Scribd
Upload
39 views

Week 02 - p2 - Ch26

The document discusses several standard client-server protocols including HTTP, FTP, and electronic mail (e-mail). It describes how proxy servers can improve web caching for HTTP and outlines the control and data connections used in FTP. The document also examines the architecture and protocols used for e-mail delivery and access, including SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, and MIME.

Uploaded by

abdulazizbinyabtemp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
39 views

Week 02 - p2 - Ch26

The document discusses several standard client-server protocols including HTTP, FTP, and electronic mail (e-mail). It describes how proxy servers can improve web caching for HTTP and outlines the control and data connections used in FTP. The document also examines the architecture and protocols used for e-mail delivery and access, including SMTP, POP3, IMAP4, and MIME.

Uploaded by

abdulazizbinyabtemp
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 31

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

College of Computer Science & Engineering

Information & Computer Science Department

ICS 343
Fundamentals of Computer Networks

Standard Client-Server Protocols

These slides are based on:


Chapter 26, Data Communications and Networking, 5th Edition
Web Caching: Proxy Servers

◼ HTTP supports proxy servers.

◼ A proxy server is a computer that keeps copies of responses to


recent requests.

◼ The HTTP client sends a request to the proxy server.

◼ The proxy server checks its cache:


◼ If the response is not stored in the cache, the proxy server sends
the request to the corresponding server.
◼ Incoming responses are sent to the proxy server and stored for
future requests from other clients.

◼ The proxy server reduces the load on the original server,


decreases traffic, and improves latency.
Figure 26.9: Example of a proxy server
More about Web caching

◼ Cache acts as both client and server

◼ Typically, the cache is installed by ISP (university,


company, residential ISP)

Why Web caching?

1. Reduce response time for client request


2. Reduce traffic on an institution’s access link
Outline

◼ Introduction
◼ 26.1 World-Wide Web (WWW) and HTTP
◼ 26.2 FTP
◼ 26.3 Electronic Mail
◼ 26.5 Secure Shell (SSH)
◼ 26.6 Domain Name System (DNS)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP)

◼ Helps to transfer files from one host to another.


◼ Based on client-server architecture.
◼ The two connections in FTP:
◼ The control connection remains connected during the entire
interactive FTP session.
◼ The data connection is opened and then closed for each file
transfer activity. It opens each time when transferring of a file is
involved, and it closes when the file is transferred.
◼ Why two connections?
◼ Separation of commands and data transfer makes FTP more
efficient.
◼ The control connection uses very simple rules of communication.
◼ The data connection needs more complex rules due to the variety
of data types transferred.
◼ FTP uses port 21 is used for the control connection, and port 20
is used for the data connection.
FTP

Control
connection

Data
connection
Control Communication

◼ Network Virtual Terminal (NVT) ASCII-based command sent


over the control channel.

◼ Communication is achieved through commands and responses,


one command (or response) at a time.
FTP Commands
Some Status Code in FTP
Data Connection

◼ The data connection uses the well-known port 20 at


the server site.

◼ The client, not the server, issues a passive open using


a temporary port.

◼ Using the PORT command, the client sends this port


number to the server.

◼ The server receives the port number and issues an


active open using the well-known port 20 and the
received temporary port number.
Data Communication

◼ File Type
◼ ASCII
◼ EBCDIC
◼ Image

◼ Data Structure
◼ File
◼ Record
◼ Page

◼ Transmission Mode
◼ Stream
◼ Block
◼ Compressed
Example 26.10
Security for FTP
◼ The FTP protocol was designed when security was not
a big issue.

◼ Although FTP requires a password, the password is


sent in plaintext (unencrypted), which means it can be
intercepted and used by an attacker.

◼ The data transfer connection also transfers data in


plaintext, which is insecure.

◼ To be secure, one can add a Secure Socket Layer(SSL)


between the FTP application layer and the TCP layer.

◼ In this case FTP is called SSL-FTP.


Outline

◼ Introduction
◼ 26.1 World-Wide Web (WWW) and HTTP
◼ 26.2 FTP
◼ 26.3 Electronic Mail
◼ 26.5 Secure Shell (SSH)
◼ 26.6 Domain Name System (DNS)
Electronic Mail (e-mail)

◼ Electronic mail (or e-mail) allows users to exchange


messages.

◼ The nature of this application is different from other


applications discussed so far.

◼ This means that the idea of client/server programming


should be implemented in another way: using some
intermediate computers (servers).
E-mail Architecture: Common Scenario

1 9
2
8

3 7

4 5 6
Postal Mail vs E-mail
Email Address
Protocols Used in E-mails

◼ Message Transfer Agent (MTA):

◼ The formal protocol that defines the MTA client and server on the
Internet is called Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP).
◼ SMTP (Push protocol) uses commands and responses to

transfer messages between an MTA client and an MTA server.


SMTP Commands
Responses

◼ Responses are sent from the server to the client.


◼ A response is a three-digit code that may be followed by
additional textual information.
Responses
Example
Protocols used in E-mail

◼ Message Access Agent (MAA):

◼ The third stage needs a pull protocol; the client must pull messages
from the server.
◼ Post Office Protocol, version 3 (POP3)
◼ Internet Mail Access Protocol, version 4 (IMAP4).
POP3

◼ A simple but limited in functionality


◼ The client POP3 software is installed on the recipient computer
◼ The server POP3 software is installed on the mail server
IMAP4

◼ IMAP4 is more powerful and more complex.

◼ The user can check the e-mail header prior to downloading


◼ User can search the contents of the e-mail for a specific
string of characters prior to downloading
◼ User can partially download the e-mail
◼ Users can create, delete, or rename mailboxes on the mail
server
◼ User can create a hierarchy of mailboxes in a folder for e-
mail storage
MIME

◼ Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

◼ It is a supplementary protocol that allows non-ASCII


data to be sent through email.

◼ It transforms non-ASCII data to ASCII data and vice


versa.

◼ A MIME header is added to the original email header


section to define the message transformation
parameters.
Content-Transfer-Encoding
Next Lecture

◼ Introduction
◼ 26.1 World-Wide Web (WWW) and HTTP
◼ 26.2 FTP
◼ 26.3 Electronic Mail
◼ 26.5 Secure Shell (SSH)
◼ 26.6 Domain Name System (DNS)

Important to do at home :
- Read chapter 26 of the textbook

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy