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    Informed Search

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    Saksham kumar
    The informed search algorithm uses heuristics to guide the search for solutions in large search spaces. Heuristics estimate how close a state is to the goal and are represented by the h(n) function. Informed search algorithms include best-first search, which selects the most promising path at each step based on heuristics, and A* search, which finds optimal solutions faster than uniform-cost search by using heuristics. While heuristics may not always produce the shortest path, informed search algorithms are generally more efficient than uninformed algorithms like breadth-first and depth-first search.

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    Informed Search

    Uploaded by

    Saksham kumar
    18 views13 pages
    The informed search algorithm uses heuristics to guide the search for solutions in large search spaces. Heuristics estimate how close a state is to the goal and are represented by the h(n) function. Informed search algorithms include best-first search, which selects the most promising path at each step based on heuristics, and A* search, which finds optimal solutions faster than uniform-cost search by using heuristics. While heuristics may not always produce the shortest path, informed search algorithms are generally more efficient than uninformed algorithms like breadth-first and depth-first search.

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    informed search

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    The informed search algorithm uses heuristics to guide the search for solutions in large search spaces. Heuristics estimate how close a state is to the goal and are represented by the h(n) function. Informed search algorithms include best-first search, which selects the most promising path at each step based on heuristics, and A* search, which finds optimal solutions faster than uniform-cost search by using heuristics. While heuristics may not always produce the shortest path, informed search algorithms are generally more efficient than uninformed algorithms like breadth-first and depth-first search.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views13 pages

    Informed Search

    Uploaded by

    Saksham kumar
    The informed search algorithm uses heuristics to guide the search for solutions in large search spaces. Heuristics estimate how close a state is to the goal and are represented by the h(n) function. Informed search algorithms include best-first search, which selects the most promising path at each step based on heuristics, and A* search, which finds optimal solutions faster than uniform-cost search by using heuristics. While heuristics may not always produce the shortest path, informed search algorithms are generally more efficient than uninformed algorithms like breadth-first and depth-first search.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 13

    Informed search algorithm

    The informed search algorithm is


    more useful for large search space.
    Informed search algorithm uses the
    idea of heuristic, so it is also called
    Heuristic search.
    Heuristic search
    • Heuristic is a function which is used in Informed
    Search, and it finds the most promising path. It takes
    the current state of the agent as its input and produces
    the estimation of how close agent is from the goal.
    • The heuristic method, however, might not always give
    the best solution, but it guaranteed to find a good
    solution in reasonable time.
    • Heuristic function estimates how close a state is to the
    goal. It is represented by h(n), and it calculates the cost
    of an optimal path between the pair of states. The value
    of the heuristic function is always positive.
    Types Informed search
    • Best First Search Algorithm(Greedy search)
    • A* Search Algorithm
    Best-first Search Algorithm (Greedy Search)

    Greedy best-first search algorithm always selects the path


    which appears best at that moment. It is the combination of
    depth-first search and breadth-first search algorithms. It uses
    the heuristic function and search. Best-first search allows us
    to take the advantages of both algorithms. With the help of
    best-first search, at each step, we can choose the most
    promising node. In the best first search algorithm, we expand
    the node which is closest to the goal node and the closest cost
    is estimated by heuristic function
    f(n)= g(n)
    Were, h(n)= estimated cost from node n to the goal.
    Advantages
    • Best first search can switch between BFS and DFS by
    gaining the advantages of both the algorithms.
    • This algorithm is more efficient than BFS and DFS
    algorithms.
    Disadvantages
    • It can behave as an unguided depth-first search in the
    worst case scenario.
    • It can get stuck in a loop as DFS.
    • This algorithm is not optimal.
    Example
    Path cost=SBFG=2+1+3=6
    A* Search Algorithm

    A* search is the most commonly known form of


    best-first search. It uses heuristic function h(n), and
    cost to reach the node n from the start state g(n). It
    has combined features of UCS and greedy best-first
    search, by which it solve the problem efficiently. A*
    search algorithm finds the shortest path through the
    search space using the heuristic function. This
    search algorithm expands less search tree and
    provides optimal result faster. A* algorithm is
    similar to UCS except that it uses g(n)+h(n) instead
    of g(n)
    Advantages
    • A* search algorithm is the best algorithm than other search
    algorithms.
    • A* search algorithm is optimal and complete.
    • This algorithm can solve very complex problems.
    Disadvantages
    • It does not always produce the shortest path as it mostly
    based on heuristics and approximation.
    • A* search algorithm has some complexity issues.
    • The main drawback of A* is memory requirement as it
    keeps all generated nodes in the memory, so it is not
    practical for various large-scale problems.
    Example
    SACG=6

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