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    Grammar ? II - Modal Verbs

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    ABDELGHANI EL KHABBAR
    1. The document discusses the different uses of modal auxiliary verbs in English grammar. 2. It identifies 8 uses: ability, possibility, permission, suggestion/advice, obligation, necessity, deduction/assumption, and habits/past states. 3. Each use is explained and examples are provided to illustrate the different modal verbs that fall under each use, such as "can" and "could" to express ability, or "should" and "must" to give advice or express obligation.

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    Grammar ? II - Modal Verbs

    Uploaded by

    ABDELGHANI EL KHABBAR
    9 views7 pages
    1. The document discusses the different uses of modal auxiliary verbs in English grammar. 2. It identifies 8 uses: ability, possibility, permission, suggestion/advice, obligation, necessity, deduction/assumption, and habits/past states. 3. Each use is explained and examples are provided to illustrate the different modal verbs that fall under each use, such as "can" and "could" to express ability, or "should" and "must" to give advice or express obligation.

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    It is about modal verbs

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    Grammar ?️ II - Modal Verbs

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    1. The document discusses the different uses of modal auxiliary verbs in English grammar. 2. It identifies 8 uses: ability, possibility, permission, suggestion/advice, obligation, necessity, deduction/assumption, and habits/past states. 3. Each use is explained and examples are provided to illustrate the different modal verbs that fall under each use, such as "can" and "could" to express ability, or "should" and "must" to give advice or express obligation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    9 views7 pages

    Grammar ? II - Modal Verbs

    Uploaded by

    ABDELGHANI EL KHABBAR
    1. The document discusses the different uses of modal auxiliary verbs in English grammar. 2. It identifies 8 uses: ability, possibility, permission, suggestion/advice, obligation, necessity, deduction/assumption, and habits/past states. 3. Each use is explained and examples are provided to illustrate the different modal verbs that fall under each use, such as "can" and "could" to express ability, or "should" and "must" to give advice or express obligation.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Grammar II : Modal Verbs

    These are the special features that make us able to tell the
    difference between auxiliary verbs and lexical verbs:
    1. The negation is formed by adding the negative particle not
    to the base:
    You can’t do that!
    2. The question is formed by means of inversion:
    Can you do it?
    3. They are followed by bare infinitives of lexical verbs:
    Who can speak English?
    4. Modals have the same form for all the persons in both
    singular and plural (no “-s” in the 3rd person singular).
    5. They have no infinitive form with to.

    Umar
    The Uses of the Modal Auxiliaries:
    1. Ability

    ◦ Can / Can’t:
    I can speak English.
    I can’t hear you.
    ◦ Could: - expresses an ability or opportunity in the past
    I could speak French when I was younger.
    He couldn’t repair the car yesterday.
    ◦ Be able to:
    He was able to repair the car straightaway.
    I won’t be able to meet you tomorrow.

    2. Possibility

    ◦ Can: - is used to talk about a general possibility


    It can be very cold in winter.
    The road can be blocked with snow.

    Umar
    ◦ Could:
    There could be life on other planets. (Present)
    We could move next month. (Future)
    ◦ May:
    The doctor may see you now. (Present)
    You may get better tomorrow. (Future)
    ◦ Might:
    He might still be in Venice. (Present)
    The director might retire early. (Future)

    3. Permission

    ◦ Can / Can’t:
    Can I smoke here?
    Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
    ◦ Could: - Ask Politely
    Could I use your bathroom?
    ◦ May:
    May I use the office phone, please?

    Umar
    Note:
    “May” is more formal and and less commons than “can” or “Could”.
    “Can” and “Could” are also used to make a request.

    4. Suggestion / Advice

    ◦ Could:
    We could go to the new restaurant this evening.
    ◦ Should:
    You should really go to the doctor.
    ◦ Must:
    You must try this juice – it’s delicious!
    ◦ Shall:
    Shall I tell him the truth?

    Note:
    “Should” and “Shouldn’t” are used to ask for give advice to
    someone.

    Umar
    5. Obligation

    ◦ Should:
    You should tell the police what you saw.
    ◦ Ought to:
    You ought to phone home.
    ◦ Must:
    You must circulate that report before the meeting.
    You mustn’t touch the wires.
    ◦ Have to:
    You have to wait in the queue.
    You don’t have to pay on a Friday.

    6. Necessity

    ◦ Need to:
    The report needs to be typed.
    The door doesn’t need to be painted.

    Umar
    ◦ Needn’t have:
    You needn’t have bought any milk. I’ve got plenty.

    7. Deduction and Assumption


    ◦ Can’t:
    Those calculations can’t be easy.
    ◦ Couldn’t:
    He couldn’t have done it. He wasn’t there.
    ◦ Must:
    She must be at home. The lights are on.
    It must have rained a lot in the last week.

    8. Habits and Past States

    ◦ Would:
    When I was young, we would go to the beach every
    morning.

    Umar
    ◦ Used to:
    I used to go to the cinema twice a week.
    She used to have long hair.

    Umar

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