QUESTION 1

1. A phenomenological report is considered a useful dependent variable only when a verifiable

relationship between the response and previous perceptual event can be directly inferred.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 2
1. A verbal report is correlated with a person's awareness of his or her experiences.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 3
1. Which of the following CANNOT be used to verify the accuracy of verbal reports in a perception
experiment?
a confidence ratings made by the observers
.
b reaction time
.
c measuring objective responses that depend on accurate perception of the stimulus
.
d using objectively verifiable stimuli (e.g., strings of letters presented on a
. tachistoscope)

1 points
QUESTION 4
1. According to operationism, concepts are
a defined by the operations used to measure them.
.
b difficult to define.
.
c solid only when valid and reliable.
.
d defined by one's own perceptions.
.

1 points
QUESTION 5
1. Emmert's Law relates to the size of an afterimage and viewing distance.

True

False

1 points
 QUESTION 6
1. Which of the following is NOT a fundamental issue for research in perception?
a the reliability of verbal reports
.
b the nature/nurture controversy
.
c the occurrence of auditory hallucinations
.
d the importance of past experience and innate
. factors

1 points
QUESTION 7
1. Common independent variables in studies of perception include physical features of stimuli.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 8
1. The view that the perceiver picks up the information afforded by the environment naturally and
essentially, without reflecting upon them, is referred to as
a sensational perception.
.
b top-down perception.
.
c the direct approach to perception.
.
d the indirect approach to perception.
.

1 points
QUESTION 9
1. In a Stroop task, increasing the number of congruent trials in an experiment has no effect on
reaction time for incongruent trials.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 10
1. ____ are a set of two or more operations used to eliminate alternative explanations for the results
of an experiment.
a Top-down processes
.
b Diverging operations
.
 c Bottom-up processes
.
d Converging operations
.

1 points
QUESTION 11
1. An illusion is a form of accurate perception.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 12
1. The Stroop effect
a occurs when words are named slowly due to the color in which they are printed.
.
b occurs when words are named slowly due to their physical similarity with other words presented
. in the experiment.

c occurs when colors are named slowly for words that match the color name.
.
d occurs when colors are named slowly for words that denote a color name other than the one being
. named.

1 points
QUESTION 13
1. The most important reason for a psychologist to use converging operations is to
a replicate an experimental finding to insure its reliability.
.
b define a process in terms of its operations.
.
c support inferences about processes that cannot be directly
. inferred.

d increase precision of the dependent variable.

.

1 points
QUESTION 14
1. The text concluded that the pecking responses of pigeons observed by Blough (1958) qualified as
reports because
a knowing which key was pecked provided no information as to whether the pigeon could see the
. stimulus.

b knowing which key was pecked allowed an inference as to whether the pigeon could see the
. stimulus.

c pigeons pecked keys regardless of whether they saw a stimulus.

.
d a peck on one key indicated that food would be delivered.
.
 1 points
QUESTION 15
1. A(n) _______ arises after viewing a visual stimulus for a few seconds.
a scotoma
.
b verbal report
.
c afterimage
.
d secondary perception
.

1 points
QUESTION 16
1. In establishing an objective threshold, which of the following tests is most appropriate?
a free recall
.
b verbal reports
.
c forced-choice recognition
.
d localization judgments
.

1 points
QUESTION 17
1. Which of the following is an example of evidence showing that non-perceptual processes play a
role in perception?
a Removal of a portion of the right visual cortex results in a scotoma.
.
b Perception of the steepness of a hill increases when the participants are wearing heavy
. backpacks.

c Texture gradients influence our perception of depth.

.
d A patient with blindsight (D.B.) experiences negative afterimages.
.

1 points
QUESTION 18
1. Type 2 Blindsight, according to Sahraie describes
a a dissociation between verbal awareness and perceptual capacity.
.
b a blind person's heightened sense of fear around stimuli.
.
c a blind persons feeling that a stimulus has occurred.
.
d visual capacity in a scotoma.
.

1 points
QUESTION 19
1. The ____ view of perceptual processing emphasizes the role of sensory data in determining what
is perceived.
a diverging operations
.
b bottom-up
.
c converging operations
.
d top-down
.

1 points
QUESTION 20
1. A negative afterimage is
a similar in brightness and color to the original stimulus.
.
b opposite in brightness and complementary in color to the original
. stimulus.

c complementary in brightness and opposite in color to the original

. stimulus.

d a hallucinatory effect.
.

1 points
QUESTION 21
1. Dynamic perimetry is used to measure the accuracy of an observer's motion perception.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 22
1. Which is NOT true of a phenomenological report?
a It occurs when an observer describes his or her perceptual experience.
.
b It is useful only to the extent that it provides information about an event that the experimenter
. cannot observe directly.

c It cannot be directly verified by the experimenter.

.
d It is a highly reliable source of data.
.

1 points
QUESTION 23
1. Perception provides an observer with the elements necessary for sensation.

True
 False

1 points
QUESTION 24
1. In a double dissociation of function procedure, similar behaviors are elicited by two different
tasks.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 25
1. According to the two-threshold theory, below the ____ threshold, people claim they are unaware
of the stimulus, and above the____ threshold, their behavior is sensitive to the meaning of the stimulus.
a subjective; objective
.
b subjective;
. subjective

c objective; objective
.
d objective; subjective
.

1 points
QUESTION 26
1. To be useful to a psychologist, a phenomenological report must be
a reliable.
.
b valid.
.
c verifiable by objective
. measures.

d all of these
.

1 points
QUESTION 27
1. Below the objective threshold, performance is at chance level.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 28
1. In the Stroop task there is an increase in reaction time to name the ink color when the stimulus is
the name of a color that the ink it is printed in.
 True

False

1 points
QUESTION 29
1. Masking is used
a to manipulate the extent to which an observer is aware of a stimulus.
.
b to prevent a participant from using visual cues in an experiment on auditory
. perception.

c to bias an observer to perceive a stimulus in a particular way.

.
d to prime a participant prior to the onset of a target stimulus.
.

1 points
QUESTION 30
1. The Stroop task
a involves naming the color of ink that a word is printed in.
.
b requires participants to read profane words aloud.
.
c involves naming the color of an object as it would normally occur (e.g., saying "yellow" to
. "lemon").

d requires participants to read words aloud as they are presented.

.

1 points
QUESTION 31
1. In a double dissociation of function, opposite behaviors are elicited by two different tasks.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 32
1. When context influences perception priming is said to occur.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 33
1. The warm-cool color distance illusion refers to the fact that
a blues and greens in the foreground of a picture denote three dimensions instead to two.
 .
b reddish colors appear to move toward the viewer whereas bluish his appear to recede into the
. background.

c artists use reds and yellows in the backgrounds of paintings to give the illusion of three
. dimensions.

d colors are perceived as being warmer when presented near the viewer but are judged cooler when
. moved further away.

1 points
QUESTION 34
1. When conducting an experiment on perception, it is important to control for physical aspects of
the stimulus such as duration, intensity, illumination, contrast, etc.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 35
1. Generally speaking, masking a stimulus facilitates its identification.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 36
1. The simplest dependent variable is an observer's verbal description.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 37
1. Perception without awareness has been studied by verbal reports.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 38
1. The top-down view of perceptual processing emphasizes the role of sensory information in
perception.

True
 False

1 points
QUESTION 39
1. Evidence for the limited perceptual capacity in the scotoma of blindsight persons is the failure for
people to verbally report the presence of objects in the scotoma in nearly every circumstance.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 40
1. In Marcel's Stroop experiment, the difference between the aware and unaware trials was the time
between the onset of the ____ and the ____.
a prime word; color patch
.
b prime word; mask
.
c prime word; target word
.
d mask; color patch
.

1 points
QUESTION 41
1. The Stroop effect is only demonstrated with pictures and sound as the stimuli.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 42
1. A stimulus presented to a participant is masked so that the participant is unaware that the stimulus
was presented. However, it is found that the participant's response to a later stimulus is influenced by the
masked stimulus. This is an example of
a priming.
.
b converging operations.
.
c a visual illusion.
.
d blindsight.
.

1 points
QUESTION 43
1. Persons with blindsight are
 a are aware of objects that are not visible to most observers.
.
b are unaware of objects in the scotoma.
.
c aware of objects in the scotoma.
.
d are unaware of objects in all of their visual field.
.

1 points
QUESTION 44
1. Which of the following must be controlled in research on perception?
a the motivation of the observer
.
b the emotional content of the material presented to the observer
.
c the physical characteristics of the stimulus that are not being investigated
.
d all of these
.

1 points
QUESTION 45
1. The ____ of an auditory stimulus is analogous to its pitch and the ____ of the stimulus refers to
its loudness.
a frequency; intensity
.
b waveform; intensity
.
c timbre; frequency
.
d frequency; timbre
.

1 points
QUESTION 46
1. Priming occurs when
a a perceptual event biases an observer to perceive a subsequent event in a particular way.
.
b a warning signal notifies the participant that an experimental trial is about to begin.
.
c the perception of a stimulus is prevented through the use of masking.
.
d a participant in an experiment is told in advance what to expect during the experiment.
.

1 points
QUESTION 47
1. An experimenter can be satisfied that he or she has eliminated all alternative explanations of an
experimental result if converging operations have led to the same conclusion.

True
 False

1 points
QUESTION 48
1. In Cheesman and Merikle's experiment, the standard Stroop effect was found in which of the four
conditions?
a 90% and no mask
.
b 55%, 90% and no mask
.
c 25%, 55% and 90%
.
d 25%, 55%, 90%, and no
. mask

1 points
QUESTION 49
1. Weiskrantz used the term "Type I Blindsight" to describe
a visual capacity in a blind field where there is acknowledgment of perceptive awareness.
.
b a blind person's feeling that a stimulus has occurred.
.
c a blind person's heightened sense of touch.
.
d visual capacity in a blind field when there is no acknowledgement of perceptive
. awareness.

1 points
QUESTION 50
1. Dynamic perimetry is used to
a measure the degree to which an individual is aware of a visual stimulus.
.
b test visual acuity.
.
c test for perception of movement.
.
d map the sensitive and blind areas in the visual field after accidents or surgery.
.

1 points
QUESTION 51
1. Which of the following is true?
a All responses are reports.
.
b A phenomenological report is of interest in and of itself but a response is not.
.
c A response is a report if a relationship between the response and a perceptual event can be
. indirectly inferred.

d All reports are responses.

 .

1 points
QUESTION 52
1. Masking involves presenting a disruptive stimulus immediately after a stimulus to be identified is
presented.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 53
1. Data-driven processing is to ____ as conceptually-driven processing is to ____.
a bottom-up; top-down
.
b indirect; direct
.
c primary; secondary
.
d top-down; bottom-up
.

1 points
QUESTION 54
1. Converging operations are a set of two or more operations that eliminate alternate concepts that
might explain a set of experimental results.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 55
1. Below the subjective threshold, people claim to be unaware of the stimulus.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 56
1. Color is composed of three components: hue, saturation, and brightness.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 57
1. The term phenomenological experience refers to
a the experience of an unusual event.
.
b perceiving an event from the viewpoint of another person.
.
c our verbal reports of our internal states.
.
d our internal awareness of the external world.
.

1 points
QUESTION 58
1. Phenomenological experience is the experimenter's perception of the participant's experience.

True

False

1 points
QUESTION 59
1. A tachistoscope is a device used to
a distort the appearance of visual stimuli.
.
b measure emotional responses.
.
c intensify visual illusions.
.
d display visual stimuli for carefully measured time periods.
.

1 points
QUESTION 60
1. Closely related to the direct/indirect issue is
a the distinction between bottom-up and top-down processing.
.
b the relative and innate factors.
.
c the role of converging operations in understanding perception.
.
d reliability of verbal reports of perceptual phenomena.
.