Content

Revision
Chapter
0 The Art of Mathematical Thinking (1)

1 Directed Numbers

2 Basic Algebra

3 Patterns and Sequences

4 Basic Geometry

5 Basic Concepts of Percentages

6 Introduction to Statistical Graphs

7 Areas and Volumes of Simple Figures

8 Ratio and Rate

9 Symmetry and Transfomation

10 Introduction to Coordinates

11 Operations of Algebraic Expressions

12 Linear Equations in Two Unknowns

Revision
A. Vocabulary Revision

+ Add / Plus

5-2 5 Minus 2 / Subtract 2 from 5

3× 4 3 times 4

8÷3 Divide 8 by 3
1
1 over 2
2

B. Warm-up

1. 78 − 84 2. 5 .6 ÷ 0 .4

3. 120 × 49 4. 100 − 7 × 3 − 21 × 18 ÷ 4.5

19 23 1 6
5. + 6. −
2 4 2 17
19 × 23 1× 6×
= + = −
2× 4 2× 17 ×
34
= + = −
4

= =

7. Convert the following fractions into decimal numbers:

2 1
(a) (b)
5 8
= ÷ = ÷

= =
8. Convert the following decimal numbers into fractions:

(correct to 5 decimal places.)

(a) 0.2 (b) 0.3

= =

= =

9. Write out the following recurring decimals to 5 decimal places:

(a) 0.6& (b) 0.2& 5&

= =

5 3 4 21
10. × 11. ×
8 15 7 32
× ×
= =
× ×

= =

Exercises
1 3 4 6 2
1. 3+ + 2. ÷ ×
6 8 9 9 3

1 1 2 1 3 2 1 1 1
3. 3 +2 × 4. ( + )× 5. (1 − − )+
6 2 3 8 8 3 6 3 8
 Chapter 0
The Art of Mathematical Thinking (1)

Unit Objectives
¾ To study the steps of solving problems.
¾ To learn different strategies of solving problems

Basic steps to solve problem:

1. Observe (understand the problem)
2. Try (work out a plan)
¾ Act on it
¾ Trial and error
¾ Look for a pattern
¾ Simplify the problem
¾ Draw a diagram
¾ Work backwards
3. Verify (check your answer)

Exercise
No exercise for this chapter.

***End of Chapter 0***

 Chapter 1
Directed Numbers

Basic Knowledge:

2
-1, -20.5, − 5 negative numbers
3
49
2, , 33.3& 4& positive numbers
89
< is less than
> is greater than

Important Concepts and Formulas:

Rules for Division

Rules for Multiplication (+) (+)
= (+) = ( −)
(+)(+) = (+) (+)(-) = (-) ( −) ( −)
(-)(-) = (+) (-)(+) = (-) ( −) ( −)
= (+) = ( −)
( −) (+)

Basic Questions:
1. The line below is a number line.

Find the values of A, B and C.

A= ,B= ,C=
2. Arrange the following groups of numbers in ascending order and put a “<” sign

between two numbers.

(a) +1, -2, -3, -4

_______________________________________________________

(b) +6, -4, +3, -1

_______________________________________________________

(c) -4 –3, -1, 0, -7, +2

_______________________________________________________

3. Arrange the following groups of numbers in ascending order and put a “>” sign
between two numbers.
(a) –2, +1, +3, 0

____________________________________________________

(b) +12, -1, -5, +8

___________________________________________________

(c) –6, -7, -13, +4

___________________________________________________

4. Use the given horizontal number line to find the values of the following
expressions.

(a) (+6) + (+3) (a) _________

(b) (−6) + (+7) (b) _________
(c) (−9) + (−1) (c) _________
(d) (+7) + (−7) (d) _________
(e) (+3) − (+8) (e) _________
(f) (+2) − (−2) (f) _________
5. Evaluate the following expressions.

−9
(a) [10.2 − (−3.4) ÷ 17]× (−50) (b) ÷ (−0.8)
4 + (−2.5)

⎡⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛ 5 3 ⎞⎤ ⎛ 2⎞ ⎛ 3⎞
(c) 9 − ⎢⎜ − ⎟ − ⎜ + ⎟⎥ (d) ⎜ − ⎟ × (+ 0.7 ) ÷ ⎜ − 1 ⎟
⎣⎝ 8 4 ⎠ ⎝ 8 4 ⎠⎦ ⎝ 7⎠ ⎝ 5⎠

⎡2 1 ⎤ ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎡ 1 ⎤
(e) 1 − ⎢ − ⎥ ×⎜− ⎟ − 2 2 × ⎢0.25 −
(− 8)⎥⎦
(f)
⎣ 3 (− 0.5) ⎦ ⎝ 5 ⎠ 2 ⎣
Harder Questions:
1. Use positive numbers to represent heights above sea-level and negative numbers
to represent heights below sea-level and answer the following questions.

(a) 6m above sea-level

(b) 15m above sea-level

(c) 20m below sea-level

(d) 8m below sea-level

(e) Write out the above heights in ascending order.

_____________________________________

2. Use a positive number to denote a distance of walking due east and a negative
number to denote a distance of walking due west.
Tom and his younger brother Jerry walk from their home to distances –15m and
+5m respectively.
(a) What is the direction of Tom from their home?

(b) What is the distance between Jerry and Tom?

3. In a test consisting of 30 multiple choice questions, 3 marks are awarded for a

correct answer, 2 marks are deducted for a wrong answer and 1 mark is deducted
for each blank left. Mary had attempted 20 questions and all answers were correct.
Sue had attempted 28 questions but only 24 answers were correct.
(a) Find Mary’s score.

(b) Find Sue’s score.

(c) What is the difference between their scores?

4. A hot air balloon ascends from the ground by 500m. It then descends by 185m and
finds itself at the same height as the top of mountain X. From there, the balloon
ascends again by 500m. it then descends by 515m and finds itself at the same
height as the top of mountain Y. Find
(a) the heights of mountain X and mountain Y;

(b) the difference between the heights of mountain X and mountain Y.

5. Linda pays her train fares with her octopus card every day.
(a) One morning, she went to work by train as usual. The fare was $4.9, but the
value on her octopus card was $1.8 only. What value on her card did the
machine show at the exit?

(b) When Linda went home, she added $100 to her octopus card. What was the
value on her card immediately after this increase?

(c) What was the value on her card when she got home after her usual journey?

***End of Chapter 1***

 Chapter 2
Basic Algebra

Basic Knowledge:

Add 7 to an unknown number x+7

a times b ab
a times a a2

Basic Questions:
1. Use algebraic expression to represent each of the following.

(a) Add –5 to an unknown number.

(b) Subtract 69 from an unknown number.

(c) Multiply an unknown number by –4.2

(d) Divide an unknown number by 8.

(e) Multiply an unknown number by 3 and then divide the product by 7.

(f) Subtract an unknown number from 6, then add this difference to –16.

2. Use the method of substitution to find the value of the subject in each formula
below.

(a) K = 273 + T (T = 17, K = ?) (b) P = 6 x ( x = 6, P = ?)

1
(c) S = 180(n − 2) (n = 9, S = ?) (d) S = n(n + 1) (n = 16, S = ?)
2
 5
(e) C= ( F − 32) ( F = 86, C = ?)
9

(f) P = mgh (m = 50, g = 9.8, h = 3, P = ?)

3. Solve the following equations.

1 3
(a) x−4=8 (b) p+ =
2 4

2 25
(c) 4h − 1 = −5 (d) 9m − =
3 3

y 3 1
(e) − = 24 (f) y=−
4 14 4

4. When 3 is subtracted from a certain number and the difference is divided by 4,

the result is 5. Find the number.
Harder Questions:
1. Use algebraic expressions to represent the following sentences.
(a) Add 4 to three-quarters of d and multiply the sum by 9.

(b) Subtract 5 from half of e and multiply the result by itself.

(c) Subtract the product of 4 and m from the sum of n and 7.

2. Use the method of substitution to find the value of the subject in each of the
following formulas.
1
(a) S= n(n + 1)(n + 2) (n = 5, S = ?)
6

uv 1
(b) f = (u = 10, v = 2 , f = ?)
u+v 2

3. Son: Father, may I have more pocket money, please?

Father: Okay Sam, I have 3 ten-dollar coins and some two-dollar coins in my
wallet, and they worth $46 altogether. You can have them all if you
work out how many two-dollar coins there are.
Use an equation to help Sam find out the number of two-dollar coins in his
father’s wallet.
4. Amy is taking a special diet in order to lose weight. She expects that her weight
can be reduced by 3 kg every month and that 6 months later her weight will
become 48 kg. What is Amy’s weight at present?

5. The cost of x apples is $4 x and that of y oranges is $5 y .

Denote the total cost of x apples and y oranges by $C .
(a) Write down a formula to find C using x and y .

(b) Using the formula in (a), find the total cost of 6 apples and 8oranges.

6. The Students’ Union is going to run a camp at the ABC Centre. The rent $C of
the Centre is calculated using the formula:
C = 500 + 25n + 60h.
In the formula, n is the number of students who take part, and h is the time (in
hours) that the Centre will be rented.
(a) The Students’ Union plans to rent the Centre for 5 hours, and expects 20 to
35 students to take part. Find the maximum and minimum rents.

(b) The detail of the training camp is finalized as follows: the Students’ Union
will rent the Centre for 6hours and 32 students will take part. The school will
subsidize $700 for the camp, and the students taking part will share the rest
of the expenses. How much does each participating student have to pay?

***End of Chapter 2***

 Chapter 3
Pattern and Sequences

Basic Knowledge:

Triangular
numbers
We use a certain number of dots to form a triangle, this
number can be called a triangular number.
n(n + 1)
e.g. 1, 3, 6, 10, …,
2

Square
numbers
We use a certain number of dots to form a square, this
number can be called a square number.
e.g. 1, 4, 9, 16, …, n 2

Basic Questions:
2. Write down the next 3 terms in each of the following sequences.
(a) 1, 5, 9, 13, ( ), ( ), ( ), …
(b) 1, 3, 9, 27, ( ), ( ), ( ), …
(c) 64, 32, 16, 8 ( ), ( ), ( ), …
1 1 1
(d) 1, , , ( ), ( ), ( ), …
2 3 4
(e) 1, -1, 2, -2, 3, -3 ( ), ( ), ( ), …

3. Suppose there are n terms in each of the following sequences, guess its number
pattern in terms of n.
(a) 2, 4, 6, 8, …
 (b) -2, -4, -6, -8, …

(c) 5, 10, 15, 20, …

(d) 1, 3, 5, 7, …

3. Given that 2n − 1 is the number pattern of a sequence, find

(a) the first 5 terms,

(b) the 15th term of the sequence.

4. Complete the following table.

n=1 n=2 n=3 n=4

(a) (n + 1)(n + 2)

(b) 3n − 8

2n
(c) n +1

(d) 12 − 5n
Harder Questions:
1 1 1 1
1. Consider the sequence 1, , , , ,….
2 3 4 5
(a) Write down the next 3 terms of the sequence.

_____________________

(b) Express the value of the nth term of the sequence in n.

_____________________

(c) Use the result of (b) to find the 20th term of the sequence.

______________________

3 4 5 6
2. Consider the sequence 2, , , , ,….
2 3 4 5
(a) Write down the next two terms of the sequence.

______________________

(b) Express the nth term of the sequence in terms of n.

______________________

(c) Use the result of part (b) to find

(i) the 30th term;

________________

(ii) the 31st term of the sequence.

________________

(d) Compare the 30th term and the 31st term of the sequence, which one is
greater? By how much?
3. In each of the following sequences, find the first 5 terms of that sequence by
substituting 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5respectively for n.
(a) a n = 7 n

(b) an = n 2

n
(c) an =
n +1

(d) a n = n(n + 3)

4. Suppose there are n terms in each of the following sequences, guess its number
pattern in terms of n.
(a) –1, 1, –1, 1, …

(b) 1, -2, 4, -8, … (tips: [everything] to the power 0 is equal to 1)

***End of Chapter 3***

 Chapter 4
Basic Geometry
A. Vocabulary

(1) Angles

x is an acute angle (<90°) y is a right angle (=90°))

z is an obtuse angle (>90° but <180°)

a is a straight angle (=180°)

b is a reflex angle (>180° but <360°)

c is a round angle (=360°)

(2) Triangles

Acute-angled triangle Right-angled triangle Obtuse-angled triangle

(The largest angle is an (The largest angle is a (The largest angle is an
acute angle) right angle) obtuse angle)

Isosceles triangle
Scalene triangle Equilateral triangle
(There are two equal
(All sides are NOT equal) (All sides are equal)
sides)
The sum of the interior angles of a triangle is 180 o

[Abbreviation: ∠ sum of △]

(3) Polygons

Triangle (3 sides) Quadrilateral (4 sides)

Pentagon (5 sides) Hexagon (6 sides)

B. Basic Geometric Knowledge

(1) Points, Lines and Planes

Plane

Line

Point of intersection Line of intersection Planes

(2) Angles

x = ∠ABC y = ∠PQR

C. Special Lines

AB and EF are parallel line. When ∠MOP = 90° , we say MO is

perpendicular to NP. ( MO ⊥ NP )
D. Circles

z O is the centre

z OB is the radius

z AOC is the diameter

z OC is an arc

E. Triangle

z AB, AC and BC are called the sides of ΔABC

z ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°
(Reason: angle sum of triangle)

F. Polygon

Equilateral polygon (All sides are equal)

Equiangular polygon (All angles are equal)

Regular polygon (All the sides and angles are equal)

Basic Questions:
1. Classify each of the following angles as acute angle, right angle, obtuse angle,
straight angle, reflex angle or round angle.

(a) _____________

(a) (b) (b) _____________

(c) _____________

(d) _____________
(c) (d)

(e) _____________

(f) _____________
(e) (f)

2. Express each of the following angles in degrees.

1 1
(a) right angle (b) straight angle (a) ________ (b) ________
3 6
5 13
(c) straight angle (d) round angle (c) ________ (d) ________
18 20
4
(e) round angle (f) 1.2 right angles (e) ________ (f) ________
5
(g) 2 straight angles (h) 0.4 right angle (g) ________ (h) ________

3. Name the following marked angle in 4 ways.

______________________________
4. In each of the following, find x and y.

x = ___________

x = ____________

y = ____________

5. Find the values of the following unknowns.

You are required to show your steps clearly.

 (Hint: find a and c first)
6. Which of the following solids has uniform cross section?

7. Which of the following nets can be folded into a cube?

8. Draw the cross-sections of the given solids when it is cut along the dotted line.
Harder Questions:
1. Find the following triangles in the given figure and name each triangle using the
capital letters in the figure.
(a) An equilateral triangle
_______________

(b) An isosceles triangle.

_______________

(c) A right-angled triangle.

_______________

2. In the figure, ∠POQ = 23°, ∠POR = 90° and ∠QOS = 90°

(a) Find ∠QOR.

(b) Find ∠ROS.

4. [In this question, use a pair of compasses and a ruler for construction.]
Draw a line segment PQ 2.5 cm long. With Pas centre and radius 1.5 cm , draw a
circle. With Q as centre and radius 2 cm, draw another circle such that the two
circles drawn intersect at two points X and Y.

Join P and X, X and Q.

Measure ∠PXQ.

__________________
5. (a) Use a pair of compasses and a ruler to construct a triangle XYZ with
XY = 5.1 cm, YZ = 4.5 cm and XZ = 2.4 cm.

(b) Measure ∠XYZ. (b) ___________

9. Find the sum of the marked angles in each of the following plygon.

***End of Chapter 4***

 Chapter 5

Concepts of
Percentages
Important facts to remember:
Basic Questions:
1. Change each of the following into percentage.
5 47
(a) (b) 0.25 (c)
2 100

1 47
(d) 25 (e) (f)
25 1000

2. (a) What percentage of 45 is 36?

(b) What percentage of $75 is $105?

TIPS: In general, if we want to find out what percentage of y is x, we can

x
first form the fraction , then convert it into a percentage.
y
3. Find the value of each of the following.
(a) 30% of 110 (b) 45% of 160

8
(c) 160% of 180 cm (d) 65% of kg
13
4. Find the percentage increase in each of the following.
(a) An increase from 50 to 85.

(b) An increase from $24 to $36.

5. Find the percentage decrease in each of the following.

(a) A decrease from 100 to 65.

(b) A decrease from 140 kg to 35 kg.

6. In each of the following, find the profit %

(a) Cost price = $20, selling price = $22.

(b) Cost Price = $400, selling price = $500.

7. In each of the following, find the loss %

(a) Cost price = $15, selling price = $12.

(b) Cost Price = $600, selling price = $300.

8. Complete the following table.

Marked price Selling price Discount %

$2500 $2250 (a) (a) _________
(b) $12800 20% (b) _________
$16800 (c) 15% (c) _________
(d) $26.6 5% (d) _________
$480 (e) 70% (e) _________
$37.5 $22.5 (f) (f) _________

9. In each of the following, find the discount %.

(a) Marked price = $400, selling price = $320.

(b) Marked price = $256, selling price = $64.

10. In each of the following, find

(i) The discount,
(ii) The selling price.
(a) Marked price = $100, discount % = 20%.

(b) Marked price = $350, discount % = 12%.

Harder Questions:
1. Find the unknown in each of the following.
(a) 1200 is a% of 1500 (b) 6.25% of c is 50.

(c) 75 g is e% of 25 g. (d) $8 is 0.4% of $f.

1
2. A farmer collected 1600 watermelons from his farm. If 7 % of the
2
watermelons were rotten, how many watermelons were not rotten?

3. There are 1500 students in a school and 80% of them wear glasses. If 54% of the
students who wear glasses are boys and 23% of the students who do not wear
glasses are boys, how many girls are there in that school?

4. Complete the following table.

(Part (a) has been done for you as an example.)

Original value New value Percentage change

(a) 500 600 +20%
(b) $2 $1.5
(c) 88 cm 99 cm
(d) 285℃ 330.6℃
(e) 60 ㎏ 56.4 ㎏
5. The number of residents in a small village has dropped by 15% since last year. If
there are 221 residents in the village this year, how many residents were there in
the village last year?

6. In this year, there are 106800 candidates sitting fro the HKCE Mathematics
examination. The passing rate is 70% which is 4% lower than that of last year.
What was the number of candidates who passed the Mathematics examination in
last year?

7. During an economic depression, a shopkeeper Mr. Chan sold a popular TV game

at $162 each and he lost 10%. Later, the economy recovered and the selling price
of the TV game was then increased by 20%.
(a) Did Mr. Chan make any profit in selling a TV game?

(b) Find the profit% / loss%.

8. At the clearance sale of an office equipment store, the items shown in the table
below are sold at different discount per cent.
(a) Complete the table.

Item Marked price Selling price Discount Discount %

Bookshelf $1200 5%
Calculator $280 $210
Cash register $1600 $200
Chair $190 $10
Copier $14700 30%

(b) The company has also bought a slide projector at a cost price of $5000. It is
marked 40% above the cost and sold at 20% discount during the clearance
sale. Find
the profit

the profit percent

9. The cost price of a car is $120000. if the agent raises the cost price by 20% as the
marked price and offers a 10% discount to the customers,
(a) What is the marked price of the car?

(b) What is its selling price?

(c) What is the profit percent made by the agent?

***End of Chapter 5***

 Chapter 6

Introduction to
Statistical Graphs
Example of Statistical Graphs:
Basic Questions:
1. (a) Organize each of the following 2 sets of data into a frequency distribution
table. (Group the data into class intervals first if necessary.)

Set A: 51.0, 17.2, 40.2, 18.8, Set B: 17, 12, 12, 18, 13,
21.4, 20.3, 18.6, 44.1 17, 12, 12, 18, 13,
12.3, 33.4, 33.8, 22.1 14, 14, 15, 18, 17,
40.0, 35.6, 42.5, 19.2, 13, 13, 17, 16, 18,
52.9, 36.3, 22.2, 16.3. 11, 13, 15, 18, 18.
Set A
Class Interval Tally Frequency
12-20

Set B

(b) Which one, Set A or Set B, do you think should be grouped into intervals?

2. A certain karaoke wanted to find out the total number of hours that its customers
spent in the shop each month. A survey was conducted and the following data
was collected.
Time (h) 0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29
Frequency 15 11 7 4 1 2
(a) Which class interval has the lowest frequency?

(b) How many customers spent 14 hours or less a month in that karaoke?
3. In a survey, 50 students were asked to name the brand of CD players he or should
would like to buy, and the result is recorded as follows:

K A S S H S K C P A
S A A K S H P P A S
C K S S P A P C H S
A K S S P A P C H S
S S S A K K H A K H

A: Ai Wai C: City Son H: Harp K: Ken Good P: Pen Sonic S: Soly

According to the given data above, complete the frequency distribution table
below.
Brand Tally Frequency
Ai Wai
City Son
Harp
Ken Good
Pen Sonic
Soly

4.
Mr. Wong calculates that his monthly
expenditure is $13500. The pie chart shows
how the money is spent.

(a) On which item does he spend the

most?

(b) What is the measure of the angle in the

sector corresponding to the item
“Clothing”? (You need not use a
protractor.)

(c) How much does he spend each month on

clothing?
5. The following compound bar chart shows the population of City A

(a) Find the number of male and female in the period of Mid-1997.

(b) Find the number of male and female in Mid-2006.

(c) Hence, find the difference in the number of

(i) Male in Mid-1997 and Mid-2006

(ii) Female in Mid-1997 and Mid-2006

6. Fanny received 72 red packets this year. The pie chart shows the distribution of
her red packets.
(a) Find x.

(b) How many $10 did Fanny receive?

7. The broken-line graph shows the profits of Company X from 1995 to 2000.

In which year did the company make the least profit? How much was that?

Between which two years did the profit of the company increase the most? How
much was the increase?

Find the decrease in the profits of the company from 1998 to 1999.
Harder Questions:
1. A research is conducted to find out different types of idols of 800 university
students from Hong Kong and Beijing. The results of Hong Kong Students are
shown in the table below.

Types of Idols Singers Movie stars Politicians Athletes Scientists Others

Number of
180 70 60 50 10 30
people
(a) Draw a pie chart to present the data in the table above.

(b) The pie chart below shows Beijing students’ favourite types of idols and
their distribution.

(i) Find the value of x.

(ii) How many Beijing students take movie stars as their idols?
2. The histogram for the shot put results of 24 athletes in the preliminary of a
school sports day is as follows:

(a) Which class interval shows the highest frequency?

(b) How many athletes had the result not shorter than 8.45?

3. The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the results of Form 1C students in a

Mathematics test.
Stem (10 marks) Leaf (1 mark)
4 3 4 7 9
5 0 1 1 2 4 5 7 7
6 1 2 2 3 3 4 6 6 8 9
7 4 4 5 6 7 7 7 8
8 0 0 3 5 8
9 2 3 4
(a) Suppose no students were absent in the test. How many students are there in
Form 1C?

(b) If the passing mark is 50, how many Form 1C students fail the test?

(c) What is the difference between the highest and the lowest marks?
4. The following table shows the examination results of Mathematics, Chinese and
Physics of 15 Form 4 students in a secondary school.

Math 70 86 76 88 77 89 89 91 82 87 85 78 89 63 58

Phy 47 54 47 69 57 63 65 73 52 6 61 55 55 46 48

(a) Draw a scatter diagram to show the relationship between the examination results of Physics and Mathematics for those

15 students.

(b) Is there a relationship between the examination results of Physics and

Mathematics? State your reasons.

5. The following stem-and-leaf diagram shows the heights (in m) of some buildings
in a certain district.
Stem (10m) Leaf (1m)
2 4 7
3 1 3 3 4 7 8 8 8
4 5 5 7 7 8 9 9 9
5 2 2 4 5 7 7 7
6 1 1 1 3 3 3 3 3 5 9
7 0 1 1 8
(a) How many data are recorded in this stem-and-leaf diagram?

(b) Which stem has the largest number of leaves?

7. The histogram shows the weight losses (in kg) of a group of people who have
joined a half-year keep-fit program in a health centre.

(a) Complete the following frequency distribution table.

Weight loss (kg) Frequency

(b) Find the total number of people who joined the program.

(c) Each person in the keep-fit program has to deposit $2000 at the beginning
and will get a 50% refund if he/she can lose 11 kg or more at the end of he
program. Suppose the total net revenue of the health centre is $x. Find x.

***End of Chapter 6***