Chemistry Project Work221

CENTERAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCTION
JINDAL VIDHYA MANDIR VIDYANAGAR—

583275
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
CERTIFICATE
THIS IS CERTIFIED TO BE THE BONAFIDE WORK DONE BY
MOHITH BEVOOR OF CLASS 12 –C , TITLED ‘” EXTRACTION OF
ESSENTIAL OIL FROM SAUNF (ANISEED) AND
AJWAIN (CARUM) “ DURING THE YEAR 2022—2023.
MRS.ISWARI.K.SHARMA MR . SHARAN KUMAR
EXTERNAL EXAMINER
INDEX
S.NO TOPIC
PAGE NO
1 CERTIFICATE 2 INDEX 3 AIM 4

INRODUCTION 5 ANISEED ESSENTIAL
OIL 6 USES 7 REQUIREMENT &
PRO- CEDURE 8 OBSERVATION 9
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 10
BILBIOGRAPHY
AIM
TO EXTRAXT OIL FROM SAUNF
(ANISEED ) AND AJWAIN
( CARUM )
INTRODUCTION
We are all familiar with the pleasant odors coming Out
from flowers, spices and many trees. The essence or
Aromas of plants are due to volatile oils present in Them.
These smelling volatile oils present in plants are called
essential oils. Cinnamon, clove, cumin, eucalyptus, garlic,
jasmine, peppermint, rose, sandalwood, spearmint,
thyme, wintergreen are a few familiar examples of
valuable essential oils. The term
“essential oils” literally means “oils derived from
theessence” of plants. Essential oils are mainly used for
their pleasant odours and flavors in perfumes and as
flavoring agents in foods. Some are used in medicines (e.g.,
camphor,wintergreen, eucalyptus) others as insect
repellants (e.g., citronella). Chemically essential oils are
composed of complex mixtures of ester, alcohols, phenols,
aldehydes, ketones and hydrocarbons. They are essentially
non-polar compounds and are thus soluble innon -polar
solvents such as petroleum ether, benzene etc.
.
Essential oils may occur in all parts of the plant, butt hey
are often concentrated in the seeds or flowers. They are
obtained from the plants by the process of steam
distillation and extraction. The technique of steam
distillation permits the separation of volatile
components from non-volatile materials without raising
the temperature of the distillation above 100° C thus
steam distillation reduces the risk of decomposition of
essential oils
ANISEED ESSENTIAL OIL
*Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil,

known as `Oil of Aniseed`, which has now replaced
the fruits for medicinal and flavoring purposes.
Aniseed oil is a colorless or pale-yellow liquid having
the characteristic odor and taste of the fruit.
The yield of oil generally varies from 1.9 to 3.1 per
cent. Higher values up to 6 per cent have been
reported from Syrian aniseed. Crushing of fruits prior
to distillation gives better yields of oil.
The material should be distilled soon after the crushing
to prevent any loss of oil due to evaporation. Aniseed
oil is a highly refractive liquid, which solidifies on
cooling.
* The congealing point depends much on the
anethole content and is a valuable criterion for
evaluating the oil.
* Exposure of the oil to air causes polymerization,
and some oxidation also takes place with the formation
of anisaldehyde and anisic acid.
* The chief constituent of aniseed oil is anethole,

which is present to the extent of 80 to 90 per cent and is
mainly responsible for the characteristic flavor of the
oil.
* The oil also contains methyl chavicol,
pmethoxyphenyl acetone, and small amount of
terpenes and sulfur containing compounds of
disagreeable odour.
ANISEED ESSENTIAL OIL
• Common Method of Extraction:- Steam

Distillation
• Botanical Name:- Pimpinella anisum
• Color:- Clear
• Aromatic Description:- Distinctive scent of
licorice. Rich and sweet.
• Constituents:- a-pinene, camphene, B-pinene,
linalool, cis-anethole, trans-anethole, safrole,
anisaldehyde, acetoanisole
Uses of Aniseed Oil
• In aromatherapy, aniseed essential oil is used to treat
colds and flu.
• Aniseed oil can be made into a liquid scent and is
used for both hunting and fishing. It is put on fishing
lures to attract fish.
• Anethole, the principal component of anise oil, is a
precursor that can eventually produce 2,5-
dimethoxybenzaldehyde which is can be used in the
clandestine synthesis of psychedelic drugs such as
2CB,
2C-I and DOB.
• Oil of aniseed is also reported to be used as an
aromatic carminative to relieve flatulence, and as an
ingredient of cough lozenges in combination with
liquorice.
• Essential oil is also used externally as an insecticide
against small insects such as head lice, mites and
vermin. It also has fungicidal properties
EXPERIMENT
REQUIREMENTS :-
Steam generator (Copper Vessel), round bottom flask (500
ml), conical flask, condenser, glass tubes, iron stand, sand
bath, separatory funnel, tripod stands, burners, Ajwain
(Carum), Petroleum ether(60-80°C),Saunf(Aniseed) .
PROCEDURE :-
1. Set the apparatus as shown in the picture of
Experimental Setup. The apparatus consists of a steam
generator connected to the round bottom flask through a
glass inlet tube. The flask is connected to a water
condenser through a glass outlet tube. Condenser is
further attached to a receiver through an adaptor.
2. Take about 750 ml of water in the steam generator
and start heating to produce steam.
3. In the round bottom flask take about 75 gm of
crushed saunf.
4 . A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is

passed through the round bottom flask.
5. A part of the steam condenses in the round bottom
flask. As more and more steam is passed, the steam
volatile components of saunf pass through the condenser
along with steam. These contents on condensation are
collected in the receiver.
6. The contents in the round bottom flask may be
heated by a bunsen burner to prevent excessive
condensation of steam
7. The process of steam distillation is continued for
about half an hour.
8. Transfer the distillate to a separating funnel and
extract with 20 ml portions of petroleum ether 3 times.
9. Combine the petroleum ether extracts in a 250 ml
conical flask and dry it with the help of anhydrous
sodium sulphate.
10. Remove the solvent from the dried filtrate by careful
distillation in a water bath. The essential oil is left behind
in the distillation flask.
11. Find the weight of the extracted essential oil. Note
the colour, odour and weight of the essential oil.
OBSERVATION
1.) Saunf (Aniseed):-
• Weight of Saunf taken = 100 gm
• Initial Weight of the bottle = 10gm(x)
• Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11.25 gm(y)
• Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x) =1.25 gm
• Percentage of essential oil = (y/100)*100=1.25
• Colour of the oil = Colourless
• Odour of the oil = Saunf like smell.
2.) Ajwain (Carum):-
• Weight of Saunf taken = 75 gm
• Initial Weight of the bottle = 10 gm(x)
• Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11 gm(y)
• Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x) =1 gm
• Percentage of essential oil = (y/75)*100=1.33%
• colour of the oil = Colourless
• Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Comprehensive Chemistry Practical Class-XII.
• http://www.icbse.com/
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anise
• http://www.essentialoils.co.za/essenti
al-oils/aniseed.htm
• https://www.google.com/aryanint.com

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CENTERAL BOARD OF SECONDARY EDUCTION

JINDAL VIDHYA MANDIR VIDYANAGAR—

MRS.ISWARI.K.SHARMA MR . SHARAN KUMAR

1 CERTIFICATE 2 INDEX 3 AIM 4

*Aniseed, on steam distillation, yields an essential oil,

* The chief constituent of aniseed oil is anethole,

• Common Method of Extraction:- Steam

4 . A vigorous current of steam from steam generator is

• Initial Weight of the bottle = 10 gm(x)

• Weight of bottle + essential oil = 11 gm(y)

• Weight of essential oil extracted =(y-x) =1 gm

• Percentage of essential oil = (y/75)*100=1.33%

• colour of the oil = Colourless

• Odour of the oil = Ajwain like smell

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