mass
(c) (0.5, 0.7) m
(c) the handle piece will have larger mass
(d) None of the above
(d) mass of handle piece is double the mass of bottom
piece 7. In the HCl molecule, the separation between the
nuclei of the two atoms is about 1.27 Å
2. Which of the following does the centre of mass lie (1 Å = 10-10 m). Find the approximate location of
outside the body? [NCERT Exemplar]
the centre of mass of the molecule, given that a
(a) A pencil (b) A shotput chlorine atom is about 35.5 times as massive as a
(c) A dice (d) A bangle hydrogen atom and nearly all the mass of an atom
3. The centre of mass of two particles with masses is concentrated in its nucleus. [NCERT]
4 kg and 2 kg located at (1,0,1) and (2,2,0) (a) rCM = 1.24 Å
respectively has coordinates. (b) rCM = 2.24 Å
(a) (1/3, 2/3, 2/3) (b) (4/3, 1/3, 1/3)
(c) rCM = 0.24 Å
(c) (2/3, 1/3, 1/3) (d) (4/3, 2/3, 2/3)
(d) rCM = 3.24 Å
4. Three rods of the same mass are placed as shown in
figure. What will be the coordinates of centre of mass 8. The centre of mass of three particles of masses
of the system? 1 kg, 2 kg and 3 kg is at (2, 2, 2). The position of the
(0, a) fourth mass of 4 kg to be placed in the system as
that the new centre of mass is at (0, 0, 0) is
(a) (- 3, - 3, - 3) (b) (- 3, 3, - 3) [EAMCET]
(c) (2, 3, - 3) (d) (2, - 2, 3)

O (a, 0) 9. Three particles of masses 50 g, 100 g and 150 g are

placed at the vertices of an equilateral triangle of
æa aö æ a a ö æa aö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷ (c) ( 2 a , 2 a ) (d) ç , ÷ side 1 m (as shown in the figure). The ( x, y)
è2 2ø è 2 2ø è3 3ø
coordinates of the centre of mass will be
[JEE Main 2019]
5. Which of the following points is the likely position Y
of the centre of mass of the system shown in figure? m3=150 g
[NCERT Exemplar]
Hollow sphere
Air

R/2 m1 = 50 g 60° m2=100 g

A
X
B 0 0.5 m 1.0 m
C æ 3 5 ö æ 7 3 ö
R/2 (a) ç m, m÷ (b) ç m, m÷
è 4 12 ø è 12 8 ø
Sand æ 7 3 ö æ 3 7 ö
(c) ç m, m÷ (d) ç m, m÷
(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D è 12 4 ø è 8 12 ø
214 JEE Main Physics

10. Three bricks each of length L and mass M are 14. A circular hole of radius 1 cm is cut-off from a disc
arranged from the wall as shown. The distance of of radius 6 cm. The centre of hole is 3 cm from the
the centre of mass of the system from the wall is centre of the disc. The position of centre of mass of
Wall
the remaining disc from the centre of disc is
3 1
(a) - cm (b) cm
35 35
3
L/4 (c) cm (d) None of these
10
L/2
L 15. The density of a non-uniform rod of length 1m is
L L 3 11 given by r ( x) = a (1 + bx2 ) where a and b are
(a) (b) (c) L (d) L constants and 0 £ x £ 1. The centre of mass of the rod
4 2 2 12
will be at [NCERT Exemplar]
11. The coordinates of centre of mass of a uniform flag 3 (2 + b) 4 (2 + b)
shaped lamina (thin flat plate) of mass 4 kg. (The (a) (b)
4(3 + b) 3 (3 + b)
coordinates of the same are shown in figure) are
[JEE Main 2020] 3 (2 + b) 4 (3 + b)
(0, 3) (2, 3) (c) (d)
4 (2 + b) 3 (2 + b)

(2, 2)
16. A non-uniform thin rod of length L is placed along
(1, 2) X-axis as such its one of ends is at the origin. The
linear mass density of rod is l = l 0 x. The distance
of centre of mass of rod from the origin is
L 2L
(0, 0)
(a) (b)
(1, 0) 2 3
(a) (1.25 m, 1.50 m) (b) (1 m, 1.75 m) L L
(c) (d)
(c) (0.75 m, 0.75 m) (d) (0.75 m, 1.75 m) 4 5

12. Look at the drawing given in the figure, which has 17. An L-shaped object made of thin rods of uniform
been drawn with ink of uniform line thickness. The mass density is suspended with a string as shown
mass of ink used to draw each of the two inner in figure. If AB = BC and the angle is made by AB
circles and each of the two line segments is m . The with downward vertical is q, then [JEE Main 2019]
mass of the ink used to draw the outer circle is 6 m .
The coordinates of the centres of the different parts A
are outer circle (0, 0) left inner circle ( - a, a), right z
inner circle ( a, a), vertical line (0, 0) and horizontal θ

line (0, - a). The y-coordinate of the centre of mass

of the ink in this drawing is B 90°
x
y

C
x
2 1
(a) tan q = (b) tan q =
3 2 3
a a a a
(a) (b) (c) (d) 1 1
10 8 12 3 (c) tan q = (d) tan q =
2 3
13. The distance of the centre of mass of the T-shaped
plate from O is Motion of Centre of Mass
8m 18. An isolated particle of mass m is moving in a
O horizontal plane (x-y), along the X-axis, at a certain
2m
height above the ground. It suddenly explodes into
3m 3m two fragments of masses m/4 and 3m/4. An instant
later, the smaller fragment is at y = +15 cm. The
6m

larger fragment at this instant is at

(a) y = – 5 cm (b) y = + 20 m
(c) y = + 5 cm (d) y = –20 cm
(a) 7 m (b) 2.7 m (c) 4 m (d) 1 m
Centre of Mass 215

19. Two identical particles move towards each other Collision in One Dimension
with velocity 2v and v, respectively. The velocity of
centre of mass is 24. Two equal masses m1 and m2 moving along the
(a) v (b)
v same straight line with velocities + 3 m/s and
3 - 5 m/s respectively collide elastically. Their
v velocities after the collision will be respectively
(c) (d) zero
2 (a) + 4 m/s for both
(b) - 3 m/s and + 5 m/s
20. Find the velocity of centre of the system shown in (c) - 4 m/s and + 4 m/s
the figure. (d) - 5 m/s and + 3 m/s
1 kg 2 ms–1
y 25. A large block of wood of mass M = 599
. kg is
hanging from two long massless cords. A bullet of
x′ x 2 kg mass m = 10 g is fired into the block and gets
30° embedded in it. The (block + bullet) then swing
upwards, their centre of mass rising a vertical
y′
2 ms–1 distance h = 9.8 cm before the (block + bullet)
pendulum comes momentarily rest at the end of its
æ2 + 2 3 ö $ 2 $ arc. The speed of the bullet just before collision is
(a) ç ÷ i- j (b) 4 $i
è 3 ø 3 (Take, g = 9.8 ms-2 ) [JEE Main 2021]

æ2 -2 3 ö $ 2 $
(c) ç ÷ i- j (d) None of these
è 3 ø 3

21. Consider a two particle system with particles

having masses m1 and m2 . If the first particles is h
m M
pushed towards the centre of mass through a
v
distance d, by what distance should the second
particle be moved, so as to keep the centre of mass (a) 841.4 m/s (b) 811.4 m/s
at the same position? (c) 831.4 m/s (d) 821.4 m/s
m2 m1
(a) d (b) d 26. A body of mass 2 kg makes an elastic collision with
m1 m1 + m2
a second body at rest and continues to move in the
m
(c) 1 d (d) d original direction but with one-fourth of its original
m2 speed. What is the mass of the second body?
[JEE Main 2019]
22. Two blocks A and B are connected by a massless
string (shown in figure). A force of 30 N is applied on (a) 1.5 kg (b) 1.2 kg
block B. The distance travelled by centre of mass in (c) 1.8 kg (d) 1.0 kg
2 s starting from rest is 27. A small block of mass M moves with velocity 5 ms -1
B towards an another block of same mass M placed at a
A distance of 2 m on a rough horizontal surface.
20 kg
10 kg F = 30 N Coefficient of friction between the blocks and
ground is 0.25. Collision between the two blocks is
Smooth elastic, the separation between the blocks, when
(a) 1 m (b) 2 m both of them come to rest, is (g = 10 ms -2 )
(c) 3 m (d) None of these (a) 3 m (b) 4 m
23. A particle of mass m moving with a velocity (c) 2 m (d) 1.5 m
(3 $i + 2 $j ) ms -1 collides with a stationary body of mass 28. A body of mass m1 moving with an unknown
M and finally moves with a velocity ( -2 i$ + $j ) ms -1. velocity of v1$i, undergoes a collinear collision with a
m 1
If = , then body of mass m2 moving with a velocity v2 $i. After
M 13
collision, m1 and m2 move with velocities of v3$i and
(a) the impulse received by M is m (5 $i + $j)
v4 $i , respectively. If m2 = 0.5m1 and v3 = 0.5 v1, then
1
(b) the velocity of the M is (5 $i + $j) v1 is [JEE Main 2019]
13 v2
11 (a) v4 + v2 (b) v4 -
(c) the coefficient of restitution 4
17 v2
(c) v4 - (d) v4 - v2
(d) All of the above are correct 2
216 JEE Main Physics

29. An a-particle of mass m suffers one-dimensional 34. A block of mass 1.9 kg is at rest at the edge of a
elastic collision with a nucleus at rest of unknown table of height 1 m. A bullet of mass 0.1 kg collides
mass. It is scattered directly backwards losing 64% with the block and sticks to it. If the velocity of the
of its initial kinetic energy. The mass of the nucleus bullet is 20 m/s in the horizontal direction just
is [JEE Main 2019] before the collision, then the kinetic energy just
(a) 1.5 m (b) 4 m before the combined system strikes the floor, is
(c) 3.5 m (d) 2 m (Take, g = 10 m/s2 and assume there is no
rotational motion and loss of energy after the
30. A thick uniform bar lies on a frictionless horizontal collision is negligible) [JEE Main 2020]
surface and is free to move in any way on the
surface. Its mass is 0.16 kg and length is 1.7 m. (a) 20 J (b) 19 J (c) 21 J (d) 23 J
Two particles each of mass 0.08 kg are moving on 35. In an elastic head on collision between two
the same surface and towards the bar in the particles,
direction perpendicular to the bar, one with a (a) velocity of separation is equal to the velocity of
velocity of 10 ms -1 and other with velocity 6 ms -1. approach
If collision between particles and bar is completely (b) velocity of the target is always more than the
inelastic, both particles strike with the bar velocity of the projectile
simultaneously. The velocity of centre of mass after (c) the maximum velocity of the target is double to
collision is that of the projectile
(a) 2 ms -1 (b) 4 ms -1 (d) maximum transfer of kinetic energy occurs when
(c) 10 ms -1 (d) 167 ms -1 masses of both projectile and target are equal
31. In the given figure four, identical spheres of equal 36. A sphere of mass m moving with a constant
mass m are suspended by wires of equal length l0 , velocity v hits another stationary sphere of same
so that all spheres are almost touching to one mass. If e is the coefficient of restitution, then the
other. If the sphere 1 is released from the ratio of velocity of two spheres after collision will be
horizontal position and all collisions are elastic, the 1-e 1+ e e+ 1 e-1 2
velocity of sphere 4 just after collision is (a) (b) (c) (d) t
1+ e 1-e e-1 e+ 1
37. A particle of mass m collides with another
stationary particle of mass M. If the particle m stops
just after collision, the coefficient of restitution for
collision is equal to
m M -m m
1 2 3 4 (a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
M M +m M +m
(a) 2 gl0 (b) 3 gl0 38. In a one dimensional collision between two
g l0 identical particles A and B, where B is stationary
(c) gl0 (d) and A has momentum p before impact. During
2
impact B gives an impulse J to A. Then coefficient
32. A body of mass 1 kg falls freely from a height of of restitution between the two is
100 m on a platform of mass 3 kg which is 2J 2J
mounted on a spring having spring constant (a) -1 (b) +1
p p
k = 1.25 ´ 106 N/m. The body sticks to the platform
J J
and the spring’s maximum compression is found to (c) +1 (d) -1
be x. Given that g = 10 ms -2 , the value of x will be p p
close to [JEE Main 2019] 39. Three identical blocks A, B and C are placed on
(a) 8 cm (b) 4 cm horizontal frictionless surface. The blocks A and C
(c) 40 cm (d) 80 cm are at rest. But A is approaching towards B with a
33. A man (mass = 50 kg) and his son (mass = 20 kg) speed 10 ms–1. The coefficient of restitution for all
are standing on a frictionless surface facing each collisions is 0.5. The speed of the block C just after
other. The man pushes his son, so that he starts collision is
moving at a speed of 0.70 ms -1 with respect to the
A B C
man. The speed of the man with respect to the
surface is [JEE Main 2019]
(a) 11.25 ms–1 (b) 6 ms–1
(a) 0.28 ms -1 (b) 0.20 ms -1
(c) 8 ms–1 (d) 10 ms–1
(c) 0.47 ms -1 (d) 0.14 ms -1
Centre of Mass 217

40. A bullet of mass m hits a target of mass M hanging 46. A particle of mass m with an initial velocity u$i
by a string and gets embedded in it. If the block collides perfectly elastically with a mass 3m at rest.
rises to a height h as a result of this collision, the It moves with a velocity v $j after collision, then v is
velocity of the bullet before collision is given by [JEE Main 2020]
(a) v = 2 gh 2 1 u u
(a) v = u (b) v = u (c) v = (d) v =
æ mö 3 6 2 3
(b) v = 2 gh ç1 + ÷
è Mø
47. A smooth steel ball strikes a fixed smooth steel
æ Mö
(c) v = ç1 + ÷ 2 gh plate at an angle q with the vertical. If the
è mø coefficient of restitution is e, the angle at which
æ mö the rebounce will take place is
(d) v = 2 gh ç1 - ÷
è Mø æ tan q ö
(a) q (b) tan -1 ç ÷
è e ø
41. If a ball is dropped from rest, its bounces from the
æ e ö
floor. The coefficient of restitution is 0.5 and the (c) e tan q (d) tan -1 ç ÷
è tan q ø
speed just before the first bounce is 5 ms–1. The
total time taken by the ball to come to rest is 48. Particle A of mass m1 moving with velocity
(a) 2 s
( 3 $i + $j ) ms-1 collides with another particle B of
(b) 1 s
mass m2 which is at rest initially. Let v1 and v2
(c) 0.5 s
be the velocities of particles A and B after
(d) 0.25 s
collision, respectively. If m1 = 2m2 and after
42. A tennis ball bounces down flight of stairs striking collision v1 = ( $i + 3 $j) ms-1, then the angle between
each step in turn and rebounding to the height of v1 and v2 is [JEE Main 2020]
the step above. The coefficient of restitution has a (a) 15° (b) 60° (c) -45° (d) 105°
value
49. A mass m moves with a velocity v and collides
(a) 1/2 (b) 1
inelastically with another identical mass. After
(c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 2 2 v
collision, the 1st mass moves with velocity in a
43. Two bodies A and B of definite shape (dimensions of 3
bodies are not ignored). A is moving with speed of direction perpendicular to the initial direction of
10 ms–1 and B is in rest, collides elastically. The motion. Find the speed of the second mass after
(a) body A comes to rest and B moves with speed of collision.
10 ms -1 2 v
(a) v (b) 3v (c) v (d)
(b) they may move perpendicular to each other 3 3
(c) A and B may come to rest 50. A particle of mass m moving in the x-direction with
(d) they must move perpendicular to each other speed 2v is hit by another particle of mass 2m
moving in the y-direction with speed v. If the
Collision in Two Dimensions collision is perfectly inelastic, the percentage loss in
44. A ball moving with a certain velocity hits another the energy during the collision is close to
identical ball at rest. If the plane is frictionless and [JEE Main 2015]
collision is elastic, the angle between the directions (a) 44% (b) 50% (c) 56% (d) 62%
in which the balls move after collision, will be
(a) 30º (b) 60º
51. A particle of mass m is projected with a speed u
p
(c) 90º (d) 120º from the ground at an angle q = w.r.t. horizontal
3
45. A body at rest breaks up into 3 parts. If 2 parts (X-axis). When it has reached its maximum height,
having equal masses fly off perpendicularly each it collides completely inelastically with another
after with a velocity of 12 m/s, then the velocity of particle of the same mass and velocity u$i. The
the third part which has 3 times mass of each part horizontal distance covered by the combined mass
is before reaching the ground is [JEE Main 2020]
(a) 4 2 m/s at an angle of 45° from each body 3 3 u2 3 2 u2
(a) (b)
(b) 24 2 m/s at an angle of 135° from each body 8 g 4 g
(c) 6 2 m/s at 135° from each body 5 u2 u2
(d) 4 2 m/s at 135° from each body (c) (d) 2 2
8 g g
 ROUND II Mixed Bag

Only One Option is Correct 7. Three identical balls A, B and C are lying on a
1. A 10 kg object collides with stationary 5 kg object horizontal frictionless table as shown in figure. If
and after collision they stick together and move ball A is imparted a velocity v towards B and C and
forward with velocity 4 ms -1. What is the velocity the collisions are perfectly elastic, then finally
with which the 10 kg object hit the second one? v
(a) 4 ms–1 (b) 6 ms–1 A B C
(c) 10 ms–1 (d) 12 ms–1
2. A bullet of mass M hits a block of mass M ¢. The
energy transfer is maximum, when (a) ball A comes to rest and balls B and C roll out with
(a) M ¢ = M (b) M ¢ = 2 M speed v/2 each
(c) M ¢ << M (d) M ¢ >> M (b) balls A and B are at rest and ball C rolls out with
speed v
3. Two bodies having masses m1 and m2 and velocities (c) all the three balls roll out with speed v/3 each
u1 and u2 collide and form a composite system of (d) all the three balls come to rest
m1v1 + m2 v2 = 0 ( m1 ¹ m2 ). The velocity of the
composite system is
8. In the figure shown below, the magnitude of
acceleration of centre of mass of the system is
(a) zero (b) u1 + u 2
( Take, g = 10 ms -2 )
u1 + u 2
(c) u1 - u 2 (d)
2 µ = 0.2 5 kg

4. A gas molecule of mass m strikes the wall of the

container with a speed v at an angle q with the
normal to the wall at the point of collision. The
impulse of the gas molecule has a magnitude 5 kg
(a) 3mv (b) 2 mv cos q
(c) mv (d) zero (a) 4 ms -2 (b) 10 ms -2
-2
5. A system of three particles having masses m1 = 1 kg, (c) 2 2 ms (d) 5 ms -2
m2 = 2 kg and m3 = 4 kg respectively is connected
9. A piece of wood of mass 0.03 kg is dropped from the
by two light springs. The acceleration of the three
top of a 100 m height building. At the same time, a
particles at any instant are 1 ms–2, 2 ms–2 and
bullet of mass 0.02 kg is fired vertically upward
0.5 ms–2 respectively directed as shown in the
with a velocity 100 ms -1 from the ground. The
figure. The net external force acting on the system
bullet gets embedded in the wood. Then, the
is
maximum height to which the combined system
m1 m2 m3
reaches above the top of the building before falling
1 m/s2 2 m/s2 0.5 m/s2 below is (Take, g = 10 ms -2 ) [JEE Main 2019]

(a) 1 N (b) 7 N (c) 3 N (d) 6 N (a) 20 m (b) 30 m

(c) 10 m (d) 40 m
6. A loaded spring gun of mass M fires a shot of mass
m with a velocity v at an angle of elevation q . The 10. Two blocks of masses 10 kg and 4 kg are connected
gun was initially at rest on a horizontal frictionless by a spring of negligible mass and placed on a
surface. After firing, the centre of mass of gun-shot frictionless horizontal surface. An impulsive force
system gives a velocity of 14 ms–1 to the heavier block in
mv the direction of the lighter block. The velocity of
(a) moves with a velocity
M centre of mass of the system at that moment is
mv
(b) moves with a velocity in the horizontal 14 ms –1
M cos q
direction
10 kg 4 kg
(c) remains at rest
(M - m) v
(d) moves with velocity in the horizontal
(M + m) (a) 30 ms–1 (b) 20 ms–1
direction (c) 10 ms–1 (d) 5 ms–1
Centre of Mass 219

11. A particle is projected with 200 ms -1, at an angle of 15. Two carts on horizontal straight rails are pushed
60º. At the highest point, it explodes into three apart by an explosion of a powder charge Q placed
particles of equal masses. One goes vertically between the carts. Suppose the coefficient of
upward with velocity 100 ms -1, the second particle friction between carts and rails are identical. If the
goes vertically downward with the same velocity as 200 kg cart travels a distance of 36 m and stops,
the first. Then, what is the velocity of the third the distance covered by the cart weighing 300 kg is
particle? (a) 32 m (b) 24 m (c) 16 m (d) 12 m
(a) 120 ms–1 with 60º angle
16. The masses of five balls at rest and lying at equal
(b) 200 ms–1 with 30º angle
distances in a straight line are in geometrical
(c) 50 ms–1 vertically upwards
progression with ratio 2 and their coefficients of
(d) 300 ms–1 horizontally
restitution are each 2/3. If the first ball be started
12. An object of mass m1 collides with another object of towards the second with velocity u, then the
mass m2 , which is at rest. After the collision the velocity communicated to 5th ball is
objects move with equal speeds in opposite 2 3 4
5 æ5ö æ5ö æ5ö
direction. The ratio of the masses m2 : m1 is (a) u (b) ç ÷ u (c) ç ÷ u (d) ç ÷ u
9 è9ø è9ø è9ø
[JEE Main 2021]
(a) 3 : 1 (b) 2 : 1 (c) 1 : 2 (d) 1 : 1 17. Consider a rubber ball freely falling from a height
h = 4.9 m onto a horizontal elastic plate. Assume
13. Two bodies of masses m1 and m2 ( m1 > m2 )
that the duration of collision is negligible and the
respectively are tied to the ends of a massless
collision with the plate is totally elastic. Then the
string, which passes over a light and frictionless
velocity as a function of time and the height as
pulley. The masses are initially at rest and then
function of time will be
released. Then acceleration of the centre of mass of
v v
the system is +v1
v1
(a) (b)
O t
O t
–v1

v
v
+v1
a2 T +v1
(c) O 3t1 (d) O 3t1
t t
t1 2t1 4t1 t1 2t1 4t1
m2
–v1 –v1
T

m1 18. A ball strikes a horizontal floor at an angle q = 45°.

2 2 The coefficient of restitution between the ball and
æ m - m2 ö æ m - m2 ö the floor is e = 1/2. The fraction of its kinetic energy
(a) ç 1 ÷ g (b) ç 1 ÷
è m1 + m2 ø è m1 + m2 ø lost in collision is
(c) g (d) zero (a) 5/8 (b) 3/8
(c) 3/4 (d) 1/4
14. Three identical sphere lie at rest along a line on a
smooth horizontal surface. The separation between 19. A ball falls freely from a height of 45 m. When the
any two adjacent spheres is L. The first sphere is ball is at a height of 25m, it explodes into two equal
moved with a velocity u towards the second sphere pieces. One of them moves horizontally with a
at time t = 0. The coefficient of restitution for speed of 10 ms–1. The distance between the two
collision between any two blocks is 1/3. Then choose pieces when both strike the ground is
the correct statement. (a) 10 m (b) 20 m
5L (c) 15 m (d) 30 m
(a) The third sphere will start moving at t =
2u 20. A set on n identical cubical blocks lies at rest
4L parallel to each other along a line on a smooth
(b) The third sphere will start moving at t =
u horizontal surface. The separation between the
(c) The centre of mass of the system will have a final near surface of any two adjacent block is L. The
speed u/3. block at one end is given a speed v towards the next
(d) The centre of mass of the system will have a final one at time t = 0. All collisions are completely
speed u inelastic, then
220 JEE Main Physics

(n - 1) 24. A uniform rectangular thin sheet ABCD of mass M

(a) the last block starts moving at t = L
v has length a and breadth b, as shown in the figure.
n (n - 1) L
(b) the last block starts moving at t = If the shaded portion HBGO is cut-off, the
2v coordinates of the centre of mass of the remaining
(c) the centre of mass of the system will have a final portion will be [JEE Main 2019]
speed v (0, b) (a , b )
(d) the centre of mass of the system will have a final H
A B
speed zero a b
2 2
21. A block C of mass m is moving with velocity v0 and
E G
collides elastically with block A of mass m and O
connected to another block B of mass 2m through
spring constant k. What is k? If x0 is compression of
D C
spring when velocity of A and B is same. (0, 0) F (a, 0)

C v0 A B æ 2a 2b ö æ 5a 5b ö
(a) ç , ÷ (b) ç , ÷
è 3 3ø è 12 12 ø

mv02 mv02 æ 3a 3b ö æ 5a 5b ö
(a) (b) (c) ç , ÷ (d) ç , ÷
è 4 4ø è 3 3ø
x02 2x02
3 mv02 2 mv02 25. A particle of mass m is dropped from a height h
(c) (d)
2 x02 3 x02 above the ground. At the same time another
particle of the same mass is thrown vertically
22. The position vector of the centre of mass rCM of an upwards from the ground with a speed of 2gh. If
asymmetric uniform bar of negligible area of they collide head-on completely inelastically, then
cross-section as shown in figure is [JEE Main 2019] the time taken for the combined mass to reach the
h
ground, in units of is [JEE Main 2020]
g
2m 1 1 3 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 4
L m
m 26. Three blocks A, B and C are lying on a smooth
L 2L 3L horizontal surface as shown in the figure. A and B
have equal masses m while C has mass M. Block A
13 5 is given an initial speed v towards B due to which it
(a) r = L x$ + L y$
8 8 collides with B perfectly inelastically. The combined
11 3 5
(b) r = L x$ + L y$ mass collides with C, also perfectly inelastically th
8 8 6
3 11 of the initial kinetic energy is lost in whole process.
(c) r = L x$ + Ly
$ M
8 8 What is value of ?
5 13 m [JEE Main 2019]
(d) r = L x$ + Ly
$
A B C
8 8
m m M
23. Blocks of masses m, 2m, 4m and 8m are arranged
in a line on a frictionless floor. Another block of (a) 4 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 5
mass m, moving with speed v along the same line
(see figure) collides with mass m in perfectly 27. A simple pendulum is made of a string of length l
inelastic manner. All the subsequent collisions are and a bob of mass m, is released from a small angle
also perfectly inelastic. By the time, the last block q 0 . It strikes a block of mass M, kept on a
of mass 8m starts moving, the total energy loss is horizontal surface at its lowest point of oscillations,
p% of the original energy. Value of p is close to elastically. It bounces back and goes up to an angle
[JEE Main 2020] q 1. Then, M is given by [JEE Main 2019]
v
æ q + q1 ö m æ q0 - q1 ö
(a) m ç 0 ÷ (b) ç ÷
è q0 - q1 ø 2 è q0 + q1 ø
m m 2m 4m 8m
æ q - q1 ö m æ q0 + q1 ö
(a) 77 (b) 87 (c) 94 (d) 37 (c) m ç 0 ÷ (d) ç ÷
è q0 + q1 ø 2 è q0 - q1 ø
Centre of Mass 221

28. Two particles of masses M and 2M, moving as centre of mass of the remaining portion from O is
a
shown, with speeds of 10 m/s and 5 m/s, collide - , value of X (to the nearest integer) is ……… .
elastically at the origin. After the collision, they X
[JEE Main 2020]
move along the indicated directions with speed v1
and v2 are nearly [JEE Main 2019]

M 2M a
v1
10 m/s
O
30° 30°
d
45° 45° l=a/2

5m/s
v2
33. Two bodies of the same mass are moving with the
2M M
same speed, but in different directions in a plane.
(a) 6.5 m/s and 3.2 m/s (b) 3.2 m/s and 6.3 m/s
They have a completely inelastic collision and move
together thereafter with a final speed which is half
(c) 3.2 m/s and 12.6 m/s (d) 6.5 m/s and 6.3 m/s
of their initial speed. The angle between the initial
29. As shown in figure, when a spherical cavity velocities of the two bodies (in degree) is ............
(centred at O) of radius 1 is cut out of a uniform [JEE Main 2020]
sphere of radius R (centred at C), the centre of mass
34. A particle of mass m is moving along the X-axis
of remaining (shaded) part of sphere is at G, i.e. on
with initial velocity u$i. It collides elastically with a
the surface of the cavity. R can be determined by
particle of mass 10 m at rest and then moves with
the equation
half its initial kinetic energy (see figure). If
R sin q 1 = n sin q 2 , then value of n is …..… .
[JEE Main 2020]
m
1
θ1
G
C O m ^ 10 m θ2
ui
10 m

[JEE Main 2020] 35. A ball of mass 10 kg moving After collision

(a) (R2 + R + 1) (2 - R) = 1 with a velocity 10 3 ms-1 Y

(b) (R2 + R - 1) (2 - R) = 1 along X-axis, hits another ball

of mass 20 kg which is at rest.
(c) (R2 - R - 1) (2 - R) = 1 X-axis
After collision, the first ball θ
(d) (R2 - R + 1) (2 - R) = 1 comes to rest and the second
one disintegrates into two
Numerical Value Questions equal pieces. One of the
30. The centre of mass of a solid hemisphere of radius pieces starts moving along
8 cm is x cm from the centre of the flat surface. Y-axis at a speed of 10 m/s. The second piece starts
Then, value of x is …… . [JEE Main 2020] moving at a speed of 20 m/s at an angle q (degree)
with respect to the X-axis. The configuration of
31. A body A, of mass m = 01
. kg has an initial velocity pieces after collision is shown in the figure. The
of 3 $i ms -1. It collides elastically with another body, value of q to the nearest integer is ……… [JEE. Main 2021]
B of the same mass which has an initial velocity of
5$j ms -1. After collision, A moves with a velocity
36. The disc of mass M with uniform Y
surface mass density s is shown in
v = 4( $i + $j ). The energy of B after collision is written
x the figure. The centre of mass of a
as J. The value of x is ……… .
the quarter disc (the shaded area) θ X
10 [JEE Main 2020]
x a x a
a is at the position , where x
32. A square shaped hole of side l = is curved out at a 3 p 3 p
2 is ……… .
a
distance d = from the centre O of a uniform (Round off to the nearest integer)
2
circular disc of radius a. If the distance of the (Here, a is an area as shown in the figure.)
[JEE Main 2021]
 Answers
Round I
1. (b) 2. (d) 3. (d) 4. (d) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (a) 8. (a) 9. (c) 10. (d)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (b) 14. (a) 15. (a) 16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (a) 19. (c) 20. (a)
21. (c) 22. (b) 23. (d) 24. (d) 25. (c) 26. (b) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (b) 30. (b)
31. (a) 32. (*) 33. (b) 34. (c) 35. (d) 36. (a) 37. (b) 38. (a) 39. (a) 40. (c)
41. (c) 42. (c) 43. (b) 44. (c) 45. (d) 46. (c) 47. (b) 48. (d) 49. (c) 50. (c)
51. (a)

Round II
1. (b) 2. (a) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c) 6. (c) 7. (b) 8. (c) 9. (d) 10. (c)
11. (d) 12. (a) 13. (a) 14. (a) 15. (c) 16. (d) 17. (c) 18. (b) 19. (b) 20. (b)
21. (d) 22. (a) 23. (c) 24. (b) 25. (c) 26. (a) 27. (a) 28. (d) 29. (a) 30. 3
31. 1 32. 23 33. 120 34. 10 35. 30 36. 4

Solutions
Round I 5. The position of centre of mass of the system shown in
1. Centre of mass is closer to massive part of the body, figure is likely to be at C. This is because lower part of
therefore the bottom piece of bat has larger mass. the sphere containing sand is heavier than upper part
2. Centre of mass of a bangle lies at the centre of the of the sphere containing air.
bangle, which is outside the body. mAX A + mB X B + mC X C + mDX D
6. XCM =
3. Here, m1 = 4 kg, m2 = 2 kg mA + mB + mC + mD

x1 = 1, y1 = 0, z1 = 1, x2 = 2, y2 = 2, z2 = 0 Y
The coordinates of centre are
D
m x + m2x2 4 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 2 4 C(1, 1)
x= 1 1 = = (0, 1)
m1 + m2 4+2 3
m1 y1 + m2y2 4 ´ 0 + 2 ´ 2 2
y= = =
m1 + m2 4+2 3
A X
m z + m2z2 4 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 0 2 (0, 0) B(1, 0)
z= 1 1 = =
m1 + m2 4+2 3
1 ´0 + 2 ´1 + 3 ´1 + 4 ´0
=
4. As shown in figure, centre of mass of respective rods are 1+2+3+4
at their respective mid-points. 2+3 1
= = = 0.5 m
Hence centre of mass of the system has coordinates 10 2
(XCM , YCM ), then
mAY A + mBYB + mCYC + mDYD
Similarly, YCM =
(0, a ) mA + mB + mC + mD
1 ´0 + 2 ´0 + 3 ´1 + 4 ´1
a a =
,
2 2 1+2+3+4
a
0, 7
2 = = 0.7 m
10
7. Let mass of hydrogen atom = m
O a (a , 0)
,0
2 \Mass of chlorine atom = 35.5m
a a CM
m´ + m ´ + m ´0 Cl
2 2 a
XCM = = 35.5 m
3m 3 m
a a 1.27 Å
m ´0 + m ´ + m ´
YCM = 2 2 =a Let hydrogen atom be at origin, i.e. position vector of
3m 3 it, r1 = 0.
Centre of Mass 223

\Position vector of chlorine atom, r2 = 1.27 ´10- 10 m m1 y1 + m2y2 + m3 y3

Similarly, YCM =
Position vector to centre of mass is given by m1 + m2 + m3
m r + m2 r2 3
rCM = 1 1 50 ´ 0 + 100 ´ 0 + 150 ´
m1 + m2 = 2 = 3m
m ´ 0 + 35.5 m ´ 1.27 ´ 10-10 50 + 100 + 150 4
=
m+ 35.5 m 10. From figure,
-10
35.5 ´ 1.27 ´ 10 Wall
=
36.5
= 1.235 ´ 10-10 m = 1.24 Å L/4
L/2
8. m1 = 1 kg, m2 = 2 kg, m3 = 3 kg
Position of centre of mass (2, 2, 2). L
m4 = 4 kg x1
x2
New position of centre of mass (0, 0 ,0). x3
For initial position,
m x + m2 x2 + m3 x3 L L L
xCM = 1 1 x1 = , x2 = + = L
m1 + m2 + m3 2 2 2
m1 x1 + m2 x2 + m3 x3 L L L 5L
2= x3 = + + =
1+2+3 2 4 2 4
M1x1 + M 2x2 + M3 x3
m1x1 + m2x2 + m3 x3 = 12 \ xCM =
Similarly, m1 y1 + m2 y2 + m3 y3 = 12 M1 + M 2 + M3
and m1 z1 + m2 z2 + m3 z3 = 12 L 5L
For new position, M´ + M ´L+ M ´
= 2 4
m x + m2 x2 + m3 x3 + m4x4 M+M+M
x¢CM = 1 1
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 11
ML
12 + 4 ´ x4 11
0= = 4 = L
1+2+3+4 3M 12

Þ 4x4 = -12 Þ x4 = -3 11. Given lamina consists of 2 parts I and II as shown in the
figure.
Similarly, y4 = -3 Þ z4 = -3
A (0, 3) E (1, 3) F (2, 3)
\ Position of fourth mass (- 3, - 3 , - 3).
9. The height of equilateral D is II
h = y3 = (1)2 - (0.5)2 = 3 /2 m I G (2, 2)
Thus, coordinates of three masses are (0, 0), (1, 0) D (1, 2)
æ 3ö
and ç0.5, ÷.
è 2 ø
Y B (0, 0) C (1, 0)
m3=150 g
As mass of uniform lamina is 4 kg, mass of part I is
x3=0.5 m, y3= √3 m m1 = 3 kg and mass of part II is m2 = 1 kg.
2
These masses can be assumed to be concentrated at
geometrical centres of sections I and II.
So, m1 = 3 kg has coordinates x1 = 0.5 m,
m1=50 g (m2=100 g) y1 = 1.5 m
X and m2 = 1 kg has coordinates x2 = 1.5 m,
(x1=0, y1=0) 0.5 m (x2=1 m, y2=0)
y2 = 2.5 m
m1x1 + m2x2 + m3 x3 Now, we use formula of centre of mass (CM) to find
Using, XCM = ,
m1 + m2 + m3 XCM and YCM.
50 ´ 0 + 100 ´ 1 + 150 ´ 0.5 m x + m2x2
= So, XCM = 1 1
50 + 100 + 150 m1 + m2
175 7 (3 ´ 0.5) + (1 ´ 1.5)
= = m = = 0.75 m
300 12 4
224 JEE Main Physics

m1 y1 + m2y2 15. Here, r (x) = a (1 + bx2)

and YCM =
m1 + m2
When b ® 0, (x) = a = constant, i.e. density of rod of
(3 ´ 1.5) + (1 ´ 2.5) length 1 m is constant. In that event, centre of mass of
= = 1 .75 m
4 rod would lie at 0.5 m , (i.e. at the centre of rod.)
m1 y1 + m2y2 + m3 y3 + m4 y4 + m5 y5 When we try b ®0 in all the four given options, we find
12. yCM =
m1 + m2 + m3 + m4 + m5 3 (2 + b) 6
choice (a) alone given x = = = 0.5
(6m)(0) + m(a ) + m(a ) + m(0) + m(- a ) a 4 (3 + b) 12
= =
6m + m + m + m + m 10 16. The mass of considered element is
13. Coordinate of centre of mass is given by
m1 x1 + m2 x2 dm
X CM =
m1 + m2 O
x dx
8m
O

A m1 2m dm = l dx = l 0x dx
1 1
ò 0 x dm ò 0 x (l0x dx)
3m 3m \ xCM = = 1
ò dm ò 0 l0x dx
6m

B m2
L
é x3 ù
l0 ê ú L3
l0
ë 3 û0 3 =2L
= =
2m é x2 ù
L
L2 3
Taking parts A and B as two bodies of same system. l0 ê ú l0
2 2
m1 = l ´ b ´ s = 8 ´ 2 ´ s = 16 s ë û0
m2 = l ´ b ´ s = 6 ´ 2 ´ s = 12 s 17. The given system of rods can be drawn using geometry
Choosing O as origin, as,
x1 = 1 m, x2 = 2 + 3 = 5 m
16 s ´ 1 + 12 s ´ 5 19
\ XCM = = B
16 s + 12 s 7
3a

a/2
4

a θ
= 2.7 m from O
(COM)1
14. For the calculation of the position of centre of mass,
a/2
cut-off mass is taken as negative. The mass of disc is
A′
A
a/4
O' B′
O

a (COM)2

m1 = pr12s C
= p (6)2s = 36 ps where, (COM)1 and (COM)2 are the centre of mass of
where s is surface mass density. both rods AB and AC, respectively.
The mass of cutting portion is So, in DA ¢ BB¢,
a
m2 = p (1)2s = ps A ¢ B¢ 4 1 1
tan q = = = or tan q =
m x - m2x2 A ¢ B 3a 3 3
xCM = 1 1
m1 - m2 4
Taking origin at the centre of disc, 18. Since there is no external force acting on the particle,
hence
x1 = 0, x2 = 3 cm m y + m2y2
36 ps ´ 0 - ps ´ 3 yCM = 1 1 = 0,
xCM = m1 + m2
36 ps - ps
æmö æ3mö
- 3ps 3 Hence,ç ÷ ´ (15) + ç ÷ (y ) = 0
= =- cm è4ø è 4 ø 2
35 ps 35 Þ y2 = - 5 cm
Centre of Mass 225

19. Let mass of each body be m. i. e. velocity of mass, m1 = - 5 m/s

m m and velocity of mass, m2 = + 3 m/s

1 2v v 2 25. From energy conservation
é after bullet gets embedded till the ù
m ´ 2v - mv v êsystem comes momentarily at restú
Þ vCM = = ë û
m+m 2 1 2
(M + m) g h = (M + m)v1
20. Here, m1 = 1 kg, v1 = 2 i$ 2
m2 = 2 kg, v2 = 2 cos 30° i$ - 2 sin 30° $j (where, v1 is velocity after collision)
\ v1 = 2 gh
m1v1 + m2v2
vCM = Applying momentum conservation, (just before and
m1 + m2
just after collision)
1 ´ 2 $i + 2 (2 cos 30° $i - 2 sin 30° $j) mv = (M + m)v1
=
1+2 æ M + mö
v=ç ÷v
2 i$ + 2 3 i$ - 2 $j æ 2 + 2 3 ö $ 2 $ è m ø 1
= =ç ÷ i- j
3 è 3 ø 3 6
= ´ 2 ´ 9.8 ´ 9.8 ´ 10-2
10 ´ 10-3
21. To keep applied centre of mass at the same position,
velocity of centre of mass is zero, so » 831.55 m/s
m1v1 + m2 v2 26. Given situation is as shown
=0
m1 + m2 At rest
v v/4 v′
m M m M
where, v1 and v2 are velocities of particles 1 and 2
14243 14243
respectively. Before collision After collision
dr dr é dr dr ù
Þ m1 1 + m2 2 = 0 êQ v1 = 1 and v2 = 2 ú Using momentum conservation law for the given
dt dt ë dt dt û system,
Þ m dr1 + m2 dr2 = 0 (Total momentum) before collision =
Let 2nd particle has been displaced by distance x. (Total momentum)after collision
md æ vö
Þ m1 (d ) + m2 (x) = 0 Þ x = - 1 Þ m(v) + M (0) = m ç ÷ + M (v¢) …(i)
m2 è4ø
(negative sign shows that both the particles have to Q e = 1 and
move in opposite directions.) v - v1
we know that, e=- 2
22. The acceleration of centre of mass is u2 - u1
F 30 v¢ - v / 4
aCM = = = 1 ms –2 Þ 1=-
mA + mB 10 + 20 0-v
1 1
\ s = aCM t 2 = ´ 1 ´ 22 = 2 m Þ v = v¢ - v /4
2 2
or v¢ = 5v / 4 …(ii)
23. (a) Impulse received by m
J = m (vf - vi ) Using value from Eq. (ii) into Eq. (i), we get
= m (-2 $i + $j - 3 i$ - 2 $j) mv æ 5v ö
mv = + Mç ÷
4 è4ø
= m (-5 $i - $j)
3 3
and impulse received by M M = m = ´ 2 = 1.2 kg
5 5
= - J = m (5i$ + $j)
27. Retardation due to friction
(b) mv = m (5 i$ + $j)
a = mg = (0.25) (10) = 2.5 ms –2
m $ $ 1
or v= (5 i + j) = (5 i$ + $j) Collision is elastic, i. e.after collision, first block comes to
M 13 rest and the second block acquires the velocity of first
(c) e = (relative velocity of separation/relative velocity block or we can understand it is this manner that
of approach) in the direction of - $j = 11 / 17 second block is permanently at rest while only the first
block moves. Distance travelled by it will be,
24. v1 = + 3 m/s v2 = –5 m/s
v2 (5)2
m1 m2 s= = =5 m
2 a (2) (2.5)
As m1 = m2, therefore after elastic collision, velocities of
\ Final separation will be (s - 2) = 3 m
masses get interchanged.
226 JEE Main Physics

28. Given, m2 = 0.5m1 mv1 + mv2

\ vCM =
Þ m1 = 2m2 2 m + m0
Let m2 = m, then, m1 = 2m 0.08 ´ 16 1.28 128
= = = = 4 ms –1
Also, v3 = 0.5v1 0.16 + 0.16 1.32 32
Given situation of collinear collision is as shown below. 31. When the sphere 1 is released from horizontal position,
Before collision, from energy conservation, potential energy at height
l0 = kinetic energy at bottom
2m m
v1 v2 1
or mgl0 = mv2 or v = 2 gl0
After collision, 2
Since, all collisions are elastic, so velocity of sphere 1 is
2m m transferred to sphere 2, then from 2 to 3 and finally
v3 v4
from 3 to 4. Hence, just after collision, the sphere 4
\ According to the conservation of linear momentum, attains a velocity to 2 gl0 .
Initial momentum = Final momentum
32. Initial compression of the spring,
m1v1$i + m2v2i$ = m1v3 $i + m2v4$i æ x ö
mg = kç 0 ÷ (x0 in cm)
Þ 2mv i$ + mv i$ = 2m(0.5v )i$ + mv i$
1 2 1 4 è 100 ø
Þ v4 = v1 + v2 3 ´ 10 ´ 100 3
Þ x0 = =
Þ v1 = v4 - v2 1.25 ´ 106 1250
29. We have following collision, where mass of a particle which is very small and can be neglected.
= m and mass of nucleus = M
v Applying conservation of momentum before and after
m M the collision, i.e. momentum before collision =
α momentum after collision.
α m ´ 2 gh = (m + M ) v
m M (Q Velocity of the block just before the collision is
v1 v2
v2 - 02 = 2 gh or v = 2 gh )
Let a-particle rebounds with velocity v1, then
After substituting the given values, we get
Given; final energy of a = 36% of initial energy
1 ´ 2 ´ 10 ´ 100 = 4v
1 1
Þ mv12 = 0.36 ´ mv2 or 4v = 20 5
2 2
Þ v1 = 0.6 v …(i) So, v = 5 5 m /s
As unknown nucleus gained 64% of energy of a, we Let this be the maximum velocity, then for the given
have system, using
1 1 1 1
Mv22 = 0.64 ´ mv2 mv2 = kx2
2 2 2 2
m 2
Þ v2 = ´ 0.8 v …(ii) 1 1 æ x ö
\ ´ 4 ´ 125 = ´ 1.25 ´ 106 ´ ç ÷
M 2 2 è 100 ø
From momentum conservation, we have x 2
mv = Mv2 - mv1 Þ 4 = 104 ´ 4
Substituting values of v1 and v2 from Eqs. (i) and (ii), 10
we have or x = 2 cm
m \ No option given is correct.
mv = M ´ 0.8 v - m ´ 0.6 v 33. The given situation can be shown as below
M
Þ M = 4m m1=50 kg
u1=0 m2=20 kg
30. Here, m = 0.08 kg, m0 = 0.16 kg
u2=0
According to conservation principle of momentum,
mv1 + mv2 = (2 m + m0 ) vCM µ=0
v1 Man Son
m
Before collision

m0 m1=50 kg
v1 m2=20 kg
vCM v2

µ=0

v2 Man Son
m After collision
Centre of Mass 227

Using momentum conservation law, v

v2 = (1 + e)
(Total momentum)before collision 2
= (Total momentum)after collision v1 æ 1 - e ö
\ =ç ÷
(m1 ´ 0) + (m2 ´ 0) = m1v1 + m2 v2 v2 è 1 + e ø
0 = m (- v )$i + m v $i
1 1 2 2 37. As net horizontal force acting on the system is zero,
Þ m1v1 = m2v2 hence momentum must remain conserved.
Hence, mu + 0 = 0 + Mv2
Þ 50v1 = 20v2 mu
Þ v2 =
Þ v2 = 2 .5v1 …(i) M
Again, relative velocity = 0.70 m/s As per definition,
But from figure, relative velocity = v1 + v2 (v - v ) v - 0
e= 2 1 = 2
\ v1 + v2 = 0.7 …(ii) (u2 - u1 ) 0 - u
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get mu
v2 m
v1 + 2 .5v1 = 0.7 = = M =
u u M
Þ v1 (3.5) = 0.7
0.7 38. Let p1 and p2 be the momenta of A and B after collision.
v1 = = 0.20 m/s
3.5 J J p2 p1
A p B A B A B
34. When the bullet undergoes an inelastic collision with
block, a part of KE of bullet is lost. Before collision After collision
u=20 ms–1
Then applying impulse = change in linear momentum
v
for the two particles
For B J = p1
h For A J = p - p2
or p2 = p - J
p1 - p2
Coefficient of restitution, e =
p
When bullet + block system falls from height h, its
total energy (kinetic + potential) becomes kinetic p1 - p + J
=
energy, so kinetic energy of bullet + block system at p
bottom just before collision is equal to total energy just J - p+ J
after collision. =
p
Now, by law of conservation of momentum, we have 2J
mu = (m + M )v = -1
mu 0.1 ´ 20 p
Þ v= = = 1 ms -1
m + M (0.1 + 1.9) 39. For collision between block A and B,
Total energy of bullet and block just after collision vB - vA
e=
1 uA - uB
= KE + PE = (m + M )v2 + (m + M ) gh
2 vB - vA vB - vA
1 = =
2
= ´ 2 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 10 ´ 1 10 - 0 10
2 \ vB - vA = 10 e = 10 ´ 0.5 = 5 …(i)
= 1 + 20 = 21 J
From principle of momentum conservation,
35. For elastic collision e = 1 and velocity of separation is
mAuA + mB uB = mAvA + mB vB
equal to velocity of approach.
or m ´ 10 + 0 = mvA + mvB
The velocity of the target may be more, equal or less
\ vA + vB = 10 …(ii)
than that of projectile depending on their masses.
The maximum velocity of target is double to that of Adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
projectile, when projectile is extremely massive as vB = 7.5 ms –1 …(iii)
compared to the target. Similarly, for collision between B and C,
Maximum kinetic energy is transferred from projectile vC - vB = 7.5 e = 7.5 ´ 0.5 = 3.75
to target when their masses are exactly equal.
\ vC - vB = 3.75 ms –1 …(iv)
36. Given, m1 = m2 = m, u1 = v and u2 = 0
Adding Eqs. (iii) and (iv), we get
v
v1 = (1 - e) vC = 11.25 ms -1
2
228 JEE Main Physics

40. If initial velocity of bullet be v, then after collision 45. The momentum of third part will be equal and opposite
combined velocity of bullet and target is of the resultant of momentum of rest two equal parts.
mv y
v¢ =
(M + m)
v¢2 12 m/s M
and h= or v¢ = 2 gh
2g 12 m/s
mv M x
\ = 2 gh
(M + m) 135°
M
æ M + mö æ Mö
Þ v=ç ÷ × 2 gh = ç1 + ÷ 2 gh
è m ø è mø v
v - v0
41. Acceleration, g = Let v be the velocity of third part.
t
By the conservation of linear momentum,
\ v=0
3 m ´ v = m ´ 12 2
Speed before first bounce
Þ v = 4 2 m/s
v0 = - 5 ms –1
v - vA 46. As collision is elastic as shown below, both momentum
\ t= B and KE are conserved.
g
0 - (-5) 5 v1=v^
j
= = = 0.5 s u1=u^
i u2=0
10 10
m 3m m 3m
42. As shown in the following figure, ball is falling from v2
height 2 h and rebounding to a height h only. It means Before collision After collision
that velocity of ball just before collision. Momentum conservation gives,
mu$i = mv$j + 3mv 2
h 1 $
Þ v2 = (ui - v$j)
3
u 2 + v2
Þ |v2| =
9
or v22 = (u 2 + v2) / 9 …(i)
Kinetic energy conservation gives,
2 (2 h ) 4h 1 1 1
u= = Þ mu 2 = mv2 + 3mv22
g g 2 2 2
and velocity just after collision. Þ u 2 = v2 + 3v22 …(ii)
2h Substituting value of v2 from Eq (i) into Eq (ii), we get
v=- u
g v=
2
2h
-v g 1 47. Since, no force is present along the surface, so
\ e= = = momentum conservation principle for ball is applicable
u 4h 2
along the surface of plate.
g
v1
43. (a) This is only possible when collision is head-on
elastic.
(b) When collision is oblique elastic, then in this case, θ2 θ1
both bodies move perpendicular to each other n
θ1
after collision.
(c) Since, in elastic collision, kinetic energy of system
remains constant so, this is not possible. v Plate
(d) The same reason as (b).
44. This is an example of elastic oblique collision. When a mv sin q1 = mv1 sin q2
moving body collides obliquely with another identical or v sin q1 = v1 sin q2
body at rest, then during elastic collision, the angle of v cos q2 v1 cos q2
e= 1 =
divergence will be 90°. v cos q1 v cos q
Centre of Mass 229

\ v1 = cos q2 = ev cos q
1 2
v1 sin q2 v sin q tan q
\ = = Before collision
v1 cos q2 ev cos q e v/√3 m
tan q 1 2 vx
\ tan q =
e
æ tan q ö vy
\ q2 = tan -1 ç ÷
è e ø After collision
In y-direction, apply conservation of momentum, we
48. Given that, u1 = ( 3 i$ + $j) m/s, u 2 = 0 get
v1 = ($i + 3 $j) m/s and m1 = 2m2 æ v ö
0 + 0 =m ç ÷ - mvy
Using conservation of linear momentum, è 3ø
pi = pf v
Þ vy =
3
m1u1 + m2u 2 = m1v1 + m2v2
Velocity of second mass after collision,
2m2( 3 i$ + $j) + m2(0) = 2m2(i$ + 3 $j) + m2v2 2
æ v ö 2 4 2 2
v¢ = ç ÷ +v = v or v ¢ = v
v2 = 2( 3 i$ + $j) - 2(i$ + 3 $j) è 3ø 3 3
= 2( 3 - 1)($i - $j) m/s 50. Consider the movement of two particles as shown below.
Let the angle between v1 and v2 be q, then
v1 × v2
cos q =
v1v2
Conserving linear momentum in x-direction
($i + 3 $j) × 2( 3 - 1)(i$ - $j) ( pi )x = ( pf )x
=
2 × 2 2 ( 3 - 1) or 2mv = (2m + m) vx
2
(Q v1 = 2 m/s, v2 = 2 2 ( 3 - 1) m/s) or vx = v
3
2( 3 - 1) - 2 3 ( 3 - 1) Conserving linear momentum in y-direction
=
4 2 ( 3 - 1) ( pi ) y = ( pf ) y
or 2mv = (2m + m) vy
2( 3 - 1)(1 - 3 ) 2
= or vy = v
4 2 ( 3 - 1) 3
1- 3 Initial kinetic energy of the two particles system is
cos q = = -0.259 1 1
2 2 Ei = m (2v)2 + (2m) (v)2
2 2
Þ q = 105° 1 1
= ´ 4mv2 + ´ 2mv2
Alternate solution 2 2
Directly observing the direction of v1 and v2. = 2mv2 + mv2 = 3mv2
y
v1 Final energy of the combined two particles system is
1
E f = (3m) (vx2 + vy2 )
60º 2
x
45º 1 é 4v2 4v2 ù
= (3m) ê + ú
2 ë 9 9 û
v2
3m é 8v2 ù 4mv2
æ 1 ö = ê ú=
q1 = tan -1 ç ÷ = 60 ° 2 ë 9 û 3
è 3ø
Loss in the energy DE = Ei - E f
Þ q2 = tan -1 (-1) = 45 °
é 4ù 5
\ q = q1 + q2 = 60 ° + 45 ° = 105 ° = mv2 ê3 - ú = mv2
ë 3û 3
49. In x-direction, apply conservation of momentum, we get
Percentage loss in the energy during the collision
mu1 + 0 = mvx
Þ mv = mvx DE (5 /3) mv2 5 ~ 56%
´ 100 = ´ 100 = ´ 100 -
Þ vx = v Ei 3mv2 9
230 JEE Main Physics

51. Collision is as shown in the figure. Feq m1a1 + m2a 2 + m3 a3

5. Q aCM = =
(m1 + m2 + m3 ) (m1 + m2 + m3 )
Particle 1
\ Feq = m1a1 + m2a 2 + m3 a3
ui
u cos π/3 . i = 1 ´ 1 + 2 ´ 2 + 4 ´ (-0.5) = 1 + 4 – 2 = 3 N
u Particle 2 6. Since gun-shot system is an isolated closed system, its
θ=π/3 centre of mass must remain at rest.
7. When two identical balls collide head-on elastically,
Velocity of the particle projected from origin at its they exchange their velocities. Hence when A collides
topmost point, with B, A transfers its whole velocity to B. When B
p u collides with C , B transfers its whole velocity to C.
u 2 = u cos × i$ = i$ Hence, finally A and B will be at rest and only C will be
3 2 moving forward with a speed v.
By conservation of momentum (velocity of combined 5 g - 5 mg
mass after collision (v)), we have 8. asystem = = 4 m/s 2
5+5
u
mu$i + m $i = 2mv m a + m2a 2 5 (4 $i ) + 5 (4 $j)
2 aCM = 1 1 =
3 m1 + m2 10
Þ v = u$i
4 5 42 + 42
= = 2 2 m /s 2
Time of fall of combined mass from hmax , 10
p 9. Velocity of bullet is very high compared to velocity of
u sin
u sin q 3 3 u wooden block so, in order to calculate time for collision,
t= = =
g g 2 g we take relative velocity nearly equal to velocity of
During this time, combined particle keeps on moving bullet.
3 So, time taken for particles to collide is
with a horizontal speed of|v| = u.
4 d 100
t= = = 1s
So, horizontal distance covered by combined mass vrel 100
before reaching the ground, Speed of block just before collision is,
3 3 u 3 3 u 2
v1 = gt = 10 ´ 1 = 10 ms - 1
R = speed × time = u´ = ×
4 2 g 8 g Speed of bullet just before collision is
v2 = u - gt
Round II = 100 - 10 ´ 1
1. As, m1 u1 + m2 u2 = (m1 + m2) v = 90 ms - 1
Let v = velocity of bullet + block system, then by
Þ 10 ´ u1 + 5 ´ 0 = (10 + 5) ´ 4 conservation of linear momentum, we get
15 ´ 4 - (0.03 ´ 10) + (0.02 ´ 90) = (0.05) v
Þ u1 =
10 Þ v = 30 ms - 1
= 6 ms -1 Now, maximum height reached by bullet and block is
2. If M = M ¢, then bullet will transfer whole of its velocity v2
h=
(and consequently 100% of its KE) to block and will 2g
itself come to rest as per theory of collision. 30 ´ 30
Þ h=
3. Since net momentum of the composite system is zero, 2 ´ 10
hence resultant velocity of the composite system should Þ h = 45 m
also be zero.
\ Height covered by the system from point of collision
4. In the following figure, it can be seen that the = 45 m
component of momentum along X-axis (parallel to the Now, distance covered by bullet before collision in 1 s.
wall of container) remains unchanged even after the 1
collision. = 100 ´ 1 - ´ 10 ´ 12 = 95 m
2
Distance of point of collision from the top of the
mv y θ θ m
v mv x building
= 100 - 95 = 5 m
v
m mv x \ Maximum height to which the combined system
mv y
reaches above the top of the building before falling
\ Impulse = change in momentum of gas molecule along below = 45 - 5 = 40 m.
Y -axis, i. e. in a direction normal to the wall = 2 mv cos q
Centre of Mass 231

10. At the time of applying the impulsive force on block of 14. First sphere will take a time t1 to start motion in second
10 kg pushes the spring forward but 4 kg mass is at rest. L
sphere on colliding with it, where t1 = .
Hence, u
m v + m2v2 10 ´ 14 + 4 ´ 0 Now speed of second sphere will be
vCM = 1 1 =
m1 + m2 10 + 4 u 2 æ 1ö
v2 = (1 + e) = u çQ e = ÷
140 2 3 è 3ø
= = 10 ms –1
14 Hence, time taken by second sphere to start motion in
11. At the highest point momentum of particle before L 3L
third sphere t2 = = .
explosion 2 /3 u 2 u
p = mv cos 60° L 3L 5L
1 \Total time t = t1 + t2 = + =
= m ´ 200 ´ = 100 m horizontally. u 2u 2u
2
15. Consider the two cart system as a single system. Due to
Now, as there is no external force during explosion,
explosion of power, total momentum of system remains
hence
unchanged, i. e. p1 + p2 = 0 or m1v1 = m2v2, hence
p = p1 + p2 + p3 = constant
v1 m2
However, since velocities of two fragments, of masses =
v2 m1
m/3 each, are 100 ms -1 downward and 100 ms -1
upward. As coefficient of friction between carts and rails are
Hence, p1 = - p2 identical, hence a1 = a 2 and at the time of stopping, final
or p1 + p2 = 0 velocity of cart is zero. Using equation v2 - u 2 = 2 as, we
have
m
p3 = × v3 = p = 100 m horizontally s1 v12 m22
3 = =
s2 v22 m12
v3 = 300 ms -1 horizontally
s1m12 36 ´ (200)2
12. Þ s2 = = = 16 m
m22 (300)2
v1 m1 m2
16. We know that velocity of 2nd ball after collision is given
m1 m2 v v by
u1 (1 + e) m1 (m - m1e)
v2 = + u2 2
(m1 + m2) (m1 + m2)
m1v1 = - m1v + m2v
m In present problem u2 = 0,m2 = 2 m1 and e = 2 / 3, hence
v1 = - v + 2 v
m1 æ 2ö
u ç1 + ÷ m1
(v1 + v) m2 è 3ø 5
= v2 = = u
v m1 (m1 + 2 m1 ) 9
2v As four exactly similar type of collisions are taking place
e= =1
v1 successively, hence velocity communicated to fifth ball
4
v= 1
v æ5ö
v5 = ç ÷ u
2 è9ø
v1 + v1 / 2 m2 m 1 2
= Þ 3= 2 17. h = gt (parabolic)
v1 / 2 m1 m1 2
Hence, the ratio of masses m2 : m1 is 3 : 1. v = - gt and after the collision v = gt (straight line).
æ m1 - m2 ö Collision is perfectly elastic, then ball reaches to same
13. In the pulley arrangement,|a1| = |a 2| = a = ç ÷g height again and again with same velocity.
è m1 + m2 ø
v v
but a1 is in downward direction and a 2 in the upward
direction, i. e. a 2 = - a1. +v1

\ Acceleration of centre of mass h

O t t
m a + m2a 2 1 2t1 3t1 4t1
aCM = 1 1
m1 + m2 –v1 t

æ m - m2 ö æ m - m2 ö 1
m1 ç 1 ÷ g - m2 ç 1 ÷g 18. Let ball strikes at a speed u, the K 1 = mu 2.
è m1 + m2 ø è m1 + m2 ø 2
=
(m1 + m2) Due to collision, tangential component of velocity
2
æ m - m2 ö remains unchanged at u sin 45°, but the normal
=ç 1 ÷ g 1
è m1 + m2 ø component of velocity change to u sin 45° = u cos 45°
2
232 JEE Main Physics

\ Final velocity of ball after collision L 2L 3L (n - 1 ) L n (n - 1 ) L

So, total time + + +¼ =
2 v v v v 2v
æ1 ö
v = (u sin 45° ) + ç u cos 45° ÷ Final velocity of the centre of mass of the system will be
è2 ø
v / n.
2 2
æ u ö æ u ö 5 21. Using law of conservation of linear momentum, we have
= ç ÷ +ç ÷ = u
è 2ø è2 2 ø 8 mv0 = mv + 2 mv
v
Hence, final kinetic energy Þ v= 0
3
1 5
K 2 = mv2 = mu 2 Using conservation of energy, we have
2 16
1 1 1
\ Fractional loss in KE mv02 = x20 + (3 m) v2
2 2 2
K - K2
= 1 where, x0 = compression in the spring.
K1
v2
1 5 \ mv02 = kx02 + (3 m) 0
mu 2 - mu 2 9
2 16 3
= = 2 mv02
1 2 8 Þ k=
mu
2 3 x02
19. Let at the time of explosion velocity of one piece of mass 22. For given system of rods, masses and coordinates of
m/2 is (10 $i ). If velocity of other be v2, then from centre of rods are as shown in the following figure.
conservation law of momentum (since there is no force y
in horizontal direction), horizontal component of v2,
must be -10 $i. (L , L )
\ Relative velocity of two parts in horizontal direction 2m
= 20 ms -1. (2L, L )
m 2
Time taken by ball to fall through 45 m, x
m ( 5L, 0)
2h 2 ´ 45
= 20 = = = 3s 2
g 10 æ 5L ö
ç 2mL + m2L + m ÷
and time taken by ball to fall through first 20 m, So, XCOM =ç 2 ÷ = 13 L
ç 4 m ÷ 8
2 h¢ 2 ´ 20 è ø
t¢ = = = 2s
g 10 L
2mL + m ´ + m ´0
Hence time taken by ball pieces to fall from 25 m height 2 5L
and YCOM = =
to ground = t - t ¢ = 3 - 2 = 1 s. 4m 8
\ Horizontal distance between the two pieces at the So, position vector of COM is
time of striking on ground = 20 ´ 1 = 20 m. rCOM = XCOMx$ + YCOM y
$
20. L L L 13 5
= Lx$ + Ly$
8 8
v
23. (Assume)
v at at at at v′
rest rest rest rest
Since, collision is perfectly inelastic, so all the block will m m 2m 4m 8m m m 2m 4m 8m
stick together one by one and move in a form of
Before first collision After last collision
combined mass.
L Since, all the collisions are perfectly inelastic, so after
Time required to cover distance (d ) by first block = . the final collision, all blocks will be moving together.
v
Let their final velocity be v¢.
Now first and second block will stick together and move
with v /2 velocity (by applying conservation of By law of conservation of linear momentum,
L 2L (p sys )i = (p sys )f
momentum) and combined system will take = to
v /2 v Þ mv + m(0) + 2m(0) + 4m(0) + 8m(0)
reach upto block third. = (m + m + 2m + 4m + 8m)v¢
Now, these three blocks will move with velocity v /3 and
L 3L Þ mv = 16mv¢
combined system will take time = to reach upto v
v/3 v Þ v¢ = …(i)
the fourth block. 16
Centre of Mass 233

Now, initial kinetic energy of system, \Using formula for centre of mass, we have
1 1 A x - A2x2
(K sys )i = mv2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = mv2 XCM = 1 1
2 2 A1 - A2
æ a ö ab æ 3a ö
And final kinetic energy of system, abç ÷ - ç ÷
è2ø 4 è 4 ø
1 =
(K sys )f = (m + m + 2m + 4m + 8m) (v¢ )2 ab
2 ab -
2
4
1 æ vö 8a 2b - 3a 2b
= ´ 16m ´ ç ÷
2 è 16 ø 16 5a
= =
1 v2 3ab 12
=
´ 16m ´
2 256 4
1 A y - A2y2
= mv 2 Similarly, YCM = 1 1
32 A1 - A2
Loss in kinetic energy, æ b ö ab æ 3b ö
abç ÷ - ç ÷
(DK sys )loss = (K sys )i - (K sys )f è2ø 4 è 4 ø 5b
= =
1 1 ab 12
= mv2 - mv2 ab -
2 32 4
15 25. Let particles collide at some distance h ¢ from top at time
= mv2 t0. Then,
32
1
% loss in kinetic energy, h ¢ = gt02 ... (i)
2
(DK sys )loss (for particle A)
%(DK sys )loss = ´ 100% 1
(K sys )i and h - h ¢ = 2 gh × t0 - gt02 .... (ii)
15 2
mv2 (for particle B)
= 32 ´ 100% A u=0
1
mv2 h′
2
15 h
= ´ 100%
16 h – h′
= 93.75% B √2gh
Given that, % (DK sys )loss = p%
From these equations, particles meet after time t0
so, p = 93.75 ~
- 94
given by
24. The given rectangular thin sheet ABCD can be drawn h h
t0 = =
as shown in the figure below, 2 gh 2g
Y Velocities of particles A and B at instant of collision
H B(a, b) are vA = gt0 and vB = 2 gh - gt0.
A (0, b)
3 a , 3b Hence,
— —
4 4 h 1 1
E G vA = g ´ = gh = gh
a b 2g 2 2
—,—
D 2 2 C h
X and vB = 2 gh - g
O (0, 0) F (a, 0) 2g
Here, æ 1 ö 1
=ç 2- ÷ gh = ´ gh
è 2ø 2
Area of complete lamina, A1 = ab
So, particles collide as shown in the figure.
a b ab
Area of shaded part of lamina = ´ = From momentum conservation, we can see that
2 2 4 particles stuck, pinitial = pfinal .
(x1 , y1 ) = coordinates of centre of mass of complete
æ a bö
lamina = ç , ÷ 1
è 2 2ø √2 √ gh
vA =
1
(x2, y2) = coordinates of centre of mass of shaded part of vB= √ gh
√2
æ 3a 3b ö
lamina = ç , ÷
è 4 4ø
234 JEE Main Physics

This means the combined system of particles comes to 5

It is given that th of (KE)i is lost in this process.
rest (vcombined mass = 0 ) instantaneously. 6
Now, we have to calculate time of fall of combined mass. 1
Þ (KE)f = (KE)i
6
u=0 (KE)f 1
H=h–h′ Þ = … (v)
=h–1/2gt02 (KE)i 6
=h–1/4h Comparing Eq. (iv) and Eq. (v), we get
=3/4h
m 1
= Þ 6m = 2m + M
Combined mass starts with u = 0 2m + M 6
3 M
and its height above earth’s surface is H =h. 4m = M Þ =4
4 m
So, time taken by combined mass to reach ground is 27. Initially, when pendulum is released from angle q0 as
given by shown in the figure below,
1
H = ut + at 2
2
3 1 3 h θ0
Þ h = g ´ t2 Þ =t l–h
4 2 2 g cos θ = l – h
l
26. Initially, block A is moving with velocity v as shown in h
the figure below, v
A B C 1
We have, mgh = mv2
m v m M 2
Here, h = l - l cos q0
Now, A collides with B such that they collide
inelastically. Thus, the combined mass (say) move with So, v = 2 gl (1 - cos q0 ) …(i)
the velocity v as shown below. With velocity v, bob of pendulum collides with block.
C After collision, let v1 and v2 are final velocities of
m m v′ M masses m and M respectively as shown.
m v M Before collision
Then, this combined system is collided inelastically
again with the block C. So, now the velocity of system be
v1
v¢¢ as shown below. m M After collision
v2
m m M v′′
Then, if pendulum is deflected back upto angle q1, then
Thus, according to the principle of conservation of v1 = 2 gl (1 - cos q1 ) …(ii)
momentum, Using definition of coefficient of restitution to get
initial momentum of the system = final momentum of velocity of separation
the system e=
velocity of approach
Þ m v = (2m + M ) v¢ ¢ v2 - (- v1 )
æ mv ö 1= Þ v = v2 + v1 …(iii)
or v¢ ¢ = ç ÷ … (i) v-0
è 2m + M ø From Eqs. (i), (ii) and (iii), we get
Initial kinetic energy of the system, Þ 2 gl(1 - cos q0 ) = v2 + 2 gl(1 - cos q1 )
1
(KE)i = mv2 …(ii) Þ v2 = 2 gl ( 1 - cos q0 - 1 - cos q1 ) …(iv)
2
According to the law of conservation of momentum,
Final kinetic energy of the system, (KE)f
2 initial momentum of the system = final momentum
1 1 æ mv ö of the system
= (2m + M )(v¢ ¢ )2 = (2m + M ) ç ÷
2 2 è 2m + M ø Þ mv = Mv2 - mv1
[Q using Eq. (i)] Mv2 = m 2 gl ( 1 - cos q0 + 1 - cos q1 ) …(v)
1 v2m2 Dividing Eq. (v) by Eq. (iv), we get
= × …(iii)
2 (2 m + M )
M 1 - cos q0 + 1 - cos q1
Þ =
Dividing Eq. (iii) and Eq. (ii), we get m 1 - cos q0 - 1 - cos q1
1 2 2
(KE)f m v æq ö æq ö
m sin ç 0 ÷ + sin ç 1 ÷
= 2 = … (iv) è2ø è2ø
(KE)i (2m + M ) 2m + M M
=
1 m æ q0 ö æ q1 ö
mv2 sin ç ÷ - sin ç ÷
2 è2ø è2ø
Centre of Mass 235

For small q0, we have As, XCM is at C which is taken at origin of our chosen
q0 q1 reference axis, so XCM = 0.
+ æ q + q1 ö
M Þ mremaining ´ xremaining + mremoved ´ xremoved = 0
= 2 2 or M = mç 0 ÷ .... (i)
m q0 q1 è q0 - q1 ø æ4 4 3ö
- 3
Here, mremaining = ç pR - p 1 ÷ r
2 2 è3 3 ø
28. The given condition can be drawn as shown below. where, r = density of sphere,
v1 sin 30° xremaining = 2 - R,
æ4 ö
M removed = - ç p 13 ÷ r.
M
10 sin 30° è3 ø
2M
10 m/s v1
Here, mass removed is negative
and xremoved = R - 1 .
30° 30° So, from Eq. (i), we get
45° 45° v1 cos 30° v2 cos 45°
5 cos 45° 10 cos 30° æ4 3 4 ö æ4 ö
ç pR - p ÷ r ´ (2 - R) = ç p ÷ r ´ (R - 1)
è3 3 ø è3 ø
v2 Þ (R3 - 1)(2 - R) = R - 1
5 m/s 5 sin 45°

2M v2 sin 45° M Þ (R2 + R + 1)(2 - R) = 1

30. The distance of centre of mass of a solid hemisphere
Applying linear momentum conservation law in from the centre of the flat surface is given by
x-direction, we get 3R
d=
Initial momentum = Final momentum 8
(M ´ 10 cos 30° ) + (2M ´ 5 cos 45° ) Here, R = 8 cm
3 ´8
= (M ´ v2 cos 45° ) + (2M ´ v1 cos 30° ) \ d= = 3 cm
v 8
Þ 5 3 + 5 2 = 2 + v1 3 … (i) Given, d = x cm
2
\ x=3
Similarly, applying linear momentum conservation
law in y-direction, we get 31. Given situation is shown in the figure.
(M ´ 10 sin 30° ) - (2M ´ 5 sin 45° )
= (M ´ v2 sin 45° ) - (2M ´ v1 sin 30° ) A
X
v 3 i ms–1
Þ 5 - 5 2 = 2 - v1 … (ii) 0.1 kg
2 5j ms–1
Subtracting Eq. (ii) from Eq. (i), we get B 0.1 kg
(5 3 + 5 2 ) - (5 - 5 2 )
æv ö æv ö Total initial momentum, p i = mAvA + mB vB
= ç 2 + v1 3 ÷ - ç 2 - v1 ÷
è 2 ø è 2 ø = 0.1 ´ 3$i + 0.1 ´ 5$j
Þ v1 = 6.516m/s » 6.5 m/s … (iii) = 0.3 $i + 0.5 $j (kg-ms -1)
Substituting the value from Eq. (iii) in Eq. (i), we get Final velocity of A, v = 4 ($i + $j)
A
Þ v2 » 6.3 m/s Let final velocity of B be vB .
29. If we combine the remaining and removed spherical Then, final momentum after collision,
parts at their initial relative positions, we get complete pf = mAvA + mB vB
sphere as shown in the figure. = 0.1 ´ 4($i + $j) + 0.1 ´ vB
Now, by conservation of momentum, we have
pi = pf
R
Þ 0.3i + 0.5$j = 0.4$i + 0.4$j + 0.1vB
$
r=1 Þ vB = - $i + $j
G Kinetic energy of B after collision will be
C O
1 1 2
K = mv2 = ´ 0.1 ´ (- $i + $j)
2 2
1
= ´ 0.1 ´ 2 = 0.1 J
2
x
So, for complete sphere, It is given, energy of B after collision is .
10
mremaining ´ xremaining + mremoved ´ xremoved x
XCM = So, = 0.1 or x = 1.
mremaining + mremoved 10
236 JEE Main Physics

32. Centre of mass of remaining portion is given by For particle 1, final KE is equals to half of its initial
m x - m2x2 value,
XCM = 1 1 1
m1 - m2 K f = Ki
2
Here note that, removed mass (m2) is treated as a 1 æ1 ö 1
negative mass. Þ m1v1 = ç m1u 2÷ ´
2
2 è2 ø 2
Let x = mass per unit area of uniform disc.
u
Then, m1 = mass of complete disc = x × pa 2 Final velocity of m1 will be, v1 =
2
a2
and m2 = mass of square portion = x × . Momentum in y-direction is conserved,
4 m v1 sin θ1
Also, x1 = x-coordinate of centre of mass of m1 = 0 v1
and x2 = x - coordinate of centre of mass of m2 = d. m
u θ1 m v1 cos θ1
a2
xp a 2 ´ 0 - x ´d θ2 10 m v2 cos θ2
4 -a m
Þ XCM = = …(i) 10m v
2 a 2
2 (4 p - 1) 2
xp a - x
4 10 m v2 sin θ2
æ aö
çSince, d = ÷ i.e. 10mv2 sin q2 = mv1 sin q1
è 2ø u
a Here, v1 = and sin q1 = n sin q2
Given, XCM = - …(ii) 2
X
So, we have
Comparing the Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
mu
\ X = 2(4p - 1) = 23.12 or X » 23. 10mv2 × sin q2 = × n sin q2
2
33. Let initial velocities of two bodies are making angle q1 u n
and q2 with horizontal direction as shown in figure. Þ v2 = …(i)
10 2
m
Also collision is elastic, so KE is conserved.
v0 1 1 1
Þ mu 2 = mv12 + (10m)v22
θ1 2 2 2
θ2 2m v0 Substituting values of v1 and v2, we have
2 2
æ u ö æ u 2n ö
v0 u2 = ç ÷ + 10 ç ÷
è 2ø è 100 ´ 2 ø
m
u2 u 2n
Initial momentum, pi = p1 + p2 Þ = Þ n = 10
2 10 ´ 2
= {mv0 cos q1i$ + mv0 sin q1$j} + {mv0 cos q2$i + mv0 sin q2 - $j}
35. Before collision
= mv0 (cos q1 + cos q2)$i + mv0 (sin q1 - sin q2)$j A 10√3 m/s B
æv ö Rest
Final momentum, pf = (2m)ç 0 ÷ i$ 10 kg 20 kg
è2ø
Þ pf = mv0i $ After collision
10 m/s
In collision momentum remains conserved, so,
A
applying momentum conservation, 10 kg
pf = pi Rest
or mv0$i = mv0 (cos q1 + cos q2)i$ + mv0 (sin q1 - sin q2)$j
10 kg θ
Þ sin q1 - sin q2 = 0 Þ q1 = q2
1 20 m/s
and mv0 = 2mv0 cos q or cos q =or q = 60°
2 From conservation of momentum along X-axis,
But angle between initial velocities is q1 + q2 which is pi = p f
equal to 60° + 60° = 120°. 10 ´ 10 3 = 200 cos q
3
34. Given, impact is shown below, cos q = Þ q = 30°
m
2
4a 4a
ui θ1 36. Centre of mass of the quarter disc is at ,
3p 3p
m θ2 According to the centre of mass of the quarter disc (the
10 m x a x a
10 m shaded area) is at × × , So, x = 4
3 p 3 p