SEE THE FUTURE IN TRENCHLESS

MODULE I
Introduction to Trenchless Technology
 Trenchless New
Installation Methods
 Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Non-steerable Steerable
Impact moling Guided Auger Boring HDD

Pipe ramming

Microtuneling Direct Pipe

Auger Boring

Pipe Express
 Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Non-steerable
Impact moling
Diameter: 75 – 180 mm

Length: to 25 m

Pipe ramming

Diameter: 200 – 1200 mm

Length: to 40 m (100m)

Auger Boring

Diameter: 100 – 1400 mm

Length: to 50 m (120m)
 Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Steerable
Guided Auger Boring HDD

Diameter: 75 – 1800 mm Diameter: 100 – 1500 mm

Length: to 125 m Length: to 5000m

Microtuneling Direct Pipe

Diameter: 250 – 4000mm Diameter: 650 – 1400 mm

Length: to 2000m Length: to 2000m
Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Trenchless New
Installation Methods
ASPECT HDD MICROTUNELING DIRECT PIPE
GEOLOGY
Clay, Sand YES YES YES
Gravel VERY DIFFICULT YES YES
Cobbles VERY DIFFICULT YES YES
Stone 50 - 100 MPa POSSIBLE YES YES
Stone 100 - 200 MPa POSSIBLE YES POSSIBLE
GEOMETRY
Min. cover 10-15 x Ø pipe 2 x Ø casing 3 – 5 x Ø pipe
Length of installation LONG SMALL MEDIUM
Accurency of installation LOW HIGH HIGH
Hole volume MEDIUM HIGH LOW
PIPE WORKS
DIRECT PIPELINE INSTALLATION YES UNPROFITABLE YES
INSTALLATION OF THE PIPELINE IN
NO POSSIBLE YES
SECTIONS
DRILLING FLUIDS
REQUIRED QUALITY OF DRILLING
VERY HIGH LOW LOW
FLUIDS
QUANTITY OF DRILLING FLUIDS
VERY HIGH LOW LOW
REQUIRED
OTHER
TIME MEDIUM LONG SHORT
SEAOUTFALL APPLICATION DIFFICULT POSSIBLE EASY
Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Trenchless New
Installation Methods
Auger Boring
Guided Auger Boring
Technology
EQUIPMENT
PBA320Z
BOHRTEC BM600LSC
Guided Auger Boring
Technology
Advantages
• Installation in wide range of ground conditions
• High Accuracy
• Small footprint require
• Timeless application that creates extremely
stable bores
• Simple, effective method with a high success
rate
Guided Auger Boring
Pilot drilling
Guided Auger Boring
Reaming
Guided Auger Boring
Reaming with casing

Auger Casing pipe

Guided Auger Boring
Reaming with product pipe

Casing pipe
Guided Auger Boring
Product pipe installation
Guided Auger Boring
Guided Auger Boring
Guided Auger Boring
Pipe Ramming
PIPE RAMMING
Technology
Advantages
• Cost effective technology
• Small footprint require
• Timeless application that creates extremely
stable bores
• Simple method
• Installation of pre welded long pipes
PIPE RAMMING
Technology
GOLIATH HAMMER
PIPE RAMMING
Technology
PIPE RAMMING
Technology

Mega
diameter
PIPE RAMMING
Technology

Soil shoe
PIPE RAMMING
Technology

Soil shoe
PIPE RAMMING
Collets and rammer
Install Pushing Collets/Collars Install Rammer

Collets and collars help to distribute the

The rammer is locked into the collets when
ramming force to the face of the pipe. The
the tool is started.
collets also lock the rammer into place.
PIPE RAMMING
Pipe cleaning
PIPE RAMMING
HDD assist method

FOUR METHODS HDD RAM ASSIST

Washover casings When problems arise while horizontal
directional drilling (HDD) costs begin to add
Pull back assist up with each tick of the clock.

Quick reaction time and expert technical

Pipe extraction suport are critical to salvaging a bore gone
bad.
Drill stem recovery
The percussive power of pipe rammers can
help free stuck product pipes, drill stems,
and help remove product pipes on failed
bores.
PIPE RAMMING
Washover casing method

Used as a pilot for large HDD project

Casings are rammed through difficult soil conditions to rock or solid soil

Makes a guide down hole for mud motors

Casing provides a path for drill fluid recycling and reduces the loss of fluids in surface soils
PIPE RAMMING
Washover casing method
PIPE RAMMING
Pull back assist method

Assist HDD when pullback is not possible and machine still has rotation capabilities

Rammer attached to product pipe

Percussive power frees immobilized product pipes.

PIPE RAMMING
Pull back assist method
Connection method steel

Rammer is locked into steel casing via collets. Steel casing is installed using pullback force of HDD and
percussive force of the rammer.
PIPE RAMMING
Pipe extraction method

Remove stuck product pipe and bore again

Rammer is attached to product pipe by fabricating an adaptor

Percussive action along with static tension pulls product pipe, removing it from the bore
PIPE RAMMING
Pipe extraction
Connection method for steel casing

Rammer is locked into steel casing that is welded onto the product casing. Static pull force is usted in
conjuction with the rammer to extract the product casing.
PIPE RAMMING
Technology
 HDD
Horizontal Directional
Drilling
HOW IT BEGINS?
1964
In the early 1960’s while working for a utility installation company,
Martin Cherrington observed nearby workers utilizing a hand-held air
drill. Cherrington became familiar with the concept of guided drilling
and in 1964 developed the first HDD rig

1970-1971 FIRST HDD INSTALLATION UNDER PAJARO RIVER

~140m @ 4in
HDD
Technology
HDD
Working area
CROSSINGS

Rivers, lakes, forests Road infrastructure Airport runways

Protected areas, mointain areas Railway infrastructure Linear installations

Marine installations, landslides Urban areas Rescue works

HDD
Special features
Wide range of lengths and diameters

Variety of materials: HDPE, steel, PVC, cast iron, hybrid materials (Brugg pipes)

Complicated, high-precision trajectory

Installation safety (large drilling depths)

Possibility of installation under inaccessible areas

Possibility of adaptation to most existing geological conditions

Predictable investment duration

HDD
Size class

300 mm
180 m
20 ton
5,5 kNm

600 mm
300 m
45 ton
27 kNm

1500 mm
>300 m
>45 ton
>27 km
MINI HDD
HDD
Mini – Drilling rig up to 200 kN

Main Maximum
Parameters
producers results

• Ditch Witch • Pulling force: 200 kN • Length: 500 m

• Vermeer • Torque: 2-7 kNm • Diameter: 30”
• Terra AG • Mud pump: 100-400 l/min • HDPE pipe: 500 mm
• Tracto Technik • Drill string up to 2 7/8” • Steel pipe: 323 mm
• Toro (Astec) • Installation depth: 20 m
MIDI HDD
HDD
Midi – Drilling rig up to 500 kN

Main Maximum
Parameters
producers results

• Ditch Witch • Pulling force: 500 kN • Length: 800 m

• Vermeer • Torque: 10-30 kNm • Diameter: 40”
• American Augers • Mud pump: 400-900 l/min • HDPE pipe: 630 mm
• Prime drilling • Drill string: 3 1/2” – 5” • Steel pipe: 508 mm
• Installation depth: 35 m
MAXI HDD
HDD
Maxi - Drilling rig up to 1500 kN

Main Maximum
Parameters
producers results

• Herrenknecht • Pulling force: 1500 kN • Length: 1500 m

• Vermeer • Torque: 30-70 kNm • Diameter: 54”
• American Augers • Mud pump: 1500-2000 • HDPE pipe: 1000 mm
• Prime drilling l/min • Steel pipe: 812 mm
• Drill string: 5” – 5 ½” • Installation depth: 50 m
MEGA HDD
HDD
Mega - Drilling rig up to 4000 kN

Main Maximum
Parameters
producers results

• Herrenknecht • Pulling force: 4000 kN • Length: 2000 m

• Vermeer • Torque: 80-150 kNm • Diameter: 72”
• American • Mud pump: 2500-3500 • HDPE pipe: 1200 mm
Augers l/min • Steel pipe: 1422 mm
• Prime drilling • Drill string: 6 5/8” • Installation depth: 100 m
HDD
Seaoutfall
Intersect
HDD
Intersect
HDD
Geometry
HDD
Rock drilling
HDD
Selection of drilling rigs
HDD
Rig and pipe site

Rig site Pipe site

HDD
How long we can go?

Worldwide
Drilling length

HDD < 100T

Poland

Years
HDD
How long we can go?

GGT Solutions record – 2020m @ 20in (500mm)!

HDD
Key milestones
Michels DrillTec Gut
St. Lawrence River Persian Gulf
Quebec, Canada Qeshm Island, Iran

Michels LMR Drilling LMR Drilling

Jordan Lake Elbe River Solent Strait
North Carolina,USA Hamburg, Germany Southampton, UK

HDI AJ Lukas Tatco Boring LMR Drilling

St. Jon river Tamar River Barrl Causeway Bay Marsdiep Strait
Florida, USA Tasmania, Australia Al.-Jubail, Saudi Arabia Netherlands

Huayuan
Hongkong Airport
China
Microtunelling
MICROTUNNELING
Technology
MTBM MACHINES
AVN600
AVN800
AVN1000
AVN1200
MICROTUNNELING
Technology
Advantages
• Installation in wide range of ground conditions
• Accuracy +/- 1in
• Provides ground control and ground water control
• One pass system
• Moderate footprint require
• Can instal pipes with high water table
• Can instal long drives
MICROTUNELLING
The first machine - 1978
MICROTUNELLING
The first AVN machine - 1985
MICROTUNELLING
The first mixshield Ø6 m -1985
MICROTUNELLING
Mega drilling head EPB Ø15,2 m-2005
MICROTUNELLING
The world’s largest tunnel boring machine 2014
Tuen Mun –
2x4,2 Road Diameter:
Chek Lap Kok
Tunnel  17,63 m
Link, Hong Kong
MICROTUNELLING
World records
MICROTUNELLING
Small – diameter tunneling machine range
MICROTUNELLING
MICROTUNELLING
Shafts
MICROTUNELLING
Set up
MICROTUNELLING
Set up
MICROTUNELLING
Jacking pipes
MICROTUNELLING
MICROTUNELLING
Construction site
MICROTUNELLING
Construction site
MICROTUNELLING
Mud system
MICROTUNELLING
Cutting heads
MICROTUNELLING
Geological conditions
–– 10

Rock –– 1

–– 10 - 1

Permeability Factor k (m/s)

-2
–– 10

–– 10 - 3
Gravel
–– 10 - 4

–– 10 - 5

–– 10 - 6

Sand –– 10 - 7

–– 10 - 8

–– 10 - 9

–– 10 - 10

Clay –– 10 - 11

–– 10 - 12
MICROTUNELLING
Cutting heads
DIRECT PIPE
Technology
THE DIRECT PIPE TECHNOLOGY COMBINES
THE BENEFITS OF MICROTUNELLING AND HDD
The Direct Pipe method enables the drilling of the
borehole at the same time as the installation of
the pipeline, i.e. in a one-stage process.

Similar as in microtunnelling, the soil is excavated

by a microtunnelling cutterhead.

The drilling and installation of the pipeline is

remotely controlled using gyro-compass
technology as for HDD method.

The excavated soil is removed via slurry pipes

inside the steel pipeline which being installed.
The force necessary for the installation of the
pipeline is provided by the Pipe Thruster, an
innovative thrusting frame designed by
Herrenknecht company.

Geological conditions, cost and installation

time are the decisive criteria when choosing
the right technology to use. Direct Pipe is the
current cutting-edge trenchless technology
which significantly lowers the underground
crossing risks and shortens execution time.
DIRECT PIPE
Technology
MORE EFFECTIVE FOR DIFFICULT SUBSURFACE
FORMATIONS

ONE-STAGE OPERATION FOR PIPELINE INSTALATTION

PERMANENT BOREHOLE SUPPORT BY DIRECT PIPE

MACHINE AND PIPELINE

ENVOIREMENTAL FIENDLY – NO RISK OF HYDRAULIK

FRACTURE

REDUCED WORKSPACE REQUIREMENTS AT CROSSING

REDUCED POTENTIAL RISK OF INADVERENT RETURNS

IMPROVED SAFETY

IDEAL FOR SHORE APPROACH & OUTFALL PIPELINES

DIRECT PIPE
Technology
DIRECT PIPE
Technology

One step pipeline installation

DIRECT PIPE
Technology
DIRECT PIPE
Technology
DIRECT PIPE
Technology
DIRECT PIPE
Steering container

OPERATOR IN THE STEERING CABIN

OF THE CONTROL CONTAINER.

LOCATED BESIDE THE LAUNCH PIT.

DIRECT PIPE
Steering container

 Ergonomic layout of controls with industrial computer and color monitor for full
online visualization of all operating parameters
 Separate compartments for hydraulic power pack, electric power supply and
operator control room
 Containerized and isolated for protection and easy transport
DIRECT PIPE
Power pack
DIRECT PIPE
Power pack

 power module - pulled along

with moving pipeline
 circuit disconnects for power  On crawler or on trailer with
cables of direct pipe machine side-boom
and slurry pumps
DIRECT PIPE
Entrance seal
Special seal type
U - Neopren

movable
DIRECT PIPE
Lubrication system 3.
Bentonit injection through
2. entrance seal
Bentonite nozzles – weldon
adaptor – transition piece

OVERCUT
1.
Bentonite nozzles -
machine

Direct Pipe®- AVN MACHINE

DIRECT PIPE
Geology

Gravels, cobbles, boulders Organic

Complex geology during pipeline installation

DIRECT PIPE
Vs HDD
COST OF DRILLING
 Mikrotuneling  HDD  Direct Pipe

❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK ❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK ❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK

o Equipment transportation o Equipment transportation o Equipment transportation
o Preparation of chamber o Preparation of rig site o Preparation of chamber
o Purchase of casing pipe o Preparation of pipe site o Preparation of rig site

❑ DRILLING ❑ DRILLING ❑ DRILLING

o Pipe installation o Pipe installation o Pipe installation
COST OF DRILLING - example
ASSUMPTIONS FOR COST ESTIMATION

 HDD  Direct Pipe

o Drilling length – 800 m o Drilling length – 800m
o Installed pipe – DN1200 mm o Installed pipe – DN1200 mm

COST ESTIMATION

 HDD  Direct Pipe

o Mobilization – 300 000,00 € o Mobilization – 400 000,00 €
o Drilling – 1 600 000,00 € o Shaft – 100 000,00 €
o Drilling - 1 840 000,00 €
COST OF DRILLING - example

ASSUMPTIONS FOR COST ESTIMATION

 Mikrotuneling  HDD  Direct Pipe

❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK ❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK ❑ PREPARATION FOR WORK
o Depth of the chamber – 10 m o Drilling length – 800 m o Depth of the chamber – 4 m
o Drilling length – 300 m o Installed pipe – DN1200 mm o Drilling length – 500 m
o Casing pipe – DN1600 mm o Installed pipe – DN1200 mm
COST OF DRILLING - example

ASSUMPTIONS FOR COST ESTIMATION

 Mikrotuneling  HDD  Direct Pipe

o Shats – 1 750 000,00 € o Mobilization – 300 000,00 € o Mobilization – 400 000,00 €
o Drilling – 1 900 000,00€ o Drilling – 1 600 000,00 € o Shaft – 100 000,00 €
o Casing pipe – 1 500 000,00 € o Drilling - 1 150 000,00 €
COST OF DRILLING - example

 Mikrotuneling
❑ COST OF WORK – 3 650 000,00 €

 HDD
❑ COST OF WORK – 1 900 000,00 €

 Direct Pipe
❑ COST OF WORK – 1 650 000,00 €
COST OF DRILLING - RISK
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
E-POWER PIPE
Technology
PIPELINE INSTALLATION
METHODS
PIPE EXPRESS
Technology

Hydraulic
aggregate
Pipe Thruster

PIPE EXPRESS
PIPE EXPRESS
Technology
PIPE EXPRESS
Technology
conventional
100%

Pipe Express®
~30%
PIPE EXPRESS
Technology
Length of sections: up to 2,0m

Diameter: 36“- 60“

Cover: 0,5 – 2,5m

Installation progress: 1,2m/min

500 – 1,0 m/day