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Learning Outcome

At the end of the lesson, student should be able

DKK12103 to:-
Introduction to Occupational • Define important terminologies in OSH
• Identify the history of OSH
Safety
• Determine the important of OSH in industry
• Classify the OSH requirement by
Topic 1: Introduction to OSH
international and national organizations

DKKP, Kolej TESDEC 07/2018/Rev00

Safety 1.1 Introduction

Unsafe
Health
Condition
1.1.1 Terminology
• Safety –
Unsafe Act Occupational
The condition of being safe; freedom from danger,
risk or injury.
Terminologies
or
the state of being safe from the risk of experiencing
Near Miss OSH
or causing injury, danger, or loss.

(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton

Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company)
Accident Hazard

1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.1 Terminology
• Health – • Occupational –
A state of complete physical, mental and social Relating to, or engagement in a particular
well-being and not merely the absence of occupation.
disease or infirmity.
(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton
Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company)
(World Health Organization, WHO)

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1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.1 Terminology PROFIT
• OSH –
A multidisciplinary field concerned with the BUSINESS /
safety, health, and welfare of people at work. INDUSTRY
QUALITY
(https://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/occupational+safety+and+health)

SAFETY
OCCUPATION / HEALTH
WORKPLACE
ENVIRONMENT

1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.1 Terminology
• Hazard – • Accident –
source or a situation with a potential for harm in An unexpected and undesirable event which
terms of human injury or ill health, damage to resulted injuries/illness to people and/or damage
property, damage to the environment or a (loss) to assets and the environment.
combination of these.

(HIRARC Guideline, DOSH Malaysia)

(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth

Edition. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company)

1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.1 Terminology

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1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

1.1.1 Terminology 1.1.1 Terminology
• Near Miss – • Unsafe act –
An unplanned event that has the potential to Performance of a task or other activity that is
cause, but DOES NOT actually result in injury, conducted in a manner that may threaten the
environmental or equipment damage, or an health and/or safety of workers.
interruption to normal operation. (Example: Lack of or improper use of PPE,
Failure to tagout/lockout, operating equipment at
unsafe speed)

(American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fifth Edition.

Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company)

1.1 Introduction
1.1.1 Terminology
• Unsafe condition –
A condition in the work place that is likely to
cause property damage or injury.
(Example: Poor housekeeping, uneven walking
surfaces, poor ventilation)

1.1 Introduction
Unsafe act or unsafe condition?

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1.1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction

Unsafe act or unsafe condition? Unsafe act or unsafe condition?

1.1 Introduction 1.2 History of OSH

1.2.1 International
Harry McShane,
Unsafe act or unsafe condition? child labour in 1908
had his arm ripped
off from the
shoulder and
broken leg with no
compensation

1473
1713 Mid – late 1700s
Ellenborg (German 1802
1556 Ramazzini (father (18th century)
physician) The UK’s Factory 1972
Agricola (German of occupational Industrial
published first Act arose out of
scholar) described medicine) Revolution in Lord Alfred Robens
known pamphlets concerns over poor
the diseases of suggested that Britain (Chairman of Royal
on occupational health among
miners diagnosis doctors Safety Commission
disease of gold Industrial accident children and
(recommended should ask patients Report)
miners (symptoms arose out of women working in
ventilation) about their
& metal fumes Factory System cotton mills
occupations.
control)

Factory system
Domestic System

1.2 History of OSH 1.2 History of OSH

1.2.1 International 1.2.2 National
• In1972 , Lord Robens, Chairman of a Royal Safety
Commission Report noted that: • Important concept in OSHA 1994 is self-
– too many OSH legislation, regulation (based on the Robens’ Report)
– fragmented,
– limited in coverage (specific hazards & workplace), • Self-regulation: controlling of a process or
– out of date and difficult to update, activity by the people or organization that
– inflexible, are involved in it rather than by an outside
– people thought safety was what government organization such as government.
inspectors enforced.
(Gunningham, 2011)
• Lord Robens recommended : Self regulation

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1.2 History of OSH 1.2 History of OSH

1.2.2 National 1.2.2 National - Bright Sparklers Fireworks
• Enacted in Malaysia in 1994 after the 1991 Disaster
Bright Sparkler accident in Sungai Buloh
• Bright Sparklers Fireworks Disaster
– 7th May 1991, Sg. Buloh
– Factory caught fire
– Huge explosion
– 26 died & >100 injured

1.3 Important of OSH 1.3 Important of OSH

1.3.1 Company/Employer 1.3.1 Company/Employer
• Improve quality & productivity Direct cost
Workers’
compensation
• Company’s reputation
Training of
• Reduce absenteeism Cost replacement
workers
• Reduce cost Repair of
Indirect cost damaged
property

Delayed schedule

1.3 Important of OSH 1.3 Important of OSH

1.3.1 Company/Employer 1.3.2 Worker/Employee
THE REAL COSTS OF AN ACCIDENT

Direct costs are

often just the “tip of • Medical Bills • Avoid accident
the iceberg”.
• Prompt treatment
• Worker’s comfort
• Improve morale
• Building & property damage
Indirect costs can be • Work delay & interruptions • Sufficient compensation
50 times or greater
the direct costs of • Hiring, training of new employees
injuries and illnesses. • Overtime

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1.4 OSH Requirement 1.4 OSH Requirement

1.4.1 International Level 1.4.1 International Level
• International Labour Organization (ILO)
– Standard
– Code of Practice

• The 10 decent work deficits

– Employer’s/industry’s responsibility
– No. 8; Unsafe work environment

1.4 OSH Requirement 1.4 OSH Requirement

1.4.2 National Level 1.4.2 National Level
• National Council for Occupational Safety • National Council for Occupational Safety and
and Health (NCOSH), Malaysia. Health (NCOSH), Malaysia.
• Federal Department; Department of – under Ministry of Human Resources
Occupational Safety and Health (DOSH – a supreme body responsible for
• Federal Agency; National Institute of determining the direction and policy of the State
Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
– main objective; to have a continuous effort by the
• Federal Agency; The Social Security government to ensure the safety, health and
Organization (SOCSO) welfare of employees in the workplace is secure

1.4 OSH Requirement 1.4 OSH Requirement

1.4.2 National Level 1.4.2 National Level
• Federal Bodies • Federal Bodies
– Department of Occupational Safety and Health – National Institute of Occupational Safety and
(DOSH) Health (NIOSH)
• under Ministry of Human Resources • assist employers and employees to manage
• responsible for the administration, execution and Occupational Safety and Health ( OSH ) in their
organization effectively.
enforcement of legislations related to occupational
safety and health of the country • responsible as education (training provider) and
research centre

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1.4 OSH Requirement References

1.4.2 National Level - American Heritage® Dictionary of the English
Language, Fifth Edition. Houghton Mifflin
• Federal Bodies Harcourt Publishing Company.
– The Social Security Organization (SOCSO)
- Department of Occupational Safety and
• Administer, execute & Enforce the Employees’ Social
Security Act 1969 and Employees’ Social Security
Health (DOSH) Malaysia.
(General) Regulations 1971. - HIRARC Guideline, DOSH Malaysia.
• Carries out accident prevention activities; - International Labour Organization (ILO)
increasing safety awareness & occupational health
programs amongst employers & employee - National Institute of Occupational Safety and
Health (NIOSH)
- World Health Organization (WHO)

~ Thank You For Your Attention ~

Any question?