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Studying Root Report by Zafar

ROOT is a powerful open-source software framework developed by CERN for data analysis, particularly in high-energy physics. It provides tools for data storage, visualization, object-oriented programming, mathematical and statistical analysis, and parallel processing of large datasets. ROOT has become a standard analysis tool in particle physics and plays a crucial role in enabling researchers to gain insights from complex experimental data.

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39 views

Studying Root Report by Zafar

ROOT is a powerful open-source software framework developed by CERN for data analysis, particularly in high-energy physics. It provides tools for data storage, visualization, object-oriented programming, mathematical and statistical analysis, and parallel processing of large datasets. ROOT has become a standard analysis tool in particle physics and plays a crucial role in enabling researchers to gain insights from complex experimental data.

Uploaded by

zafarsahito185
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Introduction to ROOT:

ROOT is a powerful software framework widely used in the field of data analysis, particularly in
high-energy physics (HEP). Developed by CERN (European Organization for Nuclear
Research), ROOT serves as a comprehensive tool for managing, processing, and visualizing
large datasets. In this discussion, we'll explore ROOT's key features, its role in data analysis,
and its significance in the scientific community.

**1. ** Introduction to ROOT:

ROOT stands for "CERN's C++ Object-Oriented Toolkit." It was initially developed in the late
1990s to address the growing needs of the high-energy physics community in handling complex
datasets generated by experiments like those conducted at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC).
ROOT is an open-source software framework designed to facilitate various aspects of data
analysis, from data storage to visualization.

**2. ** Data Storage and I/O:

One of ROOT's fundamental capabilities is its ability to handle large datasets efficiently. It
provides a hierarchical data storage system where information is stored in a tree-like structure.
This structure, known as a ROOT file, allows researchers to organize and access data in a way
that reflects the experimental setup. Moreover, ROOT's I/O (Input/Output) capabilities are
optimized for speed, crucial when dealing with massive datasets generated in particle physics
experiments.

**3. ** Object-Oriented Design:

ROOT is built on a foundation of object-oriented programming (OOP) principles. This design


choice allows physicists to model experimental data using objects that represent real-world
entities, such as particles or detectors. This makes the code more modular, reusable, and easier
to maintain. The use of C++ as the programming language also contributes to the efficiency and
flexibility of ROOT.

**4. ** Mathematics and Statistics Libraries:

To perform rigorous data analysis, ROOT incorporates a rich set of mathematical and statistical
libraries. These libraries include tools for fitting functions to data, performing statistical tests, and
carrying out complex mathematical operations. Researchers can leverage these capabilities to
extract meaningful information from experimental data, helping them make informed
conclusions about fundamental particles and their interactions.

**5. ** Visualization Tools:

ROOT provides a suite of visualization tools that enable researchers to explore and interpret
their data. The TCanvas class, for instance, allows for the creation of publication-quality plots
and graphs. Additionally, the TBrowser interface provides an interactive way to navigate through
the hierarchical structure of ROOT files, inspecting and visualizing different components of the
data.

**6. ** Monte Carlo Simulation:

In addition to analyzing experimental data, ROOT supports Monte Carlo simulations—a crucial
aspect of particle physics research. Monte Carlo simulations involve generating random
samples to model complex physical processes. ROOT provides libraries and functionalities for
creating, running, and analyzing Monte Carlo simulations, allowing researchers to compare
simulated results with experimental data.

**7. ** Parallel Processing:

With the increasing volume of data generated by modern experiments, parallel processing has
become essential for timely analysis. ROOT incorporates parallelization techniques, enabling
researchers to take advantage of multi-core architectures and distributed computing
environments. This feature significantly accelerates the analysis of large datasets, contributing
to more efficient and timely research outcomes.

**8. ** Community Collaboration:

ROOT's open-source nature has fostered a collaborative environment within the scientific
community. Physicists from around the world contribute to its development, ensuring that it
remains at the forefront of technological advancements. The collaborative aspect also facilitates
knowledge exchange and the sharing of best practices in data analysis.

**9. ** Integration with Other Tools:

ROOT is designed to integrate seamlessly with other software tools commonly used in the
scientific community. This interoperability allows researchers to combine the strengths of ROOT
with specialized tools for specific tasks, creating a comprehensive and adaptable analysis
environment.

**10. ** Impact on Particle Physics Research:


The adoption of ROOT has had a profound impact on the field of particle physics. It has become
a standard tool for analyzing data from experiments at CERN and other high-energy physics
laboratories worldwide. ROOT's versatility and scalability make it well-suited for a wide range of
experiments, from those exploring the fundamental building blocks of matter to those
investigating the properties of dark matter and energy.

In conclusion, ROOT plays a crucial role in the realm of data analysis, particularly in the context
of high-energy physics. Its robust features for data storage, object-oriented design,
mathematical tools, visualization capabilities, and collaboration support make it an
indispensable tool for researchers seeking to unravel the mysteries of the universe through the
analysis of complex datasets. As technology and scientific inquiries continue to evolve, ROOT
remains at the forefront of empowering physicists to extract meaningful insights from vast and
intricate datasets.

The ROOT directory:

The "ROOT directory" usually refers to the top-level directory in the file structure created by the
ROOT framework to organize and store data and analysis results. It serves as the main
directory where ROOT files, containing data and analysis objects, are often stored and
accessed.

We studied 4 major root directories


1 afs

2 workfs: It has 5G Storage

3 besfs:It has 50GB Storage

4 scratchfs: It has 500 GB storage

We have set many commands:


Some of them are given beloy

If we use (pwd) it will show our path that where we are exactly.
If we use (ls) it will show our job options
we use (cd) to go to specific place

we use (.ls ) to see root tree


We use (rl) to open a root
We use (.q) to exit

We use (v) to open a .cxx file


We use (gv) to open a eps file
:Wq is used to change and save a file

Under root directory we may have several documents like


.tcshrc
.csh
and many more

Job Options

* We have several job options to draw


* Plot
* Cuts
* event selection

Here is an example
We use a job option to draw a plot

rl plot_data_kpetap_VS_kmetap.cxx

h4->Draw("mb_etap")
It is used for a graph

To draw an scattered plot

h4->Draw("mb_kpetap:mb_kmetap", "chi5c_2gamma_eta<40", "colz")

In ROOT, the "colz" option in the " Draw" function is used to specify the drawing option for 2D
histograms. It stands for "color plot," and it indicates that the 2D histogram should be displayed
with a color scale. Each bin in the histogram is assigned a color based on the bin's content,
allowing you to visualize the distribution of values in the two-dimensional space specified by
"mb_kpetap" and "mb_kmetap" with colors. The color scale is typically shown alongside the plot,
providing a quick reference for the values associated with different colors.

I'm attaching some graphs as an instance which I created using above job options

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