‫النهاية و االـتصـصا و الدوا العكسية‬

‫و‬‫ توفيق بنعمر‬:‫ذ‬ 2021/2020

a  Df
lim f ( x)  f (a)  a f :a f
x a
[ n , n  1[ n n
lim f ( x)  f (a)  a f : a f
x a 

x n
x n2 n
lim f ( x)  f (a)  a f : a f
x a 
x  Arctan x

Dg  D f {a} lim f ( x)  a  Df a f M  Max f ( x) m  Min f ( x) f ( [ a , b] )  [ m , M ]

x a
x[ a ,b ] x[ a ,b ]

 g ( x)  f ( x) x  D f

a g a f  ] a , b[ [a , b] f
 g (a) 

b a
lim g f ( x)  g ( ) g lim f ( x) 
xa x a
 
  a a

x 
f
 f ( x) 
g
 g ( f ( x) ) f (I )  J Dg J g Df I f
( x  Dg f )  ( x  D f f ( x)  Dg )  f (a) g a f  a g f 
a  I ; f ( a)  J  J g I f  I g f 
f (c)   [ a,b] c f (b) f (a)  [ a,b] f
] a , b[ f ( x)  0 f (a)  f (b)  0 [a , b] f
] a , b[ f ( x)  0 f (a)  f (b)  0 [a , b] f

f 1 ( x)  y   f ( y)  x J  f (I ) I f I f

x  f (I )   yI 1
1
f f (I ) f : J I f : I J
x  I : f f ( x)  x
1
x  f ( I ) : f f 1
( x)  x yx f f

    n n2 
xn n n
x
] , [ tan Arctan : ]  , [
2 2 2 2
 n f ( x)  f ( x)
 
(a  )(b ]  , [) : Arctan(a)  b  a  tan(b)
2 2
n n xn  a a *
(a  ) : tan(Arctan a) = a
  S  { n a} S  { n a , n a} a0 n
(a ]  , [ ) : Arctan(tan a)  a
2 2 S  { a} n
S  a0 n2
 
lim Arc tan x 
x  2
; lim Arc tan x  
x  2 ‫بالتوفصصصيصصصق‬
r a   c f (a) f (c)  0 
[a , b]    dichotomie
r a c b
[ a , c] ab [a , b] f
2 c
2 f (a) f (b)  0 f ( x)  0 
[ c , b] c   b f (a) f (c)  0

x0 , y0 x0 x0 , y0 f (I )

I
r  * , r ' * p
n
x  yx y n
I f I f
r  : p *
;q  *
x r  y r  ( x  y) r q ( n
x )n  x  n x n [ f (b) , f (a) ] [ f (a) , f (b) ] [a , b]
x xr p lim n
x   ] lim f ( x) , f (a) ] [ f (a) , lim f ( x)[
( )r  r xr  x  xp q q x  x b  x b  [ a , b[
y y n x y  x  y n n
1 [ f (b) , lim f ( x) [ ] lim f ( x) , f (b) ] ]a , b ]
x a  x a 
xr r r' xn  n x
x x  x ; r '  x r r '
n
r r' x x
n  ] lim f ( x) , lim f ( x)[ ] lim f ( x) , lim f ( x)[
x x0  1 y n y x b  x a  x a  x b  ] a , b[
( x )  ( x ) r r '
r r'
n
0 0 ; n
1 1 m n
x  n m x ] lim f ( x) , f (a) ]
x 
[ f (a) , lim f ( x)[
x 
[ a ,  [
1
( x)  r  r nm
x  x
n m m n
x  x
n m [ f (b) , lim f ( x)[ ] lim f ( x) , f (b) ] ] ,b ]
x x   x  