LESSON 2

A. GRAMMAR
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences using these verbs. Sometimes you need the negative.

believe eat flow go grow make rise tell translate

1 The earth ...................................... round the sun.

2 Rice doesn’t ....................................... in cold climates.
3 The sun ....................................... in the east.
4 Bees ....................................... honey.
5 Vegetarians ....................................... meat.
6 An atheist ....................................... in God.
7 An interpreter ....................................... from one language into another.
8 Liars are people who ....................................... the truth.
9 The River Amazon ....................................... into the Atlantic Ocean.

Exercise 2. Put the verb into the correct form, positive (I’m doing etc.) or negative (I’m not doing
etc.).

1. You can turn off the radio. ....................................... (I / listen) to it.

2. Kate phoned last night. She’s on holiday with friends. ....................................... (She / have) a great time and
doesn’t want to come back.
3. Andrew started evening classes recently. ....................................... (He / learn) Japanese.
4. Paul and Sarah have had an argument and now .......................................(they / speak) to one another.
5. The situation is already very bad and now ....................................... (it / get) worse.
6. Tim ....................................... (work) today. He’s taken the day off.
7. ....................................... (I / look) for Sophie. Do you know where she is?
8. The washing machine has been repaired. ....................................... (It / work) now.
9. ....................................... (They / build) a new hospital. It will be finished next year.
10. Ben is a student, but he’s not very happy. ....................................... (He / enjoy) his course.

Exercise 3. Are the underlined verbs OK? Correct them where necessary.

1 Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius. ............................................

2 How often are you going to the cinema? ............................................
3 Ben tries to find a job, but he hasn’t had any luck yet. ............................................
4 Martina is phoning her mother every day. ............................................
5 The moon goes round the earth in about 27 days. ............................................
6 Can you hear those people? What do they talk about? ............................................
7 What do you do in your spare time? ............................................
8 Sarah is a vegetarian. She doesn’t eat meat. ............................................
9 I must go now. It gets late. ............................................
10 ‘Come on! It’s time to leave.’ ‘OK, I come.’ ............................................

Exercise 4. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.

1 a ....................................... (I / usually / get) hungry in the afternoon.

b ....................................... (I / get) hungry. Let’s go and eat something.
2 a ....................................... ‘(you / listen) to the radio?’ ‘No, you can turn it off.’
b ....................................... ‘(you / listen) to the radio a lot?’ ‘No, not very often.’
3 a The River Nile ....................................... (flow) into the Mediterranean.
b The river ....................................... (flow) very fast today – much faster than usual.
4 a I’m not very active. ....................................... (I / not / do) any sport.
b What ....................................... (you / usually / do) at weekends?
5 a Rachel is in New York right now. ....................................... (She / stay) at the Park Hotel.
b ....................................... (She / always / stay) there when she’s in New York.

Exercise 5. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.

1 Are you ready yet? ....................................... (Everybody / wait) for you.

2 I’ve never heard this word. How ....................................... (you / pronounce) it?
3 Kate ....................................... (not / work) this week. She’s on holiday.
4 I think my English ....................................... (improve) slowly. It’s better than it was.
5 Nicola ....................................... (live) in Manchester. She has never lived anywhere else.
6 Can we stop walking soon? ....................................... (I / start) to get tired.
7 Sam and Tina are in Madrid right now. ....................................... (They / visit) a friend of theirs.
8 ‘What ....................................... (your father / do)?’ - ‘He’s an architect’
9 It took me an hour to get to work this morning. Most days ....................................... (it / not / take) so long.
10 I ....................................... (I / learn) to drive. My driving test is next month. My father .......................................
(teach) me.

Exercise 6. Put the verb into the correct form, present continuous or present simple.

1 She told me her name, but ....................................... (I / not / remember) it now.

2 Don’t put the dictionary away. ....................................... (I / use) it.
3 Don’t put the dictionary away. ....................................... (I / need) it.
4 Air ....................................... (consist) mainly of nitrogen and oxygen.
5 Who is that man? What ....................................... (he / want)?
6 Who is that man? Why ....................................... (he / look) at us?
7 Who is that man? ....................................... (you / recognise) him?
8 ....................................... (I / think) of selling my car. Would you be interested in buying it?
9 I can’t make up my mind. What ....................................... (you / think) I should do?
10 Gary wasn’t well earlier, but ....................................... (he / seem) OK now.

Exercise 7. Rewrite the sentences

1. My brothers (sleep) on the floor. (often)  ..............................................................................

2. He (stay) up late? (sometimes) ..............................................................................
3. I (do) the housework with my brother. (always) ..............................................................................
4. Peter and Mary (come) to class on time. (never) .............................................................................
5. Why Johnson (get) good marks? (always) _..............................................................................
6. You (go) shopping? (usually) _..............................................................................
7. She (cry). (seldom) _..............................................................................
8. My father (have) popcorn. (never) ..............................................................................

Exercise 8. Complete the following conversation by filling in the correct word form.

Dear Editor,
I (write) ................................. this letter because it (seem) ................................. to me that far too many changes
(take) ................................. place in my country these days, and, as a result, we (lose) ................................. our
identity. I (live) ................................. in a small town but even this town (change) ................................. before my
eyes. For example, town authorities (build) ................................. a burger place where my favorite restaurant
used to be.
Our culture (belong) ................................. to everybody, and I (not understand) ................................. why the town
leaders (not do) ................................. to preserve it. They simply (not care) .................................. In fact, I
(think) ................................. of starting an action group. I (appear) ................................. on a TV show on Friday
evening to make people aware of how important this issue is. It’s time for us to start doing something before
it (get) ................................. too late..

B. VOCABULARY
Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

3supply 7counter-urbanisation 1dedication 9charitable

8reputation 2patriot 5unemployment
6urbanization 1 0 lifestyle 4depletion
1. With a certain amount of................................and determination, you can achieve a great deal.
2. A................................once said “It is a sweet and honourable thing to die for your country.”
3. You should................................your car with petrol before starting on a journey.
4. The continued................................of our ozone may cause terrible destruction to our planet.
5. ................................and poverty force people to engage in anti- social activities.
6. High crime rate is considered to be the worst effect of.................................
7. While urbanisation has led to fast urban growth, ................................has resulted in the
opposite situation.
8. It is the underserved................................that damaged his life and his family.
9. Bill Gates has made large donations to numerous................................organizations.
10. For some people, a green................................means eating organic food and wearing organic
clothing.

Exercise 10. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined
part in each of the following sentences.

1. The speaker paused. He hesitated to answer the direct question raised by the audience.
A. decided B. continued C. determined D. wavered
A. decided: đã quyết định
B. continued: đã tiếp tục
C. determined: đã cương quyết
D. wavered: đã dao động, không chắc
=> hesitate (v): do dự, lưỡng lự = waver
Tạm dịch: Người nói tạm dừng. Anh ta ngập ngừng trả lời câu hỏi trực tiếp do khán giả đưa ra.
2. Her courage not only inspired her followers but moved her rivals as well.
A. depressed B. motivated C. overlooked D. rejected
A. depress (v): làm chán nản
B. motivate (v): thúc đẩy
C. overlook (v): lờ đi, bỏ qua, không chú ý tới
D. reject (v): không chaaps thuận, phản đối
=> inspire (v): truyền cảm hứng... = motivate

Tạm dịch: Sự dũng cảm của cô không chỉ truyền cảm hứng cho những người theo dõi cô mà còn khiến các
đối thủ của cô cảm động
3. The government's plans to cut taxes really stimulated the economy.
A. discouraged B. started C. weakened D. improved
Từ đồng nghĩa: stimulate = improve: kích thích, khuyến khích
4. Chauvet Jeans was a well-known nineteenth century painter whose paintings are
extraordinarily sophisticated.
A. old-fashioned B. basic C. primitive D. complex
A. Old-fashioned: lỗi thời
B. Complex: phức tạp = intricate
C. Primitive: nguyên thủy, thô sơ
D. Basic: cơ bản.
=> sophisticated: phức tạp = complex
Tạm dịch: Chanvet Jeans là một họa sỹ nổi tiếng thế kỷ 19 người có những bức vẽ vô cùng phức tạp.
5. Recognizable smaller than most of the kids in his age group, Lionel Messi was diagnosed by
doctors as suffering from a hormone deficiency that restricted his growth.
A. inadequacy B. sufficiency C. abundance D. strength
deficiency (n): sự thiếu hụt
A. inadequacy (n): sự thiếu hụt
B. abundance (n): sự dư thừa
C. sufficiency (n): sự đầy đủ
D. strength (n): sức mạnh
=> deficiency >< abundance
Tạm dịch: Có thể nhận ra là nhỏ hơn hầu hết những đứa trẻ trong độ tuổi của mình, Lionel Messi được các
bác sĩ chẩn đoán là bị thiếu hụt hormone làm hạn chế sự phát triển của anh.
6. The Freephone 24 Hour National Domestic Violence Helpline is a national service for women
experiencing domestic violence, their family, friends, colleagues and others calling on their behalf.
A. in the same country B. in the same family
C. in the same office D. in the same school

Giải thích: domestic violence (n) bạo lực gia đình

Dịch: Đường dây trợ giúp quốc gia về bạo lực gia đình 24 giờ qua điện thoại miễn phí là dịch vụ quốc gia
dành cho phụ nữ bị bạo lực gia đình, gia đình, bạn bè, đồng nghiệp và những người khác thay mặt họ gọi
điện.
7. Polish artist Pawel Kuzinsky creates satirical paintings filled with thought-provoking messages
about the world.
A. inspirational B. provocative C. stimulating D. universal
Tạm dịch: Nghệ sĩ Ba Lan Pawel Kuzinsky tạo ra những bức tranh châm biếm đầy với những thông điệp gợi
suy nghĩ về thế giới.
=> Thought—provoking /'θɔ:tprəvəʊkɪŋ/ (adj): gợi suy nghĩ, ngẫm nghĩ (làm ai đó ngẫm nghĩ về một vấn
đề, chủ đề nào đó)
Xét các đáp án:
Inspirational /,ɪnspə'reɪ∫ənl/ (adj): truyền cảm hứng
Provocative /prə’vɒkətɪv/ (adj): khiêu khích
Stimulating /'stɪmjuleɪtɪŋ/ (adj): kích thích
Universal /,ju:nɪ’vɜ:sl/ (adj): phổ biến
8. With so many daily design resources, how do you stay up-to-date with technology without
 spending too much time on it?
A. connect to Internet all day B. update new status
C. get latest information D. use social network daily
Tạm dịch: Với quá nhiều nguồn thiết kế hàng ngày, làm thế nào để cập nhật được tình hình mới nhất với
công nghệ mà không tốn quá nhiều thời gian cho nó .
stay–up–to–date = get the latest information: cập nhật tình hình/tin tức mới nhất
Chọn A
Các phương án khác:
B. kết nối với mạng internet cả ngày
C. sử dụng mạng xã hội hàng ngày
9. Online Business School also offers interest free student loans to UK students.
A. no extra fee B. no limited time
C. no repayment D. no interest payments
Interest free = no interest payment (miễn lãi, không có lãi)
10. There has been a hot debate among the scientists relating to the pros and cons of using robotic
probes to study distant objects in space.
A. problems and solutions B. advantages and disadvantages
C. solutions and limitations D. causes and effects

Exercise 11. Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the
underlined
part in each of the following sentences.

1. During the Great Depression, many people suddenly found themselves jobless after a night.
A. unemployed B. redundant C. unoccupied D. supplementary
Tạm dịch: Trong cuộc Đại khủng hoảng, nhiều người bỗng nhiên thấy mình thất nghiệp sau một đêm.
=> Jobless /'dʒɑ:bləs/ >< supplementary /,sʌplɪ'mentri/: thất nghiệp>< có việc, bổ sung nguồn lực
Các đáp án còn lại:
A. unemployed (a) /,ʌnɪm’plɔɪd/ = jobless: thất nghiệp
B. redundant (a) /rɪ'dʌndənt/: dư thừa
C. unoccupied (a) /,ʌn'ɑ:kjupaɪd/: không có người
2. I was relieved by the news that they had gone home safe and sound.
A. comforted B. concerned C. relaxed D. lightened
Giải thích: relieved (adj) nhẹ nhõm, yên tâm >< concerned (adj) e ngại
Dịch: Tôi cảm thấy nhẹ nhõm vì tin rằng họ đã về nhà bình an vô sự.
3. She comes from an admirable and respectable family.
A. good B. respected C. unworthy D. dignified
respectable (adj): đáng kính, đáng trọng
A. good (adj): tốt, hay, tuyệt
B. respected (adj): tôn trọng
C. unworthy (adj): không xứng đáng, đánh khinh
D. dignified (adj): có giá trị, đáng tôn quý
=> respectable >< unworthy
Tạm dịch: Cô xuất thân từ một gia đình đáng ngưỡng mộ và đáng kính.
4. They are going to have to amputate his left leg which was badly injured in the accident.
A. remove B. separate C. cut off D. mend
A. separate (v): chia ra, tách rời, loại bỏ
B. cut off (phV): cắt (điện), cắt bỏ
C. mend (v): hàn gắn (tâm hồn), sửa đổi, vá (quần áo, vải)
D. remove (v): di chuyển, tháo ra, cắt chức, loại bỏ
Amputate (v): cưa đi, cắt bỏ >< Mend
Tạm dịch: Họ sẽ phải cắt cái chân trái bị thương nặng trong vụ tai nạn của anh ấy.
5. White blood cells help defend the body against infection.
A. abandon B. cover C. protect D. fight
Giải thích: defend (v) bảo vệ >< abandon (v) bỏ rơi
Dịch: Các tế bào bạch cầu giúp bảo vệ cơ thể chống lại nhiễm trùng.
6. Her identity will never be revealed in order to protect her children from being judged. A.
C. uncovered B. proclaimed C. leaked D. hide
Giải thích: reveal (tiết lộ) >< hide (che đậy)
Dịch: Danh tính của cô ấy sẽ không bao giờ được tiết lộ để bảo vệ những đứa con của cô ấy khỏi bị phán
xét.
7. There are several interesting things emerging from the report.
A. fading B. rising C. coming up D. developing
Giải thích: emerge (v) hiện lên, xuất hiện >< fade (v) mờ dần, nhạt đi
Dịch: Có một số điều thú vị xuất hiện từ báo cáo.
8. This boy is poorly-educated and doesn't know how to behave properly.
A. uneducated B. knowledgeable C. ignorant D. rude
poorly-educated (adj): không được giáo dục, vô học.
>< knowledgeable (adj): am hiểu, tinh thông.
Các đáp án còn lại:
A. ignorant (adj): ngu dốt.
B. uneducated (adj) = poorly-educated: vô học, không đươc giáo dục đàng hoàng.
D. rude (adj): thô lỗ.
Dịch: Cậu bé này không được giáo dục đàng hoàng và không biết cách xử sự đúng mực
9. I prefer reading fictional stories to hearing about real events.
A. imaginary B. unreal C. existent D. legendary
Giải thích: fictional: hư cấu >< existent: hiện thực
Dịch: Tôi thích đọc những câu chuyện hư cấu hơn là nghe về những sự kiện có thực.
10. It is not fair to give such a challenging task to an inexperienced staff like her.
A. comprehensible B. difficult C. provocative D. intriguing
Giải thích: comprehensible (adj) dễ hiểu >< challenging (adj) thử thách
Dịch: Thật không công bằng khi giao một nhiệm vụ đầy thách thức như vậy cho một nhân viên thiếu kinh
nghiệm như cô ấy.

KEY
EX2
1. I’m not listening / I am not listening
2. She’s having / She is having
3. He’s learning / He is learning
4. they aren’t speaking / they’re not speaking / they are not speaking
5. it’s getting / it is getting
6. isn’t working / ’s not working / is not working
7. I’m looking / I am looking
8. It’s working / It is working
 9. They’re building / They are building
10. He’s not enjoying / He is not enjoying
EX1
1. Goes
2. Doesn’t grow
3. rises
4. make
5. don’t eat
6. doesn’t believe
7. translates
8. don’t tell
9. flows
EX3
1. OK
2. Do you go
3. is trying
4. phones
5. OK
6. are they talking
7. OK
8. OK
9. It’s getting / It is getting
10. I’m coming / I am coming
EX4
1. A. I usually get
b. I’m getting
2. a Are you listening
b Do you listen
3. a flows
b is flowing / ’s flowing
4. a I don’t do
b do you usually do
5. a She’s staying / She is staying
b She always stays
EX5
1. She speaks
2. Everybody’s waiting / Everybody is waiting
3. do you pronounce
4. isn’t working / is not working / ’s not working
5. is improving
6. lives
7. I’m starting / I am starting
8. They’re visiting / They are visiting
9. does your father do
10. it doesn’t take
11. I’m learning / I am learning … is teaching / ’s teaching
EX6
1. believes
2. I don’t remember / I do not remember or I can’t remember
3. I’m using / I am using
4. I need
5. consists
6. does he want
7. is he looking
8. Do you recognise
9. I’m thinking / I am thinking
 10. do you think
11. he seems

EX7

1. => My brothers often sleep on the floor.

2. => Does he sometimes stay up late?/ Does he stay up late sometimes?
3. => I always do the housework with my brother.
4. => Peter and Mary never come to class on time.
5. => Why does Johnson always get good marks?
6. => Do you usually go shopping?
7. => She seldom cries.
8. => My father never has popcorn.

EX8

1 am writing
2 seems
3 are taking
4 are losing
5 am living
6 is changing
7 are building
8 belongs
9 don’t understand
10 aren’t doing
11 don’t care
12 am thinking
13 am appearing
14 gets
EX9
1. dedication 2. patriot 3. supply 4. depletion 5. Unemployment
6. urbanization 7. counter-urbanisation 8. reputation 9. charitable 10. Lifestyle
EX10
1D 7A

2B 8C

3D 9D

4D 10 B

5A

6A
EX11

1D 7A

2B 8B

3C 9C
4D 10 A

5A

6D