Evolution

Edexcel Biology GCSE - Evolution PhysicsAndMathsTutor.
com
Questions
Q1.
Figure 12 shows the times when Homo sapiens and some of their ancestral species are
thought to have lived.
Figure 12
Fossil remains of Ardipithecus ramidus were discovered in Ethiopia.
(i) Calculate the number of years Ardipithecus ramidus is thought to have inhabited the
Earth.
(2)
Answer ...........................................................
(ii) Describe the evidence that scientists might have used to show that Ardipithecus ramidus
inhabited the Earth earlier than Homo habilis.
(2)
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(iii) Suggest an explanation for the extinction of Homo habilis.

(2)
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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Evolution PhysicsAndMathsTutor.com
(iv) Figure 13 shows two stone tools, one used by Homo habilis and one used by Homo
erectus.
Figure 13
Explain which stone tool was most likely to be used by Homo erectus.
Use information from Figure 12 and Figure 13.

(2)
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(Total for question = 8 marks)

Q2.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .
Stone tools can be found at sites used by our human ancestors.
Figure 3 shows tool P.
(i) Describe how tool P was made.

(2)
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(ii) Figure 4 shows tool Q which was found at the same site as tool P.
A scientist stated that tool Q was made by a more evolved human ancestor than tool P.
Which observation supports this statement?
(1)
A tool Q is a darker colour than tool P
B tool Q is more pointed than tool P
C tool Q is a lighter colour than tool P
D tool Q is less pointed than tool P
(iii) Tools provide evidence for human evolution.

Use words from the box to complete the sentences.
(2)
Evolution is the change of inherited characteristics through

.................................................................. selection.
These changes occur because genes ................................................................... .

Q3.
The book 'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859.
This book describes the theory of evolution.
One chapter of this book discusses pentadactyl limbs.
Figure 5 shows the bones of the pentadactyl limbs of three mammals.
(i) Describe one difference between the humerus of the whale and the humerus of the
human.
(1)
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(ii) Describe one difference between the phalanges of the horse and the phalanges of the
human.
(1)
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Q4.
One chapter of this book discusses pentadactyl limbs.
Another chapter of the book discusses how the shape of bird beaks has evolved on different
islands.
Figure 6 shows two species of finch from two different islands.
These two species of finch evolved from a common ancestor that had a similar shaped beak
to species B.
Beak shape is related to the food that the finches eat.
Describe how the thinner beak of species A is a result of evolution.

(4)
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Q5.
Stone tools can be found at sites used by our human ancestors.
Figure 3 shows tool P.
Figure 4 shows tool Q which was found at the same site as tool P.
Fossils were also found in the soil around tool Q.
Describe two ways that stone tools and fossils can be dated to find out how old they are.
(2)
1 ..........................................................................................................................................
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2 ..........................................................................................................................................
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Q6.
Figure 15 shows three stone tools found in different layers of rock.
Explain how information from Figure 15 provides evidence for human evolution.
(6)
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Q7.
Colistin is an antibiotic used to treat infections in the bloodstream.
Some bacteria are resistant to Colistin.
Explain how these bacteria have become resistant to Colistin.

(4)
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Q8.
(i) Which scientist wrote this book explaining his theory of evolution?
(1)
A Charles Darwin
B Robert Hooke
C Richard Leakey
D Gregor Mendel
(ii) Which statement is supported by this theory of evolution?

(1)
A humans are not related to any other group of animals
B all species have the same genes
C a meteor caused the dinosaurs to evolve
D new species evolve over many generations

Q9.
Answer the question with a cross in the box you think is correct . If you change
your mind about an answer, put a line through the box and then mark your new
answer with a cross .
In 2017, a new strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria was discovered that was resistant to
26 different antibiotics.
(i) Explain how Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria developed resistance to antibiotics.

(4)
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(ii) State how the use of antibiotics could contribute to Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria
developing resistance to antibiotics.
(1)
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(iii) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prokaryotic cell.

Which is a characteristic feature of a prokaryotic cell?
(1)
A it has chloroplasts
B it does not have a nucleus
C it does not have ribosomes
D it cannot reproduce without a host

Q10.
Figure 7 shows the limbs of five animals.
Describe how the structure of these limbs provides scientists with evidence for evolution.
(3)
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Q11.
Alfred Russel Wallace travelled around Malaysia during the 1800s and wrote to Charles
Darwin about the animal species he studied.
His main conclusions were very similar to those of Charles Darwin and they both contributed
to the current understanding of evolution.
Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection.

(3)
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Q12.
* MRSA is a bacterium that has evolved to become resistant to antibiotics.
With reference to Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection, explain how MRSA
bacteria have evolved to become resistant to antibiotics.
(6)
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Q13.
Figure 5 shows a great tit on a bird feeder.
Scientists have found that great tits living now have longer beaks than great tits living 50
years ago.
Genetic analysis shows changes in the sequence of the bird's DNA.
Scientists think that great tits living now have longer beaks because of the increased use of
bird feeders during the last 50 years.
Explain how natural selection could have caused an increase in beak length because of the
use of bird feeders.
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Q14.
Alfred Russel Wallace travelled around Malaysia during the 1800s and wrote to Charles
Darwin about the animal species he studied.
His main conclusions were very similar to those of Charles Darwin and they both contributed
to the current understanding of evolution.
Wallace and Darwin did not always agree.
Darwin believed that male birds have feathers that are brightly coloured to make them more
attractive to female birds.
Wallace thought that female birds have feathers that are less brightly coloured so they are
more likely to survive.
(i) Explain why having feathers that are less brightly coloured increases the survival rate of
females.
(2)
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(ii) Suggest why it is more important for the survival of the species that the survival rate is
higher in female birds than in male birds.
(2)
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Q15.
Hipparion is an extinct genus of horse that lived between approximately 20 million and 0.8
million years ago.
Figure 10 shows the skeletons of a Hipparion and a modern horse.
(i) Give one method that can be used to date a fossil of a Hipparion.
(1)
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(ii) Give one reason why scientists have concluded that the modern horse has evolved from
Hipparion.
(1)
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Q16.
Figure 13 shows the pentadactyl limb of a bat and a cat.
Figure 13
(i) Describe the reasons why the anatomy of the pentadactyl limb suggests that bats and
cats evolved from a common ancestor.
(2)
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(ii) Genetic analysis also provides evidence for evolution.

Scientists can sequence genes from different organisms.
Describe how this type of genetic analysis provides evidence for evolution.
(2)
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Mark Scheme
Q1.
Q2.
Q3.
Q4.
Q5.
Q6.
Q7.
Q8.
Q9.
Q10.
Q11.
Q12.
Q13.
Q14.
Q15.
Q16.

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Edexcel Biology GCSE - Evolution PhysicsAndMathsTutor.

Fossil remains of Ardipithecus ramidus were discovered in Ethiopia.

(iii) Suggest an explanation for the extinction of Homo habilis.

Use information from Figure 12 and Figure 13.

(Total for question = 8 marks)

Stone tools can be found at sites used by our human ancestors.

Figure 3 shows tool P.

(i) Describe how tool P was made.

(iii) Tools provide evidence for human evolution.

Evolution is the change of inherited characteristics through

These changes occur because genes ................................................................... .

(Total for question = 5 marks)

The book 'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859.

This book describes the theory of evolution.

One chapter of this book discusses pentadactyl limbs.

Figure 5 shows the bones of the pentadactyl limbs of three mammals.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

The book 'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859.

This book describes the theory of evolution.

One chapter of this book discusses pentadactyl limbs.

Figure 6 shows two species of finch from two different islands.

Beak shape is related to the food that the finches eat.

Describe how the thinner beak of species A is a result of evolution.

Stone tools can be found at sites used by our human ancestors.

Figure 3 shows tool P.

Fossils were also found in the soil around tool Q.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Figure 15 shows three stone tools found in different layers of rock.

Colistin is an antibiotic used to treat infections in the bloodstream.

Some bacteria are resistant to Colistin.

Explain how these bacteria have become resistant to Colistin.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

The book 'On the Origin of Species' was published in 1859.

This book describes the theory of evolution.

(ii) Which statement is supported by this theory of evolution?

B all species have the same genes

C a meteor caused the dinosaurs to evolve

D new species evolve over many generations

(Total for question = 2 marks)

(i) Explain how Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria developed resistance to antibiotics.

(iii) Klebsiella pneumoniae is a prokaryotic cell.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Figure 7 shows the limbs of five animals.

(Total for question = 3 marks)

Describe the theory of evolution by natural selection.

(Total for question = 3 marks)

* MRSA is a bacterium that has evolved to become resistant to antibiotics.

(Total for question = 6 marks)

Figure 5 shows a great tit on a bird feeder.

Genetic analysis shows changes in the sequence of the bird's DNA.

Wallace and Darwin did not always agree.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

Figure 10 shows the skeletons of a Hipparion and a modern horse.

(Total for question = 2 marks)

Figure 13 shows the pentadactyl limb of a bat and a cat.

(ii) Genetic analysis also provides evidence for evolution.

(Total for question = 4 marks)

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