Psychology Quiz

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CHAPTER - 1

1 mark-questions

1. WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY ?

a) Discipline
b) Natural Science
c) Social Science
d) All of the above

2. What does the word “ psyche “ in Greek mean?


a) Soul and logos
b) Human experiences and behaviour
c)Individual and dydac
d) Biological and organisation

3. _________ psychology is concerned with internal processes such as attention, perception,


thinking, reasoning, language and memories.
a) Cognitive
b) Developmental
c) Affective
d) Behavioral
4. The first psychological laboratory was established by_____
a) J.B.Watson
b) Wilhelm Wundt
c) John dewy
d) Kohler
5. Which perspective uses computer model for psychological analysis:
a) Humanistic
b) Psychodynamic
c) Cognitive
d) Behaviourist

True or false
6. Mind cannot exist without the brain. (True/False)

7. “Psychology, though a very old knowledge discipline, is a young science”. (True/False)

8. The german word gestalt means ‘form’ or ‘configuration’ (True/False)

9. Developmental psychology has both research and applied aspects. (True/False)

10. The word psychology is derived from the greek words 'psych’ meaning ‘soul’ and ‘logos’
meaning science or study of a subject (True/False)

Fill in the blanks

11. _______ refers to any response of an organism that can be measured.

12. __________________________________________________ is established at Bangalore.

13. Herbert Simon wins the Nobel Prize for work on _______.

14. _______________ investigates mental processes involved in acquisition, storage and


manipulation.
15. The famous book ‘Principles of Psychology' written by ________.
Match the following
16. Wilhelm Wundt a) Intelligence test
17. William James b) Behaviourism
18. Sigmund Freud c) first psychology laboratory
19. Binet and Simon d) Principles of psychology
20. John B. Watson e) Psychoanalysis

g-5
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. The first psychological laboratory was established by
A)Wihelm wundt
B) J.B.Watson
C) Skinner
D)William James
2. The famous book ‘Principles of psychology’s written by
A)J.B.Watson
B) William James
C) Freud
D)Girishvar misra
3. James and Wundt both used _________ method
A)Case study
B)Introspection
C)Experiment
D) Survey
4. The school of structuralism was established by
A) Wilhelm Wundt
B) E.B.Titchener
C)Kohler
D)Rogers
5. The gestalt school was founded by
A) John Dewey
B) Wolfgang Kohler
C)Maslow
D) Piaget
BLANKS

1. A school of thought that emphasise objectivity, observable


behavioural responses , learning and environmental determinants is
called________
2. Any thing which initiates activity is called _________
3. Gestalt psychology emerged as a reaction to the ________
4. A method of psychotherapy in which therapist attempts to bring
repressed unconscious material into conscious is known as
________
5. Father of psychology is ________

TRUE OR FALSE
1. Mind cannot exist without the brain .
2. Humans are not only influenced by their socio- cultural contexts
, they also create them.
3. Humanistic discipline in psychology took a more positive view
of human nature .
4. Scientists have made use of music in raising work performance .
5. The act of remembering in an example of covert behaviour
MATCH THE FOLLOWING
A)1879 1.Sigmund freud developed
psychoanalysis
B)1890 2.Functionalism is formulated as
a system of psychology
C)1895 3.Ivan pavlov wins nobel prize
D)1900 4. Wihlem wundt established the
first psychology laboratory in
Leipzig , Germany .
E)1904 5.Willam james publishes
principles of psychology

Answers

Multiple choice questions


1. D
2. A
3. A
4. B
5. C

True or false

6. TRUE
7. TRUE
8. TRUE
9. TRUE
10. TRUE

Fill in the blanks


11. Behaviour
12. National Institute Of Mental Health And Neurosciences [NIMHANS]
13. Decision-making
14. Cognitive Psychology
15. William James

Match the following


16. c
17. d
18. e
19. a
20. B

g-5
KEY
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. A
2. B
3. B
4. A
5. A
BLANKS
1. Behaviourism
2. Stimulus
3. Functionalism
4. Psychoanalysis
5. Wilhelm wundt
TRUE OR FALSE
1. True
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. True

MATCH THE FOLLOWING


A)4
B) 5
C) 2
D)1
E) 3

2 mark-questions

1. What is behaviour?give examples of overt and covert


behaviour.
2. What are experiences?
3. .Define psychology and explain any 2 different fields of
psychology.
4. Discuss psychology as a social science.
5. define Stimulus and Structuralism.
Answers:

1. What is behaviour?give examples of overt and covert behaviour.


ans: Any covert or overt action/reaction a person or animal does that can be
observed in some way is called behaviour.
Some behaviours are overt. They can be outwardly seen or sensed by an
observer.Some are internal or covert. When you are in a difficult situation while
playing a game of chess you almost feel your hand muscles twitching, trying to
experiment with a move.

2. What are experiences?


ans: Experiences are subjective in nature. We cannot directly observe or know
someone else's experience. Only the experiencing person can be aware or be
conscious of her or his experiences. Thus, experiences are embedded in our
awareness or consciousness.

3.Define psychology and explain any 2 different fields of psychology.


Ans :Sports Psychology applies psychological principles to improve sports
performance by enhancing their motivation. Sports psychology is a relatively new
field but is gaining acceptance worldwide.
Cross-cultural and Cultural Psychology examines the role of culture in
understanding behaviour, thought, and emotion. It assumes that human behaviour is
not only a reflection of human-biological potential but also a product of culture.
Therefore Behaviour should be studied in its socio-cultural context. As you will be
studying indifferent chapters of this book, culture influences human behaviour in
many ways and in varying degrees

4.Discuss psychology as a social science.


ans:We know that psychology is recognised more as a social science because it
studies the behaviour of human beings in their socio-cultural contexts. Humans
are not only influenced by their socio-cultural contexts, they also create them.
Psychology as a social science discipline focuses on humans as social beings.

5.define Stimulus and Structuralism.


ans:Stimulus: Any well-defined element in the environment affecting the organism,
which may lead to an overt or a covert response.
Structuralism: Associated with Wilhelm Wundt, the approach to psychology that
seeks
to understand the structure and operation of consciousness, or the human mind.

4 mark-questions

1.Explain any 4 branches of psychology.


2.What is psychology?Explain about mental
processes,Experiences and behaviour.
3.What is psychology as a social science?Explain with
examples.

Answers:

1.Explain any 4 branches of psychology.


1A.The branches of psychology are–
A.Cognitive psychology– It investigates mental processes involved in
acquisition,storage,manipulation,and transformation of information received
from the environment along with the use and communication.
B.social psychology– Explores how people are affected by their social
environments,how people think about and influence others.
C.Cross-Cultural and Cultural psychology– It examines the role of culture
in understanding behaviour,thought,and emotion.It assumes that human
behaviour is not only a reflection of human biological potential but also a
product of culture.
D.Sports psychology–Applies psychological principles to improve sports
performance by enhancing their motivation.

2.What is psychology?Explain about mental processes,Experiences and


behaviour.
2A.
Psychology is derived from two Greek words PSYCHE means soul and LOGOS
means science or study of subject.It is defined formally as science which studies
mental processes,experiences and behaviour in different contexts.

MENTAL PROCESSES:It refers to the state of consciousness or awareness or


mental processes.For example, we use mental processes when we try to solve a
problem,to know or remember something.

EXPERIENCES:They are subjective in nature.we cannot observe someone else's


experiences.only the experiencing person is aware of his/her
experiences.thus,experiences are there in our awareness and consciousness.

BEHAVIOUR: They are responses or reactions we a=make or activities we engage


in.behaviors are simple or complex.some are over which can be seen outward and
some are covert which are internal.

3.What is psychology as a social science?Explain with examples.


3A.
Psychology is recognised more as a social science because it studies the
behaviour of human beings in their socio-cultural contexts.Psychology
as a social science discipline focuses on humans as social beings.
example-Ranjitha and shabnam were in same class.although,they were in
same class there behaviour is quite different.Ranjitha loves meeting
friends and making friends while Shabnam is shy and avoided meeting
people.the reason is Ranjitha lives together with her whole family but
Shabnam lives only with her mom and her younger brother.
In this case,you can see that both are very different persons.they grow up
in different families under complex social and cultural conditions.This is
because of their different environment conditions which led to different
behaviour.

6 MARKS QUESTIONS:

1. Briefly explain all the branches of psychology.


2. Give a brief account of the evolution of psychology.
3. Explain about development of psychology in INDIA.(10 points)
Answers:
1.Briefly explain all the branches of psychology.
ans:The various branches of psychology are as follows :
(i) Cognitive Psychology
It investigates mental processes involved in acquisition, storage, manipulation,
and transformation of information received from the environment along with its
use and communication. The major cognitive processes are attention, perception,
memory, reasoning, problem solving, decision making and language.
(ii) Biological Psychology
It focuses on the relationship between behaviour and the physical system, including
the brain and the rest of the nervous system, the immune system, and genetics.
(iii) Neuropsychology
It has emerged as a field of research where psychologists and neuroscientists are
working together. Researchers are studying the role of neurotransmitters or
chemical substances which are responsible for neural communication in different
areas of the brain and therefore in associated mental functions.
(iv) Developmental Psychology
It studies the physical, social and psychological changes that occur at different ages
and stages over life-span, from conception to old age.
(v) Social Psychology
It explores how people are affected by their social environments, how people think
about and influence others.
(vi) Cross-Cultural and Cultural Psychology
It examines the role of culture in understanding behaviour, thought and emotion.
(vii) Environmental Psychology
It studies the interaction of physical factors such as temperature, humidity,
pollution, and natural disasters on human behaviour.
(viii) Health Psychology
It focuses on the role of psychological factors in the development, prevention and
treatment of illness.
(ix) Clinical and Counselling Psychology
It deals with causes, treatment and prevention of different types of psychological
disorders such as anxiety, depression, eating disorders and chronic substance
abuse.
(x) Industrial/ Organisational Psychology
It deals with workplace behaviour, focusing on both the workers and the
organisations that employ them.
(xi) Educational Psychology
It studies how people of all ages learn. Educational psychologists primarily help
develop instructional methods and materials used to train people in both
educational and work settings.
(xii) Sports Psychology
It applies psychological principles to improve sports performance by enhancing
their motivation.
(xiii) Other Emerging Branches Of Psychology.

2.Give a brief account of the evolution of psychology.


Ans:The evolution of psychology was an outcome of ancient philosophy. It later
varied with the development of different approaches of psychological study. The
formal beginning of modern psychology took place in 1879 with the establishment
of an experimental laboratory in Leipzig by Wilhelm Wundt.

● The initial approach to study psychology was based on introspection or


structuralism in which the individuals were asked to describe their
experiences.
● It was followed by functionalism that studied the working of the mind and
the impact of behaviour upon people’s interaction with their environment.
● Gestalt psychology emerged as a reaction to structuralism in the early 20th
century and focused on the organisation of the perceptual experiences.
● Another reaction was the development of behaviourism that studied
behaviour or responses in a measurable and objective form.
● This was followed by the psychoanalysis of Sigmund Freud that viewed
human behaviour as a dynamic manifestation of unconscious desires,
conflicts and their gratification.
● In contrast, the humanistic perspective emphasised the free will of human
beings and their natural striving to grow and unfold their inner potential.
● Further, Cognitive perspective was a combination ofGestalt approach and
structuralism and focused on how an individual perceived the world.
● Later, Constructivism viewed human beings as actively constructing their
minds through the exploration of the physical and the social world.
● It was followed by Vygotsky’s view that the human mind develops through
social and cultural processes in which the mind is perceived as culturally
constructed by joint interaction between children and adults.

Therefore, the evolution of psychology passed through various stages and levels.
Starting from the roots of philosophy, it took a new direction and included
numerous theories of structuralism, functionalism, behaviourism, constructivism,
etc. However, in the contemporary era the discipline of psychology has grown into
a scientific discipline, which deals with various processes underlying human
experiences and behaviours.

3. Explain about development of psychology in INDIA.(10 points)


Ans: The development of Psychology in India :
● Modern Era: Department of philosophy,Calcutta University 1915
● Department of Psychology: 1916
● DEpartment of applied Psychology:1938
● BEginning of modern experimental psychology at Calcutta was
greatly influenced by Indian Psychologists DR. N N Sengupta (trained
in the USA in the experimental tradition of Wundt) and Professor
G.Bose (trained in Freudian Psychoanalysis).
● Professor Bose established the Indian Psychoanalytical Association in
1922.
● The Departments of psychology in Universities of Mysore and Patna
were early centres of teaching and research in psychology.
● Two centres of excellence in psychology supported by the UGC at
Utkal University,Bhubaneswar and the University at Allahabad.
● Psychology in a third world country: The Indian Experience published
in 1986 by Durganand Sinha, traces the history of modern psychology
in four phases.
● According to him, the first phase, till independence, was a phase with
emphasis on experimental psychoanalytical and psychological testing.
● The second phase till the 1960’s was a phase of expansion of
psychology in India.
● There was a desire to have an Indian identity by seeking to link
western psychology to the Indian context.
● The excessive dependence on western psychology for our social
context was realised. The search for a new identity of psychology in
India led to the phase of indigenisation.
● Besides rejecting western frameworks, Indian psychologists stressed
the need for developing an understanding based on a framework.
● Psychology in India made a significant contribution to the field of
psychology in the world.
● Psychology in India is now being applied in diverse professional
areas.
● Psychologists have been working in hospitals.HRD and advertisement
departments,sports departments,IT sector.

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