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2019 Science Experiment Part 2 Question

This document provides instructions for Part 2 of an experiment test for the 16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad being held in Hanoi, Vietnam. The experiments involve identifying species of freshwater snails and clams based on their morphological characteristics. Students will use identification keys to determine the scientific names of different shells. They will also locate features like the hinge joint, umbo, and growth lines on a clam shell valve. The test aims to assess students' understanding of mollusk diversity and ability to apply binomial nomenclature.

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Marilyn Citadel
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59 views

2019 Science Experiment Part 2 Question

This document provides instructions for Part 2 of an experiment test for the 16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad being held in Hanoi, Vietnam. The experiments involve identifying species of freshwater snails and clams based on their morphological characteristics. Students will use identification keys to determine the scientific names of different shells. They will also locate features like the hinge joint, umbo, and growth lines on a clam shell valve. The test aims to assess students' understanding of mollusk diversity and ability to apply binomial nomenclature.

Uploaded by

Marilyn Citadel
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad - Hanoi – Vietnam

EXPERIMENT TEST – PART 2

Total time: 120 minutes (02 parts)

Printed name: …………………………………………………….. ID: …………………

Instructions:
 Do not open the test booklet until you are told to do so.
 Be sure that your name and ID are written on spaces provided.
 Only write your answers in the ANSWER SHEET provided.
 Use blue / black pens or pencils to write your answers.
 Diagrams are not drawn to scale. They are intended as aids only.
 After the contest, the invigilator will collect all the contest papers.

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16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad - Hanoi – Vietnam

Introduction
The mollusks are interesting animals, with the number of species ranked second only
to the arthropods. Snail and clam are two familiar groups belong to mollusks. In
biology, an organism is classified and grouped into species, genus, family, order...
based on their characteristics. In order to study the diversity of mollusk, you need to
be familiar with their morphological characteristics that is the aim of the
experiments.
In binomial nomenclature system, a species name consists of two parts. The first part
of the name is the generic name, which identifies the genus to which the species
belongs. The second part of the name is the specific name, which identifies the
species within the genus. In writings, the first letter of the generic name needs to be
upper case, the first letter of the specific name needs to be lower case and both words
needs to be italic or underlined when handwritten. Example: Sermyla tornatella
Caution: The mollusk specimens used in these experiments may have sharp
edges, you should handle them with care.

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16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad - Hanoi – Vietnam

EXPERIMENT 1: In this experiment, candidates will identify the scientific name


of some freshwater snails based on shell morphological characteristics. For
identification, you need identification keys, which help you to find the name of snail
family and species.
Materials
- 4 shells of 4 different freshwater snail species.
- 1 photo of 4 shells which are labeled A, B, C, D.
- 1 identification key to 4 families of freshwater snail (Key 1).
- 4 identification keys to species of 4 families (Key 2-5).
- 1 magnifying glass.
- 1 pair of gloves
Procedure
Identify 4 shells one by one. Locate the main features of the shell based on the
provided figures (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, and Fig. 3) and match with the identification keys to
find the name of each shell.

Fig. 1. Diagram of a generalised snail showing Fig. 2. Shell whorls. Left: a shell with 2,5
the main features whorls. Right: a shell with 6 whorls.

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16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad - Hanoi – Vietnam

Fig. 3. Shell umbilicus types. Left to right: umbilicus from small to wide.

- Step 1: Take one shell out of its bag; begin by observing the whole specimen you
want to identify.
- Step 2: Compare the shell with the photo to identify the label of specimen (A, B,
C or D).
- Step 3: Begin working with Key 1. The first character gives you two alternatives
in the key, decide which description best fits your shell. Then move on to the next
set of two alternatives given in the key to identify the family.
Example: if your shell is sharply conical, then go to set number 2 in the Key 1. If
your shell is globular to ovate-conical, then go to set number 3.
Question 1: Identify the scientific family name of each shell and write it in the
answer sheet.
Label of the shell Name of the family
A 2 points
B 2 points
C 2 points
D 2 points

- Step 4: After you find out the family name of each shell, you will use Key 2, Key
3, Key 4 or Key 5 accordingly to find out the species name of each shell.
Question 2: Identify the scientific species name of each shell and write it in the
answer sheet.
Label of the shell Name of the species
A 2 points
B 2 points
C 2 points
D 2 points

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16th International Mathematics and Science Olympiad - Hanoi – Vietnam

EXPERIMENT 2: In this experiment, candidate will locate some main features on


a valve of a freshwater clam.
Material
- A dry valve of freshwater clam Sinanodonta sp.
Procedure
Here is a short description of a freshwater clam:
A shell of clam species Sinanodonta sp. consists of two equal valves, connected by
a hinge joint. There are two adductor muscles, which can contract to close the
valves. These muscles leave adductor muscle scars on the dry shell. Umbo is the
oldest part of the shell. As the clam grows, the shell will be bigger and forms growth
lines on outer surface. Shell has three layers and one of these is nacre, which made
them widely used by human as decoration.
Question 3. Examine the valve, read the description above and point out the features:
hinge joint, umbo, growth lines, nacre layer on Fig. 4. Label the shell in the
answer sheet.
Example: The feature adductor muscle scar was pointed out on Fig. 4

Fig. 4. Diagram of a generalised bivalve shell exterior (A) and interior (B)
showing main features.

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