Module 4 DC Motor Generator
Module 4 DC Motor Generator
Module 4 DC Motor Generator
Module 4
0.1 Module 4
DC Generator: Principle of operation, Construction D.C. Generator, Expression of induced emf, Types
of DC Generators, Relation between induced emf and terminal voltage.
DC motors: Principle of operation, back Emf, torque equation, Types of D.C. motors (shunt and series
motors only), and applications.
0.2 DC Generator
Field coils:
Figure 1
The field winding is wound on the pole core to act
The parts of a D.C. generator are:
as an electromagnet, to produce necessary magnetic
• Yoke flux.
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0.2. DC Generator
φP = dφ
60
T ime f or one revolution is =
N
60
T ime f or one revolution is =
N
The induced emf of in one conductor is
dφ φP
= =
dt 60/N
φP N 60
= T ime f or one revolution is =
60 N
Induced emf per parallel path
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0.2. DC Generator
Ia
I L =Ia
current flowing in the load and field winding are
Ra same. The detailed diagram of shunt generator is
DC as shown in Figure 5.
Voltage G E V Load
Vf
Ia Rs
IL
Figure 3 Ra
1. DC Shunt generator
Compound generator:
2. DC Series generator
Compound generator consists of shunt and series
3. DC Compound generator. field winding for exciting DC generator. To carry
the load, series field winding is made up of a few
DC Shunt generator heavy turns of wire. The shunt field has many turns
of fine wire and caries of a small current.
In this type of generator, shunt field winding is There are two types of Compound generators
connected across the armature winding which are which are
in parallel. The detailed diagram of shunt generator
is as shown in Figure 4. 1. Long shunt Compound Generator
Ia 2. Short Shunt Compound Generator
IL
Ish
Ra
Long shunt Compound Generator
G E Rsh V Load
Ia Rs
IL
Ish
Ra
DC Series generator
In this type of generator, field winding is connected
in series with the armature winding. The field
winding is directly connected to the load, hence the Figure 6
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0.3. Problems on DC Generator
V 250
Ish = = Model paper 3 8 c) A 4 pole generator with
Rsh 50
wave wound armature has 51 slots each having 24
= 5A
conductors rotate to give an induced emf of 220 V.
What will be the voltage developed if the winding is
Ia = IL + Ish = 200 + 5 lap and the armature rotates at the same speed
= 205A Solution:
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0.3. Problems on DC Generator
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 5
0.3. Problems on DC Generator
φZN P
φZN P Eg =
Eg = × 60A
60 A 60 × A × Eg
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 400 8 N =
= × φZP
60 8 60 × 8 × 500
= 256 =
50 × 10−3 × 40 × 12 × 8
= 1250 rpm
When wave connected
φZN P
Eg = 2019 Dec 4 c (15 scheme) ) A 4 pole 1500 rpm
120
120 × Eg DC generator has lap wound armature having 24
N = slots with 10 conductors per slot. If the flux per
φZP
pole is 0.04 wb. Calculate the emf generated in the
120 × 256
N = armature. What would be the generated emf if the
40 × 10−3 × 960 × 8
winding is wave connected.
= 100 rpm
Solution:
2019 Dec 4 b (17 scheme) ) An 8 pole DC generator When lap connected:
has 500 armature conductors, and useful flux/ple of
φZN P
0.065Wb. What will be the emf generated if it is lap Eg =
connected and runs at 1000 rpm. At what speed it 60A
0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
must be driven to produce the same emf if it is wave =
60 × 4
connected.
= 240V
Solution:
When lap connected: When wave connected
φZN P φZN P
Eg = Eg =
60A 120
0.065 × 500 × 1000 × 8 0.04 × 24 × 10 × 1500 × 4
= =
60 × 8 60 × 2
= 541.67 = 480V
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0.4. Module 4
0.4 Module 4
0.5 DC Motors
magnetic field
Ra
Supply V Ia = Eb Ia + Ia2 Ra
Rsh
Voltage M Load
V where Ia2 Ra is the power loss in the armature.
where Eb Ia is the mechanical power developed in
- armature
Let T be the torque in Nw-m ω the angular
Figure 7: DC Shunt motor velocity in radian per second, then
ωT = Eb Ia
V Eb Ia
Ish = T =
Rsh ω
The back emf is represented as
Ia = IL − Ish
φZN P
V = Eb + Ia Ra + B.C.D + A.R.D Eb =
60A
where B.C.D is brush contact drop and A.R.D 2πP N
ω=
Armature reaction drop 60
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0.5. DC Motors
Speed N rpm
1. Torque Vs Armature current characteristic
(Ta/Ia)
Ta
φZN P
Eb =
Tsh 60A
Eb
N∝
φ
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0.5. DC Motors
Speed N rpm
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rse )
V − Ia (Ra + Rse )
N∝
φ
Ta In N-m 1
N∝
φ
Figure 11: DC series motor
and
DC Series Motor Characteristics:
φ ∝ Ia
1. Torque Vs Armature current character-
istic (Ta/Ia) Hence
In a DC Motor T is 1
1 P ZφIa N∝
T = Ia
2π A
T ∝ φIa From the above equation it is observed that
speed N is inversely proportional to armature
Remaining P, Z, A φ are constant.
current Ia .
φ ∝ Ia
Speed N rpm
T ∝ Ia2
After saturation the flux get constant and
hence
T ∝ Ia
Hence the curve is parabola is upto saturation
point.
Ta In N-m
Torque T in N m
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0.5. DC Motors
Speed N rpm
Ta In N-m
1
N∝√
T Figure 14: DC series motor
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0.6. Problems on DC Motor
The field current in shunt DC machine is 2A and A shunt DC machine connected to 250 V supply,
the line current is 20A at 200 V. Calculate the (i) has an armature resistance of 0.02 Ω and the field
generated emf when working as generator (ii) torque resistance of 100 Ω. Find the ratio of the speed of
i N-m when running at 1500 rpm as motor. Take the the machine as a generator to the speed as a motor,
armature resistance as 0.5 Ω. the line current in each case being 80 A.
Solution: Solution:
Armature current Shunt current
V 250
Ia = IL + Ish = 20 + 2 = 22A Ish = = = 2.5A
Rsh 100
Armature current
Eg = V + Ia Ra
= 200 + 822 × 0.5 Ia = IL + Ish = 80 + 2.5 = 82.5A
= 211V
Eg = V + Ia Ra
Ia =22A I L =20A = 250 + 82.5 × 0.12
Ish =2A
Ra = 259.9V
G E V Load
Ia =205A I L =200A
R sh Ish =5A
Ra
G E V Load
Figure 15
As a motor R sh =50
Armature current
Ra Eb = V − Ia Ra
200 V R sh M = 250 − 77.5 × 0.12
= 240.7V
I L =200A
- +
Ish =5A Ia =195A
Figure 16 R a =0.02
250 V R sh =50 M
1 Eb Ia
T =
2π N/60
1 191 × 18 -
=
2π 1500/60
= 21.9 N − m Figure 18
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0.6. Problems on DC Motor
I L =200A
+
Ng Eg Ish =5A Ia =195A
=
Nm Em R a =0.02
259.9
= 250 V R sh =50 M
240.7
= 1.08
-
3 c) A shunt generator delivers 50 kW at 250 V and
runs at 400 rpm. The armature and field resistances Figure 20
are 0.02 Ω and 50 Ω respectively. Calculate the
speed of the machine running as a shunt motor and
taking 50 kW input at 250 V. Allow 1 V per brush Ng Eg
=
for contact drop. Nm Em
Solution: Em 244.1
Nm = Ng = × 400
Eg 256.1
= 381.26 rpm
P 50 × 103
IL = = = 200A
V 250
2015-Jan 4 c) A 4 pole DC shunt motor takes 22
Shunt current
A from 220 V supply. The armature and field
V 250 resistances are 0.5 Ω and 100 Ω respectively. The
Ish = = = 5A
Rsh 50 armature is lap connected with 200 conductors. If
Armature current the flux per pole 20 mWb, Calculate the speed and
gross torque.
Ia = IL + Ish = 200 + 5 = 205A
Solution:
I L =22A
Eg = V + Ia Ra + drops +
Ish =2.2A Ia =19.8A
= 250 + 205 × 0.02 + 2 × 1
= 256.1V R a =0.5
200 V R sh =100 M
Ia =205A I L =200A
Ish =5A
Ra
-
G E V Load
Figure 21
R sh =50
Shunt current
V 220
Figure 19 Ish = = = 2.2A
Rsh 100
As a motor
Armature current
P 50 × 103
IL = = = 200A Ia = IL − Ish = 22 − 2.2 = 19.8A
V 250
Shunt current
V 250 Eb = V − Ia Ra = 220 − 19.8 × 0.5 = 210.1V
Ish = = = 5A
Rsh 50
Armature current
φZN P
Eb =
Ia = IL − Ish = 200 − 5 = 195A 60A
Eb 60A
N =
Eb = V − Ia Ra φZP
210.1 × 60 × 4
= 250 − 195 × 0.02 − 2 × 1 =
20 × 10−3 × 300 × 4
= 244.1V = 525.25 rpm
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 12
0.6. Problems on DC Motor
1 φZP Ia Solution:
T =
2π A i) voltage at the brushes
1 20 × 10−3 × 300 × 19.8 × 4
= = V − I(Ra )
2π 4
= 18.89 N − m = 220 − 40(0.25)
= 210V
2015-Jan 4 c) A 200 V lap wound DC shunt motor ii) back emf
has 800 conductors on its armature. The resistance
of the armature winding is 0.5 Ω and that of field Eb = V − I(Ra + Rs )
winding is 200 Ω. The motor takes a current of 21 = 220 − 40(0.25 + 0.5)
A, the flux per pole is 30 mWb. Find the speed and = 190V
torque developed in the motor.
Solution: iii) power wasted in armature
I L =21A = I 2 × Ra
+
Ish =1A Ia =20A = 402 × 0.5
Ra = 800W
200 V R sh =200 M Load iv) power wasted in field.
= I 2 × Ra
= 402 × 0.25
-
= 400W
Figure 22
Shunt current 2020 Jan 8 b) A 6 pole lap connected DC series
V 200 motor with 864 conductors, takes a current of
Ish = = = 1A 110 A at 480V. The armature resistance and field
Rsh 200
resistance are 0.18 Ω and 0.02 Ω respectively. The
Armature current flux per pole is 50 mwb. Calculate: i) The speed ii)
The gross torque.
Ia = IL − Ish = 21 − 1 = 20A
Solution:
0.02
IL
Eb = V − Ia Ra = 200 − 20 × 0.5 = 190V
Rs Ia
φZN P
Eb = 480 V
0.18 M
60A
Eb 60A
N =
φZP
190 × 60 × 4
=
30 × 10−3 × 800 × 4 Figure 23
= 475rpm
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs )
1 φZP Ia
T = = 480 − 110(0.18 + 0.02)
2π A
1 30 × 10−3 × 800 × 20 × 4 = 458V
=
2π 4
= 76.32 N − m
φZN P
Eb =
60A
A 220 V series motor is taking a current of 40 Eb 60A
N =
amperes. The resistance of armature is 0.5 Ω and φZP
resistance of series field is 0.25 Ω. Calculate: i) 458 × 60 × 6
=
voltage at the brushes ii) back emf iii) power wasted 50 × 10−3 × 864 × 6
in armature iv) power wasted in field. = 636 rpm
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0.6. Problems on DC Motor
φZN P
Eb =
60A
P = Eb Ia = 458 × 110 Eb 60A
N =
= 50380 W φZP
426 × 60 × 4
=
0.023 × 888 × 4
1 P ZφIa
T = = 1251.46 rpm
2π A
1 6 × 864 × 50 × 10−3 × 110
=
2π 6 2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave
= 7560.3 N − m connected armature with 1254 conductors, with flux
per pole of 22 mWb, takes 50 A for motoring. The
armature and series field coil resistances are 0.3 Ω
2019 June 7 b ) A 4 pole 230 V DC series wave and 0.2 Ω respectively. Calculate the speed and
connected armature with 1254 conductors with torque developed in watts.
flux/pole of 22 mWb, takes 50A for motoring. The
Solution:
armature and series filed coil resistances are 0.3Ω
and 0.2Ω respectively. Calculate the speed and
torque developed in Watts.
Solution: Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs )
i) For lap wound connection. The emf generated in = 230 − 50(0.3 + 0.2)
the armature is = 205V
E = V + Ia (Ra + Rsc )
= 230 + 50(0.3 + 0.2)
= 255V
φZN P
Eb =
φZN P 60A
E = Eb 60A
60A N =
E60A φZP
N = 205 × 60 × 2
φZN P 60A =
E60A 22 × 10−3 × 1254 × 4
= = 223 rpm
φZN P 60A
22 × 10−3 × 1254 × N 4
255 = ×
60 2
N = 277rpm
1 P ZφIa
T =
P 2π A
Ta = 0.159 × φIa Z ×
A 1 4 × 1254 × 50 × 10−3 × 50
4 =
= 0.159 × 22 × 10−3 × 50 × 1254 × 2π 2
2 = 997.9 N − m
= 438.6N m
Eb = V − Ia (Ra + Rs ) Eb = V − Ia (Ra )
= 440 − 50(0.28) = 220 − 22(0.5)
= 426V = 209V
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 14
0.6. Problems on DC Motor
Dr. Manjunatha P Prof., Dept of ECE, JNN College of Engg Shimoga manjup.jnnce@gmail.com 15
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