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E08

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27 views14 pages

E08

Uploaded by

madiha76y8
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEC > (nd nse a __=_Taansiton_element =—d_block_having_incampletely Fite __d_osbita either in gnolind state os if D4 other oxih sia | i N=_d_osbilal penoitimate shell _ |. Zn 9 zpt? >! (n=) d'® 4 [cat (neva! ns® | Hg | 4s these el xe [Cu gale 4s! D Block ~ 3 - Gia Cott» 30° Toansition metal _G3 ~ Gi Jey t® = 89 I Depts pet Ut Period _Bd_genies ~> 2° Sc~zp a0 | peg sth on Ud series» 39 y ~ cd UB | p26 6th Sd Series» 97 La, HE ~ yg ® I p27 ghhass Sd seria 89 Ac, RE~ Cn wou Ue L4s* us? ys? us! Ye? s* 4s* 4s? us! _4S* Sc Ti) Vv Cs Mp. Fe Co Wi Cy 2 3d! 3d? 343 _gd53d5 3d gad? 3q8 aa’? 30 a 1 Ss? Ss~ 5s? 6s? Ss! Ss) Ss! ($s!) Bs! 5st y__2% Nb Mo Te. Ry Rh _, Pd) Ag cd Ud! yg? yah 4d aS a7 UAB igtol gid al? Hf Taw Re Os Ty Pe Av Hg Sd> Sd3 Sd Sd SdAf SA? SAS Sd! _sulE 65* 65% 6s* Gs? Gs* gs Gs! 6s’ _¢s* Peer: (ommr@) = _-.__A#_Genexal_pyopenties —(Taansition_metals > i . ae > high Tensile a > malieable 4 ductite Bate, > High theamal 4 Clectsical conductivity —-- Metalic lustye o less volatile — O it Except Zn. Cd Hg al have metallic Latte oo @ MP 4 Bp -> more no-of valence e* — > More -Strang_banding- ~~ u lex 20 aaa |_| Mol uighest MP 4 ap: Cd IP lowest vie «pp oe I kw Lug =. ! G valene e- | [mol | {Tc F> exception. MP 4 gp is leg | LRe izalon +> i : _Gll_bonds of lattice and then Convert to gases Form — ; 1 Ny Sc Ti > V> Cy > Mn > Fe =cCo=ni < cy zh get er “seacening efit 2ekk = geet < SOR ; _— scdeening oft AECL i _ a ce =e _V Cx Mp Fe Co-ni Cy 2n AVANT RUN ITA AO ALLA 4 Nb Mo TC Rn Rh pd Ag Cd — Watt Wettlspr Wie he ol ; a Conteactin Ta_W Re OS ty pk Av HG/ \@_IE [Sc 4 Ti > V4 Coe Mn Cor Ni _¢ Co folfilled = big best LTE. af Ch, Cu high filled _~ high > Bq 16 I 6 345 OF Mn -> 345 — High 6)_Oxidotion State ~ All _d_pbloc! Clements shoud | Voxiable oxidation state (sc 47h) > exception Le very less enexgy gap bet? (n+) d 4 ps axbita 6c Ti Vv Cx Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn MB Ppp Pp 2 2 R + 4 1343 2 43 $B pe 43 ee HS: +53 15 6 +6 +6 — _ +7 Max OS = 1% ~~ Ruros soy _ _ Me are at I ae mm electande potenti | i. zn => potential —> hig — _ 3S ad!© E> High “Hydration enthalpy | f lew — ve valve > electrode patential I Gu can’t “liberate H2 From ae | & tow bydaatian enthalpy a ; i | mt3 / mi? Electrode poten tia! & | get? — 5 gct3 High negative electxade potenti) RO (stable) Vow 4 g_ | zt? —» znt3 —» Positive electrode: potenttal Be | (high) go i | Mpt® —> Mpt3 5 positive on u | (hgh) | Bot? —~5 Fet3 —5 Negative! u Stable (ow) Highes oxidation state in halide 4 oxide i Halide: Ti V(x Mn Fe Co wy Cy 2n Tike _Vx2 Ca Minka Feke Cox2 Nive Cox znd Tix3 Vx3__Cax3 [MnF3] Fens CoF- Cox if Lieu] Yeu cxyy TM Fy i vFs | [cxrs lexFs_] (Mnoe -—____# only _VFs_is_known > _an_hydson sis > VAF3 — Te coe is foumed except cots cu ;y-acmk , : +e [se iV ty Mn Fe Co iSc.03 T1O Vo _Cyo_ MnO Feo | 12.03 V203_ C203 Mn203_ Ferd jO2 V20y yor MO2_ Fex0y ——— ‘o} Ni ty 3 Zn C09 Wi Cyo zpe C4364 curs | v205 M304 H C505 __Mn202 Magnetic Puopeaty > diamagnetic Pavaragnetic ____ Repelled_by _-_ attracted |r ME = 0 bnpaiai al) e” age paired I =. > Mognelic_roment _Foxmation of coloxed ions > dem i e _> colovg Show dye _d-d teansition Jednine) es D= ng- of Unpaised o~ Qs. 2 d iI “4 —» Hs r Ww. Sc13 no colour 22 —, po colous —————______ nee —_# Catauytie property. doe 10 variable _ Oxidatian sioie > Shaws catalytic _prapeaty ee Contact Process — Vag —_—________~ ig —Haber's process —_R_ Fe (Fiery di vided) Catalytic _hbydsege patton > Ni Pt -Pd_____ ae Ne ~ Fe t§0) 22 Fete! tin, Fe te? mo. 1d Ou 2 es oS ‘¥_toteastitial compound. 1 Mier. J smau_gize etemenss ~: <= haan eens “Sie ta hence fai Bee oiieaikace stant Vike GH. CN Gye_Accamodaled in ~——this_empty spaces (voids! _{_form_intestitia come Se Hii tuettng pain —________ii__ 4 =e vey hard | ~ => chemically _ineyt | ~~ > Have _metalile_conductivity- S SA Rie Fonmation —Duc_t9_Sieilsa sizeof block ele these Clements _FoIm_alioy ANoy OF Copper so-807- Brass — Cut 2p rt gorgor \o-2.0¥+ Byonze > "Cu + Sn oy — BS wal Sy Gun mela ~ Cy 4 2p + Sh. —Be_mejr Co tm — Mey 20-287 ____—j Ligh " «=> Atidic | aimed igte 1 nbs fh . tne : l Tm photeric V203 _ — Basic ve0s > AMphotesic 7 V205 FHC —> Vor +420 | cx0> Basic s 205 + NQOK ~7 NQ3 Vou +Heo | €y203> Armphoteric |_cyo3 3 Aciate +6. +6 | CxO, + Hod —> H2C¥O4 | 5 | Mn207 + W200 — > uM h 04 2903 ¢ H20 —> H2Cy20 \x2C¥ 207 Psepaxatian - Cbsomite Ove + (Fed. C203) < Fe Cx204 i —~__1) Feex20y + NaACOs | +02 —> NO, Cy 204 + Ferda* = : Fel? crrourt __Nat 0 Sadiom (yellow) i af Chromale — Na2S04 4 an (8292 —__- @ woz cy20u + H2S04_—> Naasont MON ae a eee ~_@ Narcsy07 + KCL —> 208207 + NACL ——— >—|— “potassium dichsome ———~" i as ~ 1 =2. =o. oa | o—ty = O-Cy— 0 r | oI No J Ligh 0! e| __chyamate- dichromate Equilibrium | wares ss Pucy [eee | Ceoy? == C20 Acidic => 3B - Ren fosrt Yellow OsINge Basic > Backward 5 PH>? em Cx2077> + HT — _ xt3 To Te hs > S Cvr07 > EH E P~—> Cyt +E EHD “snt? —> snt¥ C¥n0g-2 + HT HHS > Cyt FS Etpo Fer? wy $e F3 #€_Chsomy) Chloride test aL Meio) Chloxide + Conc. H2S04 + krCx2027— > C¥O2tk + ped vapait” Ks0¢ Ho Kmno 4) L Prepn _Mn02_ (pyrolusite oxe) ~ MnO2 + koH + 02 — k2eMnoy + H26 ~ Magnar john (xecn) ~ ' 2 L Mpoun? —He > Mndu + Mnde + Heo L deen Pesmagnaie L (Pusple) dayk pink commercial _Mn02__Fosed wih spi mnoye Prep” £ oxidise with i Qi 0% knox MnOu-? electsalytic Mp ou> H oxan _Lab- Met + soog*t — 5 Mou ¢ Soy-2 | | Sts: Penmagnate Mag nate 1 = - | ‘ Mp" Mn | X : ’ a7 Xo oo | o { I 0 Y | I diamagnetic Paxamagnettc | (puspie) (Green r : ip = » Mot? —»5_mpt? aie zi ¥ © Crou* —» Coe @ fet? — >» Fet3 @ Nitrite —> nitrae Noo > Nos —____@ Iodide —> todine T- ->r @ co 2 — S$ @ 03-2 ~> Sour* —~__kanou + Ht + oy —? Mot? 4 cor KMnO4+ H' + Fet? ~5 wnt? + CO ce KMnoy f HY + Wor —> Nos} Monte _— +t - [Rnoc rs 3 Minor +10 a7) | Mn ou k S203 % —> Myox + S0u=2 Tino + Mnt> — Mno2 1) S we dont vse fcr in acidic Medion! Hanon Hel t kKMnoy —> Mt? f Cl [xe E- Block T The Clements in byhith the last e- entexs into £ oxbitg | Shell | Also OF atoms axe called f- block elements 1-e antipenyitime (n-2) & Called innex +sansition elements i Two Series Of £- block - uf Sexies 4 SF gewies Lose Genera) Electronic Confignxation _¢n-2) ¢""4_ (pa)a®" o 4 P Sexies (Lanthanoid) electron entexs into UF oxbita’ 4 propenties— Oxe almost similay +0 lanthanum - Exception in Yf= 2d | Lo 57 _Lanthonum [xe] 652 us? Sd! “Ce 58 __cexium Gra Cue? G52. ys! a! _px S$ Praseod ymium ox Lye} 6s? Ue? A — _NA__60 Neodymium _oiffat Cxe] Gs? yet Sd° _?r__GI___Pxamethium fits, [xe] gs? ups Sd — ——[—S Leb 63 Evazopium ope Cee] 6s? YET *gye 64 Gadolinium 213 Lue} Gs% Uf? gat eth 65 Texbinm _ da (ue}6st uf gut _Dy 66 ___Dypuosium tar (Lxe] 98% FIO sae _Ho_ 67 __ Hol minum eat Txe}_ 68% Yew fae les 6% Exbivm aL {xe} 6st UF? Bae | Tr __69_thutinm Ce CxeJ gst WF Bde lL yp 70 Ytexbiom nef xe} est uph Sa? 1 i 2 ; ge lw 7 Lutetium clawed Ciel ost ue 6g ‘position of Elements 1@) 3 4 5 ¢ 7@9 tou i213 Hen in _£- SbbShell 13 456 779 ION ie 1314 15 1 I : il ill in Sobskel lcexium is 26th most Qbundant Lanthandid element on 3 | “Monazite Sand is most common mineral cith contain lanthends _fxomedhivry is only synthetic yadvoa tive element 1 i | _Siae of +3 d Ce and Th exhibit +4 oar stare - ; Ey Qnd yb exhibit +2. rena La, Gd and Ly exhibit Only +3 Gxdt Stak ————~ Ey? {s a gtxong__xeducing agent — OlOVF Coloa_Of _Janthancid_ians_avises_dveto_Abssreico— invisible _xegion_oF _specinur sesulttng inf —__~ ition_becayse they have_pastiaily filed _FobPilts— Lots and Lv3t dant shaw any Caloux bot _othey nivale,” Janthanaid shat Calougs « ~. I i i i n Fo Crast ¢ cett) and £'" type (yp2* 4 Lut) aint paramag Hehe Chemical Reactivity Ln + 02 —> 20 4 Heated sith S Ly — ims i Heated with N ln} N 5 Lon J Ran _Uith ¢ Ln © S3%> inca yi | Rxn_toith 120 Ly } Heo Ln(oH)s tHe | Ren with halogen bn} % ——5 Lnd3. Ren With ociy Lh} Acid —s Ly sap + He t Simitaxity Gmang_lanthanaids -- Because gf very smal) | Change In %adii OF Lanthanaids theix chemical pxnpeti | axe quite Similas - Thus it is _vexy difficult +o sepame the elemenis IM pure State. Basicity diffexence- The basic Strength of by poxide— decrease (with 1 jn atamic ne [_thys Cato) is mast basic While Co(OH)s [5 bea __basic. . Uses- Used in making mischmeial, ap G - __tonthanaid metal (~957) with inon (as) ana sate [of SiC, Ca goa AE- EF js seq to make ¥ats- _ pulled Shel i foal '§ F-series CActinoids ) gt — 4 Lost_eenters_into_5.£ opbitals_-Theix_paspes hies_axe + _Similax__to Actinium. +hos_they ase_called 7 hatin ids ‘Exception iD Sf = G/% | ! i m2) gtl4 (pel) det yer —— Hectaanic_canfigssatian—ns(0 21.6 (p-1) a?! p27 Elements position | 2 je in 5F svbshe | > | “Actinoids axe vadioactive elements -ond initial members | have lang life than lowes member onging Fyom a day | tp 5 min | | 3-4 §@7@ sic "i213 WY 3457739 tON 12 14 ! i izes - N thanoi exe _iS_also_gxadva! | decrease in size OF atom ox Mt jons acwoss the sesles - | this is xefewmed 95 actinoid cantractian due _ta_pask — [shielding of Sf Oxbitals, the cFfective nuclecx Charge Thich sesults in Cantwactidn OF Size - —Actinaid Contraction is g¥eatex far _element_{o_tleneni- — 7 thon tonthansid cantxaction hecause_5. ¢ axbitals_have Gx __poos Shielding effect than UE oxbita's io —_—_ ~___lanthongjas Thos effective Oucleay change expeaienced ———_ by_valence _¢= in_case_of Actinoids is much more —~___than_expeniencet_by _lahthanotds ~~ ~ ova state: Masi carmen 0: 1s 13 ~~ _The_alsa_shows os of 14.15. (46417 in Ths P90 Ane Mp, ~~ _espectivyy- they have _gaeaicx xange of 0:5 becaust—OF-8— “and 75 levels ade oF companadr, ened abUi4l__15 deeply nurse 1_dne 40 Which it is__moxe are Shielded _by_putes. Charge than Uf electron and ovutes elettson can Osi romoyed. —>_Actinolds One coloured in janie foam 4_compausit—- because ai f- ¥£ tsnstivor

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