Drafts On Civil Litigation & Task

NLS SAMPLE DRAFTS ON CIVIL LITIGATION
DRAFTING TIPS
CIVIL LITIGATION
NIGERIAN LAW SCHOOL
(2020/2021)
EYEKE KENNETH SAMUEL
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. (Week 3) General Overview of Civil Litigation - 3
2. (Week 4) Parties to a Civil Action - 5
3. (Week 5) Preliminary Matters: Pre-action Issue And

Commencement of Action in the Magistrates Court (Lagos) - 19
4. (Week 6) Commencement of Action in High Court - 37
5. (Week 7) Interlocutory Application - 46
6. (Week 8) Summary judgment and judgment by default - 59
7. (Week 9) Pleadings - 75
8. (Week 10) Pre-Trial Issues and Pre-trial proceedings - 90
9. (Week 11) Trial Preparation and Evidence - 109
10. (Week 12) Trial Preparation and Evidence II - 111
11. (Week 13) Trial: Examination of Witness - 111
12. (Week 14) Closing/Final Address and Judgment - 114
13. (Week 15) Enforcement of Judgment & Applications Pending Appeal -122
14. ( Week 16) Appeals in Civil Matters - 134
15. (Week 17) Recovery of Possession of Premises - 143
16. (Week 18) Election Petition - 149
17. (Week 19 Matrimonial Causes - 159
18. (Week 20) Enforcement of Fundamental Rights - 177
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Week 3
GENERAL OVERVIEW OF CIVIL LITIGATION
Civil litigation involves rules or procedures that regulate the conduct of civil
proceedings in court. It lays the methods whereby such proceedings are
commenced and the steps that are to be taken. It also provides for the modes of
enforcing the resultant judgment. Civil litigation as a subject deals with the laws,
rules, practice and procedure guiding and regulating the conduct of civil actions
and proceedings in court.
Rules of Courts
In practice, every court has its own rules that guide practice and procedure of
such court. In this like, there is the Supreme Court Rules made pursuant to
Section 236 of the CFRN 1999, Court of Appeal Rules made pursuant to
Section 248 of the CFRN 1999, Federal High Court Rules, State High Court
Rules, down to Sharia and Customary Court Rules. As between the statute
creating court and rules of court, the statute creating court is superior.
Courts, Rules Applicable & Its Sources
Court Applicable Rules Source
1 Supreme Court Supreme Court Rules 1985 Section 236 CFRN
1999
2 Court of Appeal Court of Appeal Rules 2011 Section 248 CFRN 1999
3 Federal High Court Federal High Court Rules Section 254 CFRN 1999
4 National Industrial Court National Industrial Court Section 22 NIC Act
Rules
5 High Court of the FCT High Court of the FCT (Civil Section 259 CFRN 1999
Procedure) Rules 2018
6 Sharia Court of Appeal of Sharia Court of Appeal Section 264 CFRN 1999
the FCT Rules of the FCT
7 Customary Court of Appeal Customary Court of Appeal Section 269 CFRN 1999
of the FCT Rules of the FCT
8 High Court of States (Ebonyi State High Section 274 CFRN 1999
Court(Civil Procedure)
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RulesRules of the various

High Courts of the States
9 Sharia Court of Appeal of Sharia Court of Appeal Section 279 CFRN 1999
States Rules of the States
10 Customary Court of Appeal Customary Court of Appeal Section 284 CFRN 1999
of States Rules of States
11 Magistrate/District Court Magistrate Court Magistrate Court
Rules/District Court Rules Law/District Court Law
ETHICAL ISSUES ARISING FROM IMPROPER USE OF THE RULES OF

COURT AND WRONG CHOICE OF COURT
Filing Action in the Wrong Court
Where an action is filed in the wrong court, the consequences that may arise are:
 The case will be stroke out
 Cost may be awarded in favour of the defendant
 Counsel may be personally liable and made to pay cost to the client
 Counsel can be sued for professional negligence
 Action might be statute barred.
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Week 4
PARTIES TO A CIVIL ACTION
Generally before embarking on litigation, there are preliminary, but important
matters that need to be considered first, such as bringing the proper parties
before the court. Hence, there must be a plaintiff, who institutes the action and a
defendant who is being sued. Under the Rules of Court of Lagos, 2018 and
Abuja 2018, plaintiffs are referred to as ‘Claimants’. In interlocutory proceedings
and originating processes (undefended list), parties are referred to as ‘Applicant
and Respondent’, while in cases like matrimonial causes, election petition and
company winding up petitions, parties are referred to as ‘Petitioners and
Respondents’. However, a party cannot play a dual role of being one who is
suing and at the same time, one who is being sued. It is a fundamental principle
of law that bringing the correct parties before the court is necessary to enable the
court determines the issues between the parties effectually, adequately and
completely in order to do justice in the matter.
Sample Draft:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE
IN THE IKEJA JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
TITUS ISHAKU BULUS
(An infant, suing by his guardian PRINCE ODATSE)…………..CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO
(An infant, defending by his guardian, ADAMS EKPO).……...DEFENDANT
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA

IN THE MAITAMA JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT MAITAMA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
TITUS ISHAKU BULUS
(An infant, suing by her guardian PRINCE ODATSE)……………..CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO
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(An infant, defending by his guardian, ADAMS EKPO)…………….DEFENDANT

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
TITUS ISHAKU BULUS
(An infant, suing by his guardian PRINCE PETERS)……………..CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO
(defending through his next friend, ADAMS EKPO)………………………….DEFENDANT
Trustees, Executors and Administrators (Estate of a Deceased)

Trustees are persons who are given property by the settlor to handle on behalf of
persons who are under age known as beneficiaries, for a specified period until
the underage becomes an adult e.g. will matters. Executors are persons who
carry out the will of a testator, while administrators are involved in case of
intestate succession.
Sample Draft: Action by a Trustee
IN THE HIGH COURT OF EBONYI STATE

IN THE ABAKALIKI JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT ABAKALIKI
SUIT NO___________
BETWEEN
EYEKE KENNETH
(Trustee of the Estate of JOHN RASH, deceased)……………………..CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO…………...…………………………………………..DEFENDANT
Sample Draft: Action by an Administrator

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO___________
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BETWEEN
EYEKE KENNETH
(Administrator of the Estate of JOHN RASH, deceased )……………....CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO…………...…………………….……………………..DEFENDANT
Sample Draft: Action by an Executor

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
EYEKE KENNETH
(Executor of the Estate of JOHN RASH, deceased )…………………….CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO………………………………………………..……….DEFENDANT
Incorporated Bodies and Unincorporated Associations

Incorporated bodies are bodies or clubs formed into Business Company with
legal status under Part A of CAMA. Section 37 of CAMA states that, all
companies incorporated under the Act have legal capacity, thus they can sue
and be sued under the company’s name e.g. “Nigerian Breweries Plc”.
Statutory Bodies; These are bodies created by statute and are conferred with
the performance or discharge of specific duties or functions. As such, they can
sue and be sued in the names given to them by the statutes that create them e.g.
CBN, INEC, NNPC, CLE, etc. See, Ibrahim v Judicial Service Commission
Government; The government does not sue and is not sued in its name. Actions
are brought or defended on behalf of the government or any of its departments or
agency through the AG of the Federation or State as the case may be. The AG is
statutorily conferred with the capacity to sue and be sued for and on behalf of the
Government, and it is also a legal personality created under Section 150
(Federal) and Section 195(State) of the CFRN, 1999. See, AG Abia State & 35
Ors v AG Federation.
Charitable Associations/Non-Trading Associations: these are voluntary
associations which are registered through their registered trustees under Part C
of CAMA e.g. Churches, Mosques and non-governmental organizations. They
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can sue and be sued only in their corporate name by which they are registered
done through their trustees.
Sample Draft:

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
THE INCORPORATED TRUSTEES OF CATHOLIC CHURCH……...CLAIMANT
AND
THE INCORPORATED TRUSTEES OF IGBO UKWU UNION…….DEFENDANT
Business Name: a registered business name is not a body corporate and

cannot sue or be sued in its name. The right person to sue is the owner of the
business name as trading under the name and style of the business name so
registered.– Okechukwu & Sons v. Ndah.1
Sample Draft:

HOLDEN AT MAITAMA
SUIT NO_____________
BETWEEN
EYEKE KENNETH
(Trading under the name and style of S. K. EYEKE& SONS
GLOBAL)…………………………………………………………..……...CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO
(Trading under the name and style o f E. E. EKPO
ENTERPRISES)……………………………………………………..…DEFENDANT
Bankrupts and Companies under Liquidation: A bankrupt has legal capacity

to sue and be sued in all personal actions. But, under Section 58 (1) (b) of the
1
(1967) NMLR 366
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Bankruptcy Act,2 where the action relates to the property of the Bankrupt, he
lacks capacity to sue and be sued.
Sample Draft: Action by Trustee in Bankruptcy

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO___________
BETWEEN
EYEKE KENNETH
(Suing as the Trustee in Bankruptcy of SIMON AKPAMA )………….………......CLAIMANT
AND
ESSIEN EKPO…………...……………………………………………..DEFENDANT
Sample Draft: Action by a Liquidator

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO___________
BETWEEN
EYEKS NIG LTD
(A company under liquidation suing by MR UDOMA UKPONO UDO, theliquidator of EYEKS
NIG LTD)……….……………………………..……………….....……..CLAIMANT
AND
EKPOS NIG LTD…………………………………………………….DEFENDANT
Death Persons: Generally, dead persons lack the capacity to sue and be sued
either personally or in a representative capacity as from the time of death. See
Oketie & Ors v Olughor.3 The only exception is where the action is not of a
2
Cap B2 LFN 2004
3
(1995) 5 SCNJ 217
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personal nature. Thus, personal actions die with the person. See actio
personalis moritur cum persona.
Representative Actions
A representative action is an action brought by one or more persons as
representatives of a group of persons having a common grievance and the same
interests in a civil action.
The following conditions are important in a representative action:
1. Common interest and a common grievance.
2. The relief sought must be beneficial to all.
3. The parties to be represented must give express permission or authority to
those who are to represent them.
4. Leave of court must be sought to sue in representative capacity.
5. The representative capacity must be reflected on originating processes.
Application for leave is by Motion Ex parte as follows :

1. Motion ex parte.
2. Affidavit disclosing the facts surrounding the representation, common interest
and grievance. The affidavit would be sworn to by at least one or more of the
persons to be represented.
3. Memorandum signed by a majority of the interested parties authorizing the
representation.
4. Written address
Sample Draft:
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO__________
BETWEEN
1. AKPU PETERS
2. OKONKWOR PETERS……………………………….CLAIMANT/APPLICANTS
(Suing for themselves and on behalf of the Peters family)
AND
CHIEFESSIEN EKPO……………………………DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT
MOTION EX PARTE
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BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 13 (1) OF THE HIGH COURT

RULES OF LAGOS STATE AND UNDER THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF
THE COURT.
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court shall be moved on the _____ day of
____________, 2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon thereafter
as Counsel to the Applicant shall be heard praying this Honourable Court for the
following orders:
1. AN ORDER granting leave to the Applicant to commence this action in a
representative capacity for themselves and on behalf of the Peters Family.
2. AND FOR SUCH OTHER ORDERS as this Honourable Court may deem fit to
make in the circumstances of the case.
Dated this _______ day of ______________, 2021
__________________
S. K. Eyeke, Esq.
Applicant’s Counsel
Eyeke Kenneth & Co
15 Democracy Estates,
Ikeja, Lagos State.
Joinder of Parties
Joinder of parties usually occurs when at the time of instituting an action, there is
failure to join a party who ought to have been joined in the action. Note that
joinder of parties is different from joint plaintiffs and joint defendants. It is also
different from joinder of causes of action. A person may be joined in a suit either
as a plaintiff/claimant or defendant
Sample Draft: application for joinder as co-claimant/co-plaintiff in Lagos and

Abuja
IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS/FCT ABUJA

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO:-------------
MOTION NO:--------
BETWEEN
CHIGOZIE JUDE……………………………………….…..CLAIMANT/APPLICANT
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AND
MOHAMED AWWAL…………………………………DEFENDANT/ RESPONDENT
AND
PRINCE ODATSE PETERS………….………...PARTY SOUGHT TO BE JOINED
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 1, OF THE HIGH COURT OF
LAGOS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 (OR, for Abuja, ORDER 13 RULE 1
AND ORDER 13 RULE 19 OF THE HIGH COURT OF FCT ABUJA (CIVIL
PROCEDURE) RULES, 2018) AND THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS
HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court shall be moved on the ______day of
_____________, 2020 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon thereafter
as Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant shall be heard praying the court for the
following order(s):
1. AN ORDER joining Prince Odatse Peters as a co-claimant in this suit; and
2. SUCH OTHER ORDER OR FURTHER ORDER(s) as this Honourable Court
may deem fit to make in the circumstances of this case.
Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021
___________________
S. K. Eyeke Esq.
Applicant’s Solicitor
Eyeke Kenneth &Co
NO 5 Democracy Estate
Ikeja.
FOR SERVICE ON:
1. THE RESPONDENT,
Mohamed Awwal
No 3 Ajah Street
Victoria Island
Lagos.
2. Prince Odatse Peters
Flat 3, Ajamgbadi Estate,
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Ikoyi,
Lagos.
NOTE: the supporting documents are affidavit and written address. If asked to draft
application, draft everything: motion, affidavit and written address. Note additional
supporting documents in Lagos.
Sample Draft: application for joinder as co-defendant in Lagos and Abuja
IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS/FCT ABUJA

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: LD/1288/20
MOTION NO: M/003
BETWEEN
CHIGOZIE
JUDE…………………………………………..CLAIMANT/RESPONDENT
AND
VICTOR EZE ……………………………………DEFENDANT/ RESPONDENT
AND
PRINCE ODATSE PETERS…………………...APPLICANT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 4, AND ORDER 15 RULE 17 (1), OF
THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 (OR, for Abuja,
ORDER 13 RULE 4 AND ORDER 13 RULE 19 OF THE HIGH COURT OF FCT ABUJA
(CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES, 2018) AND THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS
HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court shall be moved on the _______day of
___________, 2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon thereafter as
Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant shall be heard praying the court for the
following order(s):
1. AN ORDER joining Prince Odatse Peters as a co-defendant in this suit; and
Page 13 of 193
Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021
___________________
S. K. Eyeke Esq.
Applicant’s Solicitor
Eyeke Kenneth &Co
NO 5 Democracy Estate
Abakalikii
FOR SERVICE ON:
1. CLAIMANT/ RESPONDENT,
Chigozie Jude
No.2 Irvine Layout,
Abakaliki,
Ebonyi State.
2. DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT
Prince Odatse Peters
Flat 3, Ajamgbadi Estate,
Ikoyi,
Lagos.
NOTE: the supporting documents are affidavit and written address. If asked to draft
application, draft everything: motion, affidavit and written address. Note additional
supporting documents in Lagos.
Misjoinder
Misjoinder is a situation where a mistake is made by joining as a party, a person
who ordinarily ought not to be made a party to the proceedings. See Okechukwu
& Sons v Ndah. In such a situation, Order 13 Rule 18 (2) Abuja and -ORDER
15 Rule 16(1)(2) Lagos 2019 both provide that at any stage of the proceedings,
the court may either suo motu or on application by either party, order that the
name or names of persons improperly joined, whether as claimants/plaintiffs or
defendants, be struck out.
Page 14 of 193
Sample Draft:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE OF LAGOS/FCT ABUJA
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: LD/27/20
MOTION NO: M/02
BETWEEN
CHIGOZIE JUDE………………………………….….CLAIMANT/RESPONDENT
AND
1. VICTOR EZE……………………..………….DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT
2. PRINCE ODATSE PETERS……………….DEFENDANT/APPLICANT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 16(1)(2) OF THE HIGH COURT
OF LAGOS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 (OR, for Abuja, ORDER 13
RULE 18(2) AND ORDER 13 RULE 19 OF THE HIGH COURT OF FCT ABUJA
(CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES, 2018) AND THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF
THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court shall be moved on the _______day of
____________, 2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon thereafter
as Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant shall be heard praying the court for the
following order(s):
1. AN ORDER striking outPrince Odatse Peters as a defendant in this suit; and
Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021
___________________
S.K. EYEKE ESQ.
APPLICANT’S SOLICITOR
EYEKE KENNETH &CO
NO 15 DEMOCRACY ESTATE
LAGOS STATE
FOR SERVICE ON:

1. THE RESPONDENT,
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CHIGOZIE JUDE
C/O HIS COUNSEL
CJ P. N AKPU ESQ.
JURIS CONSULT CHAMBERS
NO 3 AJAH STREET
LAGOS
2. THE RESPONDENT,
VICTOR EZE
FLAT 3, AMADI ESTATE,
LAGOS.
NOTE: the supporting documents are affidavit and written address. If asked to
draft application, draft everything: motion, affidavit and written address. Note
additional supporting documents in Lagos
THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS

A third party proceeding is a special type of proceeding that favours a defendant
only or a plaintiff who has become a defendant by counterclaim. It is an action in
which a defendant who is properly sued, claims to that a third party may bear
eventual liability either in whole or in part and so he applies for a joinder of such
third party to enable him prosecute another action between himself and the third
party in the same action between himself and the plaintiff. See Bank of Ireland v
Union Bank of Nigeria Ltd.
Sample Draft:

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: LD/123/20
MOTION NO: M/06
BETWEEN
ESSIEN EKPO…………………………………………………………….CLAIMANT
(do not write respondent cos it is exparte)
AND
PRINCE ODATSE PETERS…………………………….DEFENDANT/APPLICANT
AND
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VICTOR EZE….…………………...….THIRD PARTY SOUGHT TO BE JOINED
MOTION EX PARTE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 19(1) OF THE HIGH COURT OF
LAGOS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019, (OR, for Abuja, ORDER 13 RULE
21(1) OF THE HIGH COURT OF FCT (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2018) AND
THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable court shall be moved on the______ day of
__________, 2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon thereafter as
Counsel to the defendant/applicant shall be heard praying this Honourable Court
for the following order(s):
1. AN ORDER granting leave to the defendant/applicant to issue and serve a
THIRD PARTY NOTICE on Mr. Victor Eze in this suit
2. And such further or other order(s) as this Honourable Court may deem fit to
make in the circumstances.
Dated this _______day of ___________, 2021
________________
S. K. EYEKE ESQ.
APPLICANT’S
SOLICITOR
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
15 DEMOCRACY ESTATE
LAGOSI STATE.
NOTE: it is a motion ex parte, so no address for service .
WEEK 4 TASKS: LAGOS CAMPUS

SCENARIO
On 5thJanuary 2014, Mr Goodday Ebenezer, who trades under a registered
business name -Wisebros & Sons- entered into a contract in Lagos with the
Agricultural Bank to supply ten thousand tons of cocoa worth N35 Million only to
Page 17 of 193
the Bank for onward exportation to Malaysia. The term of the contract was that a
down payment of the sum of N20 million would be made before the exportation
and the balance would be paid when the consignment reached the destination.
Consequently Mr Goodday Ebenezer received the sum of N20 million and
supplied the goods.
Since then the Agricultural Bank has refused to pay Mr Goodday Ebenezer the
balance despite letters of repeated demands. Ultimately, on the 20 th January
2017 the Bank wrote a letter to Mr Goodday Ebenezer informing him of its
decision not to pay the balance because the goods supplied were inferior to the
standard requested for. .
The claimant on the 5thSept. 2018 instituted the action at the High Court of Lagos
Statefor the recovery of the outstanding balance of N 15 million as damages for
breach of contract.. Before the judgment could be delivered Agriculture Bank
became a no–going concern and was taken over by the Nigeria Deposit
Insurance Corporation – the NDIC, with a view to winding up the Bank.
Thereafter the NDIC brought an application to be joined as a defendant and as a
necessary party and the court granted the application.
The NDIC thereafter brought a preliminary objection, for among others (1) an
order of court dismissing the action because it was statute barred; and (ii) an
order of court dismissing the action because it is only the Federal High Court
that has the jurisdiction to entertain the matter since Agricultural Bank is in the
process of being wound up
1. Groups 1,3, and 5 should prepare the application for joinder of the NDIC as
a co-defendant.
2. Group 7, 8 & 9 should prepare an application striking out the name of NDIC
(assuming NDIC was originally joined as a party.
3. Groups 2, 4, 6, & 10 should prepare the preliminary objection as raised by
the NDIC.
4. Every group shall:
i. prepare an application joining Good Havens Insurance PLC (the company
that insured the consignment)
ii. make a list of likely ethical issues that may arise in acting for and against a
party in litigation under duties of lawyer to client, courts, the state and the
legal profession.
Page 18 of 193
Week 5
PRELIMINARY CONSIDERATIONS BEFORE COMMENCING CIVIL
ACTION
i. CAUSE OF ACTION: A cause of action is simply a factual situation, the existence of

which entitles one person to obtain from court a remedy against anotherSee Madukolu v.
Nkemdilim (1963) 1 All NLR (Pt4) at 587.
ii. STATUTORY LIMITATION: For almost all cases, there is a limitation period within which
the proceedings must be commenced. See PUBLIC OFFICERS PROTECTION ACT
iii. PARTIES: It is also of immense importance to consider the parties to a proposed action.
The claimant& the defendant must be imbued with the legal capacity to sue & be sued.
iv. VENUE: This suggests the location or Judicial division of the court you have identified to
commence your action.
v. CONDITION PRECEDENT (PRE-ACTION NOTICE): Where the law requires the service
of pre-action notice by the claimant before commencement such condition must be met.
S.11(2)NNPC ACT; AMADI V. NNPC (2000)10NWLR(674)76.
vi. COST OF LITIGATION: A claimant’s counsel should take a critical look at the expected
gains from a successful litigation vis-a-vis the cost implication of the litigation before
appropriately advising the claimant.
vii. ENFORCEMENT &REALISATION OFJUDGMENT: The claimant’s counsel should also
assess and consider the legal and practical problems associated with the realization of
judgment of the court.
viii. ALTERNATIVE DISTPUTERESOLUTION: A Lawyer must advise his client on the
availability of ADR methods. It is mandatory for a Lawyer see r.15 sub.3 (d) RPC and O.
5 rule 8 Lagos and o.2 r.2 (4) Abuja.
ix. PRE-ACTION-COUNSELLING. A Lawyer before commencing an action should advise
his client on the relative strength and weaknesses of the case. A Lawyer may be
punished for filing a suit that amounts to abuse of court process see or.2 r. 8 Abuja. See
also or. 2 r. 9 for NBA seal.
x. EXHAUSTION OF AVAILABLE REMEDIES: Where a law prescribes a legal line of
action for the resolutionof an issue, such remedies must be exhausted before litigation,
ARIBISILA V.OGUNYEMI (2005)6NWLR(PT.921) 212.
xi. IMMUNITY:S. 308 of the constitution confers immunity on some classes of elected
political office holders from legal processes within the period they occupy such offices.
How to Raise Preliminary Objection

(There are 2 ways; depending whether it is solely on grounds of law only or on mixed law &facts )
1. By Notice of Preliminary Objection and written address – grounds of law only.
2. By Motion on Notice with affidavit and written address – grounds of mixed law
and facts.
Page 19 of 193
Sample Draft: Notice of Preliminary Objection
IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: LD/07/12
MOTION NO: M/02
BETWEEN:
ALU OLADEJI O……..………………………………..CLAIMANT/RESPONDENT
AND
IGWEOGU MAXWELL………………………………….DEFENDANT/APPLICANT
NOTICE OF PRELIMINARY OBJECTION

BROUGHT PURSUANT TO SECTION 2(1) (A) OF THE PUBLIC OFFICERS
PROTECTIONS ACT, AND THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS
HONOURABLE COURT.
TAKE NOTICE that this Honorable Court shall be moved on the ____________
day of ______________, 2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or soon
thereafter as Counsel to the Applicant shall be heard by way of a preliminary
objection challenging the competence of this suit and the jurisdiction of this court
and shall also be heard praying the court for the following order(s):
1. AN ORDER striking out this suit; and
AND TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the grounds for the objection are as follows:
1. The suit is statute barred having being commenced outside the statutory
period of three months under the Public Officers Protection Act
2. Non service of the requisite pre-action notices on the defendant under the
local government law.
Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021
_______________
S. K. EYEKE ESQ.
APPLICANT’S
SOLICITOR
Page 20 of 193
EYEKE KENNETH &

CO
15 DEMOCRACY
ESTATE
EBONYI STATE.
FOR SERVICE ON:
THE RESPONDENT,
ALU OLADEJI
C/O HIS COUNSEL
O. M. OGBONNAYA ESQ.
ONE FAMILY CHAMBERS
NO 3 AJAH STREET
VICTORIA ISLAND
LAGOS
Pre-Action Counseling/Pre-Action Protocol

This is to give professional or legal help and advice to clients on certain
conditions to be satisfied before filing an action in court. Such condition
precedents may be by way of service of pre-action notice or satisfaction of other
steps required by law before commencement of action
Sample Draft of Pre-Action Counseling Certificate:
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY

IN THE ABUJA JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT NO:……………………
BETWEEN
OKPARA MICHAEL ………………………………………………….. PLAINTIFF
AND
MAHADI ABDUSSALAM……………….…………………………...DEFENDANT
PRE-ACTION COUNSELLING CERTIFICATE

I, EYEKE KENNETH SAMUEL, of EYEKE KENNETH & CO (ZENITH
CHAMBERS), legal practitioner representing Okpara Michael, the Claimant in
Page 21 of 193
this suit, certify that I have counseled my client on the strength and weakness of
his cause or matter and informed him of the opportunities available for the
alternative dispute resolution of this case and the possibility of a reconciliation
between the parties being effected either with or without the assistance of such
an organization and should this matter turn out to be frivolous, I am prepared to
be liable according to the provision of the Rules of this court.
Dated this……………………….. of…………………………… 2021
……….……………….. ….…………………..
EYEKE KENNETH SAMUEL OKPARA MICHAEL
Legal Practitioner to the Claimant Claimant
COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION IN MAGISTRATE/DISTRICT COURTS

In the South, Magistrate Court (MC) exercises both civil and criminal jurisdiction,
while in the North, when it exercises its civil jurisdiction it is referred to as District
Court.
FORMS OF COMMENCEMENT
By virtue of O. 1 r 1 & 2 of the Magistrate Court (Civil Procedure) Rules
(MCCPR), actions are commenced in the MCs in Lagos by two modes, namely:
1. Claim. See Order 1 Rule 1 & 4 MCCPR
2. Originating application. See Order 1 Rule 2 & 8 MCCPR
3. Small claims court. See Article 2 Magistrate Court Practice Direction on
Small Claims 2018.
Page 22 of 193
Sample Draft: Application for Summary Summons and Particulars of Claim
EYEKE KENNETH & CO

LEGAL PRACTITIONERS, SOLICITORS, AND ARBITRATORS
NO 15 DEMOCRACY ESTATE, IKEJA, LAGOS
EMAIL Kennethsamuel@gmail.com
08102959631
Our Ref: ______________________ Your Ref: __________________
Date: 08/12/2020
The Registrar,
Magistrate Court of Lagos State,
Ikeja Magisterial District,
Ikeja, Lagos.
ATTENTION: MR. NJOKU CHINEDU (Registrar’s name)
Dear Sir,
APPLICATION FOR SUMMARY SUMMONS
PURSUANT TO ORDER 2 RULE 1(1) and ORDER 3 RULE 1 OF THE
MAGISTRATE COURT OF LAGOS (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES, 2009
Kindly refer to the above subject matter.

I, Kenneth Eyeke Samuel of Eyeke Kenneth & Co, counsel to the Claimant in
Claim No……seek to apply for summary summons to be issued against the
defendant as per the attached claim and particulars of claim. We undertake to
pay the necessary fees.
Thank you for your usual co-operation.
Yours faithfully,
___________________
S. K. EYEKE Esq.
For: Eyeke Kenneth&Co.
Enclosed:
1. Claim dated 8th of November, 2020
2. Particulars of claim dated 8th of November, 2020.
Page 23 of 193
IN THE MAGISTRATE COURT OF LAGOS STATE

IN THE LAGOS MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT
HOLDEN AT LAGOS
SUIT NO:___________
BETWEEN
FIRST BANK PLC…………………..……………………...……………..CLAIMANT
AND
JERRY MAIVA CONCEPTS LTD…………………….………………..DEFENDANT
CLAIM
The Claimant claims its rights to the sum of 3.47 million (Three million,
fourhundred and seventeen thousand naira) only from the defendant being its
share of the proceeds of a contract jointly performed by the claimant and
defendant from March 2019 to December 2020 under a partnership agreement.
The Claimant is also entitled to an order of injunction restraining the defendant
from converting 20 vehicles jointly purchased and owned by the parties under the
same partnership agreement and a further declaration that the partnership
agreement between the parties is still valid and subsisting
PARTICULARS OF CLAIMS
1. The claimant is a limited liability company whose address is No 6 Bank Street,
Ajah, Lagos.
2. The defendant is a limited liability company whose address is at No 12
Dzakwa Road, Victoria Island, Lagos.
3. The defendant owes the claimant the sum of 3.47million being the sum
accrued to the partnership contract between the claimant and defendant.
4. The partnership agreement states that the vehicles will be used jointly in the
running of the business after which the vehicles will be shared equally
between the parties. However, the defendant has converted the 20 vehicles
purchased for the contract to its sole use contrary to the terms of the contract
between the parties. The cars with particulars (Car 1: Nissan Juke; Reg
number: GVO8 WFM; Chassis no: 501345; bought from Nissan Motors, Garki
II, Abuja; Receipt number: 534)
5. The defendant has failed, refused or neglected to pay the contract price and
the claimant’s share of the vehicles despite letters of demand written by the
claimant to the defendant (add date of the letters)
WHEREOF THE CLAIMANT CLAIMS AS FOLLOWS:
Page 24 of 193
1. A declaration that the contract under the partnership agreement between the
parties is still valid and subsisting;
2. The sum of N3.47million which accrued to the claimant being its own share of
the proceeds of the contract performed by the parties from March 2019 to
December 2019;
3. Interest on the N3.47 million at the rate of 10% per annum from the 1 st day of
December 2019 until judgment and thereafter until the judgment sum is paid
(either because this is stipulated in the contract or going commercial rate);
4. An order of perpetual injunction restraining the defendant from converting the
20 vehicles to its sole use;
5. An order directing an equal division of the vehicles between the parties; and
6. The sum of 2million naira for general damages.
Dated this….day of ………………2020
……………………..
S. K. EYEKE ESQ.
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
15 DEMOCRACY ESTATE
EBONYI STATE
FOR SERVICE TO DEFENDANT:
NO 12 OBAFEMI AWOLOWO ROAD,
VICTORIA ISLAND,
LAGOS.
Page 25 of 193
ONLINE ASSIGNMENT ON WEEK 5

TOPICS: 1. PRELIMINARY MATTERS: PRE-ACTION ISSUES
2. COMMENCEMENT OF ACTIONS IN THE MAGISTRATE COURT
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Students should please check their Civil Litigation Course Handbooks for the Contents
and Outcomes of this topics.
2. Students are to read Case Studies 1 – 3 and should please note the modifications.
TASKS:
Case Study 1
In April, 2018, the Claimant, Mrs. Kayuba Ada, entered into a contract in Lagos with
Agricultural Bank PLC to supply five hundred tons of Cashew nuts worth N10 million
only to the Bank for onward exportation to Malaysia. The term of the contract is that
down payment of N3 million will be made before the exportation and that the balance
will be paid when the goods reach its destination. Subsequently, Mrs Ada received the
sum of N3 million and supplied the goods to its destination in Malaysia. Since then,
Agricultural Bank has refused to pay her the balance sum despite letters of repeated
demands sent. However, on 26th June, 2019 Agricultural Bank wrote a letter to Mrs Ada
of its decision not to pay the balance because the goods supplied were of inferior
quality. Mrs Ada has now instructed you to commence proceedings against Agricultural
Bank claiming the balance of N7 million, N1 million as interest and N2 million as general
damages for the psychological trauma she suffered having been deprived from the use
of her money.
Questions:
a) State the preliminary matters that you will consider before commencing an action in
court in this matter.
b) In which court will you commence the action? Give reasons for you answer.
c) State the documents that you will file in court at the time of commencing your action.
d) Assuming Mrs Kayuba Ada feels that this matter is not going to be contentious, what
court process can her counsel require to be issued filing the originating process(es) in
(c) above?
e) Are there any instances when the Claimant counsel will not be able to require that the
process in (d) above be issued?
Case Study 2
On the 3rd of October, 2019 Mr. Oke Madu entered into Diamond Super Market at No. 4
Koko Drive, Ikoyi, Lagos where he bought a bag of Semovita and paid at the counter.
On his way out, Mr. Ade Okoro a Security man at the entrance gate of the super market
asked him for the receipt of purchase. He searched the pocket of his trousers without
finding the receipt, forgetting that it was in the breast pocket of his shirt, where he
Page 26 of 193
actually kept it. While he was still searching for it, fighting started as Mr Ade Okoro felt
that Mr. Oke Madu had no receipt for the purchase because he was wasting his time
and he shouted at Madu “You thief, you have stolen the semovita to the hearing of one
Miss Chika, another customer of the super market. Miss Chika is a friend to Miss Ndidi
who is Mr. Madu’s fiancee. On returning home, Miss Chika informed Miss Ndidi of the
events that transpired at the super market. On the basis of this information, Miss Ndidi
said she would no longer marry Mr. Oke Madu. However, Mr. Oke Madu eventually saw
the receipt in the breast pocket of his shirt and presented it to Mr. Ade Okoro.
Nonetheless, Mr. Oke Madu feels insulted and intends to file a suit for defamation of his
character against Mr. Ade Okoro. He has instructed you as Counsel to institute an
action in court against Mr Ade Okoro for the sum of N10 million general damages for
defamation of character
Questions:
a) State the preliminary matters that you will consider before instituting an action in court.
b) Draft the originating process(s) that you will file in court when instituting the action.
c) Assuming this action is going to be contentious, what documents will be issued after
commencing your action
d) Where the defendant wants to defend the action, state the various step(s) that he may
choose to take in the matter and within what time frame?
e) What is the life span of the originating process that you have chosen in (b) above?
Case Study 3
Sometimes in September, 2019, Mr Jide Smart bought a Toyota Corolla Car from
Roniks Motors Ltd. of Victoria Island Lagos for the sum of N8 million. He made only a
down payment of N4 million and was allowed to take away the car on the agreement
that the balance will be paid within 3 months of the purchase. Jide Smart has refused to
pay the balance of N4 million till date despite several demands made by Roniks Motors
Ltd. You have now been instructed by Roniks Motors Ltd. to institute an action in court
for recovery of their outstanding balance using an informal, inexpensive procedure to
ensure a speedy resolution of the matter.
Questions:
a) In which court will you commence the action? Give reasons for your answer.
b) State the conditions that must be fulfilled by the claimant before an action can be
commenced in the court in (a) above.
c) What step(s) will the court take once the above conditions in (b) above have been met
by the claimant?
d) Who will effect the service of the summons on the defendant and within how many days
should service be effected?
e) Where the defendant wants to defend the action, state the various step(s) that he may
choose to take in the matter and within what time frame
Page 27 of 193
WEEK 5 TASKS: KANO CAMPUS
1. After reading the topic, students should make short notes on each of the
following IN THEIR OWN WORDS.
a. The Civil Jurisdiction (Territorial, Monetary & Subject Matter) of the
Magistrates’ Courts of Lagos. See s. 28 MCL (Lagos) 2009. Noting its jurisdiction
in Tenancy matters. b. Mode[s] of commencing actions in the Magistrates’ Courts
of Lagos. c. Conditions for the issuance of Summary Summons. d. The steps to
be followed to commence an action to recover the sum of N9 million from
Bagauda Nigeria limited being the outstanding sum for the office equipment
supplied to its new Lagos Headquarters office by Chad-Hall Furniture Nigeria Ltd
before the Magistrates’ Court of Lagos State. e. Highlight the formal parts of a
Particulars of claim. f. Draft the Particulars of Claim in (d) above. g. Write Short
notes on i. ADR in the Magistrates’ Court of Lagos. ii. Life Span of Summonses
iii. Options open to defendants after service of Ordinary and Summary
Summonses on them. h. Highlight briefly the conditions for approaching the
Small Claims Court, including the procedure commencing and prosecuting an
action in the Court. i. Write short notes on all the preliminary matters that should
be considered before commencing an action. j. Reflect and succinctly comment
on the relevance of letter writing skills, interviewing and counselling skills as well
as lawyers duty of accountability on the preliminary considerations highlighted in
(h) above. k. Identify the preliminary issues you will consider before commencing
an action in the following scenarios;
Case Study 1: In March, 2016, the Plaintiff, Mrs. Kayuba Ada, entered into a
contract in Lagos with Agricultural Bank PLC to supply five hundred tons of
Cashew nuts worth N10,000,000.00 (Ten million Naira) only to the Bank for
onward exportation to Malaysia. The term of the contract is that down payment of
N3, 000,000.00 will be made before the exportation and that the balance will be
paid when the goods reaches its destination. Subsequent to this, Mrs Ada
received the sum of N3, 000,000.00 and supplied the goods which the Bank
accepted and forwarded to its destination in Malaysia. Since then, Agricultural
Bank has refused to pay Mrs Ada the balance sum despite letters of repeated
demands sent. However, on 1st June, 2017, Agricultural Bank wrote a letter to
Mrs Ada of its decision not to pay the balance because the goods supplied were
inferior to the standard requested for. Mrs Ada has now instructed you to
commence proceedings against Agricultural Bank claiming the balance of N7,
Page 28 of 193
000,000.00, N4, 000,000.00 special damages and N3, 000,000.00 as general

damages.
Case Study 2: On the 3rd of October, 2015 Mr. Oke Madu entered Diamond
Supermarket at No. 10 Ogui Road, Enugu where he bought a bag of Semovita
and paid at the counter. On his way out, Mr. Okoro, a security man at the
entrance gate of the supermarket asked him for the receipt of purchase. He
searched the pocket of his trousers without finding the receipt, forgetting that it
was in the breast pocket of his shirt, where he actually kept it. While he was still
searching for it, fighting started as Okoro felt that Mr. Madu had no receipt and
was merely wasting his time. He shouted at Madu “You thief, you have stolen the
semovita” to the hearing of one Chika, another customer of the supermarket.
Chika is a friend to Miss Ndidi who is Mr. Madu’s fiance. On returning home, Miss
Chika informed Miss Ndidi of the events that transpired at the supermarket. On
the basis of this information, Ndidi said she would no longer marry Mr. Madu.
However, Mr. Oke Madu eventually found the receipt in the breast pocket of his
shirt and presented it to Mr. Okoro. Nonetheless, Mr. Madu intends to file a suit
for defamation of character against Mr. Okoro and the supermarket.
Case Study 3: City Links Transport Company Limited is a thriving transport

company with a fleet of buses. Mr. Darlington Okoye (a.k.a. Osama) is one of the
drivers of the Company. On the 14th of February, 2017, Dr. Henry Obama, a
Consultant Physician at the National Hospital, Abuja, was travelling, from Lokoja
to Abuja in his brand new Mercedes Benz ML 340 SUV car with Registration
Number ABJ 999 BW, which he bought for Eight Million Naira (N8,000.000. 00)
only. On getting to Gin Junction, near Gwagwalada, in the Federal Capital
Territory, Dr. Henry Obama who was then driving at a speed of 120 KM per hour
noticed a motor cycle rider attempting to cross the road and applied his break to
avoid hitting him. Immediately, Dr. Henry Obama was hit from behind by a bus
belonging to City Links Transport Company Limited and driven by Mr. Danlington
Okoye (a.k.a Osama). Dr. Henry Obama’s car was badly damaged as a result of
the accident. In fact, it was a write-off. Dr. Henry Obama also sustained serious
injuries and had to be rushed to the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital,
Gwagwalada, Abuja, where he received treatment and was discharged after one
week. The treatment, in all, cost him one Hundred Thousand Naira (N100,
000.00) only, for which the hospital issued him a bill and a receipt. Dr. Henry
Obama has now instructed you to commence an action for negligence against
Page 29 of 193
Mr. Darlington Okoye (a.k.a Osama) and City Links Transport Company Limited
claiming general damages to the tune of Five Million Naira (N5,000,000.00) only,
and special damages of Eight Million and One Hundred Thousand Naira
(N8,100,000.00) only for his damaged car and treatment.
Case Study 4: On 1st April, 2002 Mr. Kunle Komolafe was employed as a
medical doctor in the medical department of First Atlantic Petroleum Company
Nigeria Ltd, a subsidiary of Nigeria Petroleum Corporation (NNPC). In 2016, he
was elevated to the post of General Manager, Medical Department. Upon his
appointment and as part of his total package he was given a 4 bedroom Duplex
in the official quarters of his employers at First Atlantic Petroleum Staff Quarters,
Lekki Phase 1, Lagos as a service tenant. His housing allowance was deducted
at the beginning of each year as rent for his occupation of the property. On 28th
February, 2017, his appointment with First Atlantic Petroleum Company Nig. Ltd.
was terminated with immediate by a letter of same date which did not state any
reason for the termination. A cheque for the sum of N1,750,000.00 was enclosed
as payment for 3 months salary in lieu of notice. Also, in the same letter, he was
asked to vacate his official quarters immediately. On that same day, some men
acting as agents of the Cmpany entered into the premises of Mr. Kunle Komolafe
and threw out some of his properties in an attempt to forcefully evict him form the
property. Fortunately for Mr. Kunle Komolafe, he was able to resist all attempts
made to forcefully evict him. Presently, he still remains in occupation of the
property. Mr. Kunle Komolafe has instructed you to commence an action to
challenge the termination and attempted eviction.
Case Study 5: Crown Kitchen Ltd commenced proceedings against K & T Ltd
seeking a declaration that the contract between them and the partnership
entered into by the parties was still valid and subsisting. Crown Kitchen also
sought an order of perpetual injunction restraining K & T Ltd from converting 20
vehicles to its sole use and sought an order directing a sharing of the vehicles
between the parties. Crown Kitchen Ltd also sought for payment of the sum of
N2.17 million being proceeds of a contract performed by the parties from March
2011 to December 2016. The agreement between the parties had been entered
into in Ikeja, although the actual performance of the contract was intended to be
in Ikoyi, Lagos where K & T had its offices. A clause in the Agreement stipulated
that the parties shall submit to conciliation before resorting to litigation.
Page 30 of 193
Case Study 6: Dr Vincent Brown was the candidate of National Nigerian Party at
the May 2017 rerun election for Delta North Senatorial District, Delta State. Chief
Ben Okagbue contested the same election on the platform of Unity Congress
Party. The Independent National Electoral Commission declared Chief Okagbue
as the winner of the election having scored the highest number of votes cast in
the constituency. Dr Brown is not satisfied with the outcome of the election and
has decided to challenge the election of Chief Okagbue on the grounds of
irregularity, indictment of Chief Okagbue by the Economic and Financial Crimes
Commission and previous conviction of Chief Okagbue for offence of receiving
stolen property by a High Court sitting in Asaba in 2006.
Case Study 7: Mr Kwesi Apiah is an international Ghanaian trader who regularly

carries goods to and from Nigeria. He holds the ECOWAS passport with which
he had been entering Nigeria since 2011 without any Visa. However, sometime
in February, 2017 and in view of the security challenges in Nigeria, the Nigerian
Government gave a directive to the Nigerian Immigration Service not to allow any
foreigner to enter Nigeria unless such a foreigner holds a valid Nigerian Visa. On
the 2nd of May, 2017, while Mr Kwesi Apiah was in Nigerian on one of his regular
trips, he was arrested by men of the Immigration Service for being in Nigeria
without a valid Visa. He has since remained in custody and all his goods have
been confiscated.
Case Study 8: Mr. Smart Apanishile, a mass communication graduate and a

registered member of the Nigerian Union of Journalists, was an employee of
Newsline Limited (a media and communications company) from 2003 till 2016.
While in employment, he initiated the idea of starting a magazine to publish
reports on the maritime industry and was subsequently appointed the Editor of
PACIFIC WATCH Magazine, Published by Newsline Limited. Under Smart’s
leadership the magazine became a household name in the maritime industry and
a substantial source of income for Newsline Limited. Mr Smart later rose to
become a deputy director in the company. In January 2017, Mr Smart was invited
for an interview for the post of Director but was not given the post. Disappointed,
Smart began to plan his exit. He registered a company, Pacific Watch Limited in
March 2017 with the sole object of media and communication. He resigned from
Newsline Ltd with effect from 1st April, 2017. Pacific Watch Ltd started the
publication of OCEAN TIDES Magazine to cover events in both the Maritime &
Oil and Gas industry. The first publication of OCEAN TIDES was released in
Page 31 of 193
June 2017. Pacific Watch Ltd is in the process of registering OCEAN TIDES at
the Trade Mark Registry.
The Acknowledgment and Acceptance was received on June 1st, 2017.

Meanwhile, Newsline Ltd has now applied to register Pacific Watch as a trade
mark. Pacific Watch Ltd intends to commence proceedings to protect the
infringement of its name against Newsline Ltd Limited whilst Newsline intends to
commence proceedings for breach of contract in restraint of trade against Pacific
Watch Limited. Mr Smart’s contract of employment with Newsline Ltd required
that he should not engage in any trade similar to that of his employer. See
SWEET CRUDE LTD v SWEET CRUDE NIGERIA LTD & CAC suit No
FHC/L/CS/1457/13 reported in The Guardian, Wednesday, 23rd April, 2014 pg
29.
Case Study 9: Chief Joseph Lambe is the holder of the statutory right of
occupancy in respect of the choice piece of land at Lambe Close, Banana Island,
Ikoyi, Lagos State by virtue of the Certificate of Occupancy No. CO/111/2001
issued to him by Lagos State Government sometime in 2007. Royal Estates
Limited, a real estate development company, desirous of buying the property
from Chief Lambe, entered into negotiation with him. N750m was agreed as the
purchase price. A contract of sale was thereafter executed by both parties on 1st
June 2016. Some of the clauses in the agreement are as follows: 1. The
purchaser shall pay to the seller the sum of N75m being 10% of the purchase
price as deposit before the execution of this contract. 2. Upon the execution of
this agreement, the seller shall hand over possession of the land to the
purchaser and the purchaser shall be at liberty to commence construction work
on the land immediately. 3. Balance of the agreed purchase price shall be paid
on or before 1st November, 2016
After payment of the deposit and execution of the contract of sale, the purchaser
moved into possession and started construction of a 10 storey residential
apartments on the land but did not pay balance of the purchase price as agreed.
On the 1st December, 2016, the seller wrote a letter to the purchaser demanding
that the purchaser pay the balance of purchase price or give up possession of
the land. A similar letter was written on the 5th of January, 2017. On the 8th
January 2017, the seller wrote another letter terminating the contract of sale and
demanding that the purchaser vacate the land within 7 days of service of the
Page 32 of 193
letter. However, on the 9th of January, the purchaser paid the balance of
purchase price which was promptly returned by the sellers.
In addition to the N75m paid as deposit, the purchaser has spent N100m on
construction works on the land consisting of N15m for building plans and
approvals, N10 for quantity surveying and N75m for piling and foundation works.
The projected annual income from the developed property is N100m. The
purchaser is therefore not happy and has now instructed you to commence
proceedings to ensure that the contract stands or adequate monetary
compensation is paid by the seller.
Case Study 10: Several landed properties belonging to the Federal Government
and used as staff quarters across the country were sold to the
employees/occupiers sequel to the Federal Government Monetisation Policy.
Many of the properties are in Lagos. After the sale of the properties, Lagos State
Government demanded that the purchasers pay land use charge and other
property taxes to the State. Following complaints by the purchasers, Federal
Government instructed you to commence an action on behalf of the Government
for declaration and injunction against the Lagos State Government.
Case Study 11: Preparatory to the forthcoming gubernatorial election in

Anambra State, Chief Rufus Okeke of Grand Peoples Alliance Party (GPAP)
contested the primary election of the party and scored the majority of the votes.
However, the Party forwarded to the Independent National Electoral
Commission, INEC, the name of Dr. Ben Okafor who has been financing the
Party and the Party’s candidate for the election notwithstanding that Ben Okafor
did not participate at the primary election. Chief Rufus Okeke has briefed you to
institute an action for redress.
Page 33 of 193
Week 6
COMMENCEMENT OF ACTION IN HIGH COURT
Writ of Summons
ByOrder 2 Rule 2(1) Abujaand Order 5 Rule 1 Lagos a writ of summons shall
be used for commencing all civil actions in the High Court or FHC except where
there is an express constitutional or statutory provision to the contrary. A writ of
summons commands a defendant to enter appearance within a specified period
(14 days in Abuja and 42 days in Lagos) otherwise judgment may be entered
against him. Actions commenced by writ of summons usually involves and
requires the filing and exchanging of pleadings, calling of witnesses (if any), and
a long trial.
Documents to Accompany a Writ of Summons
In Lagos, Order 5 Rule 2(1) Lagos/Order 2 Rule 2 Abuja.
1. Statement of claim;
2. List of witnesses to be called at the trial;
3. Written statements on oath of the witnesses, except witnesses on subpoena;
4. Copies of every document to be relied on at the trial; and
5. Pre-action Protocol Form 01 (Lagos) or Certificate of Pre-Action Counselling
(Abuja)
Sample Draft of Writ of Summons

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: ____________
BETWEEN
CRUNCHES NIGERIA LIMITED………………………………...……...CLAIMANT
AND
TOMIKE NIGERIA LIMITED…………………………………..….……DEFENDANT
TO:
TOMIKE NIGERIA LIMITED, 217/219, MOSHOOD ABIOLA WAY, IGANMU,
IKEJA LAGOS.
IN THE: IKEJA LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA OF LAGOS STATE OF NIGERIA.
Page 34 of 193
You are hereby commanded that within forty-two (42) days after the service of
this writ on you, inclusive of the day of such service, you do cause an
appearance to be entered for you in an action at the suit of the CLAIMANT and
take notice that in default of your so doing, the claimant may proceed therein and
judgment may be given in your absence.
DATED THIS 19THDAY OF DECEMBER, 2020
___________________
Registrar
N.B
This writ is to be served within six (6) calendar months from the date thereof, or,
if renewed, within three (3) calendar months from the date of the last renewal,
including the day of such date and not afterward. The Defendant may enter
appearance personally or by legal practitioner either by handing the appropriate
forms, duly completed, at the registry of the High Court of the judicial division in
which the action is brought or by sending them to the Registry by registered post.
ENDORSEMENT
The Claimant claims against the Defendant:
1. AN ORDER OF DECLARATION that the contract between the claimant and

defendant is valid and subsisting;
2. AN ORDER FOR DAMAGES in the sum of N3,470,000.00 (Three Million,
four Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira) being the proceed from the
contract jointly performed with the defendant which sum the defendant has
failed and/or refused to pay over to the claimant despite repeated demands;
and
3. AN ORDER OF PERPETUAL INJUNCTION restricting the defendant from
converting the 20 vehicles to its sole use.
This writ was issued by EYEKE KENNETH ESQ of EYEKE KENNETH & CO.
CLAIMANT’S SOLICITORS of NO. 15 DEMOCRACYESTATE, VICTORIA
ISLAND, LAGOS.
Page 35 of 193
Indorsed as to Service
This Writ was served by me, AYISAT OLUWATOMINIS, on the Defendant

accompanied by:
(a) A Statement of Claim;
(b) A list of witnesses to be called at the trial;
(c) Written statements on oath of the witnesses except witnesses on subpoena;
(d) Copies of every document to be relied on at the trial;
(e) Pre-action protocol Form 01
The writ was served personally on the 19thDay of December, 2020.
Indorsed the 19th Day of December, 2020
………………………….
Chief Bailiff
High Court of Lagos State
Before the Writ is issued the following certificate must be indorsed on it:
The Registry, High Court of Lagos State

In the Ikeja Judicial Division.
The sealing thereof has been produced to me, Michael Samuel, this 19 thday of
December, 2020.
………………………….
Registrar
Page 36 of 193
Certificate of Pre-Action Counselling/Pre-Action Protocol Form 01
Certificate of Pre-Action Counselling: By Order 2 Rule 2 & 8 Abuja, the

certificate of pre-action counseling is one of the documents to be filed along with
the writ and frontloaded in Abuja. The rule provides that: A certificate of pre-
action counselling signed by counsel and the litigant shall be filed along with the
originating processes where proceedings are initiated by counsel, showing that
the parties have been appropriately advised as to the relative strength or
weakness of their respective cases, and the counsel shall be personally liable to
pay the costs of the proceedings where it turns out to be frivolous, as in Form 6
Sample Draft of Pre-Action Counseling Certificate

HOLDEN AT MAITAMA
SUIT NO____________
BETWEEN
REJOICE IKOKWU…...………………………………………….CLAIMANT
AND
AMAEFULE BENJAMIN………………………………………….DEFENDANT
CERTIFICATE OF PRE-ACTION COUNSELLING

I, Eyeke Kenneth of Zenith Chambers, No 3 Ajayi Crescent, Abuja, certify
that as the legal practitioner representing Rejoice Ikokwu, the
Claimant/Defendant, has counseled my client on the strength and weakness
of his cause or matter and informed him/them of the opportunities available
for the alternative dispute resolution of this case and the possibility of a
conciliation between the parties being effected either with or without the
assistance of such an organization and should this matter turn out to be
frivolous, I am prepared to be liable as per the provisions of the rules of this
court.
Dated this ___________ day of ____________________, 2020
_______________________ _____________________
Eyeke Kenneth Esq Rejoice Ikokwu
Legal Practitioner to Claimant Claimant
Page 37 of 193
Pre-Action Protocol Form 01: In Lagos, the one required is the pre-action
protocol form 01. It is form 01 in the appendix to the Lagos rules. NOTE: In
Abuja, both claimant and defendant are required to file certificate of pre-action
counselling. So, when drafting, be careful to know the party you are drafting for,
whether plaintiff or defendant, and then draft accordingly. In Lagos, however, the
pre-action protocol form 01 is only filed by the claimant’s counsel, and not by the
defendant. In Lagos, by Order 19 Rule 1(2) Lagos, appearance and the
statement of defence must be entered and filed within forty-two (42) days from
the date of service of the writ and statement of claim.
Sample Draft of Pre-Action Protocol Form 01

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO______________
BETWEEN
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER………………………………….CLAIMANT
AND
EMEKA NASARA…………………………………………………….DEFENDANT
STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH PRE-ACTION PROTOCOL

I, Eyeke Kenneth Samuel, claimant’s legal practitioner, make oath and state as
follows:
1. I have complied with the directions of the Pre-action Protocol as set out in
Order 1 Rule 1(4)(ii) (e) of the High Court Rules.
2. I have made attempts to have this matter settled out of Court with the
Defendant and such attempts were unsuccessful. Such attempts include:
(a) Negotiation held on the 2nd day of November 2020, which ended in a
deadlock.
(b) Attempts to reconvene another meeting to try to negotiate, which was
never successful.
(c) Mediation organized and headed by Dr James Agaba, which also ended in
a deadlock.
3. I have by a Written Memorandum to the defendant, set out the claimant’s
claim and options of settlement.
Dated at Lagos this 9th day of December, 2020
Page 38 of 193
BEFORE ME
____________________________________
COMMISSIONER FOR OATHS
Filing Memorandum of Appearance: an appearance if entered by completing

and filing in the Court’s Registry, a document referred to as a “Memorandum of
Appearance” provided in the Appendix to the Rules in Lagos and Form 12 in
Abuja. The defendant or his counsel if he acts by one, files the appropriate Form
in as many copies as there are claimants to be served including extra copies for
the court’s file
Sample Draft of Memorandum of Appearance

HOLDEN AT MAITAMA
SUIT NO____________
BETWEEN
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER……………………………………….CLAIMANT
AND
EMEKA NASARA……………………………………………………….DEFENDANT
MEMORANDUM OF APPEARANCE
OR
MEMORANDUM OF CONDITIONAL APPEARANCE
OR
MEMORANDUM OF APPEARANCE UNDER PROTEST
KINDLY cause an appearance to be entered for Mr Emeka Nasara, sued as

defendant in this action
OR
KINDLY cause a conditional appearance to be entered for Mr Emeke Nasara,
sued as defendant in this action
Dated this _________day of ____________, 2020
Page 39 of 193
___________________
S. K. EYEKE ESQ.
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
15 DEMOCRACY ESTATE
FOR SERVICE ON:
The Claimant
C/o His Counsel
Bankole Olanrewaju& Co
No 3 Adeyomo Street
Victoria Island
Lagos.
Sample Draft of Originating Summons in High Court in Abuja

HOLDEN AT MAITAMA
SUIT NO____________
BETWEEN
EMEKA NASARA……………………………………………………………. CLAIMANT
AND
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER………………………………………….DEFENDANT
ORIGINATING SUMMONS
LET ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER of No 13, Area 2, Maitama, Abuja, within
forty two (42) days (or 30days if defendant is to be served outside jurisdiction) after
the service of this summons on you, inclusive of the day of such service, cause
an appearance to be entered for you to this summons which is issued on the
application of EMEKA NASARA of No 63 Area 4 Maitama, Abuja, and who will
seek for the determination of the following questions:
QUESTIONS FOR DETERMINATION

1. Whether the Claimant has a valid contract with the defendant in view of
Clause 4 of the agreement between the plaintiff and the defendant dated
13/02/2019; OR
Page 40 of 193
2. Whether the provisions of Section 145 of the CFRN 1999 as amended

imposes a duty or a discretion on the President to transmit a written
declaration to the President of the Senate and Speaker of House of
Representatives in the event of the President proceeding on vacation or is
otherwise unable to discharge the functions of his office.
RELIEFS SOUGHT BY THE CLAIMANT

AND after the determination of the issues, the Claimant prays as follows:
1. A DECLARATION that there is no valid contract between the Claimant and
the Defendant; OR
2. A DECLARATION that Section 145 of the 1999 CFRN as amended imposes a
duty on the President to transmit a written declaration to the President of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives whenever he is
proceeding on vacation or is otherwise unable to discharge the functions of
his office.
Dated this ____________ Day of ____________________, 2020
______________________
Registrar/Authorized Person
THIS SUMMONS was taken out by S. K. Eyeke Esq., legal practitioner to the
Claimant, whose address for service is No 5 Maitama Road Abuja.
NOTE:
1. The Defendant may appear hereto by entering appearance personally or by
legal practitioner either by handing in the appropriate forms duly completed at
the Registry of the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja or by
sending them to that office by Registered Post. (Note, for Bar Part II, put
appropriate name of court.)
2. If the defendant does not enter appearance within the time prescribed and at
the place mentioned above, such order will be made and proceedings may be
taken as the judge may think just and expedient.
FOR SERVICE ON:

The Defendant,
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER
No 13, Area 2, Maitama, Abuja.
Page 41 of 193
Sample Draft of Originating Summons in High Court in Lagos

IN THE IKOYI JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT IKOYI
SUIT NO______________
BETWEEN
EMEKA NASARA……………………………………………………………. CLAIMANT
AND
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER………………………………………….DEFENDANT
ORIGINATING SUMMONS
LET ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTERof No 23, Ikoyi, in the Lagos Judicial
Division, within twenty-one (21) days (or 30days if outside jurisdiction) after the
service of this summons on you, inclusive of the day of such service, cause an
appearance to be entered for you to this summons which is issued on the
application of EMEKA NASARAof No 33 Bourdillon, Lagos, and who will seek for
the determination of the following questions:
QUESTIONS FOR DETERMINATION

1. Whether the claimant has a valid contract with the defendant in view of
Clause 4 of the agreement between the Claimant and the defendant dated
13/02/2015; OR
2. Whether the provisions of Section 145 of the CFRN 1999 as amended
imposes a duty or a discretion on the President to transmit a written
declaration to the President of the Senate and Speaker of House of
Representatives in the event of the President proceeding on vacation or is
otherwise unable to discharge the functions of his office.
RELIEFS SOUGHT BY THE CLAIMANT

AND after the determination of the issues, the Claimant prays as follows:
1. A DECLARATION that there is no valid contract between the claimant and the
defendant; OR
2. A DECLARATION that Section 145 of the 1999 CFRN as amended imposes a
duty on the President to transmit a written declaration to the President of the
Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives whenever he is
proceeding on vacation or is otherwise unable to discharge the functions of
his office.
Page 42 of 193
Dated this ____________ day of ____________________, 2020
_____________________
Registrar
THIS SUMMONS was taken out by S. K. Eyeke Esq., legal practitioner to the
claimant, whose address for service is No 5 Democracy town, Lagos
NOTE:
1. The defendant may appear hereto by entering appearance personally or by
legal practitioner either by handing in the appropriate forms duly completed at
the Registry of the High Court of Lagos State or by sending them to that office
by Registered Post. (Note, for Bar Part II, put appropriate name of court.)
2. If the defendant does not enter appearance within the time prescribed and at
the place mentioned above, such order will be made and proceedings may be
taken as the judge may think just and expedient.
FOR SERVICE ON:

The Defendant,
ONAH TOCHUKWU SYLVESTER
No 23, Ikoyi,
Lagos.

1. Prepare the necessary processes for the commencement of the action in the
case study below.
2. Assuming the trucks had been seized on a Sunday the 7th of February, 2017
though the company had concluded arrangement to make necessary payment of
the instalment for the month of January, 2016 on Monday the 8th of February,
2016. Prepare the necessary originating processes to be filed on behalf of the
company for the interpretation of clauses 7 and 8 of the letter of offer. (No other
facts are in dispute between the parties).
3. Assuming the transaction took place in Lagos State, draft the processes you
would have drafted in 1 above.
Page 43 of 193
4. Assuming the transaction took place in Lagos State and the accrued principal
and interest is now N200m, explain in numbered paragraphs the procedure you
will adopt to obtain judgment after trial by the quickest means possible under the
rules on behalf of the Bank.
5. Would your answer in 4 above be different if the transaction took place in the
Federal Capital Territory, Abuja?
6. Assuming the defendant in 3 above could not be served with the originating
process 5 months after filing and you realised that the process may not be
served until the 7th month, prepare the necessary application to ensure that the
process remains valid until the time of service.
7. Assuming all efforts to get the defendant in 4 above to be served with the
originating processes has proved abortive due to the fact the defendant has been
evading service, prepare necessary application to ensure that the processes are
served on the defendant.
8. Prepare the memorandum of appearance to be filed by the defendants in 1
above.
9. Draw up and briefly explain the ethical implications of: a. commencing an
action by wrong procedure, b. none or improper service of originating processes
and c. Delay in raising objection to non-compliance with the rules.
CASE STUDY
KAS Transport Ltd with registered office at No 1, KAS Close, Wuse, FCT Abuja,
carries on the business of haulage of petroleum products and other goods across
Nigeria. The company is the holder of current account No. 0020035790 with the
Abuja Branch of Matrix Bank PLC, one of the commercial banks in Nigeria with
registered/head office at No 114, Marina, Lagos. The Abuja Branch of the Bank
is located at Plot 5, Bank Street, Garki, Abuja.
By a letter of offer dated 28th October, 2014 duly accepted by the company, a
credit facility in the sum of N60, 000,000 (Sixty Million Naira) was granted to the
company by the Bank payable over a period of twenty four months at the interest
of 20% per annum for the purpose of part-financing the acquisition of 6 trucks for
movement of petroleum products by the company. Pursuant to that agreement, 6
DAF trucks were purchased with registration Nos. XU215JJJ, XU216JJJ,
XU217JJJ, XU218JJJ, XU219JJJ and XU210JJJ. The trucks were registered in
the joint names of the company and the bank but remained in the exclusive
possession of the company.
Page 44 of 193
Clause 7 of the letter of offer stipulates that the company shall pay principal and
interest by 24 equal instalments whilst clause 8 provides that failure to pay any
instalment within 7 days of its falling due shall entitle the Bank to repossess the
trucks.
When the company found it difficult to pay the required instalments, it entered
into negotiation with the Bank sometime in January, 2015 for the purpose of
spreading the payment over a period of 48 months instead of 24. Whilst this
negotiation was going on, the Bank’s debt recovery agent, Flash Services Ltd
seized the truck and detained them for 3 months in an open yard where they
were exposed to vagaries of weather. Eventually an agreement was reached to
spread payment over 36 months and the trucks were released to the company
but by this time all the tyres had gone bad, several of the engine parts had
become unserviceable and several body parts had started falling apart.
Therefore, the trucks no longer have the capacity to earn any income which can
be used to repay the loan. The company contends that it had been deceived into
entering into the new agreement as the state of the trucks had been concealed
from it.
The company is therefore contemplating suing the Bank for N100m damages for
negligence in its handling of the trucks and fraudulent misrepresentation.
Page 45 of 193
Week 7
INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATIONS
Generally, interlocutory applications are applications made in course of pending

proceedings. That is, they are applications that are made to court while an action
is pending in court and may be made at any stage of an action. An interlocutory
application may be made at any stage of an action. They are provisional, interim,
intervening applications made between the commencement and end of a suit to
decide some points or matter but not a final decision of the whole controversy.
Interlocutory application follows the cause or event in the proceedings and
therefore where the cause or event necessitates filing or making an interlocutory
application, an aggrieved party will be perfectly entitled to do so in the court –
Ezegbu v FATB Ltd.
Once an action has been commenced, all subsequent applications are referred
to as interlocutory applications – Nalsa Teem Associates Ltd. v NNPC and
Kotoye v Saraki. It is worthy of note that interlocutory injunction may come after
judgment e.g. judgment debtor asking for payment of judgment debt by
installment. Interlocutory applications before the court as a general rule are
meant to be determined before the substantive action.
Sample Drafts of Motions, Affidavit and Written Address

Motion Ex Parte

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: JIG/01/2020
MOTION NO_________
BETWEEN
MRS MERCY CHINDA……...……………………… CLAIMANT/APPLICANT
AND
1. PURITY BANK PLC
2. NIGERIAN DEPOSIT INSURANCE
CORPORATION…………………………DEFENDANTS
MOTION EX-PARTE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 43 RULE 1 OF THE LAGOS STATE HIGH
Page 46 of 193
COURT CIVIL PROCEDURE RULES 2019 AND UNDER THE INHERENT

JURISDICTION OF THE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this honourable Court shall be moved on the__________ day
of_________________2020 at the Hour of 9 O‘clock in the forenoon or so soon
thereafter as Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant may be heard praying the court
for the following RELIEFS:
1. AN ORDER OF INTERIM INJUNCTION restraining the 2 ndDefendant from

winding-up the 1stDefendant pending the hearing of the Motion on Notice already
filed before this court.
2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDER OR ORDERS as the honourable Court
may deem fit to make in the circumstances.
Dated this…………….. Day of……………………….. 2020.
____________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
APPLICANT’S SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
(ZENITH CHAMBERS)
No. 1 Akins way, Victoria Island
Lagos
Sample of Motion on Notice for Interlocutory Injunction

IN THE IKEJA JUDICIAL DIVISIO
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: HIC/02/2020
MOTION NO________
BETWEEN
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD…………………………....CLAIMANT/APPLICANT
AND
S & E NIGERIA LTD…………………….………….DEFENDANT/RESPONDENT
MOTION ON NOTICE
Page 47 of 193
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 43 RULE 1 OF THE HIGH COURT CIVIL

PROCEDURE RULES OF LAGOS STATE 2020 AND UNDER THE INHERENT
JURISDICTION OF THE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this honourable Court will be moved on the ______day
of______________2020 at the hour of 9 O‘clock in the forenoon or so soon
thereafter as Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant may be heard for:
1. AN ORDER OF INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION restraining the
Defendant/Respondent from converting the 20 vehicles to their sole use, pending
the determination of the substantive suit.
2. AN ORDER OF INTERLOCUTORY INJUNCTION retraining the
Defendant/Respondent from interfering with the proceeds of the contract
between the Claimant/Applicant and Defendant/Respondent pending the
determination of the substantive suit.
3. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDER OR ORDERS as the honourable court
Dated this………………….. Day of………………………………… 2020
______________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
CLAIMANT/APPLICANT’S
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
No. 1 Akins way, Victoria IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Defendant/Respondent’s Solicitor
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane, Lagos.
Page 48 of 193
Sample of Affidavit in support of Motion on Notice

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO________
BETWEEN
AND
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF MOTION ON NOTICE

I, Nwibo Nelson, Adult, Male, Christian, Managing Director to AYORINDE
NIGERIALtd, and Nigerian Citizen of No. 64 Billionaire Estate, Lagos State do
hereby make oath and state as follows:
1. I am the Managing Director to the Claimant/Applicant in this suit.
2. By virtue of my position, I am conversant with the fact and circumstances of
the suit and other related facts,
3. That I have the authority of the Claimant/Applicant to depose to this affidavit.
4. A contract was made between the Claimant/Applicant and
Defendant/Respondent which contract was evidenced in writing dated
14thday of January, 2019.The agreement is hereby attached as EXHIBIT Al.
5. Twenty (20) vehicles were purchased only for the purpose of implementing
the contract and the 20(twenty) vehicles are packed at the
Defendant/Respondent’s premises.
6. The sum of N3.47 Million accrued as the proceeds of the contract on the 18th
day of January, 2020 the receipt which the Claimant/Applicant acknowledged.
The receipt is hereby attached as EXHIBIT A2.
7. The Defendant converted the 20 (twenty) buses to its sole use and for other
purposes different from the terms of the contract.
8. I believe that irreparable damage or injury will be caused to the
Claimant/Applicant if the application is not granted.
9. The Claimant/Applicant undertakes to pay all damages caused to the
Defendant/Respondent if this application ought not to have been granted.
Page 49 of 193
10. I swear to this affidavit in good faith believing same to be true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and in accordance with the Oath Act.
...........…………………..
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court Registry, Lagos State

This __________day of____________ 2020
BEFORE ME
…………………………………………………..
Sample of Written Address in Support of Motion

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO________
BETWEEN
AND
WRITTEN ADDRESS
INTRODUCTION
My Lord, before this honourable court is an application for a motion on notice
dated 21st day of January, 2020 and filed on the 21st day of January, 2020. My
Lord, the motion is brought pursuant to Order 43 Rule 1 High Court Civil
Procedure Rules of Lagos State 2019 and the inherent jurisdiction of the court.
My Lord, the motion is praying this honourable court to grant an interlocutory
injunction restraining the Defendant/Respondent from…………….. (State the
reliefs sought in the motion)
Page 50 of 193
My Lord, this motion is supported by a 10-paragraph affidavit deposed to by one

Mr Nwibo Nelson. My Lord, we rely on all the paragraphs of the affidavit
particularly paragraphs 3-11.
SUMMARY OF FACTS
(State the Facts in brief)
ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION:
LEGAL ARGUMENT
My Lord, it is an established principle of Law that before an application of this
nature can be granted, certain factors must be established which include: Legal
Issue, balance of convenience, substantial issue to be tried.... These have been
well established in the case of Obeya Memorial Hospital v. A.G. Federation &
Anor(1987) 7 SC (Pt.1) 52.
My Lord, we wish to submit that considering the fact deposed to in the affidavit
already before this court, the Claimant/Applicant has a legal right and substantial
issue to be tried.
CONCLUSION
We therefore urge the court to grant this application. We respectfully, submit.
Dated this…………………… day of……………………....…….. 2020.
______________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Defendant/Respondent‘s Solicitor
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane, Lagos.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES CITED

1. Obeya Memorial Hospital v. A.G. Federation & Anor. (1987) 7 SC (Pt.1) 52
Page 51 of 193
WEEK 7 ASSIGNMENT - INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATIONS
1. In 2010, Chief Chike Okeke purchased a land known as No. 4A Bode

Thomas Industrial Layout, Aguda, Lagos from Chief Idowu Williams. Chief Chike
Okeke was unable to develop the land due to a protracted illness.
Chief Idowu Williams, subsequently sold the property to Ginisia International
Company Limited. Ginisia wants to construct an industrial gas reservoir on the
land and has concluded plans to move to site immediately. Chief Okeke intends
to build a Sports Centre on the land. Chief Okeke has approached you to institute
an action to protect his title to the land.
Answer the following questions:
a) What application(s) would you file in order to preserve the “res” pending
the determination of the suit you have just instituted on behalf of Chief Chike
Okeke.
b) Draft the application in (a) above with the supporting documents
c) Move the application you have so drafted in (c) above.
d) Assuming you are the judge before whom the application drafted in (b)
above is brought and moved. What are the factors you will consider in granting or
refusing the application?
2. Mr. Zamzam Pofi died intestate on 1st January, 2020 leaving behind two
children namely: Rikici Zamzam (35) and Hakuri Zamzam (30). The title
document to his only property is in the possession of his solicitor, Mr. Shaakkaa
Mangu. While his letters of administration is still being processed, his two sons
have been disturbing Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu about the title document. Rikici
Zamzam the elder son is laying claim to the title document being the first son
while the second son Hakuri is equally laying claim that by Mwahavul custom, it
is the second son who is entitled to the title document
Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu is in a dilemma as to who to give the title document and he
does not want to give it to the wrong person and neither does he want to
continue to hold it. He has approached you for an advice.
Now answer the following questions:

a) What kind of procedure is referred to in the scenario above?
b) Assuming you are counsel to Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu, what will be your
advice to him with respect to the to the title document?
c) List the facts that must be deposed to in the affidavit to be filed.
Page 52 of 193
d) Assuming Rikici Zamzam had gone to the High Court of the Federal
Capital Territory seeking a declaration that he is entitled to the title document,
what step will you take as Counsel to Hakuri Zamzam to prevent Mr. Shaakkaa
Mangu from giving the title document to him pending the outcome of the suit?
e) Draft the document to achieve the steps in (d) above without the
supporting documents.
3. Akare-iya and Gbarima are neighbouring communities in Eko LGA, Lagos

State. For years, the two communities have been locked in a bitter dispute over a
large parcel of land at the border of the two communities. Sometimes in 20019,
Chief Akare, the traditional ruker of Akare-Iya agreed with his Council of Chiefs to
retain your legal services to file an action against Gbarima community, seeking a
declaration of title to the land. Hon. Akin Tunde, a member of the Council of
Chiefs came to your office to brief you. You have filed the action and upon being
served with the originating process, Chief Olode, the traditional ruler of Gbarima
and members of his cabinet mandated Chief Alarinde to brief A.J Adetutu (SAN),
to file their defence. A.J Adetutu (SAN) intends to apply to terminate the action in
limine on the ground that the High court has no jurisdiction over the matter,
because it is a boundary dispute, which should be determined only by National
Boundary Commission.

a) Draft the application asking leave of court to institute this action in a
representative capacity. Do not draft the supporting documents. Your name for
this process is A.B Smart Esq.
b) Assuming after the suit has been instituted and the bailiff cannot effect
personal service of the originating process on the defendants as counsel to the
claimants what step will you take?
c) Draft the necessary application to achieve the step taking in (b) above
without the supporting document.
d) Assuming the defendants upon being served intend to submit to the
jurisdiction of the court, within what time limit are the defendants expected to
enter the appearance and file a defence and what documents should they file for
this purpose?
e) Assuming the defendants were out of time in filing the processes in (j)
above, draft the necessary application to regularized your position without the
supporting documents.
Page 53 of 193
3. Mr. Frodd Moses entered into a contract for the supply of medical equipment
to Tacha Hospital Limited in Abuja in January 2019. The contract sum of N20
Million was to be paid upon delivery of the equipment. Mr.Frodd Moses had
since delivered but despite several letters of demand, the hospital has refused
to pay the contract sum. Mr. Frodd Moses has recently heard that the hospital
is selling off its assets and moving them out of Abuja.
You have been approached by Mr. Frodd Moses for an advice.

a) What step will you take to ensure that Tacha Hospital Limited does not
take its assets out of Abuja?
b) Draft the application and affidavit in support of the step you will take in (a)
above.
WEEK 7 TASK: KANO CAMPUS
CASE STUDY
Mr. Sani Bala and Ms. Angelina Okeke graduated from the Kano campus of
Nigerian Law School in 2010. When they were at the law school, they were very
close that all their friends wished they could eventually be couples. Immediately
after their graduation, they decided to settle in Lagos to establish their law firm.
As they were in need of money, Mr. Sani Bala met his uncle Salisu Kayode who
agreed to give them the sum of N5, 000,000.00 as loan. An agreement was
executed for the loan between Sani and his uncle that the money would be paid
within the first year of the establishment of the law firm. Sani and Angelina being
lawyers, also signed a separate agreement between them that the payment of
the loan obtained from Salisu would be made by them. Angelina was given the
sum of Two Million Five Hundred Thousand to purchase all the necessary pieces
of furniture for the law firm and to register it with the CAC. Sani was also given
the sum of Two Million Five Hundred Thousand and tasked with securing a
convenient place for the law firm and use the money for payment of two years
rent. Sani successfully secured a place for the law firm at No 123, Shittu
Akinwunmi Street, Obalande and paid the two years rent. However, to the
dismay of Sani Ms. Angelina converted the money for her own use by travelling
to Dubai for shopping, Kenya for tourism and India for medical checkup.
Page 54 of 193
a. As it has been difficult to locate Angelina’s precise whereabouts since the

dispute so that the originating processes are served on her, what steps will you
take to ensure that Angelina is eventually served; draft the application?
b. Assuming Angelina was eventually served but is out of time to file her
defence, prepare the necessary application without the supporting processes.
c. Assuming also you are Counsel to Sani who wants to oppose Angelina’s
application in (b) above, draft the relevant processes for doing so.
d. Sani discovered that Angelina had bought two plots at Agege with their money
but immediately she learned about the action against her, she advertised in a
local daily that the plots are on auction. As counsel to Sani, what necessary
steps will you take to prevent her from auctioning the plots?
e. After judgement in the case and upon execution by attaching a Mercedes

Benz Car – C - Class found in Angelina’s house, her cousin Mr. John Tsoho is
laying claim of the ownership of the car and has threatened to take legal action
against the court official who executed the judgement. Advise the court official on
the procedure and steps to take to absolve himself from any liability.
IN THE FEDERAL/STATE HIGH COURT

IN THE LAGOS COURT DIVISION
HOLDEN AT LAGOS
RUFUS IBRAHIM ON BEHALF OF OGWUGWU FAMILY OF OBALENDE…… PLAINTIFF/CLAIMANT

Vs
MR & MRS GRACE & FRANCIS GARBA …….. CORESPONDENTS
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 39 RULE 1 AND THE INHERENT POWERS OF THE

COURT
Let it be Known by All that this Honourable Court will be moved this Monday at
the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as counsel may be
heard on behalf of the Plaintiff/Claimant praying this Honourable Court for:
1. What the Plaintiff/Claimant lawyer will ask the court so that he be given order
to stop the defendant from building on the land in this case at No. 1 Aso Drive,
Obalende, Ikeja, Lagos.
Dated 12th day of January, 2019
PP: M.M. BAWA & CO
C/O No. 14 PARK ROAD
ZARIA
Page 55 of 193
1. The above motion was purportedly drafted by a lawyer as a motion for an

interim injunction, insisting that he was taught that way in the law school. Redraft
it in terms of its mandatory and conventional portions.
2. The motion was purportedly filed the 12th January 2020, can the affidavit in
support be filed on the 18th of January, 2020? Support your answer with legal
authority.
3. The attached motion was filed on 12th January, 2020 and fixed for hearing the
following day. The respondents were served on the evening of 12th of January,
2020. If you were the respondent’s counsel, what will you do on the hearing
date?
4. The ‘Advanced Copies’ of the attached motion was served on the respondent.
The court has determined to hear the motion based on these ‘advanced copies’.
What is the legal implication of doing so?
5. While moving this motion, Counsel did not cite any legal authority in support.
He kept saying ‘it is trite law’. What is the legal and ethical implication of doing
so?
6. Surprisingly again, the motion has not been supported with any affidavit. State
the legal implications, supporting your answer with legal authorities.
CLASS ASSIGNMENTS - WEEK 7 - INTERLOCUTORY APPLICATIONS 1

- YOLA CAMPUS
In 2010, Chief Chike Okeke purchased a land known as No. 4A Bode Thomas
Industrial Layout, Aguda, Lagos from Chief Idowu Williams. Chief Chike Okeke
was unable to develop the land due to a protracted illness. Chief Idowu Williams,
subsequently sold the property to Ginisia International Company Limited. Ginisia
wants to construct an industrial gas reservoir on the land and has concluded
plans to move to site immediately. Chief Okeke intends to build a Sports Centre
on the land. Chief Okeke has approached you to institute an action to protect his
title to the land.
Answer the following questions: a) What application(s) would you file in order to
preserve the “res” pending the determination of the suit you have just instituted
on behalf of Chief Chike Okeke. b) Draft the application in (a) above with the
supporting documents c) Move the application you have so drafted in (c) above.
d) Assuming you are the judge before whom the application drafted in (b) above
Page 56 of 193
is brought and moved. What are the factors you will consider in granting or
refusing the application?
2. Mr. Zamzam Pofi died intestate on 1st January, 2020 leaving behind two
children namely: Rikici Zamzam (35) and Hakuri Zamzam (30). The title
document to his only property is in the possession of his solicitor, Mr. Shaakkaa
Mangu. While his letters of administration is still being processed, his two sons
have been disturbing Mr.Shaakkaa Mangu about the title document. Rikici
Zamzam the elder son is laying claim to the title document being the first son
while the second son Hakuri is equally laying claim that by Mwahavul custom, it
is the second son who is entitled to the title document. Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu is
in a dilemma as to who to give the title document and he does not want to give it
to the wrong person and neither does he want to continue to hold it. He has
approached you for an advice.
Now answer the following questions: a) What kind of procedure is referred to in

the scenario above? b) Assuming you are counsel to Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu, what
will be your advice to him with respect to the to the title document? c) List the
facts that must be deposed to in the affidavit to be filed. d) Assuming Rikici
Zamzam had gone to the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory seeking a
declaration that he is entitled to the title document, what step will you take as
Counsel to Hakuri Zamzam to prevent Mr. Shaakkaa Mangu from giving the title
document to him pending the outcome of the suit? e) Draft the document to
achieve the steps in (d) above without the supporting dociments.
3. Akare-iya and Gbarima are neighboring communities in Eko LGA, Lagos

State. For years, the two communities have been locked in a bitter dispute over a
large parcel of land at the border of the two communities. Sometimes in 20019,
Chief Akare, the traditional ruker of Akare-Iya agreed with his Council of Chiefs to
retain your legal services to file an action against Gbarima community, seeking a
declaration of tittle to the land. Hon. Akin Tunde, a member of the Council of
Chiefs came to your office to brief you. You have filed the action and upon being
served with the originating process, Chief Olode, the traditional ruler of Gbarima
and members of his cabinet mandated Chief Alarinde to brief A.J Adetutu (SAN),
to file their defence. A.J Adetutu (SAN) intends to apply to terminate the action in
limine on the ground that the High court has no jurisdiction over the matter,
Page 57 of 193
because it is a boundary dispute, which should be determined only by National

Boundary Commission.
Answer the following questions: a) Draft the application asking leave of court to
institute this action in a representative capacity. Do not draft the supporting
documents. Your name for this process is A.B Smart Esq. b) Assuming after the
suit has been instituted and the bailiff cannot effect personal service of the
originating process on the defendants as counsel to the claimants what step will
you take? c) Draft the necessary application to achieve the step taking in (b)
above without the supporting document. d) Assuming the defendants upon being
served intend to submit to the jurisdiction of the court, within what time limit are
the defendants expected to enter the appearance and file a defence and what
documents should they file for this purpose? e) Assuming the defendants were
out of time in filing the processes in (j) above, draft the necessary application to
regularized your position without the supporting documents.
4. Mr. Frodd Moses entered into a contract for the supply of medical equipment
to Tacha Hospital Limited in Abuja in January 2019. The contract sum of N20
Million was to be paid upon delivery of the equipment. Mr.Frodd Moses had
since delivered but despite several letters of demand, the hospital has refused to
pay the contract sum. Mr. Frodd Moses has recently heard that the hospital is
selling off its assets and moving them out of Abuja. You have been approached
by Mr. Frodd Moses for an advice. a) What step will you take to ensure that
Tacha Hospital Limited does not take its assets out of Abuja? b) Draft the
application and affidavit in support of the step you will take in (a) above.
Page 58 of 193
Week 8
SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROCEDURE
A summary judgment is one entered in favour of the Plaintiff or Claimant

summarily, without going a full trial, i.e. hearing of evidence, address by counsel
before the court’s judgment. Such judgment is based on the writ of summons,
statement of claim, and sometimes statement of defence. In some instances,
there may be no pleadings but just affidavit by the Plaintiff and counter affidavit
by the Defendant.
DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ORDER 11 SUMMARY JUDGMENT AND

UNDEFENDED LIST
ORDER 11 SUMMARY JUDGMENT UNDEFENDED LIST
1 Applies to all suits in which the defendant 1 Applies only to recovery of debt and
has no defence liquidated money demand
2 Mode of application is via motion on notice. 2 Mode of application is via motion ex parte.
See Order 43 Rule 1(1) & 3(1) Lagos; See Cash Affairs Ltd. v. Inland Bank (Nig.)
Order 49 Rule 1(1) Abuja Plc (2000) 5 NWLR [Pt. 658] 568
3 Statement of claim and deposition of 3 No requirement for statement of claim and
witnesses are to accompany writ of deposition of witness to accompany
summons. See Order11 Rule 1 Lagos/Abuja statement of claim. See Order 35 Rule 1
Abuja
4 Suits are entered under summary judgment 4 Suits are entered under the undefended list
procedure by the Registrar procedure by the Judge in Chambers. See
Order 35 Rule 1(1) Abuja
5 Where the matter is transferred to the 5 Where the matter is transferred under the
general cause list after the defendant has general cause list after the defendant has
disclosed a defence on the merit, hearing disclosed a defence on the merit, hearing
will have to be by pleadings can be by affidavits of parties without
requiring pleadings. See Order 35 Rule 3(1)
Abuja
6 Application is brought under Order 11 of the 6 Application is brought under Order 35 of
Extant Rules (Lagos & Abuja) Abuja Rules
7 Where the defendant wants to defend, there 7 Where the defendant wants to defend, there
is no requirement for filing notice of is requirement for filing notice of intention
intention to defend to defend. See Order 35 Rule 3 Abuja
Page 59 of 193
Sample Drafts Application for Summary Judgment

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: CIV/552/2020
MOTION NO_________
BETWEEN
AND
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 13 RULE 1 AND ORDER 43 RULE 1 HIGH
COURT OF THE LAGOS STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 AND
UNDER THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court shall be moved on the 6 th day of
December, 2020 at the hour of 9 O‘clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
Counsel to the Claimant/Applicant may be heard for:
1. AN ORDER FOR SUMMARY JUDGEMENT IN FAVOUR
OFTHECLAIMANT/APPLICANT AGAINST THE
DEFENDANTS/RESPONDENTS.
2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDER OR ORDERS as the honourable court
GROUNDS FOR THE APPLICATION

TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the ground of this application is that the
Defendants/Respondents having been served with all relevant originating
processes in this suit has no defence.
Dated this 4th day of December, 2020
______________________
Page 60 of 193
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ

SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane, Lagos
Sample of Affidavit in Support of Application for Summary Judgement
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE OF LAGOS STATE

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO_________
BETWEEN
AND

NIGERIA LTD, and Nigerian Citizen of No. 64 Ilupeju Estate, Lagos State do
Defendant/Respondent which contract was evidenced in writing dated 14 th
day of January, 2019. The agreement is hereby attached as EXHIBIT Al.
Page 61 of 193
5. Twenty (20) vehicles were purchased only for the purpose of implementing
the contract and the 20(twenty) vehicles are packed at the
Defendant/Respondent‘s premises.
6. The Sum of N3.47 Million accrued as the proceeds of the contract performed
from 14th January, 2019 to 20th January, 2020, the receipt which the
Claimant/Applicant acknowledged. The receipt is hereby attached as
EXHIBIT A2.
7. The Defendant converted the 20 (twenty) buses to its sole use and for other
purposes different from the terms of the contract.
8. The Defendant/Respondent‘s right will not be affected in any way if this
application is granted.
9. I swear to this affidavit in good faith believing same to be true and correct to
the best of my knowledge and in accordance with the Oath Act.
...........…………………..
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court Registry, Lagos State

This 4th Day of December, 2020
BEFORE ME
…………………………………………………..
Sample of Written Address for Summary Judgment
IN THE HIGH COURT OF JUSTICE OF LAGOS STATE
Page 62 of 193

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO_________
BETWEEN
AND
WRITTEN ADDRESS
INTRODUCTION
My Lord, before this honorable court is an application for summary judgment
dated and filed on 4th day of December, 2020. My Lord, the motion is brought
pursuant to Order 13 Rules 1 and Order 43 Rule 1 of the High Court Civil
Procedure Rules of Lagos State 2019 and the inherent jurisdiction of the court.
My Lord, the motion is praying this honorable court as follows:
1. Specific performance in respect of the N3, 470, 000 (Three Million Four
Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira) that accrued as the proceeds of the
contract performed between the parties from 14th January 2019 to 20th
January,2020; and
2. General damages of N6, 000,000 (Six Million Naira) arising from delay of the
defendant to pay the balance.
My Lord, this motion is supported by a 9-paragraphs affidavit deposed to by one
Nwibo Nelson. My Lord, we rely on all the paragraphs of the affidavit particularly
paragraphs 4-7.
SUMMARY OF FACTS
The Claimant and Defendant entered into a contract and a partnership
agreement on the 14th day of January, 2019 that deals with the purchase and
supply of 20 vehicles. The contract was entered into in Ikeja though the
performance was meant to be in Ikoyi Lagos where the Defendant (S and E Ltd)
had its offices. The sum of N3.47 million was realized as proceeds of the contract
performed by the parties from 14th January 2019 to 20th January 2020. The
Defendant breached the agreement between the parties by refusing to hand over
the sum of N3.37 million due to the Claimant from the contract and also
converted the 20 vehicles from the contract for its sole use.
Page 63 of 193
ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION

1. Whether the defendant has no defence to the action.
LEGAL ARGUMENTS
My Lord, it is evidence from the above that the agreement was made to pay the
sum of N3, 470, 000 (Three Million Four Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira)
to the Claimant as part of his share for the profit that accrued from the contract
between the parties. This sum has not been paid to the claimant which
necessitate this action. It has been established without controversy from the
given evidence that the claimant is entitled to the sum of N3, 470,000 (Three
Million four Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira) as part of its proceed from
the contract and also entitle to 10 vehicles out of the 20 vehicle the Defendant
wants to convert to its sole use.
Again, the length of time taken before this action is instituted coupled with the
value of the sum involved in this matter and the cost of this action resulting from
the breach of the defendant, the claimant is entitled to the sum of N5,000,000
(Five Million Naira) as general damages.
Flowing from the above arguments, it is the believe of the claimant/applicant that
the defendants have no defence to the action as held in the case of Iron Products
Ltd. v. SAC (1992) 4 NWLR (PT. 238) 734.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, based on the detail argument canvassed in favour of the
claimant/applicant above and the facts contained in the pleadings coupled with
unequivocal pieces of evidence, we urge the court to grant the application and
the claims of the claimant/applicant as follows:
1. An Order for the payment of the sum of N3, 470,000 (Three Million Four
Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira) as part of its proceed from the
contract between the parties; and
2. Order for the payment of damages of N5,000,000 (Five Million Naira) arising
from delay of the defendant to pay the balance.
We respectfully, submit.

_____________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
Page 64 of 193
EYEKE KENNETH & CO

No. 1 Akins way, Victoria
Island Lagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.

1. Iron Products Ltd. v. SAC (1992) 4 NWLR (PT. 238) 734
2…………………………………………………………
Undefended List Application

HOLDEN AT ABUJA SUIT NO: CIV/552/2020
MOTION NO_________
BETWEEN
AND
MOTION EX-PARTE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 35 RULE 1 OF THE HIGH COURT OF
THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES
2018 AND UNDER THEINHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE
COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court may be moved on the 6th day of
December, 2020 at the hour of 9 O‘clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
counsel for the Applicant may be heard praying this Honourable Court for the
following orders:
1. ANORDER OF COURT PLACING THIS WRIT OF SUMMONS ON
THEUNDEFENDED LIST
2. AND FOR SUCH ORDER FURTHER ORDERS this Honourable Court may
deem fit to make in the circumstances.
Page 65 of 193
EYEKE KENNETH, ESQ

COUNSEL TO
CLAIMANT/APPLICANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO
Plot 76 Democracy
Extension, Abuja
Sample of Affidavit in Support of Application to Place Writ on The

Undefended List

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT NO:………………
MOTION___________
BETWEEN
AND
S & E NIGERIA LTD…………………….………….DEFENDANT
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF MOTION EX-PARTE UNDER THE

UNDEFENDEDLIST
NIGERIA LTD, and Nigerian Citizen of No. 64 Ilupeju Estate, Lagos State do
Defendant/Respondent which contract was evidenced in writing dated 14 th
day of January, 2019. The agreement is hereby attached as EXHIBIT Al.
Page 66 of 193
5. The sum of N3.47 Million accrued as the proceeds of the contract performed
from 14th January, 2019 to 20th January, 2020, the receipt which the
Claimant/Applicant acknowledged. The receipt is hereby attached as
EXHIBIT A2.
6. The defendant has afterwards refused to pay the Claimant the sum of money
due to him from the contract even after several demands.
7. I know that the defendant has no defence to the claim
8. I swear to this affidavit solemnly and conscientiously believing same to betrue
and correct and in accordance with the Oaths Act.
…………………………………..
DEPONENT
Sworn to At the F.C.T. High Court Registry, Abuja
This 4th day of December, 2020.
Before me
………………………………………………..
COMMISSIONER FOR OATH
Page 67 of 193
Written Address in Support of Application to Place Writ on The Undefended

List

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT NO:………………..
MOTION____________
BETWEEN
AND
WRITTEN ADDRESS IN SUPPORT OF MOTION EX-PARTE UNDER THE

UNDEFENDED LIST
INTRODUCTION
My Lord, before this honourable court is an application for leave to place this suit
under the Undefended List. The motion is dated and filed on the 4th day of
December, 2020. My Lord, the motion is brought pursuant to Order 35 Rule 1 of
the High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules of Federal Capital Territory, 2018 and
under the inherent jurisdiction of the court.
My Lord, this motion is supported by an 8-paragraph affidavit deposed to by one
Nwibo Samuel My Lord, we rely on all the paragraphs of the affidavit particularly
paragraphs 4-7.
STATEMENT OF FACT
The case arose as a result of the refusal of the defendant to pay the claimant the
agreed sum of N3, 470, 000 which was properly reflected in the contract
agreement which they entered into on 14th January 2019.This money duly
accrued from the proceeds of the contract which the defendant ought to give the
Claimant as part of his share in the contract.
ISSUE(S) FOR DETERMINATION

The sole issue for determination is: Whether the defendant has no defence to
this suit.
LEGAL ARGUMENTS
Page 68 of 193
My Lord, it is the believe of the Claimant/Applicant that the Defendant has no

defence to the action. We shall be relying on the authority of the Supreme Court
as held in Iron Products Ltd. v. SAC (1992) 4 NWLR (PT. 238) 734.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, based on the detail argument canvassed in favour of the
Claimant/Applicant above and the facts contained in the pleadings coupled with
unequivocal pieces of evidence, we urge the court to grant the application and
the claims of the Claimant/Applicant as follows:
1. An order to the Defendant to pay the sum of N3,470,000 (Three Million Four
Hundred and Seventy Thousand Naira) to the Claimant
2. An order to the Defendant to pay the sum of N5,000,000 (Five Million Naira)
as general damages
EYEKE KENNETH, ESQ

COUNSEL TO PLAINTIFF/APPLICANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO
Plot 76 Democracy Extension
Abuja

1. Iron Products Ltd. v. SAC (1992) 4 NWLR (Pt. 238) 734.
2. ………………………………………………………………..
Page 69 of 193
Notice of Intention to Defend Under the Undefended List

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT NO:……………………
MOTION____________
BETWEEN
AND
NOTICE OF INTENTION TO DEFEND
TAKE NOTICE that the defendant intends to defend the suit at the hearing.
Dated this 6th day of December, 2020.
OKPARA MICHAEL, ESQ

COUNSEL TO DEFENDANT
Whose address for service:
24, Ray Power Road
Asokoro, Abuja
For Service on:

EYEKE KENNETH, ESQ
COUNSEL TO PLAINTIFF/APPLICANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO
Plot 76 Democracy Extension
Abuja
NOTE: This Notice of Intention to defend shall be accompanied by an affidavit

disclosing defence on the merit and a written address [see page 125&126 of Akin O.
Oluwadayisi Sample Draft]
Page 70 of 193
WEEK 8 ASSIGNMENT ON SUMMARY JUDGMENT PROCEDURE
Mrs Leah Hogan is a caterer who operates her catering business under the
name "Sweet Meals Enterprises of No. 1 Catering Road, Ikeja. On 1st
November 2019 she entered into an agreement to provide catering services at
the graduation ceremony of a private educational institution - Eagles Private
School Limited- of No. I Eagles Crescent, Victoria Island, Lagos. The
transaction entailed the supply of 4000 plates of assorted meals for the
students of the School, their parents and other invited guests at the ceremony,
at the rate of N4000 per each plate/ person to cover the cost of the ceremony
the School had demanded and received the sum of N50, 000 from each of its
students as a "Development fee" An initial sum of N4 million was paid to Mrs.
Hogan, just as the parties agreed to the payment of the balance of N12 million,
within 2 weeks after the holding of the ceremony The graduation took place on
the 17th November 2019, with success. By a letter of 19th November,2019 to
Mrs. Hogan, the School commended the excellent performance of her part of
the catering agreement. The School also advised Mrs. Hogan to expect
payment of the outstanding N12 million within a week from the date on the
letter
Contrary to the promise, the School has refused, defaulted, and/or neglected
to settle its outstanding indebtedness to Mrs. Hogan, in the sum of N12 million,
despite several letters and visits from Mrs. Hogan to the School. Rather, by
another letter dated 10th May, 2020, the school acknowledged Its
indebtedness to Mrs. Hogan, even as it pleaded its inability to raise the money
at this time. The School blamed its inability to settle the debt on the COVID-19
Epidemic which had adversely affected payment of school fees by its students,
before the closure of the School.
In any case, Mrs. Hogan has found out on good information from Miss,
Slippery Joe (a friend of Mrs. Hogan and an accountant with the School), that
the School currently has to its credit in an account with the 3rd Bank of Nig,
Plc- the sum of N 60 million being the school fees generated in the last
academic session.
Mrs. Hogan has retained your services to recover the sum of N 12 million from
the School:
Page 71 of 193
I. Identify the procedure you would adopt to recover the money expeditiously
and without calling witnesses in Lagos
II. State the documents that you would have to file in court while commencing the
action in (i) above. iii. Draft the application and the affidavit required in (i)
above
III. Assuming the cause of action arose in Abuja, identify any other procedure that
could be adopted for the recovery of the money in lieu of the procedure
identified in (i) above.
IV. Give a list of steps involved in the procedure in (iv), above.
V. State 2 similarities as well as 3 differences between the procedure in (i) and

the other one in (iv), above.
Assignment 2
Prepare in writing ethical issues that may arise and ethical duties of a lawyer
in such cases as a summary judgment procedure

1. In a tabular form set out the similarities and differences between Summary
Judgment Procedure and Default Judgment.
2. Compare and list the similarities as well as the differences between the
Undefended List Procedure in the FCT rules and Summary Judgment procedure
under Orders 13 & 11 in the Lagos and Abuja rules respectively.
3. List the processes to be filed in actions commenced under the Undefended
List on the one hand and those to be filed in the
procedure under Orders 13 & 11 in the Lagos and Abuja rules respectively on the
other.
4. Highlight the procedure for the two procedures for Summary Judgment (Order
35 Abuja on the one hand and Orders 13 & 11 in the Lagos and Abuja rules on
the other) from filing of the process to judgement.
5. As Counsel to the Matrix Bank in the case study below draft the necessary
processes for the purpose of applying for Summary Judgment under the
Undefended List Procedure.
Page 72 of 193
6. As Counsel to the Defendant, list the necessary processes for purposes of

defending the case on the merit. Draft the first process listed only for purposes of
defending the case.
7. Assuming the transaction took place in Lagos, list the necessary processes
for the purpose of applying for the appropriate Summary Judgment. Draft the
application only summary judgement.
8. As Counsel to the Defendant in 7 above, list the necessary document(s) you
will draft for the purposes of defending the case on the merit.
9. Identify and draw up a list of ethical issues likely to arise in an application for
Summary Judgment. What are the duties of a Lawyer in a Summary Judgment
Procedure?
CASE STUDY
KAS Transport Ltd with registered office at No 1, KAS Close, Wuse, FCT Abuja,
carries on the business of haulage of petroleum products and other goods across
Nigeria. The Company is the holder of current account No. 0020035790 with the
Abuja Branch of Matrix Bank PLC, one of the commercial banks in Nigeria with
registered/head office at No 114, Marina, Lagos. The Abuja Branch of the Bank
is located at Plot 5, Bank Street, Garki, Abuja.
By a letter of offer dated 28th October, 2014 duly accepted by the Company, a
credit facility in the sum of N60, 000,000 (Sixty Million Naira) was granted to the
company by the Bank payable over a period of twenty four months at the interest
of 20% per annum for the purpose of part-financing the acquisition of 6 trucks for
movement of petroleum products by the company. Pursuant to that agreement, 6
DAF trucks were purchased with registration Nos. XU215JJJ, XU216JJJ,
XU217JJJ, XU218JJJ, XU219JJJ and XU210JJJ. The trucks were registered in
the joint names of the company and the bank but remained in the exclusive
possession of the company.
Clause 7 of the letter of offer stipulates that the company shall pay principal and
interest by 24 equal instalments. The Company paid regular instalments for 12
consecutive months but has since stopped any payment. At the end of the 24th
month, the Bank decided to commence proceedings in Court to recover the
balance by the quickest means possible under the rules.
Page 73 of 193
SUMMARY JUDGMENT TASK: YOLA CAMPUS
Mrs Leah Hogan is a caterer who operates her catering business under the name
“Sweet Meals Enterprises” of No. 1 Catering Road, Ikeja. On 1st November 2019 she
entered into an agreement to provide catering services at the graduation ceremony of a
private educational institution - Eagles Private School Limited- of No. I Eagles Crescent,
Victoria Island, Lagos. The transaction entailed the supply of 4000 plates of assorted
meals for the students of the School, their parents and other invited guests at the
ceremony, at the rate of N4000 per each plate/ person. To cover the cost of the
ceremony the School had demanded and received the sum of N50, 000 from each of its
students as a “Development fee”
An initial sum of N4 million was paid to Mrs. Hogan, just as the parties agreed to the
payment of the balance of N12 million, within 2 weeks after the holding of the ceremony.
The graduation took place on the 17th November 2019, with success. By a letter of 19th
November, 2019 to Mrs. Hogan, the School commended the excellent performance of
her part of the catering agreement. The School also advised Mrs. Hogan to expect
payment of the outstanding N12 million within a week from the date on the letter.
Contrary to the promise, the School has refused, defaulted, and/ or neglected to settle
its outstanding indebtedness to Mrs. Hogan, in the sum of N12 million, despite several
letters and visits from Mrs. Hogan to the School. Rather, by another letter dated 10th
May, 2020, the school acknowledged its indebtedness to Mrs. Hogan, even as it
pleaded its inability to raise the money at this time. The School blamed its inability to
settle the debt on the COVID-19 Epidemic which had adversely affected payment of
school fees by its students, before the closure of the School.
In any case, Mrs. Hogan has found out on good information from Miss. Slippery Joe (a
friend of Mrs. Hogan and an accountant with the School), that the School currently has
to its credit - in an account with the 3rd Bank of Nig. Plc- the sum of N 60 million being
the school fees generated in the last academic session.
Mrs. Hogan has retained your services to recover the sum of N12 million from the
School:
a. Identify the procedure you would adopt to recover the money expeditiously
and without calling witnesses in Lagos.
b. State the documents that you would have to file in court while commencing
the action in (i) above.
c. Draft the application and the affidavit required in (i) above.
d. Assuming the cause of action arose in Abuja, identify any other procedure that
could be adopted for the recovery of the money in lieu of the procedure
identified in (i) above.
e. Give a list of steps involved in the procedure in (iv), above.
f. State 2 similarities as well as 3 differences between the procedure in (i) and
the other one in (iv), above
Page 74 of 193
Week 9
PLEADINGS (EXAMS)
Pleadings are written statements of fact set out in summary form which is filed
and exchanged by the parties in a civil action commenced by writ of summons.
Pleadings usually contain the material facts which the party serving it intends to
use in proof of his case. Whether a case will succeed or not is depending on
pleadings. No rule provides that pleadings must be in a particular form.
Essentially, the basic rules for drafting pleadings are the same but pleadings
drafted by lawyers A and lawyer B on the same facts will be different. Always
adopt precedents effectively.
Pleadings are not used in the Magistrate courts. They are used ONLY in actions
commenced by writ of summons. However, it must be noted that the court may
order pleadings to be filed and exchanged in an action wrongly commenced by
originating summons where there are disputes of facts. See Adeyelu II v.
Ajagungbade III.
Types of Pleadings
1) Statement of claim
2) Statement of defense
3) Reply. [This is the second pleading filed by plaintiff to defendant to respond
to new matters in SOD].
4) Set-Off/Counter-claim
5) Defenses to Set-Off/Counter-claim.
6) Further and better particulars
N/B Originating processes such as writ of summons, originating summons, petition,
originating application (motion) are not the same as pleadings
Contents of Pleadings
1) Statement of material facts on which the Claimant bases his claim or the
Defendant relies on for his defense.
2) Statements of fact and not evidence by which facts will be proved – Order 15
Rule 2 Abuja.
3) Statements of fact in which the law can be inferred and not the law itself –
Abacha v. Fawehinmi.
4) Relief sought by a party
Page 75 of 193
SAMPLE DRAFTS OF PLEADINGS

Accompanying Documents for the Claimant (Pleadings)
STATEMENT OF CLAIM: This is the first pleading and it initiates the machinery
of pleadings in an action. The statement of claim is filed by the Plaintiff and
served on the Defendant, stating the case that the Plaintiff intends to put up in
court. It is made of three major parts; Introductory Averments, Body and
Prayer/Relief and Damages
Sample Draft of Statement of Claim

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO:……………….
BETWEEN
AND
STATEMENT OF CLAIM
1. The Claimant is a limited liability company registered in Nigeria, which deals

in rendering catering services and supply of general goods and merchandise
with its registered/head office at No. 21, Street, Victoria Island, Lagos.
2. The Claimant is also a registered contractor with the Defendant.
3. The Defendant is a limited liability company registered in Nigeria, which deals
in supply of general goods and merchandise with its registered/head office at
No. 2, Allen Avenue, Ikoyi, Lagos.
4. The Claimant avers that a valid partnership contract was made between the
Claimant and the Defendant on the 2nd day of January, 2019 which is still
subsisting. The said partnership contract dated 2nd Day of January, 2019 is
hereby pleaded and will be relied upon at the trial.
5. The Claimant avers that the purpose of the contract is to perform a catering
service to the Students Representative Council of the Nigerian Law School
across the six campuses for which the 20(twenty) vehicles were purchased in
the partnership‘s name. The receipt of purchase of the 20(twenty) vehicles
dated 3/2/2019 is hereby pleaded and will be relied upon at the trial.
Page 76 of 193
6. The Claimant avers that both parties performed the contract and
subsequently, the sum of N3, 470, 000 (Three million four hundred and
seventeen thousand naira) accrued. The Receipts of the said sum is hereby
pleaded and will be relied upon at the trial.
7. The Claimant avers that in April, September and December 2020, several
letters of demand were written to the Defendant for the share of the proceeds
of the contract and the 20 vehicles. The letters of demand are hereby
pleaded and will be relied upon at the trial.
8. The Claimant avers that the Defendant refused to respond to any of the
letters and instead purported to convert the 20 vehicles to its sole use and as
such breached the terms of the partnership contract between the parties.
9. The Claimant avers that by reason of the matters stated above, the Claimant
suffered loss and damages.
10. THE CLAIMANT CLAIMS AS FOLLOWS:
(a) A DECLARATION that the contract between the parties is still subsisting;
(b) CLAIM FOR SHARE of the sum of N3, 470, 000 (three million four
hundred and seventeen thousand naira) being the proceed of the contract
between the parties in equal proportion of N1,735, 000; and
(c) AN ORDER FOR THE SHARING OF THE 20 VEHICLES between the
parties in equal proportion of 10 vehicles to each of the parties.
______________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
No. 1 Akins way, Victoria Island Lagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 77 of 193
List of Witnesses

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
LIST OF WITNESSES
1. Nwibo Nelson of No. 1 Benakol Street, Victoria Island, Lagos

2. Deborah Gift Gideon of No. 5 Abacha Street, Victoria Island Lagos
Dated this 4th day of January 2020.
______________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 78 of 193
Evidence to Rely Upon

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
EVIDENCE TO RELY UPON
TAKE NOTICE that the Claimant shall, during trial, rely on the following
evidence:
1. Partnership Agreement between the parties;

2. Receipt of purchase of the 20 (twenty) vehicles;
3. Receipt of the sum of N3, 470, 000 (three million four hundred and seventeen
thousand naira) being proceeds of the contract written in favour of the
partnership venture;
4. Letters of demand of money written by the claimant;
______________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
No. 1 Akins way, Victoria Island Lagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 79 of 193
Claimant’s Witness Statement on Oath

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
WITNESS STATEMENT ON OATH OF TOBI DAFE

I, Nwibo Nelson, Adult, male, Christian, a Director and Nigeria citizen of No. 1
Benakol Street, Victoria Island, Lagos do make oath and state as follows:
1. I am a director in the Claimant Company by virtue of which I am conversant
with facts of this suit.
2. I have the authority of the Claimant to make this statement on oath.
3. The Claimant entered into a valid partnership contract with the defendant
between January, 2019 and January 2020.
4. The contract was evidenced in writing in compliance and is hereby pleaded.
5. The purpose of the contract is to perform a catering service to the Students
Representative Council of the Nigerian Law School across the six campuses
for which the 20(twenty) vehicles were purchased in the partnership‘s name.
6. The contract was performed by both parties and subsequently the sum of N3,
470, 000 (three million four hundred and seventeen thousand naira) accrued.
7. The Claimant wrote several letters of demand to the Defendant for the share
of the proceeds of the contract and the 20 vehicles.
8. The Defendant refused to respond to any of the letters and instead purported
to convert the 20 vehicles to its sole use and as such breached the terms of
the partnership contract between the parties.
9. The Claimant has suffered loss and damages as a result of the facts stated
above.
10. I make this statement conscientiously and in good faith according to the Oath
Act.
__________________
Witness
Page 80 of 193
Sworn to at the High Court Registry, Lagos
This 4th day of December, 2020
Before me
………………………………………………
Commissioner for Oaths
Pre-Action Protocol Form 01

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
STATEMENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH PRE-ACTION PROTOCOL

I, Eyeke Kenneth, Claimant’s legal practitioner, make oath and state as follows:
4. I have complied with the directions of the Pre-action Protocol as set out in
Order 1 Rule 1(4) (ii) (e) of the High Court Rules.
5. I have made attempts to have this matter settled out of Court with the
Defendant and such attempts were unsuccessful. Such attempts include:
(d) Negotiation held on the 2nd day of December 2020, which ended in a
deadlock.
(e) Attempts to reconvene another meeting to try to negotiate, which was
never successful.
(f) Mediation organized and headed by Dr James Agaba, which also ended in
a deadlock.
Page 81 of 193
6. I have by a Written Memorandum to the Defendant, set out the Claimant’s

claim and options of settlement.
Dated at Lagos this 4th day of December, 2020
BEFORE ME
____________________________________
Accompanying Documents for the Defence
STATEMENT OF DEFENCE; This is the pleading filed by the Defendant in

response to the allegations of fact in the Plaintiff’s statement of claim. The
defendant can respond to the statement of claim by:
1. Admission
2. Traverse/denial
3. Objection on point of law
4. Set-Off
5. Counterclaim
Statement of Defence

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
STATEMENT OF DEFENCE
SAVE AND EXCEPT as is expressly admitted, the Defendant denies each and
every allegation of fact contained in the statement of claim as if same is herein
set out and traversed seriatim —
1. The Defendant admits paragraph 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 of the Statement of
Claim.
Page 82 of 193
2. The Defendant denies paragraph 8 and 9 of the Statement of Claim.

3. The Defendant states in response to paragraph 8 and 9 of the Statement of
Claim that the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million and Seven and thirty Five
Thousand Naira only) was paid into the Access Bank Account of the Claimant
on the 7th day of November, 2020 as his share of the proceeds from the
contract. A copy of the bank draft is hereby pleaded.
4. The Defendant further states in response to paragraph 8 and 9 of the
Statement of Claim that 10 vehicles were given to the Claimant on the 7 th day
of November, 2020 as his share of the vehicles purchased in the partnership
name.
5. The Defendant avers that the Claimant acknowledged receipt of the sum of
N1, 735, 000 as its share of the proceeds and the ten vehicles. The letter of
acknowledgement is hereby pleaded.
6. The Defendant avers that no letters of demand were forwarded to the
Defendant by the Claimant in April, September and December 2020 or any
other date.
7. The Defendant avers that he does not owe the Claimant the sum of N1, 735,
000.00 (One million and Seven and thirty Five Thousand Naira only) or any
amount whatsoever.
8. The Defendant avers that he does not owe the Claimant 10 vehicles obtained
in the partnership name or any other vehicle whatsoever.
9. The Defendant avers that the court lacks the jurisdiction to entertain this suit
as the Claimant did not exhaust the provision for Conciliation first before
resulting to Litigation which is a condition precedent before commencing this
suit as provided in the partnership agreement.
10. The defendant states that it is not liable for the claims of the Claimant and
prays the court to dismiss the suit as being frivolous and baseless and for
want of jurisdiction.
…………………………
UGWU DOMINIC
DOMINIC& CO.
DEFENDANT‘S SOLICITORS
NO. 10 AKINSWAY,
VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS.
Page 83 of 193
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
C/O EYEKE KENNETH ESQ.
EYEKE KENNETH & CO.
CLAIMANT‘S SOLICITORS
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,
VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS
List of Witnesses for the Defence

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
LIST OF WITNESSES FOR THE DEFENCE

1. Mary W. Allagoa
2. Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa (on Subpoena)
3. Joshua Chukwu (on Subpoena)
…………………………
UGWU DOMINIC
DOMINIC & CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY, LAGOS.
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,
Page 84 of 193
Evidence to Rely Upon

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
EVIDENCE TO RELY UPON
1. Bank draft of the payment of the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million and
Seven and thirty Five Thousand Naira only) to the Claimant’s Access bank
account number 000012345.
2. Letter of acknowledgment of receipt of the sum of N1, 735, 000 and 10
vehicles by the Claimant.
Dated this 4th day of December 2020.
………………………
UGWU DOMINIC ESQ
DOMINIC& CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY,
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,
Page 85 of 193
Defendant’s Witness Statement on Oath

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
WITNESS STATEMENT ON OATH OF NAFISA YA’U YUNUSA

I, Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa, Female, Accountant, Nigerian Citizen residing at No. 12,
Tolulope Olaide Street, Ikeja, Lagos, do hereby make oath and state as follows:
1. I am the Accountant of the Defendant Company by virtue of which I am
conversant with the facts of this case.
2. The Defendant Company entered into a partnership agreement with the
Claimant between January 2019 and January, 2020.
3. The purpose of the contract is to perform a catering service to the Students
Representative Council of the Nigerian Law School across the six campuses
for which the 20(twenty) vehicles were purchased in the partnership‘s name..
4. The contract was performed by both parties and subsequently the sum of N3,
470, 000 (three million four hundred and seventeen thousand naira) accrued.
5. On the 7th day of November, 2020 I, on the authority of the board of directors
paid in the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million and Seven Hundred thirty
Five Thousand Naira only) into the Access bank account provided by the
claimant to the company to serve as his share of the profit.
6. Upon confirming the account number and payment was effected, I was
issued a bank teller.
7. The bank teller was served on the Claimant by the company secretary.
8. On the 7th day of November, 2020, on the authority of the board of directors,
10 vehicles were given to the Claimant as its share of the 20 vehicles
purchased in the partnership name.
9. A letter of acknowledgement of receipt of the N1, 735, 000.00 (One million
and Seven Hundred thirty Five Thousand Naira only) and the 10 vehicles was
sent to the Defendant by the Claimant.
Page 86 of 193
…………………………
Witness
Dated this 4th Day of December, 2020.
BEFORE ME
…………………………………………………….
ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
1. A counsel should disclose all facts even if the facts are against his client –
Rule 15(3) (e) RPC.
2. A counsel should not plead false facts
3. A counsel should not file frivolous pleadings
4. A counsel should take full responsibility for his brief.
5. A counsel should draft the pleadings competently and in accordance to his
clients instruction
6. A counsel should not sign a pleading prepared by a none lawyer
A counsel should affix his seal and stamp on the pleadings – Rule 10 RPC
WEEK 9 ASSIGNMENT ON PLEADINGS
Dr. Moshood Tantan of 5, Ojota Lane, Surulere, Lagos bought a piece of land
from Chief Warinpa of 22, Edepie Street, Ikoyi, Lagos on 22 January 2018 for
which he paid fully, and erected a fence on two sides of the property. He had a
Deed of Assignment, duly perfected by him and having registration number
55/55/2018F, in respect of the transaction. But he did not do anything more. The
Page 87 of 193
property is located at 11, Ikorodu Road, Ikeja, Lagos. Dr MoshoodTantan was

however informed on 07/03/2020 by his boys that one Mr Sam Abroko of 41,
Ikorodu Road, Palmgroove, near Ikeja, Lagos had started depositing some
building materials preparatory to commencing a building project on the same
land. When the boys approached Mr Abroko, Mr Abroko said he had bought the
land from Chief Warinpa in June 2019. Dr Tantan`s boys could not stop Mr
Abroko because Mr Abroko stationed stern-looking touts who were ready to deal
with anyone who tried to stop them. Dr Tantan is aggrieved and has decided to
file an action to protect his property. Dr Tantanhas approached you to
commence an action immediately.
(a) As Counsel to Dr Tantan, answer the following questions:
(i) Draft the statement of claim, ready for filing.

(ii) List out matters that the statement of claim should and should not contain,
mention the documents you are required to file alongside the statement of claim,
and identify the effect of failure to file all the documents in court, at the same
time.
(iii) List out facts that you must specifically plead in the statement of claim, and
highlight the effect of failure to specifically plead such facts.
(iv) How and when is Dr Tantan expected to respond to the statement of defence (if
any)?
(b)Assuming you were Counsel to Mr Abroko, answer the following questions:

(i) Assuming Mr Abroko intends to defend this suit, state the time within which Mr
Abroko is required to file his statement of defence, and identify the effect of
failure to file the same within time. Is there any remedy for Mr Abrokoif he fails to
file his/her statement of defence within time?
(ii) Draft the statement of defence up to the first paragraph. Highlight the role and
legal effect of the first paragraph of the statement of defence.
(iii) Assuming Mr Abroko has a counter-claim, how and within what time is he
expected to file same in the court, and by what document is Dr Tantan expected
to respond?
(iv) Identify the differences between a Counter-Claim and a Set-off in civil
proceedings.
(v) With the aid of legal authorities, discuss the legal effect of the statement of
defence in this suit being signed as follows:
Page 88 of 193
-----------------------------
Musa JideAgu & Co
Legal Practitioners for the Defendant
Address:
Phone Number:
Email:
Or
------------------------
Managing Partner,
Musa JideAgu & Co
Legal Practitioners for the Defendant
Address:
Phone Number:
Email:
(c) Assuming that as the trial was about to commence, DrTantan drew his Counsel`s
attention to the fact that, he had (immediately after perfection of the Deed of
Assignment) commenced processing his Certificate of Statutory Right of
Occupancy in respect of the property, and indeed he furnished the counsel with
documents to testify to this fact,
(i) what step should the counsel take in order to reflect this fact/development in the
suit already before the court and within what time is the counsel expected to take
this step;
(ii) State the documents the counsel would need to file in court for this purpose; and
identify the factors the court ought to consider in deciding whether or not to
permit such step.
(iii) Identify the different types of pleadings, and enumerate the role of pleadings in
civil proceedings.
(iv) List any ten duties Dr. Tantan`s counsel owes Dr Tantan, three duties he/she
owes Mr Abroko, five duties he/she owes the court, and any three duties he/she
owes the opposing counsel in this case.
Page 89 of 193
Week 10
PRE-TRIAL ISSUES AND PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS
When pleadings are closed, parties may, before trial begins, make one of several
applications to court or undertake proceedings which should be properly settled
before trial. Sometimes, such applications or proceedings may lead to
termination of the suit even before trial commences. Such applications and or
proceedings include striking out pleadings, discovery and interrogatories, case
management or pre-trial conference, settlement of issues, consolidation and
setting down the matter for hearing.
DRAFT OF SAMPLE APPLICATIONS FOR IN PRE-TRIAL PROCEEDINGS
STRIKING OUT PLEADINGS: Instances for Striking Out Pleadings – Order 15

Rule 16 & 18 Abuja & Order 17 Rule 15 Lagos
i. Non-Disclosure of Reasonable Cause of Action
ii. Non-Disclosure of Reasonable Defence to the Action
iii. Frivolous, Vexatious, Embarrassing or Scandalous Pleading
iv. Abuse of Court Process
Application for Striking Out a Suit

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: HC/LG/020/006
MOTION NO…….…….
BETWEEN
AND
MOTION ON NOTICE
Page 90 of 193

LAGOS STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES, 2019 AND UNDER THE
INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court may be moved on the 6 th day of
December, 2020 in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as Counsel to Applicant
will be heard praying this Honourable Court for the following order:
1. AN ORDER STRIKING OUT THE SUIT OF THE CLAIMANT;

2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER OR OTHER ORDERS as the Honourable Court
AND TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the grounds for the objection are as follows:
1. Failure to first submit the matter to conciliation as agree in clause 2 of the
partnership agreement between the parties.
2. Commencing it in the wrong judicial division.
………………………
UGWU DOMINIC ESQ
DOMINIC& CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY,
VICTORIA ISLAND,
LAGOS.
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,
Page 91 of 193
Affidavit in Support of Motion on Notice for Striking Out

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO….……….
BETWEEN
AND
I, Mary W. Allagoa, female, Christain, Nigerian citizen, Managing Director of No.

65, Agric Oke-Aro, Ikorodu, Lagos, do hereby make oath and state as follows:
1. I am the Managing Director of the Defendant/Applicant Company by virtue of
which I am conversant with the facts of this suit.
2. The Defendant/Applicant had since been served with the Originating
Processes in this proceedings.
3. The Defendant/Applicant has reacted to the said processes by filing its
statement of defence together with all other relevant documents, all of which
have been served on the Claimant/Respondent.
4. The Claimant/Respondent instituted this action without first having recourse
to conciliation as agreed by the parties in clause 2 of the partnership
agreement between the parties.
5. The Claimant/Respondent instituted this action in the wrong judicial division
(Ikeja) as the contract between the parties was agreed to be performed and
actually performed in Ikoyi as stated in clause 5 of the partnership
agreement. The partnership agreement is hereby attached as Exhibit A1.
6. I make this affidavit in good faith believing the contents to be true and correct
and in accordance with the Oaths Act.
Page 92 of 193
………………………………….
DEPONENT
This 4th day of December, 2020
Before me
……………………………………………….
Written Address in Support of Motion for Striking Out a Suit

HOLDEN AT IKEJA

BETWEEN
AND
WRITTEN ADDRESS IN SUPPORT OF MOTION
INTRODUCTION
Before this Honourable is a motion on notice dated and filed on the 4 th day of
December, 2020. The Application is brought pursuant to Order 4 Rule 1 of the
Rules of this Honourable Court and under the inherent jurisdiction of this
Honourable Court seeking the Order of this Honourable Court striking out the suit
of the Claimant/Respondent herein constituted for failure to first resort to
Page 93 of 193
conciliation and institution of the suit in a wrong judicial division. The application
is supported by a 6 paragraph affidavit deposed to by Mrs Mary W. Allagoa. We
shall rely on all the paragraphs of the said affidavit especially paragraphs 3-5.
BRIEF STATEMENT OF FACTS

The Claimant filed a suit in court against the Defendant without first resorting to
conciliation as agreed by the parties in clause 2 of the partnership agreement
between them. The Claimant also filed the suit in the wrong judicial division, Ikeja
Judicial Division.
ISSUE FOR DETERMINATION

My Lord, the sole issue for determination is whether the Defendant/Applicant is
entitle to an order of this Honourable Court striking out the suit of the
Claimant/Respondent.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
There are condition precedents which are to be met before the commencement
of an action. Such conditions must be fulfilled by claimant and his counsel before
commencing an action. See Okolo v Union Bank of Nigeria. In this instance,
the Claimant/Respondent failed to fulfill the condition precedent of submitting the
matter to conciliation as agreed by the parties in clause two of their partnership
agreement. My Lord, a close perusal at clause 2 of the partnership agreement
shows that where dispute arises between the parties in respect to the
partnership, parties shall first resort to conciliation before litigation. However, the
Claimant/Respondent went straight to court to institute proceedings in court by
virtue of which has made this suit unripe for hearing i.e. the court is seized of
jurisdiction to entertain the matter until such has been submitted to conciliation.
Where condition precedents are not fulfilled, the court will have no jurisdiction to
entertain the matter.
It is equally trite my Lord, that by virtue of Order 4 Rule 1 of this court, actions are
to be commenced in the appropriate judicial division. It is also a trite rule of law
that the court that has jurisdiction to entertain matters arising from breach of
contract are court situated in the place where the contract was intended to be
performed or where the contract was performed. In this instance, under clause 5
of the partnership agreement, the contract was to be performed and was actually
performed in Ikoyi and not Ikeja. Thus, the appropriate judicial division to
entertain this suit is the court sitting in Ikoyi.
Page 94 of 193
In the case of Madukolo v. Nkemdilim and Odofin v. Agu, the court held that,
issue of jurisdiction is a threshold issue that goes into the root of the matter, no
matter how well the matter was conducted it goes to no issue and liable to be set
aside on appeal. The appropriate order to make when the court lacks jurisdiction
is to strike out the matter.
CONCLUSION
We therefore urge the Court to grant the application by making an order to strike
out the suit of the Claimant.
………………………
UGWU DOMINIC ESQ
DOMINIC& CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY,
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,

1. Okolo v. Union Bank of Nigeria (1996) 7 NWLR (Pt 461) 833.
2. Nkemdilim v. Madukolo
3. Odofin v. Agu
Page 95 of 193
Motion on Notice for Striking Out of Pleadings

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
MOTION ON NOTICE
LAGOS STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 AND UNDER THE
INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court will be moved on the 6 th day of
December, 2020 at the Hour of 9 ‘O’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter
as Counsel on behalf of the Applicant may be heard praying the court for the
following:
1. AN ORDER striking out the Claimant/Respondent’s Statement of Claim for
the non-disclosure of a reasonable cause of action.
2. AND FOR FURTHER ORDER(S) this Court may deem fit to make in the
circumstances.
………………………
UGWU DOMINIC ESQ
DOMINIC& CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY, LAGOS.
FOR SERVICE ON:
Page 96 of 193
CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
Motion on Notice for Leave to Issue Notice to Produce Document
IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY ABUJA

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT NO: HC/ABJ/020/006
MOTION NO: ………….....
BETWEEN
MR EVBUOMAN EDWARD………………………………CLAIMANT/APPLICANT
AND
CASSY BLACK NIGERIA PLC……………………DEFENDANT/ RESPONDENT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 28 RULE 8(1) OF THE HIGH COURT OF
THE FCT ABUJA (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2018 AND UNDER THE
INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS COURT
December, 2020 at the Hour of 9 ’O’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter
as Counsel on behalf of the Plaintiff /Applicant can be heard praying for:
1. AN ORDER granting leave to the Claimant/Applicant to file a Notice to
Produce documents on the Defendant/Respondent.
2. AN ORDER directing the Defendant/Respondent to produce the following
documents for inspection to wit:
(a) Notice of Supply of substandard goods dated the 1st day of June 2020
(b) Agreement on supply of 500 Tons of Plasma Television
3. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDER(S) this Court may deem fit to make in
the circumstances.
Dated the 6th day of December, 2020

…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ.
S. K. EYEKE& CO.
NO.10 AKINSWAY,
Page 97 of 193

FOR SERVICE ON:
DEFENDANT
Interrogatories (Form 19) Lagos

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
INTERROGATORIES
Interrogatories on behalf of the above named Claimant for examination of Mr.
Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa, Accountant of the above named Defendant.
1. Did you not deposit the sum of N3, 470,000.00 on the 30th day of November,
2020 in a Current Account No 0023459379 with Zenith Bank Nig. Plc in an
understanding that such sum would be made out in favour of the Defendant?
2. Did you not register 20 Toyota Hilux trucks on the 1 st day of March 2020 on
the understanding that it be used to further the business partnership with the
Claimant/
3. Are you not aware that failure of the Defendant to honour the terms of the
Partnership Agreement as at when due would affect the Claimant's liquidity
adversely and as to the survival of the Claimant’s business?
…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
No. 1 Akins way, Victoria Island
Lagos
Page 98 of 193
FOR SERVICE ON:

Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Answer to Interrogatories (Form 20) Lagos

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
ANSWERS TO INTERROGATORIES
The answers of the above named Defendant, S & E NIGERIA LIMITED, to the
Interrogatories for his examination by the above named claimant.
In answer to the said Interrogatories, I Mr.Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa make Oath and
State as follows:
1. Yes
2. Yes
3. No, not to my knowledge
I, the above named Mr Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa, do hereby solemnly swear that this
is my name and handwriting and that the facts deposed by me in this affidavit are
the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth.
_____________________
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court Registry,
BEFORE ME
____________________________
Page 99 of 193
COMMISIONER FOR OATHS
Application for Discovery of Documents Order 26 Rule 8(1) Lagos
EYEKE KENNETH & CO

LEGAL PRACTITIONERS AND SOLICITORS
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD, VICTORIA ISLAND, LAGOS
Eyekekennethsamuel@gmail.com 08102959631
Our Ref:…………………………………………….Your Ref………………
6th day of December, 2020
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Dominic & Co
Defendant Solicitor
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane
Lagos
Dear Sir,
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD V. S & E NIGERIA LTD
SUIT NO: HC/LG/O20/006
REQUEST FOR PRODUCTION OF DOCUMENTS
We write on behalf of Ayorinde Nigeria Limited, our client, in the above matter
pending before the High Court of Lagos State.
Pursuant to Order 29 Rule 6 of the Lagos State High Court (Civil Procedure)
Rules 2019, we request your client to make discovery of the following documents
which are within its possession:
1. The Bank Statement from 1st March 2020 to 1st January 2021 of Zenith Bank
Nig. Plc Current A/C No: 0023459379, A/c Name: S and E Nigeria Limited
within the possession of your client.
2. The particulars of 20 vehicles (Toyota Hilux trucks 2017 model) jointly
purchased by our client and yours and which have been in your client's
possession.
3. Any other documents that are or have been in your possession, custody,
power or control relating to the matter in question.
Thanks for your corporation as we expect your early response.
Page 100 of 193

____________________
Eyeke Kenneth Esq.
FOR: S. K. EYEKE& Co
Affidavit in Answer to Request for Discovery of Documents - Form 21

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
AFFIDAVIT IN ANSWER TO REQUEST FOR DISCOVERY OF DOCUMENTS

1. I am the Accountant of the Defendant in this action by virtue of which I am
conversant with the facts of this case.
2. I have the consent and the authority of the Defendant to depose to this
affidavit.
3. The Defendant is in possession of the bank statement to Zenith Bank Nig. Plc
Current A/C No: 0023459379, A/c Name: S and E Nigeria Limited. A copy of
the said bank statement is attached to this affidavit and marked "Exhibit A".
4. The Defendant is in possession of the particulars of the 20 Toyota Hilux
trucks 2017 model. Copies of the particulars all of the cars are hereby
attached to this affidavit and marked "Exhibits B1-B20" respectively.
5. I do not know of any other documents within the possession of the defendant
which are relevant to this case.
6. I make this oath in good faith believing same to be true and correct and in
accordance with the Oaths Law.
___________________________
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court Registry,

Page 101 of 193

BEFORE ME
____________________________
COMMISIONER FOR OATHS
Case Management Information Sheet – Order 27 Rule 1 Lagos (Form 18)

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
CASE MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SHEET

This Case Management Information Sheet is intended to include references to all
applications which the parties would wish to make at the Case Management
Conference. Application not covered by the standard questions raised in this
Case Management Information Sheet be entered under item 12 below:
All parties shall not later than 7 days before the first Case Management
Conference, file and serve on all parties:
(a) All applications in respect of matters to be dealt with before trial including
but not limited to the matters listed hereunder;
(b) Written answers to the questions contained in this Case Management
Information Sheet.
1. Do you require that this action be consolidated with any other action(s)? If so
give Particulars.
2. Are amendments to any originating or other processes required?
3. Are further and better particulars of any pleadings required? If so, specifically
what particulars are required?
4. Do you object to Interrogatories that may have been delivered pursuant to
Order 29 Rule 1 of the High Court (Civil Procedure) Rules? If so, state the
grounds of such compliance with Order 29 Rule 1.
5. Do you object to any document in respect of which a request for discovery
has been made pursuant to Order 29 Rule 8(1) of the High Court (Civil
Page 102 of 193

Procedure) Rules? If so, state the grounds of such objection in compliance

with Order 29 Rule 1 of the Rules.
6. If you intend to make any further admission give details.
7. Will interpreters be required for any witness? If so state in what language.
8. Is this a case in which the use of a single or joint expert might be suitable? If
not, state reasons.
9. Is there any way the Court can assist the parties to resolve their dispute or
particular issues in it without the need for trial or full trial?
10. Have you considered some form of Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR)
procedure to resolve or narrow the dispute or particular issue in it? If yes,
state the steps that have been taken? If not, state reasons.
11. State any question or questions of law arising in your case, if any, which you
require to be stated in the form of a special case for the opinion of the judge
in accordance with Order 31 of the rules.
12. List the applications you wish to make at the Case Management Conference.

………………………
UGWU DOMINIC ESQ
DOMINIC& CO.
NO. 1 BENAKOL ROAD,
FOR SERVICE ON:

CLAIMANT
EYEKE KENNETH& CO.
NO. 10 AKINSWAY,
NB:
Note that parties shall file their issues for determination along with this Form.
Page 103 of 193

Answers to Questions Contained in Case Management Information Sheet

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONTAINED IN CASE MANAGEMENT

INFORMATION SHEET
1. No consolidation required.
2. No amendment required.
3. No further and better particulars of pleadings required.
4. Interrogatories have been served and answered in accordance with the rules.
Also there is no objection.
5. There was a request for documents and defendant has duly complied.
Therefore, there is no objection.
6. No admission.
7. No interpreters required.
8. No expert witness required.
9. The Court may intervene by advising the Defendant to pay the amount
claimed, that is the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million,Seven hundred
million and Thirty Five Thousand Naira only). On its part, the Claimant is
willing to make a concession by forgoing the interest that has accumulated on
the said sum, but however insists on an equal division between the parties, of
the 20 vehicles jointly purchased by the parties.
10. No Alternative Dispute Mechanism required.
11. No question requiring special case for the opinion of the Judge.
12. Motion for interlocutory Injunction restraining the defendant from the use of
20 vehicles pending the determination of this suit.
Page 104 of 193


…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
.
Report of the Case Management Conference
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
REPORT OF THE CASE MANAGEMENT CONFERENCE

1. The Case Management Conference began on the 2nd day of November, 2020
at the High Court of Lagos State. Parties had exchanged pleadings an
pleadings closed on the 4th day of December, 2020.
2. The Claimant's action is in respect of the contract and partnership agreement
entered into between the parties in 2020. The Claimant claimed as follows:
(a) The Sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million,Seven hundred million and
Thirty Five Thousand Naira only) as proceeds of various contracts
executed by the parties between January 2019 and December 2020.
(b) Equal division of 20 Toyota Hilux Trucks jointly bought by the parties
pursuant to the partnership agreement.
(c) A declaration that the Partnership Agreement between the parties is valid
and subsisting.
Page 105 of 193

3. The Defendant denied liability. It denied being indebted to the claimant in any
sum and further denied that the partnership agreement was still valid and
subsisting.
4. Issues were settled as follows:
(a) Whether the claimant is entitled to the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One
million, Seven hundred million and Thirty Five Thousand Naira only)
being proceeds of the contract as claimed?
(b) Whether the Partnership Agreement was validly executed?
(c) Whether both parties are joint owners of the 20 vehicles in the
defendant's possession bought pursuant to the purported partnership
agreement?
5. The Defendant brought a preliminary objection to strike out the suit on the
grounds that the Court lacked jurisdiction but the Court overruled the
Preliminary Objection and held that the Court possessed jurisdiction because
the contract was a simple contract and the Defendant was within the
jurisdiction of the Court.
6. The Claimant filed and served Interrogatories on the Defendant and the
Defendant responded. The Claimant requested from the Defendant,
discovery of documents to with particulars of the 20 vehicles. The Defendant
responded in an affidavit attaching the document requested.
7. No facts were admitted or requested and no expert witness was sought to be
used.
8. The Claimant intends to make an application for an Interlocutory Injunction
restraining the Defendant for converting the 20 vehicles.
9. On consideration of the whole circumstances, I find that there is a matter to
be tried.
However, the precondition for instituting action in this matter, according to clause
5 of the Partnership Agreement between the parties dated the 1st day of March
2019 is that the matter first be taken to Conciliation. Thus, I hold that without an
attempt at Conciliation, the matter is premature for litigation. I therefore refer this
matter to the Lagos Multi-Door Courthouse to enable the parties to attempt
Conciliation in a bid to amicably settle this matter. The parties are to report back
to the Court on the 20th of January 2021.
The Proceedings at this Case Management Conference are therefore stayed
pending the outcome of the attempt at conciliation at the Lagos Multi-Door Court
House
_______________________________
Page 106 of 193

Hon Justice Benemone, Warefiniere Rachael

High Court Lagos.
WEEK 10 ASSIGNMENT: Pre-Trial Issues and Pre-trial Proceedings
Assignment 1
MusaShege and Lovebird Okoro have been dating for three years. In March
Lovebird paid Musa a visit at his residence in Ikoyi, Lagos and was caught up by
the Federal Government lockdown order in Lagos State. Due to the long period
they were together, Musa discovered that Lovebird is a very lazy woman. So he
ended their relationship. Lovebird sued Musa for breach of promise of marriage.
In her Statement of Claim she averred that Musa had never mentioned marriage
throughout their relationship. She also averred that Musa was a regular visitor in
her father’s house and that she also regularly visited his house, and that their
marriage was a matter of time. The parties have exchanged pleadings and
pleadings were closed on 18 May 2020.
Answer the following questions

1. What is the next step to be taken in the action? Indicate in your answer the party
to take the step, the time within which to take it and the consequences of failure
to take it.
2. State five subject matters that can be on the court’s agenda for consideration
when conducting the procedure in the step taken in (1) above.
3. Assuming you are counsel to Musa Shege, given the facts of the case, what
possible interlocutory application will you make in the course of the conduct of
the procedure in the step taken in (1) above.
4. What is the time frame for the completion of the procedure in the step taken in (1)
above? Would your answer be different if the action was commenced in Abuja?
5. What are the consequences of either of the parties failing to participate in good
faith in the step in (1) above?
Assignment 2
Topshape Fitness Center Ltd located in Wuse, Abuja had entered into a contract
with Seir Equipment Ltd for the supply of twenty (20) treadmills in December
2019. The full purchase price of N30m was paid by Topshape Fitness Center and
the goods were to be delivered on or before 28 February 2020. Seir Equipment
has failed to deliver the goods claiming that the contract was frustrated due to the
Page 107 of 193

corona virus pandemic as it was unable to clear the goods from the port as
expected. Topshape Fitness Center through its counsel Reuben Jacob has
brought an action against Seir Equipment Ltd for breach of contract claiming the
refund of the contract sum and N10 million general damages. At the pre-trial
conference, Reuben Jacob intends to get more facts from Seir Equipment Ltd as
to when the goods arrived the Nigerian port and when the clearing would have
been completed. He also will like to see the clearing documents.
Answer the following questions.

1. Describe the procedure the parties should adopt in bringing to the notice of the
court the issues they have settled for trial.
2. Assuming you are Reuben Jacob what step will you take to actualize your
intentions?
3. Draft only the process for the step taken in (2) above with regards to the intention
of getting more facts.
Page 108 of 193

WEEK 11
TRIAL PREPARATION AND EVIDENCE
The principles and rules of evidence constitute integral part of civil trial. A sound
knowledge of the principles of evidence law puts a litigation lawyer on top of his
game. A case is won or lost on the basis of availability of evidence or lack of it.
Therefore, a fair knowledge of the principles and rules of evidence is cardinal to
aspirants to the bar
It is inline with this that some of the essential principles and rules of evidence are
incorporated into civil the litigation course model. This is the focus of today’s
lesson.
FACTS WHICH NEED NOT BE PROVED
• Admitted facts. See 123 EA
• Facts that must or may be judicially noticed. See 16 - 19, 122 & 124 EA
• Facts that must or may be presumed. See 145; 157 - 168 EA
Facts which may not be admissible in evidence

• Illegally obtained evidence admissible but may be excluded by court. S 14 & 15
EA
• Character in civil cases not admissible subject to exceptions. See S.78 & 79 EA
• Similar facts not admissible but exceptions can be found in S. 35 & 36 EA
a. Hearsay not admissible subject to exceptions. See S. 37 & 38 EA
b. Estoppel including res judicata See ss 169 - 174 EA
OPINION s. 67 – 76EA
Opinion of a witness is inadmissible as evidence of a fact. Exceptions: s. 68
Where the evidence relates to: foreign law, customary law, science or art and
identification of handwriting or finger impression. Any person who is skilled in any
of the areas mentioned above is an expert s.68 (2)
Page 109 of 193

WEEK 11
ASSIGNMENT
Read the task below and answer all the questions
Janet Joyce a super star Afro music legend in Lagos State was invited by the
Law Students Association of the Lagos State University to perform at the 25th
convocation dinner ceremony scheduled for 15th March, 2019. At about 5.30 pm
on 15th March, 2019 on her way to the University, at Police road she met her old
friend Rose Moses who was also going to the convocation dinner with her 10
years old son David Moses and she gave them a ride. At about 6.00 pm, the
Police road traffic warden at Jimo Roundabout stopped the vehicle and suddenly
a Toyota Camry 2014 model driven by one Engineer Rufus, chatting with his
friend Mr Bello Musa hit her vehicle from the rear. Consequently, Janet Joyce hit
her head on the wheel and broke her tooth and her car was damaged. She was
hospitalized at Rando Medical centre along Dogie, Road Vespa Lagos where she
expended the sum of N 15000000 for treatment. She equally spent the sum of N
35000000 to repair the vehicle. Against this background, she engaged the law
firm of A.B. Smart & Co to institute an action against Engineer Rufus. Upon the
receipt of the statement of defence, A.B. Smart Esq realized that the main
defence contained in the process is contributory negligence and has decided to
prepare well for the matter coming up for hearing the following week.
He intended calling Rose Moses as one of the claimant's witnesses but was told
by the claimant that she passed on just a week ago and decided to
call David Moses instead.

1. Assuming you are A.B. Smart Esq prepare the theory of the case and a trial
plan that will guide you during the trial
2. Comment on the importance of the theory of the case and the trial plan you
prepared in 1 above
3. In not more than 8 paragraphs draft the claimant's written statement on oath.
4. Comment on the propriety or otherwise of calling David Moses as a witness in
the suit.
5. Assuming Janet Joyce invited Mr Bello Musa to
come and testify in court and he refused, briefly comment on what she can do in
the circumstance.
Page 110 of 193

Week 12 & Week 13

TRIAL – EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES
• Concept: this is the examination of a witness by the party who call him –
Section 214 Evidence Act.
• Object: to elicit from the witness material facts that have been pleaded in the
pleadings in establishment of the claim or defence.
• Proof of Facts: proof of facts shall be by written deposition and oral
examination of witnesses in open court –O. 34 R. 1(1) Abuja; O. 36 R. 1(1)
Lagos.
• Adopting Sworn Statement as Evidence in Chief: In all jurisdictions, oral
examination-in-chief of a witness is restricted to the adoption of the witness’
statement on oath; and tendering of all disputed documents or other exhibits
referred to in the statement through the witness – O. 34 R. 1(3) Abuja; O. 36
R. 1(4) Lagos. Adopting witness statement on oath avoids waste of time but
it robs counsel of perfection of the art of examination in chief.
• Leading Questions: leading questions are prohibited in examination in chief
and re-examination except with the leave of court – Section 221(2) EA.
However, leading question can be asked on introductory matters, undisputed
matters and matters that have been sufficiently proved.
• Leading a Witness to Tender a Document: where counsel wants to tender
document through the witness, he is to first of all lead the witness to adopt his
statement on oath. He will then refer the witness to the specific paragraph in
his statement on oath that makes reference to the document and ask the
witness how he can identify the document. After identification of the
document by the witness, counsel is to seek to tender the document through
the witness. Where the document is a secondary evidence proper foundation
will have to be led informing the court of the where about of the original..
• Open Questions: Open questions guide the witness along a story line but
allow him to tell his story. It is only prompted with closed questions so as to
make the witness remain on course as he tells his story. Thus, open
questions are used in examination-in-chief in preference to closed questions,
which operates best in cross-examination. Example includes questions
starting with the words “Why”, “Where”, “How”, “What”, Describe, Explain.
The advantages of open questions are:
Page 111 of 193

WEEK 12 ASSIGNMENT
Read the task below and answer all the questions Janet Joyce a super star
Afro music legend in Lagos State was invited by the Law Students
Association of the Lagos State University to perform at the 25th convocation
dinner ceremony scheduled for 15th March, 2019. At about 5.30 pm on 15th
March, 2019 on her way to the University, at Police road she met her old
friend Rose Moses who was also going to the convocation dinner with her 10
years old son David Moses and she gave them a ride. At about 6.00 pm, the
Police road traffic warden at Jimo Roundabout stopped the vehicle and
suddenly a Toyota Camry 2014 model driven by one Engineer Rufus,
chatting with his friend Mr Bello Musa hit her vehicle from the rear.
Consequently, Janet Joyce hit her head on the wheel and broke her tooth
and her car was damaged. She was hospitalized at Rando Medical centre
along Dogire, Road Vespa Lagos where she expended the sum of N150,
000.00 for treatment. She equally spent the sum of N350,000.00 to repair the
vehicle. Against this background, she engaged the law firm of A.B. Smart &
Co to institute an action against Engineer Rufus. Upon the receipt of the
statement of defence, A.B. Smart Esq realized that the main defence
contained in the process is contributory negligence and has decided to
prepare well for the matter coming up for hearing the following week. He
intended calling Rose Moses as one of the claimant’s witnesses but was told
by the claimant that she passed on just a week ago and decided to call David
Moses instead.
1. Assuming you are A.B. Smart Esq prepare the theory of the case and a
trial plan that will guide you during the trial
2. Comment on the importance of the theory of the case and the trial plan
you prepared in 1 above
3. In not more than 8 paragraphs draft the claimant’s written statement on
oath
4. Comment on the propriety or otherwise of calling David Moses as a
witness in the suit.
5. Assuming Janet Joyce invited Mr Bello Musa to come and testify in court
and he refused, briefly comment on what she can do in the circumstance.
Page 112 of 193

WEEK 13 ONLINE ASSIGNMENT
The following cross examination took place during a trial at the High Court of
Lagos State, Ikeja.
Q1. Counsel - Witness, you claimed that the car driven by the defendant was
travelling at an excessive speed, at the time of the accident, didn't you?
Witness -Yes.
Q2. Counsel- And the event took place at about 9pm in the night, , am I correct?
Witness - Yes.
Q3. Counsel- At the time, there was no street light in the area in question- am I
correct?
Witness- Yes.
Q4. Counsel - Then, how were you able to see the accident?
Witness- That was simple. The moon shone brightly, and the whole place was
well lit up. I saw everything clearly.
Q5. Counsel - You are not telling the truth. You are lying. You are a hostile
witness. I apply that you be so treated.
1. a. Was the above cross examination successful?
b. Identify 3 functions of cross examination.
c. Identify 3 techniques in cross examination..
d. Is there any of the above stated questions you would have refrained from
asking? State your reason(s).
e. Define the type of question asked in Q1- Q3
2 a. Identify other stages of examination of witnesses. State the major functions
of the stages.
b. Is any of the stages optional?
3. a. Was counsel right in the way he treated the witness in Q.5? State your
reason (s).
b. Could counsel have validly made the application in Q5? State reasons.
Page 113 of 193

Week 14
CLOSING ADDRESS AND JUDGMENT
A closing address also known as written address is a marriage of facts and law in
other to convince the court to grant or refuse to grant claims or prayers. The
written address of a counsel no matter how eloquent it is cannot substitute
evidence. Thus, the courts are not bound by the final addresses of parties as it is
only meant to guide the court in coming into a just determination of the matter.
Sample of Closing Address for the Defendant

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
DEFENDANT’S FINAL ADDRESS

1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 My Lord, the Claimant by a Writ of Summons and Statement of Claim dated
and filed on 4th December, 2020, claims against the Defendant as follows:
(d) A DECLARATION that the contract between the parties is still subsisting;
(e) CLAIM FOR SHARE of the sum of N3, 470, 000 (three million Four hundred
and seventeen thousand naira) being the proceed of the contract between
the parties in equal proportion v of N1,735, 000; and
(f) AN ORDER FOR THE SHARING OF THE 20 VEHICLES between the parties
in equal proportion of 10 vehicles to each of the parties.
2.0 BRIEF STATEMENT OF FACTS
2.1 A valid partnership contract was made between the Claimant and the
Defendant on the 1/3/2015. The purpose of the contract is to perform a catering
service to the Students Representative Council of the Nigerian Law School
Page 114 of 193

across the six campuses for which 20(twenty) vehicles were purchased in the
partnership‘s name. Both parties performed the contract and subsequently, the
sum of N3, 470, 000 (three million Four hundred and seventeen thousand naira)
accrued. The sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million Seven Hundred and Five
Thousand Naira only) was paid into the Diamond Bank Account of the Claimant
on the 7/11/2020 as its share of the proceeds from the contract. Ten (10)
vehicles were given to the Claimant on the same day as his share of the 20
vehicles purchased in the partnership name. The Claimant acknowledged receipt
of the sum of N1, 735, 000 as its share of the proceeds and the ten vehicles
through a letter. The Claimant nevertheless on no justifiable ground instituted an
action in this court for breach of contract.
2.2 My Lord, at the course of presentation of its case, the Claimant called two
witnesses and tendered 4 exhibits which all were admitted in evidence. On the
other hand, the Defendant called three witnesses out of which two were on
subpoena, and tendered 2 exhibits which were all admitted in evidence.
3.0 ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION

My Lord, from the case presented by the parties, the Defendant humbly submits
the following sole issue for determination by this honourable Court:
Whether the Claimant has reasonable cause of action as to entitle him to all the
reliefs sought.
4.0 LEGAL ARGUMENT

4.1 My Lord, we respond in negation and respectfully submit that the Claimant in
this suit has not disclosed any reasonable cause of action which can necessitate
the institution of this suit as there is no act or omission on the part of the
Defendants. We most respectfully refer your Lordship to the case of Sahinmi v.
Gov. Lagos State (2006) 10 NWLR (PT 987) 1 where the court held as follows:
― The statement of claim of a Plaintiff must disclose a cause of action, set out
the legal right of the Plaintiff and the obligation of the Defendant. It must also go
on to set out facts constituting infraction of the plaintiff‘s legal right or failure of
the Defendant to fulfill his obligation or duty in such a way that if there is no
proper defense the Plaintiff will succeed in the relief or remedy.
4.2 My Lord, on the meaning and constituents of cause of action, we respectfully

refer his Lordship to the case of Mboem v. Nigerian Mining Corp (2006) 13
NWLR (Pt 998) atPage 662, where the Court of Appeal states as follows:
Page 115 of 193

―A cause of action is a set of facts which establishes or gives rise to the right to
sue and or factual situation which gives a party right to judicial relief. The cause
of action in a suit incorporates every fact (not evidence) which will support a
party‘s right to succeed or to have judgment of the court in his favour. In a
Plaintiff‘s claim, his cause of action include every act or omission on the part of
the Defendant which gives the Plaintiff cause of his complaint.
4.3 My Lord, going by the above decision, the Claimant in this suit has no cause
of action as the facts adduced by the claimant in its statement of claim does not
in any way show any act or omission of the Defendant which might have given
right to a cause of action thereby necessitating the institution of this suit. The
facts does not in any way show that there was a breach of contract by the
Defendant.
4.4 Moreover, the Supreme Court of Nigeria in Ojukwu v. Yar’ Adua (2009)12
NWLR (Pt. 1121) at Page 75stated two elements of cause of action as follows
:Wrongful act of the Defendant which gives the Plaintiff his cause of complaint;
and the consequent damage
4.5 My Lord looking at these two elements, it is categorically clear that there is no
any wrongful act on the part of the Defendants which can lead to this action as
there was no breach of the contract or attempt to convert the 20 vehicles or
proceeds of the contract to the sole use of the Defendant.
4.6 My Lord, at the course of presentation of its case, the Defendant called DW1,
the accountant of the Defendant who testified to the effect that after complete
performance of the contract by the parties, the sum of N1, 735, 000 was
transferred to the Diamond Bank account of the Claimant on the 7/11/2020 and
10 vehicles were also transferred to the Defendant on the same day, which the
Claimant acknowledge that in writing. The said written acknowledgment was
tendered by the Defendant in evidence and was admitted.
4.7 My Lord, the Defendant also called DW2, the Secretary to the Claimant who
testified to the existence and issuance of the said acknowledgment letter by the
Claimant. DW2 also admitted during cross examination that the signature on the
said letter was hers and that of the Managing Director of the Claimant. In further
support of this position, they drew the attention of the court to the similarity of the
signature of the Managing Director on the acknowledgment letter and the
Page 116 of 193

partnership agreement. The signature is the same which shows that the letter
acknowledging the receipt of the share of the proceeds from the contract and the
vehicles actually emanated from the Claimant.
4.8 My Lord, DW3, the Bank Manager of Access Bank Plc, who was on
subpoena produced before this honourable court, a bank record of the
transaction which took place on the 7/11/2020 showing clearly that the sum of
N1,735,000 was transferred to the account of the Claimant.
4.9 My Lord, all the witnesses who testified for the Claimant did not in any way
show the specific breach of contract committed by Defendant. In fact, all the
Claimant’s witnesses were in tandem with the fact that the sum of N3.470,000.00
million naira accrued from the proceeds of the contract which evidence of such
payment was tendered in evidence by the Claimant. My Lord, this clearly shows
that the contract was completely performed by the parties, that is why the
complete payment of the fee for the services rendered have been made. One
wonders how a breach of contract was made after the contract has been
completely performed and thereby discharged.
4.10 My Lord, on the issue of complete performance of a contract, the courts in
Cutter v. Powell (1795) 6 Term Rep 320; Re Moore and Launder (1921) 2 KB
519 held that completion of a contract discharges the contract.
5.0 CONCLUSION
5.1 We hereby respectfully urge this Honourable Court to dismiss the case/suit of
the Claimant with substantial cost for being frivolous, lacking merit and being
instituted with fraudulent intention.

…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 117 of 193

Sample of Judgment
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
BETWEEN
AND
JUDGEMENT
The Claimant instituted this action by a specially endorsed writ of summons
dated the 4th December, 2020 in which the claimant claimed against the
defendants as follows:
1. A DECLARATION that the contract between the parties is still subsisting;
2. CLAIM FOR SHARE of the sum of N3, 470, 000 (three million four hundred
and seventeen thousand naira) being the proceed of the contract between
the parties in equal proportion v of N1, 735, 000; and
3. AN ORDER FOR THE SHARING OF THE 20 VEHICLES between the parties
in equal proportion of 10 vehicles to each of the parties.
At the beginning of the trial, counsel on both sides announced appearance. The
Claimant opened its case by calling two witnesses who testified on the existence
of a partnership agreement and contract between the Claimant and the
Defendant and the attempt of the Defendant to convert the 20 vehicles of the
partnership to its sole use. The Claimant also tendered four exhibits which all
were admitted and marked Exhibit C1, C2, C3 and C4 respectively. The
Defendant on the other hand called 3 witnesses who testified on how the contract
was completely performed between the parties and how the how the proceeds of
the contract was shared between the parties. The Defendant also tendered two
exhibits which were all admitted in evidence and marked as Exhibit D1 and D2. I
have considered the testimonies of the witnesses called by the parties and the
exhibits tendered by them. I have also considered the submissions of counsel on
both sides and it is my respectful opinion that two issues call for determination in
this matter:
1. Whether there was a contract between the parties
2. Whether there was a breach by the defendant.
Page 118 of 193

On the 1st issue, I am of the opinion that there was a valid contract and
partnership agreement between the parties executed in accordance to the
Contract Law of Lagos State and Partnership Law of Lagos State respectively.
Exhibit C1 clearly bears this position out especially as the defendant did not
seriously join issue on this point. The court in the case of Carlill v. Carbolic
Smoke Ball Co (1893) 1 QB 256 the court defined contract as an agreement
between two or more parties which the law will enforce and recognize as
affecting the legal right and duties of the parties. For a contract to be valid, there
must be offer, acceptance, consideration and intention to create legal relations
which in my view all these essential elements are present in the contract
between the parties. Thus, the court resolves this issue in affirmation that there
was a valid contract between the Claimant and the Defendant as both parties are
in consensus about the existence of the contract.
On the 2nd issue, I hold that there was no breach of contract by the defendant.
This is because the position of the law as can be seen from a long line of cases
is that whoever comes to equity must come with clean hands. The claimant
having received its share of the proceeds from the contract performed by the
parties and the 10 vehicles out of the 20 vehicles purchased in the partnership
name cannot subsequently complain that there was breach of contract. This is to
show that complete and actual performance of the contract has been made
which there by renders the contract as discharged.
The Claimant through CW1 averred that the Defendant is attempting to convert
the 20 vehicles to its sole use. However, the Claimant has not adduced any
evidence prove of that allegation. The Claimant went further to tender the
receipts of the vehicles which was admitted in evidence. This in turn has left the
court in doubt as to how the Claimant came into possession of the receipts of the
vehicles without being in control of vehicles itself.
On the case presented by both parties and the evidence adduced in support of
their case, the court has come to an irresistible conclusion that there was no
breach of contract by the Defendant and the Claimant has no reasonable cause
of action against the Defendant. On the whole, I dismiss the claimant‘s claims in
their entirety. I further order that both parties are to bear their respective costs.
This 4th day of January, 2021.

______________________
Aniekan Udo-Okon Emmanuel
Judge
Page 119 of 193

WEEK 14 ASSIGNMENT ON FINAL ADDRESS AND JUDGEMENT
1. Where the defendant decides to rest his case on that of the claimant/ plaintiff
who addresses the court first.
2 Would your answer be different, if the defendant calls no witness but reads
evidence through plaintiff/claimant's witness
3. Would your answer be different from 2 above if apart from the documents
tendered by consent the defendant calls no witness. The suit between Council of
Legal Education and Access Computers Ltd came to an end as the parties
already filed, exchanged and adopted their final addresses and Justice S.B Oke
of Lagos State High Court adjourned the matter to 15th June, 2020 for
judgement. On the date fixed for judgment, all parties and their counsel were in
court. Hon. Justice Oke sat around 9.00am as usual, and started delivering his
judgement. But later, he asked all counsel to pick pen and paper to write what he
would be dictating as part of the judgement because he said he couldn't write the
last part because his ink finished and wouldn't like to sit late. Although counsel
started taking down what he was dictating to them, midway, he also said the
counsel should delivering the judgement next week from where he stopped
4. Was Justice Oke right when he dictated part of his judgement because his ink
finished? Support your answer with authorities
5. Was Justice Oke right when he excused himself that he would continue to
deliver his judgement next week? State your reasons
6. State the features of a good judgement
7. When will a judgement of a justice of an appellate court be read and when will
it be pronounced?
Model Answer on Closing Address and Final Judgment Assignment

1. Where a defendant decides to rest his case on that of a claimant, the claimant
will address the court first. When a defendant rest his case on the claimant’s
case, he is simply saying that the claimant has failed to make out a premafacie
case to call the defendant to answer by calling evidence or has a complete
defence in law. In the circumstance, the claimant will address the court first
since the defendant did not adduced evidence. Tariola v Williams (1982) 7 SC
27; Akanbi v Alao (1989) NWLR (Pt.108) 118; Order 32 Rule 14-17 and 33 Rule
13-16 Abuja and Lagos Rules respectively.
Page 120 of 193

2. The answer will be different, since the defendant read evidence through the
claimant’s witness. The reading of evidence in the circumstance simply means
that the defendant elicited evidence via cross-examination and therefore will
address the court first.
3. The answer will not be different from 2 above since the defendant tendered
document by consent. It amounts to giving evidence, thus the defendant will
address the court first.
4. Justice Oke was not right when he dictated part of his judgment because his ink
finished. Such action amounts to the delivery of judgment orally which is
unconstitutional. Section 294 (1) of the 1999 Constitution as amended; Ifezue v
Mbadugha (1984) 5 SC 79
5. Justice Oke was wrong when he excused himself that he would continue to
deliver judgment next week, as it will amount to delivery of judgment by
piecemeal. A court cannot deliver judgment by piecemeal. CBN v Beckiti
Constructions Limited (2004)14 NWLR (Pt.893) 293
6. Features of a good judgment –
a. Delivery of the Judgment in writing. Section 294 (1) of the1999 Constitution as
amended
b. Delivery of judgment within time. Section 294 (1) of the 1999 Constitution as
amended
c. Delivery of judgment in open court. Section 36 (1) (3) of the 1999 Constitution as
amended; Order 39 Rule 1 and 35 Rule 1 Abuja and Lagos Rules respectively.
d. Proper evaluation of the case. Mogaji&Ors v Odofin&ors (1978)3 SC 91
e. Confinement of judgment to issues raised and the claims sought.
Ekpenyong&Ors v Nyong&Ors (1975) 2v SC 71
7. The opinion of a Justice of an appellate court will be read when the Justice is still
serving in the court, while it will be pronounced when the Justice, ceased to be a
Justice of the court by reasons of death, retirement, dismissal. elevation etc. AG
(Imo) v AG (Rivers) (1983)8 SC 10 and 11; Shitta-Bey v AG (Fed) (1998)7 SCNJ
264
Page 121 of 193

Week 15
ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT AND APPLICATIONS PENDING
APPEAL
Enforcement of judgment refers to all the available method of enforcing

judgment. Execution of judgment is restricted to enforcement by Writs. A need to
enforce judgment only arises when the judgment debtor is unwilling or refusing to
pay the judgment sum or carry out the order of the court. Thus, when a judgment
debtor is in compliance, there will be no need for enforcement.
DRAFT SAMPLE OF APPLICATIONS
Application for Stay of Execution

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO: HC/LAG/34/019

MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
S & E NIGERIA LTD ---------------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD -------------------------------------------------RESPONDENT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 58 RULE 1 OF HIGH COURT OF LAGOS
STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 AND UNDER THE INHERENT
JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this honourable Court will be moved on the 6th day of
January, 2021 at the hour of 9 O’ Clock in the forenoon or so soon afterwards as
Page 122 of 193

the applicant or counsel on his behalf may be heard praying this honourable
Court for the following orders:
1. AN ORDER for the stay of execution of the judgment of this Honourable

Court in Suit No HC/LAG/63/14 delivered by his Lordship Aniekan Udo-Okon
Emmanuel on the 4thday of January, 2021 pending the determination of the
appeal of the Appellant/Applicant filed on the 6th day of January, 2021 at the
Registry of this honourable Court, against it at the Court of Appeal, Lagos
Division.
2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDERS as this honourable Court may deem
fit to make in the circumstances.
TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that the grounds upon which this application is
brought are:
1. The Applicant has filed a notice of appeal
2. The Applicant will be deprived of his benefit of appeal if it turns out in favour
of the Applicant.
Dated this 6th day of January, 2021.
…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 123 of 193

Affidavit In Support of Application for Stay Of Execution

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
S & E NIGERIA LTD ---------------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD -------------------------------------------------RESPONDENT
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION FOR STAY OF EXECUTION

I, Chidinma Odiari, adult, female, business woman, Christian, Nigerian Citizen
residing at No. 7 Suru Street, Ikeja, Lagos, do hereby make oath and state as
follows:
1. I am the company secretary/legal adviser to the Applicant Company and by
virtue of my position I am conversant with the facts deposed to in this
affidavit.
2. I have the consent and authority of the applicant to depose to this affidavit.
3. I know that on the 5th day of January, 2021, the Respondent obtained
judgment in the High Court of Lagos State at the Ikeja Judicial Division
against the Applicant for the payment of the sum of N1, 735,000 (One Million
Seven Hundred and Thirty Five Thousand Million Naira) as debt owed.
4. A Certified True Copy of the judgment is hereby attached as Exhibit A1.
5. I know that the Applicant filed an appeal on the 6th day of January 2021 at the
Court of Appeal, Lagos Division. A copy of the Notice of Appeal is hereby
attached as Exhibit A2.
6. Ground 2 of the Notice of Appeal states that the Honourable Court ought not
to have ruled in favour of the Respondent on the issue of jurisdiction of the
trial court as the matter was not first submitted to conciliation as agreed by
the parties.
Page 124 of 193

7. Ground 3 of the Notice of Appeal states that the Honourable Court ought not
to have entertained the matter as the action was commenced in the wrong
judicial division.
8. If this application is not granted the applicant will not be able to reap the fruit
of his appeal if the appeal succeeds.
9. This application is necessary and it is in the interest of justice pending the
determination of the appeal.
10. The Applicant undertakes to bear cost and damages if the appeal fails or turn
out to be frivolous
11. I swear to this affidavit solemnly and conscientiously believing its contents to
be true and correct in accordance with the Oaths Act.
_______________________
DEPONENT
SWORN TO AT THE HIGH COURT REGISTRY, LAGOS

This 6thday of January, 2021.
BEFORE ME
____________________
Written Address in Support of Motion

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
S & E NIGERIA LTD -----------------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD ------------------------------------------------RESPONDENT
Page 125 of 193

WRITTEN ADDRESS IN SUPPORT OF MOTION

Introduction
My Lord, this is an application in which the Judgement Creditor is seeking the
Order of Stay of Execution of judgement of this Honourable Court pending the
determination of appeal already filed.
Brief Statement of Facts

My Lord, the facts are that I know that on the 25th day of February, 2019, the
Respondent obtained judgment in the High Court of Lagos State at the Ikeja
Judicial Division against the Applicant for the payment of the sum of N1, 085,000
(One Million and Eighty Five Thousand Million Naira) as debt owed. The
Applicant filed an appeal on the 28th day of February 2019 at the Court of
Appeal, Lagos Division.
Issue for Determination

My Lord, the major issue sought out here is whether the applicant is entitled to an
order of this Honourable Court to stay the execution of judgement having filed a
Notice of Appeal.
Legal Argument...
Conclusion
My Lord, we therefore urge the Court to grant the application. We move in terms
of our motion papers.
…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Page 126 of 193

Application for Stay of Proceedings

HOLDEN AT IKEJA

MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
S & E NIGERIA LTD -----------------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 54 RULE 1 OF HIGH COURT OF LAGOS
STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 AND UNDER THE INHERENT
JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this honourable Court will be moved on the 6th day of
January, 2021 at the hour of 9 O’ clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
counsel for the Applicant may be heard praying this honourable Court for the
following:
1. AN ORDER staying proceedings of this court in the matter pending the

determination of the appeal No CA/01/2021 filed against the decision/ruling of
this honourable Court in Suit No HC/LAG/63/20 delivered by his Lordship
Aniekan Udo-Okon Emmanuel on the 5th day of January, 2021 at the Court of
Appeal, Lagos Division.
2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER OR OTHER ORDERS as this honourable Court
Dated this 6thday of January, 2021
…………………………
Page 127 of 193

EYEKE KENNETH ESQ

SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Affidavit In Support Of Application For Stay Of Proceedings

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
S & E NIGERIA LTD -------------------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION FOR STAY OF PROCEEDINGS

1. I am the Appellant/Applicant in the Suit.
2. I have since been served with the order of the court directing that I pay the
Respondent the sum of N500, 000 before the conclusion of the trial.
3. I have reacted to the said order by filing Notice of Appeal against the order.
4. If this application is not granted the applicant will not be able to reap the fruit
of his appeal if appeal succeeds.
5. Refusal of this application will inflict greater hardship than it would avoid if
granted.
Page 128 of 193

6. This application is necessary and it is in the interest of justice pending the

determination of the appeal.
7. I make this affidavit in good faith believing the contents to be true and correct
and in accordance with the Oaths Act.
…………………………………….
DEPONENT
SWORN TO AT THE HIGH COURT REGISTRY, LAGOS

This 6thday of January, 2020.
BEFORE ME
____________________
Application for Injunction Pending Appeal

HOLDEN AT IKEJA
MOTION NO:___________
APPEAL NO:___________
BETWEEN
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD ----------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
S & E NIGERIA LTD -------------------------------------------------------RESPONDENT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 58 RULE 1 OR ORDER 43 RULE 1 OF
HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019 AND
UNDER THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT
Page 129 of 193

January, 2021 at the hour of 9 O’Clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
counsel for the Applicant may be heard praying this Honourable Court for the
following:
1. AN ORDER FOR INJUNCTION RESTRAINING the Respondent/Claimant
FROM ACTING ON THE JUDGMENT OR INTERFERING WITH THE
PROPERTY PENDING the determination of the appeal No CA/01/21 against
the JUDGMENT of this Honourable Court delivered in Suit No HC/LAG/34/20
on the 5th day of January, 2021 filed against it at the Court of Appeal, Lagos
Division.
2. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER OR OTHER ORDERS as this Honourable Court
…………………………
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
SOLICITORS
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
WEEK 15 ASSIGNMENT - ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT AND

APPLICATIONS PENDING APPEAL
Mr. Thompson and Mr. Matthew are members of the Living Wonder Church,
Ikeja, Lagos where they have worshipped for the past 10 years. Mr. Thompson
just retired as a Senior Executive Director of Midas Car Limited, Ikeja, Lagos
while Mr. Matthew is a Director in Whitepearl Estate Limited, Ikeja Lagos.
On the 2nd January, 2020, Mr. Thompson visited Mr. Matthew at his home and
requested a loan of N15, 000, 000 to complete the building of his house in Ikeja
Page 130 of 193

so that he can move in and celebrate his 60th Birthday anniversary upon his
retirement by the end of February 2020. He promised to pay back the loan to Mr.
Matthew at the end of March 2020 when he will be paid N20,000, 000 as gratuity.
Mr. Matthew did not doubt Mr. Thompson’s promises because of their long-
standing relationship and having known Mr. Thompson to have paid back all the
loans he collected in times past promptly. He, however, requested Mr. Thompson
to put his undertaking into writing. Upon putting the undertaking into writing by
Mr. Thompson, Mr. Matthew gave him the sum of N15, 000, 000 in cash.
However, to the dismay of Mr. Matthew, two months passed without Mr.
Thompson paying him back the loan and without even contacting him about it
and Mr. Thompson stopped attending the church where they worshipped. When
Mr. Matthew inquired from the General Manager of Midas Car Limited, the GM
confided in him that due to COVID 19, the Company could not pay Mr.
Thompson’s gratuity at the end of March but will do so by the end of August.
Mr. Matthew instituted an action against Mr. Thompson in the High Court of
Lagos State and successfully got a judgment in his favor on the 17 th June 2020.
Mr. Matthew has come to you for advise on the following issues: --
1. The procedure he will follow to recover the judgment debt of N15, 000,000
2. Whether he can compel Midas Car Limited to pay to him the amount due from Mr
Thompson’s gratuity. Assuming he can compel the Company, what would be the
procedure to follow?
3. What procedure will you follow if the execution of the Lagos High Court judgment
were to be carried out in Abuja?
4. Will your answer be different if the judgment were given by an Abidjan (Ivory
Coast) High Court to be executed in Abuja, Nigeria?
5. Assuming Mr. Thompson appealed against the judgment and wants you to apply
for stay of execution of same. Draft the necessary application.
MODEL ANSWER
WEEK 15 - ENFORCEMENT OF JUDGMENT AND APPLICATIONS PENDING
APPEAL
Question 1
To ensure that Mr Thompson complies with the Court’s judgment, an application
should be made to the court for the issuance of Writ of Fi fa. I will apply to the
Registrar of the court by filing a praecipe in Form 3 in the 1st schedule to the
Sheriffs and Civil Process Act. The application is normally for execution of the
judgment in the first place against Mr. Thompson’s movable properties. The Writ
Page 131 of 193

shall not be issued until after expiration of 3 days from the day on which the
judgment has been given against Mr. Thompson, except with the express leave
of the court. See Order IV of the Judgment (Enforcement) Rules. If the movable
properties of Mr. Thompson cannot be found within jurisdiction or are insufficient
to satisfy the judgment, then an application can be made to extend execution to
Mr. Thompson’s immovable properties. This application for leave to issue a writ
of fi fa against immovable property shall be by Motion on Notice.
Question 2
Yes, he can compel or request Midas Car Limited to pay the amount due from
Mr. Thompson’s gratuity under Garnishee proceedings.
However, for the debt to be attachable it must be due or accruing to the judgment
debtor. Section 85 of the Sheriffs and Civil Process Act;
The procedure is to bring application by motion exparte supported by affidavit.
Section 83 of the Sheriffs and Civil Processes Act.
Question 3
This is otherwise known as inter state execution of judgment. This requires
registration of the judgment in the State where it is intended to be executed i.e.
the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. See Section 104 of the Sheriffs and Civil
Processes Act.
Accordingly the following procedure has to be followed: -
8. Obtaining of Judgment Certificate. The judgment is to be issued by the High
Court of Lagos State and shall contain particulars of claim and the judgment. The
Registrar of the court is to issue it under his hand and seal.
9. Registration of the judgment Certificate in High Court of the Federal Capital
Territory, Abuja which is to be done by the Registrar of the court.
10. Then I will file an affidavit in the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory,
Abuja stating:
a. That the amount is due and unpaid or:
b. That the act ordered to be done has not been done: or
c. That the person restrained from doing an act disobeyed the order
See ELECTRICAL & MECHANICAL CONSTRUCTION CO. LTD V. TOTAL
(NIG.) Ltd. & ANOR. (1972) 1 ALL NLR Pt 2 p. 293
Question 4
Ivory Coast (Abdijan) is not a Common Law Country in respect of which the
Foreign Judgment (Reciprocal Enforcement) Act applies.
Therefore, Enforcement in that case is by taking an action under Common Law.
The judgment would be the cause of action.
Page 132 of 193

Question 5
HOLDEN AT IKEJA
SUIT NO:
BETWEEN:
DONALD MATTHEW----------------------------- CLAIMANT / RESPONDENT
AND
SAMUEL THOMPSON ---------------------------- DEFENDANT / APPLICANT
MOTION ON NOTICE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 58 RULE 1 HIGH COURT OF LAGOS
STATE (CIVIL PROCEDURE) RULES 2019
AND UNDER THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS HONOURABLE
COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court will be moved on the ____ day of
________ 2020 at the hour of 9 O’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
counsel on behalf of the APPLICANT can be heard praying this Honourable
Court for the following orders:
AN ORDER GRANTING STAY OF EXECUTION OF THE JUDGMENT
OF THIS HONOURABLE COURT DELIVERED ON THE 19TH DAY OF
JUNE, 2020 PENDING THE DETERMINATION OF THE APPEAL
FILED AGAINST IT AT THE COURT OF APPEAL, LAGOS DIVISION.
AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDER or other orders as this Honourable Court
Dated the_______day of______2020
---------------------------
Theophilus James Esq.
Counsel to Defendant / Applicant
No. 48, Achara Layout, Ikeja, Lagos
theojames@yahoo.com
08012345678
FOR SERVICE ON:
Claimant
C/o Counsel
E.T. Tomboy, Esq
Emeka Tomboy & Co.
4A Akenpai Street
Page 133 of 193

Week 16
APPEALS
Note: for the purpose of MCQ, time to file appeal in criminal proceedings is
ninety (90) days; while in civil proceedings, it is three (3) months.
Appeals involve proceeding from the judgment of a trial court to an appellate
court or from one appellate court to another appellate court. Appeals are
important because there is a realization that judges are human and they can be
wrong. Thus, opportunity is given for another set of judges to assess the decision
of a lower judge. Also, appeal helps curb the excessive power of the trial court.
There is no inherent or general right of appeal. The right to appeal is purely
statutory – Adigun v. AG Oyo State.
SAMPLE DRAFT ON APPEALS
Notice of Appeal
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF NIGERIA
IN THE LAGOS JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT LAGOS
APPEAL NO:……………
BETWEEN
AYORINDE NIGERIA LTD ----------------------------------APPELLANT/APPLICANT
AND
S & E NIGERIA LTD ------------------------------------------------------RESPONDENT
TAKE NOTICE that the Appellant being dissatisfied with the decision of the lower
court delivered by His Lordship, Justice Aniekan Udo-Okon Emmanuel of the
High Court of Lagos dated 5th day of January, 2021, more particularly stated in
paragraph 2 of this Notice of Appeal do appeal to the Court of Appeal upon the
grounds set out in the paragraph 3 and will at the hearing of the appeal, seek the
relief sought in paragraph 4.
The appellant further states that the names and addresses of the persons directly
affected by the appeal are those set out in paragraph 5.
Page 134 of 193

2. DECISION APPEALED AGAINST:

The whole decision of the court; attached is a certified copy of the judgment.
3.GROUNDS OF APPEAL
Ground 1
The learned Trial Judge erred in law when he came to the conclusion that the
Contract was illegal and void.
Particulars: The Contract is a valid contract under the Contract Law of Lagos
State and contains all the ingredients of a contract.
Also, it is not prohibited under it or any other existing laws; so the question of
illegality does not come into question.
4. RELIEFS SOUGHT:
The appellant hereby seeks the following reliefs:
1. An order setting aside the decision of the lower court.
2. A declaration that the contract between the parties is valid and subsisting
in law
3. Any such other orders that the court may deem fit to grant in the
circumstances of this case.
5. PERSONS DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THIS APPEAL ARE:
Name Address
(a) Ayorinde Nigeria Ltd (Appellant) of No 5 Victoria Island Road, Ikoyi, Lagos
(b) S&E Nigeria Ltd of Plot 5 Ikoyi Street, Banana Island, Lagos.
Dated this 6th day of January, 2021
___________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
APPELLANT‘S SOLICITOR
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos State
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Respondent‘s Solicitor
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane,
Lagos
Page 135 of 193

Appellant’s Brief of Argument
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL OF NIGERIA

HOLDEN AT LAGOS
APPEAL NO:……………
APPELLANT’S BRIEF OF ARGUMENT
INTRODUCTION
This action was commenced by writ of summons and duly filed along with it were
the statement of claim, written statement on oaths of witnesses and certificate of
pretrial counseling as required by the Rules of Court. The Defendant was duly
served the processes on 6th November, 2020.
The Defendant entered unconditional appearance and filed its statement of
defence and counterclaim, written statement on oaths of witnesses, copy of
contract agreement and a copy of invoice issued by the defendant. They were all
served on the Plaintiff on 5th January, 2020.
BRIEF FACTS RELEVANT TO THE APPEAL

The Claimant called two witnesses, Mrs Deborah Gift Gideon and Mr. Nwibo
Nelson. After adopting her deposition on oath, CW1, the Claimant’s manager
was cross-examined and she testified that a contract and partnership agreement
was entered between the Claimant and the Respondent on 1 st day of January,
2020. CW2, the expert witness, also adopted her deposition on oath and affirmed
the existence of 20 vehicles purchased in the partnership name in other to
execute the contract agreement.
The defendant called three witnesses, Mary W. Allagoa, Nafisa Ya’u Yunusa (on
Subpoena), Joshua Chukwu(on Subpoena). DW1, the company’s accountant,
who after adopting her deposition on oath and on cross-examination testified that
the sum of N1, 735, 000.00 (One million, Seven Hundred and Thirty Five
Thousand Naira only) was transferred to the Claimant’s Access bank account
number 000012345 as the Claimant’s share of the proceeds of the contract.
DW2, testified about the share of the 20 vehicles purchased in the partnership
name, while DW3 tendered a bank record of the transfer of the Claimant’s share
of the proceeds.
Page 136 of 193

GROUNDS OF APPEAL AND PARTICULARS OF THE GROUNDS

Ground 1
The learned Trial Judge erred in law when he came to the conclusion that the
Contract was illegal and void.
Particulars: The Contract is a valid contract under the Contract Law of Lagos
State and contains all the ingredients of a contract. Also, it is not prohibited under
it or any other existing laws; so the question of illegality does not come into
question.
ISSUE FOR DETERMINATION
Whether the Trial Judge erred in law when he came to the conclusion that the
contract was invalid.
LEGAL ARGUMENT
Whether the Trial Judge erred in law when he came to the conclusion that
the Contract was invalid
1. It is trite law that the elements of a valid contract are offer, acceptance,
consideration, capacity and intention to enter into legal relations. All these
elements can be glimpsed from the facts of the case. This was also given
judicial credence in the case of Ojuade & Sons v. D.N.T Nig. Ltd. 2009 13
NWLR Pt 1099 (1534).
2. The existence of a valid contract between the two parties is evidenced by the
written partnership agreement which cannot be varied by oral testimony. In
the absence of the elements of fraud, duress, undue influence and
misrepresentation, the contract stands as valid in law.
3. The trial judge therefore erred when she held that the contract between the
parties was invalid.
RELIEFS SOUGHT:
The appellant hereby seeks the following reliefs:
1. An order setting aside the decision of the lower court.
2. A declaration that the contract between the parties is valid and subsisting in
law
3. Any such other orders that the court may deem fit to grant in the
circumstances of this case
SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION
Page 137 of 193

This Honourable Court is therefore urged to resolve the sole issue in favour of
the Claimant/Appellant, grant the reliefs sought and allow the appeal in that: The
trial judge erred in law in holding that there was no breach of contract.
LIST OF AUTHORITIES:
Ojuade & Sons v. D.N.T Nig. Ltd. 2009 13 NWLR Pt 1099 (1534).
___________________
EYEKE KENNETH ESQ
APPELLANT‘S SOLICITOR
EYEKE KENNETH & CO
IslandLagos State
FOR SERVICE ON:
Ugwu Dominic Esq.
Respondent‘s Solicitor
Plot A2 Ikoyi Lane,
Lagos
WEEK 16 ONLINE ASSIGNMENT

Hearing in the libel suit between Dr. YunusaYohanna v. Nigerian Galaxy
Newspaper Limited was concluded on January 12, 2019. Counsel to the parties
addressed the court on March 10, 2019 and the matter was adjourned to May 10,
2019 for judgment. On July 10, 2019, Honourable Justice Kya Hua Bwari, of the
FCT High Court sitting in Maitama delivered an oral judgment in his chambers as
follows: By a writ of summons dated June 12, 2018, the Claimant claimed against
the defendant the sum of N50 million for libel contained at page 7 of the Nigerian
Galaxy Newspaper of May 10, 2018 Pleadings were filed and exchanged and
witnesses testified on both sides. The newspaper in question was tendered in
evidence as Exhibit A1. This case Slander is not actionable per se and the
plaintiff as far as I am concerned, is a simple and straight forward case of slander
where the newspaper referred to the Plaintiff, among other lecturers in the
Faculty of Medicine, as 'fake consultant virologists" did not prove, before this
court, any damages he has suffered. Although the defendant admitted that the
words used were in their ordinary meaning, defamatory, that the words referred
to the plaintiff and that it was published in the Nigerian Galaxy Newspaper which
Page 138 of 193

circulated among the students of the Claimant at the University of Abuja, I hold
that the Claimant has failed to prove defamation as he clearly failed to prove
damage. Although the defendant did not lead evidence, I hold that the case of
the plaintiff fails because the preponderance of evidence is in favour of the
defendant using the imaginary scale. The action is accordingly dismissed.
You have been briefed by Dr. YunusaYohanna who has expressed his
dissatisfaction with the judgment.
Now, answer the following questions:
1. What process will you file on his behalf, and where?
2. Draft the process in 1 above with three (3) grounds of appeal (without
particulars) from the above judgment.
3. What is the time frame provided under the law for you to file the process in 1
above?
Assignment 2
Using the same scenario in Assignment 1 answer the following questions.
1. After the filing of the originating process in the appeal highlight the procedure
for compilation and transmission of records of appeal especially the time frame
for doing so.
2. What is consequence of failure to comply with the procedure in 1 above?
3. Highlight the procedure and time frame for exchange of briefs by parties and
the consequence of failure to comply with the procedure.
Assignment 3
Using the same scenario in Assignment 1, answer the following questions
1. Assuming as counsel to the respondent younintend to raise a preliminary
objection at the hearing highlight the steps for doing so.
2. Can additional record be filed after transmission of records of appeal in a
case? If yes, when?
3. Assuming, after the decision in the above case at the lower Court and while
the Appeal was slated for hearing, Dr. Musa Okeleye who just returned to Nigeria
from Uganda after spending more than one year as a member of 'Doctors
Without Borders', also realized that he has an interest in the case, being one of
the Doctors, whose names were mentioned in the publication of the
Defendant/Respondent, Exhibit A1, can he be part of the appeal? If no, why? If
yes, why and how?
NIGERIAN LAW SCHOOL CIVIL LITIGATION WEEK 16- APPEALS
Page 139 of 193

MODEL ANSWERS
Assignment 1
QUESTION 1
Notice of appeal, which should be filed at the F.C.T High Court Appeal Registry.
QUESTION 2
NOTICE OF APPEAL
IN THE COURT OF APPEAL
HOLDEN AT ABUJA
SUIT N0…
APPEAL N0…
BETWEEN
DR. YUNUSA YOHANNA …………. APPELLANT
AND
NIGERIAN GALAXY NEWSPAPER LIMITED ….. RESPONDENT
NOTICE OF APPEAL
TAKE NOTICE that the Claimant/Appellant being dissatisfied with the decision of
the High Court of the F.C.T, Abuja, contained in the judgement of Hon. Justice
Kyahuwa Bwari dated 10th July, 2019 doth hereby appeal to the Court of Appeal
upon the grounds set out in paragraph 3.
And the Appellant further states that the names and addresses of the persons
directly affected by the appeal are those set out in paragraph 5.
2.PART OF THE DECISION COMPLAINED OF: The whole decision
3.GROUNDS OF APPEAL
Ground One
The learned trial judge erred in law when he delivered an oral judgement
Ground Two
The learned trial judge erred in law when he delivered judgement more than
ninety (90) days after conclusion of evidence and final address.
Ground Three
The learned trial judge erred in law when he failed to evaluate the evidence of
PW 1 and PW 2 and ascribe probative value to them.
4. RELIEFS SOUGHT
Page 140 of 193

The Appellant hereby seeks for the following reliefs:

i. An order allowing the appeal
ii. An order setting aside the decision of the lower court
iii. An order remitting the case to the trial court for re-hearing.
5. PERSONS DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY THE APPEAL:

i. Dr. YunusaYohanna
N0. 1, Gwagwalada Drive, Bwari, Abuja
ii. Nigerian Galaxy Newspaper Limited
N0. 3, Aso Drive, Maitama, Abuja.
Dated this…………Day of…………………….2020
U.U Eteng, Esq.
Eteng& Associates
Appellant’s Counsel
3, Bwari Close
Area 11, Garki, Abuja.
FOR SERVICE ON:
The Respondent
N0. 3, Aso Drive, Maitama, Abuja.
QUESTION 3
The notice of appeal in this matter should be filed within 3 months of the delivery
of the decision. This is because the decision is a final decision of the F.C.T High
Court. Section 24 of the Court of Appeal Act.
Assignment 2
QUESTION 1
he procedure is as follows:
i. After filing of the notice of appeal at the registry of the High Court, the Registrar
of the High Court shall, summon all the parties for settlement of the documents to
be included in the record of appeal and fixing the fees payable by the Appellant
to cover the estimated cost of compilation and forwarding of the record to the
Court of Appeal;
ii. The same Registrar shall, within 60 days of filing compile and transmit the record
of appeal to the Court of Appeal;
iii. Where the Registrar fails to compile and transmit the record of appeal within 60
days, the appellant shall do this within 30 days after the expiration of the 60 days
reserved for the registrar to do same Ord. 8 Rules 1 & 4 of the C.A Rules, 2016.
Page 141 of 193

QUESTION 2
Upon failure of the Registrar to compile and transmit the record within 60 days,
the Appellant could do that within 30 days. Where both fail to do within the
prescribed days, the Respondent may apply to the Court of Appeal to dismiss the
appeal. Ord. 8 R.18, CAR, 2016.
QUESTION 3
The procedure and time frame are as follows:
i. The appellant shall within 45 days of the receipt of the record of appeal file his
brief of argument at the Court of appeal and serve the Respondent;
ii. The Respondent shall, within 30 days of the receipt of the Appellant’s brief of
argument file and serve his respondent’s brief
iii. The Appellant shall, within 14 days of the receipt of the Respondent’s brief file his
Reply Brief, where he so wishes.
Ord. 19 Rr. 2,4 & 8 CAR, 2016
Where the Appellant fails to file his brief as provided under the law, the
Respondent may apply to dismiss the appeal for want of diligent prosecution.
Where it is the respondent that fails to file his brief, that respondent shall not be
heard to canvass any oral argument at the hearing of the appeal. Ord. 19 R.10
CAR, 2016.
Assignment 3
QUESTION 1
The steps to be taken in raising preliminary objection are as follows:
1. The respondent shall file a formal notice of preliminary objection as in Civil
Form 11 not later than 3 clear days before the hearing date;
2. The objection shall be taken first before hearing of the appeal Ord. 10 R. 1,
CAR, 2016
QUESTION 2
Yes. A party can compile and transmit to the court additional record within 15
days of service on him of the record of appeal. Ord.8 R.6. Dick v Our and Oil C0.
Ltd (2018) 4 NWLR (PT. 1638) 1
QUESTION 3
Yes. He can be part of the appeal by appealing as an interested party pursuant
to Section 243 of the Constitution of the Federal republic of Nigeria, 1999. Dr.
Musa can apply for leave to appeal as an interested party. Akande v General
Electric.
Page 142 of 193

Week 17
RECOVERY OF POSSESSION OF PREMISES
A landlord who seeks to recover his premises from a tenant must comply very
strictly with the provisions of the relevant laws. The slightest deviation from the
requirements of the law will frustrate such attempt to recover possession, no
matter how troublesome and terrible such tenant may be.
SAMPLE DRAFTS ON RECOVERY OF POSSESSION OF PREMISES
Letter of Instruction to Recover Premises
No 9, Atiku Expressway,
Off Grace Court Avenue,
Ikoyi Lagos.
3rd July, 2020.
Eyeke Kenneth Samuel

Eyeke Kenneth & Associates
No. 12 Kings College,
Lekki Phase 1,
Lagos.
Dear Sir,
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION TO RECOVER PREMISES

I, Chief Ibori T. Success , owner of 6 bedroom flat situate at No. 35 Agaba Street,
Ikeja Lagos, do hereby give instructions to you as my solicitor to take all
necessary steps to recover possession of the said premises and arrears of rent
on the said premises currently in occupation by one Mr. Mohammed Sani who is
occupying the said premises as a yearly tenant with whom I wish to terminate the
tenancy in existence.
I shall of course pay the necessary fees.

Thank you for your co-operation.
Yours faithfully,
Page 143 of 193

Chief Ibori T. Success.
Encl:
Copy oftenancy agreement.
Notice to Quit
EYEKE KENNETH & ASSOCIATES
BARRISTERS & SOLICITORS
NO 22, KINGS CLOSE LEKKI PHASE 1 LAGOS
Eyekekennethsamuel@gmail.com Phone; 08102959631
Our Ref: ............................Your Ref:.........................Date: 20th July, 2020
To: Mr. Mohammed Sani

No. 35 Agaba Street,
Ikeja,
Lagos.
Sir,
NOTICE TO QUIT
I, Eyeke Kennethas solicitor to Chief Ibori T. Success, your landlord, and on his
behalf give you notice to quit and deliver up possession of the 6 bedroom flat
together with the appurtenances situate at No. 35 Agaba Street, Ikeja Lagos,
which you hold of him as a yearly tenant between 29th January, 2019 to28th day
of January, 2021.
Dated this 20th day of July, 2020
____________________
Eyeke Kenneth, Esq.,
Solicitor to the Landlord
Eyeke Kenneth & Associate
22, Kings Close Lekki,
Phase 1, Lagos.
Page 144 of 193

Notice of Owner's Intention to Recover Possession
EYEKE KENNETH & ASSOCIATES

BARRISTERS & SOLICITORS
NO 22, KINGS CLOSE LEKKI PHASE 1 LAGOS
Eyekekennethsamuel@gmail.com Phone; 08102959631
Our Ref: ............................Your Ref:.........................Date: 20th January, 2021
To: Mr. Mohammed Sani

Ikeja,
Lagos.
Sir,
NOTICE OF OWNER'S INTENTION TO APPLY TO RECOVER POSSESSION
(7 DAYS NOTICE)
I, Eyeke Kennethas solicitor to Chief Ibori T. Success, your landlord, the owner,
and on his behalf do hereby give you notice that unless peaceable possession of
the 6 bedroom flat together with the appurtenances situate at No. 35 Agaba
Street, Ikeja Lagos State, which you held of the owner under a yearly tenancy,
which tenancy was determined by a Notice to Quit from me on the 28th day of
January 2021, and which premises are now held over and detained from the said
owner, be given to the owner on or before the expiration of the seven (7) clear
days from the service of this notice, I shall apply to the Magistrate acting for the
District of Lagos, for summons to eject you and any person from the premises.
____________________
Solicitor to the Landlord
22, Kings Close Lekki,
Phase 1, Lagos
Note:The Statutory Notices can be drafted on ordinary paper, letter head paper or inserting
heading of the court where the action for recovery of possession of premises will be
commenced.
Page 145 of 193

Claim against Person Refusing to Deliver Up Possession of Premises

IN THE MAGISTRATE COURT OF LAGOS STATE
IN THE LAGOS MAGISTERIAL DISTRICT
HOLDEN AT LAGOS
CLAIM NO....................
PLAINT NO: (ABUJA)
SUIT NO: (OTHERS)
BETWEEN
CHIEF IBORI T. SUCCESS…....................................................... CLAIMANT
AND
MOHAMMED SANI…….................................................................DEFENDANT
CLAIM (IN LAGOS)WRIT (HIGH COURT) PLAINT(IN ABUJA) PARTICULARS

OF CLAIM (IN OTHERS)
1. The claimant is entitled to possession of the six bedroom flat with
appurtenances situate at No 35 Agaba Street, Ikeja Lagos, which the
claimant let to the defendant as a yearly tenant at the rental value of N700,
000.00 (Seven hundred thousand naira only) per annum in respect of which
tenancy was determined by Notice to Quit given by the Claimant.
2. The Claimant did serve on the Defendant a Notice in writing of his intention to
apply to recover possession of the said 6 bedroom flat with appurtenances
situate at No 35 Agaba Street, Ikeja Lagos.
3. The Claimant claims against the Defendant as follows:
1. AN ORDER of this court for the recovery of possession of the said
premises comprising of 8 bedroom flat situate at No 35 Agaba Street,
Ikeja Lagos.
2. AN ORDER of this court for the payment of arrears of rent from 2020 till
date which is N 700,000.00 (Seven hundred thousand naira).
3. AN ORDER of this court for the payment of mesne profit at the rate of
N50, 000 per month from the month of January 20 till judgment.
4. AN ORDER for payment of general damages to the tune of N300.000.00
(Three hundred thousand naira).
4. Grounds of possession (Optional)
(a) Arrears of rent
(b) Nuisance
Page 146 of 193

DATED THIS 20th DAY OF JANUARY, 2021
_________________
Counsel to the Claimant
22, Kings Close Lekki
FOR SERVICE ON:
Mr. Muhammed Sani
The Defendant
Ikeja, Lagos.
When an action is to be filed at the High Court, it will be by Writ as in Form A or

TL1; if the action is to be filed before the District Court of the FCT, Abuja, it will
be by Plaint as in Form F and a Summons will be issued as in Form G and in the
Magistrates Court of Lagos State, it will be by Claim as in Form TL6B and a
Summon in Form TL6A will be issued. See the Schedule to Recovery of
Premises Act, Abuja and the Lagos State Tenancy Law, 2011 ~Page 238 (NLS)
Civil Litigation Practice Handbook
WEEK 17 ASSIGNMENT – RECOVERY OF POSSESSION OF PREMISES
Chief Olowo is the landlord of Koko Lodge, No 1, Olowo Street, Off Admiralty
Way, Lekki, Lagos State, consisting of 6 flats of 4 bedrooms each. Mr. Dauda
Kareem is a tenant in respect of one of the flats. The agreement between the
parties is that the tenancy shall be a yearly tenancy commencing on 1st January
of every year at a rent of N4 million per annum. After paying rent for the first 2
years in 2016 and 2017, Mr. Kareem has refused to pay further rents in respect
of the property but remains in possession till date. Mr Kareem throws noisy
parties in the house every week to the annoyance of neighbours. Chief Olowo is
fed up and intends to recover possession of the premises from Mr. Kareem.
Page 147 of 193

1. State the condition precedent that Chief Olowo must fulfil before he can validly
instruct his counsel to recover possession of the premises from the tenant.
2. State the step(s) that must be taken by Counsel to Chief Olowo before he can
validly recover possession of the premises from Mr Kareem.
3. Draft the first statutory notice that will be issued to terminate the tenancy of Mr
Kareem.
4. In which court will the action be commenced? Give reasons for your answer.
5. State the court processes that will be filed in court to validly commence an action
for recovery of the premises from the tenant.
6. Assuming after the expiration of the statutory notices Mr Kareem Dauda refuses
to give up possession of the premises and Chief Olowo has informed you as
Counsel that he intends to instruct his body guards Enoch and Efam to remove
the roof in Mr Kareem’s flat and also cut off his electricity supply. Advise him on
the propriety of his intended action.
Page 148 of 193

Week 18
ELECTION PETITION
Applicable Law: An election petition is a special proceeding where actions for

the purpose of challenging the validity of an election or disputing the return of a
candidate or claiming the return of a candidate are commenced by petition.
1. CFRN (Second Alternation) Act 2010
2. CFRN (First Alteration) Act 2010
3. Electoral Act 2010 (as amended 2011)
4. Election Tribunal and Court Practice Direction 2011
5. Rules of Procedure for Election Petition (First Schedule to the Act)
6. Note: Electoral Amendment Act 2014 (but lecture will not focus on this)
DRAFTING OF ELECTION PETITIONS
Petition
IN THE GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION TRIBUNAL OF EBONYI STATE OF

NIGERIA
HOLDEN AT ABAKALIKI
PETITION NO: EPT/GOV/001/20
ELECTION TO THE OFFICE OF THE GOVERNOR OF EBONYI STATE OF

THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA HELD ON 21ST OF MARCH 2019
BETWEEN
1. DR. EZE VICTOR PETITIONERS
2. NIGERIAN YOUTH DEMOCRATIC PARTY
AND
1. CHIEF ONU FELIX
2. ACTION CONGRESS PARTY RESPONDENTS
3. INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC)
PETITION
THE PETITION OF DR. EZE VICTOR OF NO. 52, EZEKUNA STREET, EZZA
SOUTH LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREA, EBONYI STATE, WHOSE NAME IS
SUBSCRIBED
Page 149 of 193

1.0 The 1st Petitioner Dr. Eze Victor, was a candidate at the above election that
held on the 21th day of March, 2019, where the 1 st Respondent was a candidate.
1.1 The 1st Petitioner contested under the platform of the 2ndPetitioner (Nigeria
Youth Democratic Party). The 1st Respondent contested under the platform of the
2nd Respondent (Action Congress Party).
1.2 The results as released by the 3rd Respondent were as follows (despite the
fact that there were no elections in 5 out of the 13 Local Government Areas in
Ebonyi State)
CANDIDATE PARTY VOTES
Chief Onu Felix ACTION CONGRESS PARTY 1,050,000 Votes
Dr. Eze Victor NIGERIAN YOUTH DEMOCRATIC PARTY 850,000 Votes
st
1.3 The 1 Petitioner states that the Respondent, Chief Onu Felix, was then
returned as the elected candidate and or winner of the election (despite the fact
that there were no elections in 5 out of the 13 local government areas in Ebonyi
State)
2.0 GROUNDS FOR THE PETITION:

The petitioners state that the grounds on which they rely for the petition are as
follows:
1. The return of the 1st respondent as winner of the re-election for the office of
the governor of Ebonyi State which held on the 21 stof March, 2019 was
invalid by reason of non-compliance with the provisions of the Electoral Act
2011 and was marred by irregularities and corrupt practices.
2. The 1st Respondent was not duly elected as a majority of lawful votes cast at
the election, as no lawful votes were cast in 219 polling stations making up 5
out of the 21 local government areas in Ebonyi State.
3.0 FACTS IN SUPPORT OF THE PETITION:

1. The petitioners state that elections did not take place in 219 polling centres
making up 5 out of the 13 Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State on the
21stMarch, 2019
2. The petitioners state that the 3rd Respondent deliberately hoarded the
election materials and released some of the election materials particularly the
result sheet to agents of the 2nd Respondent (Action Congress Party) who
used the said result sheets to enter the figures manufactured outside the
polling units in the most reckless manner.
Page 150 of 193

3. The petitioners state that the 3rd respondent did not supply the following
election materials in 219 polling centers making up 5 out of the 13 Local
Government Areas in Ebonyi State on the 21 st March, 2019:
(a) Voters register for use in 219 polling centers making up 5 out of the 13
Local Government Areas in Ebonyi State on the 21 st March, 2019.
(b) Result Sheets (FORM EC84A1) for the Gubernatorial Election at the
respective polling units in Ebonyi State.
4. The petitioners state that the 3rd Respondent failed to display copies of the
voters’ register for each Local Government, Area Council or ward in Ebonyi
State for public scrutiny.
nd
5. The petitioners state that the 2 Respondent and his agents prevented the
1st and 2nd Petitioner from free use of the media, designated vehicles,
mobilization of political support and campaign at an election by causing the
1st Petitioner to be arrested by the police and detained for 14 days without
telling the 1st Petitioner what offence He committed.
6. The petitioners state that in the 8 Local Government Areas where elections
held, the voters were compelled by force by the agents of the 1st Respondent
to refrain from voting the 1st Petitioner and vote for the 1st respondent or be
killed and some voters refrained from voting based on the threat.
7. The petitioners state that the total number of voters as presented in Forms
EC8A, EC8B, EC8C, EC8D, EC8F, EC8G, the voters registers used in the 8
local Government Areas where elections were held was 296,000 (two
hundred and ninety six thousand) persons and the number of accredited
voters on the day of election was 273,751 (two hundred and seventy three
thousand seven hundred and fifty one) persons.
8. The petitioners state that the total number of votes cast as presented in the
result sheet Form R1 is 1,900,000.00 (One million nine hundred thousand)
persons and this is untenable in keeping with the number of accredited voters
for the election on the 21st march, 2019.
9. Despite the gross irregularities and the fact that no results were collated by
the 3rd respondent, the 1st respondent was declared winner of the election by
10.30 pm at the Secretariat of the 3rd respondent.
rd
10. The 3 respondent is hereby given notice to produce at the hearing of the
petition the following documents
a. Ballot papers and ballot boxes purportedly used during the election.
b. All forms EC8A, EC8B, EC8C, EC8D, EC8E, EC8D allegedly used in the
election on the 21st march, 2019
Page 151 of 193

c. The comprehensive voters register for all the polling booths in the
country.
d. Comprehensive list of the polling clerks, presiding officers, supervisory
presiding officers, ward returning officers and the constituency returning
officer that were scheduled to work at the said election.
e. The declaration of election result sheet Form R1
f. All other documents allegedly used during the election.
PRAYERS:
The petitioner prays the Tribunal for the following reliefs:
1. DECLARATION that the 1st Respondent, CHIEF ONU FELIX was not duly
elected and returned as winner of the rerun election to the office of the
Governor of Ebonyi State held on the 21st of March, 2019.
2. AN ORDER DECLARING the rerun election to the office of the Governor of
Ebonyi State held on the 21st of March, 2019 was null or void.
Dated 21st day of April, 2019.
Eyeke Kenneth Esq.

(Petitioner’s Counsel)
Eyeke Kenneth & Co.
No. 17 Afikpo Road,
Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
Signed before me
This 21st day of April, 2019
............................
Secretary
FOR SERVICE ON:

1st Respondent
CHIEF ONU FELIX
7 Uburu Road,
Abakaliki, Ebonyi State.
2nd Respondent:
Action Congress Party
Page 152 of 193

State Headquarters
39 Ogoja Street,
Abakaliki, Ebonyi State
3rd Respondent:
Independent National Electoral Commission (INEC)
National Headquarters,
12 Nsugbe Street,
Akakaliki, Ebonyi State
The Petitioner
C/o His Solicitor of the above address
Memorandum of Appearance

NIGERIA
HOLDEN AT ABAKALIKI
PETITION NO: GET/AN/001/11
BETWEEN
DR. EZE VICTOR PETITIONERS
AND
1. CHIEF ONU FELIX
To The Secretary
MEMORANDUM OF APPEARANCE
Please enter appearance for CHIEF ONU FELIX who is the first respondent in
the above election petition.
The name and address of his Solicitor are as follows-
……………………………
Nwali Ikenna Esq
No. 10, Abacha Road,
Abakaliki,
Ebonyi State.
Page 153 of 193

Dated 21st day of April, 2019
………………………………
Nwali Ikenna Esq
Counsel to the 1st Respondent
For Service on:

The Petitioner
No. 52, Ezekuna Street
Ezza South Local Government
Ebonyi State
Occupier:
Dr. Eze Victor
Reply to Petition

NIGERIA
HOLDEN AT ABAKALIKI
PETITION NO: GET/AN/001/11
BETWEEN
DR. EZE VICTOR PETITIONERS
AND
1. CHIEF ONU FELIX
REPLY TO THE PETITION OF DR. VICTOR EZE BY THE 1 ST RESPONDENT
SAVE AND EXCEPT as expressly admitted in this reply, the respondents deny
every allegation of fact made in the petition as if same were herein set out and
traversed seriatim.
1. The 1st Respondents admit paragraphs 1.0. 1.1. of the Petition.
2. The 1st Respondents is not in a position to either admit or deny paragraph
1.2. and 1.3., and would, at the trial, put the Petitioner to the strictest proof of
same.
3. The 1st Respondent denies paragraph 2.0.1. 2.0.2 2.0.3. and 2.0.4
4. The 1st Respondents is not in a position to admit or deny paragraph 3.0.1.
3.0.2. 3.0.3. 3.0.4. and 3.0.5. of the Petition and put the Petitioners to the
strictest proof of same.
Page 154 of 193

5. The 1st Respondent denies paragraph 3.0.6. of the Petition and aver that
election did not hold only in two Local Government Areas due to the heavy
rainfall that fell in these two location on the election day and the voters voted
their candidates out of their free will.
6. The 1st Respondent denies paragraph 3.0.7. of the petition and state that the
total number of votes as presented in Forms EC8A, EC8B, EC8C, EC8D,
EC8F, EC8G, the voters registers used in the 8 local Government Areas
where elections were held was 700,000 (seven hundred thousand) persons
and the number of accredited voters on the day of election was 650, 000
(sixty hundred and fifty thousand) persons.
7. The 1st Respondent denies paragraph 3.0.8. of the Petition.
8. The 1st Respondent admits paragraph 3.0.9. of the Petition to an extent that
the 1st Respondent was declared winner of the election by the 3rd
Respondent around 10.30pm but denies any other material allegation in the
paragraph.
9. The 1st Respondent further state that the said election was conducted in a
free and fair manner and in accordance with the provisions of the Electoral
Act, 2010, as amended and the 1st respondent was therefore duly returned as
the winner of the election.
The 1st respondent prays this Honourable Tribunal to dismiss the Petition as it is
frivolous, baseless and lacks merit.
…………………….
No. 7 Uburu Road,
Abakaliki,
Ebonyi State
Occupier:
CHIEF ONU FELIX
……………………………
Nwali Ikenna Esq
Counsel to the 1st Respondent
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE

PETITIONER,
No. 52, Ezekuna Street
Ezza South Local Government
Ebonyi State
Occupier:
Dr. Eze Victor
Page 155 of 193
WEEK 18 ASSIGNMENT on Election Petition

The Progressive People Congress held election on the 6 June, 2020 to elect
the Party flag bearer for the forthcoming bye-election to the Central Senatorial
District of Taraba State. Chief Dodo Moses and MrSandaTanda contested the
election and Chief Dodo Moses emerged victorious.
The Independent National Electoral Commission conducted the election on the
25th July, 2020. Chief Dodo Moses, Sani Lukas and Bello Usman contested the
election under the platforms of Progressive People Congress; Redemption
Progressive Party and Unity People Congress respectively. Chief Dodo scored
2500 votes; Sani Lukas 1200 votes and Bello Usman 1000 votes. Chief Dodo,
having scored the highest votes was returned as the winner of the election. His
closes rival, Sani Lukas rejected the result of the election on the ground that the
election was characterised by all sorts of corrupt practices ranging from
intimidation of voters, vote buying, snatching and stuffing of ballot boxes etc.
Against this background he has retained you to challenge the result of the
election in court.
Answer the following questions
1. Identify the Court/ Tribunal that you would approach for the purpose of
challenging the result of the election
2. Mention the process you would use to challenge the result of the election
3. Draft the process you identify in 2 above
4. Mention the documents that would accompany the process you drafted in 3
above
5. Assuming Mr SandaTanda wants to challenge the result of the election, identify
the court or tribunal that he would approach.
6. What is the period of time within the court/tribunal you identified in 5 above would
decide the matter.
MODEL ANSWERS
1. The National and State Houses of Assembly Election Tribunal. Section 285 of the
1999 Constitution as amended
2. Petition
3. IN THE NATIONAL AND STATE HOUSES OF ASSEMBLY ELECTION
TRIBUNAL HOLDEN AT TARABA STATE
PETITION NO……
ELECTION TO THE SENATE FOR TARABA CENTRAL SENATORIAL
DISTRICT HELD ON 25 July 2020
BETWEEN
Page 156 of 193

1. SANI LUKAS ----------------------------------1ST PETITIONER

2. REDEMPTION PROGRESSIVE PARTY------------2ND PETITIONER
AND
1. CHIEF DODO MOSES------------------------------1ST RESPONDENT
2. PROGRESSIVE PEOPLE CONGRESS-------2ND RESPONDENT
3. INDEPENDENT NATIONAL ELECTORAL COMMISSION (INEC) ---------------
---------------------------------------------------------3RD RESPONDENT
PETITION
PETITION OF SANI LUKAS OF NO 56 WALI CLOSE JALINGO TARABA
STATE, whose name is herein subscribed.
1. Your 1st Petitioner, Sani Lukas was a candidate at the above election and your
Petitioner states that the election was held 25 July 2020, where the 1 st
Respondent was also a candidate
2. Your 1st Petitioner contested under the platform of the 2nd Petitioner,
Redemption Progressive Party, the 1st Respondent contested under the platform
of the 2nd Respondent, the Progressive People Congress
3. The results as released by the 3rd Respondent were as follows:
Chief Dodo Moses------------------------------ 2500 votes
Sani Lukas----------------------------------------1200 votes
Bello Usman-------------------------------------1000 votes
4. Your 1st Petitioner states that the 1st Respondent, Chief Dodo Moses was
returned as the elected candidate and winner of the election
5. Your 1st Petitioner shall found and rely on the results declared by the 3 rd
Respondent at the trial
GROUND OF THE PETITION
Your Petitioner states that the ground on which he relies for the petition is as
follows:
g. The return of the 1st Respondent as the winner of the election for Taraba Central
Senatorial District held on 25 July 2020 was invalid by reason of corrupt practices
and non–compliance with the provisions of the Electoral Act 2010
FACTS OF THE PETITION
a. There were widespread cases of voters intimidation, over voting, under age
voting, vote buying, snatching and stuffing of ballot boxes etc.
b. Your 1st Petitioner states that the 1st Respondent with the collusion of the
Resident Electoral Officer of the 3rd Respondent snatched the ballot boxes and
voting materials at Dankalu polling unit in Jalingo North Local Government
Page 157 of 193

c. The agents of the 1st Respondent campaigned on the day of election

d. Election materials were supplied at various polling units in Jalingo South Local
Government at 2pm as opposed to 8am slated for the commencement of the
election
RELIEFS SOUGHT
Your Petitioner prays for the following reliefs:
iv. A declaration that the said 1st Respondent, Chief Dada Moses was not duly
elected or retuned
v. A declaration that the election and return of the 1st Respondent is void, the
election having been marred by corrupted malpractices
vi. An order that fresh election be conducted by the 3 rd Respondent.
Dated this-----------------day------------------2020
G H Bello
GH Bello & Co
(1st Petitioner’s Counsel)
No 45 Jalo Road, Jalingo Taraba State.
ADDRESS FOR SERVICE
1. THE 1ST PETITIONER
OCCUPIER
2. THE 2ND PETITIONER
OCCUPIER
3. THE 1ST RESPONDENT
OCCUPIER
4. THE 2ND RESPONDENT
OCCUPIER
5. THE 3RD RESPONDENT
OCCUPIER
SIGNED BY
---------------------
Signed before me this-------------------------day-----------------------2020
Secretary
4. Written Statements on oath of the Witnesses; a list of the Witnesses that the
petitioner intends to call in proof of the petition; copies or list of every document
to be relied on at the hearing of the petition. Paragraph 4 (5) 1st Schedule
Electoral Act 2010 as amended.
5. The Federal High or State High Court. Section 87 (9) of the Electoral Act 2010 as
amended.
6. Within 180 days. Section 285 (10) of the 1999 Constitution as amende
Page 158 of 193

Week 19
MATRIMONIAL CAUSES
Marriage is a union between one man and a woman for life - Hyde v. Hyde. A
church marriage only gives blessing to a customary marriage. In Nwangwu v.
Ubani, the Court of Appeal held that mere celebration of a marriage in a church
as was done in the case does not confer statutory flavour to the marriage. In
order to convert a customary law marriage into a statutory marriage, the parties
must consciously take steps and adopt the procedure contained in the Marriage
Act - Martins v. Adenugba; Anyaegbunam v. Anyaegbunam.
Once a person contracts marriage under the Act, he cannot marry other persons
apart from the initial marriage. Marriage under the Act is monogamous. Thus,
once you are married under the Act, you cannot marry another person under the
Act or under Customary Law - Section 47 Marriage Act.
A person married under native Law and Custom cannot marry any other person
under the Act except the one he married under native law and custom - Section
46 Marriage Act. Note that both customary and Act marriages are regarded as
valid marriages but the distinction is for the purpose of the application of the
Matrimonial Causes Act.
Section 7 of the Same Sex Marriage (Prohibition) Act, recognizes marriage as
a legal union between persons of the opposite sex. Thus, same sex marriage is
prohibited in Nigeria
SAMPLE DRAFTS
Scenario-Case Study
Miss Lynda Trump had come to Nigeria in 2018 on an exchange programmed
from the United States and has since remained here. On 17th January, 2019
Lynda and Paul Baba contracted a church marriage at the Congress Hall of the
Nicon Hilton, Abuja. The ceremony was performed by Mr Nwokeke, a part-time
teacher and an aspiring pastor of the Repentant People of God Church.
Unknown to Paul and Lynda, Lynda is the daughter of Paul’s brother’s wife who
had naturalized in the United States of America. After the marriage, Paul and
Lynda continued to live in Abuja until 14th September 2019 when one day Lynda
came home and found a note from Paul stating that he had travelled to Australia
on an immigrant visa and was never intending tore turn to Nigeria again. Paul
also made it clear to Lynda that he was leaving her because of those occasions
she willfully refused to sleep with him. In any event, Lynda had before now been
Page 159 of 193

thinking of how she will get out of the marriage, as she had come to find out that
the angel she married saw her as a punching bag to beat up every now and then.
Also, she has since found out that faithfulness did not particularly feature in
Paul’s daily routine as he was in the habit of visiting brothels on a daily basis,
from where he had on several occasions contacted STDs Lynda had finally filed
a petition for dissolution of the marriage. At the hearing of the petition, Paul Baba
raised several objections to the petition and indeed cross-petitioned. He was also
not happy that one prostitute Miss Abigail Ogun was joined as a co-respondent
with him. He felt that such joinder seriously defamed his character. The court
after final addresses by the parties on the 1st o f December 2019 adjourned for
judgment to the 22nd of December 2020, on which date judgment was entered
for Lynda, granting her a decree nisi.
Application for Leave for Dissolution of Marriage

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
PETITION NO: __________
BETWEEN
LYNDA BABA-----------------------------------------------------PETITIONER/APPLICANT
AND
PAUL BABA---------------------------------------------------------------- 1 ST RESPONDENT
ABIGAIL OGUN------------------------------------------------------- 2 ND RESPONDENT
MOTION EX PARTE
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER IV RULE I OF THE MATRIMONIAL
CAUSES RULES 1983 AND UNDER THE INHERENT JURISDICTION OF THIS
HONOURABLE COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this Honourable Court will be moved on the 15th day of
December, 2020 at the Hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as
counsel on behalf of the Applicant may be heard praying this Honourable Court
for the following orders:
Page 160 of 193

1. AN ORDER OF COURT granting leave to institute proceedings for the

dissolution of marriage within two years of marriage.
2. AND FOR SUCH ORDER OR FURTHER ORDERS as this Honourable Court
__________________
Eyeke Kenneth Samuel Esq
Counsel to the Petitioner/Applicant
FOR: Eyeke Kenneth & Co
No 24 Abacha Street
Maitama
Abuja
Affidavit in Support of Application for Leave

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
PETITION NO: __________
BETWEEN
AND
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF MOTION EX PARTE

I, Lynda Baba, female, medical practitioner, Nigerian citizen of No 43, Enoch
Adebayo Avenue, Maitama, Abuja do hereby make oath and state as follows
that:
1. I am the petitioner in this petition by virtue of which I am conversant with the
facts stated in this affidavit.
2. I have a valid marriage with the 1st respondent contracted on the 17th day of
January, 2019 at the Repentant People Church, Asokoro, Abuja in
Page 161 of 193

accordance with the Marriage Act. Attached to this affidavit is the Marriage
certificate issued by the Registrar of Marriages of the FCT and marked as
Exhibit A1.
3. I have been diagnosed to be suffering from severe depression as a result of
the constant physical abuse and psychological trauma that the 1st respondent
subjected me to.
4. I believe that if my application is not granted, I would continue to suffer undue
hardship at the hands of the 1st respondent.
5. If leave is however granted to me by this Honourable Court, the grounds
upon which I intend to petition for the decree are as stated in the petition
prepared by my solicitor. The proposed petition is hereby attached to this
application.
6. No previous application for leave has been made to a Court.
7. There is no child of the marriage.
8. Reconciliation attempts have been made by parents and extended relatives
of both families but all to no avail as the 1st respondent is recalcitrant in his
adulterous ways.
9. I swear to this affidavit solemnly and conscientiously believing its content to
be true and correct and in accordance with the Oaths Act.
----------------------
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court Registry, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.

BEFORE ME
--------------------------------------
NB: When drafting this Affidavit, tailor it in line with the legal Circumstances under which
you can apply for Leave within two years of Contracting a Statutory Marriage
Page 162 of 193

Petition for Dissolution of Marriage

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
PETITION NO:__________
IN THE MATTER OF THE MATRIMONIAL CAUSES ACT
TO: ABOVE NAMED HIGH COURT
BETWEEN
AND
PETITION FOR DISSOLUTION OF MARRAIGE

1. The petitioner, Mrs Lynda Baba, whose address is at No 43, Enoch Adebayo
Avenue, Maitama, Abuja and whose occupation is a medical practitioner
petitions the Court for a decree of dissolution of the marriage against the
respondent, Mr Paul Baba whose address is No 49, Melanin Avenue,
Maitama Abuja and whose occupation is a businessman. The 2 nd respondent
is Miss Abigail Ogun whose address is No 6, Indiana Layout, Gwarinpa,
Abuja and whose occupation is a commercial sex worker.
2. MARRIAGE
(a) The petitioner, then a spinster was lawfully married to the respondent,
then a bachelor, on the 17th day of January 2019 at the Congress Hall of
the Nicon Hilton, Abuja which performed the Christian ceremony in
accordance with the Marriage Act.
(b) The surname of the petitioner immediately before the marriage was
Roberts.
3. BIRTH OF PETITIONER AND RESPONDENT
The petitioner was born in 1988 in the United States of America and the
respondent was born in 1978 in Lagos State, Nigeria.
4. DOMICILE
The petitioner is within the meaning of the Act, domiciled in Nigeria. The facts
on which the Court would be asked to find that the petitioner is so domiciled
are as follows: prior to the marriage and since the marriage, the petitioner has
Page 163 of 193

resided in Abuja and after the marriage, at No 60, Enoch Adebayo Avenue,
Maitama, Abuja within the jurisdiction of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
5. COHABITATION
Particulars of the place at which and during which the petitioner and the
respondent has co-habituated are as follows: Immediately after the marriage,
the petitioner and the respondent cohabitated at No 49, Melanin Avenue,
Maitama Abuja.
The date and circumstances in which cohabitation between the petitioner and
the respondent first ceased are as follows: On 14th September, 2019, the
respondent relocated to Australia with the intention of never returning to
Nigeria for reasons best known to him.
6. CHILDREN
There was no child.
7. PREVIOUS PROCEEDINGS
Since the marriage, there have not been any proceedings in a Court between
the petitioner and the respondent.
8. GROUNDS FOR THE PETITON
The marriage between the petitioner and the respondent has broken down
irretrievably. The particulars of such breakdown are as follows:
(a) Since the marriage, the respondent has committed adultery by making a
habit of visiting brothels daily and patronizing sex workers in particular,
the 2nd respondent. It is from these visits to brothels that the 1st
respondent has contacted sexually transmitted diseases in the form of
Gonorrhoea and Herpes which he has rather unfortunately, transmitted to
the petitioner.
Hence, the Petitioner has found it intolerable to continue to live with the
respondent.
(b) Since the marriage, the respondent has behaved in such a way that the
petitioner cannot be reasonably expected to live with the respondent. This
is as a result of the fact that, the respondent has on several occasions,
physically abused the petitioner which more often than not, resulted in
admission at the University of Abuja Teaching Hospital, Gwagwalada,
Abuja for her recovery from various injuries such as broken ribs, fractured
wrists as well as concussions.
9. CONDONATION, CONNIVANCE AND COLLUSION
The petitioner has not condoned or connived at the grounds specified above
and is not guilty of collusion in presenting this petition.
Page 164 of 193

10. PROPOSED ARRANGEMENT FOR THE CHILDREN

There is no child.
11. CUSTODY
It is not applicable.
12. RELIEFS
The petitioner seeks the following order:
(a) A decree of dissolution of marriage between the petitioner and the
respondent on the ground that the marriage has broken down
irretrievably.
__________________
Eyeke Kenneth Samuel Esq
Counsel to the Petitioner/Applicant
FOR: Eyeke Kenneth & Co
No 24 Abacha Street
Maitama
Abuja
This petition was settled by Eyeke Kenneth Samuel, legal practitioner for the
petitioner.
Filed on 10th day of December, 2020 by Eyeke Kenneth Samuel on behalf of the
petitioner whose address for service is No 24 Abacha Street, Maitama, Abuja.
FOR SERVICE ON:

1. 1st Respondent
Paul Baba
No 49, Melanin Avenue
Maitama, Abuja
2. 2nd Respondent
Abigail Ogun
No 6, Indiana Layout,
Gwarinpa, Abuja.
Page 165 of 193

Verifying Affidavit
HOLDEN AT ABUJA
BETWEEN
AND
VERIFYING AFFIDAVIT
I, Lynda Baba, female, medical practitioner, Nigerian citizen of No 60, Enoch
Adebayo Avenue, Maitama, Abuja do make oath and state as follows that:
1. I am the petitioner and by virtue of which I am conversant with the facts
stated in the petition.
2. I verify and confirm the facts contained in the petition to be true and correct.
3. Attached to this petition is a copy of the Marriage certificate issued by the
Registrar of Marriages of the FCT.
4. I swear to this affidavit solemnly and conscientiously believing its content to
be true and correct and in accordance with the Oaths Act.
_____________
DEPONENT
Sworn to at the High Court registry, Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.

BEFORE ME
---------------------------------------
Page 166 of 193

Answer & Cross Petition

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
BETWEEN
AND
ANSWER AND CROSS PETITION
st
1. The 1 respondent in answer to the petition in these proceedings says:
2. The 1st respondent/cross petitioner admits paragraphs 1,2,3,4,5,6,7,9,10 &
11 of the petition.
3. The 1st respondent/cross petitioner denies paragraphs 8 of the petition.
4. The 1st respondent/cross petitioner avers in response to paragraph 8 of the
petition that the 1st respondent has been faithful to the petitioner since the
marriage and has not contacted any sexually transmitted diseases of any
kind. The only sexual partner that the 1st respondent has had since the
marriage is the petitioner.
5. In further response to paragraph 8 of the petition, the 1st respondent/cross
petitioner states that he never subjected the petitioner to any form of physical
abuse.
6. CROSS PETITION
7. The respondent/cross petitioner pleads facts in paragraphs 1- 7 and 9 of the
petition.
8. DOMICILE
The petitioner is within the meaning of the Act, domiciled in Nigeria. The facts
on which the Court would be asked to find that the petitioner is so domiciled
are as follows: prior to the marriage and since the marriage, the petitioner has
resided in Abuja and after the marriage, at No 3, Independence lane, at No
49, Melanin Avenue, Maitama Abuja within the jurisdiction of Federal Capital
Territory, Abuja.
Page 167 of 193

9. GROUNDS FOR CROSS PETITION

The respondent/cross petitioner petitions the Court for a decree of dissolution
of marriage between the respondent and the petitioner on the ground that the
marriage has broken down irretrievably.
The particulars of such breakdown are as follows: Since the marriage, the
petitioner has willfully and persistently refused to consummate the marriage.
10. CONDONATION, CONNIVANCE AND COLLUSION
The respondent/cross petitioner has not condoned or connived at the ground
specified above and is not guilty of collusion in presenting this answer.
11. RELIEFS
The respondent seeks the following orders:
(a) A decree of dissolution of marriage between the petitioner and the
respondent.
DATED THIS 15th DAY OF DECEMBER, 2020

_______________
John Omotunde Esq
Mulloy Consulting LP
17, Law School Drive,
Bwari
Abuja.
This cross petition was settled by John Omotunde, legal practitioner filed on 15 th
day of December, 2020 by JOHN OMOTUNDE on behalf of the cross petitioner
whose address for service is 17, Law School Drive, Bwari, Abuja.
FOR SERVICE ON:

The Petitioner
C/o Counsel
Eyeke Kenneth
No 24 Abacha Street
Maitama
Abuja
The respondent may also respond to the petition by protesting that the Court
lacks the jurisdiction to entertain or to wait and file a notice of preliminary
objection.
Page 168 of 193

Answer under Protest

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
BETWEEN
AND
ANSWER UNDER PROTEST

The respondent in answer to the petition in this proceeding, objects to the
jurisdiction of the above named Court upon the ground that the marriage
between the petitioner and the respondent was only a church blessing
synonymous to a customary marriage and not under the Marriage Act.
The respondent therefore asks the Court to strike out the petition as it lacked
jurisdiction on the matter.
DATED THE 15th DAY OF DECEMBER, 2020

_______________
John Omotunde Esq
BwariAbuja.
This answer was settled by John Omotunde, Legal Practitioner of the respondent
and filed on the 15th day of December, 2020 by John Omotunde on behalf of the
respondent, whose address for service is 15, Law School Drive, Bwari,Abuja.
FOR SERVICE ON:

The Petitioner
C/o Counsel
Eyeke Kenneth Samuel
Page 169 of 193

Verifying Affidavit

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
BETWEEN
AND
VERIFYING AFFIDAVIT
I, Mr. Paul Baba, Nigeria citizen, male, Christian, Business man, residing at No
49, Melanin Avenue, Maitama, Abuja, make oath and state as follows:
1. That I am the 1st Respondent/ cross-petitioner in this suit.
2. That I verify the facts stated in my cross-petition by virtue of my personal
knowledge of same.
3. That the statements set forth in paragraph I to 9 of my answer and cross-
petition are true and correct to the best of my knowledge, information and
belief.
________________
Deponent
Sworn to at the FCT High Court Registry, Abuja
Dated this 15th Day of December, 2020
BEFORE ME
……………………………
Page 170 of 193

Certificate Relating to Reconciliation

HOLDEN AT ABUJA
BETWEEN
AND
CERTIFICATE RELATING TO RECONCILIATION

I, John Omotunde Esqcertify that I am the solicitor representing the
respondent/cross-petitioner and that I have brought to the attention of the
respondent/cross-petitioner the provisions of the Matrimonial Causes Act relating
to reconciliation of the parties to a marriage and the approved marriage guidance
organizations reasonably available to assist in effecting a reconciliation between
the petitioner and the respondent/cross-petitioner and the possibility of a
reconciliation either with or without the assistance of such organization.
DATED THE 15TH DAY OF DECEMBER, 2020
_________________
John Omotunde Esq
Bwari
Abuja.
Page 171 of 193

WEEK 19 ASSIGNMENT ON MATRIMONIAL CAUSES

Assignment-
Chief Mathew Lewisa and Sabina Lewisa got married at an impressive marriage
ceremony held at a church in Lagos on 1st April, 2005, after the completion of the
requisite procedure for marriage at the Marriage Registry. Friction has developed
between the parties to the marriage on account of an illicit relationship between
Chief Mathew Lewisa and Miss. Ruth Ade, a stunningly beautiful university
student.
Chief Lewisa always took Ruth to Jaiyeori’eHomebreakers Hotel, Epe Lagos on
sexual escapades. In fact, he had exclusively retained a particular room in the
hotel for the above purpose, to keep his affairs with Ruth away from public glare.
Unknown to Chief Lewisa, Sandra Ilu, a relation of Sabina, worked in the hotel as
a cleaner. Sandra planted a secret camera in the aforesaid Chief Lewisa’s hotel
room. The camera produced footage of Chief Lewisa and Ruth activities
(including acts of sexual intercourse) during their 8- hour stay in the hotel room
on 14/4/2016. Sandra has recently informed Sabina of the escapades of her
husband, and also released the video clips of the amorous events of 14/4/2016.
Before Sandra’s disclosure, Sabina Lewisa on her own has just recently become
aware of the relationship between her husband and Ruth. However, Chief Lewis
vehemently denied the allegation when Sabina, his wife, confronted him with the
allegation thereof.
On 1/4/2019 Chief Lewis and Sabina attended a housewarming ceremony of Dr
Daniel Ali, a family friend, an event attended by Ruth, as well. Ruth was all over
the place introducing herself to everyone that came her way, as Mrs. Lewisa, the
legally married wife of Chief Mathew Lewisa. On several other occasions known
to Chief Lewisa, Ruth had made similar claim, and boasted that “No Jupiter on
earth can take me –Ruth Ade- away from, my husband, Chief Mathew Lewisa,
whom I am lawfully married to,” even after she had been cautioned against
making such claim by Chief Lewisa.
Mrs. Sabina Lewisa who is fed up with the relationship with her husband wants
you to obtain a divorce. In fact she packed out of her matrimonial home on
3/4/19. She has recently relocated to Abeokuta, Ogun State, where she met Mr.
Smart Hassan, a young man whom she has been dating since 1/5/2020. Sabina
wants the action for divorce to be instituted and tried in Jos Plateau State, to
discomfit Chief Lewisa, a very busy Lagos businessman.
vii. (i) Identify the court vested with jurisdiction over the action contemplated by Mrs
Sabina Lewisa. (ii) Can a court sitting in Jos, Plateau State, ever possess
Page 172 of 193
jurisdiction over the court action envisaged by Mrs Sabina Lewisa? (iii) Identify
the originating process that you would employ in this action. (iv)State the
ground(s) that shall be relied on in the action.
viii. State two of the factual situations that can ever be relied on in any action
of similar nature as the one proposed by Sabina.
ix. Chief Lewisa wants the action after it has been commenced in Jos to be moved
to a court of competent jurisdiction in Lagos. If counsel on his behalf has applied
for the matter to be so transferred, would you have any legal ground to resist the
application on behalf of Sabina, your client?
x. Sabina wants you to advise her on the possibility of (i) making Ruth a party to her
divorce action (ii) and the title to be ascribed to Ruth as a party in such event (iii)
the relief that may be claimed from Ruth.
xi. Can Mrs. Sabina Lewisa solely rely on the fact of the adultery recorded by
Sandra on 14/4/2016, in support of her claim against Ruth in the light of the facts
in this case? State your reasons.
xii. Assuming your answer in (5) above was in the affirmative, state the procedural
steps for the proof/admissibility of the video evidence in the court action.
xiii. Sabina now feels guilty of her own affair with Smart. In fact she is worried
that Chief Lewisa who already knows about her relationship with Smart will
ultimately use the fact devastatingly to frustrate her court action. She seeks your
opinion whether (i) the fact of the affair/relationship with Smart should be
disclosed to the trial court, at all; (2) if it should be disclosed, what would be the
means of disclosure; (iii) if the whole world shall be able to access the disclosure.
xiv. Draft the heading of the originating process in the action, up to the parties
and title of the court process.
xv. Should Chief Lewisa want to take an action to stop Ruth from parading herself as
his wife, identify the form of action that can be employed for that purpose?
xvi. State the originating process in such action,
CLASS ASSIGNMENT- MODEL ANSWERS
1.(i) The appropriate courts that possess jurisdiction in a matrimonial cause

relating to dissolution of marriage are (a) the High Court of each State of the
Federation, and (b) the High Court of the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja.
Sections 2(1) & 114 Matrimonial Causes Act MCA
2 marks
Page 173 of 193

1(ii) The High Court of any State/ High Court of the FCT, Abuja may be
approached in a matrimonial cause for dissolution of marriage, provided that the
petitioner is, at the time of his presentation of the petition, domiciled in any part of
Nigeria. It is irrelevant that the petitioner has approached a High Court in a State
other than the State of residence of either of the parties to the marriage in issue.
Section 2(3) MCA
2 marks
Thus the High Court of Plateau State sitting in Jos, has jurisdiction over Mrs.
Sabina Lewisa’s petition. – Section 2(3) MCA; Adegoroye v Adegoroye
2 Marks
1(iii) The action contemplated by Sabina is a matrimonial action/cause- Section
114(a) MCA The appropriate originating process in this instance is petition-
Section 54 MCA.-
2 Marks
The petition shall be accompanied with other required court process, such as (i)
the notice of petition (b) an acknowledgement of service (c) a verifying affidavit
(d) a certificate on reconciliation (e) the certificate of marriage.
1 Mark
1(iv) The sole ground in a petition for dissolution of marriage is that the marriage
has broken down irretrievably S 15 (1) MCA
2 Marks
2. A petitioner for the decree of dissolution of marriage must prove the existence
of at least one of the following facts in order to establish the ground that a
marriage has broken down irretrievably under section 15(2) (a)-(h) MCA:
6. refusal of the respondent to consummate the marriage
7. adultery and intolerability
8. cruelty in the behavior of respondent
9. desertion of at least one year
10. separation of at least 3 years
11. living apart for at least 3 years
12. non compliance with a decree for restitution of conjugal rights
13. presumption of death
2 correct answers shall suffice – for 4 Marks
3. As counsel to Sabina, I may not object to an application to transfer the
proceedings to Lagos. Hearing in a matrimonial cause may be transferred to a
convenient forum in the interest of justice;- S. 9 MCA .2 Marks
Page 174 of 193

The matter may be transferred to either of the convenient fora- the High Court
of Ogun State , Abeokuta or the High Court of Lagos State 1 Mark
4. i. It is possible to join Ruth as a party to the action. A person who has been
alleged to have committed adultery with a party to a marriage can be joined, as a
co-respondent in a petition for dissolution of the marriage. S.31 MCA & O. I, r. 4
MC 2 Marks
ii. Ruth will be joined in the action as a co-respondent- S.31 MCA & O, r.4 MCR.
1 Mark
iii. Sabina can obtain relief of damages for adultery from Ruth- S.31 MCA; O. I, r.
4 MCR 1 Mark
5. However Sabina cannot claim damages from Ruth solely on the basis of the
adultery recorded by Sandra on 14/42016.
A petitioner will not be granted damages against a co-respondent where the act
of adultery in question is more than 3 years before the date of the petition S.31(3)
MCA - 2 Marks
6. The video clips recorded by Sandra can only be admissible in evidence if the
conditions in section 84 (2) Evidence Act set for admissibility of computer
produced documents are satisfied-
i. that the video clip was produced by a computer (camera) within a period of
regular use thereof to store or process information; - 2 Marks
ii. that in the period in question, other information similar to the one in the video
was regularly supplied to the computer (the camera); 2 Marks
iii. that throughout the time material to the recording, the computer (the camera)
was operating properly, or, that if it did not operate properly, any improper
operation of the computer(camera) was not of the nature that affected the
production of the video clips; 2 Marks
iv. that the information in the video reproduces or is derived from information
supplied to the camera in the ordinary course of events. 2 Marks
The above information may be given by oral evidence or by a certificate of
someone who holds a responsible position in relation to the operation of the
camera or the management of the relevant activities. In the above instance
Sandra as the operator of the camera device (the computer herein) will be
required to give evidence in respect of the above stated conditions of section 84
by oral evidence or by a certificate to same effect at the trial of the action.- S.
84(4) Evidence Act; Kubor v Dickson 2 Marks
7.
Page 175 of 193

i. The petitioner for a decree of dissolution of marriage who has committed

adultery may disclose the fact of the adultery by making a discretion statement.
Thus he /she may by the statement ask the court to exercise its discretion to
grant the decree sought despite the fact that adultery has been committed by
him/her- Disclosure of such adultery of the petitioner would enable the court to
have access to information/particulars of the event, so as to exercise its
discretion despite the occurrence of the act of adultery- S. 28 MCA; O. V, r. 13
MCR; O. XI, r.32 (2) MCR 2 Marks
Sabina ought to disclose the acts of adultery to the court- S. 28 MCA; O. V, r. 13
MCR –1 Mark
ii. The appropriate procedure for the disclosure is by filing a discretion statement-
S. 28 MCA; O. V, r. 13 MCR; O. XI, r.32 (2) MCR 1 Mark
iii. Except where the court so orders a discretion statement to be given in
evidence, the confidentiality of any discretion statement is relatively preserved.
No one other than the Attorney General of the Federation, or a person authorized
by him, may inspect a discretion statement, without leave of court- O. XI, r.32(2)
2 Marks
8. IN THE HIGH COURT OF PLATEAU STATE

IN THE JOS JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT JOS 2 Marks
Suit no ... 1 Mark

BETWEEN
MRS SABINA LEWISA… PETITIONER 2 Mark
AND
CHIEF MATHEW LEWISA… RESPONDENT 2 Mark
MISS RUTH ADE… CO-RESPONDENT 1 Mark
9. If Chief Lewisa intends to institute an action to restrain Miss. Ruth Ade from
parading herself as his lawfully wedded wife, he should institute a matrimonial
cause by way of petition for jactitation of marriage. Such petition is in Form 7 1 st
Schedule MCR. Section 52 MCA
2 Marks
Total marks : 50 Marks
Page 176 of 193

Week 20
ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL HUMAN RIGHTS
Fundamental Rights refer to any of the rights provided for in Chapter IV CFRN
and includes any of the rights stipulated in the African Charter on Human and
Peoples Right (Ratification and Enforcement) Act - Order 1 Rule 2 of
Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rules 2009. Though the rights
under Chapter II CFRN are not justiciable, they are however, justifiable under
the African Charter on Human and People’s Rights.
ETHICAL ISSUES ARISING FROM ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL

RIGHTS
1. Failure to properly advice the client and inform him of his rights or strength of his
case before instituting the action -Rule 14 (2) (e) RPC.
2. Improper attraction of business – Rule 39 RPC.
3. Where a case is in court, no complaint or broadcast should be made so as not to
mislead the court to taking its decisions in accordance to public comments other
than the law and facts before it -Rule 33 RPC.
4. Under the Abuja Rules, Counsel may be personally liable for cost for frivolous suit.
This is related to Rule 15 (3) (b) RPC which makes it unethical for a legal
practitioner to file a suit or assert a position on behalf of his client when he knows or
ought reasonably to know that such action would serve merely to harass or
maliciously injure another.
5. A lawyer shall not handle a legal matter which he knows or ought to know that he is
not competent to handle -Rule 16 (1) RPC.
6. A lawyer shall not seek out claimants in respect of personal injuries or any other
cause of action with a view to being employed by the prospective client -Rule 47(1)
(b) RPC.
7. Counsel shall not stand or offers to stand bail for a person for whom he or a person
in his law firm is appearing -Rule 37 (1) RPC.
8. It is the duty of lawyer employed in respect of a Court case to be personally present
or be properly represented throughout the proceedings in Court, more so since it
involves the fundamental rights of a person -Rule 14 (4) RPC.
9. Counsel shall not conceal or knowingly fail to disclose that which he is required by
law to reveal, knowingly use perjured or false evidence, knowingly make a false
statement of law or fact or participate in the creation or preservation of evidence
when he knows or ought reasonably to know that the evidence is false -Rule 15
(3)(e)-(h) RPC.
Page 177 of 193

SAMPLE DRAFTS
Originating Motion
IN THE FEDERAL HIGH COURT OF NIGERIA

HOLDEN AT LAGOS
SUIT NO: ................
IN THE MATTER OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS (ENFORCEMENT

PROCEDURE) RULES 2009
AND
IN THE MATTER OF AN APPLICATION BY MR. UWAKWE CHINEDU FOR AN
ORDER OF ENFORCEMENT OF FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
BETWEEN
MR. UWAKWE CHINEDU...................................................................APPLICANT
AND
1. INSPECTOR GENERAL OF POLICE...............................1ST RESPONDENT
2. COMPTROLLER GENERAL OF PRISONS.....................2ND RESPONDENT
ORIGINATING MOTION
BROUGHT PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 35 (3) & (4 ),34(1) (a) AND 36 (4 ), (5)&
(6) (c) OF THE CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA
1999 (AS AMENDED) AND ORDER II RULE 1 OF THE FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS (ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE) RULES 2009 AND WITHIN THE
INHERENTJURISDICTION OF THIS COURT
TAKE NOTICE that this honourable court will be moved on the ----- day of-------,
2021 in the hour of 9 o’clock in the forenoon or so soon thereafter as counsel will
be heard on behalf of the Applicant praying for the following orders:
1. AN ORDER FOR the unconditional release of the applicant
2. AN ORDER restraining the Respondents from any further similar act
3. AND FOR SUCH FURTHER ORDERS OR ORDERS which the court will
deem fit to make in the circumstance
Page 178 of 193

AND TAKE FURTHER NOTICE that on hearing of this application, the said
Applicant will use the affidavit of MRS. UWAKWE CHINEDU and the Exhibit
therein referred to.
DATED THIS 5TH DAY OF JANUARY, 2021
__________________
Counsel to the Applicant
Eyeke Kenneth& Co.
24 Abacha Street
FOR SERVICE ON:

1ST Respondent
Inspector General of Police
Police Command Headquarters,
Abuja
2nd Respondent
Comptroller General of Prisons
Nigerian Prisons Service Headquarters
Abuja
Statement in Support of Application

IN THE LAGOSI JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT LAGOS
SUIT NO: ................

AND
Page 179 of 193

BETWEEN
AND
STATEMENT PURSUANT TO ORDER 2 RULE 3 OF THE FUNDAMENTAL

RIGHTS (ENFORCEMENT PROCEDURE) RULES, 2009
1. NAME AND DESCRIPTION OF THE APPLICANT

Mr. Uwakwe Chinedu, a Legal Practitioner who resides at no 12, Democracy
Estate, Ikeja, Lagos State
2. RELIEF SOUGHT
(a) Declaration that the arrest and detention of the Applicant by the 1st
Respondent on the 10th of October, 2020 is unconstitutional, null and
void and a breach of the fundamental human right of the Applicant
(b) Declaration that detaining the Applicant without formally informing him of
the reasons for his arrest is unconstitutional and a breach of the
fundamental human right of the Applicant
(c) Declaration that the torture carried out on the Applicant by the 1st
Respondent is unconstitutional and a breach of the fundamental human
right of the Applicant
(d) Declaration that the refusal to charge the Applicant for any offence before
a court of law for over 50 days is unconstitutional and a breach of the
(e) Declaration that the threat on Ms. Okwuru Success, the Legal practitioner
representing the Applicant resulting in the withdrawal of the said Ms.
Okwuru Success from further representing the Applicant by the 1st
(f) Declaration that the trial, conviction and sentencing of the Applicant is
unconstitutional and a breach of the fundamental human right of the
Applicant
(g) Declaration that the imprisonment of the Applicant in an over-crowded
prison and confinement to a cell with a 250 watt electric bulb left on day
Page 180 of 193

and night by the 2nd Respondent is unconstitutional and a breach of the

(h) An order compelling 2nd Respondent to release the Applicant from the
prison and confinement forthwith
(i) Damages in tune of ₦350,000,000.00 (Three-hundred and fifty Million
naira) for unlawful arrest, detention, torture, trial, and imprisonment of the
Applicant
3. GROUNDS UPON WHICH THE RELIEFS ARE SOUGHT

(a) The Applicant has fundamental rights to dignity, personal liberty, fair
hearing and freedom of movement under sections 34, 35, 36 and 41 of the
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (As amended)
(b) The Applicant was arrested on the 10th of October, 2020, detained and
tortured without any justification by the 1st Respondent
(c) The Applicant was not informed formally of the reason for his arrest nor
was he charged to court within a reasonable period of time required by the
Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria.
(d) The Applicant was also denied right to representation by a Legal
practitioner when the Legal Practitioner of his choice was threatened to
withdraw from representation by the 1st Respondent
(e) The Applicant was tried by Mr. Archibong Edet a Judge who has an
interest in the case being the first son of Hon Minister of Justice and a
close friend to the President.
(f) The Applicant was imprisoned in an overcrowded prison and subjected to
inhuman condition by being detained in a cell with a 250 – watt electric
bulb left on day and night by the 2nd Respondent
(g) The arrest, detention, torture, trial and imprisonment of the Applicant
constitutes a breach of his fundamental human rights to dignity, personal
liberty, fair hearing and freedom of movement under sections 34, 35, 36
and 41 of the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (As
amended)
__________________
Page 181 of 193

Eyeke Kenneth& Co.

24 Abacha Street
FOR SERVICE ON:

1ST Respondent
Abuja
2nd Respondent
Abuja
Affidavit in Support of Application

HOLDEN AT LAGOS
SUIT NO: ................

AND
BETWEEN
AND
AFFIDAVIT IN SUPPORT OF APPLICATION

I, Mrs. Igwe Frances U, female, Medical practitioner, Nigerian of No 16, Holy
ghost Avenue, Ikeja, Lagos do make oath and state as follows:
Page 182 of 193

1. I am the wife of the Applicant and by virtue of which I am conversant with the
facts of this case.
2. I have the consent and authority of the applicant to depose to this affidavit on
his behalf
3. The Applicant is in the Federal prisons, Abuja by virtue of which he is unable
to depose to this Affidavit himself
4. On the 10th of October, 2020, the Applicant was arrested by men of security
forces (F-SARS) under the authority of the 1st Respondent
5. The Applicant told me and I believe it to be true that:
(a) He was never informed of the reasons for his arrest and detention
(b) He was tortured throughout the detention to give out some name of the
Applicant’s friends
6. The Applicant was never charged before any court of law for over 50 days
after his arrest
7. The efforts to get a Legal representation for the Applicant were frustrated as
the men of security forces threatened the Legal practitioner employed for the
Applicant, through a letter dated 31st day of October, 2020 to withdraw from
the case, which she forcefully obliged. A copy of the Letter is attached to this
affidavit and marked EXHIBIT A
8. The Applicant was charged with terrorism and attempting to overthrow the
government
9. That the trial of the Accused was conducted by Mr. Archibong Edet who is
the son to the Minister of Justice and a close friend to the President
10. The Applicant was not represented by any Legal practitioner throughout the
entire trial
11. The trial was conducted in the absence of the Applicant
12. The Applicant was found guilty of all charges and sentenced to 20 years
imprisonment with hard labour.
13. Since then, the Applicant has been held in an over-crowded prison and
confined to a cell with a 250 watt electric bulb left on day and night under the
authority of the 2nd Respondent
14. I depose to this affidavit in good faith believing its content to be true and in
accordance with the Oaths Act.
_____________
DEPONENT
SWORN TO AT THE FEDERAL HIGH COURT REGISTRY
Page 183 of 193

THIS 5TH DAY OF JANUARY, 2021
BEFORE ME
_____________________________________
Written Address in Support of Application

HOLDEN AT LAGOS
SUIT NO: ................

AND
BETWEEN
AND
APPLICANT’S WRITTEN ADDRESS IN SUPPORT OF THE APPLICATION

1.0 INTRODUCTION
2.0 This is an Application brought pursuant to Order 2 Rule 3 of the
Fundamental Rights (Enforcement Procedure) Rule, 1999 for a redress of the
breach of his fundamental rights. The application is supported by a Statement
containing the Name and particulars of the Applicant, Reliefs sought and
grounds for reliefs sought. The application is also supported by a 14
paragraphs affidavit.
3.0 FACTS RELEVANT TO THE APPLICATION
Page 184 of 193

4.0 On the 10th of October, 2020, the Applicant was arrested by the security
forces (F-SARS) acting under the authority of the 1st Respondent and taken
to the Divisional Police Headquarters for questioning. No reason for the arrest
was given to the Applicant. In the detention, the Applicant was tortured
severally to obtain confessions from him.
5.0 The Applicant obtained the services of a Legal practitioner, who was
however forced to withdraw from the case by the security forces through a
threat letter dated 31st of October, 2020.
5.1 The Applicant was charged before Mr. Archibong Edet whose father is
currently the Minister of Justice and a very close friend of Mr. President who
has an interest in the case evidenced from his speech in a news conference
on the 13th of November, 2020 where he said he hoped that the Applicant
would be given a long and harsh sentence so that people like him would learn
a lesson.
5.2 The Applicant was not represented by a legal practitioner at all throughout the
trial and trial was also held in his absence. The Applicant was found guilty on
all the charges, convicted and sentenced to 17 years imprisonment with hard
labour and was taken to one of the most over-crowded prisons and confined
to a 250 watt electric bulb left on day and night.
6.0 ISSUES FOR DETERMINATION

6.1 Whether in the circumstances of the case, the arrest and detention of the
Applicant for over 50 days without being charged to a court does not
constitute a breach of the fundamental human right of the accused to
personal liberty and freedom of movement by the 1st Respondent.
6.2 Whether the failure to inform the Applicant of the reason for his arrest does
not constitute a breach of the Applicant’s fundamental human right to fair
hearing.
6.3 Whether the torture carried out on the Applicant does not amount to breach
of his fundament human right to dignity of human person
6.4 Whether the threat to the legal practitioner of the Applicant on the authority
of the 1st Respondent resulting in her forceful withdrawal from the case is
not a breach of the fundamental human right of the accused to fair hearing
6.5 Whether in the circumstances of the case, the trial of the case against the
Applicant by Mr. Archibong Edet is not a breach of the fundamental human
right of the accused to fair hearing
Page 185 of 193

6.6 Whether in the circumstances of the case, the trial of the Applicant where he
is not represented by a legal practitioner is not a breach of his fundamental
human right to fair hearing
6.7 Whether the trial of the Applicant in his absence is not a breach of his
fundamental human right to fair hearing
6.8 Whether the imprisonment of the accused in an over-crowded prison and his
confinement to a cell with 250 watt electric bulb left on day and night is not a
breach of his fundamental human right to dignity of human person
7.0 ARGUEMENTS
7.1 ISSUE ONE
7.1.1 My Lord, the Applicant in the affidavit deposed on his behalf by Mrs. Igwe
Frances U. stated in paragraphs 4 and 6 that the applicant was arrested by
the men of the security forces on the 10th of October, 2020 and was detained
for over 50 days without being charged to court
7.1.2 My Lord, it is the provision of section 35(1) CFRN guarantee the right of a
person to personal liberty. Section 35 (4) CFRN provides for where a person
in arrested for a criminal trial, such person should be brought before a court
of law within a reasonable period which by virtue of section 35(5) CFRN is
24 or 48 hours as the case may be.
7.1.3 It is our submission that detaining the Applicant for a period of over 40 days
without bringing him before a court of law is contrary to the provisions of the
constitution and therefore unlawful amounting to a breach of the fundamental
human right of the accused
7.2 ISSUE TWO
7.2.1 The Applicant in the affidavit supporting this application sworn on his behalf
by Mrs. Igwe Frances U. in paragraph 5 stated that he was never informed of
the reasons for his arrest and detention.
7.2.2 My Lord, the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999(as
amended) stated in Section 36(6)(a) that any person charged with a criminal
offence must be informed promptly and in details the nature of the offence he
is alleged to have committed. In the case of Maja v State (1980) 1 NCR 212
the court held that such person must be informed at the time of his arrest and
not later than when he was arraigned
7.2.3 It is therefore our submission my Lord, that the failure of the accused to be
informed about the offence alleged is a breach of his fundamental human
right.
Page 186 of 193

7.3 ISSUE THREE

7.3.1 My Lord, the affidavit in support of the Application stated in paragraph 5 that
the Applicant was severely tortured under the authority of the 1st Respondent
in order to give confessions and implicate some other persons
7.3.2 My Lords, Section 34(1)(a) CFRN stated that no person shall be subjected to
torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment as every individual is entitled to
respect for the dignity of human person.
7.3.3 My Lord, it is our submission that the torture carried out on the Applicant
under the authority of the 1st Respondent is a breach of the fundamental
human right of the Applicant as enshrined under the constitution
7.4 ISSUE FOUR
7.4.1 My Lord, the affidavit in support of the Application stated in paragraph 7 that
the efforts to get a Legal representation for the Applicant were frustrated as
the men of security forces threatened the Legal practitioner employed for the
Applicant, through a letter dated 31st day of October, 2020 to withdraw from
the case, which she forcefully obliged.
7.4.2 My Lord, Section 36 (6)(c) CFRN provides that a person charged with a
criminal offence shall be entitled to defend himself in person or by legal
practitioners of his own choice. See also Udozinma v COP (1982) 1 NCR 27
7.4.3 It is therefore our submission that by causing the forceful withdrawal of the
legal practitioner employed representing the applicant under the authority of
the 1st Respondent, there is a breach of the Applicant fundamental human
right to have a defence counsel representing him.
7.5 ISSUE FIVE
7.5.1 My Lord the affidavit in support of the Application stated in paragraph 9 that
the Trial was conducted by Mr. Archibong Edet, who is a son to the Minister
of Justice and a friend to the President who has a personal interest in the
case.
7.5.2 My Lords, it has been a principle of law guaranteed by the provision of
Section 36 (4) CFRN that a person charged with a criminal offence must be
afforded fair hearing in public. Also, it is a generally accepted principle of the
law that justice must not only be done, but must be manifestly seen to have
been done. The Supreme Court in the case of Garba & Ors v University of
Maiduguri (1986) 2SC held that if a Judge presides over a case in which he
has an interest, his decision will be nullified and it is immaterial that he was
not actually biased.
Page 187 of 193

7.5.3 From the above flows the conclusion my Lord, that the fundamental human
right of the accused to fair hearing was breached when he stood a trial which
was adjudicated upon by a Judge who had an interest on the case.
7.6 ISSUE SIX
7.6.1 My Lords, it was established in the affidavit in support of the Application in
paragraph 10 that the Applicant was never represented once by a legal
practitioner, either or his choice or otherwise, throughout the entire course of
the proceedings
7.6.2 My Lord, Section 36 (6)(c) CFRN provides that a person charged with a
criminal offence shall be entitled to defend himself in person or by legal
practitioners of his own choice. See Awolowo & Ors v Minister of Internal
Affairs & Ors (1962) LLR 177. See also Udozinma v COP (1982) 1 NCR 27
7.6.3 It is therefore our submission that since the Applicant was denied
representation of a legal practitioner during the entire course of his trial, there
is a breach of his fundamental human right as provided for in the Constitution
of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, 1999 (as amended)
7.7 ISSUE SEVEN
7.7.1 The affidavit in support of the application in paragraph 11 stated the fact that
the trial was conducted in the absence of the accused throughout the entire
proceedings
7.7.2 Following the decision of the court in the case of Adeoye v State (1999) 4
S.C (Pt 11) 67, trial in absentia is unknown to our law in Nigeria. As such,
any person who is charged with a criminal offence must attend his trial from
the day he is arraigned to the day he is sentenced. Failure to ensure the
presence of the accused at trial is a breach of his fundamental human right to
fair hearing.
7.7.3 The above principle of law points to our submission that having failed to
ensure the presence of the Applicant in the entire trial, that is, conducting the
trial in the absence of the Applicant at the trial is a breach of the fundamental
human right of the accused.
7.8 ISSUE EIGHT
7.8.1 In the affidavit in support of the Application, it was stated in paragraphs 12
and 13 that the Applicant was convicted and sentenced to 18 years
imprisonment with hard labour and that the Applicant has been held in an
over-crowded prison and confined to a cell with a 250 watt electric bulb left
on day and night under the authority of the 2nd Respondent
Page 188 of 193

7.8.2 My Lords, Section 34(1)(a) CFRNstated that no person shall be subjected to

torture or to inhuman or degrading treatment as every individual is entitled to
respect for the dignity of human person
7.8.3 My Lords, putting the Applicant in an overcrowded prison and confinement to
a cell with a 250 watt electric bulb left on day and night under the authority of
the 2nd Respondent is a breach of the fundamental human right of the
Applicant
8.0 CONCLUSION
My Lord, we humbly submit that this Honourable court grants the reliefs sought
by the Applicant for the following:
1. Declaration that the arrest and detention of the Applicant by the 1st
Respondent on the 10th of October, 2020 is unconstitutional, null and
void and a breach of the fundamental human right of the Applicant
2. Declaration that detaining the Applicant without formally informing him of
the reasons for his arrest is unconstitutional and a breach of the
3. Declaration that the torture carried out on the Applicant by the 1st
4. Declaration that the refusal to charge the Applicant for any offence before
a court of law for over 50 days is unconstitutional and a breach of the
5. Declaration that the threat on Ms. Okwuru Success, the Legal practitioner
representing the Applicant resulting in the withdrawal of the said Ms.
Okwuru from further representing the Applicant by the 1st Respondent is
Applicant.
6. Declaration that the trial, conviction and sentencing of the Applicant is
Applicant
7. Declaration that the imprisonment of the Applicant in an over-crowded
prison and confinement to a cell with a 250 watt electric bulb left on day
and night by the 2nd Respondent is unconstitutional and a breach of the
8. An order compelling 2nd Respondent to release the Applicant from the
prison and confinement forthwith
Page 189 of 193

9. Damages in tune of ₦350,000,000.00 (Three-hundred and fifty Million

naira) for unlawful arrest, detention, torture
6.0 LIST OF AUTHORITIES
6.1 CASES
1. MAJA V STATE (1980) 1 NCR 212
2. UDOZINMA V COP (1982) 1 NCR 27
3. AWOLOWO & ORS V MINISTER OF INTERNAL AFFAIRS & ORS (1962)
LLR
4. ADEOYE V STATE (1999) 4 S.C (PT 11) 67
5. GARBA & ORS V UNIVERSITY OF MAIDUGURI (1986) 2SC
6.2 STATUTES
1. CONSTITUTION OF THE FEDERAL REPUUBLIC OF NIGERIA, 1999 AS
AMEMDED
__________________
Eyeke Kenneth& Co.
24 Abacha Street
FOR SERVICE ON:

1ST Respondent
Abuja
2nd Respondent
Abuja
Page 190 of 193

Suing on behalf of the Applicant
IN THE HIGH COURT OF KANO STATE

IN THE KANO JUDICIAL DIVISION
HOLDEN AT KANO
SUIT NO: ................
AND
IN THE MATTER OF AN APPLICATION BY INCORPORATED TRUSTEES OF
CITIZEN RIGHTS OF NIGERIA SUING FOR AND ON BEHALF OF
EMMANUEL SIMON WEBBA FOR AN ORDER OF ENFORCEMENT OF
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
BETWEEN
CITIZEN RIGHTS OF NIGERIA.……………………………………....APPLICANT
(SUING FOR AND ON BEHALF OF EMMANUEL SIMON WEBBA)
AND
1. THE NIGERIAN POLICE FORCE.....................................1ST RESPONDENT
2. DEPARTMENT OF STATE SECURITY...........................2ND RESPONDENT
3. ATTORNEY GENERAL OF KANO STATE………………3RD RESPONDENT
WEEK 20 NONLINE ASSIGNMENT on Enforcement of Fundamental Rights

Scenario:
Mr. Rabiu Bello, graduated from the Nigerian Law School in 2012 and started
practice in Kano under Rabo and Rabo Chambers. With interests in politics, Mr.
Rabiu. spends most of his time in PRR headquarters, a political party which
believes in the use of force to overthrow the government if democratic principles
fail.
On the 12th of July, 2019 Mr. Rabiu Bello was suspected of planning to overthrow
the government and was taken to Mushroom police headquarters, Kano for
questioning, detained there for days and taken to DSS’ office in Abuja for further
interrogation. Many weeks after his arrests, no clear reasons are formally given
Page 191 of 193

for his arrest. Several weeks after his arrest some of his friends who disappeared
after having been picked up by the police are believed to have been implicated
by Mr. Rabiu Bello after been tortured by the security forces. One of them was
his close friend, Musa Anthony whose wife Barakat Anthony, a staff of Kano
campus of Nigerian Law School, delivered a bouncing baby just few weeks ago.
Anthony was last seen when picked by the men of DSS Kano office and all
appeals by his counsel to either release him or arraign him have been in vain
Mr. Sani Aminu. who is Mr. Rabiu’s childhood friend came to the rescue of Mr.
Rabiu’s family by engaging the services of Ms. Queen Ajayi. a renowned lawyer
and human rights defender to defend Mr. Rabiu. However, she received a letter
from the state security that in her own interest she should withdraw from the case
or else she would be charged together with Mr. Rabiu for terrorism. She
forcefully withdrew from the case the next morning.
Mr. Rabiu was just few weeks ago arraigned before a court and sentenced to
death by hanging. Nevertheless, as a condemned person, he was taken to one of
the most over crowded prisons and confined to a cell with a 250 – watt electric
bulb left on day and night. He is also being taken out almost three times a week
to the Comptroller of Prison’s and other prison official’s houses for domestic
work, cutting of fire wood and laundry works. He is right now suffering from
pneumonia and severe fever. As the prison doesn’t have any medical facilities,
the heath condition of Mr. Rabiu is everyday deteriorating
1. Enumerate the rights violated in respect of Mr. Rabiu, Ms. Queen and Mr. Musa
2. Draft separate applications for the enforcement of fundamental rights of:
a. Mr. Rabiu Bello
b. and Mr. Musa Anthony
3. Which court has jurisdiction in respect of the cases in (2) above
4. Assuming, the cases were supposed to be filed in the state high court, but the
court discovers it doesn’t have jurisdiction, what is the appropriate steps to be
taken
5. Does a condemned man have any further enforceable rights, state your answer
with reasons
6. Assuming you are to raise issue of jurisdiction, enumerate the processes to be
filed in court
7. Assuming Ms. Queen was being threatened by the DSS and she went into hiding
and as her counsel you want to enforce her fundamental rights, what the first
appropriate steps you will take in the circumstances
Page 192 of 193

8. Enumerate the processes you will file in (7) above

9. In human rights cases, are there any further remedial avenues, in addition to or
after the Supreme Court

Eyekekennethsamuel@gmail.com
08102959631
Page 193 of 193

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NLS SAMPLE DRAFTS ON CIVIL LITIGATION

EYEKE KENNETH SAMUEL

1. (Week 3) General Overview of Civil Litigation - 3

2. (Week 4) Parties to a Civil Action - 5

3. (Week 5) Preliminary Matters: Pre-action Issue And

4. (Week 6) Commencement of Action in High Court - 37

5. (Week 7) Interlocutory Application - 46

6. (Week 8) Summary judgment and judgment by default - 59

8. (Week 10) Pre-Trial Issues and Pre-trial proceedings - 90

9. (Week 11) Trial Preparation and Evidence - 109

10. (Week 12) Trial Preparation and Evidence II - 111

11. (Week 13) Trial: Examination of Witness - 111

12. (Week 14) Closing/Final Address and Judgment - 114

14. ( Week 16) Appeals in Civil Matters - 134

15. (Week 17) Recovery of Possession of Premises - 143

16. (Week 18) Election Petition - 149

17. (Week 19 Matrimonial Causes - 159

18. (Week 20) Enforcement of Fundamental Rights - 177

RulesRules of the various

ETHICAL ISSUES ARISING FROM IMPROPER USE OF THE RULES OF

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA

(An infant, defending by his guardian, ADAMS EKPO)…………….DEFENDANT

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Trustees, Executors and Administrators (Estate of a Deceased)

IN THE HIGH COURT OF EBONYI STATE

Sample Draft: Action by an Administrator

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Sample Draft: Action by an Executor

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Incorporated Bodies and Unincorporated Associations

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Business Name: a registered business name is not a body corporate and

IN THE HIGH COURT OF THE FEDERAL CAPITAL TERRITORY, ABUJA

Bankrupts and Companies under Liquidation: A bankrupt has legal capacity

Sample Draft: Action by Trustee in Bankruptcy

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Sample Draft: Action by a Liquidator

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

Application for leave is by Motion Ex parte as follows :

BROUGHT PURSUANT TO ORDER 15 RULE 13 (1) OF THE HIGH COURT

Dated this _______ day of ______________, 2021

Sample Draft: application for joinder as co-claimant/co-plaintiff in Lagos and

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS/FCT ABUJA

Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021

Sample Draft: application for joinder as co-defendant in Lagos and Abuja

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS/FCT ABUJA

Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021

Dated this ________ day of ____________, 2021

FOR SERVICE ON:

THIRD PARTY PROCEEDINGS

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS STATE

VICTOR EZE….…………………...….THIRD PARTY SOUGHT TO BE JOINED

Dated this _______day of ___________, 2021

NOTE: it is a motion ex parte, so no address for service .

WEEK 4 TASKS: LAGOS CAMPUS

i. CAUSE OF ACTION: A cause of action is simply a factual situation, the existence of

How to Raise Preliminary Objection

Sample Draft: Notice of Preliminary Objection

IN THE HIGH COURT OF LAGOS

Dated this _ day of ________, 2021

Dated this day of ____, 2021

Dated this day of ____, 2021

Dated this day of ____, 2021

Dated this _day of _____, 2021

Dated this day of ____, 2021

Dated this _ day of __________, 2020

Dated this _day of ____, 2020

Dated this Day of ________, 2020

Dated this day of ________, 2020