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    1. Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce the effect of the stress. 2. Kc expressions were provided for the reactions: 3 NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g) and CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) → CS2(g) + 4 H2(g). For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g), Kc was calculated using concentrations given for an equilibrium mixture. 3. For the reaction 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NO

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    Si 2

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    1. Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce the effect of the stress. 2. Kc expressions were provided for the reactions: 3 NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g) and CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) → CS2(g) + 4 H2(g). For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g), Kc was calculated using concentrations given for an equilibrium mixture. 3. For the reaction 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NO

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    SI-2

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    1. Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce the effect of the stress. 2. Kc expressions were provided for the reactions: 3 NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g) and CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) → CS2(g) + 4 H2(g). For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g), Kc was calculated using concentrations given for an equilibrium mixture. 3. For the reaction 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NO

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    21 views3 pages

    Si 2

    Uploaded by

    sgwala892
    1. Le Châtelier's principle states that if a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the equilibrium position will shift to reduce the effect of the stress. 2. Kc expressions were provided for the reactions: 3 NO(g) → N2O(g) + NO2(g) and CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g) → CS2(g) + 4 H2(g). For the reaction CO(g) + 2 H2(g) → CH3OH(g), Kc was calculated using concentrations given for an equilibrium mixture. 3. For the reaction 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g) → 2NO

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    Chem 120 SI Vuyo 09 September 2023

    Chemical equilibrium

    1. State Le Châtelier’s Principle


    2. Write the expression for Kc for the following reactions.
    a. 3 NO(g) N2O(g) + NO2(g)

    b. CH4(g) + 2 H2S(g)  CS2(g) + 4 H2(g)

    Methanol (CH3OH) is produced commercially by the catalyzed reaction of carbon


    monoxide and hydrogen: An equilibrium mixture in a 2.00 L vessel is found to contain
    0.0406 mol CH3OH, 0.170 mol CO, and 0.302 mol H2 at 500 K. Calculate Kc at this
    temperature. CO(g) + 2 H2(g)  CH3OH(g).

    3. The equilibrium of 2 NO(g) + Cl2(g)  2NOCl (g), is established at 500 K. An equilibrium

    mixture of the three gases has partial pressures of 0.095 atm, 0.171 atm, and 0.28 atm for
    NO, Cl2, and NOCl, respectively.
    a. Calculate Kp for this reaction at 500.0 K
    b. If the vessel has a volume of 5.00 L, calculate Kc at this temperature.
    4. A mixture of 0.10 mol of NO, 0.050 mol of H2, and 0.10 mol of H2O is placed in a 1.0-L
    vessel at 300 K. The following equilibrium is established: At equilibrium, [NO] = 0.062 M
    2 NO(g) + 2 H2(g)  N2(g) + 2 H2O(g)

    a. Calculate the equilibrium concentrations of H2, N2, and H2O


    b. Calculate Kc.
    5. How does a reaction quotient differ from an equilibrium constant?
    6. At 1273 K the equilibrium constant for the reaction COCl2(g)  CO(g) + Cl2(g) is 2.19x10-
    10
    Are the following mixtures of COCl2, CO, and Cl2 at at equilibrium? If not, indicate the
    direction that the reaction must proceed to achieve equilibrium.
    a. [COCl2] = 2.00 x10-3 M [CO] = 3.3 x10-6 M [Cl2] = 6.62 x10-6 M

    Phase chemistry and colligative properties


    1. Define the following terms.
    a. Mole fraction and Molality
    b. Tripple point
    c. Raoult’s Law and show equation.
    2. The density of acetonitrile (CH3CN) is 0.786 g/mL and the density of methanol (CH3OH)
    is 0.791 g/mL. A solution is made by dissolving 22.5 mL CH3OH in 98.7 mL CH3CN.
    a. What is the mole fraction of methanol in the solution?
    b. What is the molality of the solution?
    3. Calculate the number of moles of solute present in each of the following aqueous solutions.
    a. 600 mL of 0.250 M SrBr2.
    b. 86.4 g of 0.180 m KCl.
    4. Brass is a substitutional alloy consisting of a solution of copper and zinc. A particular
    sample of red brass consisting of 80 % Cu and 20 % Zn by mass has a density of 8750
    Kg/m3. What is the molality of Zn in the solid solution?
    5. How does increasing the concentration of a non-volatile solute in water affect the following
    properties:
    a. vapor pressure
    b. boiling point
    c. Osmotic pressure
    6. Calculate the vapor pressure of water above a solution prepared by adding 22.5 g of lactose
    (C12H22O11) to 200.0 g of water at 338 K. Vapor pressure of water at 338 K = 187.5 torr
    7. At 63.5 ᵒC, the vapor pressure of H2O is 175 torr, and that of ethanol (C2H5OH) is 400 torr.
    A solution is made by mixing equal masses of H2O and C2H5OH.
    a. What is the mole fraction of ethanol in the solution?
    b. Assuming ideal-solution behaviour, what is the vapor pressure of the solution at
    63.5 ᵒC?

    Acids & Base + Buffers

    1. What is the difference between the Arrhenius and the Brønsted–Lowry definitions of an
    acid?
    2. Give the conjugate base of the following Brønsted–Lowry acids:
    a. HCOOH
    b. HPO42-
    3. The hydrogen oxalate ion (HC2O4-) is amphiprotic.Write a balanced chemical equation
    showing how it acts as an acid toward water and another equation showing how it acts as a
    base toward water.
    4. Lactic acid (CH3CH(OH)COOH) has one acidic hydrogen. A 0.10 M solution of lactic acid
    has a pH of 2.44. Calculate Ka.
    5. If a solution of HF has a pH of 3.65, calculate the concentration of hydrofluoric acid. Ka =
    6.8 x10-4
    6. Calculate the molar concentration of OH- ions in a 0.075 M solution of ethylamine
    (C2H5NH2; Kb = 6.4 x10-6) What is the pH of this solution?
    7. What is the pH of a solution made by mixing 0.30 mol NaOH, 0.25 mol Na2HPO4, and 0.20
    mol H3PO4 with water and diluting to 1.00 L?
    8. A sample of 0.2140 g of an unknown monoprotic acid was dissolved in 25.0 mL of water
    and titrated with 0.0950 M NaOH. The acid required 27.4 mL of base to reach the
    equivalence point.
    a. What is the molar mass of the acid?
    b. After 15.0 mL of base had been added in the titration, the pH was found to be 6.50.
    What is the Ka for the unknown acid?
    9. How many microliters of 1.000 M NaOH solution must be added to 25.00 mL of a 0.1000
    M solution of lactic acid [CH3CH(OH)COOH or HC3H5O3] to produce a buffer with pH =
    3.75?

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