a45a NAMED REACTIONS

ALDOL CONDENSATIDN
delydus Ketons Lentam m ydrge mdnyo l
additien Dase
calldd aldot:
ppoouta
Jhis j lon hiatmal, m ,B wmsaluwautd aldehyde o
htent ishoumed
aldol aoddikn s a Awcten QutueaM moliu
oo Maldihyde" Ketent o u mmoliulu of alslutele
amd oliul of kitan

l.Alkal y CH-cHcH,-CHO CHCH =CH EHM

2CH- -H
& butnml
8 hydnou butanal
(aldol) . (Pre alddhydu

CHa- -chs
*CHa - -CH du Alkal C-c-
-CH,-ë-cKG cMsC CH--c,
Acetom CM

* MEChANISM (Aldengle- Alduuyde

Lattuon euible.
e
St b, a movms puoton [H) an
lempomnd cuatmg m onolate M.
carluonyl
a molate n adds to tu aneontt
t stap, tu
tanlon o ad molule ocarduonyt aompomd
 Prepare
ethaaldakyds

gusultmg migati wlu enougedPoien da

bd u ve O m t wdut uapt a

poton hon wwtu add

ho-H

CH--H CH,-C-H + Cn-M CM-n-CH-M

o
CMg-CM cM-cH
Ado
Aldods w 04ny dhgdiatd uth a m g p
teatment wuth olwa ids to hown K,B msalusatd euldeyda
A

cngcncMH
3 yoaony butanak.

e Kelonscontining yduogcn wndngol aldol wndens atioy

Goum Ketol
CH-C - cH2-ë-CM
2 CMg- -cM

MECHANISM (Kkons keton)

: cM--CMg+CH-c-cM cMsC-cM,C
Ch
4

C-C-CH-cMs Chs--Cn,-c
-H2o
N n
s
 fncpamal akde tendinmatuen.

C Ch-CH,- cH -Cn,- (M,c

4Rgdveny unanal

CH-CM2 CM D
Ch-CH2-CH
aB aalsald aldkd
henaral

- ,-c-n o
-
o-,-c-n +C,-C,- C--tn
nelal

--h.
C- Ch, -cn CH-ch

C-CM, cn -ch, - , - c -

42 ARA3 3
-h -i- Ch-Ch,-CH =CH-C -Ë-H

Ce0SSED ALODL CoN DEN3ATION

2)
ite rduna abion w

e r f ongond, (eh
wsain bydnogu)
d tiwi lp
wiugo Lorbvsapiao Puptien legeth
ud alelo
alolel
d i l u n k isra) wwgounds
Joch
 -H
C n , Ch-c-H t3-CH-C

tnoon Larbon m uatt uiuth zel ud as wtlb as

with lu taviuonf auon F 2dsdan podud

CH- 4+ , CH-CH
CH + Chs CAM-Ch
-c -H
+CMCH

pdud Cs erdrsobien podut

CHaCH-CH- -&-
-i-H
CH3 - CH
-C

CH-cH =Ci-H

Ch-CK -Ch -CH--H.

CH-Ch-è-H ca - cnz--H

-CHD + CM- C --Cho

H 2 -n2- Chz- =C
oCH

CM-CH2 - CH C -CHD + C C - C - = C - co

CH CH3
301s2

3)
CLAISEN CONDEN SATION
CH-CH2-COch
wwn ofu.
moculs d ate mdsyo a tondinu alion
uGcien, t calluel (2kto utb
uochon lain en ondons
alien.
Pacduct LA tuor

Roction

steng Ba -cH- 0-Ch,.

2 CH, CH -C O 4 CH3-Ch-

Methauum

3tep
thorg uan emond ydrou hhon th t and
melat 9on.
o aM

knolatu atauk thu danlovyl asoon o hd

wwolul

Condms auy upma

-vey tharged Oa
h Cahon Onygn T Dwnd Cc-0) amd rpuls OR

thy arut
 hycruds en

Ch-CM fo-c
CH CH -C- 0-Cn, CH-C -ocM,

-C-CM C oCM
CH-C C-CoU3 CH-C
CM3
B hto stu
M,c Cotborg
ad.
potliman podut

s
31s CANNIZZARO REACTION
4)
n ho wnu ch Loncmiiatzd alkali, aldehyds actoic
owkamung no H mduso lb udaho an
Rudiuttion to yuld a mwniut ahchel and
alt arluenglie acid
t o a ponomg

Molule oaldhyde Ceuuthd

mtoalb
mol uule w
Cauoonylic ocid Omolhu

touuspondmg aluchol
REACTIDN
So'. Na0 HooNa CH OH
HCHO +HCH1d Muhano
dodi uw
fowaldehyd omaa

CooNa
CHO ChOM

Soi wm Bewyl Auotuel

Bewmaldeyde
Beninyoat
 'o
+
-
a -8
=
BENZOIN CONDENSATION
6) Wn Mmelus Bcn zaldstuyde nuau M

Na CN m
alcolrolhorums Bemyo
RLactuo
NaCN
C-
CH OM

Benaaldhgde
2 ydruoy 1,2 diphunyl sthanon

Ro oh cN m Bmoim todubatie
As a ulopile
*Gusod laamig bvroup
3taloi lie u tatbanien (c)

Mehanso
1)Nutleopeiulee addihen a cyaide CCN) th Banpaldhyde.
Goamatiey a Laroammon.
Lendnation Reacon etuun u cabain amd aa SLLod
L
buiyaldohgde
4) ReavLmae mimt oeahon , tomouimg CN oyoup
up usult a
 a Benyom

CN
or¢H-Ht QH
+H
CN CN

H+
KLayoaMg

CN H CN H

CN

C c- Benzoin.
H

emne Ring Can

Cam also e ahan a henRin CPh) o
ugtuin
OH O
- H*
CN
P A - e +P--H
P- PA-CEH.
CN CN
>Ph-c-c-Ph
CN
YJATRL

A N AT H H Rasuamapmunt
CN
PA- PA
Ph-ë-c-Ph

J Benzoin.

.2.
 NAMED REACTIONS

)PERKINS cONDENSATIDN

inili awmatuc. aldumgd

a ondens atwn achm
aliphatio acid
m lhu pumu q
1witk anhydride o an
acid
B ayl acnyho
seeium salt Aootm
Rracuon

+CH-CD
CHO+ Ciig CooNa
cH =
CH-toon
CH-CD Cunnamc aid
Aomatie
aeie anuydrids
aldthyde

CHO +Ch, -co C CooNa

K-cH¢ -cooH

CH3 CH-Co CHs

dwmali ce muhyt unnamic aud.
alduyds
# Huthamis

STEP I

cH-Co cH Coo CH-Co

+ChecoH
CHg-co CH CO
aulau 1on
autic
unbpid

STEPT

M,-CO
-0 -cti co
CMa c o
H cH C0 CH-CD
 O

-
-

O-9 -0
 .

Z
 MICHAELL ADDITION REACTIDN

mucln phli addiio to a Cahon

a Compugat
Canben A Lond , ie Conjugated uith am olunon
elbron
udodsam
ubhdsan
suth as cavoony onp

RLactien oM
Na
C -c-R ong duuut addilby
R-CHCH--R H
R-CH
Pheduct
Na

H-CM-ë-R mjugad addtin Pradud

Na

Nuliopl uact cuuth , B wmsaturatd Colevn mpomd

oduct w wmu gab adion producd.
ith donut addituwn

Aben mutleoplice dd utpenticaly o cospen tarbon uuhersas

Abreng
wak eaus amd bulhy steng cick ass odd rukuntially t
anhon maun as MICAAEL ADDITIDN REACTION
Gemal Reactio
OH
EW
EWG
CH-E-R OH CH-CH- CH - -R
CH.=
CH+ Ewa 1 tanbo meism
EW

Ew& C H - c H - CH- C-R

EW

ibas donos Cwnkams alhat methslemw mehyken

op
e p (c zcH)
isdnlauntad
u aidie malu
to melbupleme qroup
ethylamm maitheuaung oup
doiwi
nbon, aubonuglic aud
na.
Kuten

aelvala
Bwwsatwatd Ktons u a stu, m bides uith

dorl ond am o a michaul auptocs.

 cH CH -oET
c CH - CN
6ET
Eto-c - cH CH C

MECHANISM

R-C d OH R- SH R cH-C-R R-c-eH = C-R

CE.
R-cCH
R- c

R- Ch-cH- -R
-c

Canboni aud
sep 3: La monus a preton om calpon
adds to B calloon o
Bmsatiuatd
carben'
stup22:
: enolat a poton em khe soluunt
tonpound" 0md carbon obicimb

WITTI REACTION
oa eten with
uh phesphodiom to evm
e encuon o am alnhud
eacthe.
alkune hmoon wiltig
tcam 4ntucdargng e
uatio
ownall and tla
dolle Qondud bnygen
th calvone compomd
dalle Pondid
Cnoup phophudin
CH CH3 +C) P-0

CH--cM +(C), PzueM

CM-C-ch3 uhn
Lipei c) phospiun

aC-C-cng
,cls
CeMs)P =o
AOmalsc
MECHANISM
3TEP 1
mkeoplu tic Larbeon thyl atlack Lmbenut
o keten. hu muiloplule attack eault n
othe alolebydu
thu hotmatuon pola 9tumediate hnown as tenane

STEP2
etami AoL tons mmemberud wng Drnd
tmanon Puoktunn onygen md phwphorous hot ou a

membuud ngang liminaliom phonyl onidu nesult m

alhne podutt

M-P(on) -
R
CH2
R- R
R

OPCCHs) *