Book - 278 1

daviT qaTamaZe UDC (uak) 338.48+796.
5
q-161
guliko qaTamaZe
wigni rekomendebulia saxelmZRvanelod baTumis SoTa rusTavelis
saxelmwifo universitetis akademiuri sabWos mier
(oqmi №30. 01.03.2012).
naSromi Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan. I nawilSi gan-

xilulia saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriul-meTodologiuri sa-
fuZvlebi, misi ganviTarebis istoriuli aspeqti, Tanamedrove
mdgomareoba da strategiuli mimarTulebani. amave nawilSi gaa-
nalizebulia samamulo ekonomikis ganviTarebaze saerTaSoriso
turizmis zemoqmedeba. II nawilSi Seswavlilia msoflios sxva-
dasxva qveynis turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi da bunebriv-
klimaturi pirobebi, maTi turistuli infrastruqtura, istori-
ul-kulturuli Zeglebi. III nawilSi dasaxulia saerTaSoriso
turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis perspeqtivebi, gamovleni-
lia am sferoSi arsebuli problemebi da dasaxulia maTi, qvey-
saerTaSoriso turizmi nis erovnuli interesebis Sesabamisad, gadaWris gzebi. saxel-
mZRvanelo gankuTvnilia turizmis specialobis studentebisaT-
vis, saerTaSoriso turizmis sakiTxebiT dainteresebuli farTo
sazogadoebisaTvis.
_ saxelmZRvanelo _
(meore Sevsebuli gamocema)
redaqtori: rostom beriZe - ekonomikis doqtori, baTumis

Sოთა rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis
turizmis fakultetis dekani,
sruli profesori.
recenzentebi: paata Caganava - ekonomikis doqtori, baTu-

mis Sოთა rusTavelis saxelmwifo universitetis
turizmis fakultetis asocirebuli profesori.
eka baxtaZe - ekonomikis doqtori
gamomcemloba
`baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~
baTumi _ 2013 ISBN 978-9941-434-53-2
© `baTumis SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti~ _ 2013
1 2
The book is recommended by academic senate of Shota Rustaveli state
DAVID KATAMADZE university (meeting report №30, 01.03.2012).
GULIKO KATAMADZE The work includes three main parts. In the first part there’s considered the the-
oretical-methodological bases of international tourism, the historical aspect of its de-
velopment, the modern status and strategic directions. In the same part, there is con-
sidered also the influence of an international tourism on a native economic. In the
second part there is studied the tourist resources and natural climate term of different
countries of the World, their climates, infrastructure, historical and cultural sculptu-
res. In the third part there is made it one’s aim in the international tourism the per-
spectives of Georgian integration, manifested problems which are in this sphere and
plan how to settle ways in the interests of country nation. This book is recommended
for a bachelor faculty of tourism and magistracy. It’s requested people who are inte-
rested in international tourism materials.
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
Editor: Doctor of Economics, Dean of Tourism Faculty of Shota Rustaveli
State University, Full Professor - Rostom Beridze
Reviewers: Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor of Tourism Faculty,

Shota Rustaveli State University - Paata Chaganava
Doctor of Economics - Eka Baxtadze
Publishing House
Batumi Shota Rustaveli State University
Batumi - 2013
3 4
mokle Sinaarsi Sinaarsi
Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

nawili I. saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriuli safuZvlebi ------
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27 nawili I. saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriuli safuZvlebi ------
Tavi 1. saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriul-meTodologiuri ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
safuZvlebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
Tavi 2. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis istoria da Tavi 1. saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriul-meTodologiuri
Tanamedrove mdgomareoba ------------------------------------------------ 71 safuZvlebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 28
Tavi 3. saerTaSoriso turizmis infrastruqtura -------------------- 109 saerTaSoriso turizmis arsi da saxeebi ----------------------------------- 29
Tavi 4. saerTaSoriso turizmis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyo- saerTaSoriso turizmis maxasiaTebeli niSnebi da Tavisebureba-
fa -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 ni ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Tavi 5. saerTaSoriso turizmis roli msoflio ekonomikis saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis principebi da pirobebi,
ganviTarebaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 184 masze moqmedi faqtorebi ---------------------------------------------------- 36
Tavi 6. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi --------- saerTaSoriso turizmis Seswavlis meTodologiuri safuZvlebi
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 212 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 41
nawili II. msoflio turistuli resursebis geografia ------------ saerTaSoriso turizmis Semswavleli Teoriebi ----------------------- 45
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 232 saerTaSoriso turizmis marketinguli koncefcia -------------------- 49
Tavi 7. turistuli qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi --- saerTaSoriso turizmis gavlena qveynis ekonomikis ganviTareba-
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233 ze ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 54
Tavi 8. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi ev- saerTaSoriso turizmis multiplikaciuri efeqti ------------------- 62
ropaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 250 reziume -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67
Tavi 9. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebani ame- ZiriTadi terminologia -------------------------------------------------- 69
rikaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69
Tavi 10. azia-wynari okeanis regionis turistuli potenciali ----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 502 Tavi 2. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis istoria da Tana-
Tavi 11. axlo aRmosavleTis regionis turistuli potenciali --- medrove mdgomareoba ---------------------------------------------------------- 71
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 551 saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis istoria ------------------------- 72
Tavi 12. samxreT aziis turistuli potenciali ----------------------- 591 saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove tendenciebi --
Tavi 13. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebani af- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81
rikis qveynebSi ---------------------------------------------------------------- 637 saerTaSoriso turizmis daubalanseblobis problema Tanamed-
nawili III. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtive- rove etapze -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 89
bi saqarTveloSi ----------------------------------------------------------- 693 Tanamedrove msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis dinamika ------------ 92
Tavi 14. saqarTvelos turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi da maTi saerTaSoriso turizmi da racionaluri bunebaTsargeblobis
samarTlebrivi regulireba ------------------------------------------- 694 problemebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98
Tavi 15. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mdgomareoba sa- garemos dacvis problematika Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turiz-
qarTveloSi --------------------------------------------------------------------- 761 mSi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100
Tavi 16. saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
problemebi da perspeqtivebi ----------------------------------------- 823 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------- 107
daskvna -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 108
gamoyenebuli literatura -------------------------------------------- 887
5 6
Tavi 3. saerTaSoriso turizmis infrastruqtura -------------------- 109 saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc mdgradi regionuli ganviTare-
turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebaTa (sastumroTa) organizeba --- bis dargi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 190
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 110 turizmi, rogorc CamorCenil dargTa ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi
sastumroTa klasifikacia momsaxurebis mixedviT -------------------- 114 faqtori ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 194
sakurorto tipis sastumroTa qselis organizacia ----------------- 118 turizmi, rogorc depresiuli raionebis ganviTarebis xelSem-
sastumroTa momsaxurebis klasifikacia da sastumro nomrebis wyobi faqtori -------------------------------------------------------------------- 197
serTificireba -------------------------------------------------------------------- 122 turizmi, rogorc sasoflo, sazRvrispira da axali dasaxlebis
saerTaSoriso turistuli industriis ganviTarebis problemebi raionTa ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtori---------------------201
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 128 turizmi, rogorc ekonomikuri integraciisa da globalizaciis
sadazRvevo sistemis roli msoflio turizmis ganviTarebaSi ----- gamomwvevi faqtori ------------------------------------------------------------ 205
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 137 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 208
sahaero transportiT turistebis momsaxurebis upiratesobani --- ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 211
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 142 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 211
sarkinigzo transportiT turistebis gadayvanis upiratesobani --
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 147 Tavi 6. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi ----212
wylisa da avtotransportiT turistebis gadayvanis SesaZleb- saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiuli ganviTarebis mimarTule-
lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 151 bani -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213
reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 156 saerTaSoriso turistuli industriis ganviTarebis perspeqtive-
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 158 bi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 218
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 158 saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiuli ganviTarebis motivatore-
bi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 221
Tavi 4. saerTaSoriso turizmis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofa -- saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiul ganviTarebaze moqmedi faq-
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 160 torebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226
saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis ZiriTadi wesebi da formalobani ---- reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 227
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 161 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 229
saerTaSoriso turizmis maregulirebeli organizaciebi --------165 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 230
turizmis msoflio organizaciis daarsebis winapirobebi, mizne-
bi da amocanebi ------------------------------------------------------------------ 172 nawili II.msoflio turistuli resursebis geografia ---------232
turizmis msoflio organizaciis generaluri asamblea ----------175
Tavi 7. turistuli qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi ---
reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 179
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 181
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- -----182 turistuli kompleqsis rekreaciuli potenciali ------------------- 234
saerTaSoriso turizmis roli qveynis ekonomikuri krizisidan
Tavi 5. saerTaSoriso turizmis roli msoflio ekonomikis gan- gamosvlaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 238
viTarebaSi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184 Tanamedrove msoflios turistuli regionalizacia -------------- 241
saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc erovnuli interesebis dacvis reziume ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 247
saSualeba --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 185 ZiriTadi terminologia ----------------------------------------------- 248
testebi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248
saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc ekonomikis dargobrivi struq-
turis srulyofis faqtori ---------------------------------------------- 187
Tavi 8. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi
evropaSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 250
7 8
evrokavSiris roli msoflio turizmis ganviTarebaSi ----------- 251 xorvatiis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------------------- 343
centraluri evropis turistuli potenciali ------------------------- 253 xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis turistuli potenciali --------------- 347
alpuri qveynebis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------------- 253 monakos turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ----------------------------------- 347
germaniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi -------------------------------- 253 maltis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------------ 349
Sveicariis turistuli resursebi --------------------------------------------- 258 CrdiloeT evropis turistuli potenciali ----------------------------- 352
avstriis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------------------------- 261 fineTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyeneba --------------- 352
lixtenStainis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------ 266 SvedeTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleb-
sloveniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------------------------ 268 lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 356
viSegradis qveynebis turistuli potenciali -------------------------- 271 norvegiis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyeneba ------------ 361
poloneTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis SesaZ- daniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------------------------------- 364
leblobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 271 islandiis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------------------------ 367
CexeTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyeneba ---------------- 278 turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi baltiispireTis qveynebSi
slovakeTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis SesaZ- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 370
leblobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------- 282 latviis turistuli potenciali da misi amoqmedeba -------------- 371
ungreTis turistuli potenciali da misi upiratesoba -----------284 litvis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi --------------- 373
dasavleT evropis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------ 286 estoneTis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi ---------- 377
safrangeTis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani --------------------------- 287 aRmosavleT evropis turistuli potenciali -------------------------- 379
didi britaneTis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------- 295 ruseTis turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi da bunebriv-klima-
beniluqsis qveynebis turistuli potenciali ------------------------- 298 turi pirobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------- 380
belgiisa da niderlandis turistuli potenciali ----------------- 298 ukrainis turistuli resursebi ------------------------------------------------- 404
luqsemburgis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------- 301 moldovis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------------------- 407
samxreT evropis turistuli potenciali --------------------------------- 302 kavkasiis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi ------------ 408
pireneis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis turistuli saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi amierkavkasi-
potenciali ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 302 is qveynebSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 410
espaneTis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani -------------------------------- 302 CrdiloeT kavkasiis turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali---------415
portugaliis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------------- 309 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 417
andoras turistuli resursebi -------------------------------------------------- 312 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 421
gibraltaris turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani -------------------------- 313 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 421
apeninis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis turistuli
potenciali ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 315 Tavi 9. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebani ame-
italiis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani da bunebriv-rekreaciu- rikaSi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421
li resursebi --------------------------------------------------------------------- 315 CrdiloeT amerikis regionis turistuli potenciali ----------- 424
san-marinos juja respublikis turistuli potenciali ----------327 amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis turistuli potenciali ----------424
vatikanis turistuli potenciali --------------------------------------------- 329 kanadis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleb-
balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis turistuli potenciali -- lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 434
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 330 meqsikis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi -------------- 442
rumineTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyeneba ------------ 331 grenlandiis turistuli potenciali --------------------------------------- 453
bulgareTis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------------------- 334 centraluri amerikis turistuli potenciali ------------------------ 455
serbeTisa da montenegros turistuli potenciali ---------------- 337 panamis turistuli potenciali da misi amoqmedebis Tavisebure-
saberZneTis turistuli potenciali ----------------------------------------- 339 bani ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 455
9 10
belizisa da kosta-rikas turistuli potenciali ------------------ 458 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 549
karibis teritoriebisa da kunZulovan saxelmwifoTa turistu- testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 550
li potenciali ----------------------------------------------------------------- 461
bahamis kunZulebisa da kubis turistuli potenciali ---------- 461 Tavi 11. axlo aRmosavleTis regionis turistuli potenciali ---
dominikelTa respublikis turistuli potenciali ---------------- 467 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 551
iamaikisa da barbadosis turistuli potenciali -------------------- 468 arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebisa da omanis turistuli po-
samxreT amerikis turistuli potenciali da misi amoqmedebis tenciali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 551
SesaZleblobebi ----------------------------------------------------------------- 471 saudis arabeTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis sa-
braziliis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------- 471 Sualebebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 557
argentinis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------ 477 siriis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------------------------- 560
venesuelas turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------ 483 TurqeTis turistuli resursebi da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleb-
ekvadoris turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis perspeq- lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 562
tivebi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 486 kviprosis turistuli resursebi da RirsSesaniSnaobani --------568
Ciles turistuli potenciali da misi amoqmedebis gzebi---------489 iordaniisa da israelis turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali ----
urugvais, paragvais respublikisa da perus turistuli RirsSe- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 571
saniSnaobani ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 492 libanis turistuli resursebi da rekreaciuli potenciali ------
reziume ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 498 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 578
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 500 iranis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------------------------------- 580
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 500 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 587
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 588
Tavi 10. azia-wynari okeanis regionis turistuli potenciali ---- testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 589
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 502
aziis qveynebis turistuli potenciali ----------------------------------- 503 Tavi 12. samxreT aziis turistuli potenciali ----------------------- 591
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi iaponiaSi ---- indoneziisa da tailandis turistuli potenciali ---------------- 592
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 503 indoeTis turistuli resursebi da maTi amoqmedebis SesaZleb-
samxreT koreis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------------- 506 lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 600
CineTis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis perspeqtive- nepalisa da bhutanis turistuli potenciali ------------------------- 604
bi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 509 Sri-lankas, maldivis kunZulisa da singapuris turis
monRoleTis turistuli potenciali da misi amoqmedebis prob- tuli potenciali -------------------------------------------------------------- 608
lemebi --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 516 malaiziis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------- 613
yazaxeTis, yirgizeTis, TurqmeneTisa da uzbekeTis turistul- bruneis, mianmarisa da bangladeSis turistuli resursebi----------- 618
rekreaciuli potenciali ------------------------------------------------- 520 filipinebis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------------------- 626
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi avstra- kambojasa da vietnamis turistuli potenciali ---------------------- 628
liasa da okeaneTSi ----------------------------------------------------------- 530 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 633
avstraliis turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali -------------------- 530 ZiriTadi terminologia -------------------------------------------------635
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------635
axali zelandiis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis
gzebi ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 538
Tavi 13. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebani af-
axali kaledoniis, solomonis kunZulebisa da vanuatus turis-
rikis qveynebSi ------------------------------------------------------------------- 637
tuli resursebi ----------------------------------------------------------------- 542
CrdiloeT afrikis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------- 638
reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 547
11 12
egviptis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis Tavisebure- turistuli resursebis dacvasTan dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba
bani -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 638 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 748
tunisisa da marokos turistuli potenciali ------------------------- 646 saqarTveloSi gare turizmis regulirebis gzebi ------------------- 750
alJiris turistuli potenciali ----------------------------------------------- 651 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 756
dasavleT afrikis turistuli potenciali ----------------------------- 654 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 759
senegalis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi ----------- 655 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 759
gambiis, malis respublikisa da burkina-fasos turistuli po-
tenciali ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 658 Tavi 15. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mdgomareoba sa-
nigeriis turistuli potenciali ---------------------------------------------- 663 qarTveloSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 761
aRmosavleT afrikis turistuli potenciali -------------------------- 665 saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis dinamika saqarTveloSi -----
keniis turistuli potenciali --------------------------------------------------- 665 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 762
tanzaniis turistuli potencialis realizaciis gzebi --------- 668 turizmis erovnuli saagentos funqcionirebis Sedegebi saqar-
ugandis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoyenebis SesaZleb- TveloSi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 771
lobebi -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 671 turizmis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi saqarTveloSi -----------775
mozambikis turistuli potenciali ------------------------------------------- 673 saqarTvelodan gamavali turistuli marSrutebis
komoris kunZulebis turistuli mimzidveloba ----------------------- 675 analizi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 782
seiSelis kunZulebisa da mavrikis turistuli potenciali------676 saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxoeli turistebis struqturuli
samxreT afrikis turistuli potenciali -------------------------------- 679 analizi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 786
samxreT afrikis respublikis turistuli potenciali ------------679 saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli analizi --------791
zimbabves respublikis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani -----------684 aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis turistuli potenciali ----- 799
namibiis turistuli potencialis gamoyenebis gzebi -------------- 686 aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis turistuli potencialis ganvi-
svazilendis samefos turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ------------ 687 Tarebis dinamika ---------------------------------------------------------------- 805
reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 689 reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 818
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 691 ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 821
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 691 testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 822
nawili III. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtive- Tavi 16. saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis
bi saqarTveloSi -------------------------------------------------------------- 693 problemebi da perspeqtivebi -------------------------------------------- 823
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi saqarTveloSi
Tavi 14. saqarTvelos turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi da maTi ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 823
samarTlebrivi regulireba ---------------------------------------------- 694 saerTaSoriso turizmis multiplikaciuri efeqti saqarTveloSi
saqarTvelos bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi ------------------------------ 695 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 825
saqarTvelos mxareebis rekreaciuli resursebi ---------------------- 707 saerTaSoriso turistul organizaciebTan saqarTvelos Tanam-
saqarTveloSi sagareo turizmis ganviTarebis istoria --------- 722 Sromlobis problemebi ----------------------------------------------------- 827
saqarTvelos turistul-sakurorto potenciali --------------------- 727 regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis problematika saqarTveloSi -
saqarTveloSi turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis gzebi Tana- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 832
medrove etapze ------------------------------------------------------------------- 734 turizmis msoflio bazarze saqarTvelos turistuli potencia-
saerTaSoriso turizmis maregulirebeli samarTlebrivi baza lis reklamirebis problemebi ----------------------------------------- 835
saqarTveloSi --------------------------------------------------------------------- 738 saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis problematika --------------- 837
13 14
saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli faqtorebi
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 843 curt contents
saerTaSoriso turizmis informaciuli uzrunvelyofis perspeq-
tivebi saqarTveloSi --------------------------------------------------------- 847 Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25
turizmis aRricxvis saerTaSoriso meTodologiis gamoyenebis
SesaZleblobebi saqarTveloSi ---------------------------------------- 849 Part I. The theorical fundaments of international tourism ------------------------ 27
turizmis msoflio organizaciis rekomendaciebi turizmis sta- Chapter 1. The theorical- methodological fundaments of international tourism -------
tistikuri aRricxvisaTvis ------------------------------------------------ 855 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
saqarTveloSi gare turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi----------858 Chapter 2.. The modern location and development history of international tourism --
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi saqarTvelo- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71
Si ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 861 Chapter 3. The infrastructure of international tourism -------------------------------- 109
saqarTvelos turistuli strategiis ganviTarebis Tavisebureba- Chapter 4. The ensuring low in international tourism --------------------------------- 160
ni saerTaSoriso bazarze ------------------------------------------------- 865 Chapter 5. The role of international tourism in the development of modern World
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis xelSemwyobi economic --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 184
RonisZiebani ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 872 Chapter 6. The developing perspectives of international tourism ------------------- 212
reziume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 879
ZiriTadi terminologia ------------------------------------------------ 882 Part II. The geography of World tourism resources.------------------------------ 232
testebi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 883 Chapter 7. The theorical fundaments of tourism countries.-------------------------- 233
Chapter 8. Development possibilities of international tourism in Europa ---------------
daskvna -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 250
gamoyenebuli literatura -------------------------------------------- 887 Chapter 9. Development originality of international tourism in American --------------
danarTi ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 898 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421
testebis pasuxebi ------------------------------------------------------------ 902 Chapter 10. The regional tourism potential of Asia-Pacipic Ocean ----------------- 502
Chapter 11. The tourism potential of Near-East region --------------------------------551
Chapter 12. The tourism potential of South Asia -------------------------------------- 591
Chapter 13. The tourism originality development in African Countries -----------------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 637
Part III. International tourism developing perspectives in Georgia -----------------

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 693
Chapter 14. The tourism-recreative resources and judiciary regulation of Georgia ---
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 694
Chapter 15. The condition of international tourism development in Georgia ----------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 761
Chapter 16. Perspectives and integration problems of Georgia in the international to-
urism -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 823
The counclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885

Using sources ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 887
15 16
The insurance system role in a modern development of tourism -------------------- 137
contents The advantages of air-service of international tourism ------------------------------- 142
The advantages of railway-service of international tourism -------------------------- 147
Introduction ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 25 The possibilities of water-service of international tourism --------------------------- 151
Resume -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 156
Part I. The theorical fundaments of international tourism ------------------------ 27 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 158
Chapter 1. The theorical- methodological fundaments of international tourism - Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 158
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28
The kinds and essence of international tourism ------------------------------------------ 29 Chapter 4. The ensuring low in international tourism ---------------------------- 160
The charasteristic signs and peculiarities of international tourism -------------------- 32 The main rules and forms of international traveling ---------------------------------- 161
The principies and terms of development of international tourism, The factors which The organizacion regulating of international tourism -------------------------------- 165
are influence on it ------------------------------------------------------------------ 36 The starting set up and sum of World tourism organizacion ------------------------- 172
The methodological studying bases of international tourism ------------------------- 41 The general ensemble of World tourism organizacion -------------------------------- 175
The studying theory of international tourism -------------------------------------------- 45 Resume -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 179
The marketing comception of international tourism ------------------------------------ 49 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 181
The influence of international tourism on the economical situation of country -------- Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 182
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 54
The multiplication effect of international tourism --------------------------------------- 62 Chapter 5. The role of international tourism in the development of modern
Resume --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 67 World economic ------------------------------------------------------------------ 184
The basic terminology -------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 The international tourism like in national protection way ---------------------------- 185
Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 69 The international tourism like branch perfect economic factor ---------------------- 187
The international tourism like regional changeless development -------------------- 190
Chapter 2. The modern location and development history of international tou- The tourism like conductive factors of development lagged branch ---------------- 194
rism ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 The tourism like a conductive factors in depressive regions ------------------------- 197
The development history of international tourism -------------------------------------- 72 The tourism like a development of countryside, seafronts and new places conductive
The modern tendencies of international tourism ----------------------------------------- 81 factors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 201
The disbalance problem in a modern stage of international tourism ------------------ 89 The tourism like economical integrations and globalisation couse factors --------------
The development dynamic of modern international tourism --------------------------- 92 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 205
The modern tourism and racional naturalistic problems -------------------------------- 98 Resume -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 208
The problem of protection of envirenment in a modern international tourism ---------- The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 211
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 100 Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 211
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 105
The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 107 Chapter 6. The developing perspectives of international tourism -------------------
Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 108 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 212
The development of strategic ways and directions of international tourism -------------
Chapter 3. The infrastructure of international tourism -------------------------- 109 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 213
The method of tourism location, organization (hotels) -------------------------------- 110 The development perspectives of international tourism ------------------------------ 218
The classification of service by qualification ------------------------------------------- 114 The motivatives development of strategic international tourism -------------------- 221
The organization of basis of hotels like health resort ---------------------------------- 118 The taqtors influence on development of strategic international tourism ----------------
The classification of hotels and sertificate apartaments ------------------------------- 122 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 226
The problems of developing international touritsic industry ------------------------- 128 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 227
17 18
The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 229 The tourism plural things and natural recreative resourses of Italy ----------------- 315
Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 230 The tourism potential of San Marino swarf Republic --------------------------------- 327
The tourism potential of Vatican --------------------------------------------------------- 329
Part II. The geography of World tourism resources. ------------------------------ 232 The tourism potential of Balcan peninsula counties ------------------------------- 330
Chapter 7. The theorical fundaments of tourism countries.--------------------- 233 The tourism potential and using of Romania ------------------------------------------- 331
The recreative potential tourism complex --------------------------------------------- 234 The tourism potential of Bulgaria -------------------------------------------------------- 334
The role of international tourism in a counrty economical crisis coming uot ----------- The tourism potential of Serbia and Monterrey ---------------------------------------- 337
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 238 The tourism potential of Greece ---------------------------------------------------------- 339
The tourism reorganization of mopdern World ---------------------------------------- 241 The tourism potential of Croat ------------------------------------------------------------ 343
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 247 The tourism potential of the Mediterranean Sea countries ---------------------- 347
The basic terminology -------------------------------------------------------------------- 248 The tourism plural things of Monaco ---------------------------------------------------- 347
Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 248 The tourism potential of Malta ----------------------------------------------------------- 349
The tourism potential of North Europe ---------------------------------------------- 352
Chapter 8. Development possibilities of international tourism in Europa --------- The tourism potential and using of Finland --------------------------------------------- 352
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------– 250 The tourism potential and using ways of possibilities of Sweden ------------------ 356
The role of United Euro in development of World tourism -------------------------- 251 The tourism potential and using of Norway -------------------------------------------- 361
The tourism potential of central Europa --------------------------------------------- 253 The tourism plural things of Denmark -------------------------------------------------- 364
The tourism potential things of alpine countries ----------------------------------- 253 The tourism plural things of Iceland ----------------------------------------------------- 367
The tourism potential things of Germany ----------------------------------------------- 253 The tourism originality development of Baltic countries ------------------------- 370
The tourism potential things of Switzerland -------------------------------------------- 258 The tourism potential and putting in motion of Latvia -------------------------------- 371
The tourism potential of Austria --------------------------------------------------------- 261 The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Lithuania --------------------- 373
The tourism potential of Liechtenstein -------------------------------------------------- 266 The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Estonia ------------------------ 377
The tourism plural things of Slovenia --------------------------------------------------- 268 The tourism potential of East Europe ------------------------------------------------ 379
The tourism potential of viSegradi ---------------------------------------------------- 271 The tourism-recreative resources and climate conditions of Russia ----------------- 380
The tourism potential and possibilities using of Polish ------------------------------- 271 The tourism resources of Ukraine -------------------------------------------------------- 404
The tourism potential and using of Czaches -------------------------------------------- 278 The tourism potential of Moldova ------------------------------------------------------- 407
The tourism potential and possibilities using of Slovak ------------------------------ 282 The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Caucasus ---------------- 408
The potential and possibbilities of Hungery -------------------------------------------- 284 International tourism development perspective in Caucasus countries ------------------
The tourism potential of west Europe ------------------------------------------------ 286 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 410
The tourism plural things of France ------------------------------------------------------ 287 The tourism-recreative potential of North Caucasus ---------------------------------- 415
The tourism potential of England -------------------------------------------------------- 295 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 417
The tourism potential of Beninese Country ----------------------------------------- 298 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 421
The tourism potential of Belgium and Nitherlands ------------------------------------ 298 Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421
The tourism potential of Luxembourg --------------------------------------------------- 301
The tourism potential of south Europe ----------------------------------------------- 302 Chapter 9. Development originality of international tourism in American --------
The tourism potential of Perennay peninusula countries ------------------------- 302 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 421
The tourism plural things of Spain ------------------------------------------------------- 302 The tourism potential of North American region ---------------------------------- 424
The tourism potential of Portugal -------------------------------------------------------- 309 The tourism potential of USA ------------------------------------------------------------ 424
The tourism resources of Andorra ------------------------------------------------------- 312 The tourism potential and using ways of possibilities of Canada -------------------- 434
The tourism plural things of Gibraltar --------------------------------------------------- 313 The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Mexico ----------------------- 442
The tourism potential of Apenins peninusula --------------------------------------- 315 The tourism potential of Greland --------------------------------------------------------- 453
19 20
The tourism potential of central America -------------------------------------------- 455 The tourism potential of Arabian United Emirates and Oman ----------------------- 551
The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Panama ----------------------- 455 The tourism potential and using ways of Saudi Arabia ------------------------------- 557
The tourism potential of Costa-Ricca and Belize -------------------------------------- 458 The tourism potential of Syria ------------------------------------------------------------ 560
The tourism potential of Caribbean teritories and Island countries ---------- 461 The tourism resources and using ways of Turkey -------------------------------------- 562
The tourism potential of Cuba and Bahamas Iselands -------------------------------- 461 The tourism resources and plural things of Cyprus ------------------------------------ 568
The tourism potential of Dominican Republic ----------------------------------------- 467 The tourism-recreative potential of Jordan and Israel --------------------------------- 571
The tourism potential of Barbados and Jamaica --------------------------------------- 468 The tourism-recreative potential and resources of Lebanon -------------------------- 578
The tourism potential and possibilities of putting ways in motion of South Ame- The tourism plural things of Iran --------------------------------------------------------- 580
rica ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 471 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 587
The tourism potential of Brasil ----------------------------------------------------------- 471 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 588
The tourism potential of Argentina ------------------------------------------------------ 477 Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 589
The tourism potential of Venesuella ----------------------------------------------------- 483
The tourism potential and using ways of possibilities of Ecuador ------------------- 486 Chapter 12. The tourism potential of South Asia ---------------------------------- 591
The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Chile -------------------------- 489 The tourism potential of Indonesia and Thailand -------------------------------------- 592
The tourism plural things of Uruguay and Paraguay Republics and Peru --------------- The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of India -------------------------- 600
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 492 The tourism potential of Nepal and Butane -------------------------------------------- 604
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 498 The tourism potential of Singapore, Sri-Lanka and Moldavian Island -------------------
The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 608
Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 500 The tourism potential of Malaysia ------------------------------------------------------- 613
The tourism resources of Brunei, Bangladesh and mianmari ------------------------ 618
Chapter 10. The regional tourism potential of Asia-Pacipic Ocean ----------------- The tourism potential of Philippines ----------------------------------------------------- 626
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 502 The tourism potential of Cambodia and Vietnam -------------------------------------- 628
The tourism potential of Asian Republics ------------------------------------------- 503 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 633
International tourism development of Japan -------------------------------------------- 503 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 635
The tourism potential of South Korea --------------------------------------------------- 506 Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 635
The tourism potential and using ways of possibilities of China --------------------- 509
The tourism potential and putting ways in motion problems of Mongolia -------------- Chapter 13. The tourism originality development in African Countries -----------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 516 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 637
The tourism-recreative potential of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan and The tourism potential of North Africa ----------------------------------------------- 638
Uzbekistan ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 520 The tourism originality development of Egypt ---------------------------------------- 638
International tourism development possibilities of Australia and Oceans --------- The tourism potential of Morocco and Tunis ------------------------------------------ 646
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 530 The tourism potential of Algeria --------------------------------------------------------- 651
The tourism-recreative potential of Australia ------------------------------------------ 530 The tourism potential of West Africa ------------------------------------------------- 654
The tourism potential and using ways of New Zeland -------------------------------- 538 The tourism potential and putting ways in motion of Senegal ----------------------- 655
The tourism resources of Solomon Iselands, New Caledonia and Vanuatu ------------- The tourism potential of Gambia, Mali republic and Burkina-Faco ----------------- 658
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 542 The tourism potential of Nigeria --------------------------------------------------------- 663
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 547 The tourism potential of East Africa -------------------------------------------------- 665
The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 549 The tourism potential of Kenya ---------------------------------------------------------- 665
Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 550 The tourism potential and realization ways of Tanzania ------------------------------ 668
The tourism potential and using possibilities of Uganda ----------------------------- 671
Chapter 11. The tourism potential of Near-East region -------------------------- 551 The tourism potential of Mozambique -------------------------------------------------- 673
21 22
The tourism attractives of Comoros Islands ------------------------------------------- 675 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 818
The tourism potential of Mavrica and Seishel Islands -------------------------------- 676 The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 821
The tourism potential of South Africa ------------------------------------------------ 679 Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 822
The tourism potential of Republic of South Africa ------------------------------------ 679
The tourism plural things of Zimbabwe Republic ------------------------------------- 684 Chapter 16. Perspectives and integration problems of Georgia in the internatio-
The tourism potential and using ways of Namibia ------------------------------------- 686 nal tourism ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 823
The tourism plural things of Swaziland kingdom -------------------------------------- 687 The developing tendency of international tourism in Georgia ----------------------- 823
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 689 The multiplication effect of international tourism in Georgia ------------------------ 825
The basic terminology ------------------------------------------------------------------- 691 Problems of Georgian collaborate to international tourism organizations ---------------
Tests ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 691 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 827
Problem of regional tourism development in Georgia -------------------------------- 832
Part III. International tourism developing perspectives in Georgia ----------------- Problems of Georgian tourism potential ading in international tourism bazaar ---------
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 693 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 835
Chapter 14. The tourism-recreative resources and judiciary regulation of Ge- Problem of tourism development in Georgia ------------------------------------------- 837
orgia -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 694 The delay factors of tourism in Georgia ------------------------------------------------- 843
Natural-Climate Conveniences of Georgia --------------------------------------------- 695 International tourism informational securing perspectiv in Georgia ---------------- 847
Recreative resources of Georgian regions ---------------------------------------------- 707 The possibilities of tourism account international using methodology in Georgia -----
The history of international tourism development in Georgia ----------------------- 722 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 849
The tourism-resorted potential of Georgia ---------------------------------------------- 727 The recomendations of World tourism organization fora tourism static account -------
Putting ways in motion of tourism potential of Georgia in a modern stage ------------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 855
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 734 The outward tourism development perspectives in Georgia ------------------------- 858
The judiciary regulation base of tourism potential of Georgia ----------------------- 738 The tourism development perspectives of Georgia ----------------------------------- 861
The legistation of tourism sequrity resources ------------------------------------------ 748 The rivarly tourism strategy development perspectives of Georgia in the international
The regulation ways of international tourism in Georgia ----------------------------- 750 bazaar ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 865
Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 756 The promote arrangements for international tourism of integration of Georgia --------
The basic terminology -------------------------------------------------------------------- 759 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 872
Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 759 Resume ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 879
The basic terminology -------------------------------------------------------------------- 882
Chapter 15. The condition of international tourism development in Georgia ----- Tests ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 883
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 761
The developing dymaic of international tourism in Georgia ------------------------- 762 The counclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885
The function dymanical results of international tourism agency in Georgia ------------ Using sources ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 887
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 771 The annex ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 898
The prioritetive directions of tourism in Georgia -------------------------------------- 775 Answers of question ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 902
The dynamic of transist amount of tourists from Georgia and analysis of holiday-rou-
te ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 782
The structural analysis of tourists in Georgia ------------------------------------------ 786
The analysis of marketing finding of Georgian tourism bazaar ---------------------- 791
The tourism potential of Adzharian Autonomous Republic -------------------------- 799
The developing dynamic of tourism potential of Adzharian Autonomous Republic ---
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 805
23 24
biT. erovnuli damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg Cveni
Sesavali qveyana samarTlianad da gabedulad daadga turizmis
ganviTarebis gzas. igi gaxda msoflio turistuli or-
Tanamedrove pirobebSi ekonomikuri ganviTarebis ganizaciis wevri qveyana. mas aTeulobiT qveyanasTan
maRal tempebs miaRwies swored im qveynebma, romlebmac aqvs damyarebuli saerTaSoriso turistuli urTier-
umaRles doneze ganaviTares saerTaSoriso turizmi, Tobebi. miuxedavad amisa, Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli eT-
Camoayalibes gare turizmis ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi no-konfliqtebi, mZime socialur-ekonomikuri da aras-
samarTlebrivi da institucionaluri baza, ganaviTares tabiluri politikur-ekonomikuri viTareba, mniSvne-
xelsayreli turistuli infrastruqtura. turizmi ro- lovnad xels uSlis msoflio turistul bazarze sa-
gorc mTliani msoflio ekonomikis, ise masSi monawile qarTvelos integrirebas, damkvidrebas da aRiarebas.
calkeuli qveynis ganviTarebis erT-erTi xelSemwyobi Cvens qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare-
faqtoria. saerTaSoriso turizmis specializaciis Ta- bis xelSewyobis mizniT saWiroa SemuSavdes adeqvaturi
namedrove, msoflio moTxovnebis Sesabamisi dargobri- rekomendaciebi da Sesabamisad gatardes turizmis mas-
vi struqturis sworad SerCeva aqtualuria, ara marto timulirebeli RonisZiebani. am mizniT saWiroa SemuSav-
ganviTarebuli, an ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis, aramed des sareklamo-sainformacio programebi, saTanado da-
yofili socialisturi qveynebisaTvisac, maT Soris sa- wesebulebebma gamosces, Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli tu-
qarTvelosTvisac, romelic cdilobs misTvis Rirseu- ristuli produqciis Sesaxeb, Sesabamisi katalogebi,
li adgilis damkvidrebas. bukletebi, plakatebi da rukebi. adgilobrivma tur-o-
msoflios calkeul saxelmwifoTa geografiuli peratorebma monawileoba unda miiRon saerTaSoriso
ga-nlagebis specifikurma Taviseburebebma, gansxvave- turistul gamofenebSi; ganxiluli unda iqnas turiz-
bulma bunebriv-klimaturma pirobebma, Sromis saerTa- mis sferoSi menejmentisa da marketingis progresuli
Soriso danawilebam, mecnierul-teqnikurma progresma, meTodebis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi.
Tanamedrove transportisa da kavSirgabmulobis prog- wignis avtorebi madlobas vuxdiT ganaTlebisa da
resulma saSualebebma, sainformacio teqnologiebis mecnierebis fakultetis asocirebul profesors, fi-
ganviTarebam Seqmna saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare- lologiis doqtor_ nana cecxlaZes, amave fakultetis
bis SesaZlebloba. Tanamedrove etapze metad aqtualu- geografiis departamentis asocirebul profesors, ge-
rad dgas erovnuli ekonomikis msoflio turizmSi op- ografiis doqtor _ merab futkaraZes, amave fakulte-
timalurad integrirebis sakiTxi, rac moiTxovs qveya- tis III kursis student _ goCa TavarTqilaZes, gaweuli
naSi turistul produqtze arsebuli moTxovnisa da teqnikuri daxmarebisaTvis. naSromi araa dazRveuli
misi miwodebis SesaZleblobebis kompleqsur Seswav- Secdomebisagan. amitom madlierebis grZnobiT miviRebT
las, erovnul, saxelmwifoebriv interesebze dafuZne- mis mimarT gamoTqmul nebismier (samecniero, Tu teqni-
buli swori turistuli politikis realizacias. kuri xasiaTis) saqmian SeniSvnas, rac gaTvaliswinebu-
amitom nebismieri qveyana, da maT Soris saqarTve- li iqneba momdevno samecniero SromebSi.
loc, dainteresebuli unda iyos turizmis ganviTare-
25 26
nawili I Tavi 1.
saerTaSoriso turizmis
saerTaSoriso turizmis Teoriuli Teoriul-meTodologiuri safuZvlebi
safuZvlebi
msoflio turizmis Sesaxeb intensiuri Teoriul-me-
Todologiuri gamokvlevebi Catarda XX saukuneSi,
romlebic Seiswavlian turizmis arss. am kvlevebis Ta-
saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi mravali mecnie- naxmad: ~turizmi bunebisa da adamianTa civilizaciis
ruli kvlevaa Catarebuli, romlebic miznad isaxavs mier Seqmnili socialuri movlenaa, romelic miznad
turizmis arsis gagebas, mis realobasTan misadagebas. isaxavs socialuri da materialuri faseulobebis Sec-
kerZod, termins - turizmi Tavisi arsebobis xangrZli- nobas. igi adamianis mier mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgi-
vi istoria aqvs. turistis arsi sistemurad ganixile- lis droebiTi Secvlaa, rac uwyobs xels qveyanaSi
boda mravalricxovan samecniero konferenciebsa da ucxouri valutis mozidvas”.1 turizmi exeba sazogado-
Sekrebebze. didi interesi gamoiwvia gaerTianebuli ebrivi cxovrebis yvela mxares, magram Tanamedrove
erebis turizmisa da saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis 1963 etapze turizmis gansazRvrisas saWiroa yuradReba mi-
wlis romis koncefciam, romelmac SeimuSava turistis eqces Semdeg or kriteriums: 1. ZiriTadi sacxovrebeli
cnebis Tanamedrove definacia1. mas eyrdnoba turizmis adgilidan sxvagan yofna ar unda iyos mudmivi, anda
saerTaSoriso organizaciebi da msoflios qveynebis xangrZlivi (eqvs Tveze meti) vadis momcveli; 2. turis-
umravlesoba. romis koncefciam Tavis rekomendaciebSi tad yofnis adgilze vizitori Tavisi profesiuli saq-
mxari dauWira cnebas vizitori, rac niSnavs nebismier mianobidan ar unda iRebdes anazRaurebas. Tumca es
adamians, gadaadgilebuls im teritoriaze, romelic kriteriumebi ar miekuTvnebian mxolod turistul sfe-
ar warmoadgens mis mudmiv sacxovrebel adgils. vizi- ros uSualo momxmareblebs _ turistebs. arian gansa-
ti SeiZleba ganxorcieldes nebismieri mizniT (magram kuTrebuli kategoriis turistebic, romelTa dasaxasi-
ara samuSaod), romelic anazRaurebas ar Rebulobs aTeblad sakmarisi ar aris zemoT CamoTvlili krite-
droebiTi yofnis adgilis safinanso wyaroebidan. kon- riumebi. esenia: ltolvilebi, patimrebi (da maTi gamci-
ferenciam, vizitis xangrZlivobis mixedviT, daadgina lebeli pirebi _ badragi), tranzituli mgzavrebi, rom-
vizitorTa ori kategoria: 1) roca viziti aWarbebs lebic TavianTi neba-surviliT ar Semodian qveyanaSi.
erT dRe-Rames da 2) roca viziti 24 saaTze naklebi maTi gadaadgileba xdeba iZulebiT.
xangrZlivobisaa. am ori kategoriis gamijvnisTvis ga-
moyenebul iqna Sesabamisi terminebi - turisti’ da eq-
skursanti.
1 CitalaZe q. turizmis arsi da misi ekonomikuri buneba. Jurn. 1 metreveli m. turizmi. 11 Tb: 2003 _ gv: 13-14.
èkonomika” _ 2008. Tb. 5-6 gv: 145.
27 28
saerTaSoriso turizmis arsi da saxeebi regionul aspeqtSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs
turizmis ekonomikuri funqcia _ e. w. Serbilebis fun-
sxvadasxva qveynis erovnul kanonebsa da normati- qcia. turistuli biznesi xels uwyobs sustad ganviTa-
ul aqtebSi, romlebic turizms da mis momijnave dar- rebuli, SedarebiT CamorCenili regionebis socialur-
gTa saqmoanobas aregulireben, turizmis da turistis ekonomikur winsvlas. garkveuli kategoriis turistebi-
ganmartebis mimarT araerTgvarovani damokidebulebaa: saTvis metad sainteresoa ekologiurad sufTa lan-
am ganmartebebisa da kategoriebis gansazRvraze did dSafti da garemo. xSirad swored aseTi regionebia
gavlenas axdens mocemuli qveynis politika da ekono- ganviTarebuli agraruli seqtoriT. am regionebis ad-
mika. mag., saqarTvelos kanonSi ~turizmisa da kuror- gilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis turizmis ganviTareba
tebis Sesaxeb” turizmi ganmartebulia, rogorc adamia- maTTvis damatebiTi Semosavlebis miRebis mniSvnelova-
nis Tavisufali, droebiTi gadaadgileba Tavisi sacx- ni wyaroa.
ovrebeli adgilidan dasvenebis, gajansaRebis, istori- turistul dargTa mocemul ekonomikur efeqts sa-
ul-kulturuli Zeglebis daTvalierebisa da sxva miz- erTaSoriso rezonansi aqvs. bevrisaTvis cnobilia, Tu
niT. rogor gaizarda ukanasknel wlebSi patara, gansakuT-
tradiciulad turizmi gaigivebulia mogzaurobas- rebiT kunZulovan saxelmwifoTa (mag., karibis zRvis
Tan dasvenebisa da axali STabeWdilebebis mizniT.Ee. i. auzis qveynebis) ekonomikuri potenciali. am saxelmwi-
upiratesoba eniWeba turizmis rekreaciul mniSvnelo- foTa adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ZiriTadad Tavs irCens
bas. miuxedavad zemoT ganxiluli sakiTxebis irgvliv (da Tanac arc Tu ise cudad) swored turizmis ganvi-
azrTa sxvadasxvaobisa, arsebobs turizmis klasikuri TarebiT. isini swored ekologiurad sufTa garemos da
ganmarteba: _ turizmi aris adamianTa droebiTi gada- mimzidveli turistuli servisis wyalobiT gaxdnen ki-
adgileba mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilidan sxva qveya- dev ufro cnobadi qveynebi mTels msoflioSi.
naSi an Tavisi qveynis farglebSi siamovnebis, dasvene- amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi es aris dasvenebis,
bis, samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli, sastumro, Semecnebi- garTobis, sulieri da fizikuri gajansaRebis, ucxoe-
Ti, religiuri profesiuli (anazRaurebis gareSe an Tis qveynebis RirsSesaniSnaobebis daTvalierebis, gac-
Tavisi qveynis Sida wyarodan anazRaurebadi) mizniT. nobis, samecniero-biznes forumebis, konferenciebisa
Cvens qveyanaSi 1995 wlis 1 ivniss miRebul iqna sa- da sxva saxis Sexvedrebis organizebis mizniT adamian-
qarTvelos kanoni ~turizmis’’ Sesaxeb, romelSic tu- Ta erTi qveynidan sxva qveynebSi droebiT gamgzavreba.
rizmi ganmartebulia Semdegi redaqciiT: ~turizmi aris misi funqcionireba ganisazRvreba obieqturi ekonomi-
adamianTa Tavisuvali nebayoflobiTi, droebiTi gam- kuri kanonebiT. ucxoel turistebs ganekuTvnebian is
gzavreba TavianTi mudmivi sacxovrebeli adgilidan pirebi, romlebic ewvevian sxva qveynebs (minimum erTi
dasvenebis, gajansaRebis, Semecnebis, saqmiani, profesiu- RamisTeviT) nebismieri mizniT, im profesiuli saqmiano-
li da sxva miznebiT (garda im mizezebisa, romlebic bis garda, romelic anazRaurebadia mocemul qveyanaSi.
dakavSirebulia turistebis xelfasTan droebiTi yof- saerTaSoriso turizms ganixilaven, rogorc sxvadas-
nis adgilebSi’’). xva saxis adamianur moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis
29 30
mniSvnelovan saSualebas. erTi qveynis moqalaqeTa tetul dargs warmoadgens. amrigad, msoflio turizmi
droebiT gamgzavrebas sazRvargareT, an ucxoeTis sa- aris integrirebuli socialur-ekonomikuri sistema,
xelmwifoebidan mocemul qveyanaSi adamianTa droebiT romelic udides rols asrulebs sxvadasxva kulturi-
Semosvlas dasvenebis, garTobisa da sxva mizniT, gare sa da aRmsareblobis mqone adamianTa Soris urTierTo-
turizmi ewodeba, xolo sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris tu- bebis gaRrmavebaSi, aqtiurad zemoqmedebs dasaqmebis
ristebis moZraobas Tavis erTobliobaSi _ saerTaSo- zrdaze, siRaribis daZlevaze da a. S.
riso turizmi. Tanamedrove etapze Camoyalibebulia da mudmiv
arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdegi saxeebi: daxvewas ganicdis turistuli saqmianobis xelSewyobi-
gasarTobi, SemecnebiTi, saTavgadasavlo, agraruli, sa- sa da stimulirebis sistema. umjobesdeba da samar-
moqalaqo sportuli, samkurnalo, gamajansaRebeli, saq- Tlebriv daxvewas ganicdis turistuli biznes-garemo.
miani, samecniero, sakongreso da a. S. sakongreso tu- swored turistuli biznesisadmi aseTi gansakuTrebu-
rizmi aris saqalaqo turizmis erT-erTi nairsaxeoba, li midgomis Sedegad warmoiSva Tanamedrove saxelmwi-
romelsac kongresebis, konferenciebis, seminarebisa da foTaSorisi specializirebuli institutebi da orga-
gamofenebis organizebiT mniSvnelovani Semosavlebi nizaciebi, romlebic swavloben am sferoSi mimdinare
moaqvs turistuli industriiT ganviTarebuli qveynebi- procesebs, aanalizeben turizmis statistikur masa-
saTvis. saerTaSoriso konferenciebis samomavlod Cata- lebs, atareben meTodologiur samuSaoebs, axdenen tu-
reba damokidebulia Semdeg faqtorebze: saWiroa sa- rizmis ganviTarebis mokle- da grZelvadian progno-
xelmwifos mxridan seriozuli mxardaWera am sferoSi zebs, xels uwyoben turizmis samarTlebrivi bazis gan-
investiciebis dabandebis mizniT propagandis ganxorci- mtkicebas, erTiani ~TamaSis wesebis” Camoyalibebas.
elebaSi; stabilurad unda moqmedebdes qveynis kanon-
mdebloba; unda iyos mzadyofna turizmTan korelacia-
Si myof dargebTan TanamSromlobisaTvis, raTa aRmoif- saerTaSoriso turizmis maxasiaTebeli niSnebi
xvras maT Soris dapirispireba da uTanxmoeba mTel da Taviseburebani
rig konceptualur sakiTxebze; unda moxdes kadrebis
gadamzadeba.
turizmi Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikis erT-er-
saerTaSoriso turizms gansakuTrebuli adgili
Ti yvelaze dinamiuri da wamyvani dargia, romelsac
uWiravs msoflio meurneobis ganviTarebasa da zogad-
zrdis maRali tempebi axasiaTebs. swored am niSniT
sakacobrio faseulobaTa sistemis formirebaSi. misi
aRiarebulia igi saukunis ekonomikur fenomenad. tu-
daxmarebiT viTardeba socialuri infrastruqturis
rizmma, rogorc biznesisa da saerTaSoriso ekonomiku-
dargebi, rac iwvevs erovnuli tradiciebisa da kultu-
ri urTierTobis erT-erTma formam, bolo aTwleuleb-
ruli memkvidreobis msoflio asparezze gatanas da ma-
Si udidesi masStabi SeiZina. turizmis mimarT samewar-
Ti SenarCunebis finansur uzrunvelyofas. aqedan ga-
meo interesis zrda ganpirobebulia Semdegi faqtore-
momdinare, turizmi sabazro urTierTobebze gardama-
biT: turistuli biznesis dawyeba mcire investiciebs
val periodSi qveynis ekonomikis ganviTarebis priori-
31 32
moiTxovs; mcire da saSualo kompaniebi turistul bali konkurenciuli brZolis Sedegia, romlis drosac
zarze msxvil kompaniebTan erTad warmatebulad Tana- warmoiqmneba mravali problema. amrigad, saerTaSoriso
arseboben; amasTan, SesaZlebelia turistul biznesSi turizmis sferoSi mravali problemaa dagrovili, rom-
investirebuli kapitalidan mogebis mokle droSi miRe- lis aRmofxvrac moiTxovs msoflio ekonomikis am dar-
ba. aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, ukanasknel periodSi tu- gis ganviTarebis Sesaxeb statistikuri informaciis,
rizmi gaxda mravali qveynis da msoflio ekonomikis praqtikuli masalebis specialur kvlevasa da Rrma
umsxvilesi Semosavlebisa da samuSao adgilebis Seq- mecnierul analizs.
mnis umniSvnelovanesi dargi. ekonomikur keTildReoba- turistuli saqmianobis praqtikaSi gansazRvrulia
Si turizmis wvlili damokidebulia turistuli momsa- qveynebis ori jgufi: pirvel jgufSi Sedis is qveynebi,
xurebis xarisxze. romlebic ufro meti odenobis turists gzavnian ucx-
saerTaSoriso turizmi msoflioSi yvelaze swra- oeTSi, vidre iReben qveynis SigniT (turistebis mimwo-
fad mzardi ekonomikuri seqtoria. igi ganviTarebadi debeli, SemdgomSi ubralod ~mimwodebeli” qveynebi),
qveynebis socialur-ekonomikuri progresis mamoZravebe- xolo meore jgufis qveynebSi ki Sedian is saxelmwi-
li Zalaa. Tanamedrove pirobebSi mraval qveyanaSi tu- foebi, romlebic ufro met turists iReben, vidre
rizmis sferoSi warmoebuli produqtis Rirebuleba gzavnian (turistebis mimRebi, SemdgomSi ubralod ~mim-
aRemateba iseTi tradiciuli seqtorebis mier gamoSve- Rebi” qveynebi). mimwodebel qveynebs miekuTvneba amerika,
buli produqciis moculobas, rogoricaa: kvebis mrew- germania, didi britaneTi, belgia, dania da sxva, xolo
veloba, energetika, manqanaTmSenebloba da a. S. arse- mimRebi qveynebi ki arian safrangeTi, espaneTi, italia,
bobs turizmis maxasiaTebeli Semdegi ZiriTadi niSnebi: ungreTi da a. S.
1. Sromis saerTaSoriso danawilebaze da sabazro saerTaSoriso turizmis Taviseburebani. Tanamedrove
principebze dafuZnebuloba; 2. fulad-sakredito urTi- saerTaSoriso turizms axasiaTebs garkveuli Tavisebu-
erTobiTi xasiaTi da 3. konkurenciis arseboba. rebani, romelTac ganekuTvneba: 1. saerTaSoriso tu-
qveynebs Soris turistuli TanamSromlobis materi- rizmis masStaburoba; 2. saerTaSoriso turizmSi mona-
aluri safuZvelia Sromis saerTaSoriso danawileba, wile subieqtebis didi simravle; 3. turistuli pro-
romelic qmnis saerTo ekonomikuri kanonebis bevrad duqciis myidvelTa da gamyidvelTa didi sivrcobrivi
ufro srulyofilad ganviTarebis winapirobebs. Rire- daSoreba; 4. saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi arsebu-
bulebis kanoni iTvleba saerTaSoriso turizmis mTa- li konkurenciis simZafre; 5. qveynebs Soris turiste-
var mamoZravebel Zalad. saerTaSoriso turizmi msof- bis migracia bevrad ufro naklebmobiluria, vidre
lios calkeul saxelmwifoTa, maT dajgufebaTa da sa- qveynis SigniT; 6. tur-produqciis saerTaSoriso stan-
erTaSoriso organizaciebs Soris damyarebul urTier- dartizacia.
TobaTa erT-erTi umTavresi Semadgeneli nawilia, rome- Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
lic mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs msoflio meurneobis kidev erT mniSvnelovan Taviseburebas warmoadgens tu-
ganviTarebis tendenciebs. saerTaSoriso turizmi erov- ristul procesTa internacionalizacia da globali-
nul da ucxour turistul kompaniebs Soris gamarTu- zacia, erovnul meurneobaTa integraciis donis gaR-
33 34
rmaveba da mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis daCqareba. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis principebi
saerTaSoriso turizmi iqca msoflio ekonomikis dina- da pirobebi, masze moqmedi faqtorebi
miurad ganviTarebad sferod, romelic warmoadgens
zogierTi qveynis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis dasayrdens. turistebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian mogzauro-
magaliTad, turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi mniSvne- bis mizniT, TavianTi moTxovnebiT turistuli momsaxu-
lovan gavlenas axdens Sveicariis, avstriisa da saf- rebisadmi, agreTve fasiT, romlis gadaxdisaTvis isini
rangeTis ekonomikur keTildReobaze. saerTaSoriso mzad arian. turistul moTxovnaze Zlier gavlenas ax-
turistuli nakadebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopovebis denen iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa: Semosavali (turiz-
meqanizmi jer kidev ar aris srulyofili, radganac misaTvis araefeqturia mcire moculobis Semosavali,
Znelia turistuli nakadebis gazomva. ar arsebobs maTi romelic mxolod sasicocxlo moTxovnilebebs faravs)
aRricxvis erTiani meTodi, rac arTulebs qveynebs So- da ojaxis struqtura. yvelaze xSirad mgzavroben mci-
ris statistikur monacemTa urTierTSedarebas. saerTa- re zomis (erTi an ori wevrisagan Semdgari) ojaxebi.
Soriso turistuli kavSirebis farTod ganviTarebas (xandazmuli adamianebi da patara bavSvebi iSviaTad
mohyva mravali saerTaSoriso organizaciis Camoyali- mogzauroben), magram zogierTi pensioneri, romelsac
beba, romlebic uwyoben xels am sferoSi tur-produq- ara aqvs safinanso da janmrTelobis problemebi, did
ciiT vaWrobis srulyofas. saerTaSoriso turizmis moTxovnebs uyenebs turistul momsaxurebas. wvrili
mniSvnelovani Taviseburebaa momsaxurebis ganxorcie- mewarmeebi iSviaTad mogzauoben, vidre mosamsaxureebi,
leba adgilze minimaluri xarjebiT. swored turizmis romlebic yovel wels iyeneben Svebulebas ramdenime
sferoSi iqmneba didi odenobiT damatebiTi Rirebule- kviris xangrZlivobiT.
ba. arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Sem-
amasTan erTad, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare- degi ZiriTadi principebi: 1. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso
bis Sedegad, adamianebs Soris myardeba piradi megob- turizmSi gamoricxuli unda iyos partniori qveynebisa
ruli da kulturuli kavSir-urTierTobebi, rac metad da firmebis dazaraleba erTmaneTis mizeziT; 2. saerTa-
mniSvnelovani faqtoria saerTaSoriso urTierTobebisa Soriso turizmi xels unda uwyobdes mecnierul-teqni-
da xalxTa Soris mSvidobis damyarebaSi. igi mzard kuri progresis miRwevebis sasargeblo gamoyenebas; 3.
gavlenas axdens sazogadoebis materialur da sulier gamoricxuli unda iyos eTno-konfliqtebi; 4. saerTa-
cxovrebaze. Soriso turizmis ganviTarebam xeli unda Seuwyos ad-
gilobrivi bunebriv-klimaturi resursebis raciona-
lur gamoyenebas, socialuri klimatis gaumjobesebas;
5. saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi wamoWrili uTan-
xmoeba unda daregulirdes mSvidobiani gziT; 6. gamo-
ricxuli unda iyos mZlavr saxelmwifoTa mier susti
qveynebis Sida turistul saqmianobaSi Careva.
35 36
arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Sem- turizmis ganviTarebis mixedviT yvelaze umTavres
degi pirobebi: 1. msoflio meurneobis erTianoba; 2. sa- xelsayrel faqtorad miCneulia turizmis industriis
bazro ekonomikis funqcionireba; 3. savaluto-sakredi- mizanmimarTuli saxelmwifo mxardaWera, msoflio
to, sainformacio da SromiTi resursebiT sargebloba; standartebis mqone satransporto qselis ganviTareba,
4. transerovnuli monopoliebis warmoqmna; 5. saerTaSo- bunebis dacva, ekologiuri problemebis gadaWra, bu-
riso turizmis regulireba; 6. sakuTari turistuli in- nebrivi da adamianuri resursebis dacva. maT Soris
frastruqturis Seqmna. yvelaze mniSvnelovania qveynis imijis Sesaqmnelad sa-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmedi faq- xelmwifo programebis dafinanseba, msoflio mniSvne-
torebi ZiriTadad iyofa or jgufad. esenia qveynis Si- lobis brendis Seqmna, msoflio bazarze misi winsvli-
da (anu makro) da gare (globaluri) faqtorebi. saer- sa da damkvidrebis xelSewyoba. msoflio masStabis
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmed Sida faqto- brendis formireba xels uwyobs qveyanaSi (gansakuTre-
rebs ganekuTvneba demografiuli, bunebriv-geografiu- biT mezobeli saxelmwifoebidan) Semosuli turistebis
li, socialuri, istoriuli, kulturuli, religiuri raodenobis zrdas.
da sakanonmdeblo garemo, mosaxleobis cxovrebis do- msoflio safinanso-ekonomikur krizisTa gavleniT
ne, Tavisufali drois xangrZlivoba, kulturul moTx- ekonomikuri dacemis talRa aRiniSna msoflios wamyvan
ovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis survilebis zrda da po- saxelmwifoebSi, rac amcirebs tur-produqtze moTxov-
litikur-ekonomikuri stabiluroba. nas. bunebrivi katastrofebi, amindisa da stiqiis nega-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis kvlevis Sedegad, tiuri gavlena saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze
turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmed globalur faqtorebs aisaxeba miwisZvrebiT, wyaldidobebiT, qariSxaliTa da
ganekuTvneba: 1.xalxTmosaxleobis zrda da maTi mudmi- vulkanis amofrqveviT, maTi masStaburobisa da daman-
vi migracia; 2. mdidar da Rarib qveynebs Soris gansxva- greveli ganviTarebis gamo. zogadad saerTaSoriso tu-
vebis zrda; 3. saerTaSoriso turistuli kompaniebisa rizmis, da konkretulad turistTa mimRebi, donori
da qveynebis urTierTdakavSirebuloba; 4. msoflio tu- qveynebis ekonomikaze uaryofiTad moqmedebs sxvadasxva
ristuli organizaciisa da kerZo kompaniebis rolis saxis epidemiuri daavadebebis globaluri masStabiT
gaZliereba. 5. geopolitikuri faqtorebi – terorizmi gavrceleba. 2010 wels turistul mimosvlaze gavlena
da konfliqtebi axlo aRmosavleTSi (iranSi, eraySi, iqonia e. w. A tipis (H1N1) virusis gavrcelebam, ris ga-
avRaneTSi, israelSi, palestinaSi, TurqeTSi, da sxva); moc jandacvis msoflio organizaciam garkveulad
6. ekonomikuri faqtori (mSps zrdam, saerTaSoriso sa- SezRuda turistebis saerTaSoriso mogzauroba.
valuto fondis monacemebis mixedviT, 2009 wels 1% Se- turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmed faqtorebs ganekuT-
adgina, xolo 2010 wels ki_ 1,2%); 7. dasaqmeba (2010 vneba geopolitikuri situacia – saomari moqmedebebi,
wels evropis qveynebSi umuSevrobis donem 9.5% Seadgi- konfliqtebi, teroristuli aqtebi, kavkasiaSi, Sua azi-
na); 8. dolaris kursis mkveTri cvlileba; 9. navTobze aSi da axlo aRmosavleTSi momxdari samTavrobo ga-
fasebis zrda; 10. gare samyaros globaluri cvlilebe- datrialeba. Tanamedrove etapze turizmis ganviTareba-
bi; 11. amindi da jandacva. ze uaryofiTad moqmedebs agreTve socialuri ryevebi,
37 38
ekonomikuri krizisebi da regionuli konfliqtebi. sa- lebis miRebas; 4. provinciul regionTa ganviTarebas; 5.
erTaSoriso terorizmma, msoflio ekonomikuri mdgoma- ucxouri valutis Semodinebas; 6. turizmTan korelaci-
reobis gauaresebam, samomxmareblo-sainvesticio ndo- aSi myof, sxvadasxva ekonomikur (ZiriTadad momsaxure-
bis dakargvam mkveTrad gazarda sazRvargareT mogzau- bis) dargTa ganviTarebas.
robisadmi SiSi. turistebi Tavs arideben konfliqtSi sxvadasxva qveynis kulturaTa SerwymiT turizmis
CarTul an konfliqtis zonasTan axlos myof qalaqeb- ganviTareba xalxs aaxloebs erTmaneTs. Tumca am pro-
Si mogzaurobas. turistebi dasasveneblad irCeven Se- cess rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxare aqvs. da-
darebiT usafrTxo turistul centrebs. debiTia is, rom adgilobrivi mosaxleoba ecnoba sxva
msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove viTa- kulturisaTvis damaxasiaTebel niSan-Tvisebebs, xolo
rebis analizi gviCvenebs, qveynebi axerxeben araxelsay- ucxoeli turistebi_adgilobrivTa tradiciebsa da
reli turistuli klimatis gamosworebas saerTaSori- wes-Cveulebebs, aRniSnulis Sedegad iqmneba metad mra-
so terorizmTan brZolisa da mogzaurobis usafrTxoe- valferovan kulturaTa Tanacxovrebisa da maT urTi-
bis donis amaRlebis xarjze. turistebis mgzavrobis erTobaTa mowesrigebis ufro meti realuri SesaZleb-
usafrTxoeba iqca turistuli garemos Sefasebis erT- lobebi.
erT mTavar maxasiaTeblad. garda zemoT aRniSnulisa, imavdroulad, zemoT aRniSnul gansxvavebul kate-
arsebobs mravali sakiTxi, romelic uSualo kavSirSia goriaTa Soris saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTareba
turizmis ganviTarebasTan. es sakiTxebi yoveli konkre- SeiZleba gaxdes mwvave dapirispirebis sababic. gansa-
tuli qveynisaTvis sxvadasxvagvaria. maTi erT WrilSi kuTrebiT maSin, roca ucxoeli turistebis qcevis mi-
ganxilva ar SeiZleba, magram arsebobs iseTi faqtore- Rebuli normebi ar Seesabameba regionis adgilobrivi
bic, romlebic mniSvnelovania yvelasaTvis. mosaxleobis tradiciul normebsa da faseulobebs. tu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi rizmis ganviTareba aseve garkveulwilad zians ayenebs
mxareebi. msoflio turizms didi sargeblis motana Se- bunebriv garemos. turistebsa da adgilobriv mosaxle-
uZlia, rogorc calkeuli turistuli kompaniisaTvis, obas bunebisadmi gansxvavebuli damokidebuleba da in-
ise konkretuli qveynebisaTvis, Tumca mas bevri uaryo- teresi gaaCniaT. dasvenebis dros turistebi ufro ma-
fiTi mxarec gaaCnia. mTeli rigi kvlevebi tardeba imi- Ral doneze ayeneben TavianT moklevadian moTxovnile-
saTvis, rom maqsimalurad iqnes Seswavlili saerTaSo- baTa dakmayofilebas, vidre adgilobrivi bunebis xan-
riso turizmis rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxa- grZlivad mosargeblebas. amitom garemos dacva unda
reebi. es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom SemdgomSi miRebuli gaxdes turizmis ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi winam-
iqnes qveynisaTvis minimaluri danaxarjebiT maqsimalu- Zrvari. es problema unda wydebodes ekonomikur prob-
ri sargeblis momtani gadawyvetilebebi. saerTaSoriso lemebTan SedarebiT bevrad ufro adre. da mainc, tu-
turizmisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia Semdegi ekonomikuri rizmis mniSvneloba imdenad didia yoveli qveynisaTvis,
sargebeli: igi xels uwyobs 1. dasaqmebis zrdas; 2. da- rom am uaryofiT mxareze araerTi qveyana xuWavs
matebiTi samewarmeo SesaZleblobebis gamovlenas; 3. sa- Tvals da garkveulwilad cdilobs daabalansos tu-
xelmwifo biujetSi damatebiTi sagadasaxado Semosav- ristebis mier bunebriv garemoze moxdenili negatiuri
39 40
zemoqmedeba. saerTaSoriso turizmi msoflio ekonomi- bi, Semecnebis survili, religia da a. S. am periodSi
kis erT-erTi specifikuri dargia. misi ganviTareba mogzaurobiT dakavebulni iyvnen aristokratebi.
stiqiurad, xelaRebiT ar SeiZleba. saWiroa turizmis, turizmisadmi sxva saxis, SedarebiT retrospeqtiu-
rogorc Tanamedroveobis erT-erTi fenomenis, siRrmi- li, midgoma SeiniSneba m. v. sokolovis wignSi: ~turiz-
seulad, mecnieruli meTodebiT Seswavla da misi ganvi- mis istoria”, sadac turizms avtori, upir-veles yov-
TarebisaTvis swori saxelmwifo politikis SemuSaveba. lisa, ganixilavs sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa evolu-
ciis da sazogadoebriv-ekonomikuri formaciis cvli-
lebis konteqstSi. amgvarad, m. v. sokolovi gamoyofs:
saerTaSoriso turizmis Seswavlis soflad mgzavrobas; Suasaukuneebis epoqaSi mgzavro-
meTodologiuri safuZvlebi bas; turizmis ganviTarebas axal droSi da turizms
XXI saukuneSi. arsebobs iseTi midgomac, romelic tu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis aRwerisadmi mecnieruli rizms aRwers qveynis matianes konteqstSi. amis codna
midgoma sxvadasxvagvaria. rogorc j. iokeri Tavis wig- aucilebelia turistuli firmebisa da sastumroebis
nSi ~Sesavali stumarTmaspinZlobaSi” gamoyofs ~tu- momsaxure personalisaTvis. mag., sastumro biznesis da-
rizmis ganviTarebis 5 epoqas”. kerZod, esenia: 1. winain- xasiaTebis dros, aseT midgomas mxars uWers avstrali-
dustriuli periodi (1840 wlamde); 2. rkinigzis saukune; eli mecnier-ekonomisti linn vnnder vageni.
3. avtomobilis saukune; 4. reaqtiuli avia-lainerebis zogierTi avtori (kerZod p. rotoi) gamoyofs qvey-
epoqa da 5. sazRvao lainerebis epoqa. j. iokeri turiz- nis ganviTarebis ekonomikur stadiebs da maTSi turiz-
mis sferoSi urTierTobaTa evolucias akavSirebs sat- mis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebs. dabali ekonomikuri
ransporto saSualebaTa ganviTarebasTan. 1 koniunqturisaTvis upiratesad viTardeba Sida turiz-
saerTaSoriso turizmTan mimarTebaSi sakuTar mi, es maSin roca postindustriuli sazogadoebisaTvis
Tvalsazriss gamoxatavs poloneli mkvlevari i. enjei- saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis farglebSi damaxasiaTebe-
Ciki, im sistematikis SemoRebiT, romlis Tanaxmadac lia gafarToebuli turistuli gacvla, romelmac mii-
turistul gadaadgilebaSi gamoyofen Semdeg fazebs: 1. Ro globaluri xasiaTi. Cveni azriT, saerTaSoriso
adreul-istoriuli faza—1850 wlamde; 2. sawyisi fa- turizmisadmi yvela es midgoma Tanamedrove etapze Se-
za_1850-dan 1914 wlamde; 3. ganviTarebis faza _ 1914-dan uZlebelia miRebuli iqnes absoluturad ucvleli
1945 wlamde; 4. masobrivi turizmis faza_1945 wlis Sem- formiT, radganac XXI saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi sa-
deg. adreul-istoriuli fazis ganmavlobaSi turiste- erTaSoriso turizmi damkvidrda, rogorc msoflio
bis gadaadgilebis motivs warmoadgenda ZiriTadad ise- ekonomikis yvelaze dinamiurad da swrafad mzardi
Ti faqtorebi, rogoricaa: vaWroba, sameurneo kontaqte- dargi.
qveynebs Soris turistuli TanamSromlobis mkveT-
rma aRmavlobam da intensiurad ganviTarebam Seqmna sa-
erTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mecnierebis, Camoyali-
1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru./. Теоретические и практические основы меж- bebis aucilebloba. saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc
дународного туризма.
41 42
mecniereba, Camoyalibda XIX saukunis bolosa da XX kadebi, xolo saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mecnie-
saukunis dasawyisSi. turizmis ganviTarebas gansakuT- rebis, kvlevis subieqtebia kerZo turistuli kompanie-
rebuli yuradReba mieqca me-XX-e saukunis 50-iani wlebi, saagentoebi, tur-operatorebi, saerTaSoriso tu-
bidan. SemdegSi moxda mecnierebis am dargis daxvewa. ristuli organizaciebi, turizmis maregulirebeli sa-
gamoikveTa misi kvlevis sagani, mizani, amocanebi, obieq- xelmwifo organoebi, turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli
ti, subieqti, formebi, principebi da a. S. biznesmenebi, mewarmeebi, da sxva fizikuri Tu iuridiu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mecnierebis, li pirebi.
kvlevis sagania msoflios calkeul turistul kompa- ~saerTaSoriso turizmis” kursSi SeiZleba gamoye-
niebs, tur-operatorebsa da sadazRvevo kompaniebs So- nebuli iqnes kvlevis rogorc saerTomecnieruli, ise
ris damyarebuli urTierTobebi. Sesabamisad, ~saerTa- specifikuri meTodebi. saerTaSoriso turizmis Seswav-
Soriso turizmis” kursis Seswavlis sagans SeiZleba lis dros gamoiyeneba mecnieruli abstraqciis, isto-
warmoadgendes Semdegi turistuli procesebi: 1. gada- riuli, statistikuri, socialur-fsiqologiuri, geog-
adgileba anu migracia; 2. mogzaurobis motivacia (miza- rafiuli, ekonomikuri, analizisa da sinTezis meTode-
ni); 3. turistisaTvis dasaxvedri qveynis Taviseburebe- bi. mecnieruli abstraqciis meTodi gamoixateba faqte-
bi; 4. is faqtorebi, romlebic dakavSirebulia mgzavrobis gamovlenasa da kanonzomierebaTa dadgenaSi. isto-
bis organizebis saSualebaTa arsebobasTan, ekonomikur riuli meTodi warmoadgens qveynis istoriis daxasia-
zrdaze turizmis mikro- da makromasStabiT zegavle- Tebas. statistikuri meTodi saSualebas iZleva raode-
nasTan. nobrivad Sefasdes turistuli nakadebi. socialur-
saerTaSoriso turizmis kvlevis mizania Seiswav- fsiqologiuri meTodi dakavSirebulia turistebis so-
los msoflio turistul urTierTobaTa ZiriTadi cialuri diferenciaciisa da mgzavrobis motivaciis
elementebi, gansazRvros im faqtorebis, xerxebis, kri- gamovlenasTan. geografiuli meTodi mimarTulia ad-
teriumebisa da meTodebis erToblioba, romelTac un- gilmdebareobis bunebriv-klimaturi potencialis ana-
da uzrunvelyon misi Semadgeneli TiToeuli elemen- lizisa da samyofi adgilis teritoriuli diferencia-
tis kompleqsuri da racionaluri gamoyeneba, gansazR- ciis Sefasebaze. ekonomikuri meTodi aCvenebs rogorc
vros turizmis samomavlod ganviTarebis winaswar gan- SezRuduli resursebis pirobebSi turistebis moTxov-
Wvretis meTodologia, gamoimuSavos Teoriuli masale- nilebaTa maqsimalur dakmayofilebas, ise saSualebas
bis praqtikasTan Serwymis unari, daadginos msoflio iZleva Sefasdes mocemuli saqmianobidan miRebuli eko-
turizmis Teoriuli masalebis kvlevis Sesabamisi me- nomikuri efeqti.
Todebi da xerxebi, rac saSualebas iZleva kompleqsu- saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mecnierebis,
rad gadawydes turistuli biznesis winaSe mdgari kvlevis umTavresi amocanaa turizmis sferoSi moqmedi
problemebi, SemuSavdes maTi gadaWris gzebi. im ekonomikuri berketebis, instrumentebis da kanonzo-
saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mecnierebis, mierebis gamovlena, romlis meSveobiTac SesaZlebeli
kvlevis obieqts warmoadgens turistuli produqti, iqneba tur-produqtebis bevrad ufro efeqturad rea-
momsaxureba, materialuri, fuladi da turistuli na- lizeba da turistuli biznesis menejmenti. amdenad, sa-
43 44
erTaSoriso turizmi ekonomikur mecnierebaTa erT-er- biT awarmoeben, da imavdroulad sargebloben im ucxo-
Ti dargia, romelic Seiswavlis qveynebs Soris turiz- uri turistuli saqonliTa da momsaxurebiT, romelTa
mis sferoSi TanamSromlobis meTodebisa da formebis warmoebac SedarebiT Zviri ujdebaT maT. anu, qveynebis
erTobliobas. mixedviT, turistuli nakadebis denadobis mimarTuleba
maRali turistuli potencialis mqone nebismier ganisazRvreba maTi SefardebiT-bunebrivi upiratesobis
donor qveyanaSi adgili aqvs turistebis rogorc imig- mixedviT.
racias, ise emigraciasac. wlis ganmavlobaSi qveyanaSi am TvalsazrisiT, saerTaSoriso turizmis mier
Semosuli da gasuli turistebis raodenobas Soris erovnul ekonomikaze moxdenili gavlenis Sesaxeb Cata-
sxvaobas turistuli saldo ewodeba. Twm=TSem--Tgas; rebuli samecniero kvlevebi xorcieldeba martivi mo-
turistebis potenciurad mimRebi qveynebisaTvis es maC- delis farglebSi, sadac msoflio turizmSi TiTqos
venebeli dadebiTia, xolo turistebis emigranti, do- CarTulia mxolod ori qveyana, romlebic awarmoeben
nori qveynebisaTvis ki es maCvenebeli uaryofiTia. arse- or tur-produqts da maT sawarmoeblad iyeneben mxo-
bobs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mastimuli- lod or faqtors. am modelis Tanaxmad: ~qveynebi axde-
rebeli ramdenime faqtori, romelTa ricxvs ganekuT- nen im turistuli produqciisa da momsaxurebis warmo-
vneba: 1. ucxoeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebis daTvaliereba; 2. ebas, romlis damzadebaSic intensiurad gamoiyeneba
sportul-gamajansaRebel RonisZiebaTa Catareba; 3. das- maTTvis Warbad arsebuli faqtorebi da piriqiT, isini
veneba-garToba; 4. samecniero-biznes forumebis, konfe- axdenen im tur-produqtebisa da momsaxurebis imports,
renciebisa da sxva Sexvedrebis organizeba. romlis damzadebaSic intensiurad gamoiyeneba maTTvis
deficituri faqtorebi”, anu mokled rom vTqvaT, ~qvey-
nebi axdenen Warbi turistuli faqtorebis eqsportsa
saerTaSoriso turizmis Semswavleli Teoriebi da deficituri turistuli faqtorebis imports”.
1950-iani wlebis Semdeg saerTaSoriso turizmis
saerTaSoriso turizmis Sesaxeb pirveli Teoriuli ganviTarebis praqtikam aCvena aRniSnuli Teoriis nak-
gamokvlevebi daiwyes evropaSi. msoflio turizmis ga- lovaneba. kerZod. am Teoriis mixedviT, turistuli na-
momwvevi mizezebis amxsneli Teiroebi aCvenebs imas, Tu kadebi unda ganviTarebuliyo gansxvavebul faqtorTa
rogor iwvevs qveynebs Soris turistuli resursebiT mflobel qveynebs Soris, magram 1950–60-ian wlebSi tu-
uzrunvelyofaSi arsebuli gansxvaveba saerTaSoriso rizmis dargi ganaviTara swored im qveynebma, romel-
turizmis ganviTarebas da misgan mogebis miRebas. am Tac turistuli biznesis ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayre-
modelSi turisti iTvleba warmoebuli turistuli li bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi ar hqondaT. magali-
produqciis momxmareblad, xolo qveynebi ki erTmaneTi- Tad, saudis arabeTsa da egviptes gaaCniaT udabnoebi,
sagan gansxvavdebian bunebriv-klimaturi resursebis xolo israels ki_ mxolod qvaRorRiani adgilmdebare-
uzrunvelyofis mixedviT; am midgomis Tanaxmad, qveyne- oba. navTob-dolarebis dagrovebisa da maTi gonivruli
bi axdenen im turistuli produqciis warmoebasa da eq- gamoyenebis xarjze maT SeZles udaburi da kldovani
sports, romelTac SedarebiT ufro maRali efeqtiano- adgilebis turistul oazisebad, walkotebad gadaqce-
45 46
va, sacurao auzebis, sastumroebis da sxva turistuli iqmnebian msoflio turistul bazarze. swored aseT
infrastruqturis mSeneblobis gziT. am Teoriis mixed- monopolistur gigantebad mogvevlinen globaluri tu-
viT ki, turistuli potencialis mxriv, Rarib qveynebSi ristuli kompaniebi.
saerTod SeuZlebeli unda yofiliyo turizmis ganvi- Tanamedrove msoflio meurneobis globalizaciisa
Tareba. am procesebs SemTxveviTi, an erTjeradi xasia- da internacionalizaciis tendencia, turistuli kompa-
Ti rom hqonoda, masze yuradRebas ar gaamaxvilebdnen, niebis monopolisturi poziciebis ganmtkiceba asabu-
magram man miiRo intensiuri saxe. amitom, am Teoriis Tebs saerTaSoriso turizmSi moqmedi kanonzomierebis
amxsnelunarianobis amaRlebis mizniT Seiqmna misi ga- amxsneli meore midgomis WeSmaritebas, mis bevrad uf-
daxalisebis aucilebloba. ro maRal praqtikul Rirebulebas, vidre wina Teoriis
saerTaSoriso turizmSi im droisaTvis moRvawe ganaxlebuli variantisas, radganac Semdgomi periodis
mecnier-ekonomistebi or jgufad daiyo. erTni amar- mkvlevarebma analizSi CarTes SeZenili turistuli
Tlebdnen am modelis WeSmaritebas da, misi amxsnelu- upiratesobani. magaliTad iseTebi, rogoricaa: adgi-
narianobis amaRlebis mizniT, moiTxovdnen analizSi lobrivi istoriul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, erovnuli
sxva, iseT wvrilman faqtorTa CarTvas, rogoricaa: sa- kultura, tradiciebi da turistuli infrastruqtura.
xelmwifos roli, teqnologia, mewarmoebis unari. ana- swored am tipis upiratesobaTa SeZenis xarjze gadaiq-
lizSi wvrilman faqtorTa aRricxvam ramdenadme ga- cnen turizmis msoflio bazarze turistebisaTvis mim-
zarda am Teoriis amxsnelunarianoba, magram igi mainc zidvel da originaluri tur-produqciis SemTavazebel
arasrulyofilia. saxelmwifoebad, bunebriv-klimaturi resursebis flo-
bevrad ufro WeSmaritad afasebs saerTaSoriso bis TvalsazrisiT, iseTi Raribi qveynebi, rogoricaa
turizmSi Seqmnil viTarebas mecnier-ekonomistTa meore arabeTi, egvipte da israeli.
jgufi. maTi Sexedulebis Tanaxmad, saerTaSoriso tu- yovelive es imas amtkicebs, rom saerTaSoriso tu-
ristuli nakadebis mimarTulebaTa dadgena aranair kav- rizmSi Seqmnili Tanamedrove mdgomareoba turistuli
SirSia warmoebis faqtorebiT qveynebis uzrunvelyo- kompaniebisa da qveynebis monopolizaciis Sedegia, rac
fasTan, aramed saerTaSoriso turizmSi arsebuli ten- uaryofs manamde gavrcelebul Sexedulebas imis Sesa-
denciebis ganviTarebis mizezia is faqti, rom qveynebi xeb, rom saerTaSoriso turizmi TiTqos konkurenciul
irCeven maTTvis xelsayreli turistuli produqciis elementebze iyos agebuli. turistuli dargis faqto-
warmoebas da Semdeg iwyeben am tur-produqciis warmoe- ruli uzrunvelyofis Teoriis kraxi ganapiroba im ga-
baSi daspecializirebas, Sedegad, masStabis efeqtis remoebam, rom igi agebuli iyo martiv konkurenciul
kvalobaze, maTi warmoebis danaxarjebi da Sesabamisad modelze. Tanamedrove msoflio ki araa wminda konku-
fasebic mcirdeba. fasobrivi konkurentunarianobis renciuli.
amaRlebis xarjze isini Trgunaven konkurent turis- amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mi-
tul kompaniebs, ierTeben an anadgureben maT. Sedegad, zezTa amxsnelma Teoriulma safuZvlebma Camoyalibeba
maRal doneze daspecializebuli turistuli firmebi daiwyo TviT turistebis qveynebs Soris migraciis
TandaTanobiT msxvildebian da monopolistebad garda- dawyebidan bevrad ufro mogvianebiT. igi ganapiroba ev-
47 48
ropaSi turistuli karCaketilobis rRvevam da qveynebs lis kanoni, snobis efeqti, veblenis efeqti, multipli-
Soris sakmaod mWidro turistuli kavSirebis damyare- katoris efeqti, gulgrilobis (indenferentulobis)
bam. Sedegad saerTaSoriso turizmisadmi warmoiSva mrudi da a. S. moTxovna-miwodebis kanoni amyarebs pir-
ori principuli midgoma: pirveli emxroba qveynebs So- dapirSedegobriv kavSirs tur-produqciis fasebsa da
ris turistebis Tavisufal (yovelgvari sabaJo da savi- mis miwodebas Soris da ukukavSirs tur-produqciaze
zo SezRudvebis gareSe) gadaadgilebas, meore midgoma moTxovnas da fasebs Soris. moTxovnis fasismieri
emxroba saerTaSoriso turizmis regulirebaSi saxel- elastiuroba gviCvenebs imas, Tu ramdeni procentiT
mwifos aqtiur Carevas erovnul ekonomikur interesTa icvleba tur-produqtebze arsebuli moTxovna, Tu misi
dacvis mizniT. turistuli politikis realizaciis fasi Seicvleba 1%-iT. engelis kanonis Tanaxmad, Semo-
dros es ori midgoma inarCunebs arsebobas. savlebis zrdis Sedegad saojaxo biujetis danaxar-
SemzRudavi turistuli politikis momxreTa azriT, jTa saerTo struqturaSi mcirdeba pirveladi moxmare-
gare turizmis regulirebisaTvis saWiroa saxelmwifos bis produqciis SeZenaze gaweul danaxarjTa xvedriTi
mxridan sxvadasxva formiT Careva, am sferos mkacri wili da izrdeba im danaxarjTa wili, romelic gamiz-
kontrolis mizniT. maTi azriT, turistuli politika nulia fufunebis sagnebis SeZenisa da keTildReobis
mimarTuli unda iyos turistebis imigraciis gafarTo- maRali donis uzrunvelsayofad, romelSic Seitaneba
ebaze da adgilobrivi turistebis ucxoeTSi dasasve- turizmic.
neblad gamgzavrebis yovelmxriv SezRudvisaken, magram snobis efeqti aRniSnavs imas, rom turistuli pro-
saerTaSoriso turizmisadmi msgavsma midgomam male ga- duqciis momxmarebels surs ganesxvavos umravlesobisa-
arTula turistebis qveynebs Soris migracia. am Sem- gan. snob-myidveli xandaxan ar yidulobs imas, rasac
TxvevaSi, turistuli potencialis mixedviT, Rarib iZens sxvebi. aq adgili aqvs garemosTan damokidebule-
qveynebTan SedarebiT, upirates viTarebaSi aRmoCndnen bas, romelic Cveulebisamebr moiazreba rogorc umrav-
turistuli industriiTa da infrastruqturiT ganviTa- lesobasTan damokidebulebis efeqti, mxolod snobis
rebuli qveynebi. aseT pirobebSi msoflio turizmi dai- efeqtis dros mas gaaCnia ukumimarTuleba. veblenis
yo dominirebad turistul zonebad. efeqti aisaxeba prestiJul, demonstraciul moTxovneb-
Si. iTvleba, rom zogierTi saxis saqoneli gansakuTre-
biT moswons xalxs. amitom, maTi SeZeniT, elitaruli
saerTaSoriso turizmis marketinguli sazogadoeba cdilobs garSemo myofTaTvis STabeWdi-
koncefcia lebis moxdenas. turizmis sferoSi aseT magaliTs war-
moadgens gansakuTrebiT Zviri SenaZeni turistuli na-
warmi. multiplikatoris efeqti imas niSnavs, rom tu-
turistuli bazris maxasiaTebeli ekonomikuri kano-
ristul saqmianobaSi dabandebuli saSualebebi iZleva
nebi da kategoriebi. turistuli bazris maxasiaTebel
aramarto pirdapir Semosavlebs, aramed moqmedebs eko-
ekonomikur kanonebsa da kategoriebs miekuTvneba: moTx-
nomikis dargobriv struqturaze.
ovna-miwodebis kanoni, elastiurobis koeficienti, enge-
49 50
gulgrilobis (indenferentulobis) mrudi mowmobs 1. es aris saqonlis da momsaxurebis (materialuri
imis Sesaxeb, rom turistuli produqciis momxmarebli- da aramaterialuri) kompleqsi, romelic xasiaTdeba
saTvis xSirad didi mniSvneloba aqvs ara imas, Tu sa- komponentebs Soris rTuli urTierTobiT;
iT miemgzavreba, aramed misTvis mTavaria is, rom turis 2. tur-produqciaze moTxovna Zalian elastiuria
Rirebuleba daemTxves mis finansur SesaZleblobebs Semosavlebisa da fasebis mimarT. igi damokidebulia
(momxmarebelTa biujetismieri SezRuduloba). turis- politikur-ekonomikur stabilurobaze;
tuli saqmianobisaTvis zogierTi ekonomikuri katego- 3. turistuli produqciisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
ria iZens specifikur xasiaTs. magaliTad, iseTi termi- moTxovnis ryevis didi amplituda, radganac igi damo-
ni rogoricaa ~saqoneli”, anu gacvlisaTvis warmoebu- kidebulia cvladebze_sivrcesa da droze;
li produqti, turizmSi faqtiurad gaTanabrebulia 4. tur-produqciis miwodeba araelastiuria, radgan
~tur-produqciis” terminTan, anu es aris nivTobriv da misi gamoyeneba SeiZleba gansazRvrul adgilsa da
aranivTobriv RirebulebaTa erToblioba, romelic ga- droSi. igi ar icvleba drosa da sivrceSi;
miznulia turistebis moTxovnis dasakmayofileblad. 5. tur-produqciis SeqmnaSi monawileobs mravali
turproduqcia formirdeba turistuli paketis saxiT, sawarmo, romelTac gaaCniaT specifikuri moTxovnebi
romelic warmoadgens konkretul turs.1 da miznebi. amitom Znelia turistuli momsaxurebis ma-
saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc ekonomikis diver- Rali xarisxis uzrunvelyofa;
sificirebuli seqtoris, Tavisebureba gansazRvravs 6. turistuli servisis SefasebaSi Warbobs subieq-
turistuli bazris marketinguli koncefciis specifi- tivizmi. turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxze did gavle-
kas. turizmis marketingis Tavisebure-ba gamoixateba nas axdens gare faqtorebi (politika, saerTaSoriso
SemdegSi: 1. turizmi, rogorc ekonomikis erT-erTi Se- situacia, bunebrivi pirobebi da a. S.). Sesabamisad, tu-
madgeneli nawili, xasiaTdeba saerTo seqtoruli maxa- ristuli produqti maRali msyidvelobiTi riskis Sem-
siaTeblebiT, da amdenad, Tanamedrove marketingis Zi- cvelia.
riTadi debulebebi mTlianad miesadageba mas; 2. amas- turizmis seqtorisa da turistuli produqtis spe-
Tan erTad, turizms axasiaTebs is specifikuri seqto- cifika ganapirobebs turizmis marketingisa da seqto-
ruli niSnebi, rac sxva seqtorebisaTvis ar aris dama- ris marketinguli koncefciis Sinaarsobriv Tavisebu-
xasiaTebeli. es aris moxmarebis Tavisebureba. turizmi rebas. turizmis marketingi warmoadgens saqmianobis
moicavs wminda momsaxurebiT vaWrobas da turistuli sistemas, romelic sami ZiriTadi funqciis matarebeli-
saqonlis warmoebas. aqedan gamomdinare, turistuli a: klientebTan kontaqtis damyareba, ganviTareba da
produqtis Tavisebureba SeiZleba Semdegnairad Camoya- kontroli. turizmis msoflio organizaciis ganmarte-
libdes: bis Tanaxmad, turizmi aramarto ekonomikuri, aramed
socialur-kulturuli, ekologiuri da politikuri
movlenaa. aqedan gamomdinare, turizmis marketingis Ta-
viseburebas warmoadgens is, rom am SemTxvevaSi mxedve-
1 www. lrcei.lviv.ua/. Теоретические и практические основы международного lobaSi unda miviRoT dargis diversifikaciis maRali
туризма.
51 52
done (ka-vSirebi sxva seqtorebTan), socialuri da po- xolo misi gayidvis stimulireba ki xdeboda gayidvis
litikuri faqtorebi. mxolod am SemTxvevaSi aris Se- moculobisa da mogebis zrdiT;
saZlebeli turistis, rogorc momxmareblis, agreTve 2. marketingis koncefcia, roca yuradRebis ZiriTa-
turistuli firmebis interesebis gaTvaliswineba. di obieqtia momxmarebelTa moTxovnebi, miznis miRwevis
am specifikurobaTa arsebobis gamo, jer kidev ar saSualeba, xolo mogebis zrdis wyaro ki aris momxma-
aris srulyofilad Camoyalibebuli turizmis marke- rebelTa moTxovnis dakmayofileba.
tingis raoba. Cveni azriT, yvelaze ufro SedarebiT turizmis marketingis Tanamedrove koncefciis ar-
srulyofil ganmartebas iZleva a. b. duroviCi, romlis sia ~moZebneT moTxovnebi da daakmayofileT isini”. am-
TvalsazrisiTac: ~turizmis marketingi aris SeTavaze- gvarad, marketingis koncefcia aris momxmarebelTa
bul momsaxurebaTa Sesabamisoba momsaxurebis im saxe- moTxovnebze orientacia, maT dakmayofilebaze orienti-
ebTan, romlebzec arsebobs sabazro moTxovna da ro- rebul kompleqsur RonisZiebaTa gatareba. qalaq mani-
melTa miwodebac SeuZliaT turistul sawarmoebs uf- laSi (filipinebi) msoflio turizmis Sesaxeb Catare-
ro meti mogebiT, vidre amas akeTeben konkurentebi”. am bul forumze miRebul deklaraciaSi xazgasmiT aris
gansazRvrebis SedarebiTi sisrule gamoixateba imaSi, aRniSnuli, rom turizmi aris ekonomikuri, socialur-
rom igi moicavs ZiriTad momentebs, rac aucilebelia kulturuli, ekologiuri da politikuri movlena.
turizmis marketingisaTvis. kerZod, esenia: 1. moqmedeba- msoflio turistul bazarze qveynis imijis damkvidre-
Ta sistema; 2. marketingi, rogorc uwyveti procesi; 3. ba, swori marketinguli strategiis gansazRvra moiTx-
turistuli firmis moqmedebis dros gare faqtorebis ovs iseTi urTierTdakavSirebuli etapebis ganxorcie-
gaTvaliswineba; 4. momxmarebelTa TvalsazrisiT, tu- lebas, rogoricaa: qveynis turistuli potencialis Se-
ristuli momsaxurebis gansazRvra; 5. momxmarebelTa faseba, misi Zlieri da susti mxareebis dadgena, tu-
moTxovnis prognozireba; 6. mogebis zrdis saSualeba- rizmis ganviTarebis mimarTulebaTa gansazRvra da
Ta gansazRvra. msoflio turistul bazarze erovnuli turistuli
am ganmartebidan gamomdinare, turizmis marketingis produqciis damkvidrebis xelSewyoba. 1
Tanamedrove koncefcia SeiZleba ase Camoyalibdes: ~tu-
ristuli kompaniebis saqmianoba unda ganxorcieldes
turistuli bazris mdgomareobis mixedviT. igi unda
saerTaSoriso turizmis gavlena qveynis
efuZnebodes tur-produqciis potenciur momxmarebelTa
zust codnas, maT Sefasebas, momavalSi maTi cvlilebe-
ekonomikis ganviTarebaze
bis mxedvelobaSi miRebas”. turizmis marketingis kon-
cefciis CamoyalibebaSi gamoiyofa Semdegi ori etapi: saerTaSoriso turizmi XXI-e saukunis erT-erT yve-
1. komerciis intensifikaciis koncefcia, romelic laze swrafad ganviTarebad dargad miiCneva. man moicva
funqcionirebda 1950-60-ian wlebamde. am koncefciis Ta- Cveni yofacxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sfero da realu-
naxmad, yuradRebis obieqti iyo turistuli produqti,
1 margvelaSvili m. turistuli bazris marketinguli koncefcia.
`socialuri ekonomika”, #2. gamomc Tsu. Tb.2002 gv.115.
53 54
rad Secvala garemomcveli samyaro. saerTaSoriso tu- na planze gamodis dargis ekonomikuri aspeqtis prio-
rizmi, rogorc msoflio ekonomikis sakmaod rentabe- ritetuloba.
luri dargi, qveynis erovnuli ekonomikis da biznesis saerTaSoriso turizmis masobriobisa da misi mniS-
warmatebuli ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani faqtori gax- vnelobis ganuxreli zrda xels uwyobs turizmis mra-
da. msoflio turizmi metad mniSvnelovani socoalur- valferovani fenomenis sazogadoebriv da ekologiur
ekonomikuri movlenaa, romlis gavlenac ganuwyvetliv gaaqtiurebas. sul ufro mniSvnelovani xdeba am dar-
izrdeba rogorc qveynis ekonomikaSi, ise sazogadoeba- gis rolis gamokvleva qveynis ekonomikaSi da misi
Si mTlianad. turizmis ganviTareba pirdapirkavSirSia efeqtianobis gansazRvra. amasTan erTad, ekonomikuri
socialur, kulturul, saganmanaTleblo da ekonomi- analizis obieqtad SeiZleba CaiTvalos ara marto tu-
kur sferoze, qveynebis ekonomikur urTierTobebze. rizmi, aramed turistuli dargTaSorisi kompleqsi tu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc mravalferovani ristuli industriis CaTvliT, romelic flobs yvela-
fenomenis, ekonomikuri analizisTvis did mniSvnelobas ze mZlavr materialur-teqnikur bazas. swored turis-
iZens qveynis ekonomikaSi misi rolis gamokveTa da tuli industria uzrunvelyofs yvelaze met samuSao
efeqtianobis zrda. igi uzrunvelyofs qveyanaSi ucxou- adgils, dargTaSorisi kompleqsis yvela Semadgenel
ri valutis Semotanas, samuSao adgilebis Seqmnas, si- seqtors Soris urTierTkavSirs. turizmis efeqtianoba
Raribis daZlevas, mosaxleobis socialur-ekonomikuri mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli turistuli indus-
keTildReobis amaRlebasa da Sesabamisad qveynis eko- triis mravalmxriv ganviTarebaze, mis swor organiza-
nomikuri ganviTarebis daCqarebas. saerTaSoriso tu- ciasa da menejmentze, qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri
rizmi uzrunvelyofs qveyanaSi yvelaze maRal saeq- kompleqsis sxva dargebTan kavSirze.
sporto Semosavlebs, sagadasaxado balansSi defici- turizmis rolis gansazRvra rogorc saerTaSori-
tis aRmofxvras, ucxouri investiciebis Semodinebas. so, ise qveynis ekonomikaSi dakavSirebulia meTodur
ucxouri investiciebi xmardeba Zveli turistuli in- sirTuleebTan, statistikuri aRricxvis arasrulyofi-
frastruqturis reabilitaciasa da axlis Seqmnas, tu- lebasTan da a.S., magram mTlianobaSi turizmis ekono-
ristebisa da zogadad mosaxleobis cxovrebis pirobe- mikuri efeqtianobis gansazRvris meTodebSi arsebul
bis gaumjobesebas, saxelmwifos finansuri mdgradobis naklovanebaTa miuxedavad, analitikur gamokvlevebSi
amaRlebas da sxva miznebis miRwevas. farTod gamoiyeneba qveynis ekonomikuri zrdis stimu-
turizmi qmnis, ekonomikis sxva dargebTan Sedare- lirebis, sagareo ekonomikuri efeqtis (savaluto Semo-
biT, ufro met samuSao adgils, xels uwyobs siRaribis savlebis) axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis, regionebis
daZlevas, depresiul regionebSi biznesis gamococxle- socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis daCqarebis stimu-
bas, Semosavlebis gamoTanabrebas, maRalmTian sofleb- lirebis da sxva maCveneblebs, romelTa gamoyenebis
Si Semosavlebis zrdas, mosaxleobis SenarCunebas Ta- marTlzomiereba eWvs ar iwvevs.
vianT tradiciul sacxovrebel adgilebSi da urbani- turizmis gavlena qveynis ekonomikaze SeiZleba ga-
zaciis problemis mogvarebas. amasTan erTad, saerTa- nisazRvros mxolod ekonomikuri SedegebiT, rac vlin-
Soriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamedrove etapze wi- deba ramdenime formiT: 1. turizmis swori menejmentisa
55 56
da organizaciis pirobebSi mas swrafad moaqvs mogeba; vi, momuSave qalTa raodenoba, gviani qorwinebis, uSvi-
2. turizmis meSveobiT SeiZleba ganxorcieldes amaTu- lo ojaxTa ricxvi da a.S. yvelaferi es zrdis adamian-
im saqonlis ~uxilavi eqsporti”. kerZod, dasvenebisa Ta survils mogzaurobisadmi. turizmi ganapirobebs
da mogzaurobis dros ucxoeli turisti moTxovnas demografiul cvlilebebs.
qmnis aramarto turistul saqonelze, aramed yovel- sazogadoebaze turizmis mzardi gavlenis gamo,
dRiuri moxmarebis produqtzec. am gziT moxmarebuli friad aqtualuria misi efeqtianobis Seswavlis sa-
saqoneli ukve sazRvargareT aris ~eqsportirebuli”, im kiTxi. turizmis sferoSi miRebuli efeqti ganisazR-
gansxvavebiT, rom nacvlad am saqonlis ucxoeTSi gata- vreba turist-damTvalierebelTa ricxviT, an turis-
nisa (romelsac Tan axlavs damatebiTi satransporto tul-komerciuli struqturebis saqmianobis moculo-
da sabaJo xarjebis gaweva), Tavad ucxoeli turistebi biT, romlebic awarmoeben specifikur turistul pro-
Camodian qveyanaSi mis SesaZenad; 3. turistuli kom- duqts. vinaidan turistuli saqmianoba tradiciuli
pleqsis funqcionireba mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebu- warmodgenis farglebs scildeba da moicavs saqmiano-
li masTan momijnave dargebis (soflis meurneobis, kvebis farTo diapazons, amitom misi efeqti unda ganixi-
bis mrewvelobis, transportis, mSeneblobis, komunalu- lebodes gansakuTrebuli tipis momxmareblis moTxov-
ri meurneobis, kavSirgabmulobis, vaWrobisa da sxvaTa) nis gaTvaliswinebiT.1
ganviTarebaze; 4. turizmi stimuls aZlevs socialur- ucxoeli turistebi yoveli qveynisTvis warmoadgens
kulturuli infrastruqturis aRmavlobas da adamian- sikeTes, im TvalsazrisiT, rom isini stimuls aZleven
Ta cxovrebis pirobebis gaumjobesebas.1 erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebas, uzrunvelyofen
qveyanaSi turizmis industriis ganviTarebasa da sa- ucxouri valutis Semosavals da exmarebian im obieqte-
erTo ekonomikur, teqnikur da socialur miRwevaTa So- bis mSeneblobis dafinansebas, romliTac SeuZlia
ris pirdapirproporciuli kavSiria. mravali ganviTa- isargeblos yvela moqalaqem. swored ucxoeli turis-
rebadi qveynisaTvis turizmi warmoadgens ekonomikis tebis xarjebi iZleva erovnul da adgilobriv doneze
ganviTarebis fundamentur dargs. bolo dros turiz- turizmis ekonomikuri zemoqmedebis Sefasebis SesaZ-
mis saerTo moculobaSi izrdeba rogorc saqmiani, ase- leblobas. aranakleb mniSvnelovania saSinao da saga-
ve sapensio asakis mogzaurTa ricxvi. ekonomikurad gan- reo turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis Seswavla. tu-
viTarebul qveynebSi cxovrebis donis amaRleba ganapi- rizmis wvlilis zrda moqalaqeTaAsaerTo ekonomikur
robebs dasaqmebu-lTa saSvebulebo drois zrdas da keTildReobaSi warmoadgens strategiul mizans, ro-
sapensio uzrunvelyofis maRal dones. am qveynebSi pen- gorc ganviTarebuli, ise ganviTarebadi qveynebisaTvis.
siaze gasvla xdeba SedarebiT adreul asakSi, izrdeba msoflio turistuli organizaciis eqspertebi miu-
finansurad damoukidebel, martoxela adamianTa ricx- TiTeben, rom arsebobs gamokveTili kavSiri qveynis sa-
erTo ekonomikur mdgomareobasa da turizmis ganviTa-
1 miqaSaviZe m. miqaSaviZe J. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi da
perspeqtivebi. turizmis ganviTarebis socialur-ekonomikuri
problemebi. gamomcemloba `baTumis universiteti”, baTumi, 2007, 1 inwkirveli m. turizmis ganviTarebis mdgomareoba saqarTvelo-
gv. _ 5-11; Si. // ekonomika _ 2006 # 9-10 _ gv. 89.
57 58
rebis tendenciebs Soris. saerTaSoriso turizms didi danaxarjebma SeiZleba daaCqaros moTxovniT gamowveu-
mniSvneloba aqvs nebismieri qveynis ekonomikur ganviTa- li inflacia.
rebaSi _ gansakuTrebiT mcire erebisaTvis, romelTac turistebis mier mogzaurobaze gaweuli danaxarje-
SezRuduli erovnuli resursebi da gasaRebis mcire bis Sedegad mimReb qveyanaSi iqmneba Semosavali, rome-
Sida bazrebi aqvT. aseT qveynebs ar SeuZliaT mxolod lic ganisazRvreba rogorc daniSnulebis adgilas ma-
adgilobrivi moxmarebisaTvis saWiro raodenobis sama- Ti mogzaurobisas stumrebis mier gaweuli samomxmareb-
mulo produqciis warmoebiT masStabis efeqtis uzrun- lo xarjebis erToblioba. turistebi anazRaureben maT
velyofa. Sesabamisad, ucxoeli turistebis mozidva, momsaxurebaze gaweul Semdeg xarjebs: 1. kompleqsur
upiratesobis flobis mixedviT, qmnis warmoebis resur- mogzaurobaze; 2. momsaxurebis paketze; 3. ganTavsebaze;
suli uzrunvelyofisa da adgilobrivi produqciis op- 4. kvebasa da sasmelze; 5. transportze; 6. rekreaciuli
timalurad warmoebis SesaZleblobas. da sportuli saqmianobis saxeze; 7. samomxmareblo sa-
turizms safuZvlad udevs aramarto socialur- qonelze (romelic warmoadgens mogzaurobis ganuyo-
kulturuli, aramed ekonomikuri faqtorebic. dReisaT- fel nawils) da 8. samedicino momsaxurebaze.
vis turizmi warmoadgens mZlavr msoflio industrias. turistuli xarjebi gavlenas axdens im qveynis
ekonimikuri TvalsazrisiT, igi aris turistul bazar- ekonomikaze, sadac mogzaurobs turisti. Sesabamisad
ze funqcionirebad, urTierdakavSirebul sawarmoTa turistul xarjebs mimRebi qveynisaTvis moaqvs Semdegi
erToblioba, romlebic pirdapir Tu iribad zemoqmede- ekonomikuri sargebeli:
ben erTmaneTze da ewevian turistul serviss. qveynis 1. turizms udidesi wvlili Seaqvs erovnul Semo-
masStabiT ki igi warmoadgens erovnuli ekonomikuri savalSi. turistebs SeaqvT ucxouri valuta im qveyana-
sistemis erT-erT Semadgenel nawils, erTiani socia- Si, sadac isini mogzauroben. turizmi iZleva mniSvne-
lur-ekonomikuri kompleqsis qvesistemas. misi mizania lovani raodenobis ucxouri valutis Semodinebis Se-
Seiswavlos is ekonomikuri urTierToba, romelic war- saZleblobas, miT umetes, ucxouri valutis Semosvla
moiqmneba turizmis sferoSi tur-produqciis warmoe- warmoebs aramarto turistuli paketis (turis) anazRa-
bis, ganawilebisa da moxmarebisas turistul bazarze urebis saxiT, aramed turistul centrebSi damsvene-
klientTa moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebisTvis. belTa yoveldRiuri xarjisaTvis damatebiTi momsaxu-
qveynis ekonomika da turizmi mWidrod urTierTqme- rebis gawevis, valutis gadamcvlel punqtebSi fulis
deben erTmaneTze. turizmis ekonomikuri buneba misi gacvlis da sxva mravali gziT;
arsidan gamomdinareobs. turizmi, rogorc qveynis eko- 2. turistuli sawarmos Seqmnas moaqvs mogeba, rad-
nomikis mniSvnelovani nawili uzrunvelyofs adgilob- ganac igi klientebs sTavazobs tur-produqts, daqira-
rivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebas, ucxouri valutis Semo- vebul muSakebs_xelfass, aqcionerebs_mogebas, saxel-
dinebas. turizmis ekonomikuri buneba gulisxmobs imas, mwifos_ gadasaxadebsa da mosakreblebs;
rom turistma gaweuli momsaxurebis sanacvlod fuli 3. turizmi qmnis axal samomxmareblo moTxovnas.
unda gadauxados im qveyanas, romelic mas maspinZlobs. turistebis moTxovnileba sxvadasxva saqonelsa da
ucxoeli turistebis mier qveyanaSi gaweulma mzardma momsaxurebaze iZleva adgilobrivi mrewvelobis ganvi-
59 60
Tarebis SesaZleblobas, amis wyalobiT viTardeba sa- ucxoeli turistebis miRebasa da sakuTari mosaxleo-
momxmareblo saqonlis warmoeba da maRldeba mosaxle- bis turistul gasvlebTan. aqedan gamomdinare, qveynis
obis cxovrebis done; saerTaSoriso turistuli saqmianoba efeqtiani iqneba
4. turizmis ganviTarebas Tan axlavs gamofenebis mxolod im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac turizmidan miRebuli
organizeba, muzeumebis, memorialuri kompleqsebis, Zeg- Semosavlebi gadaaWarbebs qveynidan dasasveneblad ga-
lebis mSenebloba, Sou-biznesisa da kino-biznesis gan- suli sakuTari mosaxleobis mier sazRvargareT gawe-
viTareba, romelTac, Tavis mxriv, moaqvT sargebeli ad- ul turistul danaxarjebs.
gilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvis; zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, turistuli pro-
5. sazogadoebrivi transportisa da manqanebis gaqi- duqtis mravalsaxeoba gansxvavebulad aRiqmeba, rac
ravebis saagentoebi, avtobusebis eqskursiebisaTvis ga- specifikur menejerul midgomas moiTxovs. am mimarTe-
moyeneba da adgilobrivi aviakompaniebis momsaxureba biT sayuradReboa turistul firmaSi marketinguli
zrdian turistul Semosavals; samsaxuris gaZlierebuli funqcionireba. kerZod, eseni-
6. turistebisTvis momzadebuli suvenirebi Semosav- a: marketinguli informaciis Segrovebis, damuSavebis
lis da dasaqmebis wyaroa mosaxleobisaTvis. da gavrcelebis sistemis srulyofa, marketinguli kon-
turizmi qmnis dasvenebis struqturas, romelic Se- troli da sxva. am dargis winsvla xels uwyobs sxva
iZleba gamoyenebul iqnes aramarto turistebisaTvis, seqtorSi dasaqmebas.
aramed adgilobrivi mosaxleobisaTvisac. axali turis-
tuli centrebis gamovlenas axlavs servisis, savaWro
da gasarTobi sawarmoebis, gzebisa da plaJebis mSeneb- saerTaSoriso turizmis multiplikaciuri
loba, rac dadebiTad aisaxeba garemomcvel infras- efeqti
truqturaze, samomxmareblo bazarze da sxva samewar-
meo saqmianobaze. ganviTarebuli turistuli infras- amrigad, erovnul ekonomikaze turizmis finansuri
truqtura warmoadgens mosaxleobis cxovrebis donis gavlenis Sefaseba efuZneba turistul danaxarjebs,
maCvenebels. amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTa- xolo am ukanasknelTa zemoqmedebis gaangariSeba xdeba
reba qveynis ekonomikisaTvis ualternativo saSualeba- multiplikatoris daxmarebiT. igi gamoxatavs gansazR-
a.1 vrul Tanafardobas funqcionalur damokidebulebaSi
turistuli infrastruqturis mixedviT ganviTarebu- myof or an met cvlad parametrs (Semosavlebs, dasaq-
li qveynebi miiswrafvian ekonomikis am dargisagan maq- mebas da sxvaTa) Soris.
simaluri sargeblis miRebisaken. turizmis ekonomikuri pirdapiri ekonomikuri efeqtis (turistuli saqon-
efeqti ganisazRvreba Semosavlebisa da xarjebis ba- lisa da momsaxurebis SeZenaze gaweuli danaxarjebis)
lansis saldos sididiT, romelic dakavSirebulia garda, turizmi agreTve axdens meorad efeqts, rome-
lic vlindeba gansazRvrul drosa da adgilze saqon-
1 xazaraZe n. turistuli menejmentis ekonomikuri da socialuri
lisa da momsaxurebis SeZenisas turistebis danaxarje-
efeqtianoba. èkonomika”. Tb., 2009, # 1-2 gv: 192. bis ganmeorebadobis efeqtiT. rodesac turisti xar-
61 62
javs fuls transportSi, sastumroSi, restoranSi, am jeto Semosavlebis doneze. multiplikatoris zoma da-
dros warmoebs fulis recirkulacia. misi meSveobiT mokidebulia ekonomikuri sistemidan xarjebis gaJonvis
Seisyideba is axali saqoneli da momsaxureba, romel- masStabebze, anu imaze, Tu rogoria importisadmi, da-
Tac moixmaren turistebi momavalSi. amas, Tavis mxriv, zogvisadmi da gadasaxadebis gadaxdisadmi zRvruli
Tavidan moaqvs fuli da es cikli meordeba uwyvetad. midrekileba.1 amrigad, turizmi yoveli konkretuli
amdenad, turizmi iribad zemoqmedebs qveynis, regionis qveynisaTvis uaRresad mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri seg-
ekonomikaze, rodesac turizmi axdens saqonelsa da menti da specifikuri dargia, radganac yoveli turis-
momsaxurebaze meoradi moTxovnis generirebas. turiz- tuli produqti unikaluria yvela aspeqtSi.
mis iribi wvlili qveynis ekonomikaze vlindeba turis- turistebis mier dasvenebis adgilze daxarjuli
tul danaxarjTa ganmeorebadobis efeqtiT saqonlisa fuli erTdroulad qmnis Semosavals mimRebi qveynebi-
da momsaxurebis SeZenisas. saTvis (regionisaTvis). SemdegSi es Semosavali izrde-
garda amisa, turistuli industriis TanamSromle- ba jaWvuri reaqciiT _ xarjebi-Semosavali-xarjebi-Se-
bi fulis did nawils xarjaven Tavisive regionSi, yi- mosavali da a.S... yoveli gamomuSavebuli lari, saSua-
duloben sxvadasxva saxis saqonelsa da momsaxurebas. lebebis pirvel brunvaze miRebuli Semosavlis saxiT,
es jaWvuri reaqcia grZeldeba manamde, vidre ar moxde- iricxeba sawarmoos balansze, xolo Semdeg ki Tavad
ba fulis sazRvargareT ~gaJonva”. pirvelad Semosav- sawarmos ganviTarebis mizniT, danaxarjebis saxiT, ga-
lebTanaa dakavSirebuli turistuli danaxarjebis Sem- dis sawarmos angariSidan. turistuli sawarmosaTvis
dgomi cikli, romelic warmoqmnis, Tavis mxriv, mul- sabolo angariSiT miiReba nazardi Semosavali. turiz-
tiplikaciur efeqts. igi iqmneba regionSi turistuli midan miRebuli mogeba kvlav gadadis adgilobriv eko-
danaxarjebis cirkulaciis Sedegad. rac ufro metia nomikur wrebrunvaSi da iZleva gadidebul efeqts, fu-
qveynis an regionis SigniT daxarjuli fulis xvedri- ladi saxsrebis jami rCeba regionSi. es procesi ax-
Ti wili xarjebis saerTo moculobaSi, miT ufro ma- dens irib gavlenas qveynis ekonomikaze. turistebisgan
Ralia tu-ristul danaxarjTa multiplikaciuri efeq- miRebuli fulis nawili midis dagrovebis fondSi. na-
ti. Tu adgilobriv ekonomikas SeuZlia awarmoos saqo- wili afinansebs sawarmos danaxarjebs.
ne-li da momsaxureba, romelic sargeblobs turiste- wlis ganmavlobaSi Semosuli turistebis (T) mier
bis moTxovniT, maSin Zalian mniSvnelovani iqneba tu- daxarjuli Tanxa (turizmidan miRebuli pirveladi Se-
ristul danaxarjTa multiplikaciuri efeqti. turiz- mosavali) _У(T) gamoiTvleba formuliT:
mis multiplikaciuri gavlena vlindeba imaSi, rom У(T)pirv. = M x T (1 _ m _ s), -------------------- I.1.
jaWvuri reaqciis Sedegad, erTi turistidan miRebuli
Semosavlebi aRemateba im fulad Tanxas, romelic mis
mier daixarja Casvlis adgilas.
multiplikatoris efeqti gansazRvravs ekonomikaSi 1.miqaSaviZe m. miqaSaviZe J. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi da
calkeuli saqmianobidan miRebuli Semosavlebis gavle- perspeqtivebi. turizmis ganviTarebis socialur-ekonomikuri
nis xarisxs mTlian ekonomikaze, dasaqmebisa da sabiu- problemebi. gamomcemloba `baTumis universiteti”, baTumi, 2007,
gv. _ 13-17.
63 64
sadac M aris erTi turistis mier dasvenebisas da- bulni importze, da Sesabamisad turistuli produqte-
xarjuli Tanxis saSualo nominaluri sidide; T aris bis importisadmi zRvruli midrekileba am qveynebSi ma-
wlis ganmavlobaSi qveyanaSi Semosuli turistebis ra- Ralia, xolo erToblivi moxmarebis saerTo struqtu-
odenoba; m aris turistebis mier sazRvargareTidan im- raSi adgilobrivi turistuli produqciis moxmarebis
portirebuli tur-produqciis Sesyidvisadmi zRvruli wili ki _ dabali. magaliTad, saqarTveloSi, sadac er-
midrekileba. xolo _ s ki aris turizmis seqtoridan Toblivi moxmarebis 80 % modis importul produqcia-
miRebuli pirveladi Semosavlis nawili, romelic aku- ze, Semosavlis yoveli dolaridan 0,2 dolari izogeba,
mulirdeba danazogebSi. darCenili 0,8 dolaris 80% (0,64 dol) gaedineba ucxo-
Tu gaviTvaliswinebT imas, rom gamokvlevebis Tanax- eTSi, xolo adgilobrivi nawarmis SeZenaze ki ixarje-
mad, qveynis SigniT daxarjuli yoveli dolaridan saba 0,16 dol. e. i. saqarTveloSi turizmis multiplika-
Sualod 0,3 dol. ixarjeba importuli nawarmis SeZena- ciuri efeqti iqneba У(T)=0,16 x M x T;
ze, 0,2 dolari izogeba, maSin turistis mier daxarju- amrigad, rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans,
li yoveli dolaridan samamulo nawarmis SeZenas (anu erovnul ekonomikasTan mimarTebaSi turizms gaaCnia
mTliani Sida produqciis zrdas) moxmardeba mxolod multiplikaciuri efeqti. mTlian Sida produqciasa da
0,5 dol. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom did masSi gaweuli turistuli danaxarjebis multiplika-
saxelmwifoebSi (magaliTad, CineTSi, indoeTSi, aSS-Si. tors Soris arsebobs korelaciuri urTierTdamokide-
iaponiaSi, inglisSi, ruseTSi daa.S.) importisadmi buleba. mSp-s mniSvnelobaze turizmis multiplikato-
zRvruli midrekileba, msoflioSi gavrcelebul, mis ris damokidebulebis gantolebis Sesadgenad saWiroa
saSualo normasTan SedarebiT dabalia da yovel do- gamoyenebuli iqnes korelaciur-regresiuli analizi.
larze is meryeobs 0,1 dolaris farglebSi, anu yoveli regresiis gantolebis, wrfivi funqciis saxiT, gamosax-
turistis mier daxarjuli erTeulovani dolaridan 0,7 vis Sedegad miviRebT mSp-ze (Y) turizmis multiplika-
dolari adgilobrivi produqciis SeZenas xmardeba, ma- toruli gavlenis efeqtis_anu turizmsa da mis monaTe-
Sin sruliad dabejiTebiT SegviZlia vamtkicoT, rom save dargebSi dabandebuli, pirveladi kapitalis Sem-
didi zomis qveynebSi mSp-sTan mimarTebaSi turizmis dgomi mimoqcevis Sedegad warmoebuli Semosavlebis
multiplikaciuri efeqti SedarebiT maRalia. radganac ganmsazRvrel Semdeg formulas:
erToblivi moxmarebis struqturaSi importirebuli n
turistuli produqciis xvedriTi wili SedarebiT mci-
У(T)mult. = ∑ K(T)i x (1 +ПK(T)i) t -------- I.2.
rea, xolo tur-produqciis moxmarebis done ki _ maRa- i=1
li.
sadac У(T)mult. aris turizmisa da misi monaTesave
rac Seexeba mcire erebs, patara qveynebSi mSp-sTan
dargebidan miRebuli Semosavlebis mier mTlian ekono-
mimarTebaSi turizmis multiplikaciuri efeqti Seda-
mikaze moxdenili multiplikaciuri efeqti;
rebiT dabalia da igi uaxlovdeba 0-s, radganac patara
qveynebSi importze damokidebulebis xarisxi gacile-
biT ufro maRalia, isini ufro metad arian damokide-
65 66
K(T)i _ turizmSi da masTan dakavSirebul i-ur dar- Ta dakmayofilebis mizniT, gare turizmi ewodeba, xo-
gSi turizmidan dabandebuli kapitali;1 lo sxvadasxva qveynebs Soris turistebis moZraobas
n_turizmTan korelaciaSi myof dargTa raodenoba Tavis erTobliobaSi _ saerTaSoriso turizmi.
(romelSic Sedis Tavad turizmis dargic); arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdegi saxeebi:
ПK(T)i aris i-ur dargSi turizmidan dabandebuli ka- gasarTobi, SemecnebiTi, saTavgadasavlo, agraruli, sa-
pitalis wrebrunvis xarjze miRebuli mogebis Sefar- moqalaqo sportuli, samkurnalo, gamajansaRebeli, saq-
debiTi sidide (gamosaxuli procentebSi); miani, samecniero, sakongreso da a. S. saerTaSoriso
turizmis maxasiaTebeli niSnebia Semdegi: 1. Sromis sa-
t wlebis ricxvia, romlis dros funqcionirebda
erTaSoriso danawilebaze dafuZnebuloba; 2. fulad-
turizmidan dabandebuli kapitali i-ur dargSi.
sakredito urTierTobiTi xasiaTi; 3. sabazro princi-
Sveicariel ekonomistTa azriT, turizmidan miRebu-
pebze dafuZnebuloba; 4. konkurenciis arseboba. saerTa-
li Semosavlis multiplikatoris efeqti diferencir-
Soriso turizmis ganviTarebis principebia Semdegi: 1.
deba sxvadasxva qveynisa da regionis specifikis mixed-
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmSi gamoricxuli un-
viT da meryeobs 1,2-dan 4-mde.
da iyos partniori firmebis dazaraleba erTmaneTis
mizeziT; 2. saerTaSoriso turizmi xels unda uwyobdes
teqnikuri progresis sasargeblo gamoyenebas; 3. gamo-
reziume:
ricxuli unda iyos eTnokonfliqtebi da a. S.
arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Sem-
amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi aris dasvenebis,
degi pirobebi: 1. msoflio meurneobis erTianoba; 2. sa-
garTobis, sulieri da fizikuri gajansaRebis, ucxoe-
bazro ekonomikis funqcionireba; 3. savaluto-sakredi-
Tis qveynebis RirsSesaniSnaobebis daTvalierebis, gac-
to, sainformacio da SromiTi resursebiT sargebloba;
nobis, samecniero-biznes forumebis, konferenciebisa
4. transerovnuli kompaniebiT monopoliebis warmoqmna;
da sxva saxis Sexvedrebis organizebis mizniT adamiane-
5. saerTaSoriso turizmis regulireba; 6. sakuTari tu-
bis erTi qveynidan sxva qveynebSi droebiT gamgzavreba.
ristuli infrastruqturis Seqmna. turistuli bazris
erTi qveynis moqalaqeTa droebiT gamgzavrebas sxva
maxasiaTebel ekonomikur kanonebsa da kategoriebs mie-
qveynebSi, ama Tu im saxeobis turistul moTxovnileba-
kuTvneba moTxovna-miwodebis kanoni, elastiurobis koe-
ficienti, engelis kanoni, snobis efeqti, veblenis efeq-
n
1 unda aRiniSnos, rom У(T)pirv. =∑K(T) i, anu turizmidan miti, multiplikatoris efeqti, gulgrilobis (indenfe-
i=1 rentulobis) mrudi da a.S. wlis ganmavlobaSi qveyana-
Rebuli pirveladi Semosavali da am pirveladi Semosavlis Si Semosuli turistebis (T) mier daxarjuli Tanxa
xarjze turizmsa da masTan monaTesave dargebSi dabandebuli
kapitali erTidaigive sididea, oRond pirvel SemTxvevaSi igi У(T) gamoiTvleba formuliT: У(T)pirv.= M x T (1_m_s),
warmodgenilia turizmis seqtorSi miRebuli Semosavlis saxiT, xolo mSp-ze (Y) turizmis multiplikatoruli zegav-
xolo meore SemTxvevaSi ki igi gamosaxulia turizmsa da masTan
monaTesave seqtorebis dargobriv WrilSi ganawilebuli
lenis efeqti gamoiTvleba formuliT:
kapitalis saxiT. n
67 68
У(T)mult.=∑ K(T)i x (1 +ПK(T)i) t b) saerTaSoriso turizmi;
i=1 g) gare turizmi;
d) arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori.
saerTaSoriso turizmis aRmavlobaze udides gavle-
nas axdens marketingul samsaxurTa gaZlierebuli fun-
3. Sromis saerTaSoriso danawilebaze dafuZnebuloba,
qcionireba, romelTac ganekuTvneba marketinguli in-
fulad-sakredito urTierTobiTi xasiaTi, sabazro
formaciis Segrovebis, damuSavebis da gavrcelebis
principebze dayrdnoba, konkurenciis arseboba aris:
sistemis srulyofa, marketingguli kontroli da sxva.
a) saerTaSoriso turizmis maxasiaTebeli niSnebi;
ZiriTadi terminologia: b) saerTaSoriso turizmis xelSemwyobi pirobebi;
g) saerTaSoriso turizmis principebi;
- saerTaSoriso, gare da Sida turizmi; d) saerTaSoriso turizmis saxeebi.
- turizmis dadebiTi da uaryofiTi saldo; 4. ~tur-produqciis momxmarebels surs ganesxvavos um-
- gasarTobi da SemecnebiTi turizmi; ravlesobisagan” _ am mosazrebas gamoxatavs:
- saTavgadasavlo da agraruli turizmi; a) moTxovna-miwodebis kanoni;
- samoqalaqo turizmi; b) elastiurobis koeficienti;
- sportul-gamajansaRebeli turizmi; g) engelis kanoni,
- saqmiani, samecniero da sakongreso turizmi; d) snobis efeqti;
e) veblenis efeqti;
testebi: v) multiplikatoris efeqti;
z) gulgrilobis (indenferentulobis) mrudi.
1. arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis Semswavleli Sem-
degi meTodebi:
a) mecnieruli abstraqciis, istoriuli da statis-
tikuri meTodebi;
b) socialuri da fsiqologiuri meTodebi;
g) geografiuli da ekonomikuri meTodebi;
d) analizisa da sinTezis meTodebi;
e) maTematikuri kvlevis meTodebi;
v) grafikuli meTodebi.
2. turistul moTxovnaTa dasakmayofileblad erTi

qveynis moqalaqeTa gamgzavrebas sxva qveynebSi ewo-
deba:
a) Sida turizmi;
69 70
Tavi 2. Sendeboda specialuri obieqtebi. mag, msoflios Svidi
saocreba.
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
istoria da Tanamedrove mdgomareoba saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis istoria
sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoebSi sxvadasxva moti-
turizmis industriis procesi da monawileTa ur-
viT turistebis mogzauroba uxsovari droidan aris
TierTobis primitiuli sawyisebi jer kidev Sua sauku-
cnobili. saerTaSoriso turizmi aris saerTaSoriso
neebSi arsebobda. igi agreTve iTvaliswinebda evropis
ekonomikur urTierTobaTa erT-erTi, istoriulad pir-
qveynebidan wminda adgilebSi religiuri aRmsareblo-
veli forma, romelic uZveles droSi Caisaxa. magram,
bis ritualebis Catarebis mizniT gamgzavrebis organi-
misi ganviTareba dakavSirebulia qveynebs Soris karCa-
zebas. imisaTvis, rom vinme sazRvargareTis eklesia-mo-
ketilobis rRvevasTan. saerTaSoriso turizmi istori-
nastrebSi salocavad gamgzavrebuliyo, aucilebeli
ulad pirvelad Caisaxa maSin, rodesac erT regionSi
iyo Suamavlis meSveobiT gamoeTxova nebarTva romis
Semavali qveynebis calkeulma adamianebma an adamianTa
papisgan, Semdeg miemarTa specializebuli organizacii-
jgufebma gadawyvites sxvadasxva motiviT droebiT ga-
saTvis, romelic arCevda, akompleqtebda mlocvelTa
dasuliyvnen mezobeli, mosazRvre qveynis teritoriaze.
jgufebs, uzrunvelyofda maT gamgzavrebiT, ganTavse-
saerTaSoriso turizmi pirvelad ganviTarda maRalgan-
biT, kvebiT, dacviTa da sxva aucilebeli atributebiT.
viTarebul qveynebSi, sadac samuSao drois wliur, ka-
yovel mlocvels Sehqonda mogzaurobisaTvis aucile-
lendarul reJimSi gamoiyo saSvebulebo da dasvenebis
beli da sakmarisi Tanxa. rac aTavisuflebda mas mog-
dro. dasvenebis drois dadgenis mizniT, daqiravebul
zaurobaSi fulis didi Tanxis tarebisagan. amdenad,
muSakebsa da damqiraveblebs Soris formdeboda xel-
turistuli saqmianobis yvela elementi, dafinansebis
Sekruleba. istoriulad msoflio ekonomikis arcerT
CaTvliT, adrec arsebobda da cotaTi Tu gansxvavde-
dargSi ar yofila iseTi bumi, rogorc es moxda saer-
boda mogzaurobis gaformebis dRevandeli meTodebisa-
TaSoriso turizmSi.
gan.
adamianebs yovelTvis hqondaT miswrafeba dasvene-
Tavdapirvelad turistul mogzaurobas SemTxvevi-
bisa da mogzaurobisaken. SeiZleba iTqvas, rom moTxov-
Ti, qaosuri da araregularuli xasiaTi hqonda. Semdeg-
nileba dasvenebaze gaCnda maSin, rodesac adamianebma
Si man miiRo ufro organizebuli saxe. gamoikveTa tu-
daiwyo Sroma. Zvel egvipteSi, sparseTSi, babilonSi,
ristuli nakadebis mimarTulebebi da masStabebi. Tavi-
antikur saberZneTSi da romSi popularuli iyo garTo-
anTi bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebisa da SeZenili tu-
bis iseTi formebi, rogoricaa nadiroba, doRi, Widao-
ristuli upiratesobebis xarjze zogierTi qveyana ga-
ba, krivi, mSvildosnoba da sxva. droTaA ganmavlobaSi
daiqca turistebis mimReb imigrant qveynad, zogic ki –
dasveneba ufro mravalferovani da organizebuli gax-
turistebis gamgzavn donor saxelmwifod. Tumca, Tana-
da, turistebis cnobismoyvareobis dakmayofilebisTvis
medrove etapze, investiciebis denadobis msgavsad, ar-
cerTi qveyana ar aris turistebis mxolod eqsportio-
71 72
ri an mxolod importiori. erTidaigive qveyana er- aramed paralelur reJimSi awyobdnen sxvadasxva saxis
Tdroulad SeiZleba awarmoebdes turistebis rogorc forumebs, konferenciebs da a. S. yovelive es zrdida
miRebas, ise maT gagzavnas, oRond gansxvavebulia maTi turistebis mgzavrobis dros daxarjuli yoveli do-
imigraciisa da emigraciis masStabebi. ufro metic er- laris Rirebulebas.
Tidaigive turisti erT sezonze SeiZleba Semovides Tu adre turistuli procesebi sezonur xasiaTs
mocemul qveyanaSi dasasveneblad da imave sezonze gar- atarebda, mogvianebiT igi mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi
Tobisa Tu sxva mizniT am qveynidan gadavides sxva, me- gamoTanabrda. amis mizezi iyo is, rom turistul se-
same qveyanaSi. zonze mimReb qveynebSi tur-produqciis fasebi, binis
Tavdapirvelad turistebis gamgzavreba xdeboda qirebi da momsaxurebis sxva saxeebi bevrad ufro Zviri
regionis SigniT, mosazRvre qveynebSi, Semdeg am pro- iyo, vidre arasezonur periodSi. amitom erTsadaimave
cesma miiRo ufro globaluri saxe. turistebma daiwy- tur-produqtze weliwadis sxvadasxva dros qveyanaSi
es intensiuri moZraoba aramarto sxva regionebSi, ara- dawesebulma gansxvavebulma fasebma gamoiwvia turis-
med sxva kontinentebSi ganlagebul qveynebSic ki. am tuli nakadebis gamoTanabreba arasezonur periodSic,
SemTxvevaSi motivi saerToa: turistebs surT daikmayo- mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. Tavdapirvelad turistul
filon siaxleebis Ziebis, aRmoCenisa da daTvalierebi- procesebSi erTveboda mosaxleobis mxolod mcire na-
sadmi arsebuli, TavianTi turistuli moTxovnilebebi. wili (mdidari fe-na), mogvianebiT TandaTanobiT Sesam-
amitom turistebi gasamgzavreblad eZeben TavianTi Cnevi gaxda saSualo da SedarebiT Raribi fenebis gam-
mSobeli qveynebis bunebriv pirobebTan SedarebiT gan- gzavrebis tendenciac regionis mosazRvre, SedarebiT
sxvavebuli turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebis mqone qvey- Rarib qveynebSi, sadac turistul produqciaze fasebi
nebs. aseTi saxelmwifoebi ki mdebareobs gansxvavebuli ufro dabalia, vidre mSobel qveyanaSi damzadebul sa-
bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis mqone sxva regionebSi. qonelze.
turistuli marSrutebis gamartivebis mizniT Camo- saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdgomi istoriuli gan-
yalibda turistuli kompaniebi, romlebic organizebas viTareba dakavSirebulia kapitalis aRmocenebasTan,
uweven turistebis dasvenebas, qmnian specialur turis- manqanuri industriis ganviTarebasTan, fulad-sasaqon-
tul paketebs. am tipis turistul produqtebs, maT gan- lo gacvlisa da sasaqonlo kapitalis srulyofasTan.
xorcielebaze gaweuli danaxarjebis mixedviT, gaaCni- turistebi sazRvargareT fulis dasaxarjavad iyeneb-
aT sruliad gansxvavebuli fasebi. turistuli produq- dnen msoflioSi aRiarebul valutas. Tavdapirvelad
ciis fasi damokidebulia imaze, Tu ra dakveTas iZleva aseTi sakvanZo valutis rols asrulebda inglisuri
turisti Tu turistuli jgufi Tavisi turistuli pa- girvanqa sterlingi, romelsac Semdeg gamouCnda axali
ketis Sedgenis dros. Tavdapirvelad turistul mgzav- konkurenti dolaris saxiT. bolo dros wamyvani valu-
robas ubralo, dasvenebiTi an gasarTobi xasiaTi hqon- tis rolze mniSvnelovan pretenzias acxadebs evro.
da. SemdegSi man ufro Sinaarsobrivi saxe miiRo. sul msoflio turistul bazarze dasvenebis mimarT
ufro wina planze wamoiwia organizebulma turebma. moTxovna gansakuTrebiT gaizarda kapitalizmis aRmo-
turistebi ubralod ki ar isvenebdnen ucxo qveynebSi, cenebis Semdeg evropaSi, rac ganapiroba turizmSi per-
73 74
sonalis Sromis nayofierebisa da Sesabamisad datvir- ba da axali, iseTi satransporto saSualebebis SemoRe-
Tvis intensiurobis mkveTrma amaRlebam. mwarmoebluri ba, rogoricaa matarebeli da gemi, ramac gamoiwvia
teqnikis danergvam mniSvnelovnad Seamcira organizaci- mgzavrTa gadayvanis siCqaris gazrda da mgzavrobis Ri-
aSi dasaqmebulTa, da Se-sabamisad dasvenebisTvis fi- rebulebis Semcireba; 3. industrializaciis Sedegad
nansuri resursebis gamoyofis unaris mqone turiste- keTildReobis zrda da Tavisufali droiT, kerZod ki
bis raodenoba. XVIII saukunis Sua periodSi saerTaSo- mivlinebiT, sargeblobis uflebis mopovebis mizniT ga-
riso turizmis ganviTarebaSi siaxleebi dainerga. Se- marTuli pirveli socialuri brZola.
samCnevi gaxda msoflio turizmis ekonomikuri funqci- am klasifikaciis Tanaxmad, turizmis zrdis faza
is ganviTareba. adamianebis im fenebs, romlebic sxva- emTxveva 1914 – 1945 wlebs, romlisTvisac damaxasiaTe-
dasxva miznebiT mogzaurobdnen ucxo qveynebSi, XVIII belia turistuli mogzaurobis monawileTa zrda sa-
saukunis miwurulidan turistebs uwodebdnen. 1 Sualo klasis xarjze. mogzaurobis axali forma Sei-
XVIII saukunis bolos ukve SeimCneoda saerTaSori- muSaves politikurma moZraobebma, romelsac hqonda
so turizmis publikaciuri xasiaTis ganviTareba. saer- erovnul-socialuri xasiaTi. es moZraobebi jgufebs
TaSoriso turizmis Semdgomi aRmavloba moiTxovda sTavazobdnen Zalian iaf an praqtikulad ufaso mogza-
garkveuli winapirobebis dacvas. kerZod: 1. gancxadeba urobas, raTa TavianTi qveynis gacnobis saSualebiT
unda daweriliyo turistuli vizis asaRebad; 2. gancxa- ganviTarebuliyo patriotuli grZnoba. aseTi mogzau-
debaSi unda miTiTebuliyo turistuli marSrutis zus- roba gavrcelebuli iyo evropaSi, kerZod, germaniasa
ti vadebi da gamgzavrebis realuri mizezi; 3. vizis da italiaSi.
gamcemi organizacia unda yofiliyo keTilsindisieri. 1945 wlis Semdeg turizmi Sevida axal fazaSi, ro-
XIX _ XX saukuneTa mijnaze mrewvelobiT ganviTa- melic xasiaTdeboda, erTis mxriv, turistebis mgzavro-
rebul qveynebSi SeimCneoda turistuli biznesis orga- bis masobriobiT, meores mxriv – turistuli gadaadgi-
nizaciul-teqnikuri donis amaRleba. kapitalizmis gan- lebis masStaburobiTa da progresirebadi diversifika-
viTarebasTan erTad xorcieldeboda dargobrivi cvli- ciiT. aq calke ganxilvas saWiroebs yofil socialis-
lebani turistul biznesSi. sasaqonlo vaWrobas Tanda- tur qveynebSi ganviTarebuli turizmis specifikuri
Tan cvlida tur-produqciis gayidva. saerTaSoriso Taviseburebani, sadac turistebis gadaadgileba upira-
turizmis ganviTarebis klasifikacia moxda istoriuli tesad xdeboda socialuri turis farglebSi, gansakuT-
(sawyisi, zrdisa da Tanamedrove) etapebis mixedviT. rebiT izRudeboda maTi gasvla sabWoTa kavSiris sazR-
Tanamedrove turizmis sawyisi faza emTxveva XIX vrebs gareT.
saukunes. misTvis damaxasiaTebelia: 1. sainformacio Tu XIX saukunis bolos da XX saukunis I naxevar-
teqnologiebis da gansakuTrebiT safosto qselis gan- Si dominirebda sazRvargareT, sagareo bazarze sarea-
viTareba; 2. satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTare- lizaciod uSualod saqonlis gatana, XX saukunis II
naxevridan Tavad turistebi Camodiodnen mocemul qve-
yanaSi saqonlis Sida bazarze SesaZenad da mosaxmarad.
1 metreveli marina. turizmi da garemos dacva. gamomcemloba XX saukunis Sua xanebSi mkveTrad gardaiqmna saerTa-
Sps. `forma” Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 13.
75 76
Soriso turizmis ganviTarebis sfero. Seicvala TviT Tadad dasvenebis mizniT.1 XX saukunis 60-70-ian wlebSi
vizitori mxareebic. turizmis mTavar ganmsazRvrel saerTaSoriso turizmma miaRwia msoflio masStabebs.
faqtorad iqca turistuli biznesis koncentraciis Sedegad Camoyalibda globaluri turistuli bazari.
procesi. XX saukunis II naxevarSi swored saerTaSori- masSi monawileobs planetis yvela qveyana.
so samarTlis farglebSi SemuSavebuli kanonebi aZlie- 1960-80-ian wlebSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTa-
rebda msoflio turizmSi CarTuli kompaniebis da tu- rebaze uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina socialisturi da
ristebis iuridiul-materialur pasuxismgeblobas. kapitaluri blokis qveynebis dapirispirebam, 1974-75 da
saerTaSoriso turizmi mravalgegmuri gamovlineba- 1980-82 wlebis ekonomikurma krizisebma, radganac maT
a, romelic garkveuli niSnis mixedviT dajgufebul TiTqmis erTdroulad moicves yvela ganviTarebuli
faqtorTa gavleniT formirdeboda sxvadasxva istori- qveyana (maT Soris aSS, iaponia da dasavleT evropis
ul periodSi. mag., Tu XX saukunis Sua periodSi msof- qveynebi). industriulad ganviTarebul qveynebSi same-
lio turizmis ganviTarebaze ZiriTadad moqmedebda su- warmeo teqnikisa da teqnologiis ganviTareba ganapiro-
lieri faqtorebi – religiuroba, ganaTlebisadmi mid- bebda mosaxleobis socialuri keTildReobisa da, Se-
rekileba, rac astimulirebda ~codnis srulyofile- sabamisad Svebulebis xangrZlivobis zrdas, rac dade-
bas”, Tanamedrove pirobebSi masze moqmedebs sruliad biTad aisaxeboda msoflio turizmis ganviTarebaze.
sxva saxis faqtorebi. turistul biznesSi icvleba marTalia saerTaSoriso turizmi ukve didi xania
ZalTa Tanafardobis principi. Tu II msoflio omis Sem- viTardeba, magram am procesebma intensiuri saxe miiRo
dgom periodSi am mxriv liderobda evropa, amJamad Ca- XX saukunis 80-iani wlebis Semdeg. 1980 _ 1990-ian wleb-
moyalibda sami wamyvani turistuli centri: evropis, Si, turistuli industriis ganviTarebis kuTxiT, mniS-
amerikisa da azia-wynari okeanis regionis saxiT. sul vnelovan warmatebas miaRwies safrangeTma, germaniam,
ufro mZlavrdeba turistebis mozidvisaTvis maT Soris didma britaneTma, italiam, espaneTma da sxva evropul-
gamarTuli konkurenciuli brZola. ma qveynebma. bolo dros sul ufro izrdeba am sfero-
XX saukunis 50-iani wlebis evropaSi turizmis dar- Si CineTis, TurqeTis, saudis arabeTis, israelisa da
gis ganviTareba upiratesad amerikel turistebze iyo egviptis roli, romlebic mniSvnelovan konkurencias
orientirebuli, rac ucxouri valutis Semosavlis uweven turistuli industriiT ganviTarebul danarCen
mniSvnelovan wyarod iqca. 1950-60-iani wlebi turizmis qveynebs.
infrastruqturis intensiuri mSeneblobisa da msof- 1990-ian wlebSi mniSvnelovani Zvrebi moxda saerTa-
lio masStabiT turizmis Sesaxeb monacemebis sistemu- Soriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi, ramac udidesi gavle-
ri Segrovebis dasawyiss warmoadgenda. aRniSnul aT- na moaxdina msoflio turistuli kavSirebis erTian
wleulSi Zalze dabali iyo ganviTarebuli qveynebis sistemaze. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Sedegad, 15 yofi-
turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli personalis Sromis na- li socialisturi qveyana daadga turizmis ganviTare-
yofierebis done, ris gamoc msoflio turizmSi War-
bobda moTxovna iaffasian mogzaurobaze, da isic Ziri-
1 baxtaZe e. ,,msoflio turizmis ganviTrebis tendenciebi”, Jurn.
èkonomika”, Tbilisi, 2005, # 9, gv: 163.
77 78
bis axal gzas da damoukideblobis statusiT CaerTo turizmis izolirebulad ganviTarebam Sewyvita Tavisi
saerTaSoriso turistul urTierTobebSi. maTi mTavari arseboba da man daiwyo saerTaSoriso biznesis sxva sa-
mizania, axali samuSao adgilebis Seqmnis mizniT, erov- xeebTan erTad integrirebulad ganviTareba. msoflio
nul turistul infrastruqturaSi ucxouri kapitalis turizmis Semdgomi ganviTareba ganapiroba mecnierul-
mozidva. teqnikurma miRwevebma, turizmis sferoSi kvalificire-
1980-90-ian wlebSi msoflio turizmis damaxasiaTe- buli kadrebis momzadebam, vizebis gamartivebam, tu-
bel Tvisebad iqca saSualo da saSualoze dabali Se- rizmis sferoSi kreditebis, obligaciebis da sxva sa-
saZleblobebis mqone adamianebis mxridan turistul xis kapitalis mozidvam.
momsaxurebaze moTxovnis zrda, rac xels uwyobda tu- 2001 wels msoflio turistul bazarze momxdari
ristuli bazris ufro Rrma diversifikacias: Seiqmna negatiuri cvlilebebi uSualod ukavSirdeba aSS-is 11
mravalferovani turistuli produqtebi, romelic gaT- seqtembris teroristul aqts. Seqmnili krizisis daZ-
valiswinebuli iyo sxvadasxva gemovnebis mqone turis- levaSi mniSvnelovani roli Seasrula marketingulma
tebis moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebisaTvis. amasTan RonisZiebebma: qveynebi aqtiurad monawileobdnen gamar-
erTad, turistuli bazris diferenciaciam ar gamo- Tul saerTaSoriso turistul bazrobebSi. 2001 wlis
ricxa tur-produqciis standartizacia da unifikacia, krizisma katalizatoris roli Seasrula saerTaSori-
ramac ufro SesamCnevi gaxada turistuli momsaxurebis so turizmis ganviTarebaSi. man daaCqara iseTi cvli-
kompleqsis diferenciacia da specializacia. lebebi, romlebic didi xania mimdinareobs turistul
XX da XXI saukuneebis mijnaze mimdinare globalu- industriaSi. kerZod, esenia: pirdapiri dajavSnis sis-
ri geopolitikuri sistemis arastabilurobis, omebis, temisa da internetis gamoyeneba, sacalo turistuli
terorizmis, respiratoruli daavadebebis, pnevmoniis, saagentoebis ricxvis Semcireba da sxva. amrigad, msof-
cunamis, stiqiuri ubedurebebis pirobebSi saerTaSori- lio turizms gadamwyveti roli akisria mSvidobis Se-
so turizmma daamtkica aRdgenisadmi didi unari. msof- narCunebaSi, materialuri saSualebebisa da samuSao
lio turizmis fenomenuri warmateba imiT aixsneba, rom adgilebis SeqmnaSi.
dRes igi aRar iTvleba fufunebad da bunebriv moTxov- 2002 wels msoflio turistul struqturaSi evro-
nilebas warmoadgens. evropaSi didi xania damkvidrda pas myarad hqonda SenarCunebuli pirveli adgili, xo-
iseTi termini, rogoricaa ~ufleba turizmze~. lo meore poziciaze gamovida azia-wynari okeanis regi-
2000 weli turistuli industriisaTvis warmatebul oni. afrikasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi SeiniSneboda sa-
wlad iqna gamocxadebuli, rasac ganapirobebda im erTaSoriso turistuli Casvlebis ricxvis zrda, Tum-
droisTvis msoflios SedarebiT stabiluri politi- ca am regionTa sabaziso done isev dabali iyo. 2003
kur-ekonomikuri viTareba da sxva mastabilizebel fu- wels msoflio turizmis Semdgomi ganviTarebis Sema-
lad-sakredito, savaluto da safinanso RonisZiebaTa ferxebel faqtorad iqca erayis konfliqti da pnevmo-
gatareba. saerTaSoriso turizmma miiRo bevrad ufro niis epidemia. am wels msoflio turistul bazarze,
masStaburi saxe. turistul procesebSi CaerTo plane- turistebis simravliT, gamoirCeoda safrangeTi, espane-
tis mosaxleobis saSualo fena. amiT saerTaSoriso Ti, aSS, italia da CineTi. am droisTvis, turizmidan
79 80
miRebuli Semosavlis mixedviT, I adgili eWira aSS-s. lis meurneobis, mecnierebis, kulturis da ganaTlebis
mas moyveboda espaneTi, safrangeTi, italia da CineTi. ganviTareba.
2003 wlisaTvis samogzaurod yvelaze meti Tanxa Tanamedrove etapze turistuli paketebiT sargeb-
daxarjes aSS-is moqalaqeebma. am mxriv, meore, mesame da loba SeuZlia yvela turistul jgufs im qveynebSi, sa-
meoTxe adgils iyofdnen Sesabamisad germania, didi dac sakmaod maRal donezea ganviTarebuli Sesabamisi
britaneTi da iaponia.1 samwliani Senelebuli zrdis turistuli infrastruqtura. calkeuli qveyana xasiaT-
Semdeg 2004 wels saerTaSoriso turizmma saocari nax- deba specifikuri turistuli TvisebebiT, ris gamoc
tomi ganicada. msoflio turistuli organizaciis in- turistebs uZneldebaT dasasveneblad qveynis arCeva.
formaciiT, turizmis zrda yvelaze ufro metad sag- amitom momavali wlisaTvis isini dasasveneblad irCe-
rZnobi iyo aziisa da wynari okeanis regionebSi. rac ven im qveyanas, sadac isvenebdnen wina wels. amas ram-
Seexeba momdevno (2005 da 2006) wlebs, arsebuli ten- denime mizezi gaaCnia: 1. turistebi eCvevian mimRebi qvey-
denciebi ZiriTadad SenarCunebul iqna. mkveTri cvli- nis moqalaqeTa tradiciebs; 2. isini eguebian maT stu-
lebebi am mimarTulebiT ar dafiqsirebula. saerTod marT-maspinZlobis wess; 3. maspinZel ojaxTan uyalib-
ki, unda aRiniSnos, rom msoflio turistul bazarze debaT megobruli urTierToba da a. S. Tumca axal se-
Seqmnili viTareba sistemurad icvleba. zonze igive qveyanaSi turistuli marSrutis SenarCune-
bas garkveuli naklovanebac axasiaTebs. kerZod, mosawy-
eni xdeba, ukve nanaxi, igive RirsSesaniSnaobebis, ga-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis sarTobi parkebis da skverebis monaxuleba.
Tanamedrove tendenciebi ukanasknel aTwleulSi turizmis ganviTarebis sfe-
roSi gamoikveTa saerTaSoriso masStabis Semdegi saxis
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmi, sainformacio tendenciebi: 1. turistul produqciaze moTxovnis
da kompiuteruli teqnologiebis farTod danergvis sa- swrafi zrdis perspeqtivebi; 2. turistuli industriis
fuZvelze, swrafi ganviTarebis fazaSi Sevida. progre- calkeul dargTa winmswrebi tempiT ganviTareba; 3. yo-
suli satransporto saSualebebisa da momsaxurebis veli qveynis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi tu-
meSveobiT igi Zalze swrafad reagirebs msoflio eko- rizmis rolis zrdis niSnebi; 4. Semomsvleli da gam-
nomikaSi mimdinare movlenebze. msoflio turizmis svleli turizmis geografiuli struqturis cvalebadi
globalizaciis xarjze gaCnda axali tendenciebi da xasiaTi.
mimarTulebani. msoflio turizmis ganviTareba sasar- msoflio turizmSi ikveTeba iseTi umniSvnelovane-
gebloa masSi monawile yvela mxarisaTvis. msoflio si tendencia, rogoricaa turistTa ganTavsebis adgi-
turizmis ganviTarebis bumma gamoiwvia turizmis da lebis zrda, dasavleTis turistul bazarze jgufuri
masTan dakavSirebuli dargebis – transportis, sof- tur-produqciiT sargebloben, rogorc wesi, axalgaz-
rda, martoxela adamianebi, SezRuduli finansuri Se-
saZleblobebis mqone turistebi, pensionerebi da
1
mlocvelebi, romelTac sTavazoben TviTmomsaxurebis
wyaro: www. UNWTO;
81 82
formebs. amasTan erTad, unda aRiniSnos isic, rom tu- zarze gaizarda mwarmoebelsa da momxmarebels Soris
rizmi mogzaurobaTa nairsaxeobacaa, romelic Tanamed- dapirispireba. tur-produqciis miwodebis masStabi Ca-
rove msoflios ganviTarebad da ganviTarebul qveyneb- morCa masze arsebuli moTxovnis zrdis temps. msgavsi
Si swrafad, magram araTanabrad viTardeba. misi warmo- winaaRmdegoba ganapiroba turizmis sferoSi kapitalis
Soba dakavSirebulia sazogadoebis ganviTarebasTan, qveynebs Soris migraciam. Tu adre kapitalis eqspor-
ramdenadac igi ganisazRvreba xalxis moTxovnilebe- tis mTavari sfero iyo sasaqonlo warmoeba, kapitalis
biT. monopolizaciis Semdeg misi dabandebis erT-erT mTa-
Tanamedrove etapze ganviTarebadi qveynebic aqtiu- var sferod iqca turistuli industria. amitom, calke-
rad arian CarTuli saerTaSoriso turizmSi da sakma- uli qveynis turistuli biznesi sul ufro kargavs
od did Semosavals iReben am sferodan. turizmi msof- erovnul xasiaTs da internacionaluri xdeba. Tanamed-
lios 49 naklebad ganviTarebul qveyanaSi gadaiqca sa- rove saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze mniSvnelo-
valuto Semosavlebis miRebis ZiriTad wyarod. amitom van gavlenas axdens ekonomikis am dargis saxelmwifo
ekonomikis es dargi warmoadgens am qveynebis mTliani regulireba. saerTaSoriso turizmi iqca monopolis-
Sida produqciis ZiriTad Semadgenel nawils. ganviTa- turi turistuli kompaniebisaTvis SekveTebis miRebis
rebadi qveynebisaTvis turistuli produqti warmoad- ZiriTad wyarod. saerTaSoriso turizmis monopolis-
gens ZiriTad saeqsporto saqonels. turizmis eqsporti turi tendenciebis aRmofxvrisa da regulirebis miz-
(turistebis Semoyvana qveyanaSi anu turistuli momsa- niT Camoyalibda saerTaSoriso turistuli organiza-
xurebis gayidva ucxoelebze) xels uwyobs Sida bazris ciebi, romlebmac SeimuSaves Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi
gafarToebas, ris gamoc turizms, sxva dargebTan Seda- normebi da normativebi.
rebiT, ufro did mniSvnelobas aniWeben es qveynebi. Tanamedrove etapze mcire da saSualo turistul
zogadad ganviTarebad qveynebSi, maRalganviTare- saagentoebs ar ZaluZT damoukideblad gaZlon saerTa-
bul qveynebTan SedarebiT, turizmis ganviTarebis uf- Soriso konkurencias. amitom, isini eqcevian msxvili
ro maRali tempebia dafiqsirebuli, radganac ganviTa- turistuli kompaniebis kontrolis qveS, romlebic ka-
rebad (maT Soris gardamavali ekonomikis mqone) qvey- pitals abandeben ~maRali teqnologiebis mqone” swra-
nebs ganviTarebul qveynebTan mimarTebaSi myarad aqvT fad ganviTarebad turistul biznesSi: sastumroebisa
SenarCunebuli turistuli urTierTobebis dadebiTi da restornebis qselSi, energetikaSi, transportSi, in-
saldo. ukanaskneli aTwleulis ganmavlobaSi msoflio formatikaSi da a. S. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turis-
turizmis ganviTarebis tempebi ramdenjerme aRematebo- tul industriaSi mimdinare procesebis kontrolis
da ekonomikis sxva dargTa ganviTarebis tempebs. amaRlebis mizniT, sul ufro farTod gamoiyeneba mo-
monopolizaciis tendenciebi saerTaSoriso turizmSi. nopoliaTa urTierTkavSiris sistema. amdenad, bolo
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmi mniSvnelovnad gan- dros mniSvnelovnad amaRlda turistuli biznesis
sxvavdeba Tavisufali konkurenciis periodSi arsebu- koncentraciis done. saerTaSoriso turizmi msoflio
lisagan, rac ganapiroba calkeuli saxeobis turistu- meurneobis erT-erTi monopolizirebuli sferoa.
li bazrebis monopolizaciam, msoflio turistul ba-
83 84
saerTaSoriso terorizmma, epidemiurma daavadebeb- Tanamedrove msoflios wamyvani turistuli kompa-
ma, saxelmwifoTa mzardma antiteroristulma samxedro niebi TavianTi turistuli biznesis gafarToebis miz-
operaciebma, globalurma ekologiurma kataklizmebma niT kapitalis dasabandeblad eZeben iafi samuSao Za-
(mewyerebma, wyaldidobebma, miwisZvrebma daa.S.) mniSvne- lisa da stabiluri politikuri viTarebis mqone qvey-
lovnad gansazRvra saerTaSoriso turistuli nakade- nebs. bolo dros am kompaniebis kapitalis koncentri-
bis ZiriTadi marSrutebi da mimarTulebani. saerTaSo- reba SeiniSneba msxvil turistul centrebSi, romelTa
riso turizmi iqca cxovrebis stilis gansazRvris mTa- kombinirebiT iqmneba mZlavri turistuli gaerTianebe-
var meqanizmad. dResdReobiT turistul biznesze mono- bi. swored isini akontroleben mTlian msoflio tu-
polistur ZalTa gavlenis gaZlierebis gamo, sul uf- ristul bazarsa da calkeuli qveynis turistul biz-
ro izrdeba turizmis saxelmwifo regulirebis auci- ness.
lebloba. saerTaSoriso turizmis regionalizaciis tendencie-
bolo dros msoflio turizmSi gabatonebuli po- bi. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erTi ga-
ziciebi daiWires saerTaSoriso monopoliebma, romel- mokveTili prioritetia misi regionalizacia, rac gan-
Ta organizaciis ZiriTadi formaa msxvili turistuli pirobebulia Soreuli mogzaurobisaTvis saWiro sat-
kompaniebi. maTi turistuli saqmianobis mTavari for- ransporto danaxarjebis mkveTri zrdiT. agreTve XXI
maa kapitalis eqsporti im qveynebis turistul infras- saukuneSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis erT-
truqturaSi, romelTac turizmis ganviTarebis xelsay- erTi tendenciaa qveynebis mier turizmis sferoSi ga-
reli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi aqvT. turizmis sfe- erTianebebis, aliansebisa da kavSirebis Camoyalibeba.
roSi dabandebuli kapitalis intensifikaciis meSveo- organizebul turTan SedarebiT gansakuTrebiT izrde-
biT isini zemoqmedeben calkeul qveynebSi ganlagebu- ba moTxovna individualur mogzaurobaze. gansakuTre-
li adgilobrivi turistuli saagentoebis mier warmar- biT gaizarda Sida turizmis xvedriTi wili nacnobebi-
Tul turistul politikaze da ganviTarebis strategi- sa da naTesavebis monaxulebis mizniT.
ul gegmebze. Tu adre msoflios wamyvani turistuli turizmTan korelaciaSi myof dargTa ganviTareba-
kompaniebi TavianT kapitals abandebdnen turistuli Si momxdari cvlilebebi aZlierebs kontrols am dar-
potencialis mxriv, bunebrivi upiratesobis mqone, gan- gTa Soris damyarebul turistul kavSirebze. gaRrmav-
viTarebadi qveynebis ~mwvane turistul zonebSi”, Tana- da integraciuli procesi. adgili aqvs turistuli
medrove etapze maTi kapitali gadainacvla turizmis biznesis internacionalizacias. amJamad msoflio tu-
sferoSi SeZenili upiratesobis mqone (saudis arabe- rizmis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs ev-
Tis, egviptis, israelis da sxva) qveynebis turistuli rokavSiri. sul ufro izrdeba aziuri kompaniebis ro-
infrastruqturis (sastumroebis, restornebis, benzin- li evrokavSiris turistul bazrebze. turizmis sfe-
gasamarTi sadgurebis, satransporto sistemebis, parke- roSi mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis danergva iwvevs
bis, plaJebis, energetikis da sxva dargTa) mSenebloba- ZiriTadi kapitalis ganaxlebasa da turizmTan koor-
Si. dinaciaSi myofi, monaTesave axali dargebis Seqmnas.
man uSualo gavlena moaxdina turistuli infrastruq-
85 86
turis Camoyalibebaze. msoflio turistuli bazris ar- Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs erovnuli ekonomikis stabi-
seboba xSirad wyvets qveyanaSi axali turistuli po- lurobas, im adgilobrivi, tradiciuli dargebis ganvi-
tencialis gamovlenisa da amoqmedebis beds. Tarebas, romelTac gaaCniaT saTanado resursebi. am
Tanamedrove etapze tur-produqciis warmoebis sfe- dargTa ganviTareba ki, Tavis mxriv, xels uwyobs moce-
roSi sxva qveynebis teqnikur miRwevaTa gamoyenebis ga- muli qveynis saerTo ekonomikur aRmavlobas. Tanamed-
reSe mxolod sakuTar Zalebze dayrdnobiT SeuZlebe- rove saerTaSoriso turizmi, romelic operatulad
lia turizmis sferoSi monopolistur konkurenciaSi imarTeba kompiuteruli teqnikis, INTERNET_teqnologie-
gaZleba, rac kidev ufro zrdis turistuli infras- bis, Tanamedrove satransporto saSualebaTa da momsa-
truqturiT ganviTarebuli qveynebis urTierTdamokide- xurebis meSveobiT, mniSvnelovnad amcirebs droiTi da
bulebas, maT Soris gamarTul konkurencias. turistu- sivrcobrivi daSorebis problemas.
li industriiT maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi sul uf- saerTaSoriso turizmi Zalze mgrZnobiarea Tanamed-
ro SeimCneva moqalaqeTa migraciis liberalizacia, tu- rove samyaroSi mimdinare movlenebis mimarT. Sesabami-
ristuli vizebis gacemaze SezRudvebis moxsna. amdenad, sad Cndeba axali tendenciebi, moZraobebi da mimarTu-
turistuli biznesis liberalizacia Tanamedrove saer- lebebi. swored aqedan gamomdinare, msoflio turizms
TaSoriso turizmis umTavresi tendenciaa. ganixilaven, rogorc individualuri da koleqtiuri
Tanamedrove etapze saerTaSoriso turizmi warmo- dasvenebis, biznesis mdgradi ganviTarebis sferos, ro-
adgens msoflio ekonomikis erT-erT yvelaze dinamiu- melic iyenebs kacobriobis kulturul memkvidreobas
rad mzard, maRalSemosavlian dargs, romlis warmate- da Tavisi wvlili Seaqvs mis gamdidrebaSi. Tanamedro-
bazec mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli danarCeni ve etapze saerTaSoriso turizmi gadaiqca iseT sameur-
dargebis ganviTarebac. turistuli motiviT adamianTa neo saqmianobad, romelic erTnairad sasargeblo da
gadaadgilebam msoflios yvela qveyana moicva. sxvadas- momgebiania masSi monawile yvela mxarisaTvis. amitom
xva qveynis ideuri mrwamsis mqone adamianTa kontaqti turistuli proeqtebi mxardaWerili unda iqnes masSi
iqca yoveldRiur realobad. aqedan gamomdinare, msof- monawile yvela mxaris administraciis mier, romlebic
lio turizmi xels uwyobs aramarto calkeuli qveynis dainteresebulni unda iyvnen mcire da saSualo sawar-
ekonomikis ganviTarebas, aramed igi gvevlineba sazoga- moTa ganviTarebiT, radganac ama Tu im qveyanaSi Semo-
doebis socialur-kulturuli aqtivobisa da urTier- suli turisti Tu adgilobrivi macxovrebeli xarjavs
Tobis damyarebis yvelaze masobriv civilizebul for- garkveul fulad saxsrebs.
mad. msoflio turistuli industriis regionalizaciam
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmis mdgomareobi- Secvala calkeuli qveynis xvedriTi wili saerTaSori-
sa da am sferoSi mowinave qveynebis mier dagrovili so turizmis saerTo moculobaSi. ganviTarda turis-
gamocdilebis analizi iZleva imis mtkicebis saSuale- tuli biznesis axali formebi. Seicvala TviT tur-
bas, rom saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebas Tan produqciis myidvelsa da gamyidvels Soris urTierTo-
sdevs Sida turizmis aRmavlobisaTvis xelSemwyobi pi- ba. Tu adre turistebsa da turistul kompaniebs akav-
robebis Seqmna da piriqiT. Sida turizmis ganviTareba, Sirebda saSuamavlo firmebi, Tanamedrove etapze mkveT-
87 88
rad Semcirda turistul SuamavalTa roli, radgan zavnian sazRvargareT dasasveneblad, ucxouri RirsSe-
turistul kompaniebs gaaCniaT TavianTi saSuamavlo-- saniSnaobebis dasaTvaliereblad, vidre iReben qveynis
marketinguli ganyofilebebi, romlebic turistebis mo- SigniT. energoSemcvelebze fasebis kolosalurma
zidviTa da tur-produqtebis gasaRebiT arian dakave- zrdam mkveTrad gaaZvira teritoriulad urTierTdaSo-
bulni. rebul, sxvadasxva kontinentze an regionSi mdebare
qveynebs Soris mgzavrTa gadayvanis procesi. amitom
turistebis ZiriTadi nakadi Semoifargleba maTi mSob-
saerTaSoriso turizmis daubalanseblobis liuri saxelmwifoebis mosazRvre qveynebis turistuli
problema Tanamedrove etapze potencialis dakmayofilebiT.
amrigad, turistuli nakadebis daubalansebloba
amdenad, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTareba Tana- Tanamedrove msoflio turizmis disproporciis erT-
medrove msoflios ukanasknel aTwleulSi metad ara- erTi umTavresi gamoxatulebaa, rac kidev ufro arTu-
saxarbielo pirobebSi mimdinareobda: terorizmi, bu- lebs saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdgom aRmavlobas. imi-
nebrivi stiqiebi, sxvadasxva saxis epidemiebi, virusuli saTvis, rom gaizardos turistuli produqciis gayid-
daavadebani, navTobze msoflio fasTa zrda, savaluto vebis moculoba, firma iyenebs ukukavSirebis iseT me-
kursTa ryevebi, sxvadasxva qveynis socialuri, politi- Todebs, rogoricaa turis dasrulebis Semdeg klien-
kuri da ekonomikuri arastabiluroba da a.S. es aris tebTan kontaqtebis damyareba: turistebis dabadebis
im globalur problemaTa mxolod mcire CamonaTvali, dRisaTvis Ria baraTis, amanaTis an saCuqrebis gagzav-
romelsac awydeba Tanamedrove msoflio sazogadoeba. na, turistebTan mimoweris dawyeba da a. S. saerTaSori-
da mainc miuxedavad amisa, turizmidan miRebulma Semo- so turizmis sferoSi aprobirebuli fsiqologiuri me-
savlebma gadaaWarba yovelgvar molodins. Todebi SeiZleba gadatanili iqnes tur-produqtebis
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze gayidvebis fsiqoteqnologiebSi, anu tur-agentebis
mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens ganviTarebad qveynebSi (tur-operatorebis) moqmedebaSi, romelic efuZneba
mimdinare movlenebi. am saxelmwifoebSi turizmis gan- klientis gadawyvetilebaze zemoqmedebis dros socia-
viTarebis maRali tempi kidev ufro aZlierebs msof- lur-fsiqologiuri kanonzomierebis codnas, turistu-
lio turistul bazarze moqmed konkurencias. saerTa- li firmis saqmianobis interesebis Sesabamisad maTi
Soriso turizmis Tanamedrove struqturis erT-erTi marTvis unars. amaSi tur-operatorebs exmareba veb-
mTavari maxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa turistuli nakadebis gverdebis meSveobiT ganTavsebuli turistuli marSru-
daubalansebeli zrda. kerZod, turizmis ganviTarebis tebis Ziebis konteqsturi reklama.
TvalsazrisiT xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobe- mravali qveynisaTvis saerTaSoriso turizmis gan-
bisa da SeZenili upiratesobis mqone, turistuli in- viTarebas gaaCnia sasicocxlo mniSvneloba, radganac
dustriis mixedviT ganviTarebuli qveynebi ufro metad ucxoeli turistebisagan miRebuli Semosavlebi, tu-
axdenen turistebis miRebas, vidre gamgzavrebas, da pi- ristul firmebze dawesebuli gadasaxadebi da am sfe-
riqiT. am mxriv, Raribi qveynebi ufro met turists ag- roSi adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis SesaZleb-
89 90
loba qmnis ekonomikis aRmavlobis damatebiT motivato- os qveynebsa da regionebSi gansxvavebuli socialur-e-
rebs. Tanamedrove pirobebSi swored saerTaSoriso tu- konomikuri ganviTarebiTa da bunebriv-klimaturi piro-
rizmi aris ucxouri valutis qveynebs Soris moZraobis bebiT. Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso turizmSi Camoyalib-
mTavari generatori, ris meSveobiTac igi udides rols da myari disbalansis pirobebi. turizmis ganviTareba-
asrulebs msoflio ekonomikaSi. Si warmoiqmna winaaRmdegoba.
teqnologiuri winsvlebi garkveul efeqts axdens
msoflio turistul bazarze. kompiuteruli dajavSnis
sistemam faqtiurad TiTqmis gaaqro turistebis mozid- Tanamedrove msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis
viT dakavebul muSaxelze arsebuli moTxovna, ramac dinamika
gamoiwvia is, rom SedarebiT naklebi raodenobis tur-
agentebi muSaoben sastumroebsa da aeroportebSi. amis amrigad, turistebis sazRvargareT gasvlis Sefer-
gamo Semcirda Tavad turistuli saagentoebisa da avi- xebis mizniT ganxorcielebuli karCaketiloba amuxru-
akompaniebis ofisebi. investiciebis maRali done gan- Webs saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdgom ganviTarebas. am
sazRvravs turistuli biznesis warmatebiT ganviTare- mxriv ganxorcielebulma calmxrivad SemzRudavma mid-
bas. Tumca arc saxelmwifos da arc kerZo seqtors ar gomam gza dauTmo turistTa migracias. XXI saukunis I
surs investiciebis ganxorcieleba manamde, sanam moce- aTwleulSi saerTaSoriso turizmi gadaiqca msoflio
mul qveyanaSi an regionSi ar Cavlen turistebi. imav- kulturisa da ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebis sfe-
droulad arc turistebi Cqaroben im qveynebsa da regi- rod. igi warmoadgens integrirebul socialur-ekono-
onebSi Casvlas, sadac ar aris ganviTarebuli saTana- mikur sistemas.
do turistuli infrastruqtura. xSirad sazogadoebas saerTaSoriso turizmi sul ufro mniSvnelovan
eWvi epareba turizmis ~RirebulebaSi”. maTi azriT, sa- adgils ikavebs msoflio biznesSi. izrdeba saerTaSo-
muSao Zalis, fulisa da sxva resursebis moxmareba Se- riso turizmidan miRebuli Semosavali. turizmis mzar-
iZleba sxva dargebSi, romelTac ukeTesi efeqtis mota- di dinamika xels uwyobs aramarto qveynis regionul,
na SeeZlebaT. aramed misi momijnave iseTi seqtorebis ganviTarebas,
amis yvelaze saukeTeso magaliTia samuSao Zala. rogoricaa: mSenebloba, soflis meurneoba, kavSirgab-
Tu turizmSi metismetad bevri adamiani dasaqmdeba, ma- muloba, transporti da a.S. Sesabamisad didi mniSvne-
Sin muSaxelis deficitis gamo, arasruli datvirTviT loba aqvs imas, Tu rogoria bolo 10 wlis ganmavloba-
imuSavebs ekonomikis sxva dargebi, mag, soflis meurne- Si msoflio turizmis dinamika, am sferoSi arsebuli
oba. Tu ekonomikaSi muSaxelis deficiti iqmneba igi tendenciebi.
ucxoeTidan ivseba, rac mogvianebiT, Sromis anazRaure- 2000 wels saerTaSoriso turistuli Casvlebis
bis saxiT, Semosavlebis mniSvnelovani nawilis sazR- ricxvma Seadgina 565 mln vizitori, xolo miRebulma
vargareT ~gaJonvas” iwvevs. amrigad, Tanamedrove msof- Semosavalma ki _ 486 mlrd dolars gadaaWarba. msof-
lioSi metad araTanabrad aris ganviTarebuli saerTa- lio turistuli Casvlebis saerTo moculobis 50% mo-
Soriso turizmi, rac, pirvel rigSi, aixsneba msofli- dioda evropis qveynebze, 18%_ aSS-ze, 16% _ aRmosav-
91 92
leT aziisa da wynari okeanis regionebze, xolo afri- re saerTaSoriso turistuli Semosavlebi. saerTaSo-
kaze ki mxolod _ 4%. turistuli organizaciebis mo- riso turistuli Semosvlebis mixedviT pirveli sami
nacemebis Tanaxmad, 2002 wels saerTaSoriso turistu- adgili uWiravT safrangeTs, espaneTsa da aSS-s xolo
li Casvlebis ricxvma 715 milioni kaci Seadgina, rac saerTaSoriso turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis mi-
22 milioniT metia, 2001 wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan xedviT ki pirveli sami adgili uWiravT Sesabamisad
SedarebiT. 1 aSS-s, espaneTsa da safrangeTs.
2003 wels dafiqsirebulia 725 milioni turisti. turistuli Casvlebisa da Semosavlebis mixedviT,
turistebis mimReb qveynebs maT moutanes 500 mlrd ame- pirvel aTeulSi (mecxre adgilze) moxvda Tu-rqeTi
rikul dolaramde Semosavali. 2004 wels saerTaSori- mravalwliani dinamiuri zrdiT. CineTi lideria tu-
so turistulma Casvlebma im droisaTvis rekordul rizmis dargSi azia-wynari okeanis regionSi. igi mzar-
maCvenebels miaRwia da 760 milioni vizitori Seadgina. di turistuli Semosavlebis mixedviT TandaTan uax-
1950 wlidan 2005 wlamde saerTaSoriso turistebis lovdeba aSS-s. TurqeTi, turizmis ganviTarebis mxriv,
ricxvi izrdeboda saSualod wliurad 6,5%-iT da igi me-4-e adgilzea xmelTaSua zRvis regionSi da meeqvse
250 milionidan 806 milion mogzauramde gaizarda. tu- adgilze _ evropaSi. tur-produqciis msyidvelunaria-
ristuli mogzaurobidan miRebuli Semosavali 2005 nobis mxriv, pirvel adgilzea germania, meoreze _ aSS,
wels, wina welTan SedarebiT, 11,2%_iT gaizarda da 688 mesameze _ iaponia, meoTxeze _ safrangeTi, mexuTeze _
mlrd aSS dolars miaRwia. aRniSnuli zrda ZiriTadad italia.
miRweuli iqna evropis, azia-wynari okeanisa da samxreT 2000-2005 wlebSi turistuli nakadebis yvelaze ma-
amerikis regionebis xarjze. wina welTan SedarebiT, Rali saSualowliuri zrdis tempi aCvena axlo aRmo-
yvelaze meti zrda SeimCneva afrikaSi (9%), axlo aRmo- savleTma (10%). 2005 wels turistebi ZiriTadad mogza-
savleTSi (8%), azia-wynari okeanis regionSi (8%), ameri- urobdnen dasvenebisa da Svebulebis gatarebis (50%),
kaSi (6%), xolo evropaSi (4%). saqmian-profesiuli (16%), megobrebis da naTesavebis mo-
am Semosavlebidan 348 mlrd dolari (51%) miiRo ev- naxulebis (16%), aRmsareblobis (10%), mkurnalobis
ropam, 145 mlrd (21%) _ amerikam, xolo azia-wynari (10%) da sxva (8%) mizniT. daniSnulebis adgilas isini
okeanis qveynebma _ 139 mlrd dolari (20%). zemoT moy- ZiriTadad midiodnen avtomobiliT (43%), an sahaero
vanili analizi imas gviCvenebs, rom am droisaTvis jer transportiT (45%).1
kidev dabali iyo maRalSemosavliani, saqmiani turiz- Tu 1950 wlisaTvis TxuTmeti wamyvani turistuli
mis xvedriTi wili. saerTaSoriso turizmidan miRebu- kompania uzrunvelyofda saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis
li Semosavlebi warmoadgens yvelaze msxvil saeqspor- 88%-s, 1970 wlisaTvis _ 75%-s, 2005 wels es maCvenebeli
to statias ganviTa-rebadi da kunZulovani saxelmwi- 57%-mde Semcirda. msoflio turistebis ricxvi 2006
foebisaTvis. 1990-2005 wlebSi saerTaSoriso turistu-
li nakadebi gacilebiT ufro swrafad izrdeboda, vid- 1miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
Tanamedrove tendenciebi. Jurn: aWaris socialur-ekonomikuri
problemebi:. gamomc. `SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo uni-
1
metreveli m. turizmi Tb: 2003 _ gv: 97. versiteti”, baTumi, 2009, gv. _ 5-11.
93 94
wels, wina welTan SedarebiT, 29%-iT gaizarda da mi- riso mogzaurobisa da dasvenebisas daxarjulma Tanxam
aRwia 842 mln-s. 1,2 trln dolars gadaaWarba.
2007 wels, wina welTan SedarebiT, saerTaSoriso yovelive es miuTiTebs saerTaSoriso turizmis
turistuli Casvlebis ricxvi 7,5%-iT gaizarda da man mniSvnelobis ganuxrel zrdaze. msoflio turizmi yve-
Seadgina 904 mln kaci. miuxedavad 2008 wlis msoflio laze metad aris ganviTarebuli dasavleT evropis
safinanso krizisisa, 2007 welTan SedarebiT am wels, qveynebSi, romelzec modis mTliani msoflio turistu-
turistebis saerTaSoriso migraciis moculobis Tval- li bazris 52%, savaluto Semosavlebis 60%. Tanamed-
sazrisiT, progresi mainc SesamCnevi gaxda. kerZod, 2008 rove etapze msoflio turistebis 80% dasasveneblad
wels turistuli viziT msoflioSi mogzaurobda 922 miemgzavreba evropaSi, CrdiloeT da samxreT amerikaSi,
mln kaci, rac 18 milioniT (2%-iT) metia 2007 wlis ana- es maSin rodesac turistebis mxolod 15 % miemarTeba
logiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT.1 amave wels turiste- aRmosavleT aziasa da wynari okeanis regionSi, xolo
bis mier daxarjulma saerTo Tanxam Seadgina 944 5% ki – afrikaSi. saerTaSoriso turistebis 85% modis
mlrd dolari. rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan aSS-s evrokavSiris da aRmosavleT aziis moqalaqeebze.1
Cans, finansuri krizisis Sedegad, 2008 wlis meore na- turizmis msoflio organizaciis monacemebis Ta-
xevridan (ivnisidan) saerTaSoriso turizmSi negatiuri naxmad, saerTaSoriso turizmidan miRebuli Semosavle-
tendenciebi dafiqsirda: kerZod, am wlis bolo eqvsi bis mixedviT, wamyvani qveynebis aTeulSi evropis 8 qve-
Tvis ganmavlobaSi msoflio turistebis raodenobam, yana Sevida. mimdinare periodSi liderobs aSS, mas mos-
wina wlis imave periodis analogiur maCvenebelTan Se- devs espaneTi, safrangeTi; italia, germania, CineTi, di-
darebiT, 2%-iT iklo. di britaneTi, TurqeTi da avstria. turistebis saerTa-
2009 wlis I naxevarSi afrikis garda, msoflios Soriso mogzaurobis Sedegad turizmis industriaSi
yvela regionSi Semcirda ucxoeli turistebis ricxvi: dasaqmebulia daaxloebiT 220 mln adamiani. mogzauro-
evropaSi_10%-iT, amerikaSi_5%-iT, azia-wynari okeanis bas da turizms saxelmwifoTa xazinaSi, sagadasaxado
regionSi_6%-iT, axlo aRmosavleTSi_18%-iT. 3%-iani Semosavlebis saxiT, Seaqvs daaxloebiT 300 mlrd do-
zrda aRiniSna mxolod afrikaSi. saerTo jamSi unda lari.
aRiniSnos, rom, 2009 wels saerTaSoriso turistebis XXI saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi msoflio masSta-
raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT, 4%_iT Semcirda da biT turizmSi metad saintereso tendencia viTardeba.
mxolod 885 mln Seadgina, xolo maT mier turistuli kerZod, turizmze modis msoflio eqsportis daaxloe-
mogzaurobisas daxarjuli saerTo Tanxa 922 mlrd do- biT 11% da momsaxurebiT msoflio vaWrobis 37%. mTli-
lars gautolda. Tumca Semdeg turizmisadmi moTxovna anad turizmis sferoSi (masTan korelaciaSi myofi
kvlav ganaxlda. kerZod, 2010 wels msoflio turiste- dargebis gaTvaliswinebiT) dasaqmebulia msoflio sa-
bis raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT, 7 %-iT gaizar- muSao Zalis 8,4%-ze meti. am dargSi iqmneba msoflio
da da 935 mln kaci Seadgina, xolo maT mier saerTaSo- Sida produqciis 10% da kerZo momsaxurebis 10,9%.
1 intp//www. UNWTO. 1 http://WWW. UNWTO.org;
95 96
msoflio ekonomikis am seqtroSi dabandebulia saerTa- niSvnelovanes Semadgenel nawils. mag., antiguaze is
Soriso investiciebis 11,8%. turistebis mier ucxo qve- Seadgens mSp-s 58,5%-s bahamis kunZulebze–52,1%-s, bermu-
yanaSi mogzaurobisas yovelwliurad ixarjeba 1,2 dis kunZulebze _34,7%-s, xolo seiSelis kunZulebze
trln dolarze meti da a. S. 1950 wlidan dRemde saer- ki – 27,4%-s. msoflios SedarebiT msxvil saxelmwifo-
TaSoriso turistebis raodenoba 4-jer gaizarda. ebs Soris mSp-Si turizmidan miRebuli yvelaze maRali
turizmis msoflio organizaciis monacemebiT, yo- Semosavali gaaCnia avstrias (8%), espaneTs (5,8%) da
velwliurad ucxoeli turistebis mozidvis raodeno- Sveicarias (5,2%). saerTaSoriso turizmSi integrire-
bis mixedviT, msoflio liderTa pirveli xuTeuli ase bis maRali tempebiT gamoirCevian CineTi, meqsika da ame-
gamoiyureba: pirvel adgilzea safrangeTi (146 milioni rika.
turistiT), meoreze _ espaneTi (108 milioni turistiT),
mesameze _ aSS (92 mln turistiT), meoTxeze _ CineTi
(84 mln turistiT), da mexuTeze ki _ italia (75 mln saerTaSoriso turizmi da racionaluri bu-
turistiT), xolo Semosavlebis mixedviT ki pirvel ad- nebaTsargeblobis problemebi
gilzea aSS (148 mlrd dolariT), meoreze _ espaneTi
(90 mlrd dolariT), mesameze _ safrangeTi (82 mlrd saerTaSoriso turizmi SeiZleba ganxiluli iqnes
dolariT), meoTxeze _ italia (72 mlrd dolariT), xo- rogorc sazogadoebis interesebis Sesabamisad bunebis
lo mexuTeze ki _ germania (56 mlrd dolariT).1 komercializaciis faqtori. bolo aTwleulSi msof-
mogzaurobis da turizmis msoflio sabWo, romel- lio sazogadoeba waawyda mTel rig globalur da
sac warmoadgens samrewvelo jgufi Stab-biniT lon- lokalur ekologiur problemas. es aris klimatis
donSi, afasebs ekonomikur saqmianobas turizmisa da globaluri daTboba, atmosferos ozonis Sris garRve-
mogzaurobis sferoSi 2010 wlisaTvis, romlis Tanaxma- va, dedamiwis erT dros uxvmosavliani miwebis gaudab-
dac saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi dabandda daax- noebis procesi, tyeebis (~Jangbadis filtvebis”) gaCex-
loebiT 9,7 trln. dolari anu msoflio kapitaldaban- vis problema da a. S. qveynebi rogorc damoukideblad,
debis daaxloebiT 12%, ramac msoflio ekonomikaSi sa- ise erToblivad cdiloben am problemebis mogvarebas.
erTaSoriso turizmi gadaaqcia erT-erT umsxviles ekologiuri katastrofis safrTxis warmoqmnis gan-
dargad. turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis mixedviT, msazRvrel mizezs warmoadgens adamianis mier bunebaze
es dargi iqca erToblivi erovnuli produqtis ~udi- zemoqmedebasTan dakavSirebuli anTropogenuri, daude-
des mbrZaneblad”. vari, mflangveluri da araracionaluri saqmianoba. bu-
turistul ~oazisebSi” _ ofSorul zonebsa da nebrivia aq Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: romeli aris ufro
kunZulovani tipis, zogierT patara saxelmwifoSi tu- mniSvnelovani_ekonomika Tu ekologia? mogeba Tu suf-
rizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebi warmoadgens maTi Ta haeri? ai rogori alternativebis arCevis winaSe
mTliani Sida produqciis ganmsazRvrel, erT-erT um- dadga kacobrioba dRes.
swored am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacemis mcdelobaSi
1 http://WWW. UNWTO.org; 1992 wels rio-de-JaneiroSi Catarebulma saerTaSoriso
97 98
konferenciam miiRo konvencia florasa da faunas dac- sicocxlisunarianobis SenarCunebis tolfasia. amitom
vis Sesaxeb, rac gulisxmobs ekonomikuri zrdis Sene- sufTa da mwvane garemos SenarCunebisaTvis SeiZleba
lebas garemo bunebrivi pirobebis dacvis mizniT. aqe- dawesdes Semdegi saxis specialuri gadasaxadebi: qala-
dan gamomdinareobs daskvna, rom ekonomikuri aqtivobis qur dasaxlebaSi Semaval avtomobilebze, satranspor-
yovelma sferom, materialuri warmoebis yvela dargma to sacobebze, xmaurian TviTmfrinavebze, sawvavze, hae-
unda uzrunvelyos sakuTari Tavis progresi bunebis ris dabinZurebaze, municipaluri gadasaxadebi da a. S.1
ekologiuri pirobebis dacvisa da SenarCunebis piro-
bebSi. rogorc ukve zemoT avRniSneT, turistuli saqmi-
anoba xdeba msoflio ekonomikis erT-erTi perspeqtiu- garemos dacvis problematika Tanamedrove saer-
li da dinamiurad ganviTarebadi seqtori. bunebrivia TaSoriso turizmSi
aq Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: ra damokidebulebaSia turizmis
ganviTareba racionaluri bunebaTsargeblobis proble-
turistuli saqmianobisadmi garemosdacviTi midgo-
masTan? aq arsebobs erTmniSvnelovani pasuxi. rogorc
ma mimarTulia turizmis mier mTlianad qveynis ekono-
i. enjeiCiki aRniSnavs: ~turizmiT ganpirobebuli xal-
mikaze moxdenili zegavlenisa da saxelmwifo Semosav-
xTa udidesi koncentracia erT romelime gansazRvrul
lebSi misi rolis gadafasebaze. turizmidan miRebuli
regionul sivrceSi qmnis mravali saxis, grandiozuli
Semosavlebis raodenobrivi Sefaseba SeiZleba sagada-
masStabis problemas, romelic dakavSirebulia turis-
saxado balansis maCvenebelTa meSveobiT, sadac gamoi-
tuli zonebis dabinZurebasTan, iSviaTi jiSis mcenare-
yofa uxilavi eqsportisa da importis muxlebi. igi mo-
ebis gaCexvasTan, endemuri jiSis cxovelebze nadiroba-
icavs turizmidan miRebul Semosavlebsa da gasavleb-
sa da daudevrobiT gamowveul xanZrebTan”.
sac.
arsebobs bevrad ufro radikaluri antituristuli
turistuli saqmianobis garemosdacviTi analizi,
mosazrebebic. ase magaliTad, turizmis cnobili Teo-
upirveles yovlisa, axdens turistul bazarze sameur-
retikosis i. kripen-dorfis mosazrebiT, turizmma gamo-
neo subieqtis, anu turistuli firmebis saqmianobis
iwvia stumarTmaspinZlobis tradiciis komercializaci-
ekologiur analizs. mocemul SemTxvevaSi aucilebe-
a. Zveli sityvis ~stumris” nacvlad sityviT leqsikon-
lia daveyrdnoT iseT ekologiur maCveneblebs, rogo-
Si, saubrisas xmarebaSi Semovida axali komerciuli
ricaa: ekologiuri efeqti, miwis nayofiereba, haeris
terminebi _~klienti” da ~turisti”. i. kripen-dorfma
gaWuWyianebis done, klimaturi kataklizmebis sixSire
gansazRvra turizmis ekonomikuri sistema terminiT ~pe-
da a. S. saerTaSoriso turizmis garemosdacviTi anali-
izaJis Semfasebeli”, riTac man xazi gausva am dargis
zi gulisxmobs racionaluri bunebaTsargeblobis anga-
mimarT arsebul mzard moTxovnaze, romelic calsaxad
riSTa Sedgenas.
moqmedebs yvela axal teritoriaze. meores mxriv, tu-
ristuli saqmianobis materialur safuZvels warmoad-
gens swored ekologiuri faseulobani da veluri bu-
1 metreveli marina. turizmi da garemos dacva. gamomcemloba
nebis silamaze. garemos dacva turistuli industriis
Sps. `forma”, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. _ 81.
99 100
ekologiuri renta es aris bunebis sargeblobisaT- saerTaSoriso turizmSi erTmaneTzea gadajaWvuli
vis turistuli kompaniebis saqmianobaze dawesebuli sxvadasxva saxis ekonomikuri da ekologiuri interesi.
gadasaxadebis saxiT miRebuli sabiujeto Semosavali, Sedegad tur-operatorebi da turistuli saagentoebi,
romelic unda moxmardes turistebis mier bunebaze mi- romlebic srulyofilad floben mogzaurobis teqno-
yenebuli zaralis aRmofxvras da garemos aRdgeniTi logiebs, SeuZliaT turistebs SesTavazon maT moTxov-
samuSaoebis Catarebas. velur bunebaSi turistebis das- nebTan maqsimalurad miaxloebuli turistuli produq-
venebaze ekologiuri rentis dawesebis mizezs warmoad- ti. turistuli kompaniebi am gziT mravali milionobiT
gens turistuli da bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebis dolaris Rirebulebis operaciebs atareben. Tanamedro-
specifikuroba, maTi unikaluri bunebriv-gamajansaRebe- ve saerTaSoriso turizmis warmateba damokidebulia
li, sulieri, esTeTikuri, istoriul-kulturuli da ekologiuri mdgomareobis gaumjobesebaze, drois biu-
sxva daniSnuleba, magram ekologiuri (turistuli) jetsa da mogzaurobiT adamianTa gatacebaze.
renta SeiZleba gadaiqces saxelmwifos mxridan turis- amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi bunebriv garemoze
tul seqtorze monopolisturi zemoqmedebis instru- zegavlenis unaris mqone erT-erTi udidesi dargia. mar-
mentad. am saSiSroebis Tavidan asacileblad saWiroa Talia 2008 wlis msoflio safinanso krizisma daaza-
unikaluri xarisxis turistuli resursebis sameurneo rala es dargi, magram misi ganviTarebis grZelvadiani
gamoyenebaze dawesdes optimaluri ekologiuri renta. prognozebi dadebiTia. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganvi-
diferencialuri turistuli renta wesdeba turistu- Tareba dakavSirebulia ekonomikur, ekologiur, socia-
li resursebis gamoyenebaze. lur da fsiqologiur sargebelTan, romelTa Soris
sazRvargareT mogzauroba unda bevrs, magram amis aris garemos dacva, ekologiuri TanamSromlobis gaR-
saSualeba aqvs msoflio mosaxleobis mxolod 14%-s.1. rmaveba, saxelmwifo Semosavlebis zrda, siRaribis Sem-
mogzauroba asocirdeba sazogadoebis elitarul na- cireba, infrastruqturis ganviTareba, ekonomikis di-
wilTan, radganac mogzauroba did finansur SesaZleb- versifikacia da adgilobrivi kulturis ganviTareba.
lobebTan aris dakavSirebuli. turistebis mier sazR- garemos dacvaze yuradRebis gamaxvilebiT mniSvne-
vris gadakveTa gansakuTrebiT problematuria totali- lovani cvlilebebi moxda sazogadoebis wevrTa suli-
taruli reJimis mqone qveynebSi. Tanamedrove industri- er faseulobebSi. kerZod, Seicvala adamianTa damoki-
uli sazogadoebisaTvis mogzaurobis procesi Seuqce- debuleba bunebis gamoyenebis mimarT. dReisaTvis maT
vadi gaxda. man SeiZina koniunqturuli xasiaTi. gare- gacilebiT metad surT bunebrivi resursebis mizanda-
mos dacvis xelSewyobisa da turistuli dasvenebis saxulad gamoyeneba, vidre winaT. Tanamedrove pirobeb-
mizniT adamians uwevs bevr sxva siamovnebaze uaris Si adamianebi ufro metad iCenen garemomcveli samya-
Tqma. ros da sxva kulturaTa monapovaris Secnobis inte-
ress. dRevandeli mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils
1 kvaracxelia n. msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciebi ufro metad surs daisvenon sazRvargareTis kurorteb-
da saqarTvelo. saerTaSoriso samecniero-praqtikuli konf- sa da Tvalwarmtac bunebaSi, daaTvalieron muzeumebi
erenciis masalebi `turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi”, gada Zeglebi.
momcemloba ùniversali”, Tbilisi, 2010, gv. 58.
101 102
sazogadoebis wevrTa aseTi midgomis paralelurad to kompaniebis ganviTarebam, maT mier gatarebulma sa-
gaizarda turistul produqtze moTxovnis aramarto faso politikam da sxva faqtorebma.
raodenoba, aramed gamkacrda misi maregulirebeli Tanamedrove etapze xSirad iyeneben termins ~speci-
kulturul-ekologiuri parametrebic. kerZod, gaZlier- alizebuli turizmi”. igi ar gulisxmobs turistebis
da ~cxovrebis xarisxis” gaumjobesebis tendenciebi. im kategorias, romlebic mogzauroben specifikuri
Tanamedrove etapze ukve aRar aris sakmarisi mxolod miznebiT, piradi gamocdilebis miRebisa da interesebis
miRebuli dadebiTi STabeWdilebebi. aucilebelia Seiq- dasakmayofileblad specialurad SerCeul geografi-
mnas daxvewili, maRali kulturisa da momsaxurebis mi- ul raionebSi. am SemTxvevaSi maTi mogzaurobis mTavar
Rebis survili. bunebrivia, rom rekreaciuli resurse- motivs warmoadgens profesiuli interesi, kulturisa
bisadmi aseTi midgoma aisaxa turistuli moTxovnis da bunebis Seswavlis mizniT gamovlenili pirovnuli
formirebaze. midrekilebebi. maRalganviTarebul qveynebSi adamianTa
amis gamo, turizmis dargmac Sesabamisi transfor- asakobrivi jgufebi gaizarda 35-dan 55 wlamde, romle-
macia ganicada. TandaTanobiT igi Camoyalibda dife- bic gamoirCevian maRali SemosavlebiT, da Sesabamisad
rencirebuli turizmis sferod, romelic konveiruli turizmisadmi gamorCeuli interesiT. isini wlis gan-
turizmisagan gansxvavebiT, ufro mravalferovania. am mavlobaSi iReben moklevadian Svebulebas da mogzau-
SemTxvevaSi turistuli produqti pasuxobs aramarto roben sxvadasxva regionSi.
unificirebul, aramed ekologiur moTxovnebs. garemos- saerTaSoriso turizmis ekologiuri efeqti. Tana-
dacviT RonisZiebebSi aRiniSneba didi turistuli fir- medrove msoflio turistebis saerTo raodenobaSi ima-
mebis wilis Semcireba da mcire kompaniebis gaaqtiure- ta 55 welze zeviT asakis mqone (pensionerTa) ricxvmac,
ba. Zlierdeba tur-produqciis ekologiurad ~gajansa- ramac gazarda turistul momsaxurebaze Sesabamisi
Rebis” tendencia. bunebrivi resursebis agresiuli mox- moTxovnac. tur-produqciis momxmarebelTa am katego-
mareba TandaTan icvleba maTi miznobrivi gamoyenebis rias axasiaTebs keTildReobis SenarCunebis maRali mo-
tendenciiT. viTardeba ekoturizmis marketingi. tivacia, sakmaod didi Tavisufali dro, SemecnebiTi
mTel msoflioSi gaZlierda moZraoba garemos dac- turizmisadmi didi interesi da sxva, rac xels uwyobs
vis mizniT. Sesabamisad moimata maRali Segnebis turis- kulturuli turizmis daCqarebul ganviTarebas. marTa-
tebis ricxvmac, rac xels uwyobs agroturistebis rao- lia, sakurorto, sanaxaobrivma da saqalaqo turizmis
denobis zrdas naklebad civilizebul regionebsa da tradiciulma formebma kvlav SeinarCunes popularoba,
qveynebSi. es viTareba ganapiroba ormagma midgomam: pir- magram isini ukve moiTxoven samogzauro garemos ufro
veli _ gaizarda ekologiisadmi turistebis mimRebi maRal dones. turistuli centrebi ufro aqtiurad
qveynebis yuradReba da meore _ TviT momxmareblebic awydebian ekologiur da socialur problemebs. tu-
gacilebiT ufro metad aRiareben garemo bunebis sa- rizmis dagegmvaSi daSvebuli Secdomebi Tavs iCenen ma-
TuT xasiaTs da aqtiurad zrunaven mis SenarCuneba-ga- Sin, roca ar aris gaTvaliswinebuli turistuli naka-
keTilSobilebaze. turizmis msoflio geografiaSi dis dasaSvebi zRvruli normebi, roca garemo gadat-
cvlileba ganapiroba Semosavlebis zrdam, satranspor-
103 104
virTulia turistebis simravliT, vidre maTi gamtaru- nen mezobeli, mosazRvre qveynebis teritoriaze. saer-
narianoba SeZlebs am raodenobis turistebis miRebas. TaSoriso turizmi pirvelad ganviTarda maRalganviTa-
Sesabamisad, saerTaSoriso masStabiT gaizarda tu- rebul qveynebSi, sadac samuSao drois wliur, kalen-
ristebis moTxovna kargad dagegmili, marTvadi turis- darul reJimSi gamoiyo saSvebulebo da dasvenebis
tuli centrebis mimarT. bolo dros gaaqtiurda tu- dro. Tavdapirvelad turistul mogzaurobas SemTxve-
ristebis moTxovna saqalaqo turizmis mimarTulebiT. viTi, qaosuri da araregularuli xasiaTi hqonda. Sem-
am mxriv samagaliToa germaniis federaciuli respub- degSi man miiRo ufro organizebuli saxe. gamoikveTa
likis gamocdileba, sadac saqalaqo turizmi ganixile- turistuli nakadebis mimarTulebebi da masStabebi. Ta-
ba, rogorc mega-bazari. saqalaqo turizmis saqonel- vianTi bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebisa da SeZenili tu-
brunvam germaniaSi mag, 2005 wels Seadgina 82 mlrd ev- ristuli upiratesobebis xarjze zogierTi qveyana ga-
ro. saerTaSoriso turizmSi ikveTeba iseTi mniSvnelo- daiqca turistebis mimReb imigrant qveynad, zogic ki –
vani tendenciebic, rogoricaa turistebis ganTavsebis turistebis gamgzavn donor saxelmwifod. Tavdapirve-
adgilis zrda. dasavleTis turistul bazarze jgufu- lad turistebis gamgzavreba xdeboda regionis SigniT,
ri tur-produqciiT sargebloben, rogorc wesi, axal- Semdeg turistebma daiwyes mogzauroba sxva regionebSi
gazrdebi, martoxela adamianebi, SezRuduli finanse- da kontinentebze.
bis mqone turistebi, pensionerebi da mlocvelebi. saerTaSoriso turizmis Semdgomi istoriuli gan-
Tanamedrove msoflios mraval qveyanaSi saerTaSo- viTareba dakavSirebulia kapitalis aRmocenebasTan,
riso turizmi viTardeba, rogorc erT-erTi uaRresad manqanuri industriis ganviTarebasTan, fulad-sasaqon-
rTuli sistema da socialur-sayofacxovrebo infras- lo gacvlisa da sasaqonlo kapitalis srulyofasTan.
truqturis diversificirebuli, dargTaSorisi kom- XIX _ XX saukuneTa mijnaze mrewvelobiT ganviTare-
pleqsi, romelic saSualebas iZleva gacnobil iqnas bul qveynebSi SeimCneoda turistuli biznesis organi-
konkretuli qveynis istoria, kultura, wes-Cveulebebi, zaciul-teqnikuri donis amaRleba. moxda saerTaSori-
sulieri faseulobebi da imavdroulad, qveyanas mouta- so turizmis ganviTarebis klasifikacia istoriuli
nos garkveuli sargebeli. yovelive zemoT aRniSnuli- (sawyisi, zrdisa da Tanamedrove) etapebis mixedviT.
dan gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso turizmi iTvleba qvey- 1980-ian wlebSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze
nis prestiJis amaRlebis mniSvnelovan faqtorad. uaryofiTi gavlena moaxdina socialisturi da kapita-
luri blokis qveynebis dapirispirebam, 1980-90-ian wleb-
reziume: Si saerTaSoriso turizmis damaxasiaTebel Tvisebad
iqca saSualo SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebis mxri-
amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi aris saerTaSori- dan turistul momsaxurebaze moTxovnis zrda.
so ekonomikur urTierTobaTa erT-erTi uZvelesi, is- XX da XXI saukuneTa mijnaze mimdinare globaluri
toriulad pirveli forma. igi Caisaxa uZveles droSi, geopolitikuri sistemis arastabilurobis, omebis, te-
rodesac erT romelime regionSi Semavali qveynebis rorizmis, respiratoruli daavadebebis, pnevmoniis, cu-
calkeuli adamianebi dasasveneblad droebiT gadavid- namisa da sxva stiqiuri ubedurebebis pirobebSi saer-
105 106
TaSoriso turizmma daamtkica aRdgenisadmi didi una- testebi:
ri. Seqmnili krizisis daZlevaSi mniSvnelovan rols
asrulebs marketinguli RonisZiebebi: msoflio turiz- 1. Tanamedrove turizmis sawyisi faza emTxveva:
mSi dRes SesamCnevia Semdegi saxis tendenciebi: 1. saer- a) XIX saukunes; b) XX saukunes;
TaSoriso masStabiT turistul produqtebze moTxov- g) XVII saukunes; d) XVIII saukunes.
nis evolucia; 2. turistuli industriis calkeuli
dargebis ganviTarebis winmswrebi tempebi; 3. qveynebis 2. turizmis sawyisi fazisTvis maxasiaTebelia:
ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ro- a). safosto qselis ganviTareba;
lis mkveTri zrda; 4. Semomyvani da gamyvani turizmis b) satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTareba;
geografiuli struqturis cvalebadi xasiaTi da a. S. g) mgzavrobisTvis rkinigzis, gemebis gamoyeneba;
saerTaSoriso turizmis Tanamedrove struqturis erT- d) mgzavrTa gadayvanis siCqaris gazrda;
erTi mTavari maxasiaTebeli Tvisebaa turistuli naka- e) mgzavrobis Rirebulebis Semcireba;
debis daubalansebeli zrda. 2010 wels msoflio tu- v) industrializaciiT keTildReobis zrda;
ristebis raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT, 20 %-iT z) pirveli brZola mivlinebis gamoyenebisaTvis.
gaizarda da am maCvenebelma miaRwia 1 mlrd kacs, xo-
lo maT mier saerTaSoriso mogzaurobisas daxarjul- 3. turizmis zrdis faza emTxveva:
ma Tanxam ki gadaaWarba 1,2 trln dolars. saerTaSori- a) XIX saukunis II naxevars;
so turizmis ganviTarebas axlavs garemos dacvis b) oqros standartis periods;
problema, rac gamoixateba mis ekologiur efeqtSi. g) 1970-iani wlebis mcurav kursTa sistemas;
d) 1914 – 1945 wlebis periods.
ZiriTadi terminologia: 4. turizmis zrdis fazisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia tu-

ristuli mogzaurobis monawileTa zrda:
- turistuli kompaniebi, turistuli procesebi da a) mdidari klasis xarjze;
tur-produqtebi; b) saSualo klasis xarjze;
- saerTaSoriso turizmis sawyisi, zrdisa da Ta- g) Raribi klasis xarjze;
namedrove faza; a) saxelmwifo moxeleTa mogzaurobis xarjze.
- turistuli industria da ufleba turizmze;
- turistuli bazrobebi da gamofenebi;
- turistuli Casvlebi;
- turizmis globaluri eTikuri kodeqsi.
107 108
Tavi 3. turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebaTa
saerTaSoriso turizmis infrastruqtura (sastumroTa) organizeba
saerTaSoriso turizmis infrastruqtura moicavs sastumro biznesis ganviTarebis istoria. turistu-

turistebze momsaxurebis gawevisaTvis saWiro iseT sali mgzavrobis organizebis TaviseburebaTa gaTvalis-
Sualebebs, rogoricaa: turistebis ganTavsebis saSua- winebis mizniT mniSvnelovania sastumro biznesis gan-
lebebi, turistuli kompaniebi, (saagentoebi), satran- viTarebis istoriul aspeqtSi ganxilva, rac mniSvne-
sporto saSualebebi, sazogadoebrivi kvebis sistema, lovnad aamaRlebs saerTaSoriso turizmis ekonomikur
garToba, atraqciis sistema, dazRveva da sabanko-safi- efeqtianobas. turistuli biznesis erT-erTi mniSvne-
nanso-sainformacio momsaxureba. turistuli biznesi–- lovani mimarTulebaa sastumro biznesi, romelsac gan-
msoflio ekonomikis erT-erTi yvelaze swrafad mzardi viTarebis sakmaod xangrZlivi istoria aqvs. sastumro-
sferoia. qveynis mTliani Sida produqciis struqtura- Ta saqmianobis istoria mraval saukunes moicavs. Tana-
Si turistuli industriis rolis Sesaxeb informaciis medrove sastumros erT-erT pirvel gamovlinebas war-
gamoqveyneba yovelTvis popularuli iqneba manamde, sa- moadgens Zvel saberZneTsa da romis imperiaSi turis-
nam zustad ar aRiricxeba mis Sesaxeb yvela saxis in- tebis mimRebi soflis garemos dasaxlebebSi agebuli
formacia. saojaxo tipis saxlebi. ase magaliTad, Zveli romis
investiciuri aqtivobis formebi SeiZleba iyos sru- teritoriebi dafaruli iyo lamazi gzebis qseliT, ro-
liad sxvadasxvagvari. sastumroTa kompleqsSi moqme- melic uzrunvelyofda samxedro Zalebis swraf gadas-
debs bevri iseTi saxis investicia, rogoricaa: franCai- rolas imperiis sxvadasxva mxares. romis imperiis gze-
zingi, lizingi, sindikati, kontraqtis mixedviT marTva bi gamoiyeneboda mgzavrebis mierac. turistebi am gziT
da a. S. turistuli kompaniebis finansur-ekonomikur axerxebdnen didi daSorebis manZilze, soflad, dasve-
maCvenebelTa gamoTvla mniSvnelovania firmis materia- nebis organizebasac.
luri mdgomareobis ~sijansaRisa” da gadaxdisunaria- Sua saukuneebSi Tanamedrove sastumros funqcias
nobis Sesafaseblad. turistuli firmebis TviTRirebu- asrulebda monastrebi, sadac mgzavrebs SeeZloT Ramis
lebisa da danaxarjebis struqturis analizi, romelic gaTeva, ufasod mieRoT puris natexi da Wiqa-wyali. am
xorcieldeba mmarTvelobiTi buRalteriis angariSis droisaTvis agreTve funqcionirebdnen mravalricxova-
farglebSi, iZleva swori daskvnebis gakeTebis saSua- ni sasaxleebi. maT centrSi, rogorc wesi, iyo cxenis
lebas: mogebis maqsimizaciis, danaxarjebis minimizaci- gasaCerebeli (sajiniboebi) da adgili msaxiobTa mier
is adeqvaturi sammarTvelo gadawyvetilebebis momzade- sasacilo scenebis dasadgmelad. sasaxleTa zeda sar-
bis, miRebisa da realizaciis SesaZleblobas. Tulebi gamiznuli iyo mgzavrTa dasasveneblad. saqar-
TveloSi am droisaTvis gavrcelebuli iyo mgzavrTa
kvebis mizniT agebuli sasaxleebi. Sua saukuneebis ev-
ropaSi mgzavrTa ganTavsebis saSualebaTa mTavar fun-
qcias asrulebda samefo daniSnulebis rezidenciebi,
109 110
romlebic gamoiyenebodnen mgzavrebis dasvenebisa da gamiznuli sastumroebis mSenebloba. sastumroTa gver-
nadirobisaTvis. mag., ruseTSi am mizniT agebuli iyo diT viTardeboda garTobis industria. moxda sastum-
lamazi samefo tipis sasaxleebi. roebisa da kazinoebis gaerTianeba.
sastumroTa mSeneblobas mniSvnelovani biZgi mieca sastumroTa mSeneblobaSi aqtiuri monawileobis
axal droSi. samrewvelo revoluciam gamoiwvia or- miReba daiwyes aviakompaniebma. ase magaliTad, erT-erTi
Tqmavlebis, Tbomavlebis mSenebloba, ramac gza gaux- pirveli sastumro ~inter-kontinentali” aago ameri-
sna Tanamedrove masobrivi turizmis ganviTarebas. sa- kulma aviakompaniam. 1970 - 80-ian wlebSi sastumros
kurorto saqmianobis aRmavlobam evropaSi gamoiwvia funqciebis realizaciis mizniT daarsda ~marioti”,
mravalricxovan sastumroTa ageba, romlebic ganlagda ~Seratoni”, ~redisoni” da sxvebi. Tanamedrove etapze
balneologiuri kurortebis siaxloves da xmelTaSua mimdinareobs sastumroTa bazris Semdgomi segmentacia
zRvis sanapiroze. sastumroebi aSenda Cveni qveynis cenda specializacia, ekologiuri otelebis da sastumro-
tralur qalaqebSic. mosaxleobaSi turistuli gemovne- ebis mSenebloba.
bis zrdam da sastumro saqmianobis ganviTarebam xeli otelebi da sastumroebi gaTvlilni arian gansxva-
Seuwyo im droisaTvis moqmedi msxvili mewarmeebis, vebuli moTxovnis mqone klientebze da asruleben
profesionalebisa da enTuziazistebis gaaqtiurebas. sxvadasxva saxis funqcias. otelebis erT-erT met-nak-
sastumroebis paralelurad viTardeboda sares- lebad gavrcelebul formas warmoadgens biznes-ote-
torno biznesic. sastumroebis mimdebare teritoriaze lebi. isini, rogorc wesi, Sendebian qalaqebis saqmian
restornebis organizebaSi namdvili revolucia moax- centrebSi. am tipis sastumroebSi unda iyos saqmiani
dina Tavisi drois cnobilma, didebulma kulinarma adamianebis dasvenebisaTvis saWiro yvela aucilebeli
jorj avgust eqskorma. mis saxelTan aris dakavSirebu- piroba: sauna, auzi, satrenaJoro zala da sxva. am ti-
li Ria tipis restornebis gaxsna safrangeTis im dro- pis sastumros unda gaaCndes biznes-centri saqmiani ga-
isaTvis cnobil, mowinave sastumroebSi. XX saukunis I rigebis damyarebis yvela pirobiT: faqsiT, el-fostiT
aTwleuli turizmisaTvis iTvleba sastumroTa mSeneb- da a. S.
lobis dawyebis drod. erT-erTi aseTi pirveli sastum- Tanamedrove otelebis erT-erT nairsaxeobas war-
ro iyo ~bufalo statleri”. igi gaixsna 1908 wels. moadgens sakurorto otelebi. isini ganTavsebulni
I msoflio omis Semdeg sastumroTa saqmianobis bu- arian zRvis sanapiroze an dasvenebis prestiJul adgi-
mi dakavSirebuli iyo konrad hiltonis saxelTan. ker- lebSi. rac ufro axlos iqneba oteli sanapiro zol-
Zod, 1920-ian wlebSi mis mier daarsda im droisaTvis Tan, rogorc wesi, miT ufro maRalia masSi ganTasebis
yvelaze msxvili sastumro ~konrad hiltoni”. II msof- Rirebuleba. nomerTa Rirebuleba aseT sastumroebSi
lio omis Semdeg moxda mniSvnelovani cvlilebebi sa- izrdeba nomerSi zRvis xedis (sea view) mqone aivnebis
zogadoebaSi, rac gamoisaxa turistebis ganTavsebis sa- arsebobis dros. sakurorto tipis sastumroebs umrav-
SualebaTa organizebaSi. am periods ganekuTvneba mog- les SemTxvevaSi gaaCniaT kvebis srulfasovani sistema.
zauri mZRolebisaTvis pirveli motelebis, aeroporte- kveba SeiZleba organizebuli iqnas Semdegi klasebis
bis momsaxure sastumroebis, ojaxuri dasvenebisaTvis mixedviT:
111 112
1. sruli pansioni (Full Board) _ es aris momsaxure- romelic aucilebel komponentad iTvleba turistuli
bis sruli kompleqsi, romelic moicavs turistebis mogzaurobis ganxorcielebisas.
ganTavsebasa da samjerad kvebas (FB);
2. naxevarpansioni (Half Board), romelic moicavs
turistebis ganTavsebasa da orjerad kvebas _ sauzmesa sastumroTa klasifikacia momsaxurebis
da sadils, an sadilsa da vaxSams (HB); mixedviT
3.ganTavseba da sauzme (Bed and Breakfast)(ÂÂ).
nebismieri mogzaurobis mniSvnelovan elements sastumroebi warmoadgenen nebismieri tur-produq-
warmoadgens turistebis ganTavseba. ganTavsebis saSua- ciis damzadebis bazas. turistebis ganTavseba Sedis
lebebis ZiriTad struqturul erTeuls warmoadgens sastumroTa momsaxurebis paketSi. transporti agreTve
sastumro. ekonomikur urTierTobebSi sastumro bizne- iTvleba nebismieri mogzaurobis ganuyofel nawilad,
si ganixileba rogorc erovnuli ekonomikis nawili, radganac igi gulisxmobs turistebis sivrcobriv gada-
romelic moicavs gansazRvruli saxis sastumro pro- adgilebas. tur-operatorebi es aris is samewarmeo su-
duqciis warmoebas, ganawilebas da moxmarebas. msof- bieqtebi, romlebic SeimuSaveben turebs. rogorc wesi,
lio ekonomikis TvalsazrisiT, sastumro biznesi war- erTmaneTisagan ganasxvaveben iniciativur da receptul
moadgens saqmianobis sferos, romlis ganviTareba uf- tur-operatorebs. iniciativuri tur-operatorebi es
ro metad aris damokidebuli msoflio meurneobriv iseTi operatorebia, romlebic ucxoeTSi uZRvebian tu-
procesebze, vidre Sida movlenebze. Tanamedrove etap- rebs, xolo receptuli tur-operatori ki SeimuSavebs
ze sastumroebis seqtori mravali qveynis ekonomikuri qveynis SigniT turistebis miRebis programebs. profe-
zrdis mTavar katalizatorad gvevlineba. sastumroe- sional tur-operatorTa sia dgindeba popularul mi-
bis sferos ganviTarebiT iqmneba axali samuSao adgi- marTulebaTa mixedviT. turistuli agentebi es aris
lebi, miiRweva investiciebis swraf gamosyidvas, efeq- sawarmoebi, romlebic axdenen tur-operatorebis mier
turobis maRal dones, daculia kulturuli memkvidre- sxvadasxva qselSi SemuSavebuli turebis realizebas.
obis Zeglebi, motivirebulia turizmis mobiloba. tur-agentebisagan tur-operatorebs ganasxvavebs tur-o-
amrigad, ganTavsebis saSualebaTa organizebis Zi- pereitingi. tur-opereitingi es aris turistuli prog-
riTadi infrastruqturuli formaa sastumroebi. isini ramebis, anu turebis SemuSaveba. globaluri kompiute-
axdenen SemecnebiTi, garTobis, saqmiani da sxva mizniT ruli qseli es aris dajavSnis iseTi sistema, romelic
Camosul turistTa umetesi nawilis akumulirebas. gan- SeiZleba gadaiqces tur-produqciis realizaciis ar-
Tavsebis saSualebebi qmnian sakurorto-gamajansaRebel xad.
infrastruqturas. aq eyrdnobian iseT komponentebs, ukanaskneli aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi internet-
rogoricaa vauCeri, transferi da Carteri. gansazRvru- qseli gadaiqca tur-produqtebis reklamirebis efeq-
li mniSvneloba gaaCnia dazRvevis ZiriTad elementebs, tur saSualebad. aq erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan da
pirvel safexurs warmoadgens turistuli firmebis
veb-gverdebis Seqmna. bevrad ufro popularulia dajav-
113 114
Snis sistema, rodesac pirdapir veb-gverdze daregis- oTaxebi abazaniTa da duSiT, telefoniTa da televi-
trirebul agents SeuZlia uproblemod moipovos gan- zoriT. cxeli klimatis raionebSi aseTi donis servi-
sazRvrul droSi adgilebis Sesaxeb informacia da sis aucilebel pirobas warmoadgens kondencireba
swrafad daukveTos turi. internet-qselSi ganTavsebu- (grili komforti miiRweva 180-dan 250-is dros). TeTreu-
li reklamis erT-erT ZiriTad saxes warmoadgens bane- lis Secvla unda moxdes yoveldRiurad. samvarskvla-
ruli reklama. ucxoeTis turistul saqmianobaSi ukve vian sastumros SeiZleba hqondes Tavisi restorani. am
didi xania gamoiyeneba sainformacio teqnologiebi. tipis sastumros klients SeuZlia isargeblos mezobe-
sastumroTa momsaxurebis klasifikacia, romelic li, oTxvarskvlaviani sastumros restorniT. miRebisa
varskvlavebiT gamoisaxeba, SemuSavebulia msoflio tu- da ganTavsebis samsaxuris gverdiT holSi unda iyos
ristuli organizaciis mier. amis garda, maserTifici- seifi, sadac SesaZlebeli unda iyos Zvirfaseulobisa
rebeli organoebisa da xarisxis saerTaSoriso stan- da dokumentebis Senaxva. aqve sasurvelia ganTavsdes
dartebis SemmuSavebeli organo aris ~mrewvelobis, ko- sainformacio dafa saeqskursio programebis SeTavaze-
merciisa da vaWrobis evropuli ekonomikuri palata”, biT. aseTi sastumroebis nomrebs unda gaaCndeT tele-
romelic saerTaSoriso arasamTavrobo organizaciaa. foni Sida da gare kavSirebis dasamyareblad adminis-
igi daregistrirebulia briuselSi evrokavSiris nor- tratoris meSveobiT. sastumros gverdiT unda iyos av-
matiuli dokumentebis Sesabamisad. klasifikaciis Ta- tosadgomi, am sastumros stumarTgamtarianobis raode-
naxmad, ~varskvlavebis” raodenobis mixedviT, sastum- nobis Sesabamisi avtomobilebis gaCerebis unariT. ase-
ros momsaxurebis xarisxi fasdeba erTidan xuTamde. Ti sastumros personali unda flobdes or ucxo enas.
èrT- da orvarskvlaviani” sastumroebi iZlevian ~oTxvarskvlavian” sastumroTa winaSe wayenebuli
aucilebel licenzirebul serviss, romelsac ganekuT- moTxovnebi. ~oTxvarskvlaviani” kategoriis sastumroe-
vneba miRebis da ganTavsebis samsaxuris arseboba, TeT- bi unda flobdnen servisis bevrad ufro maRal dones.
reulis yovelkvireuli gamocvla (erTvarskvlavian aseT sastumroTa nomrebSi, momsaxurebis bazisur kre-
sastumroSi TeTreuls cvlian axali klientis miRebis bulTan erTad, unda iyos kondencireba da mini-bari.
Semdeg, xolo orvarskvlavianSi ki – kviraSi orjer), satelevizio programebis farTo arsenals Soris xSi-
gadaudebeli samedicino daxmareba, safosto momsaxu- rad ar gvxvdeba erovnuli programa. nomrebSi SeiZle-
reba, faseulobaTa dacvis samsaxuri. erT- da orvar- ba imyofebodes individualuri seifi kodirebis siste-
skvlavian sastumroTa mSeneblobisas, rogorc wesi, ga- miT. am tipis sastumroebs xSirad aqvT aivani da saku-
moiyeneba iafi samSeneblo masala, magram sastumros Tari auzi. isini turistebs sTavazoben damatebiT ser-
servisSi unda Sediodes sadReRamiso civ-cxeli wyliT, viss, romelsac ganekuTvneba: fitnes-gasarTobi centri,
gaTbobiT, sastumros satelefono kavSirebiTa da gamajansaRebeli procedurebi da a. S. am kategoriis
eleqtroenergiis uwyveti wyaroTi uzrunvelyofa. sastumroebSi organizebuli unda iyos ~Sveicaruli ma-
~samvarskvlaviani” sastumroebi. Tanamedrove sas- gida”. am tipis magidaSi sakvebis misaRebad saWiro
tumro servisi iwyeba ~samvarskvlaviani” kategoriiT. am dros sauzmisas Seadgens saSualod 15 _ 20 wuTs, xo-
tipis sastumros nomrebSi unda iyos calke tualetis lo sadilobisa da vaxSmobis dros ki _ 25_30 wuTs.
115 116
~Svedur” magidaze servisis upiratesoba isaa, rom dam- ~sastumro servisis piqtogramiT”, romelic, rogorc
svenebels ar uxdeba didxans lodini maT mier dakveTi- standartizebuli informaciis erTiani sistema, Semu-
li saWmlis motanisaTvis.1 sadils damsveneblebi ukve- Savda 1996 wels, evrokavSiris ministrTa sabWos mier
Taven TavianT Sexedulebisamebr. ~Sveduri” magida moi- turistebisaTvis orientaciis gaadvilebis mizniT.
cavs kvebis Semdeg sistemas: magidebis umravlesobaSi xarisxis saerTaSoriso kriteriums warmoadgens ev-
waredginebaT saWmeli dasalevTan erTad. magidaze un- ropis sastumro standarti (EUHS). serTificirebis
da iyos 5-6 adamianze gaTvlili dana-Cangali, TefSi da proceduris gavliT, sastumro iRebs miniWebuli kate-
erTjeradi xelsaxoci. am tipis servisis dros otelis goriis ~varskvlavis” Sesabamisi simbolikis gamoyene-
stumrebisTvis magidas aseve Slian darbazSi Ria aivan- bis uflebas. serTifikatis Rirebuleba damokidebulia
ze. specialur avtomatebSi SeiZleba Camoisxas yava, ka- im nomerTa da ~varskvlavTa” odenobaze, razec ayenebs
kao da sxva saxis wvenebi. Rvino, rogorc wesi, miewo- pretenzias sastumro.
debaT calke, damatebiTi anazRaurebis SemTxvevaSi.
cxadia uazroba iqneba, Tu dam-svenebeli darbazidan,
sadac organizebulia ~Sveduri magida”, kvebis pro- sakurorto tipis sastumroTa qselis orga-
duqts aitans Tavis oTaxSi. ~oTxvarskvlavian” sastum- nizacia
roTa sanomro fondebSi unda iyos ramdenime apartamen-
ti. ~oTxvarskvlavian” sastumroebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT sakurorto tipis sastumroebs gaaCniaT adgilobri-
sakuTari sazRvao plaJi. igi ufasoa Tavisi klientebi- vi holebi, sadac sainformacio stendze SesaZlebelia
saTvis. moZiebuli iqnes yvela saxis informacia rogorc ote-
~xuTvarskvlavian” sastumroTa winaSe wayenebuli lis, ise mocemul sakurorto zonaSi SemoTavazebuli
moTxovnebi. ~xuTvarskvlavian” sastumroebSi momsaxu- eqskursiebis Sesaxeb. sakurorto tipis sastumroTa
rebis zemoT CamoTvlili saxeebis garda, turistebs gverdiT xSirad ageben restornebsa da kafe-barebs. zo-
unda gaewioT Semdegi saxis momsaxureba: klientis gierT sakurorto sastumroSi xSirad sTavazoben ani-
moTxovnis Sesabamisad oTaxis sadReRamiso safuZvlia- maciur programebs. mag, es damaxasiaTebelia iseTi qvey-
ni dalageba, sadilis mirTmeva pirdapir nomerSi. ~xuT- nebisaTvis, rogoricaa TurqeTi. saRamoobiT aseT sas-
varskvlaviani” sastumrosaTvis mikuTvnebul zRvis sa- tumroebSi modian adgilobrivi animatorebi TavianTi
napiros unda hqondes Ramis ganaTeba. ~xuTvarskvlavia- animaciuri Sedevrebis demonstrirebisaTvis. am tipis
ni” sastumros personali unda flobdes minimum sam sastumroebSi imarTeba mravalricxovani viqtorinebi.
ucxo enas mainc. momsaxurebis saxeebi, romelTac sTa- sakurorto tipis sastumroebSi kvebis organizeba
vazoben Tanamedrove sastumroebSi SeiZleba ranJirdes xSirad xdeba ~Sveduri tipis magidis” Sesabamisad. imi-
saTvis, rom eqskursiaze, mTeli dRis vadiT, diliT ad-
1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru./. Теоретические и практические основы меж- re gamgzavrebuli turisti ar darCes mSieri saWiroa
дународного туризма. man droulad datovos Sesabamisi informacia sastum-
ros miReba-ganTavsebis ganyofilebaSi. eqskursiaze gam-
117 118
gzavrebis win turistma unda moiTxovos mSrali sakve- ma. am sastumroebs aqvT gansazRvruli servisi anu aq
bi (~lanCis paketi”), romelic moicavs karaqian purs arsebobs momsaxurebis SezRuduli krebuli. es sastum-
(Butterbrot), xils da a. S., rac turists daicavs roebi ganTavsdeba qalaqis mosazRvre ubnebSi. isini
SimSilisagan. turistebs, rogorc wesi, sTavazoben mxolod RamisTe-
sakurorto otelebis erT-erT problemas warmoad- vas. xSirad ise xdeba, rom aseT sastumroebSi kveba ar
gens ganTavsebis sezonuroba. `cxel” sezonze sakuror- eZleva turists, restornebi ki ganTavsebulia maT si-
to otelebi, rogorc wesi, sruliad aris Sevsili, xo- axloves. momsaxurebis spartanuli xasiaTis gamo, aseT
lo arasezonur periodSi ki maTi nomrebi ZiriTadad sastumroTa nomerTa fasi bevrad ufro dabalia, vidre
Tavisufalia turistebisagan. sezonuri ryevis Semcire- mezobel, srulservisian sastumroebSi, rac warmoad-
bis mizniT, saWiroa sastumros specializacias daema- gens SedarebiT Raribi kategoriis klientTa interess.
tos damatebiTi funqciebi. xSirad am tipis sastumro- sastumro bazis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizezi gax-
ebSi montaJdeba kongres-holebi, Sekrebebis, simpoziu- da turistuli saqmianobis axali saxeobebis da gan-
mebisa da konferenciebis organizebis mizniT. am Sem- sxvavebuli biujeturi SesaZleblobebis mqone turis-
TxvevaSi sastumros menejerma SeiZleba uzrunvelyos tebis gamoCena. magaliTad, evropis mTel rig qveynebSi
sastumros nomrebis sruli Sevseba uwyvetad, mTeli mravalricxovani Suasaukunovani sastumroebi gadakeT-
wlis ganmavlobaSi. turistTa ganTavsebis xSirad Sem- da Tanamedrove sastumroebad. aRmocenda saucxoo
xvedr saSualebebs ganekuTvneba motelebi da kempinge- formisa da dagegmarebis sastumroebi. magaliTad, du-
bi. bais erT-erT arabul sastumros gaaCnia cisferi da
moteli warmoadgens ZviradRirebul sastumros av- TeTri fasadi, romelic ganlagebulia zRvaSi. mag., av-
tomobilis mflobelTaTvis. isini SeiaraRebulni unda straliaSi arsebobs wyalqveSa sastumro didi damcavi
iyvnen iseTnairad, rom mgzavrobisagan daRlilma barieriT, sadac nomrebi ganTavsebulia zRvis dones-
mZRolma minimaluri Zala daxarjos nomeris gaforme- Tan SedarebiT dabla, xolo stumrebs SeuZliaT ucqi-
bisaTvis. rogorc wesi, motelis gverdiT unda iyos av- ron wyalqveSa cxovrebas pirdapir TavianTi nomris
tosadgomi. kempingi warmoadgens avtomobilebis mflo- saknidan.
belebisa da masTan erTad mogzauri turistebis gan- Tanamedrove etapze turizmis erT-erT popularul
Tavsebis erT-erT yvelaze iaf saSualebas. yvela kem- nairsaxeobas warmoadgens ekologiuri turizmi. aman
pingis teritoriaze unda iyos avtomobilebis sadgomi. gamoiwvia ekologiuri sastumroebis ageba. ekologiuri
kempingebi uzrunvelyofili unda iyos eleqtronuli sastumroebis gavrceleba _es aris bunebrivi garemo-
kvebis wyaroTi, sanitaruli aRWurvilobiT, civi da sadmi frTxili damokidebulebis erTgvari gamoZaxili.
cxeli wyliT, saWmlis mosamzadebeli bufetiT. kempin- aseTi sastumroebi SeiZleba ganTavsdes giganturi sof-
gi muSaobs rogorc mTeli wlis manZilze, ise sezonu- lebis siaxloves. am tipis sastumros nomrebSi SeiZle-
radac. ba gamoyenebuli iqnes baraTebi, romlebic stumrebs iw-
ekonomikuri klasis otelebi. Tanamedrove pirobeb- veven TeTreulis ganmeorebiTi sargeblobis uflebiT,
Si didi gavrceleba hpova ekonomikuri klasis oteleb- Tu sastumroSi maTi yofnis vada gadaaWarbebs erT Ra-
119 120
mes. aseT sastumroebSi SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes rebeli daregistrirebulia, periodulad xdeba maTi
energiis alternatiuli wyaroebi. inspeqtireba msoflio standartebis fsiqologiuri at-
axalgazrda turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebebi. mosferos da SeTavazebuli servisis donis CaTvliT. am
Tanamedrove etapze farTo gavrceleba hpova axalgaz- TvalsazrisiT, sastumro tipis saxli sacxovreblad
rdebis ganTavsebis saSualebebma. am tipis axalgazrdu- warmoadgens popularul adgils, radganac ucxoeli
li RamissaTevebi ewyoba skolis SenobebSi. studentTa turistebi erTxmad aRiareben msxvil sastumroebSi ar-
saerTo sacxovrebelSi ardadegebis dros studentebis- sebul mSral, gulciv garemos da mcire zomis sastum-
Tvis ewyoba iafi sastumroebi. evropaSi farTo gavrce- roebSi arsebul sulierad mSvid da ojaxur atmosfe-
leba hpova hostelebma. hosteli warmoadgens iaf, ros.
axalgazrdul sastumros, romelic stumrebs sTava-
zobs Ramis iafad gaTevis saSualebas. hostelingis
tendencia pirvelad gaCnda germaniaSi, roca axalgaz- sastumroTa momsaxurebis klasifikacia da
rda sazogadoebam (e. w. ~gadamfrinavma Citebma”, ro- sastumro nomrebis serTificireba
gorc maT uwodebdnen im drois germanelebi) 1910 wels
gaxsna ubralo da iafi axalgazrduli sastumro. 1930 sastumroTa klasifikacia SeiZleba moxdes momsa-
wels inglisSi Seiqmna hostelebis pirveli asociacia. xurebis saxeebis mixedviT. am tipis sastumroTa fun-
1932 wlidan moqmedebs hostelebis saerTaSoriso aso- qcionaluri daniSnulebisa da miRebuli turistebis
ciacia. hostelebs yovel sarTulze gaaCniaT derefne- mier agroseqtoris mimarT gamoxatul interesTa msgav-
bi, saerTo tualetebiT, saabazanoTi da samzareuloTi, sebis gamo, sastumro tipis saxlebi warmoadgenen e. w.
dasvenebis saerTo oTaxiT, telefoniTa da televizo- mcire sastumroebs.sastumro iTvleba ganTavsebis saSu-
riT. kvebis organizeba xdeba kafeSi, sadac magidas alebad, Tu misi sanomero fondi aWarbebs 10-s, xolo
Slian ramdenime kacze. hostelebSi oTaxebi gaTvlilia mcire sastumroebSi ar unda iyos 100-ze meti nomeri.
2-6 adgilze. nebismier qveyanaSi turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebi-
agroturizmis ganviTareba gadaiqca ganTavsebis saTvis gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba aqvs sastumro-
axal saSualebaTa aRmocenebis mizezi. am tipis sastum- Ta kompleqsis optimalur ganviTarebas, maT raciona-
roebs warmoadgens agroturistuli fermebi. zogierT lur ganlagebas. mcire sastumroebis Seqmna efeqturia
qveyanaSi, magaliTad, irlandiasa da avstriaSi farTod iseT regionebSi, romelTac potenciurad mimzidveli
aris gavrcelebuli turistebis ganTavsebis iseTi sa- ganlageba aqvT turistebisaTvis, magram imavdroulad
Sualebebi, rogoricaa ~sastumro saxlebi”. es aris gaaCniaT myudro nomrebis fondi. mcire tipis sastum-
ojaxuri tipis sacxovreblebi, romlebic gamoiyeneba roebi msxvil qalaqebSi SeiZleba aSendes qalaqgareT
turistebis ganTavsebisaTvis. Cveulebisamebr turis- samrewvelo sawarmoTa mier gatanili ZiriTadi fonde-
tebs aq sTavazoben xuT da ufro met nomers. am katebis rekonstruqciis Sedegad an Zveli sacxovrebeli
goriis sacxovreblebSi sufevs saojaxo atmosfero da fondis profilis gamocvlis xarjze. mcire sastumro-
klientebisadmi individualuri midgoma. yvela sacxov- ebs SeiZleba warmateba hqondeT agreTve mcire saku-
121 122
rorto qalaqebSi, radganac maTSi cxovrebis fasebi bia Semdegi: otelSi sawolTa raodenoba, zRvis sanapi-
ufro dabalia, vidre msxvil sastumroebSi. rosTan siaxlove, satelefono centridan daSoreba,
turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebebma SeiZleba Sei- nomerSi televizori, nomerSi mini-bari, nomerSi seifi,
Zinos ~ardadegebze droebiT sargeblobaSi gamoyeneba- nomerSi bari, sazogadoebrivi TavSeyris adgilebSi te-
di sakuTrebis” forma. saerTaSoriso turizmSi uZravi levizoriani oTaxi, diskoTeka, kondencioneri, daxuru-
qonebis erToblivi gamoyenebis am formiT sargeblobi- li auzi, oTaxebi mdidrebisaTvis, sabavSvo auzi, baRi,
sas dro izomeba kvireebis mixedviT. is asaxavs turis- sakonferencio darbazi, bavSvTa saTamaSo moedani, sau-
tuli moTxovnis dinamikas. na da a. S. sastumroebs damatebiT SeiZleba hqondeT
Tanamedrove etapze aRmocenda bevri sxva funqcio- CogburTis saTamaSo moedani, ZaRlebis saseirno adgi-
naluri saxeobis turistebis ganTavsebis saSualeba. mali, satrenaJoro darbazi da a. S. serTificirebis pro-
g., aseTia roteli. es aris vagoni-traileris tipis moZ- cedura Cveulebisamebr warmoebs ramdenime etapad. Ta-
ravi sastumro; flaiteli _ es aris aeroportis siax- vidan sameurneo subieqti ganacxadiT mimarTavs maser-
loves myofi sastumro; floteli da boteli _ am ti- Tificirebel organos. ganacxads unda daerTos anketa,
pis sastumroebi emsaxurebian wylis gavliT mogzaur romelic moicavs cnobebs ganTavsebis saSualebis sa-
turistebs. sastumroebs SeiZleba gaaCndeT saocrad nomro fondis struqturis Sesaxeb. es monacemebi saWi-
originaluri saxe. roa serTificirebis samuSaos moculobisa da fasis
servisis xarisxis Sefaseba xdeba sastumroebisa da gansazRvrisaTvis.
otelebis momsaxurebis serTifikaciis gziT. did bri- serTificirebis procesSi sastumros administraci-
taneTSi, saberZneTSi, amerikasa da slovakeTSi momsaxu- am unda waradginos is dokumentebi, romlebic amtkice-
rebis serTificireba xdeba sxvadasxva niSnis mixedviT, ben saxanZro usafrTxoebis, sanitarul-higienuri da
magram msoflioSi yvelaze ufro gavrcelebulia sas- sxva normebis damcav mowyobilobaTa arsebobas. ganacx-
tumroTa momsaxurebis klasifikacia ~varskvlavebis” adis wardgenis Semdeg iqmneba specialuri, eqspertTa
sistemis Sesabamisad. komisia, romelic axorcielebs ganTavsebis saSualebi-
sastumros nomerTa serTificirebis dros dgindeba sa da misi sanomre fondis Sesabamisi kategoriis Sefa-
maTi kategoriebi. kerZod, esenia: umaRlesi, pirveli, me- sebis proceduras. am dros ganTavsebis saSualebam un-
ore da mesame kategoriis sastumroebi. maT Soris da daakmayofilos is minimaluri moTxovnebi, romelic
umaRlesi kategoriis nomrebi, Tavis mxriv, iyofa ~siu- waeyenebaT xolme am tipis sastumroebs mocemuli ma-
tebad”, ~apartamentebad”, ~studiebad” da ~luqsebad”. serTificirebeli organos mier. Sefasebis Sedegebi
serTificirebis gavlisa da kategoriis miniWebis miz- formdeba specialuri debulebis saxiT, romelic imav-
niT saWiroa sastumrom daweros gancxadeba da Seavsos droulad unda Seesabamebodes sastumros nomerTa
anketa-kiTxvari. am dokumentebis miRebis Semdeg, maser- adeqvatur kategorias. igi agreTve formdeba Sesabamisi
Tificirebeli organo gansazRvravs wess, romlis Sesa- xelSekrulebis saxiT. saeqsperto komisiis muSaobis
bamisadac Catardeba serTificirebis procedura. sas- Sedegebis mixedviT dgeba aqti, romelsac xeli moewe-
tumros nomerTa kategoriis ganmsazRvreli atribute-
123 124
reba dawesebulebis xelmZRvanelis, komisiis Tavmjdo- Cveulebisamebr klients eZleva sastumros ~savizito
marisa da wevrebis mier. baraTi”, romelic warmoadgens restoranSi, zRvis sana-
aqts daerTveba zemoT CamoTvlili dokumentebi. mu- piroze, sakurorto da sxva obieqtebze Sesvlis nebar-
Saobis Sedegebi ki gadaecema saatestacio komisias gan- Tvis momcem saSvs, romelTanac sastumros gaaCnia Sesa-
Tavsebis saSualebisaTvis Sesabamisi kategoriis miniWe- bamisi SeTanxmeba. mag., aseTi baraTi SeiZleba gamoyene-
bis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis misaRebad. Tu saatestacio buli iqnes adgilobriv kazinoSi ufaso saSvis saxiT.
komisia miiRebs dadebiT gadawyvetilebas, maSin saates- darbazSi, sadac ganTavsebulia miRebisa da ganTavsebis
tacio komisiis xelmZRvanelTa mier serTifikatze samsaxuri, organizebulia valutebis urTierTgacvla.
xelmoweris Semdeg, serTifikati unda daregistrirdes aq nomridan gasvlis dros klients SeuZlia datovos
sajaro reestrSi. rogorc wesi, serTifikati gaicema Tavisi nomris gasaRebi. miReba-ganTavsebis samsaxuris
xuTi wlis vadiT. serTifikatis aRebis Semdeg sastum- menejeri unda flobdes ramdenime ucxo enas, unda
ros administracias ar unda daaviwydes, rom mTliani iyos komunikabeluri, fsiqologi da a.S.
vadis ganmavlobaSi serTifikatis moqmedeba, gadamowme- kvebis samsaxuris organizeba sastumroSi. kvebis
bis mizniT, gadaixedeba makontrolebeli inspeqcis mi- samsaxuri sastumroSi warmodgenilia aramarto res-
er. Tu aseTi gadamowmebis dros sastumros muSaobaSi tornebiTa da kafe-barebiT. Tanamedrove sastumroebSi
gamovlindeba mniSvnelovani darRvevebi, maSin serTifi- moqmedebs agreTve Sesyidvebis ganyofileba, samzareu-
katis moqmedeba SeiZleba SeCerdes aRmoCenil darRveva- lo da sabanketo samsaxuri. nebismieri sastumros
Ta aRmofxvramde. srulfasovani muSaobisaTvis agreTve mniSvnelovania
sastumro servisis xarisxis operatiuli Sefasebi- sameurneo, sainJinro, usafrTxoebisa da sxva samsaxu-
saTvis sastumros administracia nomrebSi Cveulebisa- rebi. rogor unda Sefasdes amaTuim sastumros muSao-
mebr toveben specialur anketa-kiTxvars, romelic bis efeqtianoba? amisaTvis SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli
Txovs mobrZanebul stumrebs Seavson igi. amnairad iqnes Semdegi operatiuli maCveneblebi: 1. sastumros
vlindeba momsaxurebis xarisxis mimarT wayenebuli nomerTa ~Sevsebis koeficienti”, romelic miiReba daka-
pretenziebi. sastumros srulfasovani muSaoba uzrun- vebul nomerTa raodenobis SefardebiT sastumroSi ar-
velyofs mTel rig samsaxurTa funqcionirebas. ro- sebul nomerTa saerTo raodenobasTan; 2. sastumros
gorc aRniSnavs servisuli saqmianobis sferoSi moRva- faqtiuri Sevsebis koeficienti ganisazRvreba Semdegna-
we specialisti g. a. avanesova ~Tanamedrove sastumroe- irad: stumrebis faqtobrivi raodenobidan gamoakldeba
bisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia stumrebze momsaxurebis ori im nomrebis raodenoba, romelTac isini ikaveben da mi-
ganyofilebis arseboba. esenia: 1. ganTavsebis samsaxuri; Rebul Sedegebs yofen nomrebis im raodenobasTan, ro-
2. kvebis samsaxuri. sxva samsaxurebi atareben damxmare melSic cxovroben ori da meti adamiani; 3. sastumro
xasiaTs”. adgilTa dakavebis koeficienti SeiZleba ganisazRvros
miRebisa da ganTavsebis samsaxurTa menejerebi stu- Tavisufali adgilebis raodenobaze dakavebul adgil-
mars xvdebian sastumros SesasvlelSi da acileben mas, Ta raodenobis gayofis gziT. moqalaqeTa kategoriebis
roca is miemgzavreba sastumrodan. ganTavsebis dros mixedviT datvirTvis koeficienti SeiZleba gamoiTva-
125 126
los Sesabamisi kategoriis (moqalaqeobis) mqone stu- saerTaSoriso turistuli industriis
marTa ricxvis gayofiT gacemuli nomrebis raodenoba- ganviTarebis problemebi
ze.
sastumroTa klasifikaciis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi udides
Semadgeneli nawilia turistebis ganTavsebis saSuale- rols asrulebs turistuli industria. Sesabamisad
bebis statistikuri analizi. ganTavsebis koleqtiuri uaRresad didi mniSvneloba aqvs imas, Tu turistul
saSualebebi gulisxmobs turistebis droebiTi sacxov- industrias ganvixilavT jer saerTaSoriso doneze da
rebliT momsaxurebas. turistebis ganTavsebis saSuale- mxolod amis Semdeg SeviswavliT, Tu rogori mdgoma-
bebis standartuli klasifikaciis Tanaxmad, romelic reobaa am mxriv saqarTveloSi. saerTaSoriso turistu-
SemuSavebulia turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier, li industria _ msoflio bazarze moqmedi kompaniebis
ganTavsebis saSualebaTa kompleqsi moicavs or jgufs: urTierTdamokidebuli sistemaa, romelic uzrunvel-
koleqtiur da individualur obieqtebs. pirveli jgu- yofs turistebs yvela aucilebeli turistuli saqon-
fi Tavis mxriv iyofa sastumros tipis ganTavsebis sa- liTa da momsaxurebiT. msoflioSi masobrivi turizmis
Sualebebad, specializirebul da sxva obieqtebad, ro- mkveTrad ganviTarebam gamoiwvia turistuli industri-
melTagan TiToeuls aqvs Tavisi specifika. meore is, turizmis momijnave dargebis, mecnierebis, kultu-
jgufs miekuTvneba sakuTriv damqiravebeli da moaren- risa da ganaTlebis sistemis ganviTareba.
de turistebisaTvis gamiznuli sacxovrebeli saxlebi amdenad, msoflio turistuli industria warmoad-
(binebi, vilebi, koteji da a.S.). gens ganTavsebisa da satransporto saSualebebis, sa-
turizmis damxmare angariSTa farglebSi gaeros zogadoebrivi kvebis, garTobis, sportuli, samkurna-
statistikur komisiasTan da evrostatTan erTad, dad- lo, religiuri, SemecnebiTi, saqmiani da sxva daniSnu-
genilia turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebebiT momsaxu- lebis tur-operatoruli da tur-agentuli saqmianobiT
rebis CamonaTvali. ZiriTadi produqtebis saerTaSori- dakavebuli, turistuli, saeqskursio da gid-Tarjimne-
so klasifikaciiT gamoiyofa kodirebuli Semdegi rva bis momwodebeli organizaciebis erTobliobas.1 turis-
jgufi: 1. sastumroebisa da motelebis mier gaweuli tuli industria mTlianad emsaxureba Semosul turis-
droebiTi sacxovrebliT momsaxureba; 2. gamajansaRebe- tebs da nawilobriv _ qveynidan gasul sakuTar moqa-
li centrebiTa da dasasvenebeli saxlebiT momsaxure- laqeebs.
ba; 3. arendiT aRebuli, avejiT gawyobili sacxovreb- ganviTarebis amJamindel etapze, turistuli cen-
liT momsaxureba; 4. axalgazrdebze saerTo sacxovreb- tris teritoriis an qveynis saxelmwifoebrivi mowyobi-
liT momsaxureba; 5. sabavSvo sportuli da turistuli sagan damoukideblad, turizmis sferoSi moqmedebs sa-
banakebiT momsaxureba; 6. kempingebiTa da sadgomebiT warmoTa ramdenime, gansxvavebuli saxe. isini axorcie-
momsaxureba; 7. saZinebeli vagonebiT momsaxureba; 8. leben turistul saqmianobas (anu arian turizmis or-
studentTa saerTo sacxovrebliT momsaxureba. ganizatorebi). magaliTad, aseTebia: turoperatorebi,
1birJakovi
m. turizmis Teoria. gam. ìnovacia”, Tb., 2004,gv:81.
127 128
turistuli saagentoebi, gadamyvanebi, ganTavsebis, kve- dros, tur-operatori pasuxismgebelia momxmareblisaT-
bis, atraqciebis, garTobisa da sxva maTTan momijnave vis turistuli produqtis praqtikul SeTavazebaze da
momsaxurebis saSualebebi. maT SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT axorcielebs mis operatiul kontrols. kompaniis ga-
sabanko sferos sawarmoebi, sadazRvevo momsaxureba, marTuli funqcionirebisaTvis saWiroa tur-operatori
sainformacio saSualebebi da sxva. turizmis specia- aramarto daregistrirdes iuridiuli piris statusis
luri saxeobebisaTvis momsaxurebis miwodeba SeuZliaT mqone mewarmed, aramed Sesabamisi saqmianobis ganxorci-
samkurnalo, ganaTlebis, sportul da sxva dawesebule- elebisTvis unda gaaCndes licenziac.
bebs, romlebic awarmoeben adekvatur, konkretul tu- turistuli saagento warmoadgens sawarmos an fizi-
ristul produqts. aucilebelia, rom yvela es organi- kur pirs, romelic sTavazobs momxmarebels erTeulo-
zacia harmoniulad avsebdes erTmaneTs da axorcieleb- van turistul momsaxurebas an turebis sacalo reali-
des momxmareblisaTvis saWiro yvela momsaxurebas ra- zacias. mas, rogorc realizators, tur-operatorTan
odenobrivi, xarisxobrivi da asortimentuli maCveneb- an biTumad movaWre turistul saagentosTan akavSirebs
lebis mixedviT. xelSekruleba, romlis safuZvelzec SeiZleba safinan-
turizmis organizatorebi. turizmis organizatore- so sferoSi erTmaneTTan angariSsworebisa da sxva ur-
bad iTvlebian turizmis sferoSi moqmedi sawarmos TierTqmedebaTa formebis SemuSaveba. im SemTxvevaSi
ori jgufi: turoperatorebi da turistuli saagentoe- Tu, agentirebis xelSekrulebis mixedviT, misi funqcie-
bi, romlebic arsebiTad TviTon ar axorcieleben tu- bi ganisazRvreba Suamavlis funqciiT,AmaSin agenti
ristul momsaxurebas, magram asruleben saSuamavlo tur-produqtze atarebs SezRudul pasuxismgeblobas.
funqciebs momxmarebelsa da momsaxurebis uSualo gadazidvebi. gadayvanis sistema ganisazRvreba teqni-
mwarmoeblebs Soris. Tavis mxriv, maTi saqmianoba mom- kuri progresis doniT, garda turistebis qveiTi gada-
saxurebaa. turoperatori _ es aris iuridiuli an fi- adgilebisa. misi formireba mimdinareobs stabilurad
zikuri piri, romelic asrulebs turistuli produq- moxmarebis safuZvelze. gadazidvebis saxeebs ganekuT-
tis formirebas, bazarze mis dawinaurebasa da reali- vneba: 1. gadaadgilebis teqnikuri (saxmeleTo, wylis,
zacias. turis formirebaSi igulisxmeba dasvenebis va- sahaero satransporto) saSualebebi: 2. transferi (xSi-
debTan, turistul miznebTan, fasebsa da xarisxTan da- rad avtobusis an msubuqi avtomobilebis saSualebiT);
kavSirebiT SeTanxmebul xelSekrulebaTa Sedgena da 3. turistebis gadayvana Sors manZilze; 4. turistebis
wardgena Sesabamisi dajavSniT. gadayvana avtobusebis meSveobiT iseTi marSrutiT, sa-
turistuli saagento axorcielebs uSualod momxma- dac gadayvanis etapi gvevlineba turis elementad. tu-
rebelze turebis sacalo realizacias. zogjer turo- ris kidev erT elements warmoadgens Ramis gasaTevi
peratori Tavis daqvemdebarebaSi ayalibebs gansakuTre- adgili; 5. turistebis gadayvana saeqskursio marSrut-
bul struqturul qvedanayofs _ centraluri turebis ze; 6. satvirTo gadamzidebi Soping_turisaTvis.
sacalo gasaRebis turistul saagentos, romelic daka- sastumro industria. ganTavseba warmoadgens tu-
vebulia aramarto turistebis momsaxurebiT, aramed rizmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan elements. qveyanas an re-
mTeli saagentos saqmianobis koordinaciiT. amave gions Tu ara aqvs ganTavsebis adgili, maSin iq ver
129 130
ganviTardeba turizmi. es nebimismieri turistuli re- sxva dawesebulebebisagan, romlebic akmayofileben tu-
gionis an centris aucilebel da mkacr moTxovnas war- ristuli centris Tu regionis vizitorTa moTxovnebs.
moadgens. isini dainteresebuli arian TavianTi turis- kvebis saxeoba yovelTvis miTiTebulia turistuli mom-
tuli resursebis eqsploataciidan da turistuli naka- saxurebis paketSi. sasauzme, naxevrad pansioni, sruli
debidan miiRon rac SeiZleba meti da myari Semosavle- pansioni. saerTod miRebulia, rom turistma diliT
bi. ganTavsebis saSualebebs warmoadgens sxvadasxva ti- usaTuod unda miiRos msubuqi kveba an sauzme, amitom
pis Senobebi (dawyebuli bungaloebidan da qoxidan, sastumroebis umravlesobas gaaCniaT punqtebi an res-
damTavrebuli supergigantur otelebamde), romlebic tornebi, sadac stumrebis uzrunvelyofa xdeba Sesaba-
mowyobilni arian specialurad, droebiTi stumrebis misi momsaxurebiT. sauzme iTvleba am sistemis imdenad
misaRebad. isini servisis gansxvavebuli doniT xasiaT- mniSvnelovan nawilad, rom xSirad misi safasuri Se-
debian. dis ganTavsebis RirebulebaSi. sastumros restoranSi
sastumros sferoSi sawolebis raodenoba yvelaze sakmaod arsebiTi mniSvneloba aqvs dasajdomi adgile-
mniSvnelovani maCvenebelia, romlis mixedviTac xdeba bis raodenobas. ukeTesia, Tu igi Seesabameba sastum-
turistuli centris an regionis turistebis miRebis ros nomerTa fondis mTliani datvirTvis adgilTa ra-
potencialis Sefaseba. xelmZRvanelobisaTvis TavianTi odenobas.
aqtiurobis damtkicebis mizniT adgilobrivi adminis- sakvebi warmoadgens adamianTa ara mxolod Cveuleb-
traciis muSakebi dakavebulni arian turistebis TiT- riv moTxovnilebas, aramed igi ganixileba rogorc tu-
qosda didi raodenobis demonstrirebiT, magram sas- ristebis mier garTobisa da siamovnebis miRebis saSua-
tumroebis adgilebis raodenoba bevrad ufro zustad leba. adgilobriv samzareulos gansakuTrebuli xibli
asaxavs mocemul turistul centrSi sastumroTa mier da mimzidveli Taviseburebebi gaaCnia. garda amisa,
turistebis miRebis realur mdgomareobas. nomerTa ra- stumris gemrieli sakvebiT gamaspinZleba TiTqmis yve-
odenobis dacvis mizniT gamarTuli brZola gansazR- la xalxisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli tradiciaa. gurmanebi-
vravs adgilobrivi administraciisa da turizmis orga- saTvis specialuri turebic ewyoba, romelsac safuZ-
nizatorTa saqmianobis efeqtianobas. vlad udevs erovnuli samzareulos mqone sxvadasxva
stumarTmaspinZlobis industria Tanamedrove etapze restornebis wveva, produqtebis degustacia da a. S.
warmoadgens regionis turistuli meurneobis mZlavr kvebis organizacia unda iTvaliswinebdes samedici-
sistemas, turizmis ekonomikis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel no aspeqtebsac, mag., turistebis 60% egviptesa da indo-
nawils. stumarTmaspinZlobis industrias Seadgens ko- eTSi stumrobisas imyofebian diabetiT daavadebis ris-
leqtiuri da individualuri ganTavsebis sxvadasxva sa- kis qveS. gansakuTrebiT saSiSia sasmeli wylisa da sak-
Sualebebi: sastumroebi, saerTo sacxovreblebi, apar- vebis miReba quCaSi an dabali donis restornebSi. aseve
tamentebi, turistuli banakebi da agreTve turistebis gasaTvaliswinebelia turistebis calkeuli jgufebi-
ganTavsebiT dakavebuli kerZo seqtori. saTvis damaxasiaTebeli SezRudvebi kvebis aspeqtSi re-
sazogadoebrivi kvebis sistema Sedgeba restornebis, ligiuri da sxva mizezebis gamo. turis SeZenisas unda
kafe-barebis, sasadiloebis, swrafi kvebis obieqtebis mieTiTos kvebasTan dakavSirebuli specifika.
131 132
garToba da atraqciis sistema. kvebisa da ganTavse- tuli garemo, misgan siamovnebis miReba mniSvnelovnad
bis sakiTxebis mogvarebis Semdeg turisti miznad isa- aris damokidebuli turistebis mier Tavisufali droi-
xavs bunebriv garTobas. garTobis rogorc aqtiuri, ise sa da rekreaciuli resursebis gamoyenebisadmi racio-
pasiuri forma warmoadgens turizmis aucilebel ele- nalur midgomaze, magram mxolod racionaluri midgo-
ments. igi damokidebulia mogzaurobis mimarTulebasa ma araa sakmarisi turistuli siamovnebis misaRebad,
da saxeebze, garTobis gonivrul saxeobaTa CamonaTva- potenciuri turisti damatebiT iTxovs komfortsac.
li damokidebulia turistis erovnebaze, mis tradici- sabanko da safinanso momsaxureba. bunebrivia, rom
ebsa da cxovrebis wesze, magram arsebobs garTobis yvela turistis survilia mogzaurobisa da dasvenebis
iseTi zogadi formebic, romlebsac advilad aRiqvams dros miiRos maqsimaluri momsaxureba, SeiZinos nivTe-
turistebis nebismieri jgufi. garToba ufro xSirad bi Tavisi survilisamebr, yoveldRiur, Cveulebriv
emyareba eqskursiebis mowyobas _ muzeumebis, istoriu- cxovrebasTan SedarebiT, sayidlebsa da garTobaze da-
li Zeglebis daTvalierebas, bunebis movlenebze an Ra- xarjos bevrad ufro meti fuli. aSkaraa, rom samogza-
miT landSaftebze dakvirvebas da sxva SemecnebiT-ga- urod wasul adamians yovelTvis Tan aqvs fulis gar-
sarTob RonisZiebebs, mag., maRaziebis an saTamaSo sax- kveuli raodenoba, es ki ubiZgebs qurdebs TavianTi
lebis daTvalierebas. kurortebis da maRali donis ~profesiuli” saqmianobisaken, romelic uZvelesi droi-
sastumroebSi xdeba animatorTa jgufebis daqiraveba, dan iyo gavrcelebuli. turizmis CamoyalibebasTan er-
romlebic dakavebulni arian turistebis garTobiT, Tad warmoiSva fulis usafrTxoebis problemac.
garTobis sistemaSi gansakuTrebiT didi roli akisria Tomas kuki sakmaod maRalprofesiul doneze awar-
Tematur parkebs. moebda turizmis organizebas da swavlobda turistu-
turizmis infrastruqtura. turizmis infrastruq- li saqmianobis yvela aspeqts. swored man moigona spe-
turaSi moiazreba SenobaTa kompleqsi, sainJinro da sa- cialurad mogzaurobisaTvis usafrTxo fuli _ sag-
komunikacio qselebi, maT Soris, telekomunikaciuri zao Ceki. man msoflio masStabiT bankebTan Camoayaliba
kavSirebi: gzebi, turistuli indust-riis momijnave sa- kantorebi, sadac SesaZlebeli iyo Cekebis gadacvla
warmoebi, romlebic uzrunvelyofen turistul resur- adgilobriv valutaze garkveul drois Semdeg es ini-
sebamde turistebis normalur miRwevas, am resursebis ciativa gadaiRo amerikulma firma ,,American Express”-
turistuli miznebisaTvis gamoyenebas, aseve turizmis ma. turistuli industriis es giganti aseve dawinaur-
industriis sawarmoTa sicocxlisunarianobis uzrun- da dazRvevisa da turistebisaTvis finansuri momsaxu-
velyofas. es aris saavtomobilo da sarkinigzo gzebi, rebis saqmeSi.
sadgurebi, terminalebi, sagzao, sahaero, samdinareo da mogvianebiT moxda plastikuri sakredito baraTebis
sazRvao moZraobis maregulirebeli sistemebi, Tbomav- SemoReba, Seiqmna msoflio gadaxdis sistema visa, amex,
lebi, eleqtro- da satelefono qselebi da sxva. tu- dinner club da sxva. aseTi sagadamxdelo saSualebebis
rizmis infrastruqturis ganviTareba turistuli re- gamoyenebam mniSvnelovnad gaaadvila turistebis mog-
sursebis gamoyenebis procesis dagegmarebis mniSvnelo- zauroba. aRar arsebobs naRdi fulis tarebis auci-
vani etapia. rogori mimzidvelic ar unda iyos turis-
133 134
lebloba, gansakuTrebiT axla, roca baraTiT unaRdo kontinentebis bevr qveyanaSi. turistuli industria,
angariSsworeba nebismier qveyanaSi aris SesaZlebeli. aramarto soliduri materialur-teqnikuri bazis
sainformacio momsaxureba. sainformacio momsaxure- mflobelia, aramed igi uzrunvelyofs samuSao adgile-
ba esaWiroeba, rogorc sakuTriv turists, aseve turiz- biT mosaxleobis mniSvnelovan nawils da zemoqmedebs
mis organizatorebs. emzadeba ra mogzaurobisaTvis, ekonomikuri kompleqsis TiTqmis yvela dargze. turis-
turists esaWiroeba damatebiTi informacia wvevis ad- tuli industria SeiZleba ganvsazRvroT, rogorc sxva-
gilze adgilobrivi qveynis adaT-wesebis, RirsSesaniS- dasxva seqtorebisagan Sedgenili dargTaSorisi kom-
naobaTa dawvrilebiT aRweris, mimdebare teritoriis pleqsi. sxva sityvebiT rom vTqvaT, turistuli indus-
rukebis, satransporto magistralebis sqemebis da sxva- tria Sedgeba ZiriTadi, damatebiTi da e. w. sagareubno
Ta Sesaxeb. pirveli megzuri gamoica jer kidev 200 seqtorebisagan. turistuli industriis seqtorebis
wlis win. didi mniSvneloba eniWeba informaciis Tana- struqturuli Semadgenloba gviCvenebs, rom turizmis
medrove eleqtronul saSualebebs, kerZod, ki inter- ekonomikuri efeqti damokidebulia mis mravalmxriv
nets. aq arsebobs milionobiT saiti, romelic momxma- ganviTarebaze da qveynis socialur-ekonomikuri kom-
rebels sTavazobs informacias turistuli centrebis, pleqsis sxva dargebTan mWidro kavSirze.
momsaxurebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobaTa Sesaxeb. aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom turistuli indus-
internetis meSveobiT SesaZlebelia virtualuri triis masStaburi struqturebis formirebis tendencia
mogzauroba da eleqtronuli samuzeumo eqsponatebis did gavlenas axdens msoflio turizmze, erTi mxriv,
daTvaliereba. internetis saSualebiT Se--saZlebelia turistul bazarze moTxovnis cvlilebiT, meore mxriv,
aramarto mogzaurobis an turistuli saagentos SerCe- teqnikuri progresis daCqarebiT, romelic moicavs sa-
va, aramed turistuli mogzaurobis bileTebis dajav- zogadiebrivi cxovre-bis sul ufro did sivrces da
Sna da momsaxurebis safasuris gadaxdis ganxorciele- mniSvnelovanwilad uzrunvelyofs tur-produqtebze
bac ki. turistul saagentoebSi gamoiyeneba sxvadasxva moTxovnis aqtivizacias. msoflio turistuli indus-
saxis katalogebi, sadac mocemulia yvela saxis sat- triis struqturebis efeqtianoba SeiZleba ganisazR-
ransporto saSualebaTa moZraobis ganrigi da marSru- vros dasaqmebulTa xvedriTi wiliT. saerTaSoriso tu-
tebi. aseTi ganrigi arsebobs diskebze eleqtronuli rizmis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa yvelaze didi wili mo-
versiis saxiT, aseve msoflio globalur sainformacio dis ganTavsebis saSualebebsa da restornebze. did
sistemebsa da turistuli momsaxurebis dajavSnis av- britaneTSi mTlianad turistuli industriis yvela
tomatizirebul sistemebSi. am mxriv mniSvnelovan seqtorSi dasaqmebulia mosaxleobis 60%, germaniaSi
rols asrulebs turistuli gamofenebic. msoflioSi _55%. es maCvenebeli maRalia agreTve sxva qveynebisTvi-
yoveldRiurad ewyoba 4-5 aseTi gamofena, rac miuTi- sac. amdenad sadao araa is, rom msoflio turistuli
Tebs mis mniSvnelobaze. industria biznesis erT-erTi mZlavri segmentia. Sesa-
Tanamedrove etapze turistuli industria damkvid-
rda aramarto tradiciul turistul centrSi _ evro-
paSi, aramed avstraliaSi, afrikaSi, amerikis da aziis
135 136
bamisad, kolosaluria msoflio ekonomikaze misi ze- evropaSi. ruseTSi is SedarebiT mogvianebiT aRmocenda.
moqmedebis masStabebic.1 axla ucxoeTSi gamgzavreba sadazRvevo polisis gare-
msoflio turistuli industriis yvela seqtori ga- Se praqtikulad SeuZlebelia. turistebi, rogorc wesi,
nicdis axali sainformacio teqnologiisa da efeqturi dawvrilebiT ecnobian ucxoeTSi TavianTi yofnis piro-
komunikaciebis gavlenas, romlebic uzrunvelyofen sa- bebs, rac maT exmareba imis gadaWraSi, Tu sad unda
erTaSoriso turistuli bazris swraf ganviTarebas. icxovron dasvenebis dros, rogor moxdeba kvebis or-
saerTaSoriso turizmis warmatebaSi did mniSvnelobas ganizeba da a. S. magram samwuxarod Zalze iSviaTad
iZens globaluri kompiuteruli qselebi, izrdeba mar- svamen aseT kiTxvas: romelma kompaniam unda misces maT
ketingis efeqturoba, turistebis msoflio mogzauroba sadazRvevo polisi? vin moemsaxureba maT sadazRvevo
xdeba ufro liberaluri, farTovdeba tur-operatorTa SemTxvevis warmoqmnisas?
saerTaSoriso qseli, rac uzrunvelyofs regionebs So- am kiTxvebze pasuxis gacemiT droulad miRebulma
ris swraf Setyobinebas. es ki turistul marSrutebs informaciam SeiZleba mniSvnelovnad gaaadvilos tu-
xdis mravalferovans da xelmisawvdoms. ristebis cxovreba. amitom turistulma firmam, turis-
turistuli industriis ganviTarebaSi agreTve mniS- tze dokumentTa paketis gadacemisas, yuradReba unda
vnelovan rols TamaSobs bunebrivi garemos pirobebi. gaamaxvilos imaze, Tu romeli sadazRvevo kompaniis mi-
dRiTidRe izrdeba erovnuli parkebisa da sastumroe- er ra sqemiT aris igi dazRveuli. Tanamedrove etapze
bis mimdebare teritoriebis gamwvanebis aucilebloba. gamoiyeneba turistebis dazRvevis ori ZiriTadi sqema
axali turistuli kompleqsis aSenebis win guldasmiT _ kompensaciuri da servisuli (anu daxmarebis sqema).
unda moxdes misi zegavlenis Seswavla qveynis ekonomi- kompensaciuri sqemis mixedviT sadazRvevo SemTxvevis
kasa da bunebriv garemoze. warmoqmnis dros turisti Tavad ixdis gaweuli momsa-
xurebis safasurs, xolo samSobloSi dabrunebis Sem-
deg ki igi agrovebs sadazRvevo kompaniisaTvis saWiro
sadazRvevo sistemis roli msoflio turizmis yvela aucilebel dokuments (sadazRvevo aqts, angariS-
ganviTarebaSi sworebis qviTrebs, Cekebs da a. S.). warmodgenili doku-
mentebiT Tu mtkicdeba sadazRvevo SemTxveva da igi Se-
saerTaSoriso turizmSi sxva erebis kulturisadmi esabameba mocemuli saxeobis dazRvevis pirobebs, maSin
turistebis mzardi interesi, reklamis siuxve da in- sadazRvevo kompania iRebs gadawyvetilebas sadazRvevo
formaciis xelmisawvdomoba iZleva qveynebs Soris ur- SemTxvevis anazRaurebis Sesaxeb, magram am sqemas gaaC-
TierTobaTa gaRrmavebis saSualebas. saerTaSoriso tu- nia ori mniSvnelovani xarvezi: 1. turists yovelTvis
rizmis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebs sa- unda gaaCndes damatebiTi savaluto rezervi; da 2. mog-
dazRvevo sistema. mogzaurTa dazRveva pirvelad moxda zaurs ara aqvs myari garantia, rom samSobloSi dabru-
nebis Semdeg is miiRebs sadazRvevo anazRaurebas. ami-
tom am sqemis mixedviT dazRveva bolo dros iSviaTad
1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru/. Международный туризм и туристические xdeba.
услуги с 20-х гг.
137 138
turists, servisuli sqemis mixedviT, momsaxurebis bis gaweva tvirTis dakargvisas; 10. informaciis gada-
dazRvevas uwevs aranakleb ori sadazRvevo kompania: cema.
samamulo damzRvevi da misi ucxoeli partniori_erTi damxmare kompanias, sadazRvevo polisSi warmodge-
an ramdenime servisuli kompania. ganvixiloT servisu- nili pirobebis Sesabamisad, ar evaleba dazRveuli pi-
li sqemis mixedviT dazRvevis yvelaze yfro gavrcele- ris momsaxurebasTan dakavSirebuli im danaxarjebis
buli formis Taviseburebani. sadazRvevo polisSi SeiZ- dafarva, romelic ar iyo SeTanxmebuli mzRvevelTan
leba inaxos iseTi CanarTi, rom sadazRvevo SemTxvevis an servis-centrTan. sadazRvevo premia warmoadgens
warmoqmnis dros misi mflobeli unda daukavSirdes dazRvevisaTvis saWiro Tanxas, romelic unda gadauxa-
specialur samsaxurs _ zemoT aRniSnuli asistent-kom- dos dazRveulma (am SemTxvevaSi turistma) mzRvevels
paniis sadispetCero centrs. aseTi kompaniebis funqcio- (sadazRvevo kompanias). sa-dazRvevo premiis odenoba
nirebis mTavari amocanaa dauyovnebeli reagireba gan- damokidebulia mTel rig faqtorebze (dazRvevis mocu-
sakuTrebul SemTxvevebSi, turistebisaTvis gadaudebe- lobaze, asakze, mgzavrobis vadaze da a.S). Cveulebrivi
li samedicino, teqnikuri, iuridiuli, administraciu- turistuli dazRveva turis Rirebulebas aZvirebs mxo-
li da sxva saxis daxmarebis gaweva. sadazRvevo Sem- lod ramdenime aTeuli dolariT.
Txvevis warmoqmnis dros eqstremaluri daxmarebisa da dazRvevis moculoba warmoadgens im fulad masas,
momsaxurebis misaRebad, sadazRvevo polisis zemoTaR- romlis farglebSic dgindeba sadazRvevo anazRaure-
niSnuli pirobebis Sesabamisad, dazRveulma pirma, po- bis zomebi da romlis farglebSic sadazRvevo Sem-
lisze miTiTebuli telefonis meSveobiT, dauyovnebliv Txvevis warmoqmnis dros damzRvevi valdebulia daa-
unda mimarTos servis-centrs informaciis misawodeb- kompensiros dazRveulis danaxarjebi. sadazRvevo Tan-
lad sakuTari Tavis (misi adgilmdebareobis, warmoq- xis odenoba dgindeba dazRveulis arCevanis mixedviT
mnili problemebisa da gadaudebeli daxmarebis saxeo- da Seadgens ramdenime aTeuli dolaridan ramdenime
baTa) Sesaxeb. am SemTxvevaSi servis-centrma organizeba aTas dolaramde. sadazRvevo xelSekrulebis vada iwu-
unda gauwios dazRveul pirze daxmarebis gawevas. reba dazRveuli piris ucxoeTSi yofnis periodis das-
servis-centrs SeiZleba gaaCndes momsaxurebis ram- rulebisTanave. sadazRvevo xelSekrulebis dawyebisa
denime programa. rogorc wesi, servis-centrebi ewevian da dasrulebis TariRi miTiTebulia sadazRvevo po-
Semdegi saxis momsaxurebas: 1. samedicino evakuaciisas lisSi.
gaweuli momsaxureba; 2. servisis organizeba samedici- calke aRniSvnas saWiroebs is SemTxveva, rodesac
no repatriaciis dros; 3. swrafi repatriaciis ganxor- turistuli firma, sadazRvevo polisis SeZenis mizniT,
cieleba; 4. klientis ganTavsebis organizeba; 5. aras- Tavisi klientisagan iRebs Sesabamis Tanxas, xolo sa-
rulwlovan bavSvTa gacileba; 6. gadaudebeli stoma- dazRvevo kompaniasTan ki mas molaparakeba ara aqvs. Se-
tologiuri daxmarebis anazRaureba (400 amerikuli do- sabamisad, turists sadazR-vevo SemTxvevis warmoqmnisa
laris farglebSi im qveynis miuxedavad, sadac imyofe- da sadazRvevo kompaniis winaSe am faqtis damtkicebis
ba turisti); 7. iuridiuli informaciis miwodeba; 8. SemTxvevaSic ki sadazRvevo momsaxureba ar gaeweva.
Tarjimnebis Sesaxeb informaciis miwodeba; 9. daxmare- ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebis an ucxoeTidan Semosvlis dros
139 140
sadazRvevo momsaxureba turists SeiZleba gaewios sa- sahaero transportiT turistebis momsaxurebis
banko plastikuri baraTis flobis dros. magaliTad, upiratesobani
“American Express”-is baraTi damatebiT uwevs momsaxu-
rebas dazRveuls ubeduri SemTxvevis dros globalu- drois mokle intervalSi didi manZilis swrafad
ri mxardaWeris gziT, sadReRamiso satelefono daxma- dafarvis unaris wyalobiT turistebSi didi popula-
rebiT samedicino da iuridiul sakiTxTan dakavSire- robiT sargeblobs sahaero transporti. saerTaSoriso
biT. ΏEurocard/Mastercard”-is plastikuri baraTis Se- aviagadazidva xorcieldeba msoflio da erovnuli avi-
Zenisas turists eZleva saerTaSoriso sadazRvevo po- akompaniebis mier. umsxvilesi aviakompaniebi axorcie-
lisi ucxoeTSi gamgzavrebisas ubeduri SemTxvevebisa- leben rogorc qveynis Sida, ise saerTaSoriso aviarei-
gan Tavdacvis mizniT. sebs. magaliTad, ganvixiloT mgzavrTa servisuli mom-
amrigad, turizmis sferoSi moqmedi Tanamedrove sa- saxurebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebebi. aviakompaniebis
dazRveo sistema momxmarebls sTavazobs dazRvevis mgzavrTa qcevis wesebis Tanaxmad, mgzavrebs gaaCniaT
aTeulze met saxeobas. ucxo qveyanaSi Casuli turisti Semdegi saxis uflebebi: 1. moiTxovon yvela saxis mom-
adgilobriv macxovrebelze metad ganicdis arasasia- saxurebis gaweva, romelic gadmocemulia sahaero gada-
movno riskis faqtoris gavlenas. am dros pirvel rig- zidvebis molaparakebis pirobebSi. es pirobebi mocemu-
Si xdeba turistis janmrTelobis, xolo Semdeg misi lia aviabileTis blankze; 2. im SemTxvevaSi Tu turis-
qonebis dazRveva. saSualo Cveulebrivi turistuli tebis sicocxles, janmrTelobas an pirad Rirsebas
dazRveva turists dReSi 1,5 amerikuli dolari ujde- safrTxe emuqreba, maSin maT unda mimarTon avia-kompa-
ba. amitom, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT msoflioSi turistTa niis muSakebs da moiTxovon maTgan dacva.1 mgzavrTa
erTmiliardian raodenobas, mogzaurobis saSualo xan- valdebulelebSi Sedis: 1. usityvod Seasrulon sahae-
grZlivobiT 5-7 dRe, SeiZleba Sefasdes turizmis sfero xomaldis ufrosis moTxovnebi da ekipaJis rekomen-
roSi dazRvevis saxsrebis moculoba. am sferoSi da- daciebi; 2. daicvan disciplina.
fuZnebulia eqstremaluri reagirebis specialuri sam- frenis dros mgzavrebs ekrZalebaT garkveuli qme-
saxurebi, sadac turists SeuZlia daasaxelos identi- debani. kerZod: 1. maT ar unda Seqmnan iseTi situaciebi,
fikaciis nomeri da miiRos Sesabamisi daxmareba, mkur- romelic safrTxes Seuqmnis frenasa da mgzavrTa si-
naloba da a. S. cocxles, janmrTelobas, avia-personalisa da sxva
turistebi dasvenebis mizniT qveynebisa da sastum- mgzavrTa pirad Rirsebas; 2. avia-mgzavrebma erTmaneT-
roebis SerCevis paralelurad udides mniSvnelobas Tan urTierTobaSi ar unda dauSvan nebismieri rogorc
aniWeben turistul obieqtamde misasvlel satranspor- sulieri, ise fizikuri gaRizianeba; 3. maT agreTve ar
to saSualebaTa organizebas, saTanado infrastruqtu- unda miiRon alkoholuri sasmelebi sahaero xomaldis
ris ganviTarebis dones, mgzavrobis komforts, opera- bortze; 4. maT ar unda mowion sigareti TviTmfrinavis
tiulobas da a. S. turistebis momsaxureba SeiZleba
ganxorcieldes sahaero, rkinigzis, saavtomobilo da 1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru./. система поощрения часто летающих
wylis transportiT. авиапассажиров.
141 142
bortze mTliani frenis ganmavlobaSi; 5. maT ar unda sazRvravs tvirTis wonis normas, romelic ufasod Se-
gamoiyenon avariul-damxmare danadgarebi, avia-persona- uZlia waiRos mgzavrma. aseTi normebi moicavs: 1. pir-
lis Sesabamisi miTiTebis gareSe; 6. avia-mgzavrebma ar vel klasSi _40 kg; 2. biznes-klasSi_30 kg; 3. ekonomi-
unda isargeblon kavSirgabmulobis eleqtronuli kur klasSi_ 20 kg. tvirTis gadatanis normebi SeiZle-
mowyobilobiT da saSualebebiT TviTmfrinavis mar- ba ramdenadme Seicvalos frenis mimarTulebis mixed-
Tvis, afrenisa da daSvebis dros; 7. maT ar unda Seq- viT. Tu frenis sigrZe didia, maSin normebi SeiZleba
mnan iseTi pirobebi, romelic arakomfortuli iqneba ramdenadme gaizardos. tvirTis adgilebis raodenobis
danarCeni mgzavrebisTvis da winaaRmdegobaSi mova eki- sistema gansazRvravs misi wonis normebs, romlis gada-
paJis muSaobasTan; 8. maT agreTve ar unda moaxdinon tanac nebadarTulia mgzavrisaTvis.
avia-kompaniis mier SemoTavazebuli qonebis TviTmfri- Cveulebisamebr aseTi sistema gamoiyeneba transat-
navis bortidan gatana. lantikur reisebSi. wonis daSvebul normaze gadaWar-
zemoT CamoTvlili moTxovnebis darRvevis SemTxve- bebuli tvirTis gadatanisaTvis aucilebelia miRebuli
vaSi, sahaero samarTlisa da moqmedi kanonmdeblobis iqnes aviakompaniis Tanxmoba. musikaluri instrumente-
normebis Sesabamisad, SeiZleba gatardes RonisZiebebi bis gadatanis da cxovelebis gadayvanisaTvis aucile-
frenisas momsaxurebis Sewyvetidan dawyebuli, calke- belia calke, damatebiT, axali bileTis SeZena. aviaga-
ul SemTxvevebSi sisxlis samarTlis saqmis aRZvriT dazidvebis saerTaSoriso praqtikaSi arsebobs sagnebis
damTavrebuli. specialuri wesebia SemuSavebuli avia-- CamonaTvali, romelic ganekuTvneba saSiSi kategoriis
reisebiT tvirTis gadazidvasTan dakavSirebiT. tvirTi nivTebs (feTqebadi, atomuri, narkotikuli da fsiqot-
im SemTxvevaSi iTvleba daregistrirebulad, rodesac ropuli saSualebebi). saWiroa am CamonaTvals winaswar
aviakompania Caibarebs mas gadasatanad. es tvirTi mar- gaecnos mgzavri, radgan maTi gadatana akrZalulia.
kirdeba specialuri markebiT. tvirTi gadaitaneba aeroportebSi gafrenis win gamoyofilia specialu-
TviTmfrinavis sabargulSi. mgzavrs ufleba aqvs TviT- ri dro registraciisaTvis. Tu mgzavri ar daregis-
mfrinavis salonSi daiWiros erTi adgili araregis- trirdeba droulad, maSin aviakompanias ufleba aqvs
trirebuli tvirTis ganTavsebis mizniT, Tu misi wona araregistrirebuli adgilebi gankargos Tavisi Sexedu-
ar aWarbebs xuT kilograms da mas gaaCnia Sesabamisi lebisamebr. qveynebis umravlesobaSi farTod gavrce-
zomebi. TviTmfrinavis bortze damatebiT SeiZleba ata- lebulia standartuli aviabileTi, romelic warmoad-
nili iqnes mTeli rigi sagnebi: qalis xelCanTa, yvavi- gens winaswar, mkacrad gansazRvruli marSrutis mixed-
lebis buketi, qurTuki, qolga, portatuli kompiuteri, viT, mgzavrTa gadayvanaze mgzavrsa da aviakompanias
foto- an video-kamera da a. S. Soris gaformebul oficialur kontraqts. bileTis
tvirTis ufasod gadatanis norma ganisazRvreba blanki mgzavrs aZlevs miTiTebuli marSrutis mixed-
TviTmfrinavis momsaxurebis klasiT da reisis mimarTu- viT or wertils Soris gadafrenis uflebas. igi war-
lebiT. Cveulebisamebr gamoiyeneba tvirTis gadatanis moadgens mgzavris mier frenis Rirebulebis gadaxdis
normis dadgenis ori sistema: 1. woniTi sistema da 2. mtkicebulebas. bileTi imas mowmobs, rom bileTis gam-
adgilebis raodenobis sistema. woni-Ti sistema gan- cem aviakompanias da mgzavrobis ganmaxorcielebel avi-
143 144
akompanias Soris miRweulia SeTanxmebas mgzavrTa ga- aSi weren gancxadebas, ris safuZvelzec mas aregistri-
dayvanis Taobaze SemoTavazebuli marSrutis Tanaxmad. reben da gamouyofen specialur plastikur baraTs. mo-
aviabileTi uCvenebs gafrenis dros, nomers da momsaxu- cemuli baraTi gaicema morigi bileTis SeZenis dros,
rebis klass. igi moicavs yvela saxis informacias pir- sadac aRiniSneba ZiriTadi da damatebiTi balebis rao-
dapiri reisebiT mgzavrTa swrafi, usafrTxo gadasxdo- denoba. sabazo ZiriTadi bali es aris erTi kilometri.
misa da tvirTis gadatanisTvis, miuxedavad imisa, es danarCeni balebi gamoiTvleba TviTmfrinavis klasisa
reisebi sruldeba erTi Tu ramdenime sxvadasxva saxeo- da frenis xangrZlivobis mixedviT. amnairad balebis
bis aviakompaniis mier. aviabileTi moicavs aucilebel (konkretulad ki 50 aTasi balis) dagrovebis SemTxveva-
informacias bileTis Secvlis an ukan dabrunebis Sesa- Si mgzavrma ufasod SeiZleba aiRos ekonomikuri kla-
xeb. sis bileTi. am tipis aviakompaniebi mgzavrebs sTavazo-
mgzavrTa gadayvanaze avia-kompaniebi aweseben sxva- ben vercxlisfer da oqrosfer baraTebs. aseTi baraTe-
dasxva saxis tarifs. Cveulebisamebr gamoiyeneba norma- bis misaRebad saWiroa balebis gansazRvruli raodeno-
luri (sruli) da specialuri (SeRavaTiani) tarifebi. bis dagroveba. am baraTebis mflobelebi iReben iseT
normalur tarifebs gaaCniaT mTeli rigi upiratesoba- damatebiT SeRavaTebs, rogoricaa: ufasod gadasatani
ni aviabileTis dajavSnis, anazRaurebis, gaformebisa tvirTis normis zrda, komfortuli mosacdeli darba-
da moqmedebis vadebis mixedviT. sruli tarifis dros ziT sargebloba, fasdakleba sastumroebSi, super-mar-
SeiZleba gadaxedili iqnes marSrutebis Secvlis SesaZ- ketSi, avtomobilebis gamqiravebel firmebSi da a.S.
leblobani, xolo bileTis dabruneba ki SeiZleba mox- aviakompaniebis umravlesobaSi iyeneben aviamgzav-
des jarimis gadaxdis gareSec. sezonuri vardnis peri- rTa momsaxurebis sam klass: pirveli, biznes-klasi da
odSi aviakompaniebs SeuZliaT SemoiRon SeRavaTiani, ekonomikuri klasi. rogorc wesi, ekonomikuri klasis
dabali tarifebi. SeRavaTi SeiZleba gavrceldes asa- bileTis mflobel mgzavrebs TviTmfrinavis salonSi
kovan (60 welze zeviT) mgzavrTa da axalgazrdebis (25 sTavazoben kvebas, ualkoholo sasmelebis, wvenebis,
wlamde) gadayvanis dros. arsebobs eqskluziuri tari- Rvinis an ludis CaTvliT. maT agreTve SeiZleba SesTa-
febic. SesaZlebelia gamoyenebuli iqnes specialuri vazon gazeTebi da ubaJod vaWrobis saqonelTa farTo
tarifebic skolis moswavleTa jgufisTvis, col-qmru- asortimenti. biznes-klasisa da pirveli klasis mgzav-
li wyvilisTvis. zogierTi mimarTulebiT SeiZleba Se- rebs sTavazoben servisis bevrad ufro maRal dones.
moRebuli iqnes ojaxuri tarifi, romelic iZleva fas- ase magaliTad, did manZilze frenisas pirveli klasis
daklebas bavSvebis gadayvanaze. mgzavrebi saCuqrad iReben sunamoebis ZviradRirebul
potenciur aviamgzavrTa gadayvanis Taviseburebani. nakrebs. garda amisa, aeroportebSi momsaxurebis bev-
xSirad mravali aviakompania nergavs potenciurad rad ufro maRali klasis mgzavrebs SeuZliaT isargeb-
mfrinav mgzavrTa gadayvanis sistemas. am mizniT avia- lon damatebiTi momsaxurebiTac, mag., dokumentebis qse-
kompaniebi iReben ~bonusis” sistemas. mgzavrTa momsaxu- ro-aslebis gadaReba, telefonze darekva, eleqtronu-
rebis aseT programaSi monawileobisaTvis, sabazo ta- li fostiT informaciis gagzavna da a. S., magram Tana-
rifis mixedviT, bileTis SemZeni mgzavrebi aviakompani- medrove aviakompaniebis momsaxureba ar Semoifargleba
145 146
mxolod TviTmfrinavis bortze da aeroportebSi gawe- bunebriv-turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebis daTvaliere-
uli momsaxurebiT. bevri aviakompania agrZelebs klien- bis mizniT, dagegmon da ganaxorcielon mravali saxis
tebze momsaxurebas sakurorto adgilebSi. SedarebiT sarkinigzo-turistuli marSruti, iseTnairad, rom am
ukeTes mdgomareobaSi aRmoCndnen is qveynebi, sadac miznis misaRwevad fizikurad ar daiRalon da xuTvar-
moxvedra SeiZleba saxmeleTo transportiT, vidre is skvlaviani ~moZravi” sastumros pirobebSi gaataron
qveynebi, sadac mosaxvedrad turistebs sWirdebaT saha- sarkinigzo marSrutisaTvis gamoyofili dro.
ero transporti. magram sarkinigzo qseli, pirvel rigSi, ganixileba,
rogorc dasvenebis adgilze turistebis miyvanis saSu-
aleba. am SemTxvevaSi turistuli matareblisagan gan-
sarkinigzo transportiT turistebis gadayvanis sxvavebiT, mgzavrobis organizeba xdeba rkinigzis
upiratesobani standartul vagonebSi. es aris oTxadgiliani kupire-
buli vagonebi, an or- da samadgiliani saZinebeli va-
saerTaSoriso turizmSi, saaviacio saSualebebiT gonebi, romlebic gadian sazRvrebs gareT. ucxoeTSi
mgzavrobis gverdiT, aranaklebi popularobiT sargeb- vagonebi iyofa Semdeg kategoriebad: sajdomiani, saZi-
lobs rkinigzis transporti. igi gamoiyeneba aramarto nebliani, savarZliani, vagon-restorani, safosto- da
sakurorto zonebSi turistebis transportirebis saSu- satvirTo vagonebi. rkinigzis transportiT sargeblo-
alebad, aramed bolo dros sarkinigzo transportiT bis erT-erT upiratesobas warmoadgens ojaxuri gare-
mogzauroba gadaiqca turizmis calke saxeobad.. Tana- mos pirobebSi mgzavrobis organizeba, romlis Sesaxeb
medrove msoflioSi farTo gavrceleba hpova sarkinig- informacia, rogorc wesi, ganTavsdeba sainformacio
zo turizmma, romelic warmoadgens sanaxaobrivi mog- stendebze sakurorto sastumroTa holebSi.
zaurobis organizebas im teritoriebze, sadac SesaZ- sarkinigzo transportze viTardeba servisuli mom-
lebelia sarkinigzo transportis gamoyeneba. bevr qve- saxureba. praqtikaSi inergeba momsaxurebis bevrad uf-
yanaSi turistebi gadian turistul sarkinigzo mar- ro axali, srulyofili formebi. mag, ojaxebisagan da-
Sruts. magaliTad, aseTia popularuli sarkinigzo mar- kompleqtebuli turistuli jgufebisaTvis gankuTvni-
Sruti espaneTSi, ~orient-eqspresi” _ marSrutiT mosko- li ~luqsis” tipis, oTxadgiliani izolirebuli saTav-
vidan pekinamde; ~aRmosavleTis eqspresi” londonsa da soebis mqone vagonebi, sadac ganTavsebulia savarZlebi.
stambuls Soris. maTi gadakeTeba SeiZleba 120 sm siganis mqone sawolad,
mraval qveyanaSi aqtiurad gamoiyeneba sarkinigzo-- zeda saZinebeli adgiliTa da ori ukiduresi ganlage-
turistuli marSrutebi. magaliTad, SveicariaSi popu- bis mqone magidiT. saZineblad da magidebad maTi gada-
larulia sarkinigzo mogzauroba, romlis meSveobiTac keTebis SesaZlebloba saSualebas aZlevs mgzavrs mo-
turists SeuZlia 291 xidisa da 91 gvirabis gavla-daT- xerxebulad miiRos sakvebi da daisvenos mTeli dRis
valiereba. ase, rom turistebs SeuZliaT, maTTvis sa- ganmavlobaSi, xolo RamiT ki amoatrialos savarZlia-
survel qveyanaSi an qveyanaTa jgufSi lamazi peizaJe- ni saZinebeli sawolis gasamarTavad. yovel ~luqsSi”
bis, xedebis, istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebisa da sxva dayenebulia ekrani monitoriT, mgzavrebs SeuZliaT
147 148
tansacmeli ganaTavson zeviT gamodgmul karadaSi. beli, romelic wina saxeobis matareblebTan SedarebiT
~luqsis” meore oTaxSi ganlagebulia individualuri ufro mets aCerebs;
tualeti, saSxape kabiniT. tualeti unda ekologiurad 5. ~standart-eqspresi” (Standart Express). es aris
sufTaa. misi gamoyeneba SesaZlebelia matareblis ro- standartuli siCqariT moZravi matarebeli, romelic
gorc moZraobis, ise uZrav mdgomareobaSi yofnis axdens mcire gaCerebebs.
dros. vagonSi xmauris done bevrad ufro dabalia, mag., fineTSi popularulia erT- da orsarTuliani,
vidre gareT, rac miiRweva vagonTa fanjrebSi xmaurSe- maRali klasis, Cqarosnuli, saqalaqTaSoriso (Inter
makavebeli masalebisagan damzadebuli minis gamoyene- City) matarebliT mgzavroba. aseT matarebelSi calk-
bis gziT. calke aris gamoyofili specialuri vagonebi mwevele-
evropis progresuli vagonTmSenebeli qarxnebis mi- bisa da aramwevelebisTvis, bavSviani da ZaRlebiani
er damzadebul vagonTa uaxles modelebSi SemoTavaze- mgzavrebisaTvis. am tipis matareblebSi aris pirveli
bulia servisis iseTi Tanamedrove formebi, sadac mom- da meore klasis vagonebi. am tipis matareblebSi klasi
saxureba warmoebs pirveli da meore klasis mixedviT. miTiTebulia cifriT vagonis SesasvlelSi. pirveli
mgzavrebs, yovelgvari damatebiTi anazRaurebis gareSe, klasi meoreze 30_50 %-iT ufro Zviria. fineTSi gamoi-
eZlevaT erTi boTli mineraluri wyali RamiT da sa- yeneba Cqarosnuli matarebeli, sadac mgzavrebs emsaxu-
uzmeze. agreTve maT ufasod eZlevaT koqteili da reba televizori, telefoni da audiosistema. am eq-
tkbileuli, romelic moaqvT specialuri samsaxuris spresma SeiZleba ganaviTaros 200-dan 300 km/sT-mde siC-
personals. qare.
ucxoeTSi yofnis dros mgzavrma SeiZleba isargeb- rkinigzis sadgurTa organizeba. ucxoeTis sarki-
los mgzavrobis ramdenime kategoriiT. esenia: nigzo xazebze gavrcelebulia momsaxurebis saabonen-
1. ~qalaqTaSorisi eqspresi” (Inter City Express) _ to forma, romelic mgzavrs uflebas aZlevs molapara-
es aris yvelaze swrafi matarebeli, romelic moZraobs kebuli vadis farglebSi da gansazRvrul teritoria-
evropis yvela msxvili qalaqis gavliT. igi akeTebs ze, misTvis sasurveli raodenobiT, isargeblos rkinig-
mcire raodenobis gaCerebebs da moZraobs 200 km/sT-ze zis transportiT. imisaTvis, rom mgzavrma isargeblos
ufro maRali siCqariT; momsaxurebis aseTi formiT, saWiroa man SeiZinos sam-
2. ~regionTaSorisi” (Inter Region), romlis far- gzavro bileTi, magaliTad evropis sarkinigzo bileTi,
glebSic matarebeli akavSirebs interkontinentaluri romelic mas uflebas aZlevs fasdaklebiT isargeblos
evropis yvelaze msxvil regionebs; evropis farglebSi sarkinigzo transportiT gadaadgi-
3. ~saqalaqTaSoriso” (Inter City)- esaa Cqarosnuli lebis dros. magaliTad, fineTSi sarkinigzo transpor-
matarebeli, romelic gadis yovel saaTSi; tis xSirad gamoyenebis SemTxvevaSi mgzavrs SeuZlia
4. ~regionuli eqspresi” (Regional Express)— es isargeblos gansakuTrebuli saxis samgzavro bileTiT,
aris regionis farglebSi moZravi Cqarosnuli matare- romelic mas uflebas aZlevs erTi Tvis ganmavlobaSi
ufasod imgzavros sami-, xuTi- da aTi dRiT. 3 dRiani
bileTi Rirs 143 evro (I klasis _ 214 evro), 5 dRiani _
149 150
191 evro (I klasis _ 286 evro), xolo 10-dRiani ki Rirs di da sxva faqtorebi. kaiutebis komfortabelurobis
259 evro (I klasis _ 387 evro). mixedviT, lainerebi SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxva katego-
turistebis matarebliT mgzavrobis erT-erT mniS- riis _ dawyebuli yvelaze ufro popularuliT (sadac
vnelovan punqts warmoadgens rkinigzis sadguri. imi- gems gaaCnia maRali klasis ramdenime oTaxi) damTavre-
saTvis rom ar daagvianos Tavis matarebelze, saWiroa buli ufanjro da uluminatoro Sida kaiutebiT. krui-
turistma Tvali adevnos sainformacio tablos, sadac zebis udides upiratesobas warmoadgens misi uvizoba.
ori sveti arsebobs: 1. matareblis Semosvlis dro; da erTaderTi viza, romelic unda miiRos mgzavrma, es
2. gamgzavrebis dro. rkinigzis yovel sadgurSi aris aris im qveynis viza, saidanac iwyeba mgzavroba. rome-
tvirTis Sesanaxi adgili, romelic muSaobs sadRe-Rami- lime portSi gaCerebisas turistebs napirze gadmos-
so reJimiT. aq winaswar gansazRvruli, fiqsirebuli vlis dros eZlevaT sakruizo mgzavris specialuri ba-
gadasaxadis gadaxdis Semdeg mgzavrs SeuZlia Seinaxos raTi, romelic gadaecema kapitans gemis bortze dabru-
tvirTi erTi dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi. yoveli SemTxve- nebis dros. turistebis gadayvanis gavrcelebul saSua-
visaTvis mgzavrs am dros SeiZleba mosTxovon ucxoe- lebas warmoadgens zRvis avtobusebi, katerebi, katama-
Tis pasporti. rkinigzis sadguris teritoriaze ganla- ranebi, iaxtebi da a. S.
gebuli unda iyos patara maRaziebi, valutis gadasac- zRvis avtobusebi farTod gamoiyeneba norvegiis
vleli jixurebi, turistuli biuro da a.S. fiordebSi. isini agreTve gvxvdebian fineTSic. mgzav-
rTa sazRvao gadayvanis es saSualebebi farTod gav-
rcelebulia TurqeTis kunZulovan teritoriazec, sa-
wylisa da avtotransportiT turistebis dac am saxis transportis gareSe turisti ubralod
gadayvanis SesaZleblobebi ver gadaadgildeba erTi adgilidan meoreze. swrafma-
vali katerebi da katamaranebi gamoiyeneba saSualo
aranakleb popularuli xdeba wylis meSveobiT distanciis (100 km) manZilze turistebis gadayvanis-
mgzavroba. transportis es saxeoba gansakuTrebiT mim- Tvis.1 zRvaze turistebis gaseirnebis erT-erT saukeTe-
zidveli gaxda sazRvao da samdinareo kruizebis popu- so saSualebas warmoadgens skuterebic. maTi gacema
larizaciis Semdeg. zRvis lainerma SeiZleba daitios xdeba rogorc ijariT, ise kerZo sakuTrebaSi miyidvis
ramdenime aTasi mgzavri, aseulobiT momsaxure da mmar- gziTac.
Tveli personali. sazRvao lainerebSi Seqmnilia mgzav- saerTaSoriso turistebis gadaadgilebis yvelaze
rTa dasvenebisaTvis saWiro yvela piroba: restorani, masobriv saSualebas warmoadgens avtotransporti. av-
kafe-bari, maRaziebi, kino-darbazi, auzi, CogburTis mo- tomobiliT gansakuTrebiT moxerxebulad mgzavroben
edani da a. S. mezobel qveynebSi: mag., saqarTvelodan TurqeTSi. erTi
sazRvao sakruizo lainerebSi kaiutis komfortabe- qveynidan meoreSi avtomobiliT mgzavrobis dros amow-
lurobis ZiriTad maCveneblebs warmoadgens kaiutaSi meben avtomobilis pasports da marTvis mowmobas. erT
oTaxebis raodenoba, gemze (mis wina mxares, SuaSi an
1Каталог «Водные дороги Европы». М: Чайка-тур,2003.
boloSi) kaiutebis ganlageba, fanjrebidan dasanaxi xe-
151 152
qveyanaSi gacemuli marTvis mowmoba ZalaSia meoreSic ba avtomobilis klasisa da saijaro vadis gaxangrZli-
da piriqiT. avtomobils unda gaaCndes satransporto vebis Sesabamisad.
dazRveva. igi mZRolma SeiZleba aiRos sazRvrispira turistma SeiZleba imgzavros avtobusiTac. dasve-
sabaJo-gamSveb punqtSic. sazRvargareT moqmedebs siCqa- nebis erT-erT popularul formad iqca avtobusis tu-
ris SezRudva, romelic miTiTebulia sagzao niSnebze. rizmi. sastumros msgavsad, turistul avtobusSi mom-
mag, fineTis dasaxlebul punqtebSi igi ar aRemateba 50 saxurebis serTifikacia fasdeba varskvlavebis gan-
km/sT siCqares, magistralze _ 120km/sT-s. sazRvruli odenobis Sesabamisad. yvelaze dabali ka-
zamTrobiT, uxvnaleqian qveynebSi savaldebuloa tegoriis turistul avtobuss gaaCnia erT- da ~orvar-
saburavebze mocurebis sawinaaRmdego jaWvebis dabma. skvlaviani” statusi. rogorc wesi, es Cveulebrivi sam-
sagzao moZraobis wesebis Tanaxmad, gansazRvrulia sa- gzavro avtobusia, savarZlebs Soris umniSvnelo in-
buravis proteqtorebis minimaluri siRrme. sagzao mu- tervaliT, rac ver uzrunvelyofs komfortis sasur-
Sakebi aramarto akvirdebian gzebze moZraobis wesebis vel dones. servisis misaRebi done iwyeba ~samvarskvla-
dacvas, aramed avtomobilis mdgomareobasac. mkacrad viani” avtobusidan. aseT turistul avtobusSi sajdo-
akrZalulia alkoholis zemoqmedebis qveS mgzavroba, mebis mwkrivebs gaaCniaT daaxloebiT 80 sm-iani interva-
romlis Semowmebac xdeba analizuri milakis daxmare- li. salonSi moTavsebul;ia mini-sakuWnao da tualeti.
biT. Tu mZRolis organizmSi SeimCna 0,4 promilis ode- ~oTxvarskvlaviani” kategoriis mqone turistul avto-
nobiT alkoholuri sasmeli, igi ukve iTvleba darRve- busSi, rogorc wesi, aris kondencioneric.
vad, xolo 1,2 promilis odenobiT alkoholuri sasme- servisis maqsimalur dones Seesabameba ~xuTvar-
lis miRebisas ki _ uxeS darRvevad. ucxoeTSi avtoban- skvlaviani” turistuli avtobusebi. aseT avtobusebSi
ze avtomobiliT gadaadgilebis dros mZRolma gza un- gazrdilia sajdomebs Soris intervali. masSi SeiZle-
da dauTmos fexiT saval nawilze gadamsvlels. ba iyos tansacmlis Camosakidi saSualeba, audio- da
aucilebelia agreTve usafrTxoebis Rvedebis gake- videocentrebi. rogorc wesi, avtobusebi miemarTebian
Teba, rogorc wina, ise ukana savarZelzec. Tu ar aris avto-sadgomebidan, romelic ganTavsebulia aeropor-
specialuri sagzao niSnebi, yovelTvis unda daviWiroT tebTan, rkinigzis sadgurebTan, sazRvao da samdinareo
marjvena mxare, anu gza davuTmoT marcxena mxares mo- portebTan axlos. avtobusebis sadgurebs gaaCniaT mo-
maval satransporto saSualebas. arafriT ar SeiZleba sacdeli darbazi. bileTebi SeiZleba winaswar iqnes
gavaswroT im avtomobils, romelic gaCerebulia gada- dajavSnili pirdapir sastumrodan. avtobusebi SeiZle-
sasvlelze fexiT mosiaruleTa gatarebis mizniT. ucx- ba gaices ijariTac ojaxebis mgzavrobisTvis.
oeTis avtogasamarTi sadgurebis gverdiT mdebare ji- aseTi avtobusis Sida salons gaaCnia namdvili
xurebSi SeiZleba mgzavrma SeiZinos kvebis produqtebi sacxovrebeli saSualebebi, saZinebeli adgilebiT, sam-
da axali gazeTebi. avtomobilis ijariT gacema SeiZ- zareuloTi, airis saTbobiTa da macivriT. aseTi avto-
leba mxolod 21 wlis, da masze meti, asakis mqone ada- busebis tevadoba 6 adgiliania. arsebobs sxvadasxva sa-
mianze. avtomobilis ijariT aRebis minimaluri Rirebu- xis turistuli avtobusebi, romlebic SeiZleba gamoye-
leba, magaliTad evropaSi, aris 50 evro da igi izrde- nebuli iqnes saTavgadasavlo turebisaTvis. aseT avto-
153 154
busebs SeuZliaT komfortuli mgzavrobis SenarCuneba tobusebiT gadayvanas qveynis sazRvargareTac. avtobu-
uswormasworo gzebzec. masSi ganTavsebulia tualeti siT mgzavrobisas saWiro xdeba qalaqidan naxevarkunZu-
da macivari, agreTve damatebiTi misabmeli, samzaure- lebze fexiT gasvla.
los da sxva damxmare saSualebis ganTavsebis mizniT.
am avtobusebs gaaCniaT Tavisi dadebiTi da uaryofiTi reziume:
mxareebi.
turistebis avtobusebiT mgzavrobis dadebiT mxa- saerTaSoriso turizmis infrastruqtura moicavs
red iTvleba is, rom am dros turists SeuZlia daaTva- turistebze momsaxurebis gawevisaTvis saWiro iseT sa-
lieros soflis raionebi, patara qalaqebi, moinaxu- Sualebebs, rogoricaa: turistebis ganTavsebis saSua-
los unikaluri provinciuli muzeumebi, dainaxos adgi- lebaTa organizeba (sastumroTa industria), turistu-
lobrivi provinciis cxovreba iseTnairad, rogoric is li kompaniebi, (saagentoebi), turistuli saagentoebi,
aris sinamdvileSi. amasTan erTad, avtobusiT mgzavro- sazogadoebrivi kvebis sistema, gasarTobi saSualebebi,
bas axlavs mTeli rigi usiamovnebac. avtobusiT mgzav- atraqciis sistema, sadazRvevo kompaniebi, sabanko-safi-
robis dros, rogori komfortulic ar unda iyos igi, nanso organizaciebi, sainformacio samsaxurebi da sat-
mgzavrs SeiZleba daemarTos gulyra. damRlelia ag- ransporto saSualebebi. Tanamedrove sastumros erT-
reTve erTsadaimave mdgomareobaSi jdoma. avtobusiT erT pirvel gamovlinebas warmoadgens Zvel saberZneT-
mgzavrobisas Cveulebisamebr yovel sam-oTx saaTSi er- sa da romis imperiaSi turistebis mimRebi soflis ga-
Txel aCereben mgzavrTa dasvenebis mizniT. xangrZlivi remoSi agebuli ojaxis tipis saxlebi.
mogzaurobisas avtobusi unda ataros orma mZRolma, sastumroTa mSeneblobaSi aqtiuri monawileobis mi-
romlebmac avtobanze gasvlis dros rig-rigobiT unda Reba daiwyes aviakompaniebma. sastumroebi warmoadgens
Secvalon erTmaneTi. evropis qveynebSi ~zrdasrulis” nebismieri tur-produqciis damzadebis bazas. ukanaskne-
bileTis mqone mgzavrs aqvs 30 kilomde tvirTis gada- li aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi internet-qseli gadaiq-
tanis ufleba, xolo ~bavSvis” bileTiT SesaZlebelia ca tur-produqtebis reklamirebis efeqtur saSuale-
20 kilomde tvirTis gadatana. turistma xelbargi SeiZ- bad. xarisxis saerTaSoriso kriteriums warmoadgens
leba aitanos salonSi. mTavaria xelbargma ar daika- evropis sastumro standarti (EUHS). sakurorto tipis
vos calke dasajdomi adgili. sabargulis gamoyenebi- sastumroebs gaaCniaT darbazebi, sadac sainformacio
saTvis avtobusSi turistma damatebiT unda gadaixados dafaze ganTavsebulia rogorc sastumros, ise moce-
Tanxa, risTvisac mgzavrs gadaecema specialuri bara- mul sakurorto zonaSi SemoTavazebuli eqskursiebis
Ti. Sesaxeb yvela saxis informacia. sakurorto sastumro-
mgzavrTa tvirTi Tavsdeba avtobusis qveda sabar- Ta funqcionirebis problemas warmoadgens ganTavsebis
gulSi, romelic ganlagebulia avtobusis orive mxares sezonuroba. moteli aris avtomobilis mflobelTaT-
dasajdomi adgilebis qveS. unda aRiniSnos, rom avto- vis gankuTvnili sastumro. bolo dros gavrceleba
busiT mgzavroba xSirad momgebiani aris. es exeba ara- hpova ekonomikuri klasis otelebma.
marto avtobusiT Sida turebs, aramed turistebis av-
155 156
sastumro bazis Semdgomi ganviTarebis mizezi gaxda ZiriTadi terminologia:
turistuli saqmianobis axali saxeobebisa da gansxvave-
buli biujeturi SesaZleblobebis mqone turistebis - iniciativuri da receptuli tur-operatori;
gamoCena. agroturizmis ganviTareba gadaiqca ganTavse- - tur-opereitingi;
bis axal saSualebaTa aRmocenebis mizezad. sastumros - hosteli, roteli da flaiteli;
nomerTa serTificirebisas dgindeba maTi kategoriebi. - floteli da boteli;
serTificirebis procesSi sastumros administraciam - nomerTa ~Sevsebis koeficienti”;
unda waradginos is dokumentebi, romlebic amtkiceben - sastumro adgilTa dakavebis koeficienti;
saxanZro usafrTxoebis, sanitarul-higienuri da sxva - sastumroTa datvirTvis koeficienti.
normebis damcav mowyobilobaTa arsebobas. rogorc aR-
niSnavs servisuli saqmianobis sferoSi moRvawe specia- testebi:
listi g. a. avanesova ~Tanamedrove sastumrosaTvis da-
1. sastumroTa mimdebare teritoriaze restornebis or-
maxasiaTebelia stumrebze momsaxurebis ori formis _
ganizebaSi namdvili revolucia moaxdina:
ganTavsebis samsaxurisa da kvebis samsaxuris arseboba.
a) Tavisi drois cnobilma, kulinarma jorj avgust
danarCenebi atareben damxmare xasiaTs”.
eqskorma;
msoflio turistuli industria warmoadgens gan-
b) konrad hiltonma;
Tavsebisa da satransporto saSualebebis, sazogadoeb-
g) g. a. avanesovma; d) tur-operatorma.
rivi kvebis, garTobis, sportuli, samkurnalo, religi-
uri, SemecnebiTi saqmiani da sxva daniSnulebis turo-
2. ~Tanamedrove sastumrosaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
peratuli da turagentuli saqmianobiT dakavebuli,
stumrebze momsaxurebis ori mniSvnelovani samsaxu-
turistuli, saeqskursio da gid-Tarjimnebis momwode-
ris arseboba: ganTavsebis samsaxuri da kvebis samsa-
beli organizaciebis erTobliobas.. saerTaSoriso tu-
xuri. danarCeni samsaxurebi atareben damxmare xasi-
ristebi dasvenebis mizniT qveynebisa da sastumroebis
aTs”. _ aRniSnavs servisuli saqmianobis sferoSi
SerCevis paralelurad udides mniSvnelobas aniWeben
moRvawe specialisti:
turistul obieqtamde misasvlel satransporto saSua-
a) Tavisi drois cnobili, kulinari jorj avgust
lebaTa organizebas, Sesabamisi infrastruqturis gan-
eqskori;
viTarebis dones, mgzavrobis komfors, operatiulobas
b) konrad hiltoni;
da a. S. turistebis momsaxureba SeiZleba moxddes ram-
g) g. a. avanesovi; d) tur-operatori.
denime saxis transportiT: sahaero, rkinigzis, saavto-
mobilo da wylis transportis meSveobiT.
3. kveba SeiZleba organizdes sastumros Semdegi kla-
sis mixedviT:
a) sruli pansioni; b) naxevarpansioni;
g) ganTavseba da sauzme; d) sworia a), b) da g).
157 158
4. turistebis avtobusiT mgzavrobis dadebiT mxared Tavi 4.
iTvleba is, rom am dros turists SeuZlia:
saerTaSoriso turizmis samarTlebrivi uz-
a) daaTvalieros soflis raionebi da qalaqebi;
b) moinaxulos unikaluri provinciuli muzeumebi; runvelyofa
g) sworia a), b) da d) pasuxi.
d) dainaxos adgilobrivi provinciis cxovreba. turistuli saqmianobis samarTlebrivi uzrunvel-
yofa xorcieldeba saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samar-
Tlebrivi normebis safuZvelze, romelic gamoixateba
erovnuli kanonmdeblobis formirebaSi, saerTaSoriso
SeTanxmebebSi, turizmis sferoSi organizaciebis Seq-
mnaSi. saerTaSoriso turizmis Sesaxeb mniSvnelovani
informacia gamoqveynda 1975 wels. turizmis saerTaSo-
riso organizebis da am sferoSi SeTanxmebis miRwevis
erT-erT mniSvnelovan mizans warmoadgens turistuli
formalobebis gamartiveba, anu msoflio sazogadoebis
Semdgomi integracia. am dros didi yuradReba eTmoba
agreTve bunebrivi garemos dacvis sakiTxebs.
nebismieri qveynis turizmis sferoSi samarTlebri-
vi regulirebis safuZvels warmoadgens xelisuflebis
mier SemuSavebuli iseTi samarTlebrivi aqtebi, rogo-
ricaa kanoni ~turistuli saqmianobis Sesaxeb”, romel-
Sic konkretulad saubaria imis Sesaxeb, rom ~turis-
tuli saqmianobis saxelmwifoebrivi regulireba xdeba
turistebis interesebis da uflebebis dacvis, maTi
usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofis, mocemul qveyanaSi tu-
ristebis Sesvlis, yofnisa da gasvlis wesebis dadge-
nis mimarTulebiT. ukanasknel wlebSi garduval auci-
leblobas warmoadgens sazogadoebisa da kanonmdeblo-
bis ganviTarebis, maT Soris turizmis sferoSi socia-
lur-ekonomikuri tendenciebis Sesabamisobis Sesaxeb
sakiTxis dayeneba. Semomsvleli turizmis Sesaswavlad
saWiroa sakanonmdeblo RonisZiebebiT daregulirdes
Sida da gare turizmis ganviTareba.
159 160
saerTaSoriso mogzaurobis ZiriTadi wesebi da mogzaurobis dros sazRvargareTis pasportis dakar-
formalobani gvis SemTxvevaSi, aucilebelia moqalaqem mimarTos mo-
cemul saxelmwifoSi mdebare Tavisi qveynis sakonsu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri- los, an saelCos sadac unda aiRos droebiTi mowmoba
siT qveynebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis aRmofxvras am qveyanaSi mogzaurobis uflebis misaRebad. am dros
mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs saerTaSoriso turizmis mosalodneli usiamovnebebisa da savaraudo probleme-
maregulirebeli msoflio sakanonmdeblo bazis unifi- bis Tavidan acilebis mizniT saWiroa turists gaaC-
kacia, srulyofa da harmonizacia. nebismieri qveynis ndes ucxouri pasportis ramdenime qsero-asli.
mTavroba pasuxismgebelia erovnuli politikuri, eko- vizebi gaicema im saxelmwifos oficialuri (sakon-
nomikuri, samarTlebrivi, monetaruli da sxva garemos sulo) dawesebulebis mier, saiTac apirebs gamgzavre-
stabilizaciaze, rac gavlenas axdens Sida turizmis bas mocemuli turisti, raTa am ukanasknels mieces mo-
ganviTarebaze, magram roca turistuli urTierTobebi cemul qveyanaSi gamgzavrebis nebarTva. Cveulebisamebr
kveTs erovnul sazRvrebs da saerTaSoriso turizmis viza warmoadgens pasportis gamcemi erT-erTi qveynis
saxes iRebs, mas, Sida turizmisagan gansxvavebiT, sWir- rTuli dacvis mqone sabuTs, magram vizis floba ar
deba garkveuli regulireba saxelmwifoebs Soris miR- aris gamgzavrebis absoluturi garantia. pasportisa
weul SeTanxmebaTa safuZvelze. da vizis garda, sul ufro meti qveyana iTxovs Semosu-
turistebsa da tur-agentebs Soris xelSekrulebis li turistebisagan ukan gamgzavrebis bileTs, vauCers,
gaformebis dros Cveulebisamebr xelmZRvaneloben sa- aucilebeli finansuri saxrsebis flobas, romelic
marTlis Semdegi normebiT: kanoni ~turistuli saqmia- sakmarisi iqneba civilizebuli mogzaurobisaTvis. tu-
nobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb”, ~samoqalaqo kodeqsi”, ka- ristis gamgzavrebis Sesaxeb saboloo gadwyvetilebas
noni ~momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb”, ~sahae- iRebs Sesabamisi imigraciuli samsaxuri.
ro kodeqsi” da a.S. turistuli formalobani_es aris ramdenime qveynis sazRvris gadakveTis, magaliTad
im wesebis, pirobebisa da qmedebebis erToblioba, rome- rkinigziT mogzaurobis, SemTxvevaSi mocemul qveyanaSi
lic saWiroa saxelmwifoSi damyarebuli wesrigisa da Sesvlis nebadamrTvel turistul vizasTan erTad tu-
kanonierebis uzrunvelyofisaTvis, turistuli mogzau- rists aucileblad unda gaaCndes yvela im qveynis sat-
robis organizebisa da ganxorcielebis dakvirvebisaT- ranzito viza, sadac gaivlis mocemuli rkinigzis mar-
vis. turistul formalobebs ganekuTvneba: saxelmwi- Sruti. ucxoel moqalaqes, romelsac Tavisi samuSaos
fos mier dawesebuli savizo, sabaJo, savaluto forma- xasiaTidan gamomdinare, xSirad uxdeba ucxoeTSi gam-
lobani, sanitarul procesebze dakvirveba da a. S. gzavreba, SeuZlia aiRos mravaljeradi viza. damabru-
saerTaSoriso turistuli mogzaurobis dros au- nebeli viza gaicema qveyanaSi mxolod erTxel Sesvlis
cilebelia turists gaaCndes sazRvargareTis pasporti. dros. igi SeiZleba miiRos mocemul qveyanaSi myofma im
igi SeiZleba gasces turistebis ucxoeTSi gamgzavnma pirma, romelsac gaaCnia erTjeradi viza, Tu raime mi-
(donorma) qveyanam, turistis mier ganacxadis dawerisa zezebis gamo, igi iZulebulia droebiT gavides qveyni-
da Sesabamisi gadasaxadis gadaxdis Semdeg. turistuli
161 162
dan da garkveuli drois gasvlis Semdeg dabrundes vi- gavrcelebuli epidemiuri (qoleris, malariis, Roris,
zis moqmedebis vadis gasvlamde. qaTmis gripis da sxva) daavadebebisgan Tavis dasacavad.
1995 wels evropis rigma saxelmwifoebma _ belgiam, turistuli kompaniebis CamoyalibebisaTvis saWiro
niderlandebma, luqsemburgma, germaniis federaciulma dokumentacia. nebismier qveyanaSi xelisuflebam unda
respublikam, safrangeTma, espaneTma da portugaliam _ gaataros iseTi ekonomikuri politika, romelic tu-
SemoiRo Sen-genis viza, romelmac am qveynebis Sida rizmis ganviTarebis sferoSi kerZo mewarmeebs miscems
sazRvrebze gaamartiva sabaJo kontroli. am qveynebSi misi potencialis gamovlenis SesaZleblobas. bunebri-
Sesvlisa da maTgan gamgzavrebis dros turists SeuZ- via es politika asaxvas hpoulobs sameurneo saqmiano-
lia isargeblos e. w. ~mwvane baraTiT” anu imigrantis bis yvela saxeobaze da maT Soris turizmzec. imisaT-
mowmobiT, romelsac am qveynebidan erT-erTSi aqvs mud- vis, rom qveyanaSi damatebiT Seiqmnas axali sawarmoebi,
mivi sacxovrebeli adgili. ~mwvane baraTiT” SesaZlebe- saWiroa maT gaiaron licenzirebis procedura. licen-
lia agreTve gavigoT aqvs Tu ara turists satranspor- zia gaicema 5 wlis vadiT salicenzio mosakrebelis
to dazRveva, romlis yidva turists SeuZlia qveyanaSi gadaxdisa da dokumentTa paketis gadaxedvis Semdeg.
avtomobiliT mgzavrobis dros. sazRvris gadakveTisas turistuli firmis Camoyalibebis mizniT saWiroa
turisti valdebulia gaiaros kontroli. ramdenime organizaciuli etapis gavla. amisaTvis saWi-
sasazRvro kontrolis gavlamde ivseba sabaJo dek- roa jer firma daregistrirdes rogorc iuridiuli
laracia, sadac aucilebelia miTiTebuli iqnas is fu- piri, miiRos higienis serTifikati, moaxdinos ~samgzav-
ladi saSualebebi da Zvirfaseuloba, romelic turo turizmis” momsaxurebis serTificireba, moZebnos
rists gadaaqvs sazRvris gavliT. sazRvarze mdebare da Sesabamisi teqnikiT aRWurvos ofisi, srulyos sas-
maRaziebSi saqonlis yidvis dros moqmedebs Tavisufa- tumroTa gacnobiTi turi, turoperatorebTan gaafor-
li (SeRavaTiani sagadasaxado reJimiT) vaWrobis meqa- mos saagento SeTanxmeba.
nizmi. es maRaziebi ucxoeli turistebisaTvis vaWroben qveynebis umravlesobaSi tur-operatorul saqmiano-
damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis gadaxdis gareSe. baze turistuli licenziis gaformebisaTvis saWiroa
maTSi saqoneli SeiZleba SeviZinoT im fasad, romelic waredginos dokumentebis Semdegi paketi: 1. sawarmos
ar Seicavs damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxads. aseT wesdeba; 2. damfuZnebelTa xelSekruleba (orze meti
maRaziebSi SeZenil saqonelze turists SeuZlia aiRos damfuZneblis arsebobis SemTxvevaSi); 3. mowmoba saxel-
qviTari, romlis meSveobiTac qveynidan gasvlisas, Cekis mwifo registraciis Sesaxeb; 4. mowmoba sajaro rees-
warmdgen pirs unazRaurdeba am maRaziebSi SeZenil sa- trSi iuridiul pirad daregistrirebis Sesaxeb; 5. mow-
qonelze, damatebuli Rirebulebis gadasaxadis saxiT, moba sagadasaxado inspeqciaSi aRricxvaze ayvanis Sesa-
gadaxdili Tanxis odenobis valuta. tropikul qveyneb- xeb; 6. arendis xelSekruleba an mowmoba sakuTrebis
Si gamgzavrebisas mizanSewonilia turistebma yuradRe- flobaze; 7. tur-operatoris saStato ganrigSi aranak-
ba gaamaxvilon sanitarul-epidemiur wesebze, raTa maT leb 7 muSakis arseboba; 8. tur-operatorebis muSakTa
gaaCndeT profilaqtikuri saSualebebi, met-naklebad aranakleb 30%-s turizmis sferoSi unda gaaCndes umaR-
lesi an saSualo ganaTleba, an profesiuli codna, an
163 164
kidev am sferoSi muSaobis 5 wlis staJi, an menejmen- turistebis mogzaurobis dinamikis Sesaxeb; 3. maT SeiZ-
tis Cvevebi turizmSi; 9. organizaciis beWedi. leba Seasrulon maregulirebeli funqciebi.
ZiriTad normatiul aqts, romelSic Tavmoyrilia saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi arsebul globa-
licenzirebis wesi, warmoadgens kanoni ~calkeuli sa- lur problemebTan gamklaveba SeuZlebelia saerTaSo-
xeobis saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb”. uSualod riso TanamegobrobasTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobis ga-
turistuli saqmianobis licenzireba ki regulirdeba reSe. dReisaTvis msoflio masStabiT Seqmnilia mrava-
kanoniT ~tur-operatorebis da turistuli saagentoe- li saxis turistuli organizacia, romelTa mizania
bis saqmianobis licenzirebis Sesaxeb”. ra saxis wina- turizmis sferoSi yvela qveynisaTvis ~TamaSis” erTia-
aRmdegobebs SeiZleba waawydes damwyebi mewarme, rome- ni wesebis SemoReba. maT Soris aris: turizmis msof-
lic dasaqmdeba saerTaSoriso turistuli saqmianobiT? lio organizacia, sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso
Rirs yuradRebis gamaxvileba turistul produqciaze asociacia (romelic saerTaSoriso aviagadamyvanTa
arsebuli moTxovnilebis sezonur vardnaze? Tuki Sev- msoflio organizaciaa). sahaero transportis saerTa-
xedavT sezonurobis faqtors, mizanSewonilia tur-ope- Soriso asociaciis mTavari funqciaa saerTaSoriso
ratorebma SeimuSaon TavianTi turistuli saqmianobis komerciuli saaviacio mimosvlis mowesrigeba, yvela
warmarTvis ramdenime alternativa. wevrisTvis erTnairi wesebis SemoReba da mgzavrTa ga-
dayvanis SeTanxmebuli tarifebis daweseba.
saerTaSoriso aviagadamyvanTa msoflio organiza-
saerTaSoriso turizmis maregulirebeli ciaSi 230 kompaniaa gawevrianebuli. turistuli saagen-
toebi am organizaciis saqmianobaSi monawileoben spe-
organizaciebi
cialuri ganyofilebis _ avia-kompaniebis agentTa saer-
TaSoriso organizaciis meSveobiT. sahaero transpor-
saerTaSoriso turistuli nakadebis regulirebisa
tis saerTaSoriso asociacia akontrolebs turistul
da Sesabamisi samarTlebrivi bazis uzrunvelyofis
saagentoTa saqmianobas wesebis, standartebis da erTi-
mizniT Camoyalibda msoflio masStabis mravali poli-
ani moTxovnebis dacvis mimarTulebiT. saerTaSoriso
tikuri, ekonomikuri, samxedro da ekonomikuri, mTavro-
turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis mizniT daarsda
baTaSorisi da arasamTavrobo organizacia. saerTaSo-
ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis da ganviTarebis organi-
riso turistuli organizaciebis Sesaxeb informaciis
zaciis turizmis komiteti, romelic xels uwyobs am
floba aucilebelia ramdenime mizezis gamo: 1. isini
organizaciis wevr qveynebSi turizmis ganviTarebas.
mowodebulni arian izrunon erebs Soris mSvidobisa
msoflio turizmis regulirebaSi mniSvnelovan rols
da stabilur urTierTobaTa uzrunvelyofaze, rac mTa-
asrulebs regionuli organizaciebic, romelTa Sori-
vari pirobaa saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebisTvis;
saa amerikis, arabeTis, afrikis, evropisa da azia-wynari
2. isini floben Rirebul informacias turistuli baz-
okeanis regioni.
ris pirobebis, demografiis, resursebis, qveynebs Soris
turizmis globaluri masStabiT aRmavlobam, tu-
ristuli marSrutebisa da kavSirebis saxelmwifoTa
165 166
erovnul sazRvrebs gareT farTo gavrcelebam, saerTa- saerTaSoriso masStabis mqone zogadi xasiaTis re-
Soriso turituli industriis ganviTarebam saWiro ga- gionul organizaciebs miekuTvnebian: aziisa da wynari
xada turistuli saqmianobis saerTaSoriso marTva da okeanis qveynebis turistuli asociacia (awta), amerikis
regulireba. am mizniT Seiqmna mravali turistuli or- turistuli industriis asociacia (atia); karibis zRvis
ganizacia, romlebic globaluri masStabiT gansazR- auzis turistuli asociacia (kzata),Pafrikuli turis-
vraven turizmis industriis ganviTarebis mTavar mimartuli organizacia (ato), vvropis turistuli gacvlis
Tulebebs, ayalibeben turizmis saqmianobis fuZemdeb- koordinaciis da ganviTarebis asociacia (etgkga) da
lur principebs, adgenen saerTaSoriso normebsa da sxva. dargobrivi xasiaTis regionul turistul orga-
standartebs, xels uwyoben turizmis sferoSi qveynebs nizaciebs miekuTvnebian: aziis da avstraliis sastum-
Soris TanamSromlobis Semdgom gaRrmavebas. Tanamed- roebisa da restornebis asociacia (aasra); aziis avia-
rove etapze msoflioSi ukve arsebobs 200-ze meti sxva- kompaniebis asociacia (aaa); amerikaTaSoris sastumroe-
dasxva donis da profilis saerTaSoriso turistuli bis asociacia (asa); arabeTis aviakompaniebis asociacia,
organizacia. esenia: asociaciebi, asociaciaTa jgufebi, afrikis aviakompaniebis asociacia(aaa) dasxva.
kavSirebi, federaciebi, komitetebi, komisiebi, sabWoebi, specializebul saerTaSoriso turistul organi-
centrebi da institutebi. zaciebs ganekuTvnebian isini, romlebic saqmianoben tu-
saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciebi, TavianTi rizmis iseT saxeobebsa da mimarTulebebSi, rogorica:
globaluri masStabidan gamomdinare, warmodgenilia socialuri, axalgazrduli, saqmiani, sakongreso da
Semdegi struqturuli formiT: 1. zogadi xasiaTis sxva. maT ricxvSi Sedis socialuri turizmis saerTSo-
msoflio organizaciebi; 2. dargobrivi saxis msoflio riso biuro (stsb); socialuri turizmis saerTaSoriso
organizaciebi; 3. zogadi saxis regionuli organizaci- federacia (stsf), axalgazrduli turizmisa da gavrce-
ebi; 4. dargobrivi xasiaTis regionuli organizaciebi; lebis saerTaSoriso biuro (atgsb), saqmiani turizmis
5. specializebuli organizaciebi da 6. gansakuTrebuli saerTSoriso organizacia, sakongreso da sastumro bi-
organizaciebi. uroebis saerTaSoriso asociacia, specializebuli
zogadi xasiaTis saerTaSoriso turistul organi- konfederaciebis organizaciis asociacia da sxva. 1
zaciebs miukuTvnebian: turizmis msoflio organizacia; sxvadasxva profilis turizmis sferos gansakuTre-
turizmisa da mogzaurobis msoflo sabWo (tmms), tu- bul organizaciaTa jgufs miekuTvneba organizaciebi
ristuli saagentoebis msoflio federacia (tsmf) da (specifikuri funqciebiT), romlebic pasuxs ageben tu-
sxva. dargobrivi xasiaTis saerTaSoriso turistul ristuli informaciebis sferoSi TanamSromlobaze,
organizaciebs ganekuTvnebian: sahaero transportis sa- profesiul turistul ganaTlebaze, ganageben turiz-
erTaSoriso asociacia (stsa), sazRvao-samgzavro gada- mis sferoSi samecniero gamokvlevebs. isini xels uwyo-
zidvebis saerTaSoriso asociacia (ssgsa), sastumroe- ben saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebas. am jgufs mi-
bis, restornebis da kafeebis erovnuli asociaciebis ekuTvneba: turizmis sferoSi moRvawe mweralTa da
saerTaSoriso kavSiri, sakongreso asociacia (sa) da
sxva. 1
metreveli m. turizmi 11 Tb.: 2003, gv: 120.
167 168
JurnalistTa saerTaSoriso federacia (mJsf), turizmi- bisaTvis, gansazRvravs dargSi arsebul prioritetul
sa da kulturis sferoSi dokumentaciisa da informa- mimarTulebebs, reklamirebas uwevs saerTaSoriso do-
ciis saerTaSoriso asociacia, turizmis sferoSi pro- neze qveynis teritoriul potencials da qmnis turis-
fesuli ganaTlebis msoflio asociacia (tspgma), tu- tuli saqmianobisTvis sasurvel imijs. msoflio tu-
rizmisa da mogzaurobis sferos kvlevis asociacia ristuli saqmianobis miznebi mdgomareobs SemdegSi:
(tmska), gidebis saerTaSoriso klubi (gsk), bunebis 1. moqalaqeTa dasveneba, Tavisufali mogzaurobis
dacvisa da resursebis saerTaSoriso kavSiri. dros maTi uflebebis dacva;
zogadi xasiaTis saerTaSoriso turistuli organi- 2. turistebis gadaadgilebis, gajansaRebisa da ga-
zaciebis daarsebis mizans warmoadgens msoflio tu- naTlebisaTvis pirobebis Seqmna;
rizmis ganviTarebis mimarTulebaTa gansazRvra, am or- 3. turistuli industriis ganviTarebisTvis axali
ganizaciis wevri qveynebis ekonomikuri ganviTarebis samuSao adgilebis Seqmna, qveynis Semosavlebis zrda,
stimulireba, garemosa da erovnlur-kulturul mem- saerTaSoriso kontaqtebis gaRrmaveba;
kvidreobaTa dacva, erebsSoris urTierTgagebisa da 4. turistuli obieqtebis, qveynis turistuli da sa-
mSvidobis xelsewyoba. am sferoSi warmoqmnili prob- kurorto potencialis intensiuri gamoyeneba.1
lemebis gadaWra, organizaciis wevri qveynebis far- turizmis saxelmwifo regulirebis prioritetul
glebSi erovnuli turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba. mimarTulebad iTvleba ekonomikis am dargis sxvadsxva
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebasTan erTad iz- saxeobaTa ganviTarebis mxardaWera. gare turizmis sa-
rdeba samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciebis xelmwifo regulirebaSi Sedis:
rolic. globaluri turistuli saqmianobis aqtiviza- 1. turistuli industriis sferoSi ierarqiul ur-
ciis da mxardaWeris mizniT msoflio arenaze Camoya- TierTobaTa mowesrigebisa da daxvewisaken mimarTuli
libda saerTaSoriso donis organizaciebis sistema, sakanonmdeblo-normatiuli aqtebis Seqmna;
romelSic gaerTianebulia regionuli institutebi da 2. Sida da saerTaSoriso bazarze turistuli pro-
saerTo erovnuli organizaciebi (turizmis saministro- duqciis gatanis xelSewyoba;
ebi, departamentebi, msoflio donis socialuri da 3. turistul industriaSi licenzirebisa da stan-
ekologiuri organizaciebis specializirebuli ganyo- dartizaciis sistemebis danergva, turistuli produq-
filebebi). gare turizmis saxelmwifo stimulireba, er- ciis serTificireba;
Ti mxriv, exmareba mis ganviTarebas, xolo, meores 4. turistebis qveyanaSi Semoyvanis, gayvanis da qvey-
mxriv, wyvets turizmis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel nis teritoriaze yofnis wesebis Seqmna;
problemebs. 5. turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis miznobrivi programe-
turizmisa da kurortebis saxelmwifo regulirebis bis Seqmnisa da realizaciisaTvis saxelmwifo dafinan-
arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom qveynis xelisufleba aRi- sebis gamoyofa;
arebs dargs erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi erT-
erT prioritetul mimarTulebad, xels uwyobs mis gan-
viTarebas, qmnis xelsayrel garemos misi funqcionire- 1
metreveli m. turizmi. 11 Tb.: 2003 _ gv: 79.
169 170
6. turistebis uflebebisa da interesebis dacvis, imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom momavalSi saerTSoriso
maTi usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa; turizmi didi tempiT gaizrdeba, msoflio turistuli
7. investirebisTvis xelsayreli garemos Seqmna; organizaciis wevri qveynebi darwmundnen turizmis
8. turistuli saqmianobis sakadro uzrunvelyofisa globaluri kodeqsis Camoyalibebis aucileblobaSi.
da turistuli industriis sferoSi samecniero kvleve- kodeqsis 9 muxli gansazRvravs turistuli mimarTule-
bis ganviTarebis mxardaWera. bebis, saagentoebis, mTavrobebisa da Tavad mogzaurTa
sazRvargareTis bevr qveyanaSi miRebulia saerTaSo- ~TamaSis” wesebs, meaTe muxli ki eZRvneba sakamaTo sa-
riso turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyobisaTvis Semdegi kiTxebis gadawyvetas da gvTavazobs maTi realizaciis
saxis ekonomikuri da administraciuli meqanizmebi: 1. meqanizms.
sagadasaxado SeRavaTebi, subsidiebi da dotaciebi; 2.
turizmis ganviTarebisa da turistuli momsaxurebis
momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis uzrunvelmyofi erov- turizmis msoflio organizaciis daarsebis
nuli sakanonmdeblo da normatiuli aqtebis Seqmna da winapirobebi, miznebi da amocanebi
danergva; 3. qveyanaSi Sesvlisa da qveynidan gasvlis
dros savizo da sapasporto SezRudvebis Semcireba; 4. msoflio turizmis regulirebis sferoSi moqmed
sxvadasxva SeRavaTebiT arasezonuri turizmis waxali- saerTaSoriso organizaciebs Soris wamyvani adgili
seba; 5. socialuri turizmis ganviTarebis xelSewyoba; ukavia turizmis msoflio organizacias (UNWTO). misi
6. turistebis usafrTxoebaze moTxovnebis gazrda; 7. daarsebis winamorbedi etapi iyo jer kidev 1925 wels
saxelmwifos mier garemos dasacavad kulturuli Ri- turizmis satransporto momsaxurebis sferos oficia-
rebulebebisa da istoriuli memkvidreobis SesanarCu- luri asociaciebis saerTaSoriso kongresis mowveva.
neblad RonisZiebaTa SemuSaveba. oficialurad turizmis msoflio organizacia daarsda
espaneTi, saberZneTi da Tanamedrove msoflios sxva 1975 wels turistuli organizaciebis arasamTavrobaTa-
mTeli rigi qveynebi investorebisaTvis aweseben SeRava- Sorisi gaerTianebis turizmis msoflio organizaciad
Tian sagadasaxado reJimsa da saamortizacio anaricx- gardaqmnis gziT, wesdebis miRebis safuZvelze. igi gae-
ebs, fulad nakadebze amcireben gadasaxads. sawarmos
ros (UN) specializirebuli saagentoa, romelic moqme-
pirveli wlebis funqcionirebisas zogierT qveyanaSi
debs (UNWTO)-sa da gaeros Soris TanamSromlobis Se-
miRebulia maTi gaTavisufleba mogebis gadasaxadisa-
saxeb gaformebuli xelSekrulebiT.
gan, maT xSir SemTxvevaSi umcirdebaT damatebiTi Rire-
turizmis msoflio organizacias aqvs pasuxismgeb-
bulebis gadasaxadic da a. S. 1999 wlis 1 oqtombers,
lobisa da centraluri xelmZRvaneli organos fun-
msoflio turistuli organizaciis generalur asam-
qcia turizmis sferoSi. igi erTaderTi mTavrobaTaSo-
bliaze, q. santiagoSi (Cile) miRebuli iqna ,,turizmis
risi organizaciaa, romelic muSaobs turizmis yvela
globaluri eTikuri kodeqsi“. igi emyareba sxvadasxva
aspeqtze mTel msoflioSi. UNWTO-Si gawevrianebulia
qveynis kodeqsTa ideebs da ayalibebs msoflio turiz-
161 qveyana. misi Stab-bina mdebareobs madridSi (espane-
mis mdgradi ganviTarebis orientirebs.
171 172
Ti). UNWTO-s wevrebi sam kategoriad iyofian: pirvel bis gaweva; 2. turizmis sferoSi regionuli TanamSrom-
kategorias miekuTvnebian sruluflebiani wevri saxel- lobis ganxorcielebaze zemoqmedeba; 3. garemos dacvis
mwifoebi, romelTa ricxvi 154-s aRwevs; meore katego- sferoze zemoqmedeba; 4. turistuli servisis xarisxis
rias miekuTvnebian asocirebuli wevrebi, romlebic amaRlebis mizniT teqnikuri TanamSromloba; 5. kadre-
sxva qveynebis teritoriebad iTvlebian, magram aqvT in- bis momzadebaze zegavlena da 6. sainformacio saqmia-
dividualurad sagareo politikis warmarTvis SesaZ- nobis warmoeba.
lebloba (amJamad arsebobs am tipis 7 teritoria); mesa- turizmis msoflio organizaciis saqmianobis um-
me kategorias ganekuTvneba mierTebuli wevrebi _ tu- Tavres amocanas warmoadgens saerTaSoriso turizmis
rizmis sakiTxebze momuSave samTavrobo da mTavrobaTa- statistikuri kvlevebis, prognozebis, marketinguli
Sorisi organizaciebi, komerciuli asociaciebi, sas- saqmianobis warmarTva. es informacia Zalian mniSvne-
tumroebi, turistuli saagentoebi, restornebi, safi- lovania erovnuli turistuli organizaciebis saqmia-
nanso institutebi, aviakompaniebi, turistuli produq- nobisaTvis. UNWTO regularulad warmoadgens msof-
ciis mwarmoeblebi, Sesabamisi kadrebis gadamzadebis lioSi turizmis mdgomareobis angariSs. masSi asaxu-
centrebi, kvleviTi institutebi da a.S. lia rogorc warmatebebi, ise problemebi, romlebic
turizmis msoflio organizaciis saqmianobis Zi-riTa- xels uSlian turizmis ganviTarebas. UNWTO adgens
di miznebi, mimarTulebebi da amocanebi. amrigad, msof- eTikis normebs, raTa daicvas wevri qveynebis interese-
lio turistuli organizaciis daarsebisa da funqcio- bi negatiuri socialuri zemoqmedebis minimizaciis
nirebis ZiriTadi mizania turizmis sferoSi saerTaSo- gziT, daexmaros bizness ekonomikur aRmavlobaSi soci-
riso TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba, personaliT uzrun- aluri da kulturuli efeqtis maqsimizaciis gziT.
velyofa, statistikur monacemTa Segroveba, Tavmoyra, turizmis msoflio organizaciis saqmianobis sxva
dajgufeba da analizi turizmis sferoSi, saerTaSori- Tanmdev amocanebs ganekuTvneba Semdegi: 1. turizmis
so urTierTobisa da mSvidobis xelSewyobis gansakuT- sferoSi urTierTTanamSromloba msoflio regionebisa
rebuli reJimis Camoyalibeba, msoflio vaWrobis ganvi- da qveynebis ganviTarebis mizniT; 2. humanitaruli re-
Tareba, adamianis uflebebis dacva da pativiscema. gar- sursebis ganviTareba turistuli kadrebis profesiuli
da am ZiriTadi miznisa, turizmis msoflio organiza- momzadebisa da swavlebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofis
ciis daarsebis da funqcionirebis sxva Tanmdevi mizne- gziT; 3. garemos racionalurad gamoyenebisa da dacvis
bia: 1. turizmis ganviTarebaze zemoqmedeba, romelic mizniT RonisZiebaTa SemuSaveba, dagegmva-realizacia; 4.
xels uwyobs qveynis ekonomikur zrdas; 2. turizmis turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis uzrunvelyofa da
sferoSi ganviTarebadi qveynebis interesebis dacva da turistuli servisis usafrTxoebis amaRleba; 5. sta-
3. turistuli servisis amaRlebis mizniT teqnikuri tistika da marketinguli kvlevebi turistuli bazris
daxmarebis gaweva. Seswavlis, statistikuri monacemebis Sekrebis, sistema-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis saqmianobis Ziri- tizaciisa da analizis gziT; 6. turizmis ganviTarebis
Tadi mimarTulebebia: 1. wevri qveynebis da organizaci- prognozirebis sistemis srulyofa; 7. komunikacia da
ebisaTvis turizmis sferoSi sakonsultacio daxmare- dokumentacia, turizmis ganviTarebaSi monawile qvey-
173 174
nebsa da regionebs Soris kavSirebis uzrunvelyofa, da uxelmZRvanelos asambleas da Seasrulos masze da-
turistuli dokumentaciis SemuSavebisa da gavrcele- kisrebuli movaleoba Tavisi saarCevno vadis ganmavlo-
bis gziT. baSi. mmarTveli organoebis mier miRebuli gadawyveti-
lebebis Sesrulebas xelmZRvanelobs samdivno genera-
luri mdivnis xelmZRvanelobiT. generaluri mdivani
turizmis msoflio organizaciis generaluri iniSneba ganaxlebadi oTxi wlis vadiT. igi pasuxismge-
asamblea belia sabWosa da asambleis winaSe. generaluri mdivani
irCeva sabWos rekomendaciiT. generaluri asambleis
UNWTO-s umaRlesi organoa generaluri asamblea. mdivnis arCeva SeiZleba moxdes meore vadiTac.
is Sedgeba xuTi delegatisagan, romelic yovel or we- generaluri mdivani xelmZRvanelobs asambleas sab-
liwadSi erTxel marTavs rigiT sesiebs. mis mier miRe- Wos direqtivebis mixedviT. generaluri mdivani unda
bul gadawyvetilebebs asrulebs aRmasrulebeli sabWo. SeuerTdes sabWos gadawyvetilebas ZiriTadi probleme-
generalur asambleas SeuZlia SeimuSavos proceduris bis da biujetis sakiTxebze. Tavisi saqmianobis Sesru-
sakuTari wesebi. mas SeuZlia mxedvelobaSi miiRos wev- lebisas generalurma samdivnom ar unda miiRos in-
ri qveynis nebismieri SekiTxva da SeTavazeba, misi sta- struqciebi arc erTi mTavrobisagan.
tusis miuxedavad. msoflio turistuli organizaciis aRmasrulebeli
msoflio turistuli organizaciis generaluri sabWo. aRmasrulebeli sabWo UNWTO-s mmarTveli orga-
asambleis funqciebSi Sedis: 1. prezidentisa da vice-- noa. igi pasuxismgebelia organizaciis saqmianobasa da
prezidentis arCeva; 2. sabWos wevrebis arCeva; 3. genera- biujetze. aRmasrulebeli sabWo 29 wevrisagan Sedgeba,
luri samdivnos arCeva sabWos rekomendaciiT; 4. orga- romelTac irCevs generaluri asamblea. mierTebuli da
nizaciis finansuri nawilis mowesrigeba; 5. organiza- asocirebuli wevrebi Sexvedrebze asruleben damkvir-
ciis administraciisaTvis ZiriTadi saxelmZRvanelos veblis funqciebs. sabWos wevrebi irCeva oTxi wlis va-
(protokolis) Sedgena; 6. samdivnosaTvis maregulirebe- diT. sabWo weliwadSi sul mcire orjer mainc ikribe-
li Statis Seqmna; 7. organizaciis ZiriTadi programis ba. sabWos SemadgenlobaSi Sedis 5 komiteti. sabWo ir-
Camoyalibeba; 8. organizaciis finansuri politikis mo- Cevs Tavmjdomares da vice-Tavmjdomares, romlebic as-
nitoringi da biujetis damtkiceba; 9. teqnikur da re- ruleben dakisrebul movaleobas erTi wlis vadiT.
gionul organizaciebTan axlo kavSirebis damyareba; aRmasrulebel sabWos aqvs ufleba Seqmnas Tavisi
10. organizaciisa da misi organoebis Sesaxeb arsebul wesebi da procedurebi. mis funqciebSi Sedis: 1. miiRos
SeniSvnebze Sesabamisi reagireba; 11. mTavrobasTan, sa- generaluri samdivnosagan Setyobineba organizaciis
erTaSoriso da kerZo organizaciebTan SeTanxmebis saqmianobasTan dakavSirebiT; 2. SeuerTdes generaluri
miRweva; 12. organizaciis statusisa da wevrTa raode- asambleis winadadebebsa da SeTavazebebs; 3. Seamowmos
nobis gansazRvra. organizaciis ZiriTadi programebis muSaoba; 4. Seuer-
asambleas SeuZlia airCios prezidenti da vice pre- Tdes asambleis rekomendaciebs finansuri politikisa
zidenti nebismieri sezonis dasawyisSi. prezidentma unda biujetis dagegmvis sakiTxebze; 5. yuradRebiT moeki-
175 176
dos yvela saqmianobas da pirnaTlad Seasrulos gene- ebi Sedgeba mocemuli regionis sruli da asocirebu-
raluri asambleis mier misTvis dakisrebuli funqcie- li wevrebisagan. regionul komisiebTan mierTebuli
bi. wevrebi asruleben damkvirveblis funqciebs. uflebamo-
generaluri asambleis sxdomebs Soris sabWom unda sili wevri saxelmwifoebi amyareben kavSirebs erTma-
miiRos iseTi teqnikuri da administraciuli gadawyve- neTTan, generalur mdivanTan da generalur asambleas-
tilebebi, romlebic saWiro iqneba organizaciis fun- Tan, waradgenen TavianT winadadebebsa da rekomendaci-
qciebisa da misi finansuri resursebis gaTvaliswine- ebs. regionuli komisiebi 2 wliT irCeven Tavmjdomares
biT. es gadawyvetileba unda waredginos asambleas da- da vice-Tavmjdomares.
samtkiceblad. forumis Sesadgenad saWiroa srul wev- turizmis msoflio organizaciis administraciuli
rTa umravlesobis daswreba. funqcionirebisa da ZiriTadi programebis realizacii-
aRmasrulebeli sabWos komitetebi da regionuli saTvis iqmneba biujeti, romelic finansdeba sruli,
komisiebi. UNWTO-s sabWo warmodgenilia komitetebiTa asocirebuli da mierTebuli wevrebis SenatanebiT, ag-
da regionuli komisiebiT. UNWTO-s specialuri komi- reTve sxva SesaZlo wyaroebidan, romelsac iTvaliswi-
tetebi konsultaciebs uweven organizaciis wevr qveynebs finansuri wesebi. organizaciis wevrebma sawevroe-
nebs menejmentsa da programebis SedgenaSi. igi moicavs bi unda Seitanon finansuri wlis dasawyisSi. biujeti
programebis komitets, biujetis da finansebis komi- mzaddeba generaluri samdivnos mier, gadaecema sabWos
tets, statistikis da turizmis makroekonomikuri ana- da generalur asambleas dasamtkiceblad. angariSebi
lizis komitets, sabazro informaciis miwodebisa da ganixileba 2 damkvirveblis mier, romlebic 2 wliT
daxmarebis komitets, turizmis ganviTarebis komitets, arian arCeulni generaluri asambleis mier da rekomen-
xarisxisa da vaWrobis komitets, UNWTO-s saganmanaT- dacia aqvT miRebuli sabWos mxridan. kontroliorebis
leblo, biznes-sabWosa da turizmis eTikis komitetebs. arCeva SesaZlebelia meore vadiTac. angariSebis efeq-
UNWTO msoflio regionebSi Tavis saqmianobas tiani Semowmebisas kontroliorebma unda gaiTvaliswi-
axorcielebs warmomadgenlobebis meSveobiT. mas hyavs non finansuri procedurebis, menejmentis, saerTaSori-
6 regionuli komisia. kerZod, esenia: afrikis, evropis, so finansuri regulirebis sakiTxebi da ZiriTadi fi-
wynari okeanis, aRmosavleT aziis, centraluri aziisa nansuri Sexedulebebi administraciuli praqtikidan.
da samxreT aziis regionebis komisia. Sexvedrebi imar- biujeti formulirebuli unda iyos aSS dolarebSi.
Teba weliwadSi erTxel. regionuli warmomadgenlebi UNWTO-s oficialuri enebia inglisuri, espanuri,
xvdebian TavianTi regionebis turizmis dargis warmo- franguli, rusuli da arabuli. UNWTO-sTan aqtiurad
madgenlebs, raTa gamoavlinon, gaanalizon da monaxon TanamSromlobs saqarTvloc, kerZod, oficialuri sa-
gzebi turizmis ganviTarebis periodSi warmoqmnili xelmwifo samsaxurebidan warmodgenilia Cveni qveynis
problemebis aRmosafxvrelad. regionuli komisiebi mo- turizmis erovnuli saagento.
nawileoben turistuli proeqtebis SemuSavebaSi, orga- turizmis msoflio organizacia regularulad ata-
nizebas ukeTeben praqtikul seminarebs sxvadasxva qvey- rebs am dargis problemebisadmi miZRvnil saerTaSori-
nis turizmis aqtualur sakiTxebze. regionuli komisi- so kongresebs, asambleebs da konfereciebs. turizmis
177 178
msoflio organizaciis deviziT 1995 wels espaneTSi Ca- erovnuli kanonmdeblobis formirebaSi, saerTaSoriso
tarda turizmis saerTaSoriso forumi, romelSic mo- SeTanxmebebsa da turituli organizaciebis SeqmnaSi.
nawileobda msoflios 52 qveynis parlamentari. forum- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
ma aRiara, rom saxelmwifom unda gadawyvitos turiz- qveynebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis aRmofxvras mniS-
mis ganviTarebisaTvis uaRresad saWiro problemebi, vnelovnad ganapirobebs saerTaSoriso turizmis mare-
kerZod, esenia: 1. turistul formalobaTa mowesrigeba; gulirebeli msoflio sakanonmdeblo bazis unifikacia
2. mogzaurobis usafrTxoebis amaRleba; 3. turistuli da harmonizacia. turistebsa da tur-agentebs Soris
infrastruqturis ganviTareba (maT ricxvSi transpor- xelSekrulebis gaformebis dros xelmZRvaneloben sa-
tisa da komunikaciebis efeqturi sistemebis Seqmna); 4. marTlis Semdegi normebiT: kanoniT ~turistuli saqmi-
turistul sawarmoTa menejerebisa da momsaxure perso- anobis safuZvlebis Sesaxeb”, ~samoqalaqo kodeqsiT”,
nalis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisTvis xelSewyoba; 5. tu- kanoniT ~momxmarebelTa uflebebis dacvis Sesaxeb”,
ristuli obieqtebis irgvliv, turistul regionebSi ~sahaero kodeqsiT” da a. S.
ekologiuri rigebis dacvis uzrunvelyofa; 6. turiste- vizebi gaicema im saxelmwifos oficialuri (sakon-
bis uflebebis dacva; 7. turistuli firmebisaTvis Se- sulo) dawesebulebis mier, saiTac apirebs gamgzavre-
RavaTiani sagadasaxado reJimis daweseba; 8. iseTi eko- bas mocemuli turisti, raTa am ukanasknels mieces mo-
nomikuri da statistikuri meqanizmebis Seqmna, romle- cemul qveyanaSi gamgzavrebis nebarTva. 1995 wels evro-
bic uzrunvelyofen turizmis sferoSi saerTaSoriso pis rigma saxelmwifoebma SemoiRo Sen-genis viza, ro-
normativebiT dadgenil statistikur aRricxvasa da melmac am qveynebis Sida sazRvrebze gaamartiva sabaJo
kontrols; 10. qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis kontroli. tur-operatorul saqmianobaze turistuli
iseTi pirobebis Seqmna, romelic uzrunvelyofs erov- licenziis gaformebisaTvis saWiroa waredginos doku-
nuli turistuli produqtis ucxoeTis bazrebze gata- mentebis Semdegi paketi: 1. sawarmoos wesdeba; 2. dam-
nas. msoflio turistuli organizaciis garda, saerTa- fuZnebelTa xelSekruleba; 3. mowmoba saxelmwifo re-
Soriso turizmis regulirebaSi mniSvnelovan rols gistraciis Sesaxeb; 4. mowmoba sajaro reestrSi iuri-
asrulebs iseTi mTavrobaTaSorisi organizaciebi, ro- diul pirad daregistrirebis Sesaxeb; 5. mowmoba saga-
goricaa: turizmis sferoSi evropis regionuli orga- dasaxado inspeqciaSi aRricxvaze ayvanis Sesaxeb; 6.
nizaciebi: evropis Tanamegobrobis sastumroebisa da arendis xelSekruleba, mowmoba sakuTrebis flobaze;
restornebis komiteti, ~saerTo bazris” turistuli 7. tur-operatoris saStato ganrigSi aranakleb Svidi
organizacia da skandinaviis turistuli kavSiri. muSakis arseboba; 8. tur-operatorebis muSakTa 30%-s
turizmis sferoSi unda gaaCndes ganaTleba; 9. organi-
reziume: zaciis beWedi.
msoflioSi arsebobs 200-ze meti saerTaSoriso tu-
turistuli saqmianobis samarTlebrivi uzrunvel- ristuli organizacia. esenia: asociaciebi, asociaciaTa
yofa xorcieldeba saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samar- jgufebi, kavSirebi, federaciebi, komitetebi, komisiebi,
Tlebrivi normebis safuZvelze, romelic gamoixateba sabWoebi, centrebi da institutebi. saerTaSoriso tu-
179 180
ristuli organizaciebi warmodgenilia Semdegi struq- - turizmis gansakuTrebuli organizaciebi;
turuli formiT: 1. zogadi saxis msoflio organizaci- - turizmis msoflio organizacia;
ebi; 2. dargobrivi rangis msoflio organizaciebi; 3. - generaluri asamblea da aRmasrulebeli sabWo;
zogadi regionuli organizaciebi; 4. dargobrivi pro- - aRmasrulebeli sabWos komitetebi da komisiebi.
filis regionuli da specializirebuli organizacie-
bi.
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mizania am sfero- testebi:
Si saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba, adamia- 1. saerTaSoriso turistuli saqmianobis samarTlebri-
nuri resursebis ganviTareba, turizmis sakadro resur- vi uzrunvelyofa xorcieldeba:
sebiT uzrunvelyofa, statistikur monacemTa Segrove- a) saerTaSoriso da erovnuli samarTlebrivi nor-
ba, Tavmoyra, dajgufeba da analizi, saerTaSoriso ur- mebis safuZvelze;
TierTobisa da mSvidobis xelSewyobis gansakuTrebuli b) adgilobrivi da regionuli samarTlebrivi nor-
reJimis Camoyalibeba, msoflio vaWrobis ganviTareba, mebis safuZvelze;
adamianis uflebebis dacva da pativiscema. g) municipaluri da saqalaqo samarTlebrivi norme-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis saqmianobis mimar- bis safuZvelze;
Tulebebia: 1. wevr qveynebze turizmis sferoSi sakon- d) samoqalaqo, sisxlis samarTlis normebiT;
sultacio daxmarebis gaweva; 2. regionuli turituli
TanamSromlobis ganxorcielebaze zemoqmedeba; 3. gare- 2. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT
mos dacvis sferoze zemoqmedeba; 4. turistuli momsa- qveynebs Soris arsebuli gansxvavebis aRmofxvras
xurebis xarisxis amaRleba; 5. kadrebis momzadebaze ze- mniSvnelovnad ganapirobebs:
moqmedeba; 6. sainformacio saqmianobis ganxorcieleba a) saerTaSoriso turizmis maregulirebeli msof-
aRniSnul sferoSi. lio sakanonmdeblo bazis unifikacia;
turizmis msoflio organizaciis amocanaa saerTa- b) turizmis maregulirebeli msoflio sakanonmdeb-
Soriso turizmis statistikuri kvlevis, prognozire- lo bazis harmonizacia;
bisa da marketinguli saqmianobis marTva. g) turistuli kompaniebis maregulirebeli adgi-
lobrivi kanonebis SemuSaveba;
ZiriTadi terminologia: d) arcerTi pasuxi ar ari swori.
3. saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciebia:
- turizmis sakanonmdeblo bazis unifikacia; a) turistuli asociaciebi da jgufebi;
- sapasporto da savizo formalobani; b) turistuli kavSirebi da federaciebi;
- Sen-genis viza; g) turistuli komitetebi da komisiebi;
- zogadi da dargobrivi turistuli organizacia; d) turistuli sabWoebi da centrebi;
- msoflio da regionuli turituli organizacia; e) sworia a), b), g) da d) pasuxebi.
- turizmis specializirebuli organizaciebi;
181 182
4. saerTaSoriso turistuli organizaciebi Semdegi Tavi 5.
struqturuli formisaa:
saerTaSoriso turizmis roli msoflio
a) zogadi xasiaTis msoflio organizaciebi;
b) dargobrivi saxis msoflio organizaciebi; ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi
g) zogadi xasiaTis regionuli organizaciebi;
d) dargobrivi saxis regionuli organizaciebi; saerTaSoriso turizmi SeiZleba ganxilul iqnes,
e) specializirebuli organizaciebi; rogorc cxovrebis xarisxis srulyofis faqtori. am
v) gansakuTrebuli organizaciebi; SemTxvevaSi turistuli saqmianoba, damatebiTi Semosav-
z) sworia a), b), g), d), e) da v) pasuxebi. lebis saxiT, dakavSirebulia aramarto pirdapir eko-
nomikur efeqtTan, axali samuSao adgilebis SeqmnasTan,
infrastruqturis ganviTarebasTan, aramed igi gavlenas
axdens adamianTa socialur-fsiqologiur mdgomareoba-
ze, maTi janmrTelobis da keTildReobis donis amaR-
lebaze. fsiqologebi erTxmad aRniSnaven, rom adamiane-
bisTvis mosawyeni da autaneli xdeba TavianTi qalaqis
(ZiriTadi sacxovrebeli adgilis) ~civi” kedlebisa da
erTferovani sivrcis yureba. es aris betonisa da minis
yru kedlebi, didi Robeebi, erTgvarovani gadasasvle-
lebi da moasfaltebuli gzebi, romlebic moicaven
msgavs elementebs, maRali saxlebis kedlebze fanjre-
bis erTnairi mwkrivebis saxiT.
1992 wels rio-de-JaneiroSi gaero-s egidiT Catarda
saerTaSoriso konferencia bunebriv garemosTan dakav-
SirebiT. msoflio sazogadoebam miiRo konvencia bio-
logiuri mravalferovnebis Sesaxeb. konvenciis ZiriTa-
di mizania biologiuri mravalferovnebis globaluri
masStabiT SenarCuneba da Sesabamisad garemo pirobebis
dacvasTan ekonomikuri progresis Sesabamisobis uzrun-
velyofa. ekonomikis yvela dargi ukve ganixileba am
postulatis kontestSi. saerTaSoriso turizmis wina
planze wamowevam pozitiuri zegavlena unda moaxdinos
socialur-ekonomikuri cxovrebis sxva mxareebzec.1
1www.sunnytour.ge/ Роль туризма в мировой экономике.
183 184
ar aris dazRveuli mravali, sxvadasxva saxis travmisa-
saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc erovnuli gan. rac ufro maRalia ganaTlebis done sazogadoeba-
interesebis dacvis saSualeba Si, miT ufro afaseben misi wevrebi dasvenebis, garTo-
bisa da sazRvargareTis qveynebis RirsSesaniSnaobaTa
gacnobis SesaZleblobebs. isini axal moTxovnebs uye-
saerTaSoriso turizmi bevri qveynisaTvis iqca
neben turistul organizaciebs. Tavisufali drois ar-
erovnul interesTa warmoCenisa da dacvis erT-erT qme-
seboba im sazogadoebaSi, sadac adamianebs epyrobian
diT instrumentad. qveynis ekonomika da turizmi mWid-
humanurad, kargad aris daculi maTi uflebebi (maT
rod urTierTqmedeben erTmaneTze, turizmi warmoad-
Soris Sromisa da dasvenebis uflebac), adamianebs aZ-
gens qveynis erovnul interesTa wina planze wamowevisa
levs Sromis Sedegad daxarjuli energiis aRdgenis sa-
da dacvis mniSvnelovan saSualebas. rogorc wina Ta-
ukeTeso saSualebas. maT ZiriTadad SvebulebasTan er-
vebSi avRniSneT, igi uzrunvelyofs adgilobrivi mo-
Tad xSirad eZlevaT Tavisufali dro moklevadiani
saxleobis dasaqmebas da ucxo valutis mozidvas. tu-
mogzaurobisaTvis. amitom izrdeba moTxovna turistul
ristma SeZenili saqonlisa da gaweuli momsaxurebis
servisze.
sanacvlod fuli unda gadauxados im qveyanas, rome-
Tu wminda turistuli saldo dadebiTia, maSin
lic mas maspinZlobs.
qveynisaTvis sxva saxelmwifoebTan damyarebuli am ti-
moTxovna turistul momsaxurebaze maRalia im qve-
pis turistuli urTierTobebi momgebiania, radganac
yanaSi, sadac ukeTesia ekonomikuri mdgomareoba. adami-
igi zrdis erovnul Semosavals, dasaqmebis dones, sama-
anebi dasvenebis adgilis SerCevisas yuradRebas amaxvi-
mulo produqciis warmoebis moculobas, aCqarebs qvey-
leben turistuli regionis ekologiaze. garemos da-
nis ekonomikuri zrdis tempebs da piriqiT, Tu es maCve-
binZurebis minimizaciis meTodebisa da teqnologiebis
nebeli uaryofiTia igi iwvevs erovnuli finansuri re-
gamoyeneba xelsayrelia yvelasTvis _ turistuli kom-
sursebis sazRvargareT ~gaJonvas”, samuSao adgilebis
paniebisa da ganTavsebis saSualebaTa menejerebisaTvis,
eqsports, samamulo produqciis warmoebis, realizaci-
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis da daculi teritoriebis
isa da Sesabamisad fasebis Semcirebas da a. S.
xelmZRvanelebisaTvis.1 turistul momsaxurebaze gav-
Tu qveyanam erovnul interesebze dayrdnobiT war-
lenas axdens iseTi faqtoric, rogoricaa cxovrebis
marTa sagareo turistuli kavSir-urTierToba, maSin
pirobebi.
mas didi sargeblis motana SeuZlia qveynis ekonomiku-
sabazro ekonomikis socialurad orientirebul
ri aRmavlobis sferoSi, radganac igi saSualebas iZ-
qveynebSi xelsayreli pirobebia Seqmnili turizmis
leva maqsimalurad da racionalurad iqnes gamoyenebu-
ganviTarebisaTvis. Svebulebis dros adamianebma unda
li qveynis samewarmeo da resursuli potenciali, gai-
aRadginon wlis ganmavlobaSi daxarjuli socialuri
zardos adgilobrivi mosaxleobis finansuri Semosav-
da fizikuri Zalebi, vinaidan yoveldRiuri cxovreba
lebi da Sesabamisad maTi msyidvelunarianoba, Seiqmnas
saTanado, progresuli turistuli da sabazro infras-
1 metreveli marina. turizmi da garemos dacva. gamomcemloba truqtura, Camoyalibdes erovnuli ekonomikis raciona-
185 186
luri dargobrivi struqtura, daculi iqnes dargTaSo- swrafad cvalebadi XXI saukune Zalian cota dros
risi balansi, miRweuli iqnes warmoebis faqtorebis utovebs adamians imisTvis, rom wynarad ifiqros cxov-
dargTaSoris optimalur ganawilebas da a. S. rebis Sesaxeb, magram zogjer warmoiqmneba Cveulebriv
amrigad, qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis konku- (yoveldRiur da rutinul) cxovrebaze Tavis daRwevis
renciul safuZvelze ganviTarebam SeiZleba erovnul survili, raTa man Tundac cota xniT gadaitanos Tavi-
ekonomikas moevlinos ~uCinari xelis” rolSi, rome- si mosawyeni cxovreba sxva realobis samyaroSi: aRmoC-
lic Tavad gansazRvravs Tu romel dargSi, ramdeni ndes iq, sadac haeri gaJRenTilia JangbadiT, sadac su-
produqcia, ra teqnikuri saSualebebiTa da romeli fevs simSvide, aTaswleulTa ganmavlobaSi gadmohyu-
momxmareblisaTvis iqnes warmoebuli. saboloo jamSi, rebs mTebi kacobriobis istorias, sadac turisti ga-
unda iTqvas, rom saerTaSoriso turizms udidesi mniS- Rimebuli gascqeris zRvis horizonts, sadac stumar-
vneloba aqvs Tanamedrove msoflio ekonomikis ganviTa- Tmoyvare eri Tavis miwas uwodebs rZis da Taflis qve-
rebaSi. yanas.
bolo dros turistul infrastruqturaSi vlinde-
ba kapitaldabandebis axali formebic. mag., sastumro
saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc ekonomikis biznesis axal formas ganekuTvneba e. w. turistuli
rezidenciebi, romelic sruliad ganekuTvneba turis-
dargobrivi struqturis srulyofis
tebs, magram igi ar warmoadgens turistebis mudmiv
faqtori sacxovrebel adgils. maT ganekuTvneba agreTve saerTo
sargeblobis meoradi rezidenciebi da korpusis binebi,
ekonomikis dargobrivi struqturis srulyofis romlebic emsaxurebian turistul kompaniebs. maT gaaC-
xarjze saerTaSoriso turizmi uzrunvelyofs adamian- niaT samkurnalo, gasarTobi da sportul-gamajansaRe-
Ta adgilsamyofelis Secvlisa da bevrad ufro kom- beli kompleqsi. uZrav qonebaSi investirebis aseTi sa-
fortul, mravalmxriv garemoSi moxvedris SesaZleb- xeebi gamoiyeneba amerikaSi, safrangeTsa da islandia-
lobas, romelic dadebiTad zemoqmedebs maT socia- Si, ZiriTadad samTo kurortebsa da zRvis sanapiroeb-
lur-fsiqologiur mdgomareobaze. aseTi garemos ele- ze. investiciebis aseTi forma perspeqtiuli iqneba sa-
mentebi SeiZleba Seqmnas teritoriis landSafturma da qarTvelosTvisac, sadac Tavisufali finansuri saxsre-
geologiurma Taviseburebebma (mag., Crdilo-aRmosavleT bis dabandebis erT-erT popularul formas warmoad-
espaneTis zRvis sanapiroebma, norvegiis fiordebma), ar- gens uZravi qonebis yidva-gayidva. am dros mepaie adami-
qiteqturulma Zeglebma (mag., barselonaSi a. gaudis mi- anebs SeuZliaT dasveneba CaTvalon momgebian kapital-
er daproeqtebulma, originaluri arqiteqturis kedle- dabandebad, radganac uZrav qonebas ~yovelTvis gaaCnia
bis mqone saxlma), teritoriis SemecnebiT-sanaxaobrivma fasi”. nebismieri regionis administracia cxadia mie-
potencialma (Tematuri skverebis sakurorto zonebSi salmeba kapitaldabandebas turistul infrastruqtu-
arsebobam) da a. S. raSi.
187 188
bunebrivia Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: ratom ar avagoT lobac, romelic turistebs miscems wyalqevSa samya-
sastumroebi vTqvaT kubis an kavkasiis Savi zRvis sana- ros daTvalierebis SesaZleblobas. saerTaSoriso tu-
piroze. cxadia, rom xelsayreli sainvesticio klima- rizmi xSirad SeiZleba gamovides ~substitut-dargis”
tis Seqmnis gareSe saerTaSoriso turixmis industria- rolSi. Tanamedrove etapze turizmis industria xdeba
Si msxvili investiciebis mozidva SeuZlebelia. Cveni bevrad ufro efeqturi da xelsayreli calkeuli qvey-
azriT, amis nacvlad, bevrad ufro efeqturi iqneba am nis ekonomikuri ganviTarebisaTvis, vidre mocemul te-
sferoSi mcire da saSualo sainvesticio proeqtebis ritoriaze moqmedi meurneobis sxva dargi. es gamoiw-
ganxorcieleba. kerZod, amisaTvis unda moxdes finansu- vevs regionis ekonomikuri specializaciis cvlilebas. 1
ri saxsrebis ucxoeTidan mobilizeba. investiciebis zogierT qveyanaSi mgzavrobisas turists sTavazo-
mcire moculobiT dabandebis SemTxvevaSi investorebi ben ~safirmo” eqskursiebs. magaliTad, rumineTSi dasve-
ar riskaven, Tu mocemuli qveynis xelisufleba ver nebis msurvelebs uSualod SeuZliaT daaTvalieron ev-
SeZlebs xelsayreli biznes-garemos Seqmnas. am tipis ropis yvelaze didi miwisqveSa sanatoriumebi, romle-
kapital-dabandebani SeiZleba gadaiqces sasazRvro, bic ganlagebulni arian marilismompovebel uZveles
zRvispira da mTis raionebis ganviTarebis damatebiT SaxtebSi. zogierT qveyanaSi adgilobrivi macxovreble-
faqtorad (mag., eqskursiebis dakveTiT, sastumroebSi bi didi siamovnebiT uCveneben turistebs TavianTi Sro-
adgilebis dajavSniT, avejis SeZeniT da a. S). unda miTi saqmianobis warsul da axlandel elementebs. ma-
aRiniSnos, rom aseTi proeqtebis realizacias mxars galiTad, fareris kunZulebis mcxovrebni ucxoeli tu-
uWers Sesabamis raionTa administracia, romlebic da- ristebisaTvis axdenen bostneulis daTesva-movla-moy-
interesebulni arian mcire da saSualo sawarmoebis vanis organizebas, patiJeben zRvaSi Tevzaobaze. sam-
ganviTarebiT. xreT evropis qveynebSi sasoflo-sameurneo seqtorSi
ama Tu im qveyanaSi Camosuli turisti xarjavs gar- turistuli aqtivobis mizezad iqca dasaqmebul fer-
kveuli raodenobis fuls eqskursiis dakveTaze, sas- merTa specializaciis gaRrmaveba.
tumroSi adgilebis dajavSnaze, suvenirebis an sxva ra-
ime nivTis SesaZenad. rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, turis-
tul saqmianobas gaaCnia multiplikaciuri efeqti eko- saerTaSoriso turizmi, rogorc mdgradi re-
nomikis sxva dargebSi damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis gionuli ganviTarebis dargi
Seqmnis stimulirebiT, romlebic ama Tu im kuTxiT da-
kavSirebulni arian turizmis ganviTarebasTan. erT-erT rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, turistuli saqmianoba
aseT dargs warmoadgens transporti. Tanamedrove etap- multiplikaciur efeqts axdens masTan korelaciaSi
ze swrafi tempebiT viTardeba kruizebis biznesi. myofi, sxva dargebis ganviTarebaze, am TvalsazrisiT
uaxloesi 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi kruizebis bazris
gafarToebis Sedegad samomavlod igegmeba aTeulobiT
axali sakruizo lainerebis mSenebloba. savaraudod 1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki ru/. lrcei.lviv.ua/%3FMezhdunarodnyi_tourizm Между-
igegmeba agreTve wyalqveSa turistuli navebis mSeneb- народный туризм как фактор совершенствования отраслевой структуры
хозяйства.
189 190
mniSvnelovania turistuli saqmianobis mier socialur- mitiulma sasoflo-sameurneo civilizaciam, romelic
ekonomikur da regionul ganviTarebaze zegavlenis irigaciis sistemis meSveobiT, iyenebs sruteebs, mdina-
calke gamoyofa da ganxilva. Tanamedrove etapze SeiZ- reebs, tbebs, CanCqerebsa da wyaroebs, waruSleli kva-
leba gamoyofili iqnes regionul ganviTarebaze tuli datova msoflio mosaxleobis sasursaTo saqonliT
rizmis zegavlenis Semdegi mimarTulebani: 1. problemu- uzrunvelyofaze;
ri (CamorCenili, depresiuli, sasoflo, sazRvrispira 2. mosaxleobis ganTavsebaze moqmed meore mniSvne-
da axlad daarsebuli) raionebis ganviTareba; 2. sazR- lovan faqtors ganekuTvneba mrewvelobis ganviTareba.
vao-samdinareo kruizebis ganviTareba; 3. globalizaci- XIX saukunis dasawyisSi didi roli iTamaSa samrewve-
is da integraciis stimulireba. lo sawarmoebma, gansakuTrebiT mZime mrewvelobiT gan-
saerTaSoriso turistuli moTxovnis SeswavliT viTarebul raionebSi, sadac moipoveboda foladi da
gamovlinda, rom turizmi viTardeba civilizebuli qvanaxSiri. swored aman gansazRvra mosaxleobis gan-
qveynebis umravlesobaSi. Tanamedrove etapze ukve karga saxleba centralur inglissa da amerikis Crdilo-aR-
xania cnobilia im faqtorebis Sesaxeb, romlebic iwve- mosavleT StatebSi;
ven turistuli saqmianobis swraf ganviTarebas, magram 3. mosaxleobis ganTesvaze moqmedi mesame faqtori
sainteresoa ra gavlenas axdens turizmi calkeuli aris saerTaSoriso vaWrobisa da sazRvao gadazidvebis
qveynis da regionis socialur-ekonomikur ganviTareba- rolis zrda, rac gaxda msxvili saporto centrebisa
ze? ra sargebeli SeiZleba miiRos qveyanam am sameur- da msoflios bevri qveynis zRvispira raionebSi mosax-
neo saqmianobis aqtivizaciisagan? rogor unda iqnes mi- leobis mravalricxovani, bevrad ufro mcire kontigen-
Rebuli adgilebze maqsimaluri sargebeli turistebi- tis formirebis mizezi.”1
sagan, romlebic moemgzavrebian kurortebze da xarja- aq a. iagelski saubrobs im periodSi axali faqto-
ven fuls? ekonomistebi da geografebi yovelTvis iy- ris warmoqmnaze _ (xmelTaSua da Savi zRvis, flori-
vnen dainteresebulni sawarmoo faqtorebis urTierTCa- disa da kaliforniis) sanapiroebze rekreaciuli cen-
nacvlebis unariT da sawarmoo ZalTa ganviTarebiT. trebis ganviTarebasa da am centrebSi sxvadasxva qvey-
sxvadasxva istoriul etapze gavleniT, isini gamoyofen nis wamyvani regionebidan (valensiidan, karibisa da
regionuli ganviTarebis faqtorebs. sxva raionebidan) sazogadoebis mdidari nawilis das-
jer kidev 1980 wels cnobili poloneli geografi venebis tendenciaze, magram bevrad ufro adre SeamCni-
a. iagelski, mosaxleobis ganlagebaze moqmed faqtorTa es, rom turizmi gamoiyeneboda, rogorc calkeuli te-
analizis dros werda, rom ~msoflio mosaxleobis Ta- ritoriebis ganviTarebis faqtori. amasTan dakavSire-
namedrove ganTavsebaSi SeiZleba gamoyofil iqnes am biT aRsaniSnavia adriatikis zRvaSi brionis kunZulis
procesze moqmedi Semdegi sami faqtori: bunebrivi ga- (xorvatia) daarsebis magaliTi.
remos, mrewvelobis ganviTarebis da msoflio sazRvao XIX saukunis dasasruls avstrielma mewarmeebma (im
gadazidvebis roli: periodSi xorvatia iyo avstria-ungreTis imperiis erT-
1. bunebrivi garemo ganapirobebs sasoflo-sameur-
neo seqtorSi dasaqmebul adamianTa gadanawilebas. pri- 1
birJakovi m. turizmis Teoria. 11 Tbilisi, 2004, gv: _ 97.
191 192
erTi Semadgeneli nawili), turistuli saqmianobis gan- turizmi, rogorc CamorCenil dargTa
viTarebis perspeqtivebis gaanalizebis Semdeg, sakuTre- ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtori
baSi SeiZines es kunZuli da gadawyvites iq aeSenebinaT
prestiJuli kurorti aristokratiul adamianTa dasve- CamorCenili, depresiuli raionebis warmoqmna SeiZ-
nebisaTvis. 1893 wlidan moyolebuli, isini awarmoeb- leba aixsnas mravali mizeziT: zogierTi raioni mdeba-
dnen kunZulis rekreaciuli aRmSeneblobis farTomas- reobs Rarib, ganviTarebad qveyanaSi da xasiaTdeba ad-
Stabian programas. wesrigSi movida parkebi, qvis qanda- gilobrivi mosaxleobis socialuri problemebiT. sxve-
kebebi, romelic Seiqmna jer kidev Zveli romis period- bi aRmoCndebian SedarebiT ganviTarebuli qveynebis
Si. aq gaSenda fexiT saseirno bilikebi. malariis daa- ekonomikis struqturuli gardaqmnebis qveS, rodesac
vadebis aRmofxvris mizniT maT moiwvies cnobili baq- raionis specializirebuli dargi vardeba krizisSi
teorologebi, romelTa miTiTebiTac daaSres adgilob- substituti saqonlis mwarmoebeli, bevrad ufro prog-
rivi Waobebi. kunZulis kontinentalur nawilSi gaiyva- resul dargebis aRmocenebis Sedegad. magaliTad, eleq-
nes wylis arxi, aSenda fosta, moxda satelefono kav- tronikis dargi intensiurad gadadis qvenaxSiridan
Sirgabmulobis organizeba. msoflios mravali turis- navTobis, gazisa da energetikis sxva alternatiul
tuli regionis funqcionirebis Sedegebis analizidan wyaroTa gamoyenebaze. krizisSi Cavardnilma raionma
naTlad Cans, rom turizmis gegmazomieri ganviTareba unda moZebnos ganviTarebis sxva alternativebi.
ar iwvevs gansakuTrebul uaryofiT efeqts, aramed igi regionuli ganviTarebis doneTa gamoTanabreba da
uzrunvelyofs turistuli bazris dakmayofilebas da CamorCenil an depresiul mdgomareobaSi myof raionTa
xels uwyobs qveynis ganviTarebas.1 stimulireba warmoadgens civilizebuli qveynebis so-
1913 wels am kunZulze aSenda oTxi sastumro, rom- cialur-ekonomikuri politikis ganuyofel nawils. ase
lebic erToblivad moicaven 300 gansaTavsebel nomers. magaliTad, evrokavSiris qveynebis Tanamedrove sabiu-
Sedegebmac didxans ar daayovna. XX saukunis dasawyis- jeto xarjebis erT-erT muxls warmoadgens regionuli
Si brioni gadaiqca prestiJul evropul kurortad ma- ganviTarebis doneTa gamoTanabrebaze gaweuli xarjebi.
Rali aristokratiuli sazogado-ebisaTvis. aq moem- 1975 wels Seiqmna regionuli ganviTarebis evropuli
gzavrebian aristokratiuli adamianebi evropidan da fondi keTildReobis sxvadasxva doneze myof regionTa
sxva qveynebidan. Tanamedrove etapze rekreaciuli faq- ganviTarebis donis gamoTanabrebis programebis dasa-
tori mniSvnelovan gavlenas axdens bevri raionisa da finanseblad. evrokavSiris farglebSi CamorCenili
qveynis meurneobis teritoriuli da dargobrivi struq- qveynebisa da regionebis ricxvs ganekuTvneba saberZne-
turis Camoyalibebaze. zogierT qveyanaSi turizmidan Ti, italiis samxreTi, portugalia da irlandia.
miRebuli Semosavlebi gaxda maTi mTliani Sida pro- qveynebsa da regionebs Soris finansuri saSualebe-
duqciis ganmsazRvreli muxli. bis ganawilebis dros mwarmoebluri midgomis gamo-
ricxvisa da CamorCenil regionTa gamovlenis mizniT,
evrokavSirma SeimuSava maCvenebelTa sistema, romelTac
Sps. `forma”, Tbilisi, 2008, gv. _ 46. ganekuTvneba umuSevrobis done, Semosavlebi mosaxleo-
193 194
bis erT sulze, soflis meurneobisa da mrewvelobis turulad sust rgolebad. aqve aRsaniSnavia is garemoe-
depresiul dargTa produqciis wili mTliani Sida bac, rom agraruli turizmi evropaSi ganekuTvneba tu-
produqciis moculobaSi. rizmis popularul saxeobaTa ricxvs. amitom am mimar-
regionuli ganviTarebis evropuli fondi finansur TulebiT finansebi SeiZleba gamoyos soflis meurneo-
daxmarebas uwevs problemur regionebs axali samrewve- bis orientaciisa da garantiebis fondma.
lo obieqtebis mSeneblobasa da axali samuSao adgile- evrokavSirSi realizdeba e. w. xmelTaSuazRvis in-
bis SeqmnaSi. ukanasknel wlebSi saxelmwifoTa struq- tegrirebuli programa, romlis farglebSic turistu-
turul politikaSi upirates ganviTarebas poulobs seli infrstruqturis mSeneblobasa da rekonstruqciaSi
leqciuri midgoma, romelic mimarTulia konkretuli monawileobs samxreT italiis, samxreT safrangeTisa
kompaniebis saqmianobis stimulirebaze. aseTi midgoma da saberZneTis turistuli regionebi, magram saerTo
imiT aixsneba, rom mxolod kerZo bizness SeuZlia daxmarebis struqturul fondebSi evrokavSiris sof-
efeqturad gadaWras depresiul regionTa aRorZinebis lis meurneobis orientaciisa da garantiebis fondisa
problema, ZiriTadad ara msxvili sawarmoebis mSeneb- da evropis sainvesticio bankis mier gamoyofili is fi-
lobis, aramed gadamamuSavebel dargTa mcire da saSua- nansuri rezervebi, romelic mimarTulia turizmis gan-
lo sawarmoebis amoqmedebis xarjze. viTarebaze, umniSvneloa da daxmarebis saerTo mocu-
regionuli ganviTarebis evropuli fondis garda, lobaSi is Seadgens Sesabamisad 5- da 9%-s. evropis fe-
regionuli problemebis gadaWraze zrunaven sxva soci- deraciuli rezervebis wili turistuli regionebis
aluri institutebic, mag., iseTebi, rogoricaa: evropis daxmarebis saerTo moculobaSi Seadgens 80%-s.
socialuri fondi, soflis meurneobis orientaciisa evropis sainvesticio banki Seiqmna sainvesticio
da garantiebis fondi, TevzWeris mxardamWeri fondi kreditebiTa da sesxebiT struqturulad sustad ganvi-
da a. S. unda aRiniSnos, rom ukanasknel aTwleulSi ev- Tarebul regionebze daxmarebis mizniT. am tipis daxma-
ropul regionul politikaSi aSkarad aklia turistu- reba warimarTa, turistuli TvalsazrisiT, mimzidvel
li politikis Semadgeneli komponenti. turistuli in- regionebSi mcire da saSualo sastumroebis aSenebis
dustriis mxardaWerisaTvis SemoaqvT iseTi finansuri mizniT. cnobilia, rom am bankis mier gamoyofili dax-
instrumentebi, rogoricaa: dotacia evropuli fondebi- mareba xels uwyobda evropis istoriuli qalaqebis
dan, evropis sainvesticio bankis sesxebi da sxva. yvela qselis turistuli mimzidvelobis zrdas. es
turistulma industriam SeiZleba Seasrulos fi- subsidiebi warimarTa Tematuri parkebis Seqmnaze,
nansuri daxmarebis roli personalis ganaTlebisa da wylis xarisxis amaRlebaze, narCenebis Semcirebaze, sa-
kvalifikaciis amaRlebis sferoSi, radganac stumarTa napiroebis da tyis masivebis dacvaze. yvelaferi es
mzardi pretenziuli moTxovna zrdis samuSao Zalis xels uwyobs calkeuli adgilebis turistuli mimzid-
kvalifikaciis mimarT wayenebul standartebs. evrokav- velobis zrdas. zemoT ganxiluli finansuri instru-
Sirma SeiZleba daxmareba gauwios sasoflo-sameurneo mentebis garda, evrokavSirSi turizmis ganviTarebis
regionebs. xSirad, damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis Zie- stimulirebis mizniT realizdeba e. w. iniciativebi,
baSi, swored agraruli raionebi gadaiqcevian struq- romelTac ewodeba moqmedebis programebi. mTeli rigi
195 196
programebi miznad isaxavs regionuli problemebis ga- rivi, lokaluri problemebis gadasaWrelad. ase maga-
daWrasa da turistuli saqmianobis ganviTarebas. mag., liTad, nepalis teritoriaze mdebare samTo kurorteb-
samrewvelo regionTa mxardaWeris programaSi domini- ze dasasveneblad Casul yovel turists eZleva mniS-
rebs mompovebeli mrewveloba, romelic ganicdis vnelovani SeRavaTi. sazRvris gadmokveTaze dawesebu-
struqturul umuSevrobas. li gadasaxadis nacvlad ganixileba yovel sofelSi
ganTavsebis gadasaxadis SemoRebis sakiTxi.
sainteresoa foto da turistul modelTa gamoye-
turizmi, rogorc depresiuli raionebis nebis praqtikuli gamocdileba egzotikur qveynebSi.
ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtori igi bevrad ufro metad sasargeblo aRmoCnda, vidre na-
dirobis dros an kvebis mizniT cxovelebis daxocva.
analogiurad realizdeba sazRvrispira regionebis magaliTad, afrikis qveynebis umravlesobaSi zooparkis
TanamSromlobis mxardaWeris, turistul regionTa ga- erT loms yovelwliurad moaqvs saSualod 27 aTasi
remo pirobebis gaumjobesebisa da sxva programebi. am- dolaris odenobiT mogeba, xolo spiloebs ki_610 aTa-
rigad, evropuli Tanamegobrobis qveynebSi turizmi ga- si dolari. es maCveneblebi aramarto mniSvnelovnad
nixileba, rogorc CamorCenil da depresiul dargTa aWarbebs lomisa da spilos gamokvebisaTvis gaweul
ekonomikuri zrdis ZiriTadi alternativa. amitom igi danaxarjebs, aramed igi ekonomikurad amarTlebs am
mxardaWerilia saxelmwifo doneze. saxelmwifo mxar- cxovelTa aRdgena-dacvis mizniT danaxarjebis gaweva-
daWera gamoixateba imaSi, rom turebis momsaxurebisaT- sac.
vis saWiro satransporto danaxarjebisa da bunebisad- rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, turizmi gamoiyeneba dep-
mi miyenebuli zaralis Sesamcireblad saWiroa moxdes resiul mdgomareobaSi myofi udaburi, Waobiani da
rekreaciul zonebSi maTi yofnis vadis gaxangrZlive- sxva teritoriebis ganviTarebis mizniTac. am Tvalsaz-
ba.1 risiT mniSvnelovania alJirisa da monRoleTis udab-
ganviTarebad qveynebSic acnobiereben agreTve im noebSi turis organizebis gamocdilebis gaTvaliswine-
upiratesobas, romelic dakavSirebulia turizmis gan- ba. swored turizmis xarjze viTardeba eqstremalur
viTarebasTan, kerZod CamorCenili dargebis mxardaWe- raionTa qalaqebi. mag., argentinaSi erovnuli nakrZale-
risaTvis, magram upirveles yovlisa, aq ar arsebobs bis daTvalierebisa da myinvarwverTa dalaSqvris xar-
koordinirebuli regionuli politika, maT Soris tu- jze. Sedegad wlidan wlamde am qveynis depresiul rai-
rizmis sferoSic. amitom turistuli saqmianobis ganvi- onTa qalaqebi farTovdeba, raTa miiRos turistebis
Tarebis Sedegad miRebul upiratesobas ZiriTadad iye- mzardi nakadi. turistebi ase Sors moemgzavrebian imi-
neben adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis organoebi, rom- saTvis, rom daaTvalieron yinulovani mwvervalebi.
lidanac miRebul Semosavlebs isini iyeneben adgilob- samwuxarod bevr mravalerovan saxelmwifoSi jer
kidev ar aris is makoordinirebeli organo, romelic
dakavebuli iqneba regionuli problemebis gadaWriT.
1metreveli m. turizmi da garemos dacva. gamomcemloba `forma”, es problemebi ZiriTadad vlindeba samecniero-kvlevi-
Tbilisi, 2008, gv. _ 156.
197 198
Ti organizaciebis mier Catarebuli gamokvlevebis Se- rizmis ganviTarebis xarjze, samTo-saTxilamuro spor-
degad. erT-erT aseT samecniero-kvleviT instituts, tis perspeqtivebic.
romelic dakavebulia regionuli ganviTarebis kom- amgvarad, ekospecializirebuli qalaqebis dagegma-
pleqsuri problemebis SeswavliT, warmoadgens sawar- rebis dros xSirad ar gaiTvaliswineba mosaxleobis
moo ZalTa Semswavleli sabWo. raionebis dayofa, so- mier dasvenebasTan dakavSirebiT gamoxatuli moTxovne-
cialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis donis mixedviT, xde- bi da uflebebi. aseTi qalaqebi SeiZleba aRmocendes
ba iseTi maCveneblebis Sesabamisad, rogoricaa: erTob- velur bunebaSi, romlis siaxloves organizebuli
livi regionuli produqti, mrewvelobis, soflis meur- erovnuli parkebi SeiZleba gadaiqces am qalaqTa ganvi-
neobis, sainvesticio mimzidvelobis ganviTarebisa da Tarebis xelSemwyob damatebiT faqtorad. adre Tu gvi-
umuSevrobis done. am tipis qveynebSi jer kidev ar gaan yoveli qveyana iZulebuli gaxdeba integrirdes sa-
nixileba erovnul doneze turizmis, rogorc regionu- erTaSoriso sarkinigzo transportis erTian sistemaSi.
li ganviTarebis prioritetuli dargis ganviTareba. es transkontinentalurma eqspresebma SeiZleba gadakve-
imiT aris gamowveuli, rom isini saTanadod ver acno- Tos naklebad dasaxlebuli raionebi. sarkinigzo qse-
biereben turistuli saqmianobis ganviTarebidan miRe- li da misi mimdebare teritoria SeiZleba mniSvnelo-
bul sargebels. vanwilad gadaiqces qveynis fasadis srulyofis faqto-
magram aq aucileblad unda aRiniSnos kidev erTi rad. eWvs ar iwvevs is garemoeba, rom Zveli qalaqebis
garemoeba _ es aris investiciebis ukmarisoba. didi tu- infrastruqturis ganaxlebam SeiZleba damatebiTi im-
ristuli potencialis mqone nebismieri qveynis CamorCe- pulsi SesZinos turizmis ganviTarebas depresul regi-
nil raionebs gaaCnia Zveli kulturis SenarCunebisadmi onebSi.
midrekileba. es tendenciebi SeimCneva msxvil qalaqebsa igive problemebis winaSe dgas saqarTveloc, rom-
da regionul centrebSic. bevria iseTi qalaqi, romel- lis istoriis formirebaSi, odiTganve monawileobdnen
sac gaaCnia saerTo depresiis aSkarad gamoxatuli niS- mTeli rigi mcire da saSualo qalaqebi, isini didi
nebi. am tipis qalaqebSi momsaxurebis sferoSi ganxor- odenobiT floben istoriul-kulturul memkvidreobas.
cielebuli samewarmeo saqmianoba ZiriTadad atarebs Cveni qveyana dgas rkinigzis sistemis ganaxlebis auci-
epizodur xasiaTs, radgan aqtiuri servisis ganviTare- leblobis winaSe. saqarTveloSic dgas mZafrad mcire
bisTvis am qalaqebSi ar arsebobs obieqturi socia- da saSualo sawarmoTa ganviTarebis problema. bevri
lur-ekonomikuri winapirobebi. adgilobrivi mcxovreb- maTgani ganicdis saxsrebis ukmarisobas, ris gamoc isi-
ni sargebloben momsaxurebis mxolod im saxeebiT, rom- ni kargaven kvalificirebul muSaxels.
lebic SemorCa Zveli periodisagan, an dakavebulni ari-
an TviTmomsaxurebiT _ inarCuneben kerZo, sakuTrebaSi
arsebul meurneobas, bazarze gaaqvT sasoflo-sameur-
neo produqciis mcire partia da a. S. gasagebia, rom
aseT adgilebSi garTulebulia saerTaSoriso turiz-
mis ganviTareba. agreTve arsebobs, saerTaSoriso tu-
199 200
turizmi, rogorc sasoflo, sazRvrispira da buls sTavazoben is fermebi, romelTac gaaCniaT ~er-
axali dasaxlebis raionTa ganviTarebis TvaSliani” rangi, xolo bevrad ufro komfortuli
xelSemwyobi faqtori dasvenebis pirobebis SeTavazebis SemTxvevaSi fermas
eZleva or-, `sam-, òTx- an ~xuTvaSliani” statusi.
turizmi, rogorc sazRvrispira raionebis ganviTa-
agraruli turizmi SeiZleba gadaiqces sasoflo
rebis faqtori. termini _ ~sazRvrispira regioni” gu-
raionebis ganviTarebis faqtorad. igi warmoadgens ag-
lisxmobs imas, rom masSi Semavali teritoriebi ganic-
roekonomikis sferos tradiciul Semadgenel nawils.
dian saxelmwifo sazRvrebis mniSvnelovan gavlenas.
agraruli turizmis ganviTarebam mniSvnelovnad gan-
sazRvrispira raionebSi saerTaSo-riso turizmis ganvi-
sazRvra adgilobrivi mosaxleobis dasaqmebis perspeq-
Tarebis xelSemwyob erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtors
tiva da sameurneo saqmianobidan garkveuli mogehis mi-
warmoadgens ekonomikur TeoriaSi cnobili ~fasobrivi
Rebis SesaZlebloba. 1970-iani wlebis Semdeg agrotu-
diskriminaciis” efeqti, rodesac erTsa da imave saqo-
rizmi msoflio praqtikaSi gamoeyo calke dargad. ev-
nels sxvadasxva adgilSi sTavazoben sxvadasxva fasad.
ropelebi agrarul turizms aviTareben gastronomiuli
ase magaliTad, avstriis sazRvrispira raionebis
turebiTa da TavianTi Rvinis damzadebis tradiciebis
mcxovrebni, sadac saqonelsa da momsaxurebaze dawese-
demonstrirebiT. agraruli turizmis ganviTarebis spe-
buli fasebi bevrad ufro maRalia, vidre mezobel
cifikad SeiZleba CaiTvalos iseTi qvedargebis ganvi-
slovakeTSi, xSirad asruleben Sop- (savaWro) turebs
Tareba, rogoricaa mrewvelobis bazaze amoqmedebuli
bratislavaSi. amis meore magaliTia axlo aRmosavle-
sasoflo-sameurneo dargebi. cnobilia, rom msgavsi
Tis regioni. sazRvrispira vaWroba am raionebSi mniS-
praqtika farTod ganviTarda yofil iugoslaviaSi, ka-
vnelovnad uwyobs xels turizmis ganviTarebas, rac
nadasa da avstriaSi. es perspeqtiva gaaCnia saqarTve-
Tavis mxriv, udides gavlenas axdens sabazro infras-
losac. aRsaniSnavia, rom nadiroba Cvens qveyanaSi SeiZ-
truqturis ganviTarebaze.
leba gadaiqces damatebiTi Semosavlis miRebis wyarod,
TavianTi geopolitikuri mdebareobis upiratesobis
radganac bevri turisti Semodis qveyanaSi nadirobis
realizebis mizniT skandinaviis qveynebma da ruseTis
mizniT. agraruli turizmi SeiZleba ganviTardes meTev-
federaciam skandinaviis naxevarkunZulze daaarses Ta-
zeobis safuZvelzec.
visufali turistuli zonebi: eqvsi turistuli sofe-
agroturizmis erT-erT nairsaxeobas warmoadgens
li. sazRvrispira raionebSi turizmis ganviTarebaze
fermerul ojaxebSi dasveneba. msgavsi praqtika cnobi-
moqmed sxva mniSvnelovan faqtorebs ganekuTvneba uni-
lia slovakeTSi. aq moqmedebs ~turistul fermerTa
kaluri turistuli resursebis arseboba, romlis Ses-
asociacia”, romelic aerTianebs 230 fermerul meurne-
wavlac SesaZlebelia mezobeli qveynis sazRvrispira
obas. isini gamoiyeneba turizmis organizebisaTvis. Tu
raionidan mogzaurobis mxolod dasrulebis Semdeg.
sastumros xarisxis serTificireba xdeba varskvlave-
mag., murmanskis mxaridan turistuli marSrutebi tar-
bis Sesabamisad, maSin turistul fermaTa momsaxurebis
deba CrdiloeT norvegiaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom sazR-
xarisxi fasdeba ~vaSlebiT”. servisis sabaziso, kre-
201 202
vrispira raionebSi turizmis ganviTareba warmoadgens toriebze, farulad moicavs bunebrivi garemos dabinZu-
evrokavSiris qveynebis regionuli politikis obieqts. rebis safrTxes. masobrivi ekoturizmis zonebSi eko-
sazRvrispira raionebis ganviTarebaze turistuli logiuri problemebis gadaWris mniSvnelovan faqtors
nakadebis gavlenis zrdis Sesaxeb mowmobs agreTve is warmoadgens nakrZalebis da erovnuli parkebis priva-
faqtic, rom statistikur monacemTa Tanaxmad, mogzau- tizacia. turistebis mier, am tipis turistuli adgile-
robis mniSvnelovani nawili xorcieldeba mocemuli bis daTvalierebaze dawesebuli gadasaxadebis adminis-
qveynis swored mosazRvre saxelmwifoebSi. sxvadasxva trirebis Sedegad, miRebuli Semosavlebi SeiZleba mi-
(maT Soris turistuli) motiviT sazRvris gadamkveT marTuli iqnes bunebrivi garemo-pirobebis dacva-gaum-
moqalaqeTa raodenobis mixedviT, loderobs mosazRvre jobesebaze. aseTi praqtika ukve didi xania farTod ga-
qveynebi. moiyeneba mTel rig qveynebSi (magaliTad, ekvadoris
turizmi, rogorc axali dasaxlebis raionTa ganvi- erovnuli parki, kosta-rikis erovnuli parki da a. S.).
Tarebis faqtori. nebismieri qveynisaTvis, turistebis garemos dacvis interesebTan masobrivi ekoturiz-
saerTaSoriso migraciis moculobis TvalsazrisiT, mis upiratesobis dakavSirebis kidev erT mniSvnelovan
partniorTa pirvel aTeulSi lideroben masTan saerTo saSualebas warmoadgens erovnul parkebsa da nakrZa-
sazRvris mqone saxelmwifoebi. axaldasaxlebul, ~pio- lebSi energiis aratradiciuli, ganaxlebadi wyaroebis
ner”, CamorCenil (sustadganviTarebul) raionebs gane- da sxva ekologiurad usafrTxo teqnologiebis gamoye-
kuTvneba is teritoriebi, romelTac gaaCniaT, rogorc neba. amgvarad, kosta-rikaSi manuela antonios erovnul
wesi, mniSvnelovani bunebriv-resursuli potenciali, parkSi gamoiyeneba mzis energia, gzebis nacvlad dapro-
magram maTi ekonomikis teritoriul-dargobrivi struq- eqtebulia miwidan zemoT wamoweuli xidebi. amitom tu-
tura mxolod axlad Camoyalibebis stadiaSia. xelux- ristebi xelaxla iTxoven parkSi dasasveneblad Camos-
lebeli bunebis arsebobis gaTvaliswinebiT, am raio- vlas.
nebSi maTi Tanamedrove ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan faq- CamorCenili, sustadganviTarebuli raionebi gaaCnia
torad SeiZleba gadaiqces dReisaTvis popularuli saqarTvelosac, ris gamoc 1990-iani wlebidan moyole-
ekologiuri turizmi, romelic mimarTulia adgilob- buli masobrivad daiwyo am raionebidan mosaxleobis
rivi infrastruqturis ganviTarebaze. ugandis erT-er- emigracia. Sedegad zogierTi sofeli saerTod daica-
Tma fermerma axlomdebare nakrZalSi gorilis Cvene- la macxovreblebisagan. Tanamedrove etapze turistu-
basTan dakavSirebuli turizmis axloperiodis bumis li proeqtebis soflad realizaciis perspeqtivam SeiZ-
Sesaxeb saubris dros ase aRniSna Tavisi mogeba: `Cven leba aRadginos aq ekonomikuri aqtiuroba. amis sauke-
verasdros warmovidgendiT, rom iseT cxovels, rogo- Teso magaliTia Rvinis turebis organizeba qedis rai-
ric am jiSis maimunia, SeeZlo gamxdariyo fulis miRe- onSi. amrigad, turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis Sedegad
bis aseTi didi wyaro. axla isini ukve afinanseben
Cvens skolebs”.
amasTan erTad, naklebad dasaxlebul adgilebSi
ekoturizmis ganviTareba, gansakuTrebiT dacul teri-
203 204
SeiZleba dafinansdes kulturuli RonisZiebani, agreT- gacnobis programebi. magaliTad, safrangeTSi samdina-
ve moxdes bunebrivi resursebis dacva da movla. 1 reo kruizebis organizeba xdeba aramarto evropis sa-
xelmwifoTa mimarTulebiT, aramed sxva kontinenteb-
zec: magaliTad, afrikis mimarTulebiT, CrdiloeT ame-
rikaSi, samxreT amerikasa da aziaSi. sazRvao da samdi-
turizmi, rogorc ekonomikuri integraciisa da
nare kruizebi srulyofen turistul infrastruqturas
globalizaciis gamomwvevi faqtori zRvisa da mdinareebis auzebSi, biZgs aZleven Zveli, pa-
tara portebis ganviTarebas, xels uwyoben axali tu-
turizmi, rogorc sazRvao da samdinare auzebis ristuli marSrutebis Camoyalibebas.
ganviTarebis xelSemwyobi faqtori. ukanasknel wlebSi regionuli integraciisa da globalizaciis roli
erT-erT, yvelaze dinamiurad ganviTarebad bazars war- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi. integraciulma
moadgens samdinare da sazRvao kruizebi. sazRvao kru- procesebma yvelaze adre daiwyo ganviTareba swored
izebis bazris zrda daiwyo 1970-iani wlebis SuaSi. uka- evropaSi. qveynis ekonomikuri integracia makroekonomi-
nasknel aTwleulSi aRmocenda ramdenime sakruizo re- kur regionTa konkurentunarianobisa da stabilurobis
gioni, romelic mdebareobs ganviTarebul saxelmwifo- amaRlebis mniSvnelovani faqtoria. rogorc wesi, in-
Ta axlos: baltiisa da xmelTaSua zRvebTan, Crdilo- tegracia, erovnuli sazRvrebis meSveobiT, amkvidrebs
eT evropaSi, wynari okeanis samxreT nawilSi mdebare saqonlis, kapitalis da samuSao Zalis Tavisuflad ga-
kunZulebTan, aliaskaSi, meqsikaSi, havaisTan, karibis daadgilebis princips. amgvarad integracia, proteqcio-
auzSi da sxvagan. ucxoeTSi, sazRvao sakruizo bizne- nistuli barierebis moxsnisa da xarjebis Semcirebis
sis ganviTarebis mxriv, mowinave poziciebze gasvlas gziT, amaRlebs mocemuli regionis saqonlisa da mom-
cdiloben samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebi. saxurebis konkurentunarianobas. cxadia, rom socia-
unda aRiniSnos, rom Tanamedrove etapze msoflio lur-ekonomikuri integracia da saerTaSoriso turiz-
satransporto sistemaSi samdinare transporti iTvle- mi ganixileba, rogorc urTierTdakavSirebuli da Se-
ba erT-erT sustad ganviTarebul saSualebad. amasTan mavsebeli komponentebi. mZlavri turistuli nakadebi
dakavSirebiT kruizebis am saxeobam SeeZleba mniSvne- saSualebas aZlevs rekreaciul zonebs, turistebis mo-
lovnad gamoacocxlon wylis transportis muSaoba. zidvis xarjze, isargeblon sxva saxelmwifoTa finan-
samdinareo kruizebi TandaTan xdeba mgzavrobis popu- sebiT. saganmanaTleblo turizmi saSualebas aZlevs
laruli saxeoba. man sakmaod farTo gavrceleba hpova axalgazrdebs gaimyaron TavianTi progresuli pozici-
evropaSi. kerZod, samdinareo kruizi gansakuTrebiT po- ebi ucxoeTSi.
pularuli xdeba did britaneTSi, germaniaSi, avstriasa saerTaSoriso turistuli saqmianobis farglebSi
da sxva evropul qveynebSi, radganac am saxelmwifoeb- SemoRebuli wesebi xdeba integraciul procesTa erT-
Si moqmedebs turistebisaTvis provinciuli cxovrebis erTi Semadgeneli nawili. 1985 wlis 14 ivniss qalaq
SengenSi rigma evropulma qveynebma xeli moaweres sa-
erTo sazRvrebis kontrolis etapobrivad moxsnis Se-
205 206
saxeb SeTanxmebas, romlis ZiriTad mizansac warmoad- bebs, ayalibebs axal globalur sivrceSi maTi adgi-
genda integraciaSi monawile qveynebis saerTo sazR- lis ganmsazRvrel mamoZravebel Zalebs, turistul re-
vrebze mgzavrTa gadasvlis proceduris gamartiveba. gionebSi nergavs mowinave qveynebis mier miRweul siax-
1990-iani wlebis damTavrebamde ~Sengenis SeTanxmebam”, leebs.
ekonomikuri integraciis procesebis paralelurad, saerTaSoriso turizmSi CarTvis saSualeba es ara-
srulyofa ganicada, magram SemdgomSi evrokavSiris marto dasvenebis, garTobisa da kulturuli TviTmyo-
wevrma-qveynebma es xelSekruleba aqcies ZiriTad doku- fadobis SenarCunebis uflebaa, aramed saerTaSoriso
mentad, radganac qveynebis umravlesoba gaxda Sengenis turizmSi monawileobis ufleba es imavdroulad aris
kavSiris wevri saxelmwifoebi. regionuli integracie- bevrad ufro samarTliani saerTaSoriso politikuri
bis ganviTarebaze msoflio turizmis gavlenis Sesaxeb da ekonomikuri wesrigis damyarebisa da gadaadgileba--
saubrisas, SeuZlebelia ar SevexoT iseT fenomens, ro- mogzaurobis Tavisuflebis mopovebis Sansi. amrigad,
goricaa globalizacia. SeiZleba gakeTdes aseTi daskvna, rom saerTaSoriso
Tanamedrove etapze globalizacia iqca iseT gamov- turizmi xels uwyobs axali tipis sivrcobrivi kavSi-
linebad, romlis zegavleniTac XXI saukuneSi moxdeba rebis damyarebas, romelic amcirebs axali omebis, re-
kacobriobis Semdgomi evolucia. samyaros, rogorc er- gionuli konfliqtebis warmoqmnis, an gayinuli kon-
Tiani sivrcis, mowyobis obieqturi procesi ganviTarda fliqtebis gaRvivebis risks, sxvadasxva qveynis kultu-
sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. dReisaTvis samyaros globa- ruli faseulobebis da teqnologiuri miRwevebis ur-
lurma transformaciam SeiZina aqtiuri xasiaTi, xolo TierTgaziarebis xarjze, xels uwyobs maTi kulturu-
misi Sedegebis winaswarmetyveleba ki SeuZlebelia. zoli memkvidreobis gamdidrebas da ganaxlebas.
gierTi mkvlevari globalizacias ganixilavs, rogorc
mTeli rigi procesebis erTobliobas, romelTac sazo- reziume:
gadoeba urTierTkavSirSi mohyavs yvela_politikur,
ekonomikur, kulturul, socialur da sxva aspeqtSi, amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi SeiZleba ganxilu-
rac cvlis istoriuli procesebis xarisxs, masSi aya- li iqnes rogorc meurneobis iseTi dargi, romelic aq-
libebs axal Zalebsa da mimarTulebebs. tiurad izidavs investicias. investiciuri aqtivobis
Tanamedrove kulturuli globalizaciis ~agente- forma SeiZleba iyos sxvadasxvagvari. investirebis mra-
bad” iTvleba satransporto da komunikaciuri korpo- vali forma moqmedebs sastumro kompleqsis mSeneblo-
raciebi, media-saSualebebi, globaluri qselebi da ag- baSi: franCaizingi, lizingi, kontraqtis mixedviT mar-
reTve saerTaSoriso turizmi. rogoria globalizaci- Tva. turizmis sferoSi vlindeba investirebis axali
is roli saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi? erTi formebic. sastumro biznesis axal formas warmoadgens
mxriv, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebam SeiZleba e. w. meoradi rezidenciebi. saerTaSoriso turizmi Se-
xeli Seuwyos calkeuli regionisa da qveynis kultu- iZleba ganxiluli iqnes, rogorc cxovrebis xarisxis
ruli TviTmyofadobis SenarCunebas, xolo meores srulyofis faqtori. igi uzrunvelyofs adamianTa ad-
mxriv, is qmnis kulturaTa gamdidrebis SesaZleblo- gilsamyofelis Secvlisa da bevrad ufro komfortul,
207 208
mravalmxriv garemoSi maTi moxvedris SesaZleblobas, namegobrobis qveynebSi turizmi ganixileba rogorc Ca-
romelic dadebiTad moqmedebs maT socialur-fsiqolo- morCenil da depresiul dargTa ekonomikuri zrdis Zi-
giur mdgomareobaze. turistul infrastruqturaSi riTadi alternativa. turizmi gamoiyeneba udaburi te-
vlindeba kapitaldabandebis axali formebi. Tanamed- ritoriebis ganviTarebis mizniTac. didi turistuli
rove etapze swrafi tempiT viTardeba sakruizo bizne- potencialis mqone nebismieri qveynis CamorCenil raio-
si. zogierT qveyanaSi mgzavrobisas turistebs sTava- nebs gaaCnia Zveli kulturis SenarCunebisadmi midreki-
zoben ~safirmo” eqskursiebs. msoflio turizmi gamoi- leba. agraruli turizmi SeiZleba gadaiqces sasoflo
yeneba, rogorc calkeuli teritoriis ganviTarebis raionebis ganviTarebis faqtorad. agroturizmis erT-
faqtori. erT nairsaxeobas warmoadgens fermerul ojaebSi das-
jer kidev 1980 wels cnobili poloneli geografi veneba. sazRvrispira raionebSi saerTaSoriso turizmis
a. iagelski, mosaxleobis ganTavsebaze moqmed faqtoTa ganviTarebis xelSemwyob erT-erT mniSvnelovan faq-
analizis dros werda, rom ~msoflio mosaxleobis Ta- tors warmoadgens ekonomikur TeoriaSi cnobili ~fa-
namedrove ganTavsebaSi SeiZleba gamoyofil iqnes am sobrivi diskriminaciis” efeqti. mogzaurobis mniSvne-
procesze moqmedi Semdegi sami ZiriTadi faqtori: bu- lovani nawili xorcieldeba mosazRvre saxelmwifoTa
nebrivi garemos, mrewvelobis ganviTarebisa da saerTa- farglebSi. naklebad dasaxlebul adgilebSi ekotu-
Soriso sazRvao gadazidvebis roli”. CamorCenili da rizmis ganviTareba, gansakuTrebiT dacul teritorieb-
depresiuli raionebis warmoqmna SeiZleba aixsnas mra- ze, farulad moicavs bunebrivi garemos dabinZurebis
vali mizeziT: zogierTi raioni mdebareobs Rarib, gan- saSiSroebas. garemos dacvis interesebTan masobrivi
viTarebad qveynebSi da xasiaTdeba adgilobrivi mosax- ekoturizmis upiratesobis dakavSirebis kidev erT
leobis socialuri problemebiT. regionuli ganviTare- mniSvnelovan saSualebas warmoadgens erovnul parkeb-
bis doneTa gamoTanabreba da CamorCenil an depresiul sa da nakrZalebSi energiis aratradiciuli, ganaxleba-
mdgomareobaSi myof raionTa stimulireba warmoadgens di wyaroebisa da sxva ekologiurad usafrTxo teqno-
civilizebuli qveynebis socialur-ekonomikuri poli- logiebis gamoyeneba. ukanasknel wlebSi erT-erT yve-
tikis ganuyofel nawils. qveynebsa da regionebs Soris laze dinamiurad ganviTarebad bazars warmoadgens sam-
finansuri saxsrebis ganawilebis dros, mwarmoebluri dinare da sazRvao kruizebi.
midgomis gamoricxvisa da CamorCenil regionTa gamov- saerTaSoriso turistuli saqmianobis farglebSi
lenis mizniT, evrokavSirma SeimuSava maCvenebelTa sis- SemoRebuli wesebi xdeba integraciul procesTa erT-
tema, romelTac ganekuTvneba umuSevrobis done, Semo- erTi Semadgeneli nawili. saerTaSoriso turizmSi
savlebi mosaxleobis erT sulze, soflis meurneobisa qveynis CarTvis SesaZlebloba es aris aramarto dasve-
da mrewvelobis depresiul dargTa produqciis wili nebis, garTobisa da kulturuli TviTmyofadobis Se-
mTliani Sida produqciis saerTo moculobaSi. narCunebis uflebaa, aramed es aris saerTaSoriso tu-
turistulma industriam SeiZleba Seasrulos finan- rizmidan garkveuli sargeblis miRebis saSualebac.
suri daxmarebis roli personalis ganaTlebisa da kva- turizmi ganxileba rogorc sazogadoebis interesebis
lifikaciis amaRlebis miznis miRwevaSi. evropuli Ta- Sesabamisad bunebis komercializaciis faqtori.
209 210
ZiriTadi terminologia: Tavi 6.
- ~safirmo” eqskursia;
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis per-
- sazRvrispira turistuli regioni; speqtivebi
- turizmis ~fasobrivi diskriminaciis” efeqti
- samdinare da sazRvao kruizebi. turizmis msoflio organizaciam 1995 wels warmo-
adgina moxseneba ~turizmi: panorama 2020”, sadac gake-
testebi: Tebulia 25 wliani prognozi. am prognozis kanonzomie-
rebas ZiriTad tendenciebSi emorCileba saerTaSoriso
1. turistebis mogzaurobaze moqmedi faqtoria: turizmis ganviTarebis amJamindeli (17 wlis Semdgomi)
a) bunebrivi garemo; dinamikac ki. miuxedavad imisa, rom saerTaSoriso tu-
b) sworia a), g) da d) pasuxebi; rizmis ganviTareba mimdinareobs prognozirebuli ten-
g) saerTaSoriso sazRvao gadazidvebi; denciebisagan garkveuli gadaxrebiT, aRniSnuli orga-
d) mrewvelobis ganviTareba; nizacia kvlav agrZelebs muSaobas grZelvadian prog-
nozebze, romlis Tanaxmadac prognozirebis meTodika-
2. rio-de-JaneiroSi, florasa da faunas dacvis Sesa- Si momxdari fuZemdebluri struqturuli cvlilebebi
xeb, saerTaSoriso konferencia Catarda: ar cvlis gamokvlevebis realur Sedegebs.
a) 1989 wels; b) 2002 wels; turizmis msoflio organizaciis eqspertTa Tval-
g) 1982 wels; d) 1992 wels. sazrisiT, 2020 wlisaTvis turizmi gacilebiT ufro
met masStabebs SeiZens, vidre iyo XX saukunis bolos.
3. turizmis sferoSi moRvawe TeoretikosTa Tvalsaz- Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiuli gan-
risiT, turizmma gamoiwvia: viTarebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani tendencia iqneba
a) stumarTmaspinZlobis tradiciis komercializa- tur-produqtze fasebis zrda. Semosavlebis mixedviT
cia; turistuli industria aRmoCndeba pirvel adgilze,
b) bunebaTsargeblobis komercializacia; romelic gaaswrebs navTobmompovebel da avtomobile-
g) agraruli seqtoris komercializacia; bis mwarmoebel dargebsac ki. agreTve gaizrdeba, tu-
d) industrializaciis komercializacia; ristuli TvalsazrisiT, ganviTarebuli qveynebis ke-
TildReobac. turizmis msoflio organizaciis eqsper-
4. sazRvrispira raionebSi saerTaSoriso turizmis gan- tTa prognozis Tanaxmad, 2020 wlisTvis mosalodnelia
viTarebis xelSemwyob erT-erT mniSvnelovan faq- evropis Semdeg, saerTaSoriso turizmis mimarTulebis
tors warmoadgens: popularobis mixedviT, meore adgili daikavos aRmosav-
a) snobis efeqti; b) linderis efeqti; leT aziisa da wynari okeanis regionma.
g) ~fasobrivi diskriminaciis” efeqti;
d) sworia a), b) da g) pasuxebi.
211 212
saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiuli relaciis done. swored saerTaSoriso turizmi Seqmnis
ganviTarebis mimarTulebani damatebiT moTxovnas adgilobriv nawarmze. ekonomikis
rigi dargebi (kvebis produqtebis warmoeba, frinvele-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis (tmo-is) mier ga- bis gamozrda, mSenebloba da a. S.) korelaciaSi Seva
keTebul, turizmis ganviTarebis prognozSi gansazR- turizmTan. 1
vrulia XXI saukunis turizmis yvelaze perspeqtuli momavalSi kidev ufro amaRldeba eko-turizmis ro-
mimarTulebebi. kerZod, 2020 wlisaTvis savaraudod li. gaumjobesdeba turistuli infrastruqtura. Tanam-
msoflios yvelaze popularuli turistuli saxeebi gzavruli kavSirebis gamoyenebiT, kavSirgabmulobis
gaxdeba: saTavgadasavlo-ekologiuri, kulturul-Se- sferoSi miRweuli progresi xels Seuwyobs mudmivi
mecnebiTi, Tematuri da sakruizo turebi. amasTan er- mobiluri kavSirebis damyarebas. Seiqmneba erTiani sa-
Tad, SeiZleba gamoiyos is faqtorebic, romlebic sava- informacio-sakomunikacio qseli, riTac gaumjobesdeba
raudod imoqmedeben momavalSi saerTaSoriso turizmis turistebis adgilmdebareobis dadgena. mniSvnelovnad
ganviTarebaze. kerZod, mas SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT Ziri- gaiafdeba kavSirgabmulobis saSualebebi. igi xelmisaw-
Tadi geografiuli marSrutebidan Zalze daSorebuli vdomi gaxdeba rigiTi moqalaqeebisaTvis. samomavlod
adgilebi, wynari okeanis samxreTiT mdebare kunZulebi, kavSirgabmulobis fasebi kidev Semcirdeba. ama Tu im
seismuri aqtivoba, epidemiebi, xmeleTsa da kunZulebze qveynis erovnul ekonomikaSi turizmis adgilis da ro-
mtacebeli cxovelebis, zRvebsa da okeaneSi ki – zvige- lis gansazRvrisaTvis, saWirod migvaCnia, gamoyenebuli
nebis arseboba da sxva saSiSroebani. iqnes tur-produqciis warmoebis moculobis Sefardeba
miuxedavad imisa, rom Tanamedrove etapze gaizarda mTliani Sida produqciis saerTo moculobasTan. saer-
turizmiT ganviTarebuli qveynebis Semosavlebi, saer- TaSoriso turizmi mniSvnelovan gavlenas moaxdens
TaSoriso turizmis strategiul ganviTarebas mainc qveynis erovnul Semosavlebsa da ekonomikur zrdaze.
Seaferxebs iseTi faqtorebi, rogoricaa: ganviTarebad ucxoeli turistebi, adgilobrivi produqciis moxmare-
qveynebSi gamefebuli samoqalaqo omebi, ekonomikuri biT, ~iribad” moaxdenen turistuli produqciis eq-
vardna, saerTaSoriso terorizmi da a. S. Tanamedrove sports, riTac xels Seuwyoben misi warmoebis mocu-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erTi ZiriTa- lobis zrdas.
di tendencia iqneba mecnierul-teqnikuri progresis ucxoeli turistebi, adgilobrivi produqciis mox-
xarjze turistuli industriis Semdgomi ganviTareba marebiT, xels Seuwyoben damatebiTi samuSao adgilebis
da Sesabamisad turistebis usafrTxoebis donis amaR- Seqmnas. radganac turistebis migraciis wminda saldo
leba. es kidev ufro Seamcirebs turistul risk-faqto- SeiZleba iyos rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi, ami-
rebs. mecnierul-teqnikuri progresi kidev ufro aamaR- tom gare turistebis migracia uSualo gavlenas moax-
lebs turizmis rols mTlian msoflio meurneobaSi, dens qveynis ekonomikur aRmavlobaze. qveyana daintere-
gazrdis turistuli produqciis xvedriT wils ganvi-
Tarebadi qveynebis mTlian Sida produqciaSi. kidev uf- 1 www. revolution.allbest.ru/. Международный туризм: понятие, состояние,
ro gaizrdeba ekonomikis sxva dargebTan turizmis ko- классификация и перспективы развития.
213 214
sebuli unda iyos mis partnior saxelmwifoTa ekonomi- turizmis msoflio organizaciis prognozis Tanax-
kuri aRmavlobiT, radganac movaWre qveynis Semosavle- mad, 2020 wlisTvis, Tanamedrove monacemebTan Sedare-
bis zrda gamoiwvevs misi mosaxleobis msyidvelunaria- biT, turistebis saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis ricxvi Se-
nobisa da Sesabamisad maTi moqalaqeebis turistuli adgens 1,56 mlrd kacs, xolo maT mier turistuli das-
motiviT emigraciis (anu maT mier Cveni qveynis produq- venebisa da garTobisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxa ki _ 1,875
ciis gasaRebis moculobis) zrdas. areulobisa da eko- trln dolars, e. i. momsaxurebis am segmentidan miRe-
logiuri garemos gauaresebis SiSiT, ucxoel, gansxva- buli Semosavlebic gaizrdeba minimum 2-jer, radganac
vebuli tradiciebis mqone turistebTan damatebiTi gaizrdeba agreTve erT mogzaurobaze erTi turistis
konfliqtebis Tavidan acilebis motivze dayrdnobiT mier gaweuli danaxarji 707 dolaridan 1248 dolaram-
Tu qveynis xelisufleba SezRudavs turistebis imigra- de. zrdis yvelaze maRali tempebia mosalodneli aRmo-
cias, amiT igi SezRudavs produqciis eqsports, daakni- savleT aziasa da wynari okeanis qveynebSi. rogorc
nebs adgilobriv warmoebas. amis sapasuxod, partnior cxr. VI. 1-dan Cans, uaxloes aTwleulSi turizmis dar-
qveyanasac SeuZlia gaataros sapirispiro RonisZiebebi, gi gansakuTrebiT ganviTardeba aziis regionSi, kerZod,
amiT daingreva, rogorc orive qveynis turistuli in- ki CineTSi, hon-kongsa da laTinuri amerikis qveyanaSi_
dustria, ise mTlianad saerTaSoriso turizmi. turis- meqsikaSi. saerTaSoriso turizmis analiziT dakavebu-
tuli produqti, romelic warsdgeba bazarze, monawi- li eqspertebis gaTvlebiT, 2020 wlisTvis am sferoSi
leobs internacionaluri Rirebulebis formirebaSi. dasaqmebuli iqneba daaxloebiT 300 mln adamiani, rac
cxrili # VI. 1. iqneba imdroindeli mosaxleobis daaxloebiT 8,6%. am
turizmis popularuli mimarTulebebi 2020 wlisTvis periodisaTvis turistebisaTvis yvelaze mimzidveli
(turizmis msoflio organizaciis prognozi) qveyana iqneba CineTi. turizmis msoflio organizaciis
Camosuli wili dinamika eqspertTa prognozis Tanaxmad,. uaxloesi 10 wlis gan-
qveynebi turiste- msoflio 1995 - mavlobaSi msoflio turizmis zrdis tempebi gadaaWar-
bis raode- turistul 2020 ww. bebs 4%s. varaudoben, rom XXI saukuniis 20-ian wlebSi
noba (mln) bazarze (%) sazRvao kruizebi iqneba turizmis erT-erTi popularu-
CineTi 137,1 8,6 8,0 li saxeoba aSS-Si, safrangeTSi, germaniaSi, did brita-
aSS 102,1 6,8 3,5 neTsa da sxva qveynebSi.
safrangeTi 93,3 5,8 1,8 turizmis strategiuli ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
espaneTi 71,0 4,4 2,4 siT, Zalze perspeqtiulia CineTi, romelic am mxriv
hon-kongi 59,3 3,7 7,3 aviwroebs rogorc evropas, ise amerikas. samomavlod
italia 52,9 3,3 2,2 gaizrdeba agreTve TurqeTis rolic. igi CineTTan er-
didi britaneTi 52,8 3,3 3,0 Tad, aziis regionSi Seqmnis ~turistul aminds”. am
meqsika 48,9 3,1 2,6 qveynebis turistuli gamocdileba samagaliToa sxva
wyaro: http://WWW. UNWTO.org;
turistuli centrebisaTvis (Tu surT maT uaxloesi 10
wlis ganmavlobaSi dinamiuri ganviTareba). CineTi iqne-
215 216
ba udavo lideri azia-wynari okeanis regionSi. igi ga- mln turistiT). maT Tanmimdevrulad SemdgomSi mohyve-
nuxrelad iwevs maRla msoflios sxva wamyvan turis- ba afrika, axlo aRmosavleTi da samxreT azia. progno-
tul saxelmwifoTa Soris da turistebis Casvlebis mi- zirebis Tanaxmad, azia-wynari okeanis, samxreT aziisa
xedviT, uaxlovdeba aSS-s, xolo turistuli Semosav- da afrikis regionTa yovelwliuri zrdis tempi Sead-
lebis mixedviT ki _ safrangeTs. gens saSualod 5%-s, msoflioSi 4,15%-iani saSualow-
uaxloesi aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi germania Seinar- liuri zrdis tempebis pirobebSi. am prognozis mixed-
Cunebs wamyvan pozicias turistuli msyidvelunariano- viT, turistuli TvalsazrisiT maRalganviTarebuli
bis mixedviT, romelic man waarTva aSS-s 2003 wels. un- evropisa da aziis regionebSi turistuli nakadebis
da aRiniSnos, rom am liderobis warTmeva ganapiroba zrdis tempebi msoflio saSualo maCvenebelTan Seda-
savaluto faqtorebma _dolarTan SedarebiT evros rebiT naklebi iqneba. bolo aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi
kursis gamyarebam. am mxriv, meore adgils SeinarCunebs turizmis dargSi, Semosavlebis mixedviT, evropa Sei-
aSS, mesames _didi britaneTi, xolo iaponia, safrange- narCunebs molidere pozicias, magram misi xvedriTi wi-
Ti da italia ki gainawileben Sesabamisad, meoTxe, meli 60%-dan 46%-mde Semcirdeba. turizmis ganviTareba
xuTe da meeqvse adgilebs, radganac isini arian yvela- Soreul manZilze ufro swrafi tempebiT moxdeba, vid-
ze msxvili bazrebi, saerTaSoriso turistuli xarje- re Sigaregionulze. Sesabamisad, Seicvleba Tanafardo-
bis mxriv. turistuli msyidvelunarianobis mixedviT I ba Sigaregionul turizmsa da Soreul manZilze tu-
aTeulSi bolo oTx (me-7-e, me-8-e, me-9-e, me-10-e) adgilze rizms Soris. Tu 1995 wels igi Seadgenda daaxloebiT
iqnebian CineTi, ruseTi, kanada da niderlandebi. 82-18-s 2020 wlisaTvis es maCvenebeli miuaxlovdeba 76-
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, turizmis msoflio or- 24-s. 1
ganizaciis mier 1995 wels warmodgenil moxsenebaSi _
~turizmi: panorama 2020” gakeTebulia 25 wliani prog-
nozi. miuxedavad imisa, rom 1995_2000 wlebSi saerTaSo-
saerTaSoriso turistuli industriis
riso turizmis realuri zrdis tempebi bevrad aRemate-
boda prognozirebuls, 2000-2005 wlebSi igi Secvala
ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi
ganviTarebis SedarebiT ufro dabalma tempebma. Sede-
gad 1995 wels 10 wliani prognoziri met-naklebad da- turizmis msoflio organizaciis eqspertTa progno-
emTxva 2005 wels msoflio turizmis ganviTarebis rea- zis Tanaxmad, msoflio turistuli industria Sedis
lur Sedegebs. mogzaurobisa da eqskursiebis mzardi moculobis fa-
2020 wels turistebis saerTo raodenobidan 1,18 zaSi, romelic gazrdis konkurencias mimReb qveynebsa
mlrd mova Sigaregionul turizmze, xolo 377 mln ki da regionebs Soris. amasTan erTad, ikveTeba momsaxu-
Soreul manZilze mogzaur damsveneblebze. regionebis
mixedviT, 2020 wlisaTvis sami mTavari mimRebi regioni 1.miqaSaviZe m. miqaSaviZe J. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi da
iqneba evropa (717 mln turistiT), azia-wynari okeanis perspeqtivebi. turizmis ganviTarebis socialue-ekonomikuri
regioni (397 mln turistiT) da amerikis regioni (282 problemebi. gamomcemloba `baTumis universiteti”, baTumi, 2007,
gv. _ 18-32;
217 218
rebis xarisxze kargad informirebulTa raodenoba, fil socialistur qveynebs, maTi monawileoba saerTa-
romlebic yuradRebas amaxvileben SemoTavazebuli Soriso turizmSi mkveTrad gaizrdeba da turistul
turproduqtis xarisxsa da usafrTxoebaze, msoflio industriaSi CarTvis mixedviT, isini marTlac rom ga-
turistuli bazris Semdgomi ganviTareba sul ufro daaWarbeben danarCeni qveynebis or jgufs.
damokidebulia uaxles sainformacio teqnologiebze. msoflio turizmis aRmavloba sasargeblo iqneba
saerTaSoriso turizmSi ikveTeba iseTi mniSvnelovani masSi monawile yvela mxarisaTvis. msoflio turizmis
tendenciebi, rogoricaa turistTa ganTavsebis adgile- ganviTarebis bumi gamoiwvevs turizmis industriisa da
bis zrda. turistul bazarze jgufuri tur-produqci- masTan dakavSirebuli dargebis – transportis, sof-
iT asargebleben martoxela adamianebi. lis meurneobis, mecnierebis, kulturisa da ganaTle-
turistuli industriis saerTaSoriso masStabiT bis Semdgom ganviTarebas. turistuli saqmianobis mul-
specializacia da kooperireba gamoiwvevs turistuli tiplikaciuri efeqtidan gamomdinare, igi ekonomikis im
biznesis ganviTarebasa da misi mdgradobis amaRlebas. dargebSi Seqmnis damatebiTi samuSao adgilebs, romle-
turistuli industria swored is ~integratoria”, ro- bic amaTuim doneze damokidebulni iqnebian turizmis
melmac calkeuli turistuli elementebisagan unda ga- ganviTarebaze. erT-erTi aseTi dargi iqneba transpor-
naviTaros msoflio turizmis erTiani sistema. turisti. gaizrdeba msoflio avia-gadazidvebis moculoba.
tul urTierTobaTa kanonzomierebis gamovleniT, ganvi- savaraudod 2010-2020 wlebSi es maCvenebeli yovelwli-
Tardeba msoflio turizmis kvlavwarmoebis procesi, urad ramdenime procentiT gaizrdeba. am prognozis
Camoyalibdeba turistul biznesSi calkeul saxelmwi- gaTvaliswinebiT, samomavlod turizmis seqtorSi saWi-
foTa mzardi urTierTdamokidebulebis winapirobebi. ro gaxdeba ramdenime aseuli mln dolaris Rirebule-
samamulo da ucxoel mecnier-ekonomistTa prognozebi bis, aTasobiT axali TviTmfrinavis SeZena. turizmis
imas mowmobs, rom saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare- msoflio organizaciis prognozis Tanaxmad, 2020 wli-
bis masStabebi momavalSic ganuxrelad gaizrdeba da saTvis kidev ufro gaizrdeba sazogadoebis interesi
amis safuZvelze kidev ufro daCqardeba turistebis garemos dacvisadmi.
qveynebs Soris migraciis tempi. samomavlod sul ufro gaizrdeba sazRvao gada-
didi turistuli potencialis mqone qveynebis tur- zidvebis moculoba. savaraudod 2020 wlisaTvis misi
produqcia sul ufro metad orientirebuli iqneba sa- masStabi gaormagdeba dRevandel monacemebTan Sedare-
gareo momxmarebelze, xolo adgilobrivi vizitorebi biT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmneba damatebiT moTxov-
ki _ ucxour tur-produqciaze. ganviTarebad qveynebs na aseulobiT mln dolaris Rirebulebis lainerze.
elodebaT turistuli bazris aRmavloba upiratesad uaxloesi xuTi wlis ganmavlobaSi sazRvao gadazidve-
Sida turizmis eqstensiuri ganviTarebis xarjze. ami- bis bazris gafarToebis Sedegad igegmeba 50 axali sam-
tom, maTi turistuli produqciis warmoebis sakmaod gzavro xomaldis mSenebloba. agreTve ivaraudeba ori-
maRali tempebiT ganviTarebis miuxedavad, momavalSi ginaluri turistuli wyalqveSa gemis agebac, romelic
SeiZleba moxdes saerTaSoriso turizmSi maTi xvedri- turistebs daaTvalierebinebs wyalqveSa samyaros. Sesa-
Ti wilis ramdenadme Semcireba, xolo rac Seexeba yo- bamisad, es waaxalisebs gemTmSeneblobis ganviTarebas.
219 220
saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiuli vnelovan motivs warmoadgens TviTrwmenis amaRlebisa
ganviTarebis motivatorebi da TviTgamoxatvis saSualeba. es aris e.w. saTavgadasav-
lo turebi: mwvervalebis dalaSqrva, dedamiwis garSe-
saerTaSoriso turizmis prioritetul mimarTule- mo mogzauroba, wyalqveSa nadiroba, sxvadasxva saxis
baTa formirebaze mniSvnelovan gavlenas moaxdens misi eqspediciebi da a. S. mgzavrobis stimuli agreTve SeiZ-
ganviTarebis mastimulirebeli faqtorebi. turistuli leba iyos individualuri warmoebis sferoSi nebismie-
mogzaurobis motivacia SeiZleba Sefasdes rogorc ri saqmiT dakavebis SesaZlebloba. aseTi turistebi ga-
gamgzavrebis mimarTulebis ganmsazRvreli orientiri. aumjobeseben specialur turebs (avtorbolis moyva-
bunebrivia Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: ra aiZulebs adamians rulTaTvis, sportis gulSematkivarTaTvis da a. S.).
wavides mogzaurobaSi? motivi, riTac xelmZRvanelobs saqmian turizms ganekuTvneba: SemecnebiTi, biznes-
turisti, SeiZleba iyos mravali saxis. motivi, upirve- da kongres-turebi, samecniero konferenciebsa da kon-
les yovlisa, ganisazRvreba mgzavrobis mizniT. mgzav- gresebSi monawileoba, erToblivi kvlevebisa da sac-
robis mizani SeiZleba iyos sruliad sxvadasxvagvari: del-sakonstruqtoro samuSaoebis Catareba. saerTaSo-
dasveneba, garToba, SemecnebiTi, sportuli, gamajansa- riso mogzaurobis mniSvnelovan Semadgenel komponents
Rebeli, saqmiani viziti da a. S. SeiZleba gamoiyos mog- warmoadgens kulturuli donis amaRlebis mizniT gan-
zaurobis Semdegi motivatorebi: xorcielebuli turebi. aseTnairad organizdeba cno-
janmrTelobis dacvis mizniT gamgzavreba dakavSi- bil qalaqebSi, quCebSi, istoriul da kulturul cen-
rebulia mkurnalobasTan, sazRvao-sanapiro dasvenebas- trebSi ganxorcielebuli turebi. samauwyeblo turiz-
Tan, sportul-gamajansaRebeli RonisZiebiT dakavebas- mi moicavs informaciis mopovebis an gaSuqebis, siuJe-
Tan. aseTi mogzaurobis dros gamovlindeba sportis im tis gadaRebis, komentaris CamorTmevis, Jurnalisturi
saxeebiT regularulad dakavebis SesaZlebloba, rome- gamoZiebis Catarebis da sxva RonisZiebaTa gatarebis
lic wlis ganmavlobaSi SeiZleba mxolod epizodurad mizniT ganxorcielebul mgzavrobas.
iyos miRwevadi. am dros sistemurad iReben samedicino uaxloes periodSi swrafi tempebiT ganviTardeba
procedurebs; msxvili turistuli biznesi. saerTaSoriso turizmi
ganaTlebis miRebisa da kvalifikaciis amaRlebis ganixileba meurneobis iseT dargad, romelic aqtiurad
mizniT gamgzavreba, risTvisac saWiroa gatardes Sesa- moizidavs ucxour investiciebs. maTi mozidvis motiva-
bamisi saganmanaTleblo RonisZiebebi. ucxo enebis Ses- ciis meTodebi ganisazRvreba turizmis tipebis mixed-
wavlisa da biznes-ganaTlebis miRebis (menejmentis, viT.
marketingis da sxva) mizniT unda moewyos turebi. sul mogzaurobis motivisa da organizebis saSualebe-
ufro metad hpoulobs gavrcelebas kulturuli, eko- bis mixedviT, turistebi SeiZleba klasificirdes sxva-
logiuri da sxva motiviT dagegmili turebi (xelovne- dasxva niSnis mixedviT: 1. organizebuli turistebi,
ba, ekologia da sxva); romlebic gavlenas axdenen xalxTa masebze; 2. masiuri
TviTrwmenisa da TviTgamoxatvis SesaZlebloba. turistebi, romlebic sargebloben turistuli firme-
msoflio turizmSi turis organizebis erT-erT mniS- bis momsaxurebiT winaswar dagegmili turebis mixed-
221 222
viT; 3. individualuri turistebi, romlebic iyeneben momsaxurebis teqnologiaSi kidev ufro gaizrdeba ise-
turistul infrastruqturas, magram isini damoukideb- Ti elementebis roli, rogoricaa animacia. saqmianobis
lad axdenen TavianTi mgzavrobis organizebas; 4. aseTi saxeebi uzrunvelyofen turistis fsiqologiuri
mkvlevari-turistebi, romlebic upiratesad mgzavroben mdgomareobis gaumjobesebas, srulyofen maT sulier
SemecnebiTi miznebiT; 5. umizno turistebi, romelTac mdgomareobas.
ara aqvT winaswar gansazRvruli marSruti. isini miCve- animacia uzrunvelyofs turistebis sulier gan-
ulni arian mxolod sakuTar Tavze zrunvas. tvirTvas, sasicocxlo ZalTa stimulirebas. rogorc n.
saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi samomavlod SeiZ- i. garini da i. i. bulgina aRniSnavdnen, ~rekreaciuli
leba gamovlindes misi ganviTarebis Semaferxebeli animacia TavisTavSi moicavs sulier animacias (adgi-
iseTi antimotivatorebic, rogoricaa: biurokratiuli lobriv macxovreblebTan erTad), animaciur-turistul
barierebi, sazRvarze dawesebuli sabaJo formalobani, marSrutebs, sastumro animaciebs (TamaSebs, viqtorinas
konfliqti adgilobriv mosaxleobasTan, enobrivi bari- da a. S), teqnologiuri Sesvenebis dros damatebiT ani-
eri, tur-produqciis gaZvireba, drois deficiti, jan- maciur momsaxurebas.” animatorebs, rogorc wesi, war-
mrTelobis gauareseba, mogzaurobisadmi interesis daq- moadgenen axalgazrdebi, romlebic stumrebs TiTqos
veiTeba, ojaxis sasicocxlo ciklis turizmisaTvis erTgvarad gadascemen TavianT energias. animatorebi
araxelsayrel stadiaSi gadasvla, problemebi dazRve- karg ganwyobas aZleven damsveneblebs. isini gadamwyvet
vaSi, usafrTxoebis garantiebis dakargva da a. S. saer- rols asruleben gasarTob programebSi, riTac cdilo-
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis sferoSi seriozuli ben turistebis fsiqologiis gajansaRebas. isini pasu-
problema iqneba kvalificirebuli kadrebis deficiti. xismgebelni arian damsvenebelTa socialur-fsiqolo-
tur-produqciis gayidvis kvalificirebuli menejeri giuri ganwyobis gaumjobesebaze.
iqneba nebismieri turistuli saagentos saukeTeso rek- animaciis garda, sastumroebSi unda funqcionireb-
lama, xolo turistuli kompaniis mTavari gamanadgure- des specialuri samsaxuric, romlis muSakebic gadawy-
beli ki iqneba ukmayofilo klienti. veten damsvenebelTa winaSe moulodnelad wamoWril
viTarebis Secvlis SesaZlebloba, qveynebis da re- problemebs. am samsaxuris kargi muSaoba iqneba turis-
gionebis garantirebuli fasaduri saxis cvlileba iq- tebis rwmenis amaRlebisa da mdgradi socialur-fsiqo-
neba msoflio turistuli saqmianobis erT-erTi mniS- logiuri ganwyobis Seqmnis garanti. imis gaTvaliswine-
vnelovani upiratesoba, romelic xels Seuwyobs adami- biT, rom sastumros muSakebs Sexeba eqnebaT mravali
anebis sulier da fizikur gajansaRebas, magram moma- qveynis ucxoel turistTan, specialistebi erTxmad
valSi turisti aRar dakmayofildeba viTarebis mxo- aRiareben urTierTobis socialur-fsiqologiuri saSu-
lod SecvliT. kvebisa da ganTavsebis kvaldakval unda alebebis (kulturaTaSorisi komunikaciis, Cvevebis
CaerTos sxva elementebic, romelic mimarTuli iqneba codnisa da religiur TaviseburebaTa flobis) mniSvne-
moTxovnis dakmayofilebaze: garTobaSi, dasvenebis mxi- lobas.
arulad gatarebasa da emociur gantvirTvaSi. amitom udidesi yuradReba unda daeTmos urTierTobis
turistuli saqmianobis ganxorcielebasa da sastumro verbalur da araverbalur saSualebaTa gamoyenebis un-
223 224
ars. urTierTobaTa verbaluri saSualeba xasiaTdeba saerTaSoriso turizmis strategiul
imiT, rom realur RonisZiebaTa mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb ganviTarebaze moqmedi faqtorebi
ZiriTadi informacia gadaecema sityvebisa da winadade-
bebis saSualebiT, xolo konteqsts SedarebiT ufro samomavlod saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaze
naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs. urTierTobaTa araverbalur imoqmedebs Semdegi faqtorebi: socialur-ekonomikuri
saSualebaTa gamoyenebisas SedarebiT ufro didi mniS- (keTildReobis donis zrda, Tavisufali drois arsebo-
vneloba aqvs imas, Tu ra dgas sityvebis ukan, vidre ba), demografiuli (sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivobis
Tavad sityvebs, anu am dros didi mniSvneloba eniWeba zrda, urbanizacia) da sxva saxis faqtorebi. saerTaSo-
Jestebsa da mayurebelTan damyarebul kontaqts. riso turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmed faqtorebad mog-
klientebTan uSualo momsaxurebis dros sakmaod vevlineba agreTve planetis mosaxleobis udidesi nawi-
did rols Seasrulebs fsiqologiuri meTodebi. Sesa- lis politikuri (samSvidobo) ganwyoba, saxelmwifo
bamisad, stumarTmaspinZlobis TeoriaSi gamoyofili organoTa mxridan ganviTarebad saerTaSoriso turiz-
unda iqnes sastumro servisis termini. es aris persona- mze mxardaWera, sazogadoebrivi simdidris zrda, samu-
lis unari, gamoicnos klientis faruli moTxovnileba Sao drois Semcireba, transportis ganviTareba da sa-
rogorc pirveli rigis, ise sxva saxis momsaxurebaze. zogadoebrivi azrovnebis donis amaRleba. msoflio
ase magaliTad, restornisaTvis mimtanis mier axali turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmedi demografiuli faqto-
kerZis an dasalevis ideis SeTavazebis unari iqneba da- rebi warmodgenili iqneba sicocxlis saSualo xan-
matebiT, axali mogebis miRebis saSualeba. amrigad, ani- grZlivobis zrdiT, urbanizaciis donis amaRlebiT, anu
maciebis xelovneba mniSvnelovan Tematikas Seicavs mosaxleobis qalaqad zrdiT. postindustriul sazoga-
kulturul turizmSi. igi xels uwyobs kulturuli doebaSi saerTaSoriso turizmi gadaiqceva ZiriTadi
turis ~gakeTilSobilebas”. efeqturi turi niSnavs ma- globaluri stilis cxovrebad. novatoruli servisi
terialuri memkvidreobis mqone istoriul-kulturuli farTod iqneba gamoyenebuli turistuli firmebis mier.
arealebis ~gacocxlebas” adgilobri folklorisa da agreTve mkveTrad Seicvleba turistuli industri-
qoreografiis TanxlebiT. 1 is Semadgenlobac. turizmis dargSi evropeli specia-
listebi turistuli mewarmeobis sistemidan gamoyofen
or nawils: turistul industriasa da stumarTmaspin-
Zlobis industrias. am TvalsazrisiT, turistuli in-
dustria moicavs garTobas, tur-opereitings, tran-
sports, saeqskursio-SemecnebiT organizaciebs da tu-
ristul saagentoebs. stumarTmaspinZlobis industria
moicavs momsaxurebis, ganawilebisa da kvebis indus-
1 Rvinjilia m. kokelaZe k. animaciebis menejmentis calkeuli as- trias.
peqtebi turizmSi. ekonomikisa da biznesis ganviTarebis tenden-
ciebi Tanamedrove etapze. gamomcemloba ùniversali’, baTumi,
sastumro biznesis sferoSi avstralieli mkvleva-
2011, gv.- _ 206. ris – linn van der vagenis TavlsazrisiT, stumarTmas-
225 226
pinZlobis industria Tavis TavSi moicavs iseT dar- lainerebze. uaxlesi 15 wlis ganmavlobaSi saerTaSo-
gebs, romelTa saqmianobac mimarTuli iqneba sacxovre- riso turizmis zrdis tempebi gadaaWarbebs 4%s. 2020
beli binis, kvebis produqtebis, alkoholuri sasmele- wlisaTvis, Tanamedrove monacemebTan SedarebiT, tu-
bis SeTavazebasa da gasarTob RonisZiebaTa gatarebaze. ristebis saerTaSoriso Camosvlebis ricxvi 1,56 mlrd
daaxloebiT aseTive midgomas amJRavnebs l mastni, rom- kacs Seadgens, xolo maT mier turistuli dasvenebisa
lis Tanaxmadac turizmi, Tavisi arsiT, darCeba kerZo da garTobisaTvis gadaxdili Tanxa ki _1,875 trln do-
seqtoris saqmianobad, romelic moqmedebaSi mova Ziri- lars, turistuli industriis saerTaSoriso masSta-
Tadad saerTaSoriso sastumro kompleqsebis, turistu- biT specializacia gamoiwvevs turistuli biznesis
li kompaniebisa da biznesis sxva saxeobaTa funqcioni- mdgradobis amaRlebas.
rebis xarjze. rusi ekonomisti v. a. kvratalnovi tu- maRali turistuli potencialis mqone qveynebis
rizmis industriis ZiriTad segmentad miiCnevs turis- turistuli produqcia sul ufro maRal doneze iqneba
tuli saagentoebis saqmianobas, transportis, sastum- orientirebuli sagareo momxmarebelze, xolo adgi-
roebis, kvebisa da garTobis industrias.1 lobrivi vizitorebi ki _ ucxouri tur-produqciis Se-
Cveni azriT, turizmis sferoSi mewarmeobis sistema Zenaze. udidesi yuradReba unda daeTmos urTierTobis
unda moicavdes: 1. turistul kompaniebs _ tur-opera- verbalur da araverbalur saSualebaTa gamoyenebis
torebsa da turistul saagentoebs (romelTac moqmede- unars. urTierTobis verbaluri saSualeba xasiaTdeba
baSi mohyavs turizmis sferoSi gamoyenebuli warmoebis imiT, rom realur RonisZiebaTa mniSvnelobis Sesaxeb
sxva faqtorebi); 2. satransporto gadazidvebis, garTo- ZiriTadi informacia gadaecema sityvebisa da winadade-
bis, ganTavsebisa da kvebis seqtors. bebis saSualebiT, xolo konteqsts ki SedarebiT ufro
naklebi mniSvneloba aqvs. samomavlod agreTve mkveT-
reziume: rad Seicvleba turistuli industriis Semadgenlobac.
sastumro biznesis sferoSi avstralieli mkvlevaris –
amrigad, turizmis msoflio organizaciis eqsper- linn van der vagenis TvalsazrisiT: ~stumarTmaspin-
tTa prognozis Tanaxmad, 2020 wlisaTvis mosalodne- Zlobis industria moicavs iseT dargebs, romelTa saq-
lia, rom saerTaSoriso turizmis mimarTulebis popu- mianobac mimarTulia sacxovrebeli binebis, kvebis pro-
larobis mixedviT, evropis Semdeg meore adgili daika- duqtebis, alkoholuri sasmelebis SeTavazebasa da ga-
vos aRmosavleT aziisa da wynari okeanis regionma. XXI sarTob RonisZiebaTa gatarebaze”.
saukuneSi turizmi gacilebiT ufro met masStabebs Se- daaxloebiT aseTive midgomas amJRavnebs l mastni,
iZens, vidre iyo XX saukuneSi. savaraudod 2020 wli- romlis azriT: ~turizmi, Tavisi arsiT, rCeba kerZo
saTvis misi masStabi gaormagdeba dRevandel monacemeb- seqtoris saqmianobad, romelic moqmedebaSi modis Zi-
Tan SedarebiT. amis gaTvaliswinebiT Seiqmneba damate- riTadad saerTaSoriso sastumro kompleqsebis, turis-
biTi moTxovna aseulobiT mln dolaris Rirebulebis tuli da sxva saxis kompaniebis funqcionirebis xar-
jze”. rusi ekonomisti v. a. kvratalnovi turizmis in-
1
dustriis ZiriTad segmentad miiCnevs turistul saagen-
birJakovi m. turizmis Teoria. 11 Tbilisi, 2004 _ gv: 89.
227 228
toTa saqmianobas, transportis, sastumros, kvebisa da testebi:
garTobis industrias.
qveynis mTliani Sida produqciis struqturaSi tu- 1. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel
rizmis industriis adgilisa da rolis Sesaxeb infor- faqtorebs ganekuTvneba:
maciis gamoqveyneba yovelTvis popularuli iqneba ma- a) samoqalaqo omebi ganviTarebad qveynebSi;
namde, sanam ar iqneba zustad Seswavlili mis Sesaxeb b) ekonomikuri vardna;
yvela saxis detaluri masala. turistuli firmebis g) saerTaSoriso terorizmi;
TviTRirebulebisa da danaxarjebis struqturis anali- d) sworia a), b) da g) pasuxebi
zi, romelic xorcieldeba mmarTvelobiTi buRalteri- e) arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori.
is angariSis farglebSi, iZleva swori sammarTvelo ga- 2. Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
dawyvetilebis miRebis, mogebis maqsimizirebisa da da- tendenciaa:
naxarjebis minimizaciis SesaZleblobas. dazRvevis mo- a) turistuli usafrTxoebis donis amaRleba;
culoba warmoadgens im fulad masas, romlis far- b) turizmis rolis zrda msoflioSi;
glebSic dgindeba sadazRvevo anazRaurebis zomebi. sa- g) turizmis rolis Semcireba ganviTarebad qveyneb-
dazRvevo SemTxvevis warmoqmnis dros damzRvevi val- Si;
debulia daakompensiros dazRveulis danaxarjebi. tu- d) risk-faqtorebis aRmofxvra;
ristuli saqmianobisadmi makroekonomikuri midgoma mi- e) sworia a) da b) pasuxebi.
marTulia turizmis mier mTlianad qveynis ekonomikaze 3. turizmis organizebis saSualebebisa da motivirebis
moxdenili zegavlenisa da saxelmwifo SemosavlebSi mixedviT turistebi klasificirdeba:
misi rolis Seswavlaze. a) organizebul turistebad;
b) masiur turistebad;
ZiriTadi terminologia: g) individualur turistebad;
d) sworia a), b) da g) pasuxebi;
- turistuli mgzavrobis motivatorebi; e) arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori.
- individualuri da masiuri turistebi; 4. mogzaurobis motivatorebia:
- organizebuli da mkvlevari-turistebi; a) janmrTelobis dacvis mizniT gamgzavreba;
- turizmis socialur-fsiqologiuri aspeqti; b) TviTrwmenisa da TviTgamoxatvis SesaZlebloba;
- turizmis animacia; g) saqmiani turizmi;
- stumarTmaspinZlobis industria; d) sworia: a), b), g)
- turizmis ekonomika da organizacia;
- turistebis kompensaciuri da servisuli dazRve- 5. ~rekreaciuli animacia TavisTavSi moicavs sulier
va; animacias, animaciur turistul marSrutebs, sastum-
- turistuli servis-centri; ro animaciebs da teqnologiuri Sesvenebis dros da-
- turistuli renta.
229 230
matebiT animaciur momsaxurebas” _ es gamonaTqvami nawili II
ekuTvnis:
a) n. i. garinsa da i. i. bulginas;
b) linn van der vagens; msoflio turistuli resursebis
g) l mastns; geografia
d) v. a. kvratalnovs.
turistuli qveyanaTmcodneoba SedarebiT axali
6. ~stumarTmaspinZlobis industria Tavis TavSi moi- cnebaa, romlis aRmoceneba dakavSirebulia turistuli
cavs iseT dargebs, romelTa saqmianobac mimarTulia biznesis sferoSi dasaqmebul muSakTa praqtikul moTx-
sacxovrebeli binebis, kvebis produqtebis, alkoho- ovnilebasTan. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi turizmis sferoSi
luri sasmelebis SeTavazebasa da gasarTob RonisZi- moRvawe menejerebma da eqskursiamZRolebma (gidebma)
ebaTa gatarebaze”. _ es gamonaTqvami ekuTvnis: unda icodnen im qveynebisa da regionebis geografiuli
a) n. i. garinsa da i. i. bulginas; nomenklatura da Taviseburebebi, romlis farglebSic
b) linn van der vagens; isini muSaoben. maT codnaze pirdapir aris damokidebu-
g) l mastns;
li turistuli kompaniebis komerciuli saqmianobis
d) v. a. kvratalnovs.
efeqtianoba. Cveulebisamebr qveyanaTmcodneoba iTvleba
geografiuli mecnierebis ganuyofel nawilad. geogra-
7. ~turizmi, Tavisi arsiT, rCeba kerZo seqtoris saqmia-
fiuli mecnierebis formebs ganekuTvneba fizikuri da
nobad, romelic moqmedebaSi modis ZiriTadad saer-
ekonomikuri geografia.
TaSoriso sastumro kompleqsebis, turistuli da
fizikuri geografia Seiswavlis iseT geografiul
sxva saxis kompaniebis funqcionirebis xarjze”. _ es
komponentebs, rogoricaa: hidrosfero, atmosfero, re-
gamonaTqvami ekuTvnis:
liefi da a. S. ekonomikuri geografia ki aris sawar-
a) n. i. garinsa da i. i. bulginas;
moo (bunebrivi resursebis, mosaxleobis da sxva) Zal-
b) linn van der vagens;
Ta ganTavsebis kanonzomierebisa da principebis Sem-
g) l mastns;
d) v. a. kvratalnovs. swavleli mecniereba. arsebobs regionuli ekonomikis
mcnebac. regionalistikis erT-erTi fuZemdebeli a. e.
8. ~turizmis industriis ZiriTad segmentad miCneulia probsti Tavis droze werda: ~ekonomikuri geografiisa
turistuli saagentoebis saqmianoba, transportis, da regionuli ekonomikis gamijvna SeiZleba moxdes ma-
sastumroebis, kvebisa da garTobis industria”. _ es Ti Seswavlis obieqtebis gamijvnis safuZvelze. maT
gamonaTqvami ekuTvnis: Soris I Seiswavlis raionebsa da qveynebs, regionuli
a) n. i. garinsa da i. i. bulginas; ekonomika ki warmoadgens ekonomikuri geografiis na-
b) linn van der vagens; wils”.1
g) l mastns;
d) v. a. kvratalnovs. 1
metreveli m. turizmi. 11 Tb.: 2003 _ gv: 79.
231 232
Tavi 7. turistuli kompleqsis rekreaciuli
turistuli qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli potenciali
safuZvlebi
Tanamedrove etapze turistuli qveyanaTmcodneobis
turistuli qveyanaTmcodneoba SeiZleba ganisazR- sferoSi jer kidev sakmaod mcire samuSaoebi aris Ca-
vros rogorc geografiuli mecnierebis sistemis nawi- tarebuli. upirveles yovlisa, igi warmoadgens sarek-
li, romelic qveyanas Seiswavlis turizmisaTvis misi lamo bukletebsa da qveynebis aRweras aucilebeli in-
mimzidvelobis TvalsazrisiT. turistuli qveyanaT- formaciis zusti sistematizaciis gareSe. miT umetes,
mcodneoba axorcielebs Semdeg funqciebs: 1. ganmanaT- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis pirobebSi iseT
lebels _ qveynis ~ganaTlebis” Seqmna, romelic auci- sakiTxebze, rogoricaa mogzaurobis mizniT qveynis aR-
lebelia sazogadoebis yvelaze farTo fenebisa da wera, ar SeeZloT gverdi aevloT Tanamedrove avto-
mTeli rigi (sareklamo, marketinguli da sxva) sawar- rebs. mag., aseTi naSromi Seasrula e. a. akladnikovma.
moebisaTvis; 2. informaciuls _ bunebrivi pirobebis, wignSi ~saerTaSoriso turizmi da msoflio turistu-
mosaxleobis, kulturis, qveynis ekonomikis, misi Tavi- li resursebis geografia” avtori kvlevis obieqtis sa-
seburebebisa da tipiuri maxasiaTeblebis Sesaxeb mona- xiT gamoyofs ~turistuli resursis” mcnebas, anu ge-
cemTa farTo krebulis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebis ografiul monacemebs (reliefs, klimats da a. S.) da
Segrovebas, Senaxvasa da wardgenas; 3. ganmaviTarebels infrastruqturas (sazogadoebas, momsaxurebas, vaWro-
_ saerTaSoriso da Sidasaxelmwifoebrivi kavSirebi da bas da a. S.), rac qveyanas xdis popularuls.1
urTierTobebi, romelic gaxda turistuli biznesis Tanamedrove etapze evropa warmoadgens yvelaze
meSveobiT sxvadasxva qveynis teritoriebis dapyrobis ufro popularul adgils dasvenebisaTvis. turistebis
safuZveli; mgzavrTmZRolebis formireba da publika- umravlesoba swored aq moemgzavreba. qveynebisa da re-
cia; komerciuli turizmis sferoSi moqmedi sawarmoe- gionebis turistuli potencialis Sesaxeb informaciis
bisa da organizaciebis saqmianobis optimizacia; 4. sas- sistematizireba turistebsa da menejerebs exmareba
wavlos. qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi gad- imis dadgenaSi, Tu rogori rekreaciuli mimzidveloba
mocemuli iyo cnobili geografebis naSromebSi, ro- gaaCniaT maT. skandinaviis regioni moicavs fineTs, Sve-
melTa ricxvs ganekuTvnebian j. n. baranski, i. m. maer- deTs, norvegias, danias da islandias. am qveynebs, Tavi-
goizi, i. a. vitveri da sxvebi. rekreaciuli geografiis anTi geografiuli siaxlovisa da CrdiloeTiT ganla-
ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelovani wvlili Seitana n. s. miro- gebis gamo, gaaCniaT mTeli rigi saerTo maxasiaTebeli
nenkom.1 niSnebi: msgavsi istoriuli warsuli, ekonomikuri gan-
viTarebis (keTildReobis) maRali done da Sesabamisad
mosaxleobis mcire raodenoba.
1 CitalaZe q. turizmis arsi da misi ekonomikuri buneba. Jurn.

1
metreveli m. turizmi. 11 Tb.: 2003 _ gv: 98. ekonomika. Tbilisi, 2008, #5-6.
233 234
saerTaSoriso turizms gaaCnia pirdapiri kavSiri 3. bunebrivi pirobebisa da resursebis daxasiaTeba.
regionul ekonomikasTan. msoflio turizmi SeiZleba am ganyofilebaSi mizanmimarTulad xdeba qveynis buneb-
ganxiluli iqnes regionuli ganviTarebis konteqstSi. riv-klimaturi Taviseburebebis daxasiaTeba, temperatu-
turistebis mogzaurobis geografiuli marSrutebis mi- ris ryevisa da landSaftebis tipebis gamoyofa. sasar-
xedviT, turistebis gamgzavn qveynebs Soris yvelaze geblo wiaRiseulis sabadoebis Sesaxeb informacia Se-
Zlier poziciebze imyofebian ganviTarebuli qveynebi, iZleba xelsayreli aRmoCndes im saqmiani adamianebi-
romlebic TavianT mosaxleobas uzrunvelyofen cxov- saTvis, romlebic dakavebulni arian mineralur-saned-
rebis maRali standartebiT. maT ricxvs ganekuTvneba leulo resursebis mopovebiTa da vaWrobiT. aranakleb
germania, amerika, iaponia, didi britaneTi da safrange- mniSvnelovania erovnuli parkebis, adgilebis orTog-
Ti. turistebis eqsportiori qveynebis pirveli xuTeu- rafiul TaviseburebaTa Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba,
li qmnis msoflio turizmis ~aminds”. romelTac SeiZleba moizidon turistebi. magaliTad,
zogierTi eqspertis azriT, maTze modis turiste- espaneTSi gamoyofen zRvispira obieqtebs, romlebic
bis msoflio eqsportis naxevarze meti. am qveynebis tu- moicaven espaneTis rekreaciul potencials;
rizmis sferoSi SeimCneva, ekonomikis sxva dargebTan 4. mosaxleobis daxasiaTeba. aq mniSvnelovania qvey-
SedarebiT, kapitalis koncentraciis bevrad ufro manis dasaxlebis istoriisa da Sesabamisad misTvis dama-
Rali done. aqedan gamomdinare SeiZleba davaskvnaT, xasiaTebeli kulturis tipebis Sesaxeb informaciis
rom swored am qveynebs Soris turistebis mozidvisaT- mopoveba. mniSvnelovania movipovoT monacemebi turis-
vis gamarTuli brZola gansazRvravs turistul bazar- tul centrTa geografiis Sesaxeb;
ze konkurencias. am qveynebSi ewyoba turistuli gamo- 5. mokle istoriuli monaxazi. masSi mniSvnelovania
fenebi. turistuli moTxovnis TvalsazrisiT qveynebis movipovoT cnobebi ZiriTadi istoriuli movlenebis,
aRweris sqemis qvedanayofebi SeiZleba iyos Semdegi: qveynis administraciul-teritoriuli danayofebisa da
1. quCebis, moednebisa da xalxis raodenoba; saxelmwifo mowyobis Sesaxeb;
2. qveynis ekonomikur-geografiuli mdgomareobis 6. qveynis meurneobis zogadi daxasiaTeba. calkeu-
daxasiaTeba _ es aris qveynis damokidebuleba garemo-- li ganyofileba SeiZleba mieZRvnas qveynis ekonomikis
pirobebTan da istoriul-ekonomikur obieqtebTan, rac zogad daxasiaTebas, mis specializacias;
gavlenas axdens am qveynis ganviTarebaze. ase mag., evro- 7. sakurorto zonebis Sesaxeb monacemebi, romelic
pisa da amerikis savaWro gzajvaredinze espaneTis mniSvnelovania rogorc turistebisaTvis, ise menejere-
zRvispira ganlagebam, romlis meSveobiTac igi axorci- bisaTvisac. sxvadasxva qveyanaSi ganlagebuli raionebi
elebs Tavis koloniebTan vaWrobas, mniSvnelovnad mkveTrad gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan. es cnobebi qve-
imoqmedes am qveynis meurneobis teritoriul struqtu- yanam unda gaiTvaliswinos teritoriuli mowyobis
raze. espaneTis msxvili ekonomikuri centrebis umrav- dros;
lesoba imyofeba zRvis sanapiroze. am centrebidan bev- 8. turistuli formalobebis daxasiaTeba. masSi Se-
ri gadaiqca msxvil saerTaSoriso kurortad (mag., bar- dis: qveyanaSi qcevis wesebi, savaluto, sabaJo reguli-
selona);
235 236
rebisa da Sopingis Taviseburebebi, sastumroTa tipebi Tu adre maRalganviTarebuli qveynebi upiratesad
da a. S. moixmardnen ganviTarebadi qveynebis mineralur-saned-
turistuli formalobebis daxasiaTebis gegmaSi si- leulo da iaf SromiT resursebs, axla isini gadavid-
tuaciis Sesabamisad SeiZleba Setanili iqnes cvlile- nen am qveynebis turistuli resursebis ~dapyrobaze”.
bebi, qveynis Sesaxeb cnobebis miRebis Semdeg, rac mas turistuli industriis struqtura Sedgeba iseTi kom-
aZlevs unikalurobas. Tanamedrove etapze yalibdeba ponentebisagan, rogoricaa:
axali turistuli marSruti _ samxreT-aRmosavleT 1. garTobis, turistuli operatorebisa da saagen-
aziis qveynebis mimarTulebiT. sazogadoebriv urTier- toebis saqmianobis, transportisa da saeqskursio Ro-
TobaTa reformam da sabazro ekonomikis danergvam xe- nisZiebaTa organizeba;
li Seuwyo am qveynebSi samgzavro turizmis ganviTare- 2. stumarTmaspinZlobis industria (Sedgeba momsa-
bas, sadac xangrZlivi karCaketilobis Semdeg gaCnda xurebis, ganTavsebisa da kvebis industriisagan);
msoflio turizmSi maTi CarTvis SesaZlebloba. mosax- 3. globaluri kompiuteruli qseli.
leobis saSualo fenis mzardi Semosavlebi da dasvene- Cveni azriT, msoflio ekonomikur sistemaSi turiz-
bis gadaxdisunariani dro gardaisaxeba saerTaSoriso misa da stumarTmaspinZlobis industria ar eqvemdeba-
mogzaurobaSi. amrigad, swored axalindustriuli eko- reba gadafasebas, radganac igi ar ganekuTvneba samec-
nomikis mqone qveynebs – samxreT koreas, singapurs, ta- niero-teqnikuri progresis ganmsazRvrel teqnikur sa-
ivans, tailands, malaiziasa da indonezias SeuZliaT SualebaTa mwarmoebel dargTa ricxvs. garda amisa, Tu
SeinarCunon ekonomikuri zrda, romlis Sedegad yalib- ekonomika zedmetad damokidebuli xdeba turizmze, ma-
deba saSualo fena. Sin turistul upiratesobaTa cvlilebis Sedegad igi
turistebis mimReb qveynebs Soris wina planze ga- SeiZleba Cavardes krizisSi. qveynebi, rogorc wesi,
modis amerika, safrangeTi, espaneTi da italia. sul xels uwyoben samogzauro turizmis ganviTarebas, rad-
ufro izrdeba turistebis nakadi ganviTarebad da gar- ganac igi ganapirobebs qveyanaSi didi odenobis ucxou-
damavali ekonomikis mqone qveynebSi, mag, iseTebSi, ro- ri valutis Semodinebas. misi meSveobiT umjobesdeba
goricaa: CineTi, TurqeTi, tailandi, malaizia da sxve- ekonomikis ganviTarebis multiplikaciuri efeqti, mom-
bi. ganviTarebuli qveynebi masStabur investiciebs aban- saxure da satransporto infrastruqtura.
deben ganviTarebadi qveynebis turistul infrastruq-
turaSi. amasTan erTad, msoflio bankis monacemebiT,
turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis daaxloebiT naxeva- saerTaSoriso turizmis roli qveynis
ri ganviTarebadi qveynebidan midis ganviTarebulSi. ekonomikuri krizisidan gamosvlaSi
ucxouri firmebi dominireben bevri qveynis turizmis
industriaSi. isini Cveulebisamebr agzavnian TavianT rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, saerTaSoriso turizmi
Semosavlebs mSobel qveyanaSi. am Semosavlebis umniS- SeiZleba gadaiqces depresiaSi myofi raionebis, patara
vnelo nawils toveben turistebis mimReb qveyanaSi. da saSualo istoriuli mniSvnelobis mqone qalaqebis
ganviTarebis xelSemwyob erT-erT sakvanZo faqtorad,
237 238
rac mniSvnelovania nebismieri qveynisaTvis. saerTaSo- laqi Tavisi specializaciiT gadaerTo saerTaSoriso
riso turizmis ganviTarebam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xe- turizmze. samTo-saTxilamuro sportis ganviTarebisaT-
li im qveynebis swraf ekonomikur aRmavlobas, romel- vis aq aSenda turistuli infrastruqtura. adre moqme-
Tac Tavi ver daaRwies kriziss, vidre mTavar saxel- di samrewvelo sawarmoebi gadaiqca muzeumebad, rome-
mwifo strategiad maT ar gamoacxades saerTaSoriso lic gamiznulia turistebis dasaTvaliereblad. agreT-
turizmi. magaliTad: ve poloneTSi qvanaxSiris mompovebeli samrewvelo
zambiis agraruli produqciis mwarmoebelma ferme- obieqtis bazaze Camoyalibda eTnografiuli muzeumi,
rebma gamoarkvies, rom isini gamoimuSavebdnen samjer sadac Zvel Saxtze turistebs SeuZliaT gaecnon qva-
ufro mets, Tu organizebas gaukeTebdnen TavianT miwa- naxSiris mopovebis teqnologias. poloneTis qalaq
ze turistebis Camosvlas veluri bunebis daTvaliere- krakovis axlos mimdebare teritoriaze XIII saukuneSi
bis, ekologiurad gonivruli nadirobisa da sxva tu- moipovebdnen marils. iuneskos moqmedi cxra msoflio
ristuli RonisZiebebis SeTavazebiT, vidre manamde, ro- donis kulturuli memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi aR-
ca TavianT sakarmidamoSi isini iyenebdnen resursdam- niSnuli Saxti Setanilia mesame adgilze, romelic Se-
zogav agrarul teqnologias. amis meore magaliTia fi- uZlia daaTvalieros nebismier turists. zogierT saba-
neTis CrdiloeTiT mdebare qalaqi – rovaniemi. adre is doSi marilisagan gamokveTilia qandakebebi. SaxtSi mo-
iyo fineTis tyismWrelTa da oqrosmompovebelTa qala- muSave muzeumSi turistebs SeuZliaT gaecnon marilis
qi, dRes ki rovaniemi aris fineTis turistuli centri. mopovebis istorias.
aRsaniSnavia agreTve, rom, egviptis kurorti warmoiq- agreTve avstriis didi istoriis mqone Zveli qala-
mna am qveyanaSi navTobis moZieba-amoqaCva-gadamuSavebis qebic mogvianebiT gadaiqca saerTaSoriso donis pres-
mizniT britaneTis navTobmompovebel muSakTa gadmosax- tiJul kurortebad. germaniaSi turistebisaTvis mim-
lebis xarjze. zidvelia agreTve mwvaned Seferil ferdobze gaSenebu-
andoras, romlis istoriac iTvlis sul raRac 700 li kurortebi, romlebic esazRvrebian avstriis teri-
wels, didxans ar SeeZlo aemaRlebina mis moqalaqeTa toriasTan mdebare tbas. bavariaSi am regions uwodeben
keTildReoba. 1950-ian wlebamde am qveynis ekonomikis ~oqros sanapiros”. misi gamdidrebis wyaros warmoad-
wamyvan dargs warmoadgenda mexileoba. evropaSi ando- genda marili, romelsac aq moipovebdnen 1212 wlidan.
reli glexebi odiTganve iTvleboddnen erT-erT yvela- adgilobrivi mosaxleobis cxovrebaSi marilis mopove-
ze Rarib mosaxleobad. mxolod mas Semdeg, rac adgi- bis rolze mowmobs is faqti, rom patara qalaqebis,
lobrivma xelisuflebam saerTaSoriso turizmi aiyvana soflebisa da nakadulebis umravlesobam miiRo ~mari-
ekonomikis prioritetul dargTa rangSi, miaRwia imas, lis” saxelwodeba. erovnuli ekonomikis ganviTarebaSi
rom axla andora iqca aRmaval saxelmwifod, romel- turizmis dadebiTi zegavlenis erT-erT mniSvnelovan
mac turistebis miRebiT SeZlo eris keTildReobis gamoxatulebad SeiZleba miviCnioT san-marinos respub-
amaRleba. lika, romelsac adre hqonda sasoflo-sameurneo speci-
analogiuri suraTia damaxasiaTebeli aRmosavleT alizacia, magram Tanamedrove etapze misi ekonomikis
CexeTisaTvisac. mTaSi ganlagebuli bevri saSaxte qa-
239 240
prioritetul dargs warmoadgens saerTaSoriso tu- varulTa da kulturul RonisZiebebSi monawileobiT
rizmi. dainteresebul pirTa Camoyvanis organizator turis-
tul kompaniebs. amis naTel dadasturebas warmoadgens
zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi kanadaSi, gamofena-bazro-
Tanamedrove msoflios turistuli bebis organizeba SanxaiSi (CineTi), fifa-s mier samxreT
afrikaSi Catarebuli msoflio Cempionati fexburTSi,
regionalizacia
indoeTis Tanamegobrobis qveynebSi Catarebuli TamaSe-
bi da a. S.1
saerTaSoriso turizmis ekonomika, sameurneo saqmi-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu-
anobis sxva dargebis msgavsad, geografiulia, ramac
ristul regionebs Soris pirvel adgilzea evropis
saSualeba misca turizmis msoflio organizacias
turistuli regioni, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba xu-
ewarmoebina specialuri turistuli daraioneba. tu-
Ti turistuli subregionisagan. esenia: 1. centraluri
rizmis msoflio organizaciis mier SemoRebuli klasi-
evropa, romelSic Sedis germania, Sveicaria, lixten-
fikaciis Tanaxmad, Tanamedrove msoflio daraionebu-
Steini, avstria, slovenia, poloneTi, CexeTi, slovake-
lia Semdeg turistul regionebad: evropa, amerika, azi-
Ti da ungreTi. 2. dasavleT evropa, romelSic Sedis
a-wynari okeanis regioni, axlo aRmosavleTi, samxreT
safrangeTi, belgia, niderlandebi, luqsemburgi, didi
azia da afrika.
britaneTi da irlandia. 3. samxreT evropa, romelSic
saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi SeiniSneba msof-
Sedis espaneTi, portugalia, andora, gibraltari, ita-
lios eqvsive turistuli regionis ekonomikuri zrda.
lia, san-marino, vatikani, rumineTi, bulgareTi, saber-
am kuTxiT gansakuTrebiT gaaqtiurebulia azia-wynari
ZneTi, albaneTi, makedonia, serbeTi, bosnia-hercegovina,
okeanisa da axlo aRmosavleTis regionebi. Tumca tu-
xorvatia, montenegro, kosovo, monako, malta da kvip-
ristuli Semosavlis mixedviT kvlav liderobs evropa,
rosi.2 4. CrdiloeT evropa, romelSic Sedis norvegia,
romelzec modis msoflio turistuli Semosavlebisa
SvedeTi, fineTi, dania, islandia, litva, latvia da es-
da msoflio bazris naxevarze meti (52%), amerikis re-
gionze _ 20%, da azia-wynari okeanis regionze_20%, xo- toneTi.3 5. aRmosavleT evropa, romelSic Sedis ruse-
lo afrikis da axlo aRmosavleTis regionebze ki Se-
sabamisad _3-3%.
1 miqaSaviZe v. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tanamed-
saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi msoflios eqvsive
rove tendenciebi. turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi. gamomcemloba
turistuli regionis ekonomikuri zrda ganpirobebu-
ùniversali”. baTumi, 2011, gv. - 113-116.
lia imiT, rom amaRlda gansakuTrebuli movlenebis 2 CanarTi. geografiulad samxreT evropas miekuTvneba ag-
mniSvneloba _ sportis, kulturis da gamofenebis sa- reTve safrangeTis samxreT nawili (e. w. franguli riviera) da
xiT. maTi eqstraordinaluri Taviseburebebis xarjze, TurqeTis evropuli nawili (anatolia).
3 CanarTi. wminda geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, CrdiloeT
turistebis mimRebma, bazirebis qveynebma unda miiRon
evropa gacilebiT ufro did areals moicavs alpuri mTebis
mnaxvelebi, gansakuTrebuli pativi miagon sportis moy- CrdiloeTiT. am mosazrebiT mas miakuTvneben britanul ku-
nZulebs, beniluqsis qveynebs, safrangeTis CrdiloeT nawils,
241 242
Tis dasavleT nawili, belorusia, ukraina, moldova, karibis qveynebisagan. 1. CrdiloeT amerikis kontinenti
yazaxeTi (nawilobriv). aRmosavleT evropas miakuTvne- mdebareobs dedamiwis Crdilo-dasavleT naxevarsfero-
ben agreTve samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs: saqarTvelos, Si. CrdiloeT amerikas rogorc amerikis nawils, saxe-
somxeTsa da azerbaijans, Tumca isini geografiulad li daerqva amerigo vespuCis pativsacemad. is pirveli
mdebareoben aziaSi. evropeli iyo, vinc amtkicebda, rom amerika aRmosav-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dajgufebul leT indoeTis nawili ki ar iyo, aramed evropelTaT-
turistul regionTa Soris, turistebis mozidvis mas- vis igi warmoadgenda jer kidev manamde ucnob axal
Stabis mixedviT, meore adgilzea amerikis turistuli samyaros. CrdiloeT amerikaSi Sedis sami damoukidebe-
regioni, romelic warmodgenilia laTinuri amerikis li saxelmwifo _ aSS, kanada, meqsika da ori daqvemde-
saxiT. igi mdebareobs dedamiwis dasavleT naxevarsfe- barebuli qveyana_grenlandia da dominikis respublika;
roSi, gadaWimulia aSS-s samxreT sazRvridan antarqti- 2. centraluri amerika Sedgeba Svidi damoukidebeli
kamde. mas samxreTiT esazRvreba samxreTis okeane, aR- saxelmwifosagan. esenia: panama, kosta-rika., gvatemala,
mosavleTiT_atlantis okeane, CrdiloeTiT_aSS, dasav- belizi, nikaragua, salvadori da hondurasi; 3. samxreT
leTiT_wynari okeane. laTinuri amerikis teritoria 21 amerika mdebareobs dedamiwis samxreT-dasavleT naxe-
mln kv. km-ia, rac aris mTeli dedamiwis 8,3% (xmeleTis varsferoSi. mas samxreTiT da dasavleTiT esazRvreba
15%). teritoriis udidesi nawili did sameulze _ bra- wynari okeane, CrdiloeTiT da aRmosavleTiT ki _ at-
ziliaze, meqsikasa da argentinaze modis. aq cxovrobs lantis okeane. samxreT amerikis mosaxleoba Seadgens
msoflio mosaxleobis 13,5% (900 mln kaci). Tanamedro- 371 mln kacs, misi farTobia 17,84 mln kv. km. samxreT
ve etapze es regioni gamoirCeva kulturuli, politi- amerika farTobiT meoTxea aziis, afrikisa da Crdilo-
kuri da ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT. laTinur amerika- eT amerikis Semdeg, xolo mosaxleobis mixedviT ki,
Si 34 suverenuli saxelmwifo da 15 koloniaa, romel- igi mexuTe adgilzea aziis, afrikis, evropisa da Crdi-
Ta umravlesoba patar-patara kunZulebia. isini mdeba- loeT amerikis Semdeg. samxreT amerikas ekuTvnis mrava-
reoben karibis zRvis zonaSi. yvelaze msxvil koloni- li kunZuli. maT Soris qarzurga kunZulebi, kunZuli
ebs flobs espaneTi, romelsac konkurencias uwevs mxo- _ trinidadi, folklendis kunZulebi, cecxlovani mi-
lod portugalia. maTTan SedarebiT mcire samflobe- wis arqipelagi, galapagosis, Ciles, samxreTiT da da-
loebi gaaCniaT safrangeTs, gaerTianebul samefos, ni- savleTiT mdebare kunZulebi da sxva. samxreT amerikis
derlandebs, SvedeTsa da danias. Tanamedrove etapze sanapiroebi sustad aris danawevrebuli. misi mxolod
yvelaze meti kolonia aqvs gaerTianebul samefos, Tum- samxreT-dasavleTi nawilia fiordebiT SeWril-SemoW-
ca, farTobis mixedviT, liderobs safrangeTi. rili. kerZod, xmeleTSi Rrmadaa SeWrili guaiakilis
laTinuri amerika, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba CrdiloeT da venesuelas yureebi, marakaibos tba da rio-de-la--
amerikis, centraluri amerikis, samxreT amerikisa da platis yure. wynari okeanisa da atlantis okeanis sa-
napiroebi umTavresad sworxazovania. Ria namgalisebri
yureebi damaxasiaTebelia pataginiis sanapirosaTvis.
germaniis nawils, poloneTs (nawilobriv) da ruseTis evropuli samxreT amerikas ganekuTvneba Semdegi qveynebi: venesue-
mxaris udides nawils.
243 244
la, ekvadori, peru, Cile, paragvai, argentina, urugvai, bangladeSi, indoeTi, maldivis kunZulebi, Sri-lanka.
kolumbia, gaiana, surinami, brazilia, bolivia, safran- kamboja, birma (mianmari), tailandi, vietnami, malaizia,
geTis gviana, folklendis kunZulebi; 4. karibis teri- brunei, indonezia, filipinebi, bhutani, nepali, pakista-
toriebs ganekuTvneba Semdegi qveynebi: bahamis kunZule- ni, laosi, singapuri da dasavleT timori.
bi, kuba, dominikis respublika, iamaika, barbuda, haiti, turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu-
virjiniis kuZulebi, barbadosi, sent-kristefori, nevi- ristul regionebs Soris erT-erTi aris afrikis tu-
si, antigua sent-lusia, sent-vinsenti, grenadinebi, gre- ristuli regioni. afrika dedamiwis erT-erTi kontinen-
nada, trinidadi, tobago, puerto-riko, aruba, nider- tia, romlis farTobic mimdebare kunZulebianad Sead-
landebis antilebi, sen-martini, angilia, gvadelupa da gens 30,2 mln kv. km-s, xolo mosaxleoba_900 mln kacs
martinika. (dedamiwis mosaxleobis 13,5%). kontinentebs Soris igi
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu- am maCvenebliT CamorCeba mxolod evrazias. mas uWiravs
ristul regionebs Soris, turistebis mozidvis masSta- dedamiwis zedapiris 12,2%, xolo xmeleTis 22,2%. afri-
bis mixedviT, mesame adgilze aris azia-wynari okeanis ka (gansakuTrebiT aRmosavleT afrika) mecnierebis mier
turistuli regioni. igi moicavs Semdeg qveynebs: iapo- miCneulia adamianis warmoSobis adgilad, rasac adas-
nia, kviprosi, CineTi, monRoleTi, taivani, samxreT ko- turebs adreul hominidTa aRmoCena da aseve gviandeli
rea, TurqmeneTi, tajikeTi, uzbekeTi, yazaxeTi, yirgize- (7 mln wlis win daTariRebuli) adamianis winaparTa
Ti, avstralia, axali zelandia, axali kaledonia, so- dasaxleba, romelTa Soris pirveli adamianebi gamoC-
lomonis kunZulebi, vanuatu, aRmosavleT timori, bah- ndnen 200 000 wlis win. afrika gadaWimulia ekvatoris
reini, katari, omani, CrdiloeT korea, avRaneTi, gvate- orive mxares. igi mraval klimatur sartyels moicavs.
mala, ekvadori, palau, panama, taivani da filipinebi. es erTaderTi kontinentia, romelic swvdeba Crdiloe-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu- Tisa da samxreTis zomier sartylebs. afrikis regioni
ristul regionebs Soris erT-erTi aris axlo aRmosav- xuT qveregionad iyofa. esenia: CrdiloeT afrika, da-
leTis turistuli regioni. masSi Sedis: arabTa gaer- savleT afrika, centraluri afrika, aRmosavleT afri-
Tianebuli saamiroebi, TurqeTi, iordania, israeli, lika, samxreT afrika.
bani, saudis arabeTi, erayi, palestina, iemeni, irani, si- 1. CrdiloeT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinen-
ria, quveiTi, Razis seqtori. tis yvelaze farTo (CrdiloeT) nawilSi. geopolitiku-
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil turad masSi Sedis: egvipte, maroko, alJiri, libia, mavri-
ristul regionebs Soris erT-erTi aris samxreT aziis tania, sudani, tunisi da sapara.
turistuli regioni, romelic moicavs indostanis naxe- 2. dasavleT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinentis
varkunZulsa da mimdebare kunZulebs, indogangis vels dasavleT nawilSi. igi moicavs 5 mln kv. km-s. mis Se-
da mis mTian zols. samxreT aziis farTobi daaxloe- madgenlobaSi Sedis: urkina-faso, gambia, mali, nigeria,
biT 5,1 mln kv. km-ia. aq gavrcelebulia tropikuli senegali, benini, kot-divuari, gana, gvinea, mavritia da
klimati, tyeebi, dasavleT nawilSi_ udabnoebi. sam- togo.
xreT aziis teritoriaze ganlagebulia saxelmwifoebi:
245 246
3. centraluri afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinen- Tanamedrove etapze yalibdeba axali turistuli
tis centralur nawilSi. mis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis: an- marSruti_ samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebis mimar-
gola, gaboni, kameruni, kongos respublika, centralu- TulebiT. sazogadoebriv urTierTobaTa reformam da
ri afrikis respublika da gvinea. sabazro ekonomikis danergvam xeli Seuwyo am qveynebSi
4. aRmosavleT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinen- samgzavro turizmis ganviTarebas, sadac xangrZlivi
tis ukidures aRmosavleTSi. masSi Sedis: tanzania, karCaketilobis Semdeg gaCnda msoflio turizmSi maTi
uganda, mozambiki, zambia, zimbabve, komoris kunZulebi, CarTvis SesaZlebloba. turistebis mimReb qveynebs So-
mavriki, seiSelis kunZulebi, kenia, eTiopia, somali, ris wina planze gamodis amerika, safrangeTi, espaneTi
ruanda, madagaskari, malavi, sudani. da italia. sul ufro izrdeba turistebis nakadi gan-
5. samxreT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinentis viTarebad da postsocialistur qveynebSi. saerTaSori-
samxreTiT. igi aerTianebs rogorc kontinentis ramde- so turizmis ganviTarebam mniSvnelovnad Seuwyo xeli
nime qveyanas ise kunZulovan saxelmwifoebsac, romle- im qveynebis swraf ekonomikur aRmavlobas, romelTac
bic afrikis nawilad ganixileba. esenia: samxreT afri- verafriT ver daaRwies Tavi kriziss, vidre ar gamo-
kis respublika svazilendi. bostvana, lesoTo, namibia, acxades turizmi saxelmwifo strategiad.
iemeni da maiota.
ZiriTadi terminologia:
reziume: - turistuli resursi;
turistuli qveyanaTmcodneoba turizmis mecniere- - turistuli resursebis geografia;
bis SedarebiT axali dargia, romlis aRmocenebac da- - turistuli qveyanaTmcodneoba;
kavSirebulia turistuli biznesis sferoSi dasaqme- - turistuli daraioneba;
bul muSakTa praqtikul moTxovnilebasTan. turistuli - turistuli formalobani.
qveyanaTmcodneoba SeiZleba ganisazRvros rogorc ge-
ografiuli mecnierebis sistemis nawilic, romelic testebi:
qveyanas Seiswavlis turizmisaTvis misi mimzidvelobis 1. regionalistikis fuZemdebelia:
TvalsazrisiT. qveynebisa da regionebis turistuli a) i. m. maergoizi; b) n. baranski;
potencialis Sesaxeb informaciis sistematizireba tu- g) a. e. probsti; d) i. a. vitveri.
ristebsa da menejerebs exmareba imis dadgenaSi Tu ro- 2. ~ekonomikuri geografia Seiswavlis raionebsa da
gori rekreaciuli mimzidveloba gaaCniaT maT. saerTa- qveynebs, xolo regionuli ekonomika warmoadgens
Soriso turizms pirdapiri kavSiri gaaCnia regionul ekonomikuri geografiis nawils”_werda:
ekonomikasTan. SeiZleba vamtkicoT, rom turizmis eko- a) i. m. maergoizi; b) a. e. probsti;
nomika, rogorc sameurneo saqmianobis sxva bevri sfe- g) n. baranski; d) i. a. vitveri.
ro, geografiulia, ramac saSualeba misca turizmis 3. turistuli qveyanaTmcodneoba axorcielebs Semdeg
msoflio organizacias ewarmoebina specialuri turis- funqciebs:
tuli daraioneba. a) ganmanaTlebels; b) informaciuls;
247 248
g) ganmaviTarebelsa da saswavlos. Tavi 8.
d) sworia a), b) da g) pasuxebi. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
4. qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli safuZvlebi gadmoce-
SesaZleblobebi evropaSi
muli iyo cnobili geografebis naSromebSi, romel-
Ta ricxvs ganekuTvnebian: turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu-
a) i. m. maergoizi; b) n. baranski; ristul regionebs Soris pirvel adgilzea evropis
g) sworia a), b) da d); d) i. a. vitveri. turistuli regioni, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Sedgeba xu-
5. rekreaciuli geografiis ganviTarebaSi mniSvnelova- Ti turistuli subregionisagan. esenia:
ni wvlili Seitana: 1. centraluri evropa, romelSic Sedis alpuri qvey-
a) n. s. mironenkom; b) n. baranskim; nebi (germania, Sveicaria, lixtenSteini, avstria, slo-
g) a. akladnikovma; d) i. a. vitverim. venia) da viSegradis qveynebi (poloneTi, CexeTi, slova-
keTi da ungreTi).
2. dasavleT evropa, romelSic Sedis safrangeTi,
belgia, niderlandebi, luqsemburgi, didi britaneTi da
irlandia.
3. samxreT evropa, romelic aerTianebs qveyanaTa
oTx did jgufs. esenia 1. pireneis naxevarkunZulis
qveynebi: espaneTi, portugalia, andora da gibraltari;
2. apeninis naxevarkunZulis qveynebi: italia, san-marino
da vatikani; 3. balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis qveynebi: ru-
mineTi, bulgareTi, saberZneTi, albaneTi, makedonia,
serbeTi, bosnia-hercegovina, xorvatia, montenegro da
kosovo; 4. xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebi: monako, malta,
kviprosi.
4. CrdiloeT evropa, romelSic tradiciulad Se-
dis skandinaviis naxevarkunZulis qveynebi _ norvegia,
SvedeTi, fineTi, dania, islandia, agreTve baltiispire-
Tis qveynebi_litva, latvia da estoneTi.
5. aRmosavleT evropa, romelSic Sedis ruseTis da-
savleT nawili, belorusia, ukraina, moldova, yazaxeTi
(nawilobriv). aRmosavleT evropas miakuTvneben agreTve
samxreT kavkasiis qveynebs: saqarTvelos, somxeTsa da
azerbaijans, Tumca isini geografiulad mdebareoben
aziaSi.
249 250
evrokavSiris roli msoflio turizmis zRvars gadaaWarba. 2008 wlis globaluri safinanso
ganviTarebaSi krizisis mier msoflio ekonomikaze zegavlenis Sedege-
bi dRemde grZeldeba. am krizisma evrokavSirSi SeaR-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri- wia saberZneTis ~gavliT”, radgan am regionuli integ-
siT, evropaSi udidesi gavlena aqvs evrokavSirs. am re- raciis farglebSi swored es qveyana iyo SedarebiT
gionuli integraciis masStabiT Catarda mravali mar- ~Ria” danarCeni msofliosaTvis samuSao ZalTa miRebis
ketinguli kvleva, rogorc kulturul turebSi monawi- mxriv. saberZneTis Semdeg finansuri krizisi Seexo jer
le turistebis, ise sxva, nebismieri motiviT damsvene- espaneTs, Semdeg italias, safrangeTs, germaniasa da
belTa gamokiTxvis gziT. gamokiTxvebma Zalze sainte- did britaneTs. yovelive es gamoiwvia evrokavSiris aR-
reso, sruliad urTierTsawinaaRmdego Sedegebi aCvena. mosavleTiT gafarToebam da integraciis farglebSi
pirvel adgilze aRmoCnda SemecnebiTi motiviT warmoe- ekonomikurad Raribi qveynebis SemoerTebam.
buli turebi, xolo meore adgilze – sxva danarCeni Tavis mxriv, evrokavSiris aRmosavleTiT gafarToe-
miznebiT ganxorcielebuli mogzauroba. ba dadebiTad aisaxa mis axladSemoerTebul saxelmwi-
turistebis 60%-s ainteresebs TavianTi gonebrivi foebze, ramac Sansi misca mis axalbeda wevrebs– esto-
horizontis gafarToeba, kulturasTan da ganaTlebas- neTs, litvas, latvias, poloneTs, CexeTs, slovakeTs,
Tan ziareba, xolo 20%-s ki – samyaros ukeT Secnoba, ungreTs, slovenias, kviprossa da maltas ufro didi
danarCens ainteresebs axal STabeWdilebaTa miReba, ra- masStabiT ganaviTaron zogadad ekonomika da kerZod,
imes uCveulos gacnoba. mkvlevarebisaTvis gamoucnobi masSi Semavali turizmis dargi, magram imavdroulad
darCa am interesTa faruli zraxvebi da motivebi. sa- SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am qveynebisaTvis es aris erTgva-
erTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis prioritetul mi- ri gamowveva imasTan dakavSirebiT, Tu ramdenad arian
marTulebebze gansakuTrebiT didi gavlena moaxdina isini mzad am Sansis gamosayeneblad.
tur-produqtebze arsebuli Tanamedrove moTxovnis mo- evropelTa interesi mkveTrad gansxvavdeba erTmane-
difikaciam. kerZod, Seicvala Tavad turistebis qcevis Tisagan sazafxulo dasvenebis TvalsazrisiT. axali
stereotipebi, moxda maTi moTxovnis specializacia. kulturis aRmoCenis survili yvelaze metad gaaCniaT
bolo dros turizmis ganviTarebis mxriv mowinave did britanelebs, romelTa 55%-s swored es motivi
qveynebis mier ganxorcielda Semomsvleli turizmis amoZravebT ucxoeTSi mogzaurobisas. igive interesi
eqspansia, Seicvala mogzaurobis sixSire da xangrZli- amoZravebT frangi turistebis 45%-s, italieli da
voba, intensifikacia ganicada turistebis dasvenebam. belgieli turistebis 37%-s, germaneli turistebis
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebaSi prioritetebis 30%-s da avstrieli turistebis 25%-s. evropelTaTvis
Camoyalibebaze aranaklebi gavlena moaxdina evrokavSi- yvelaze ufro mimzidvelia Semdegi samogzauro forme-
ris gafarToebam. bi: samecniero RonisZiebebisaTvis dagegmili turebi
2007 wels evrokavSirSi bulgareTisa da rumineTis (45%), saqalaqo turizmi (20%), mkurnalobisaTvis gam-
integrirebis Sedegad, misi wevri qveynebis ricxvi 27- gzavreba (10%), kruizebi (13%) da kulturuli turebi
mde gaizarda, xolo mosaxleobam naxevarmiliardian (12%).
251 252
centraluri evropis turistuli Tidan da iugoslaviidan imigrantTa raodenobis
zrdas.
potenciali
germaniis klimati zomieria. CrdiloeTiT gabatone-
bulia zRvis hava, danarCen teritoriaze _ kontinenta-
centralur evropas, rogorc avRniSneT, ganekuTvne-
luri. Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT SeimCneva atlantis okea-
ba alpuri qveynebi (germania, Sveicaria, avstria, lix-
nis gavlena, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT aris kontinenturi
tenSteini, slovenia) da viSegradis qveynebi (poloneTi,
hava. sicive aRiniSneba maRalmTian zonaSi. samxreT
CexeTi, slovakeTi da ungreTi).
sazRvarze rainis xeobaSi mdeloebi da velebi zamTar-
Sic mwvanea. aq Tovli iSviaTad modis. yvelaze cxeli
alpuri qveynebis turistuli Tvea ivlisi. am Tvis saSualo temperaturaa 16-200. yve-
RirsSesaniSnaobani laze mSrali amindi icis martSi, yvelaze wvimiani _
ivlisSi.
germaniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi germania.
germania mdebareobs centralur evropaSi. mas Crdi-

loeTiT esazRvreba CrdiloeTis zRva, dania da balti-
is zRva. aRmosavleTiT _ poloneTi da CexeTi, samxre-
TiT _ avstria da Sveicaria, xolo dasavleTiT _ saf-
rangeTi, belgia, luqsemburgi da niderlandebi. misi
farTobia 357 aTasi kv. km. 2010 wlis monacemebiT, qvey-
nis mosaxleoba aris 82 mln kaci, saerTo mSp aris 3
trln aSS dolari, xolo erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp
ki_38 aT. aSS dolari.
germaniis federaciuli respublika, administraciu-
li TvalsazrisiT, dayofilia 16 federaciad. ekonomi-
kuri potencialis mixedviT, mTel msoflioSi ameriki-
sa da iaponiis Semdeg mesame adgilis flobiT, germani-
as gaaCnia ganviTarebuli metalurgia, manqanaTmSeneb-
loba da qimiuri mrewveloba. germaniaSi bevria mcire germaniis turistuli biznesis gegmaSi mkafiod ik-
da saSualo qalaqebi, sadac didi raodenobis Suasau- veTeba bevrad ufro ganviTarebuli dasavleTi da nak-
kunovani feodaluri sasaxleebia gaSenebuli. demogra- lebad ganviTarebuli aRmosavleT nawili. marTalia
fiuli viTarebis paradoqsi imaSia, rom adgilobrivi turistuli TvalsazrisiT, evropis did oTxeulTan
mosaxleobis Semcirebis pirobebSi adgili aqvs Turqe- SedarebiT (safrangeTi, italia, espaneTi da gaerTiane-
buli samefo) germania msxvili evropuli qveyana ar
253 254
aris, magram ekonomikis es dargi bolo periodSi swra- mizniT. mWidro TanamSromloba aris damyarebuli ger-
fi tempiT viTardeba. qveyanaSi yovelwliurad Camodis maniis da sazRvargareTis saxelmwifoTa metalurgiul
20-22 mln turisti niderlandebidan, aSS-dan, gaerTia- kombinatebs Soris, romelic dakavSirebulia germanii-
nebuli samefodan, Sveicariidan da italiidan. umniS- dan Tanamedrove metalurgiul danadgarTa miwodebasa
vnelovanesi turistuli adgilebia berlini, miunxeni, da specialistebis gacvlasTan. germaniisaTvis perspeq-
kelni, baltiis zRvis sanapiro da hamburgi. tiulia sakongreso-sagamofeno turizmis ganviTareba.
germania saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis igi aris erT-erTi umsxvilesi savaWro partniori
TvalsazrisiT, Zalze mimzidveli qveyanaa. 1990 wels, msoflios rogorc maRalganviTarebuli saxelmwifoe-
dasavleT da aRmosavleT germaniis gaerTianebis Sem- bisaTvis, ise ganviTarebadi qveynebisTvisac. amitom
deg, mosaxleobis raodenobis mixedviT, es saxelmwifo germaniis qalaqebSi Catarebuli saerTaSoriso gamofe-
iqca centraluri evropis umsxviles qveynad. maRalgan- nebi yovelTvis izidavs msoflios mravali qveynis biz-
viTarebul qveynebs Soris evropis centrSi misi geog- nesmenebsa da mowinave specialistebs.
rafiuli ganlageba xels uwyobs germaniis ayvavebas. Zalian prestiJulia germaniis saganmanaTleblo
zRvaze gasasvleli, vaWrobis ganviTarebis xarjze, sivrce. aq swavlobs bevri ucxoeli studenti. mWidro
akompensirebs sanedleulo bazis (rkinis, feradi li- TanamSromloba arsebobs germaniisa da sxva qveynebis
Tonebis, navTobis sabadoebis) mixedviT mis SedarebiT universitetebs Soris. elitaruli turizmi dakavSire-
siRaribes. bulia qveynis dasavleTiT mdebare prestiJuli kuror-
msoflio masStabiT germanias turizmis sferoSi tebis arsebobiT, mag., iseTebiT, rogoricaa baden-bade-
gaaCnia 6 regionuli filiali (maT Soris 4 evropaSi) ni da visbadeni. am kurortebs gaaCniaT Termuli wyle-
da 29 warmomadgenloba. igi warmoadgens meore qveyanas bi, romlebic cnobilni iyvnen jer kidev Zveli romis
evropis farglebSi kulturuli turizmis ganviTarebis droidan.
mixedviT. imavdroulad igi lideria msoflio masSta- germaniaSi Casuli turistebis interess iwvevs al-
biT saerTaSoriso bazroba-gamofenebis organizebis pur mTebSi dasveneba. aq mdebareobs bavariis alpebis
raodenobis mixedviT.1 erT-erTi umsxvilesi klimaturi kurorti, romelic
germaniaSi turistuli moTxovna ganpirobebulia cnobilia germaniis zamTris sportis centrad. jer ki-
saqmiani mogzaurobebiT, saganmanaTleblo da elitaru- dev 1936 wels aq Catarda zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi.
li turizmiT. saqmiani adamianebi germaniaSi Cadian germaniaSi popularulia bavariis tbaze dasveneba, sam-
sxvadasxva mizniT. mravali qveynis mcire da saSualo dinareo kruizebi rainsa da elbaze, gansakuTrebiT ~me-
mewarmeebi am qveyanaSi Camodian cnobili germanuli av- same asakis” pirTa (pensionerTa) Soris. erTgvar turis-
tomobilebis: ~opelis”, ~be-em-ve-s” da ~audis” SeZenis tul ~meqad” iTvleba aseve germaniis administraciuli
centrebic.
germaniaSi bevri turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobaa.
1. futkaraZe r. germania saerTaSoriso turizmSi: Tanamedrove gansakuTrebiT popularulia mgzavroba germaniis deda-
mdgomareoba da perspeqtivebi. turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi. qalaq berlinSi. brandenburgis karibWe adre erTmane-
gamomcemloba ùniversali”, baTumi, 2010, gv. 124.
255 256
Tisagan yofda dasavleT da aRmosavleT berlins. ber- aris msxvili safinanso da sagareo-savaWro centri.
linis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas ganekuTvneba mra- frankburgi cnobilia rogorc bankebis, sadazRvevo
valricxovani muzeumebi da zooparkebi. qalaqis simbo- kompaniebis funqcionirebisa da saerTaSoriso savaWro
loa daTvis qandakeba. gamofenebis organizebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani adgi-
calke aRniSvnis Rirsia mdinare elbas sanapiroze li. aq mdebareobs msxvili safondo da savaluto bir-
gaSenebuli qalaqi drezdeni. igi cnobilia cvingeris Jebi. Stutgarti germaniis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare
sasaxleTa kompleqsiT, romelic warmodgenilia sura- qalaqia, romelic garSemortymulia ulamazesi tyeebiT.
Tebis galereiT da iaraRis muzeumiT. turistebis dain- qalaqs ganumeorebel ier-saxes aZlevs parkebi, romle-
teresebas iwvevs germaniis sxva qalaqebic. magaliTad, bic erTmaneTisagan gamoyofen qalaqis sxvadasxva mxa-
hamburgi germaniaSi sididiT meore qalaqia (berlinis res mdebare raionebs. aq mdebareobs mersedesisa da
Semdeg). mas gaaCnia erT-erTi umsxvilesi sazRvao por- porSes muzeumebi.
ti evropaSi. qalaqSi xidebis didi (daaxloebiT 2400) miunxeni aris bavariis administraciuli centri. aq
raodenobaa. hamburgSi, mdinare elbas sanapiros Crdi- mdebareobs bavariis samefo rezidencia. es aris germa-
loeTiT, agebulia mravali eklesia-monasteri. qalaqs niis samxreTiT mdebare federaluri miwa. qalaqi war-
gaaCnia san-paulis (restornebiT, Ramis klubebiTa da moadgens msxvil sakurorto centrs. aq ganTavsebulia
kafe-barebiT cnobili) ~gasarTobi kvartalic”. mdinare mravali gamomcemloba da Teatri. laibcigi aris aRmo-
elbas CrdiloeTiT Seqmnilia xelovnuri tba, sadac savleT germaniaSi mdebare qalaqi. igi aris wignebis
gaSenebulia aristokratiuli raioni. germaniis isto- beWdvisa da qveynis musikaluri cxovrebis centri. aq
riul centrs warmoadgens bremeni. qalaqis Zvel (isto- adgilobriv universitetSi swavlobda goeTe.
riul) ubanSi da biznes-centrSi mdebare administraci-
uli Senobebi warmoadgenen warsulis amsaxvel istori-
ul Zeglebs: Suasaukunovan sasaxleTa kompleqss. qala- Sveicariis turistuli resursebi
qebi _ liubeki da kili odiTganve cnobilni iyvnen
aRiarebul sazRvao-savaWro centrebad. Sveicaria federaciuli saparlamento respublikaa.
Tanamedrove etapze kili aris gemTmSeneblobis er- igi mdebareobs centralur evropaSi, romlis mosazR-
T-erTi wamyvani centri da umsxvilesi sazRvao baza. vre qveynebia safrangeTi, germania, avstria, lixtenSta-
kilSi regularulad tardeba sxvadasxva saxis savaWro ini da italia. maTgan yvelaze grZeli sazRvari aqvs
gamofenebi. bevri turisti moemgzavreba kilSi, rome- italiasTan (741 km), yvelaze mokle _ lixtenStainTan
lic jer kidev Cvens welTa aRricxvamde pirvel sauku- (41 km). qveynis farTobia 41,3 aT. km2. 2011 wlis monaceme-
neSi cnobili iyo mdinare rainze gamaval savaWro-sax- biT, Sveicariis mosaxleobaa 7,9 mln kaci. misi saerTo
meleTo gzad. qalaqSi gaSenebulia msoflioSi erT-er- mSp aris 340 mlrd dolari, xolo erT mosaxleze mo-
Ti udidesi goTuri arqiteqturuli taZari. diusel- weuli mSp _43,3 aT. dol. qveynis valutaa Sveicaruli
dorfi warmoadgens msoflio masStabiT moqmed samrew- franki.
velo da savaWro gamofenebis organizebis adgils. es
257 258
Sveicariis mosaxleoba saubrobs ZiriTadad 4 msoflioSi cnobilia politikuri neitralitetis sta-
_germanul, frangul, italiur da inglisur enaze. qvey- tusiT. es qveyana monawileobs mraval saerTaSoriso
nis CrdiloeTiT (centriT ciurixi) saubroben germanu- organizaciaSi. Sveicarias ara aqvs oficialuri deda-
lad, samxreTiT (centriT lugano) _ italiurad, dasav- qalaqi. berni aris oficialuri federaluri qalaqi. am
leTiT (centriT Jeneva)_frangulad. qalaqSi aris federaluri mTavroba, rac mas xdis de--
Sveicariis yvelaze grZeli mdinarea raini, rome- faqto dedaqalaqad.
lic qveynis teritoriaze gaedineba 375 km-ze. am qveynis SveicariaSi ganviTarebulia saerTaSoriso turiz-
udidesi myinvaria aleCis myinvari. Sveicaria flobs mi, romelic dakavSirebulia qveynis mimzidvel bunebas-
hidroenergetikul resursebs, xe-tyes, marilis sabado- Tan. es qveyana Seucvlelia Tavisi samTo-saTxilamuro
ebs, manqanaTmSeneblobisa da kvebis produqtebis, qimi- kurortebiT (mag., davosiT); Jenevisa da ciurixis ula-
katebis, saaTebis, Sokoladis warmoebas moqnil saban- mazes tbebze dasvenebiT; istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobe-
ko seqtors da a. S, rac akompensirebs sanedleulo ba- bis mqone msxvili qalaqebiT (ciurixSi mdebare fexiT
ziT qveynis siRaribes. saseirno biliki, Suasaukunovani darbazebi, Sadrevnebi,
Sveicariis bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi specifiku- bernSi mdebare cixe-simagreebi, luzernSi agebuli
ria. misi ekosistemis mkveTr cvlilebas ganapirobebs ulamazesi xidi da a. S.). Sveicariis msoflio memkvid-
alpuri mTebi, sadac arqtika esazRvreba tropikas: pal- reobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Sedis: alpebis preistoriuli
mis xeebi jer icvleba farTofoTlovani tyeebiT, Sem- namonasaxlarebi, belinconas cixe-simagreebi, iungfra-
deg _ wiwvovani tyeebiT, xolo bolos _ alpuri mde- u-aleCis daculi teritoria, la-So-de-foni, lavo, mon-
loebiTa da myinvarebiT. te-san-jorjio, retiis rkinigza, sardonis teqtonikuri
Sveicaria. zona, wminda galis saabato da wminda ioanes benediq-
telTa monasteri.
SveicariaSi mdebareobs msoflioSi yvelaze grZe-
li (16,9 km sigrZis) saavtomobilo gvirabi. qveyanaSi
funqcionirebs mravali turistuli sarkinigzo mar-
Srutebi: ~myinvarwveris eqspresi” (cermati_davosi_san-
kt-morici), ~oqros uReltexili” (ciurixi _ luzerni
_montre_Jeneva); ~palmuri eqspresi” (sankt-morici _
lugano). qveyanaSi bevria saintereso qalaqi Sua sauku-
neebis arqiteqturiT. mag., Jenevis tbis sanapiroze mde-
bare q. lozana olimpiur SejibrebaTa aRiarebuli cen-
tria. 1994 wels qalaqs mieniWa ~olimpiis dedaqalaqis”
tituli. Sveicaria warmoadgens meRvineobis centrs.
Sveicariis konfederacias mravali Tavisebureba
meRvineobis tradicias Rrma fesvebi aqvs am qveyanaSi.
axasiaTebs: igi aerTianebs 23 damoukidebel kantons da
mis Sesaxeb xalxSi ~dadis” mravali legenda.
259 260
Sveicaria cnobilia agreTve saganmanaTleblo tu- esazRvreba germania da CexeTi. aRmosavleTiT _ ungre-
rizmis TvalsazrisiTac. am qveynis Sesaxeb sazRvarga- Ti da slovakeTi, samxreTiT _ slovenia da italia. da-
reT gavrcelebulia mcdari mosazreba imis Sesaxeb, savleTiT _ Sveicaria da lixtenStaini. avstriis dda-
rom TiTqos SveicariaSi swavla SeuZliaT mxolod qalaqia vena, saxelmwifo ena _ germanuli, agreTve
mdidar (aristokratiul) adamianTa Svilebs. sinamdvi- oficialuri enebia xorvatiuli, ungruli da slovenu-
leSi saqme sxvagvaradaa. Sveicariis kerZo skola-pansi- ri.
onebisagan (romelSic bavSvebis saswavleblad bevrs avstrias gaaCnia rkinis madani, navTobi, saSeni xe--
marTlac ar hyofnis fuli. kerZod, am tipis skolebSi tye, magneziti, tyvia, qvanaxSiri, spilenZi da hidroe-
ganaTlebis miReba weliwadSi jdeba saSualod 50 aTa- nergetikuli resursebi. avstria dayofilia rva fede-
si aSS. dolari) gansxvavebiT, qveynis umravles saxel- raciul miwad. kerZod, esenia: burgenlandi, karintia,
mwifo saswavlebelSi studentebi erTi semestris gan- qvemo avstria, zemo avstria, zalcburgi, Stiria, tiro-
mavlobaSi ixdian mxolod 500 Sveicarul franks. mar- li da forarlbergi. avstriaSi erTmaneTs esazRvreba
Talia am Tanxas unda daematos kvebis, binis qirisa da ori klimaturi zona: Tu dasavleTiT Warbobs naleqia-
saswavlo procesTan (wignebis, rveulebisa da sxva sa- ni amindi, samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT aris kontinen-
kancelario nivTebis SeZenasTan) dakavSirebuli xarje- taluri klimati. avstriis mniSvnelovan nawils iWers
bic, magram es Tanxa mizerulia im kvalifikaciasTan alpuri mTebi. aRmosavleT alpebis mTebs avstriis te-
SedarebiT, rasac iZenen studentebi Sveicariis univer- ritoriaze ZiriTadad gaaCnia ganieri ganlageba. alpu-
sitetebSi swaclis Sedegad. kerZod: 1. swavlis msur- ri mTebis myinvarwverTa jgufi dafarulia TovliT.
vels xeli miuwvdeba uaxles samecniero ideebTan; 2. aq avstria.
aswavlian maRalkvalificiuri mecnier-muSakebi, agreT-
ve maRali xarisxisaa Sveicariis universitetebis sa-
mecniero infrastruqtura. Sveicariis prestiJul uni-
versitetebs warmoadgens Jenevis, lozanis, bernis, ciu-
rixis universitetebi da teqnologiuri skolebi.
avstriis turistuli potenciali
avstria aris demokratiuli federaciuli respub-

lika. misi farTobia 83,8 aTasi kv. km. 2011 wlis monace-
mebiT qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 8,4 mln kacs, saer-
To mSp _ 352 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze avstriis alpur mTebSi bevri myinvarwveria. turis-
ki_50,5 aT. aSS dolars. misi valutaa evro. avstria tebi aq arsebul stalaqtitur da stalagmitur gamoq-
mdebareobs centralur evropaSi. CrdiloeTiT mas vabulebSi xvdebian sxvadasxva formis karstul mRvime-
261 262
ebs, yinulovani wamonazardebiT, miwisqveSa tbebiT da ni. tirolis administraciuli centridan _ insbruki-
nakadulebiT. avstriis alpuri mTebis erT-erT iduma- dan 60 km-is daSorebiT mdebareobs ori (1964 wlisa da
lebiT mocul adgils warmoadgens Rrma da farTo xe- 1976 wlis) olimpiadis Catarebis adgili. kicbueli,
obebi. maT Soris turistebisaTvis yvelaze ufro mim- romelic mdebareobs insbrukidan 50 km-is daSorebiT,
zidvelia dunais xeoba. turizmis erT-erT popularul samTo-moTxilamureebs Soris cnobilia ukve 80 wlis
saxeobas aq warmoadgens samdinaro kruizebi. ganmavlobaSi. igi Sedis avstriis yvelaze elitaruli
qveynis istoria mniSvnelovnad aris dakavSirebuli kurortebis ricxvSi. swored aq ianvarSi tardeba msof-
habsburgis samefo dinastiasTan. Turqebis Semosevebis lio Tasis Cempionati samTo-saTxilamuro sportSi, xo-
miuxedavad, avstriam SeZlo XVI _ XVIII saukuneebis lo zafxulobiT ki qalaqis sportul cxovrebaSi mniS-
ganmavlobaSi gamxdariyo evropis erT-erTi uZlieresi, vnelovan movlenad iTvleba CogburTis saerTaSoriso
yovlisSemZle saxelmwifo, CexeTis, ungreTis, polone- Sejibris yovelwliurad Catareba. samTo Txilamureb-
Tis nawilis, dasavleT ukrainis, samxreT slovakeTis, ze sriali popularulia zalc-burglendis miwebze. aq
italiisa da sxva miwebis mierTebiT. evropul centrSi aris samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebi almzee da kapruni.
qveynis geografiuli ganlageba, mdidari bunebrivi re- avstriis ukidures samxreTiT mdebareobs karintia,
sursebi da maRalkvalificirebuli samuSao Zala xels romelic warmoadgens sazafxulo da zamTris dasvene-
uwyobs avstriis myar ekonomikur mdgomareobas. bisaTvis mimzidvel ulamazes mTis tbian regions. aq
mTeli msofliosaTvis kargad aris cnobili, rom dasvenebis popularuli saxeobaa karintiis tbebis daT-
avstriaSi Zalze Zviri jdeba cxovreba, rac am qveyana- valiereba. erT-erT aseT tbas warmoadgens alterzees
Si qmnis masobrivi turizmis ganviTarebis xelSemSlel tba. misi sigrZe aRwevs 16 km-s, sigane _ 1600 metrs, xo-
erT-erT mniSvnelovan bariers. avstriaSi turistebi lo maqsimaluri siRrme ki _ 84 metrs. zafxulobiT
modian venis, agreTve qalaqebis _ zalcburgisa da wylis temperatura aRwevs 270-s, rac mSvenieria bavSve-
gracis saeqskursio programebiT, samTo-saTxilamuro bis banaobisaTvis. garda amisa, tbaSi wyali Zalian
turebiTa da samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli programebiT. sufTaa. alterzees sanapiroze gaSenebulia ramdenime
avstria musikis qveyanaa. esaa cnobili kompozitorebis: patara qalaqi, romelTagan nebismieri maTgani zafxu-
mocartis, Subertis da iohan Strausis mSobeli qveya- lobiT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes ojaxebis dasvene-
na. bis adgilad. magaliTad, esenia: feldkirxi, pardi,
avstria iTvleba samTo-saTxilamuro turizmis gan- velsi, marxtrenki, Svaci, perxtildsdorfi da a. S. ka-
viTarebis TvalsazrisiT, erT-erT yvelaze popularul rintiis regionis mTavari qalaqia klagenfurti, rome-
qveynad. ucxoeli moTxilamureebisaTvis Zalian mimzid- lic mdebareobs sloveniisa da italiis siaxloves. ka-
velia avstriis sami kurorti: tiroli, zalc-burglen- rintiaSi dasvenebis mimzidvel mimarTulebas warmoad-
di da karintia. tirolis regioni, romelic mdebareobs gens samTo-saTxilamuro sportis ganviTarebisa da
arlbergisa da kicbuelis mTis masivebs Soris, iTvle- balneologiuri pro-cedurebis Catarebis SesaZleblo-
ba yvelaze cnobil samTo-saTxilamuro kurortad. aq ba. karintiaSi sul arsebobs daaxloebiT 20-mde samTo--
dasvenebis popularul adgils warmoadgens maierxofe- saTxilamuro kurorti.
263 264
vena msoflios erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqia. is mde- lixtenStainis turistuli potenciali
bareobs evropis gzajvaredinze, dunais sanapiroze. ve-
naSi arsebobs mravali RirsSesaniSnaoba: qalaqis arqi- lixtenStainis samTavro aris konstituciuri mo-
teqturuli simboloa wminda stefanes taZari, romelic narqia, romelic dafuZnebulia demokratiul parlamen-
agebulia goTur stilSi XIV_XV saukuneebSi. venis me- tze. misi oficialuri ena aris germanuli. saxelmwi-
morialur adgilad SeiZleba CaiTvalos qalaqis erov- fos dedaqalaqia vaduci. religia ZiriTadad aris ka-
nuli parki, xelovnebis saxli, didi kompozitorebis Tolikuri. misi farTobia 160,4 km2. 2007 wlis monaceme-
(haidnis, mocartis, beThovenis, bramsis, Strausis) sax- biT, qveynis mosaxleoba aris 35,4 aT kaci. misi saerTo
l-muzeumebi. turistebi gasaseirneblad irCeven venis mSp Seadgens 1,786 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
tyes. qalaqSi bevria araCveulebrivi arqiteqturuli ki _ 52,2 aTasi aSS dolars. misi valutaa Sveicaruli
Zeglebi. venas SeiZleba ewodos musikaluri samyaros franki. es qveyana mdebareobs avstriasa da Sveicarias
dedaqalaqi. musikaluri venis simbolo aris opera, sa- Soris mdinare rainis napirTan. misi udidesi qalaqia
dac TebervalSi tardeba musikaluri festivali. Saani. mas ara aqvs zRvaze gasasvleli da ar esazRvre-
qalaqis centraluri nawili aris fexiT saseirno ba arcerTi sazRvao qveyana. misi sazRvrebis sigrZea
adgili. aq mravalricxovan arqiteqturul Zeglebs So- 76,6 km. teritoria Seicavs rogorc vakes, ise alpebsac.
ris mdebareobs Tanamedrove stilis uaxlesi kafe-bare- qveynis yvelaze maRali mTaa grauSpici (2600 m). aq aris
bi da restornebi. vaWrobis moyvarulebs SeuZliaT ew- ori mdinare _ raini da zamina. qveynis sigrZea 24,6 km,
vion im quCebs, sadac ganTavsebulia uamravi maRazia. xolo sigane ki _ 12,4 km. lixtenStainSi aris erTader-
vena iTvleba evropis yvelaze Zvir qalaqad. gansakuT- Ti tba _ gampriner zeele, romelic warmoiqmna 1927
rebiT maRali fasebi aqvs qalaqis centrSi mdebare wels md. rainis adidebis Sedegad.
pirveli klasis sastumroebs. aq sastumros nomeri lixtenStaini dayofilia or administraciul mxa-
dRe-Ramis ganmavlobaSi sargeblobisaTvis Rirs saSua- red. esenia: 1. istoriuli mxare _ oberlandi (centri
lod 150-300 evro. turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebiT ga- vaduci); da 2. unterlandi (centri Selenbergi). amis
moirCeva qalaqi zalcburgi. is daarsda yofili ~mari- garda qveyana iyofa 11 eparqiad. mTiani reliefis miuxe-
lis sabados” teritoriaze. zalcburgis popularoba, davad, lixtenStainSi ar aris mkacri hava. aq uberavs
upirveles yovlisa, dakavSirebulia mocartis saxel- tyis Tbili qari. zamTarSi temperatura ecema _ 150-mde,
Tan. am qalaqSi yofnis dros turistebs SeuZliaT da- xolo zafxulSi igi 20-250-is farglebSi meryeobs. qvey-
aTvalieron mocartis saxl-muzeumi. qalaqis erT-erTi nis teritoriis daaxloebiT sam meoTxed nawils war-
simboloa XI saukuneSi agebuli helbrunis cixe. Tana- moadgens totenhemis alpebi. rogorc erTiani samTav-
medrove etapze cixis mimdebare teritoriaze gaSenebu- ro_lixtenStaini arsebobs 1719 wlidan. 1815-1866 wleb-
lia ~mirabelas” lamazi baRi. Si igi imyofeboda germaniis SemadgenlobaSi. 1876-1918
wlebSi qveyana dakavSirebuli iyo avstriasa da un-
greTTan. lixtenStaini imyofeba sabaJo kavSirSi Svei-
265 266
cariasTan, romelic icavs mis interesebs sazRvarga- sloveniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
reT.
lixtenStaini erT-erTi yvelaze maRali donis evropis politikuri rukis cvlilebam gamoiwvia
cxovrebis mqone qveyanaa mTel evropaSi. lixtenStainis balkaneTis axali saxelmwifoebis (maT Soris sloveni-
mTebi mimzidvelia alpinizmisaTvis. TxilamurebiT sri- isa da xorvatiis) Camoyalibeba, romlebic maleve gada-
alisa da fexiT seirnobisaTvis. lixtenStaini warmo- iqcnen turistuli moTxovnis centrad.
adgens zamTris dasvenebisTvis (gansakuTrebiT Txila- slovenia alpebispira saxelmwifoa, romelic mdeba-
murebiT srialisaTvis) xelsayrel centrs. qalaqi va- reobs centraluri evropis samxreTiT. mas dasavleTiT
duci aRiarebulia msxvil saerTaSoriso safinanso esazRvreba italia, CrdiloeTiT _ avstria, Crdilo-aR-
centrad. aq ganviTarebulia gadamamuSavebeli mrewve- mosavleTiT_ungreTi, samxreT -aRosavleTiT_ xorvati-
lobis dargebi. misi Semosavlebis miRebis ZiriTad wya- a. samxreT-dasavleTiT adriatikis zRvaze mas aqvs ga-
ros warmoadgens turizmi da safosto markebis gayid- sasvleli, romlis sanapiros sigrZea 46 km. slovenia
va. vaduci mdidaria iseTi turistuli RirsSesaniSnao- aris gaeros, natosa da evrokavSiris wevri qveyana. igi
bebiT, rogoricaa princis sasaxle (agebuli IX sauku- Sedis Sengenis SeTanxmebaSi. sloveniis dedaqalaqia
neSi), goTuri eklesia, romelic agebulia XV saukune- liubliana. oficialuri enaa slovenuri. slovenia
Si, erovnuli muzeumi da safosto markebis muzeumi. aris saparlamento respublika. misi farTobia 20,27
lixtenStaini. aTasi kv. km. 2009 wlis monacemebiT, aq cxovrobs 2 mln
kaci. qveynis saerTo mSp aris 48 mlrd dolari, erT
mosaxleze ki _26,6 aT dolari. misi valutaa evro.
slovenia.
slovenia flobs qvanaxSirs, TuTias, vercxls,

urans, tyvias, vercxliswyals. tyesa da hidroenergeti-
267 268
kul resursebs. misi religiaa kaTolicizmi. am qveyanas am tbis garSemo 1900 wels aSenda ramdenime sastum-
sxvagvarad uwodeben ~evropis mwvane kuTxes”. saerTaSo- ro, romelTac sul SeeZloT 1000 stumaris miReba. 1870
riso turizmis ganviTarebisTvis qveyana aqtiurad iye- wels bledis tbis sakurorto raionSi gaiyvanes rki-
nebs zRvispira ganlagebas, romlis safuZvels warmo- nigza. 1903 wels bledis tbam da misma mimdebare teri-
adgens zRvis sanapiroze dasveneba. aq turizmis ganvi- toriam, rogorc saukeTeso dasasvenebelma adgilma, ve-
Tarebas xels uwyobs sazRvrispira, samkurnalo daniS- naSi gamocxadebul, turistuli produqciis gamofenaze
nulebis kurortebi. aseve alpuri mTispira ganlageba miiRo avstralia-ungreTis imperiis oqros medali.
qveyanas saSualebas aZlevs ganaviTaros saTxilamuro bledis tbis garSemo slovenielebs surT Seqmnan Tana-
kurortebi. medrove rekreaciuli zona, sadac ganviTardeba turiz-
sloveniis yvelaze maRali alpuri mTis simaRlea mis bevri saxeoba: magaliTad, evropaSi sul ufro po-
2864 m, romelic iTvleba qveynis siamayed. igi gamosaxu- pularuli agro-turizmi. bledis kurortis ganviTare-
lia mis erovnul droSaze. sloveniaSi daSvebul bis administraciul gegmaSi aRniSnulia: ~bledi ar
mdinareTa arseboba iZleva raftingis ganviTarebis aris ubralod tba, aramed es aris adgili, romlis
SesaZleblobas. aq atareben konkurss wyalze eqstrema- garSemo dasaxlebulia 11 aTasi mcxovrebi. aq bevri
luri daSvebis sferoSi. sloveniis zRvis sanapiroze lamazi sofelia, romelic CaerTveba am raionis turis-
dasvenebis upiratesobas warmoadgens is, rom klimatu- tul zonaSi. fermerul ojaxSi dasveneba maRali popu-
ri pirobebis mixedviT, igi Seedreba frangul da ita- larobiT sargeblobs mTel evropaSi”.
liur rivieras, magram turistuli momsaxurebis (ker- turistebis upirveles interess warmoadgens li-
Zod, ganTavsebis saSualebebis) fasebi aq bevrad ufro ubliana, romlis mosaxleobac Seadgens 280 aT. kacs. am
dabalia. sloveniaSi ar aris iseTi pirobebi, rogorc qalaqis centrSi aRmarTulia Sua saukuneebis cixe-si-
safrangeTis zRvis sanapiroze, magram wardgenili mom- magre. qalaqis gavliT Camoedineba patara mdinare _
saxurebis xarisxi mTlianad Seesabameba evropul do- liublianica. warsulSi igi gamoiyeneboda satranspor-
nes. sloveniis rivieris sazRvao kurortze, sanapiros to arteriad. liubliana sauniversiteto qalaqia. aq
gaswvriv gadaWimulia sastumroebi da samkurnalo-gama- swavlobs daaxloebiT 50 aTasi studenti.1 qveyanaSi
jansaRebeli kompleqsebi. mravlad arsebobs balneologiuri kurortebi. sloveni-
sloveniis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuT- idan ewyoba erTdRiani turebi mezobel qveynebSi, ker-
vneba liublianas arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, samlocve- Zod italiaSi (triestsa da veneciaSi). Tu venecia,
loebi, tbebi. sloveniaSi dasvenebis popularul ad- upirveles yovlisa, RirsSesaniSnaobaTa kompleqsia,
gils warmoadgens bledis tba, sadac turizmis ganvi- turizmis sferoSi triesti ganixileba rogorc sarfi-
Tareba daiwyo 1854 wels am adgilebis rekreaciuli ani vaWrobis adgili. gansakuTrebiT iyideba iafi, mag-
mimzidvelobis amaRlebisa da adgilobrivi turistuli ram xarisxiani italiuri fexsacmeli. sloveniaSi popu-
resursebis maqsimaluri da racionaluri gamoyenebis larulia turizmis sxva saxeobebic. erT-erTi maTgania
gziT.
1 www.sib-garden.ru/. Международный туризм.
269 270
mTis sufTa mdinareze Tevzaoba. sloveniis sxva turis- gagrZelda 1939 wlamde. am wels sabWoTa kavSirma moax-
tul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens karstuli mRvime- dina poloneTis okupireba. II msoflio oms 6 mln po-
bi. amrigad, turizmis ganviTarebis sferoSi slovenias loneli Seewira. 1945 wlis Semdeg qveyanas daerqva po-
miRebuli aqvs sakmaod didi gamocdileba. slovenie- loneTis saxalxo respublika, romelic ganicdida sab-
lebma SeZles gare turizmis ganviTarebis tendenciis WoTa kavSiris gavlenas. 1989 wlis revoluciis Semdeg
SenarCuneba Sida turizmis aRmavlobis fonze. slove- poloneTi gaTavisuflda socialisturi sistemisagan.
niis moqalaqeTa umravlesoba amjobinebs daisvenon Ta- Tanamedrove etapze poloneTi aris evrokavSiris,
vianT samSobloSi, da ara ucxoeTSi. amis mizezi aris nato-s, gaero-s, msoflio savaWro organizaciis, ekono-
qveynis turistul bazarze mzardi konkurenciis Sede- mikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizacis
gad fasebis vardna da infrastruqturis srulyofa. wevri qveyana. misi dedaqalaqia varSava, oficialuri
ena _ polonuri. igi saparlamento respublikaa. misi
valutaa zloti. poloneTi dayofilia 16 administra-
ciul regionad. igi flobs iseT resursebs, rogorica-
viSegradis qveynebis turistuli potenciali a: qvanaxSiri, gogirdi, spilenZi, bunebrivi airi, ver-
cxli, tyvia, marili da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. sa-
poloneTis turistuli potenciali da misi eqsportod gaaqvs spilenZi, qvanaxSiri, avtomobilebi
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi da fexsacmeli.
poloneTi.
poloneTis respublika mdebareobs centralur ev-
ropaSi. mas dasavleTiT esazRvreba germania samxreTiT
_ CexeTi da slovakeTi, aRmosavleTidan _ ukraina, be-
lorusi da litva, CrdiloeTidan _ baltiis zRva.
qveynis farTobi Seadgens 312,679 aTas kv. km-s. farTobis
mixedviT mas 69-e adgili ukavia mTel msoflioSi, xo-
lo evropaSi ki _ mecxre. 2010 wlis monacemiT, polo-
neTSi cxovrobs 38 mln kaci (mosaxleobis mixedviT mas
34-e adgili ukavia msoflioSi). qveynis saerTo mSp Se-
adgens 631,8 mlrd dolars, erT mosaxleze ki _ 16,6
aTas dolars. poloneTi Camoyalibda 966 wels mieSko
I-is mmarTvelobis dros. 1569 wels moxda misi gaerTia-
neba litvis did samTavrosTan. es Tanamegobroba dai-
Sala 1795 wels da isini gadainawiles ruseTma da av-
striam. 1918 wels pirveli msoflio omis dasru\lebis
Semdeg poloneTma aRidgina damoukidebloba, romelic
271 272
poloneTis teritoriaze SeiZleba gamoyofil iqnes asa da SveicariaSi. amitom poloneTSi dasasveneblad
sami fizikur-geografiuli regioni: CrdiloeTi, cen- moemgzavrebian mezobeli germaniis moqalaqeebi, romel-
traluri da samxreTi. CrdiloeT regioni es aris bor- Tagan bevri polonur provinciebSi awyobs cxenosnobis
cvebiani zona. centraluri regioni warmoadgens vake-- turs. poloneTSi aris varSavisa da krakovis erovnu-
dablobs, romelsac kveTs mdinareebi. samxreT zona gali muzeumebi. am qveynis parkia saqsonuri baRi. polo-
cilebiT ufro mTa-goriania. aq mdebareobs dasavleT neTis teritoriaze gamoiyofa Semdegi saxis turistu-
karpatebis, sudetebisa da aRmosavleT tatrebis mTebi. li raionebi: baltiis zRvis sanapiro, mazivieci, lub-
poloneTis klimati zomieria. igi gadadis zRvis kli- lini, lubuni, loZi, malopolski, opole, sudeti, si-
matidan kontinenturi klimatisaken. am qveynis klima- lezia, karpatebi, didi da mcire poloneTi. qveynis
tur pirobebze gavlenas axdens dasavleTis okeanuri Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi mdebareobs baltiis zRvis
masebis Sejaxeba skandinaviis da ruseTis civ haerTan, 500 km sigrZis sanapiro. aq aris msxvili qalaqebi _
aseve samxreTidan Semomaval, ufro Tbil subtropikul SCecini da gdanski.1
haerTan. mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi dasavleTidan aRmo- gdansks ukavSirdeba msoflio istoriis mniSvnelo-
savleTiT Semodis Rrubliani da wvimiani amindi. zam- vani movlenebi. qalaqSi aris bevri istoriuli RirsSe-
TarSi, rodesac aq gabatonebulia civi kontinenturi saniSnaoba: samefo sasaxleebi, darbazebi da eklesiebi.
haeris masebi, amindi civi da uRrubloa. ianvris saSua- gdanskis CrdiloeTiT agbulia 18 wisqvil-kombinati,
lo temperatura poloneTSi Seadgens -10 _ -50-s, xolo sadac jer kidev XX saukunis 30-ian wlebSi yoveldRi-
ivlisSi ki _ +170 +190-s. urad fqvavdnen 200 t xorbals. qalaqi cnobilia buneb-
poloneTi aris mravalsaukunovani istoriis mqone rivi parkebiT. baltiis zRvis sanapiroze poloneTis
qveyana. XV saukunis dasasruls poloneTi iyo udidesi erovnul parkSi turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron
monarqia. qveyanaSi arsebobs Zlieri religiuri kaTo- qveynis mniSvnelovani turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani.
likuri tradiciebi. yvela sofelsa Tu qalaqSi aris am raionSi tardeba mniSvnelovani musikaluri festiva-
eklesia. poloneTSi aris iuneskos msoflio memkvidre- lebi. poloneTis Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawils uwodeben
obis Semdegi saxis arqiteqturul-kulturuli Zegli: ~evropis mwvane filtvebs”. am mciredasaxlebian raion-
krakovis istoriuli centri, veliCkis marilis Saxta, Si aris xSiri tyeebi da tbebi. poloneTis aRmosavle-
osvencimis sakoncentracio banaki, beloveJis tevri, TiT mdebare teritoriebi izidaven bunebis moyvaru-
Zveli varSava, zamosci, tevtonTa ordenis marienbur- lebs. aq bevri uZvelesi cixe-simagre da eklesiaa. swo-
gis cixesimagre, toruni, kalvaria-zabJidovskis parki, red es cixe-simagreebi warmoadgenen istoriis moyva-
mSvidobis eklesiebi, malopolskis soflis eklesiebi, rulTa dainteresebis obieqts.
muskaus parki da vroclavis saukunis darbazi. lubuSis, velikopolskisa da kuiavo-pomeranias mxa-
poloneTis teritoriaze mdebare karpatisa da sude- reebi aris qveynis centralur da dasavleT nawilSi
tebis mTebSi turistebs sTavazoben iseTi saxis samTo--
saTxilamuro turebs, romelic gacilebiT ufro iafi
1www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного
jdeba, vidre igive saxeobisa da xarisxis turi avstri-
туризма.
273 274
mdebare sasoflo-sameurneo daniSnulebis regioni. aq uxedavad, es sastumro dRemde iTvleba yvelaze kom-
agreTve aris ramdenime samrewvelo centri. am region- fortulad qalaqis farglebSi. XIX saukunis I naxevar-
Si arsebuli bevri tba, mdinare da tye qmnis karg pi- Si centralur moedanze klasikur stilSi aages Teat-
robebs dasvenebisaTvis. istoriuli TvalsazrisiT am ris Senoba. mdinare vislas sanapiroze funqcionirebs
saintereso regionSi aris mravali cixe da sasaxle. sasaqonlo bazari da XIX saukuneSi agebuli banki. var-
didi poloneTi iTvleba poloneTis saxelmwifoebrio- Savis dasaTvaliereblad yovelwliurad Camodis xuTi
bis gansaxierebad. aq iyo poloneTis pirveli dedaqa- milioni kaci.
laqi _ gnezno. am regionis msxvil turistul cen- poloneTis centralur regionSi ZiriTadad gaSene-
trebs warmoadgens qalaqebi_poznani, bidgoSCi da to- bulia sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebi. am regionis
runi. rekreaciuli TvalsazrisiT yvelaze ufro sain- turistul mimzidvelobas, varSavis garda, amaRlebs ev-
teresoa uZvelesi qalaqi_poznani. misi istoria iwyeba ropis uZvelesi mTis masivebi da qalaqebi _loZi, lub-
IX saukunidan. qalaqSi bevri istoriul-kulturuli lini da mazovieci. poloneTis yvelaze ufro dasaxle-
Zegli da arqiteqturuli Sedevria, romelic dakavSire- buli provinciaa mazovieci. qveynis samxreT-dasavleT
bulia poloneli poetis adam mickeviCis saxelTan. misi nawili (sudeti da silezia) odiTganve cnobilia, ro-
saxeli hqvia skversa da universitets. gorc Zveli samrewvelo raioni, iseTi sabazo darge-
varSava umsxvilesi samrewvelo qalaqia centralur biT, rogoricaa samTo-mompovebeli, metalurgiuli da
evropaSi 1918 wlidan. aq mdebareobs fasdaudebeli ar- safeiqro mrewveloba, magram ekonomikaSi mimdinare
qiteqturuli Zeglebi, daaxloebiT 30-mde Teatri, 50- struqturuli Zvrebi, sazogadoebrivi azris evolucia
mde muzeumi da suraTebis galerea. varSava Sedgeba Zve- sul ufro aiZulebs xelisuflebas yuradReba gaamaxvi-
li da axali qalaqisagan. Zveli qalaqi Setanilia iu- los am adgilebis rekreaciul SesaZleblobebze, rome-
neskos msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi. igi aris qala- lic warmodgenilia sxvadasxvagvari reliefiT, lamazi
qis simbolo. Zveli qalaqis bazris moedani mTlianad peizaJebiT, landSaftebiTa da kulturul-istoriuli
aRdgenilia 1945 wlis II msoflio omSi dangrevis Sem- Zeglebis siuxviT.
deg. pirveli masStaburi mSeneblobebi aq daiwyo jer am regionis turistul Rirsebas SeiZleba ganekuT-
kidev XVI_XVII saukuneebSi. Zveli qalaqis bevr maRazi- vnos qalaqi opole, katovice da mlocvelTa centri.
asa da restorans gaaCnia Tavisi tradiciebi. maT stum- sudetisa da sileziis centralur qalaqs warmoadgens
roben gamoCenili sazogado moRvaweebi. Zveli qalaqis evropuli metropolia _vroclavi. evropuli memkvidre-
erT-erTi yvelaze RirsSesaniSnavi Zeglia sakaTedro oba igrZnoba aTaswlovani istoriis mqone qalaq _qvemo
taZari, romelic aages 1683 wels. Zveli varSavis sam- sileziaSi. sxva polonuri qalaqebis msgavsad, tipiu-
xreTiT cixis moedanze agebulia samefo cixe. varSava- ria am qalaqis dagegmarebac: qalaqis Zveli ubani, cen-
Si mdebareobs iablonovskis, ostrogskis, saqsonuri, traluri moedani da bazari da XIII_XIV saukuneebSi
kulturisa da mecnierebis sasaxle. goTur stilSi ori koSkisagan agebuli wm. ioanes saka-
varSavaSi mdebareobs erT-erTi cnobili sastumro_- Tedro taZari. vroclavi warmoadgens erT-erT umsxvi-
bristoli. igi aages 1899 wels. mZafri konkurenciis mi-
275 276
les samecniero centrs poloneTSi. adgilobriv uni- CexeTis turistuli potenciali da
versitetebSi ganaTlebas iRebs 80-mde aTasi studenti. misi gamoyeneba
mcire poloneTi da karpati mdebareobs qveynis sam-
xreTiT. krakovis raioni da tatrebis maRali mTebi iT- CexeTis respublika damoukidebel saxelmwifod ga-
vleba qveynis mniSvnelovan turistul centrad. qveynis daiqca 1993 wels yofili Cexoslovakiis CexeTad da
aRmosavleTiT, ukrainisa da slovakeTis sazRvrebTan slovakeTad daSlis Semdeg. 1999 wlidan igi aris nato-
mdebare teritoriebi erT-erT yvelaze naklebaddasax- s, xolo 2004 wlidan ki - evrokavSiris wevri qveyana.
lebuli regionia mTel evropaSi da imavdroulad yve- CexeTi mdebareobs centralur evropaSi. misi mosazR-
laze sainteresoa bunebaSi dasvenebis TvalsazrisiT. vre saxelmwifoebia: poloneTi, slovakeTi, avstria da
mcire poloneTSi mdebareobs qalaqi krakovi. Sua sau- germania. misi farTobia 78,886 aTasi kv. km. CexeTi aris
kuneebis krakovSi mdebareobda samefo rezidencia. 2000 saparlamento demokratiuli respublika. igi adminis-
wels krakovs mieniWa evropuli kulturis qalaqis ti- traciulad dayofilia 13 mxared. 2011 wlis monaceme-
tuli. Zveli qalaqi_krakovi, erovnuli muzeumiT, Seta- biT, CexeTis mosaxleobaa 10,6 mln kaci, qveynis saerTo
nilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi. qalaqs mSp aris 285 mlrd dolari, xolo erT mosaxleze mo-
gaaCnia Suasaukuneebis arqiteqturis Zegli _ wm. marias weuli erovnuli Semosavali Seadgens 27 aTas dolars.
RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZari. krakovis centrSi qveynis oficialuri enaa Cexuri, xolo religia ki _
funqcionirebs mravali kafe-bari. kaTolicizmi. igi mdidaria qvanaxSiriT, TixiT, grafi-
qalaq krakovSi mTavari bazrisa da wminda mariamis tiTa da saSeni xe-tyis masaliT. am qveyanaSi ganviTare-
eklesiis mimdebare teritoriaze cxovrobs 70 aTasi eb- bulia kvebis mrewveloba da soflis meurneoba. CexeTi
raeli. II msoflio omis dros germanelma nacistebma axdens manqanaTmSeneblobis produqciis, satransporto
gaanadgures isini poloneTSi ganlagebul sakoncen- saSualebis, qimikatebis, rkinisa da minis eqsports. mi-
tracio banakebSi. osvencimis sakoncentracio banaki si valutaa Cexuri krona.
turistebs axsenebs nacistebis mier kacobriobis wina- CexeTi.
Se Cadenil saSinel danaSaulebs. wlidan wlamde iz-
rdeba ebraelTa istoriisa da kulturisadmi interesi.
tatrebis maRal mTebSi mdebareobs samTo-saTxilamuro
kurortebi da mravali erovnuli parki. amrigad, polo-
neTi, Tavisi istoriiTa da ganumeorebeli bunebriv-rek-
reaciuli potencialiT, Zalian mimzidvelia saerTaSo-
riso turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT.
277 278
CexeTis dedaqalaqia praRa, xolo istoriul-kul- tri_brno, sadac gaxsnilia saerTaSoriso savaWro baz-
turuli memkvidreobis flobis TvalsazrisiT mniSvne- robebi.
lovania iseTi qalaqebi, rogoricaa: brno, plzeni, Ces- mravali saukunis ganmavlobaSi praRa ganacvifreb-
kikrumlovi, kutna-hora, telCi, ostrava, olomouci da da turistebs Tavisi silamaziT. Tanamedrove praRis
libereci. praRa aris CexeTis istoriuli centri safuZvels warmoadgens Suasaukunovani cixe-simagreebi.
(XIII_XVII ss), sadac mravlad aris iseTi istoriul- dedaqalaqis mniSvnelovan Senobas warmoadgens praRis
kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi, rogoricaa: karlis kremli. mdinare vltavaze gadaWimulia karlis lamazi
xidi (XIV s), praRis sasaxle (XV s), wm. vitas taZari xidi, romelic agebuli iqna 1357 wels karl IV-is brZa-
(XIV s) da ratuSa (XIV s). brnoSi mdebareobs wminda nebis Tanaxmad. karlis xidiT iwyeba praRis Zveli uba-
petresa da pavles taZari (XV s); plzeni gamoirCeva wm. ni (Zveli praRa). centraluri moedniT, romelic adre
barTlomes eklesiiT (XIII s); Ceskikrumlovi cnobilia iyo qalaqis savaWro centri. Zveli ubnis moedanze mde-
Tavisi istoriuli centriT, xolo kutna-hora Tavad bare yvelaze mniSvnelovan istoriul SenobaTa ricxvs
warmoadgens Suasaukuneebis ~vercxlis” qalaqs. ganekuTvneba XIV saukuneSi agebuli cixe-darbazi ori-
ganviTarebul qveynebs Soris CexeTis centraluri ginaluri saaTiT, romlis sanaxavad aq Camodis uamravi
ganlageba asrulebs misi ekonomikuri ganviTa\rebis turisti. aqvea Suasaukuneebis eklesia ori koSkiTa da
xelSemwyobi faqtoris rols. am qveynis teritoria zariT. istoriuli saxlebiT gaSenebul gragnil quCebs
Sedgeba vakeebis, borcvebisa da platoebisagan, romle- Zveli qalaqis moednidan turistebi gahyavT barTlomes
bic garSemortymulni arian dabali mTebiT. CexeTSi Zi- samlocvelomde. es aris CexeTis yvelaze cnobili sa-
riTadad cxovrobs erTi erovnebis mqone mosaxleoba, suliero saswavlebeli, romlis magistri iyo CexeTis
romelTac yofil socialistur qveynebs Soris miaRwi- erovnuli gmiri_ian husi. praRaSi muzeumTa didi rao-
es erT-erT yvelaze mniSvnelovan gardaqmnebs ekonomi- denobaa. turistebisaTvis praRis erT-erTi aRiarebuli
kaSi. ubania praRis axali moedani, sadac imyofeba erovnuli
bolo dros CexeTis ekonomikuri zrdis mniSvnelo- muzeumi da praRis lamazi maRaziebi.
vani faqtori gaxda turizmi. CexeTSi turistebs izi- CexeTis respublika aris didi raodenobis Sua sau-
davs praRis istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaoba, mkurnaloba kuneebis cixe-simagreTa qveyana. praRis siaxloves mde-
Termul kurortebze. dauviwyar STabeWdilebas tovebs bareobs karlis cixe-simagre, romelic XIV saukuneSi
turistebSi CexeTis samxreTiT mdebare qalaqebsa da aago mefe karl IV-m. cixis mSenebloba gagrZelda ram-
Sua saukuneebis arqiteqturis cixe-simagreebSi mogzau- denime wels. CexeTis respublikaSi sakurorto-barneo-
roba. CexeTis arqiteqturis Sedevria praRis erovnuli logiuri saqmianoba daiwyo jer kidev Soreul war-
Teatri da ~mocekvave” saxli. qveynis istoriuli Seno- sulSi. erT-erT aseT pirvel kurorts warmoadgens sa-
ba-nagebobebia kromerJiJis arqiepiskoposis sasaxle, mefo karis kurorti. turistebisaTvis ukve didi xania
ludnice-valtices kulturuli landSafti, olomou- cnobilia am regionis 80-mde cxeli, samkurnalo wyaro-
cis wminda samebis sasaxleTa kompleqsi da tugendha- ebi, magram Tavad kurorti daarsda mxolod XIV sauku-
tis vila. aqve aRsaniSnavia CexeTis istoriuli cen- nis dasawyisSi. CexeTis samefo kurortis daarsebis Se-
279 280
saxeb arsebobs ramdenime legenda. maT Soris yvelaze XIX saukunis dasawyisSi. am dros aq mkurnalobda na-
gavrcelebul legendaSi kurortis damaarseblad iT- poleonis omis bevri daWrili jariskaci. qveynis buneb-
vleba karl IV. kurortis Tavze aRmarTulia irmis qan- riv RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens qalaq brnodan da-
dakeba, romelsac ewodeba ~irmis naxtomi”. savleTiT mdebare uamravi gamoqvabuli, romelic am re-
dasavleTiT mdebare sakurorto raioni, samefo ka- gionSi Camosuli ucxoeli turistebisaTvis cnobili
ris kurortis garda, moicavs sxva kurortebsac, ro- iyo jer kidev XVII saukuneSi. gamoqvabulebi damsvene-
melTac gaaCniaT xelsayreli adgilmdebareoba. isini bels izidavda imiT, rom turistebs SeeZloT aq enaxaT
mdebareoben mTis xeobaSi, zRvis donidan 630 metris ~pirvelyofili cxovelebis” Zvlebi. maTi dafqvevis Se-
simaRleze da garSemortymulni arian tyis ferdobiani degad miRebuli fxvnili warmoadgens bevri saxis daa-
mTebiT, romlebic simaRliT 900 metrs aRwevs. mTebi xe- vadebis gankurnvis wamals. CexeTSi didi moTxovniT
obas icaven CrdiloeTisa da Crdilo-dasavleTis qari- sargeblobs saganmanaTleblo turizmi. CexeTis respub-
sagan, romelic qmnis subalpuri xasiaTis klimats. es likaSi bevria msoflio donis umaRlesi saswavlebeli.
kurortebi cnobilia didi raodenobis mineraluri wya- maT Soris yvelaze cnobilia praRis universiteti.
roebiT. miuxedavad imisa, rom wyaroebi koncentrirebu-
lia mcire teritoriaze, maT aqvT sruliad sxvadas-
xvagvari qimiuri Semadgenloba. am mineraluri wyaroe- slovakeTis turistuli potenciali da misi
biT mkurnaloben kuW-nawlavis traqtas (saWmlis momne-
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi
lebel sistemas), sasunTq organoebs, saSvilosnos an-
TebiT procesebs da sxva saxis daavadebebs. maTi meSve-
slovakeTi mdebareobs centralur evropaSi. mas
obiT xdeba nervuli sistemisa da gul-sisxlZarRvTa
esazRvreba CexeTi, poloneTi, ukraina, ungreTi da av-
daavadebebisagan avadmyofTa gankurnva.
stria. am qveynis farTobia 49 aT km2. 2007 wlis monace-
aRmosavleT regionSi mdebareobs CexeTis respubli-
mebiT, slovakeTis mosaxleobaa 5,5 mln kaci, misi saer-
kis yvelaze maRali mTebi, romlebic cnobilni arian
To mSp Seadgens 108,3 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT
qveynis sakurorto raionebiT. maRal mTebSi gadis Ce-
mosaxleze ki _ 18 aTas dolars. qveynis valutaa slo-
xeT-poloneTis saxelmwifo sazRvari. am mxareSi aris
vakuri krona. 2004 wlidan igi aris evrokavSiris wevri
erovnuli nakrZali, sadac 1600 metris simaRleze aR-
qveyana. slovakeTi aris demokratiuli saparlamento
marTulia Tovliani mTebi. am mTis ferdobebze ganla-
respublika. administraciulad igi iyofa 8 regionad.
gebulia patara xis saxlebi. aq aSenebuli turistuli
slovakeTis dedaqalaqia bratislava. qveynis oficia-
centri cnobilia Tavisi Tbili, samkurnalo-barneolo-
luri enaa slovakuri. misi religiaa kaTolicizmi.
giuri wyaroebiT. CexeTis respublika cnobilia agreT-
udidesi qalaqebia: bratislava koSice, nitra, Jilina
ve Zveli sakurorto adgilebiTac. adgilobrivi barne-
da preSovi.
ologiuri wyaroebis uxsovar droSi gamoyenebis Sesa-
slovakeTi flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogo-
xeb mowmobs romis imperiis epoqis monacemebi. am ku-
ricaa: mura naxSiri, rkinis, spilenZisa da manganumis
rortebis ayvaveba daiwyo XVIII saukunis bolosa da
281 282
madani, marili da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. mas saeq- slovakeTis mniSvnelovani turistuli potencialia
sportod gaaqvs rkinis madani, qimikatebi, navTob-pro- Tavmoyrili tatris mTebSi. isini iWeren 260 km2 far-
duqtebi da iaraRi. slovakeTi, CexeTis msgavsad, damou- Tobs, xolo simaRliT ki aRweven 2663 m-s. .Tumca es
kidebel saxelmwifod Camoyalibda 1993 wels yofili mTebi alpebTan SedarebiT dabalia, magram alpebTan
Cexoslovakiis mSvidobianad daSlis gziT. qveyanam ai- SedarebiT, slovakeTis mimdebare teritoriebze ganla-
Ro kursi evrokavSirsa da natoSi integraciaze. garda- gebuli tatris mTebi bevrad ufro xelmisawvdomia tu-
mavali etapi qveynisTvis gamodga mZime. privatizaciis ristebisaTvis. aq sakmaod kargi gzebia dagebuli, rome-
procesma gazarda umuSevarTa ricxvi, romelic dResac lic mzadaa turistebis miRebisaTvis. tatrebis maRal
20%-s Seadgens. slovakeTSi mwvaved dgas eTnikur umci- mTebSi damsveneblebi xvdebian bevr tbas (myinvarebis
resobaTa problema. ungrelebi iTxoven politikuri dnobis kvals). gasaocaria Tavisi silamaziT tatris
problemebis gadaWras, boSebi ki_socialuri probleme- kldovani mTebis CanCqerebic. am mTebis samxreTiT mde-
bis gadaWras. slovakeTis RirsSesaniSnaobebia maRali bare ferdobebi dafarulia wiflis tyeebiT. igi mdida-
tatris mTebi, banska-Stiavnica, folkloruli arqiteq- ria sufTa haeriT. es adgilebi cnobilia sanatoriume-
turis sofeli_ vlkolineci. bis funqcionirebisaTvis, romelSic kurnaven tuberku-
bratislava, turistuli moTxovnis TvalsazrisiT, lozsa da asTmas. tatrebSi mdebareobs karstuli mRvi-
cnobilia aramarto Tavisi samTo-saTxilamuro kuror- meebi da samkurnalo kurortebi1.
tebiT, aramed avstriis da sxva mezobeli qveynebis mo-
qalaqeebi aq Camodian agreTve iafi Sesyidvebis ganxor-
cielebisaTvis. slovakeTis dedaqalaqi mdidaria Tavi-
ungreTis turistuli potenciali da misi
si turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebiT. warsulSi, romis
imperiis Tavdasxmebisagan Tavis dasacavad, bratislava
upiratesobani
gamagrebuli iyo qvis cixe-koSkebiT mdinare dunais sa-
napiroebze. bratislavas sasaxleSi isvenebda gzad mi- ungreTis respublika mdebareobs slovakeTis res-
mavali romis imperatori. SemdgomSi bratislava Semo- publikis samxreTiT. mas esazRvreba agreTve avstria,
sazRvruli iqna ungreTis cixe-simagreebiT, radganac ukraina, rumineTi, serbeTi, xorvatia da slovenia. misi
am qalaqis gavliT gadiodnen gzas poloneli mebrZo- farTobia 93 aTasi kv. km. aq mdebareobs udidesi tba
leebi. Sedegad bratislava gadaiqca sasaxleebis aR- _balatoni. ungreTis dedaqalaqia budapeSti. qveynis
mSeneblobisa da xelovnebis ayvavebis centrad. oficialuri enaa ungruli, xolo religia ki_kaToli-
bratislavaSi gamarTa Tavisi pirveli koncerti cizmi. ungreTi saparlamento respublikaa. erovnuli
axalgazrda mocartma, sityviT gamovida 9 wlis ferenc valutaa forinti.
listi. bratislavaSi bevri muzeumia: slovakeTis erov-
nuli muzeumi, meRvineobis muzeumi, iaraRis muzeumi,
slovakeTis erovnuli galerea.
283 284
ungreTi. budapeSti cnobilia aramarto istoriul-kultu-
rul centrad, aramed sportul RonisZiebaTa Catarebis
adgiladac. aq yovel wels tardeba rok-festivali. bu-
dapeStSi turistebs sTavazoben e. w. ~specialur ba-
raTs”, romelic maT aZlevs sxvadasxva saxis servisze
fasdaklebisa da ufasod transportirebis saSualebas.
budapeSti aris erTaderTi qalaqi mTel msoflioSi,
sadac kargadaa dagegmarebuli turistebis misvla mine-
ralur wyaroebamde. amitom nebismierma qveyanam unda
gaiTvaliswinos budapeStis qalaquri dagegmarebis ga-
mocdileba. qalaqis centri, romelSic Tavmoyrilia
mravali istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaoba, turistebis moZ-
ungreTis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs warmoad- raobis gamo, gadatvirTulia. aseT adgilebSi savaWro
gens: budapeSti-dunais sanapiro, cixis kvartali, par- kompleqsi ganlagebulia miwis siRrmeSi.
lamentis Senoba (XIX s.), erovnuli muzeumi, eklesiebi ungreTis mniSvnelovani turistuli resursia bala-
iakSi (XIII s.) da niirbatorSi (XV s.), esterhazis sasax- tonis tbis sakurorto zona, romlis samxreT sanapiro
le ferSedSi (XVIII s.), taZrebi tatSi (XVIII s.), peCSi mimzidvelia ojaxebis dasvenebisa da curvis ucodi-
(XI s.) da sofeli _ hiloko. narTaTvis. aq sanapirodan 200_300 metris daSorebiTac
saerTaSoriso turizmis TvalsazrisiT, ungreTSi ki wylis siRrme ar aWarbebs 1 metrs. curvis moyvaru-
sainteresoa budapeStis turistul-rekreaciuli Rir- lebi isveneben tbis CrdiloeT sanapiroze, sadac wya-
sSesaniSnaoba. garda amisa, qveyana cnobilia balatonis li SedarebiT Rrmaa. balatonis tbis irgvliv gaSene-
tbis sakurorto zoniT _ samkurnalo-barneologiuri bulia balneologiuri kurortebi, romelTa popula-
kurortebiT. dunai budapeSts yofs or nawilad. mdina- roba ganpirobebulia evropis umsxvilesi Termuli
ris urTierTmopirdapired mdebare sanapiroebs aerTia- tbis wyalobiT. zamTarSi tbis temperatura ar ecema
nebs Svidi saavtomobilo da ori sarkinigzo magistra- 250-ze qveviT.
lis damakavSirebeli xidi. budapeSti msoflios erT-
erTi yvelaze lamazi qalaqia. misi yvelaze cnobili
RirsSesaniSnaobaa budas cixesimagre, dunais sanapiro-
ze mdebare parlamentis SenobiTa da andraSis gamzi- dasavleT evropis turistuli potenciali
riT. budas cixesimagris mimdebare teritoria warmod-
genilia iseTi RirsSesaniSnaobebiT, rogoricaa budas dasavleT evropas ganekuTvneba safrangeTi, belgia,
mxare. mas miekuTvneba budapeStis istoriuli da iara- niderlandebi, luqsemburgi, didi britaneTi da irlan-
Ris muzeumebi, ungreTis erovnuli galerea. dia.
285 286
safrangeTis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, warmoadgens industrul
qveyanas, sadac udidesi mniSvneloba eniWeba soflis
safrangeTis respublika mdebareobs dasavleT ev- meurneobisa da momsaxurebis dargTa ganviTarebas. mTe-
ropaSi. igi moicavs evropis am nawilis ramdenime kun- li msofliosTvis cnobilia franguli Rvino, koniaki
Zulsa da zRvispira teritoriebis nawils. mas esazR- da Sampanuri. qveyana mdidaria mdinareebiT.
vreba belgia, luqsemburgi, germania, Sveicaria, italia, safrangeTi.
monako, espaneTi da andora. safrangeTi dakavSirebulia
gaerTianebul samefosTan evrogvirabiT, romelic ga-
dis inglisis arxis qveS. safrangeTi ganviTarebuli
qveyanaa. igi mexuTe adgilzea mTliani Sida produqci-
is mixedviT mTel msoflioSi. igi yvelaze metad mona-
xulebadi qveyanaa mTel evropaSi, romelic yovelwli-
urad iRebs 82 mln turists. igi aris gaero-s erT-erTi
damaarsebeli qveyana da aseve didi rvianis, evrokavSi-
ris, natos, ekonomikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTa-
rebis organizaciis, msoflio savaWro organizaciis
wevri saxelmwifo. safrangeTi aris gaeros uSiSroebis
sabWos xuTi mudmivi wevridan erT-erTi. misi dedaqala-
qia parizi, oficialuri ena_franguli. safrangeTi
aris naxevradsaprezidento respublika. igi farTobiT
551,7 aTasi kv. km-ia. 2010 wlis monacemebiT aq cxovrobs
65,5 mln kaci, xolo qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 2,13
trln dolars, erT mosaxleze 34 aT. dolars. misi va-
safrangeTi warmodgenilia mdidari landSaftiT.
luta aris evro.
aq aris atlantis okeanis kldovani sanapiro, farTo
safrangeTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis xmelTaSua
velebi, daTovlili mTebi, xmelTaSua zRvispira qviSia-
zRvis kunZuli _ korsika. qveyana Sedgeba 26 regionisa-
ni sanapiroebi, mdinareebi _ sena da marna. aRmosavle-
gan. maT Soris 22 (romelic Tavis mxriv dayofilia 96
TiT aris tyis masivebi, samxreTiT ki _ mTebi. safran-
departamentad) mdebareobs Tavad safrangeTis terito-
geTis yvelaze grZeli mdinarea luara. am qveyanaSi aR-
riaze, xolo 4 ki_zRvis gadaRma mxares. esenia: gvade-
marTulia pirineisa da alpuri mTebi. safrangeTSi
lupa, martinika, gviana da reiunioni. qveynis reliefSi
klimati aris kontinenturi, okeanuri. aq klimati rbi-
Warbobs vakeebi da dablobebi. misi umaRlesi mwverva-
li da nestiania, gazafxuli wvimiania, zafxuli Seda-
lia monblani. safrangeTi flobs iseT bunebriv resur-
rebiT _ Tbili. ianvris saSualo temperaturaa 00, xo-
sebs, rogoricaa: urani, qvanaxSiri, boqsitebi, rkinis
lo zafxulis ki +250. teritoriis mixedviT igi erT-
madani, TuTia, marili, saSeni masala da Tevzi. igi,
287 288
erTi udidesi qveyanaa evropaSi ruseTisa da ukrainis wlebSi qveynis prezidentma Sarl de golma konstruq-
Semdeg. popularul turistul mimarTulebaTa mixed- ciuli Sida da sagareo politikis gatarebiT, SeZlo II
viT safrangeTi ikavebs meore adgils amerikis Semdeg. msoflio omis Sedegad dangreuli qveynis aRdgena da
safrangeTis geografiuli mdebareoba xasiaTdeba safrangeTis zegavlenis sferoSi yofili koloniebis
ori mTavari maxasiaTebeli TvisebiT: 1. misi ganlageba SenarCuneba.
evropis dasavleTiT, maRalganviTarebul qveynebs So- safrangeTis dasaxlebis garTulebuli sistema ga-
ris; da 2. zRvaze gasasvleli, rac mas saSualebas aZ- napiroba im faqtma, rom am qveynis yvela gza midis pa-
levs, okeanis miRma da sxva evropul saxelmwifebTan rizisaken. parizi mdebareobs mdinare senas sanapiros
dasakavSireblad, isargeblos iafi sazRvao transpor- mimdebare teritoriaze. qalaqis mzardi urbanizacia da
tiT. safrangeTi mdidaria bunebriv-klimaturi pirobe- hiperganviTareba iqca qveynis erT-erT mniSvnelovan re-
biT, rac xels uwyobs am qveyanaSi soflis meurneobisa gionul problemad. gasuli aTaswleulis ganmavlobaSi
da turizmis ganviTarebas. aq gamoiyofa 3 bunebriv-kli- parizi ganviTarda, rogorc kulturuli, ise politi-
maturi zona: 1. CrdiloeTi _ mkacri sazRvao klimatiT; kuri centri, romelmac Secvala Tavad msoflio isto-
2. centraluri masivi, romelsac Sualeduri ganlageba riac ki. igi, rogorc safrangeTis dedaqalaqi, cnobi-
aqvs da xasiaTdeba temperaturis mkveTri cvlilebiT; lia jer kidev 987 wlidan. parizis quCebs gaaCnia
3. samxreTi_xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimatiT. mkveTrad gamoxatuli radialur-wriuli ganlageba,
safrangeTis istoria uZvelesi droidan iwyeba, ra- romelic koncentrirebuli wreebiT ukavSirdeba mwvane
zec metyvelebs mravali arqeologiuri Zegli. safran- bulvars. parizis universiteti daarsda 1215 wels, sa-
geTis ganviTareba daiwyo jer kidev rkinis xanidan. dac swavla SeuZlia yvela asakis adamians.
qveyanam Tavis siZlieres miaRwia karlos didis dros, turistebs parizis lamazi panoramis naxva SeuZli-
am teritoriaze germaneli frankebis Camosaxlebis Sem- aT eifelis koSkidan, romelic aSenda 1887 _ 89 wleb-
deg. frankTa saxelmwifo iqca imperiad, romelic dai- Si. es aris liTonis konstruqcia Sam-de-marsze senas-
Sala saTaveSi hugo kapetis mosvlis Semdeg. dasavleT Tan. igi aris parizis yvelaze maRali Senoba da saf-
evropaSi qristianoba gavrcelda swored safrangeTi- rangeTis yvelaze cnobili simbolo. mas es saxeli da-
dan. XVII saukuneSi safrangeTSi monarqiis damxobis erqva proeqtis avtoris, inJineris gustav eifelis sa-
Semdeg igi gadaiqca respublikur saxelmwifod. saf- pativcemulod. eifelis koSki qalaqis yvelaze popula-
rangeTi iyo msoflioSi pirveli burJuaziuli respub- ruli turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobaa, romelsac weli-
lika. am qveynis mier koloniebis dapyrobam igi aqcia wadSi 5,5 mln-ze meti damTvalierebeli hyavs. parizis
Zlier saxelmwifod. napoleon bonapartis mier warmoe- quCebs gaaCniaT kuriozuli saxelebi: samoTxis, jojo-
bulma omebma qveyana aqcia erT-erT uZlieres imperiad. xeTis, RmerTis, satanis, adamis, babilonis quCebi da a.
XIX saukuneSi safrangeTma daipyro uzarmazari teri- S. aTeulobiT quCasa da moedans hqvia gamoCenili ada-
toriebi afrikasa da aziaSi, magram XIX_XX saukuneTa mianebis _ hiugos, balzakis da sxvaTa saxelebi. isini
mijnaze germaniasTan warmoebulma omebma daasusta atareben geografiul saxelebsac: amerikis skveri, ev-
safrangeTis koloniuri imperia. XX saukunis 50-ian ropis moedani, italiis, argentinis, moskovis quCebi da
289 290
a. S. parizis turistuli Rirseba aris xelovnebis presionistTa muzeumi, gardorse, Suasaukuneebis xe-
brwyinvale Sedevri _ parizis RvTismSoblis taZari lovnebis muzeumi da rodenis muzeumi. garda amisa, pa-
(notr-dami). misi mSenebloba daiwyo XII s-Si. taZars ga- rizSi Tavmoyrilia didi raodenobis koleqciebi, saga-
aCnia 130 m sigrZe da 48 m sigane. mofeno darbazebi, saintereso eqsponatebi.
safrangeTi ganviTarebuli turistuli industriis mTeli qalaqi, Tavisi uZvirfasesi sasaxleebiT, uni-
qveyanaa. ZviradRirebuli kurortebis (kanis, nicas, sen- kaluri arqiteqturuli ansamblebiT da skulpturebiT,
tropes) gverdiT aq turistebs xvdeba SedarebiT da- turistebis winaSe iSleba, rogorc uZvirfasesi muzeu-
balfasiani turistuli zonebi. safrangeTis alpebi mi. parizSi imarTeba umaRlesi donis samodelo Cvenebe-
mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi iRebs turistebs. umaRles bi. maRali moda ukavSirdeba iseT modeliorTa da di-
donezea ayvanili sastumroTa servisi, rasac didi mo- zainerTa saxelebs, rogoricaa ivsen lorai, koko Sane-
geba moaqvs qveynisaTvis. miuxedavad ori msoflio omi- li, kristian diori, pier kardeni da sxvebi. maTi samo-
sa, parizi gamoirCeva SesaniSnavi bulvarebiTa da in- delo saxlebi dRes msoflio samodelo saxlebadaa
frastruqturiT (luvri, versali, triumfaluri TaRi, qceuli. parfiumeria, saiuveliro nakeTobebi, samode-
vandomis moedani, tuilris baRi, eifelis koSki, dor- lo saxlebTan erTad, Seadgens didi ~luqsis indus-
ses sadguri, parizis RvTismSoblis taZari _ es is na- trias”. gazafxulsa da Semodgomaze aq yoveldRiurad
gebobebia, romelic izidavs milionobiT turists. is- imarTeba gamofenebi, romelic sezonebTanaa dakavSire-
toriuli adgilebi, mdidruli kafeebi, mefeTa sasaxle- buli.
ebi, aristokratiuli rezidenciebi, ultraTanamedrove parizi cnobilia garTobis industriiTac. aq mdeba-
maRalsarTuliani saxlebi parizs aZlevs sicocxliT reobs 100 Teatri da kafe, 400 kinoTeatri. garda saope-
aRsavse qalaqis ier-saxes. aq mdebareobs 2000-mde monu- ro da dramatuli Teatrebisa, aq mdebareobs mravali
menti, 200 muzeumi da sxva mTavari RirsSesaniSnaobebi saestrado da sakoncerto darbazi, sacekvao barebi da
mdinare senas sanapiroze. Ramis klubebi. isini Tavmoyrilia sam adgilze: monpar-
kunZul siteze ganTavsebulia msoflios erT-erTi nasi_md. senas marcxena sanapiro, sen-Jermen-de-pre _mon-
RirsSesaniSnavi muzeumi _ luvri. luvridan eliseis marti _ md. senas marjvena sanapiro. mdinaris orive sa-
mindvrebis mimarTulebiT tuilris baRSi mdebareobs napiroze uwyvetliv ganlagebulia restornebi, kafeebi,
impresionistebisa da oranJeris muzeumi. eliseis min- Ramis klubebi. aqvea pigalis moedani, kafe-bari ~mulen
dvrebis marcxniv mdebareobs ori msgavsi Senoba: gran- ruJi”, restorani `la vini”. mravali kulturuli da
pale da pti-pale. pirvelSi imarTeba sezonuri gamofe- istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaoba mdebareobs parizis Semo-
nebi, meoreSi ganTavsebulia qalaqis muzeumi, sadac garenSi. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania versalis sasax-
inaxeba xelovnebis nimuSebi. luvridan marjvniv mdeba- le, rambuies arqiteqturuli ansambli_ prezidentis
reobs pompadus centri, sadac inaxeba XX saukunis na- rezidencia, vensenkis cixesimagre, kondes ojaxis sa-
xatebi da skulpturebi. misgan odnav moSorebiT mdeba- saxle SantSi, sen-denis taZari _ episkoposis reziden-
reobs parizis istoriis muzeumi. yvelaze didi muzeu- cia da XII _ XVI saukuneebis safrangeTis mefeTa sa-
mebi mdebareobs mdinare senas marcxena sanapiroze: im- kurTxeveli, Sartris taZari, erovnuli istoriuli mu-
291 292
zeumi, sen-Jermen-an-senis cixesimagre, sadac moTavsebu- samde. laJvardovani sanapiro mTeli wlis ganmavloba-
lia msoflios mdidari istoriuli epoqis nivTebis ko- Si warmoadgens turistebisaTvis erT-erT ZiriTad mi-
leqcia. marTulebas, msoflioSi cnobili kulturuli RirsSe-
parizis SemogarenSi mdebareobs evrodisneilendi. saniSnaobis gamo: kanis saerTaSoriso kinofestivali
es gasarTobi kompleqsi Zalian popularulia turis- (yovelwliurad tardeba maisSi), karnavali nicaSi
tebs Soris. mas orjer meti vizitori yavs vidre luv- (tardeba Tebervlis TveSi). aq mdebareobs mravali mu-
rsa da eifelis koSks. turistebis did interess iwvevs zeumebi, gamofenebi, maRaziebi, zooparki, samorineebi,
Sua saukuneebis cixe-simagreebi md. luaras sanapiroze: Ramis klubebi, spektaklebi da sxva.
Senonso, anJe, ambuazi, Sambora, Senoni da sxvebi. anJe- angulebTan axlos mdebareobs XVII saukunis fran-
dan, Senonidan, klasikuri stilis az-le-ridodan da gi mwerlebis dasasvenebeli adgili _ lariSfuko. san-
Senonsodan kargad Cans warsuli epoqis ~suli, saidum- toJeSi warmodgenilia kargad Semonaxuli romanuli
loeba da romantizmi”. TiToeul maTgans aqvs Tavisi eklesiebi. msoflioSi cnobilia safrangeTis alpebis
istoria, romelic mdidaria daujerebeli ambebiTa da samTo kurortebi: lezarki, laplani, meniuiri, vald-i-
faqtebiT. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iqcevs rivieras zeri, meribeli, Samoni da sxva. momblanidan mTel siv-
regioni _ laJvardovani sanapiro, romelic mdebareobs rceSi CrdiloeTidan ukidures samxreTiT mdebare
safrangeTis samxreTiT da esazRvreba italiis rivie- mTebze ganlagebulia Tanamedroved aRWurvili saTxi-
ras. mziani plaJebi, CogburTis moednebi, muzeumebi, fe- lamuro trasebi, romlebic erTmaneTTan dakavSirebu-
Senebeluri sastumroebi, myudro kafeebi qmnian si- lia Cqarosnuli avtostradebiT. turistebis yuradRe-
cocxliT aRsavse axal samyaros. es sanapiro stumrebs bas iwvevs franguli samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebis
sTavazobs peizaJebis did palitras, SesaniSnav adgi- maRalxarisxianoba. samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebi dam-
lebs seirnobisa da garTobisaTvis. regioni ikavebs 43 svenebels sTavazobs sxvadasxva saxis 80 saTxilamuro
aTas kv. km-s, 120 km sanapiro zoliT, 40 km plaJiT. te- trasas sirTulis mixedviT 150 km-mde.
ritoriis 80% mTiani masivia, 175 h. tyiT, 1000 uxvi mdi- kurortebis specifikuroba gamoixateba simaRlidan
nariT. sanapiroze infrastruqtura maRalganviTarebu- daSvebis adgilebiT. dasaSvebi sadgurebi ganlagebu-
lia. sarkinigzo da saavtomobilo gzebis qseli regi- lia 1200 m-dan, 3000 m-mde. aqedan SesaZlebelia 2000 m-is
ons akavSirebs safrangeTisa da evropis qalaqebTan. manZilze daSveba, rac iZleva swrafi daSvebis saSua-
nicis saerTaSoriso aeroporti mniSvnelovan lebas. samTo turizmTan erTad aq SesaZlebelia spor-
rols TamaSobs turizmis ganviTarebaSi. igi weliwadSi tis sxvadasxva saxeobiT dakaveba. aq moemarTebian ara-
8,6 mln adamians emsaxureba, 80 saerTaSoriso marSru- marto sportsmenebi SejibrebebisaTvis, aramed gulSe-
tiT 28 qveyanas Soris da iRebs TviTmfrinavebs 45 avia- matkivrebic. yvelaze sanaxaobriv sportul RonisZiebad
xazidan. aq sastumro momsaxureba Sedgeba luqsis kla- iTvleba monte karlos avtorali Tebervlis TveSi, 24
sis da sastumro rezidenciisagan. kongresis 9 sasaxle- saaTiani avto Sejibrebebi le-manSi, franguli derbi
Si maRal doneze SeiZleba Catardes saqmiani Sexvedre- SantSi, tur de fransi _ velorbola ivlisis TveSi.
bi. 19 samTo kurorti funqcionirebs dekembridan mai- garda amisa, 1998 wels Catarda msoflio Cempionati
293 294
fexburTSi da Ria Cempionati CogburTSi. parizi iT- Sis srutiTa da irlandiis zRviT. qveyana safrangeTs
vleba msoflio liderad konferenciebisa da maRali ukavSirdeba evrogvirabiT. didi britaneTi konstituci-
xarisxis vaWrobiT. saqmiani turizmidan miRebuli Semo- uri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa, romelic moicavs mmarTve-
savali warmoadgens SemosvliTi turizmidan miRebuli lobis saparlamento da monarqiul formebs. igi war-
Semosavlis mesameds. sxvadasxva departamentebis savaW- moadgens inglisis, Sotlandiis, uelsis da CrdiloeT
ro palatebs aqvT saSualeba moawyon konferenciebi da irlandiis politikur gaerTianebas. didi britaneTis
samuSao Sexvedrebi. farTobi Seadgens 244,82 aTasi kv. km. 2009 wlis monace-
safrangeTSi Casvlis vadebis klasifikacia xdeba mebiT, aq cxovrobs 61,1 mln kaci, qveynis saerTo mSp
Semdegnairad: turistuli vizitebi_2 kviriT (erTi Seadgens 2,23 trln dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki
Tvis ganmavlobaSi), kerZo vizitebi_2 Tvemde da samu- _ 36,4 aTas dolars. qveynis dedaqalaqia londoni. misi
Sao vizitebi _ 3 Tvemde. SemosvliTi turizmis Tval- enaa inglisuri. qveynis valutaa funti sterlingi.
sazrisiT, zafxulobiT yvelaze popularulia espaneTi didi britaneTi.
da italia. bolo wlebis monacemebiT safrangeTSi Ca-
modian iseTi qveynebidan, rogoricaa: aSS, aziis qveyne-
bi, karibis zRvis franguli kunZulebi da franguli
polizenia. saqmiani turistebis didi raodenoba modis
germaniasa da did britaneTze. safrangeTis erT-erT
mTavar, turistebis generator qveyanas warmoadgens
germania, saidanac yovelwliurad Semodis stumarTa
25%, Semdeg _ didi britaneTi, belgia, Sveicaria, ita-
lia, niderlandebi da espaneTi. safrangeTSi Semosuli
turistebis umravlesoba dasvenebas amjobinebs rivie-
raze (weliwadSi 35 mln tur-dRe sastumroebsa da ka-
ravebSi), parizSi (15,5 mln tur-dRe sastumroebSi) al-
pebSi, akvitaniasa da sangedok-rusilionSi (TiToeulSi
6 mln tur-dRe yovelwliurad).
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, didi britaneTi
dayofilia sagrafoebad. kunZulovan-geografiuli gan-
didi britaneTis turistuli potenciali lageba xelsayrel pirobebs uqmnis mas danarCen msof-
liosTan sagareo kavSirebis damyarebasa da geo-poli-
didi britaneTi mdebareobs dasavleT evropaSi, tikuri poziciebis gaZlierebaSi. qveyana xasiaTdeba
britaneTis kunZulebze. mas hyavs erTi saxmeleTo me- zomieri sub-tropikuli klimatiT. igi mdidaria ro-
zobeli qveyana_irlandia. garda amisa, is garSemor- gorc mineralur-sanedleulo baziT (mag., navTobiT),
tymulia atlantis okeaniT, CrdiloeTis zRviT, la-man- ise bunebriv-rekreaciuli da turistuli resursebiT.
295 296
aq ganviTarebulia sazRvao transporti, sabanko-sa- beniluqsis qveynebis turistuli potenciali
dazRvevo seqtori.
mravalferovani landSaftisa da istoriul-arqi- beniluqsis qveynebs ganekuTvneba belgia, niderlan-
teqturul ZeglTa flobis gamo, didi britaneTi erT- debi da luqsemburgi. sasiamovno zafxuli da zomieri
erTi udidesi turistuli qveyanaa msoflioSi. yovel- zamTari _ aseTia am qveynebis klimati.
wliurad aq 28-30 mln turisti Camodis. didi turistu-
li centrebia londoni, stratfordi, uinZio, edinbur-
gi da a.S. turistebi Camodian aSS-dan da evropis qvey-
belgiisa da niderlandebis turistuli
nebidan: germaniidan, safrangeTidan da niderlandebi-
dan. bolo wlebSi turistuli industria gaxda ekono- potenciali
mikis umsxvilesi dargi.
londoni aris istoriuli da kulturuli centri, belgiis samefo mdebareobs dasavleT evropaSi. igi
romelic mdebareobs mdinare temzas sanapiroze. qala- evrokavSiris wevri qveyanaa. mas esazRvreba niderlan-
qis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebia big-beni, Sua sau- debi, germania, luqsemburgi da safrangeTi. belgia
kuneebis arqiteqturuli Zeglebi da londonis erovnu- aris konstituciuri monarqiis mqone saparlamento
li parki. londonSi mdebareobs agreTve 30-ze meti mu- mmarTvelobis qveyana. misi dedaqalaqia briuseli. ofi-
zeumi, erovnuli galerea da sxvebi. qalaqSi aris daax- cialuri enebia niderlanduri, franguli da germanu-
loebiT 80-mde Teatri. li. qveynis farTobia 30,5 aTasi kv. km. 2007 wlis mona-
did britaneTSi ganviTarebulia saqmiani turizmi, cemebiT, aq cxovrobs 10,6 mln kaci, qveynis saerTo mSp
istoriuli adgilebisa da Zeglebis daTvalierebis aris 316 mlrd dolari, erT mosaxleze ki_31,4 aTas
mizniT ganxorcielebuli turebi, dasveneba britanul dolari. misi valutaa evro. belgiis religiaa kaToli-
provinciebSi, saganmanaTleblo turizmi da sportuli cizmi da protestantizmi. misi mTavari qalaqebia briu-
RonisZiebani. londonis garda, turistul centrebs ga- seli, antverpeni da genti. belgia maRalganviTarebuli
nekuTvneba inglisis axalgazrda qalaqi_liverpuli, industriuli qveyanaa, sadac momsaxurebis dargs uka-
sauniversiteto qalaqebi_oqsfordi da kembriji, edin- via ekonomikis 73%, mrewvelobas 26%, soflis meurneo-
burgi, festivalebis Catarebis da xelovnebis centri _ bas_1%. igi flobs qvanaxSirsa da bunebriv airs. mas
glazgo da a. S. didi britaneTi agreTve cnobilia, ro- eqsportze gaaqvs rkina, foladi, safeiqro nawarmi da
gorc mlocvelTa centri. aq salocavad modian sxva- qimikatebi. belgiaSi okeanuri klimatia.
dasxva qveynis kaTolikuri eklesiebis mlocvelebi. teritoriuli niSnis mixedviT belgia iyofa or na-
wilad: flandria, sadac saubroben holandiuri enis
dialeqtikiT; da valonia, sadac dominirebs frangul
enaze mosaubre valonielTa sazogadoeba. qveynis sam-
xreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs samTo-saTxilamuro bi-
likebi. aq ganviTarebulia velo-turizmi da mTis mdi-
297 298
nareebze eqstremaluri daSveba (raftingi). belgiis laqi aris antverpeni. igi aris almasis mWreli ostate-
CrdiloeTiT mdebare zRvis sanapiro gadaWimulia 67 bisa da briliantebiT vaWrobis centri. aq mdebareobs
km-ze. Zveli Senoba-nagebobebi. qalaqi iTvleba msxvil sam-
belgia. rewvelo centrad. igi cnobilia modis centradac.
niderlandis samefo konstituciuri monarqiis mqo-
ne qveyanaa. holandia niderlandis erT-erTi mxarea,
magram am saxeliT xSirad mTel qveyanasac moixsenie-
ben. niderlandebi mdebareobs dasavleT evropaSi. misi
mosazRvre qveynebia belgia da germania. qveynis farTo-
bia 41,5 aTasi kv. km. igi flobs bunebriv airsa da nav-
Tobs. niderlandebis dedaqalaqia amsterdami, oficia-
luri ena _niderlanduri. 2012 wlis mdgomareobiT, aq
cxovrobs 16,7 mln kaci. qveynis saerTo mSp aris 704
mlrd dolari..
niderlandebi administraciulad dayofilia 12
provinciad. aq ori religiaa _ kaTocilizmi da pro-
testantizmi. qveynis ZiriTadi qalaqebia: amsterdami,
briuselSi mdebareobs evrokavSirisa da natos mi-
roterdami, haaga da utrexti. niderlandebis kulturu-
nistrTa sabWos Stab-bina. igi aris qveynis ekonomikuri,
li memkvidrebis Zeglebs ganekuTvneba: amsterdamSi_ek-
politikuri da kulturuli centri. aq ganviTarebulia
lesiebi: ude-kerki (XIV s), neuve-kerki (XVs), aude-kerki
saqmiani turizmi. qalaqis centrSi mdebareobs grand-
(XVI s), samefo sasaxle (XVIs), ratuSa (XVIII s); gro-
palasis moedani, romelic erT-erTi yvelaze lamazi
nongenSi _ XIII s-is eklesia; maastrixtSi _ eklesia
skveria evropaSi. aq mdebareobs XV saukuneSi goTur
~onze” (XI s), ~jojoxeTis WiSkari” (XIII s); midelbur-
stilSi agebul taZarTa kompleqsi. qalaqi, Tevzis res-
gSi _ ratuSa (XV s); bredaSi _ XV s-is taZari da ci-
toranTa flobiT, yoveldRiurad izidavs aTasobiT
xe-simagre.
turists.
rogorc zemoT moyvanili CamonaTvalidan Cans, ni-
belgiaSi moipoveba iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo-
derlandebSi Semonaxulia mravali cixe-simagre da sa-
bis Zeglebi: beginaJi, belgiis arxebi, belgiis samrek-
saxle. am qveynis erovnuli simboloa holandiuri yva-
lo, ortas muzeumi, planten-moretusis muzeumi, spieni,
vilebi. qveynis turistuli centria amsterdami. am qa-
stokles sasaxle, turnes kaTedrali. turistebis inte-
laqSi turistebs ainteresebT van-gogisa da rembran-
ress iwvevs flandersis Suasaukunovani qalaqi: genti.
dtis muzeumebi. CrdiloeT holandia turistebis dasve-
belgiis patara ~venecias” warmoadgens qalaqi briuge,
nebis sayvareli adgilia. aq mdebareobs sxvadasxva
romelic danawevrebulia arxebiT. maTze gadebulia
profilis didi da patara kurorti. holandiuri peiza-
ulamazesi xidebi. qalaqSi Semonaxulia Suasaukunovani
Jis ganuyofeli nawili aris qaris wisqvilebi. am mxa-
arqiteqturuli Zeglebi flandersis yvelaze didi qa-
299 300
reSi mogzauroba turistebs saSualebas aZlevs daaTva- cicabo kldeebi.. qveynis samxreTiT sazRvarTan gaSene-
lieron XVIII s-is SuaSi agebuli da ganaxlebuli 19 bulia balneologiuri da mineraluri wylebiT mdida-
wisqvili. ri kurortebi.1
luqsemburgis turistuli potenciali samxreT evropis turistuli potenciali
luqsemburgis didi sahercogo mdebareobs dasav- samxreT evropa aerTianebs qveyanaTa oTx did
leT evropaSi. misi mosazRvre qveynebia belgia, safran- jgufs. esenia 1. pireneis naxevarkunZulis qveynebi: espa-
geTi da germania. am qveynis farTobia 2,6 aT. kv. km. aq neTi, portugalia, andora da gibraltari; 2. apeninis
klimati kontinenturi da okeanuria. luqsemburgi kon- naxevarkunZulis qveynebi: italia, san-marino, vatikani;
stituciuri monarqiis qveyanaa. misi dedaqalaqia luq- 3. balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis qveynebi: rumineTi, bul-
semburgi. qveyana administraciulad dayofilia 3 ol- gareTi, saberZneTi, albaneTi, makedonia, serbeTi, bos-
qad (12 kantonad). 2009 wlis monacemebiT, aq cxovrobs nia-hercegovina, xorvatia, montenegro, kosovo; 4. xmel-
493,5 aTasi kaci, qveynis saerTo mSp aris 38 mlrd do- TaSua zRvis qveynebi: monako da malta.
lari, xolo erT mosaxleze_82 aT dolari. misi valu-
taa evro. oficialuri enebia: luqsemburguli da ger-
manuli, religia_kaTolicizmi. luqsemburgi maRalgan- pireneis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis
viTarebuli industriuli qveyanaa. wamyvani dargia me-
turistuli potenciali
talurgia. mas eqsporze gaaqvs foladi da qsovili.
luqsemburgi biznes-turizmis centria. aq mdebare-
obs msxvili bankebi da mravali saerTaSoriso organi- pireneisa da iberiis naxevarkunZulebi mdebareoben
zaciis Stab-bina. qalaqi luqsemburgi daarsda 963 evropis ukidures samxreT-dasavleTSi, romelTac gars
wels. igi Sedgeba zeda da qveda qalaqisagan. zeda qa- akravs xmelTaSua zRva, atlantis okeane da biskais yu-
laqSi mdebareobs istoriuli cixe-simagreebis naSTebi, re. maT Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba safrangeTi.
hercogis sasaxle. es aris dedaqalaqis biznes-centri,
axali ubnebis da samrewvelo obieqtebis raioni. qalaq-
Si mdebareobs kulturuli Zeglebi, aRlumis moedani, espaneTis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZari, erovnuli biblioTe-
ka da a. S. espaneTis samefo mdebareobs evropis samxreT-dasav-
luqsemburgSi amzadeben cnobil Rvinoebs, liqio- leTiT, romelsac esazRvreba safrangeTi, andora da
rebsa da xilis wvenebs. aq meRvineobis bevri aRiarebu-
li centria. qveyanaSi arsebobs mravali sakurorto 1 www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного
zona. aq aris ucnauri myinvarwverebi, Rrma tbebi da туризма.
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portugalia. is konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana- okeanidan, aRimarTeba mTebze, civdeba da modis nale-
a. espaneTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis 17 avtonomiuri re- qis saxiT. espaneTis samxreTi mxare, miuxedavad misi
gioni (andalusia, valensia, kanaris kunZulebi, kata- bunebrivi landSaftis silamazisa, jer kidev sustad
lonia, madridi da a. S), atlantis okeanis, xmelTaSua aris ganviTarebuli turistuli TvalsazrisiT. met-nak-
zRvis kunZulebi da CrdiloeT afrikis sanapiroze mde- lebad popularul turistul marSrutebs warmoadgens
bare ori avtonomiuri qalaqi: seuta da melilia. qvey- espaneTis centri da aRmosavleTis sanapiro. qveynis
nis dedaqalaqia madridi. misi valutaa evro. samxreT-aRmosavleTs gaaCnia erTgvari turistuli xib-
espaneTis farTobi Seadgens 504,7 aTas kv. km-s, 2007 li.
wlis monacemebiT, am qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 45,1 espaneTs ukavia pireneis naxevarkunZulis 84%. aq
mln kacs. misi saerTo mSp aris 1,26 trln dolari, xo- Warbobs mTebi, dabali da saSualo simaRlis platoe-
lo erT mosaxleze ki _ 28 aTasi dolari, mosaxleobi. igi mdidaria sasargeblo wiaRiseuliT (qvanaxSi-
bis 80% cxovrobs qalaqad. espanelTa religiaa kaTo- riT, rkinis madniT, uraniT, spilenZiTa da vercxlis-
licizmi, xolo oficialuri ena ki aris espanuri. qvey- wyliT). espaneTis xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroebisTvis
nis udidesi qalaqebia madridi, barselona, valensia damaxasiaTebelia subtropikuli, xmelTaSua zRvis ti-
da sevilia. pis klimati, Siga raionebSi ki _ ufro kontinenturi.
espaneTi. tyeebs ukavia teritoriebis mxolod 10%. espaneTi ev-
ropis maRalmTiani qveyanaa. mTebi Seadgens misi teri-
toriis 90%-s. mesetis mTebi ikavebs qveynis 1/2 nawils.
espaneTSi pireneis mTebis saSualo simaRlea 2500 m.
misi umaRlesi mwvervalia aneto (3404 m). pireneis sam-
xreT ferdobi warmoadgens samTo turizmis msxvil sa-
erTaSoriso centrs. mesetis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT ga-
daWimulia iberiis mTebi, saidanac saTaves iRebs espa-
neTis umsxvilesi mdinareebi. aRmosavleT pireneisa da
iberiis naxevarkunZulebs Soris gadaWimulia katalo-
niis mTebi. espaneTis CrdiloeTi cnobilia mcire ga-
moqvabulebiT.
espaneTis xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroebi xasiaTdeba
cxeli, mwveli zafxuliTa da rbili, wvimiani zamTriT.
qveyana mdidaria bunebriv-klimaturi resursiT. aq
aq saSualo temperatura ianvarSi meryeobs +80C-dan
gamoyofen or klimatur zonas: 1. qveynis Tbili da te-
+120C-mde, xolo ivlisSi ki_ +180C-dan +280C-mde. espane-
niani Crdilo-dasavleTi (~mwvane espaneTi”) da 2. espane-
Tis havis mravalferovneba aixsneba reliefis sirTu-
Tis mSrali da mcxunvare samxreT-aRmosavleTis mxare.
liT, atlantis okeanis da afrikis kontinentis klima-
~mwvane espaneTSi” haeris masebi moemarTeba atlantis
tis zemoqmedebiT. maRalmTiani raionebi xasiaTdeba ci-
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vi zamTriTa da grili zafxuliT. saberZneTisa da ita- xa-de-la-seda, lugo, merida, monte-perdido, mudexari,
liis Semdeg espaneTi mesame adgilzea evropaSi mziani oviedo, pobletis monasteri, salamanka, san-kristobal
dReebis mixedviT. -de-la-laguna, sant-haus hospitali, santa-maria-de-gva-
espaneTis CrdiloeTisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia far- dalupes samefo monasteri, santiago-de-kompostela, se-
TofoTlovani tyeebi. ~mSrali” espaneTi Raribia tyee- govia, seviliis alkasari, seviliis sakaTedro taZari,
biT. aq gavrcelebulia maradmwvane muxis jiSebi. qvey- sera-de-tramuntana, siega-verde, teides erovnuli par-
nis centralur nawilSi da samxreTiT turistebs xvde- ki, ubeda, wminda iakobis gza, xeneralife da herkule-
ba fiWvis tyeebi. `mSral” espaneTSi gavrcelebulia ma- sis koSki.
radmwvane buCqebi. qveynis aRmosavleTiT mas enacvleba espaneTSi aris iseTi RirsSesaniSnavi arqiteqturu-
mwvane mindvrebi. espaneTSi binadrobs iremi, Sveli, ta- li Zeglebi, rogorica: Zveli qalaqi segovia, istoriu-
xi, Txebi, mura daTvi, mgeli, mela, qori, arwivi, Sevar- li qalaqi toledo da a. S. qveynis xmelTaSua zRvis
deni, wero da a. S. sanapiroebi da kunZulebi aris am qveynis turistuli
espaneTis arqeologiur Zeglebs ganekuTvneba: al- ~meqa”, romelic moicavs msoflio donis sazRvao ku-
tamiris mRvime, atapuerkis mTebi, italika da siega-ver- rortebs. kataloniis sanapiroebi gadaWimulia safran-
de. espaneTis eklesiebs ki ganekuTvneba burgosis saka- geTis sazRvridan sakurorto qalaq bilbaomde. kata-
Tedro taZari, val-de-bois romanuli eklesiebi da san- loniis samxreT sanapiros teritoriebze aris meTevze-
milan-de-la-kogoliis monastrebi, dedofali sofias ebis dasaxleba.
muzeumi da biskais xidi. qveynis arqiteqturul Zeglebs sxva ekonomikur dargTa vardnis fonze turizmis
warmoadgens eskoriali, mudexari, sagrada familia, se- ganviTareba espaneTisaTvis warmoadgens ekonomikis
viliis sakaTedro taZari, toledos sakaTedro taZari zrdis SenarCunebis mniSvnelovan faqtors.
da tore-agbari. espaneTis kurorts warmoadgens maga- am qveynis ekonomikaSi udidesia turizmis roli.
lufi, xolo kunZulebs ki _ balearis kunZulebi da espaneTSi 7 aTasi km sigrZis, didi gamtarobis mqone ma-
ivisa. gistralebia. maRalsiCqariani gzebis meSveobiT turis-
espaneTis erovnul parkebs ganekuTvneba: donianas tebs SeuZliaT gadaadgildnen pireneis mTebidan anda-
erovnuli parki, kabo-de-gatis bunebrivi parki, teides luziamde. sul ufro izrdeba sazRvao transportis
erovnuli parki, buen-retiros parki, kasa-de-kampo da roli turizmis sferoSi, sadac CarTulia daaxloebiT
marokis koncxi. espaneTSi arsebobs Semdegi saxis 430 gemi. ucxoeli turistebis mesamedi espaneTSi samog-
msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi: avila, albaisi, alka- zaurod irCevs sahaero transports. 42 aeroportidan
la-de-enaresi, alhambra, aranxuesis samefo sasaxle, ba- 34 asrulebs regularul gadazidvebs. espaneTi msof-
esa, garaxonais erovnuli parki, elCes palmebis tye, lios yvelaze monaxulebad qveynebs Soris mesame ad-
eskoriali, espaneTis xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiros gilzea. aq turistebs SeuZliaT moinaxulon uZvelesi
kldis natexebi, indoeTis arqivi, xeneralife granada- civilizaciis kvali, Tvalwarmtaci, unikaluri peizaJe-
Si, kordoba, antonio gaudis qmnilebani, kaseresi, kata- bi,
loniuri musikis sasaxle, kuenka, las-medulasi, lon-
305 306
qveynis xelsayrelma ekonomikur-geografiulma mde- q. valensiaSi mravlad moiZebneba kulturuli da arqi-
bareobam xeli Seuwyo mas ~axali samyaros” _ amerikis teqturuli Zeglebi. qalaqis ganapira raionebSi mdeba-
aRmoCenasa da dapyrobaSi. sazRvao vaWrobis ganviTare- reobs plaJebi da zRvispira sastumroebi. valensia mdi-
bam gamoiwvia msxvili saporto qalaqebis Camoyalibeba, daria erovnuli muzeumebiT.
romlebic gadaiqcnen cnobil kurortebad. madridi valensiis samxreTiT mdebareobs Tematuri parki,
aris turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani centri. 1561 sadac miniaturulad aris warmodgenili xmelTaSua
wels mefe filipe II-m saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi tole- zRvis Zveli legendaruli civilizacia. valensiis te-
dodan gadaitana madridSi. am qalaqis mTavar RirsSe- ritoria sazRvao plaJebis garda, ucxoelTaTvis mim-
saniSnaobas warmoadgens arqiteqturuli ansambli, rom- zidvelia agro-turizmis TvalsazrisiTac. aq aris bev-
lis mimdebare teritoriazec dilidan gvian Ramemde ri nakrZali. andalusiis administraciuli centria se-
funqcionirebs kafe-barebi, restornebi da maRaziebi. vilia, romelic aRmocenda aristokratTa, msxvil biz-
msoflio aRiarebiT sargeblobs suraTebis galere- nesmenTa dasvenebisa da maTze momsaxurebis gawevis
a, sadac Tavmoyrilia espanel, italiel, niderlandel mizniT. am qalaqis ayvaveba daiwyo amerikis aRmoCenisa
da germanel mxatvarTa eqsponatebi. aq turists SeuZ- da masTan intensiuri savaWro-ekonomikuri kavSir-urTi-
lia daaTvalieros velaskesis, goias da sxva didebul erTobebis damyarebis Semdeg. espaneTis mefeebs ameri-
xelovanTa tiloebi. madridSi turists SeuZlia agreT- kis axali, manamde auTvisebeli teritoriebidan aq moh-
ve daaTvalieros xelovnebis erovnuli muzeumi, xelov- qondaT oqro da sxva Zvirfaseuloba, swored amasTan
nebis centri, erovnuli arqiteqturuli muzeumi, same- iyo dakavSirebuli aq portis ganviTarebac. selivias
fo sasaxle da a.S. miiCneven mezRvaurTa da xelovanTa qalaqad.
XIX saukunis Sua xanebSi aq turizmma ganviTareba turistebs Soris didi popularobiT sargeblobs
hpova barselonas mdidar macxovrebelTa pirveli re- espaneTis kunZulovani nawili. kanaris kunZulebi mde-
zidenciebis aRmocenebiT. barselona cnobili turis- bareobs afrikis sanapiros mopirdapired, pireneis naxe-
tuli centria, sadac mdebareobs antonio gaudis arqi- varkunZulidan 1000 km-is daSorebiT. saukeTaso klima-
teqturul ZeglTa kompleqsi, safexburTo moedani, tiT da SesaniSnavi plaJebiT, igi iZleva turistebis
qristefore kolumbis Zegli da sxva RirsSesaniSnaoba- dasvenebis saSualebas.
ni. espaneTis samxreTiT mdebare sazRvao plaJebi, masze espaneTi warmoadgens saganmanaTleblo turizmis
mofenili patara, oqrosferi qviSis gamo, cnobilia centrsac. aq Camsvlels SeuZlia miiRos kargi ganaT-
~oqros sanapiros” saxelwodebiT. aq mdebareobs evro- leba. espaneTis universitetebs gaaCnia Zveli tradicie-
pis sididiT meore Tematuri parki. espaneTis samxre- bi. pirveli universiteti aq daarsda 1218 wels. espane-
TiT xmelTaSuazRvis 120 km-iani sanapiros gaswvriv Tis mecnierebi iTvlebian Zlier mkvlevarebad istorii-
mdebareobs qalaqi valensia, romelic Tavisi savaWro sa da geografiis dargSi. am mxriv aRsaniSnavia espanu-
centrebis wyalobiT, cnobilia mTel msoflioSi. igi ri xelovnebis skolebic.
gadaiqca saerTaSoriso konferenciebis Catarebis popu-
larul adgilad. evropis erT-erT udides da uZveles
307 308
portugaliis turistuli potenciali portugaliis bunebriv resursebs warmoadgens Tev-
zi, tyeebi, rkinis madani, urani, marmarilo, sasoflo--
portugalia saparlamento respublikaa, romelic sameurneo miwebi da hidroenergia. igi ganviTarebuli
mdebareobs evropis ukidures samxreT-dasavleTiT. mas agrarul-industriuli qveyanaa. ekonomikis specializa-
samxreT-dasavleTidan esazRvreba atlantis okeane, xo- cia moxda SedarebiT iafi da xarisxiani produqciis
lo Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan ki _ espaneTi. qveynis Se- warmoebaze.1 Tanamedrove etapze portugaliis sagareo
madgenlobaSi Sedis xuTi provincia, atlantis okeane- vaWrobis 80% modis evrokavSiris wevr-qveynebze. por-
Si mdebare azorisa da madeiras kunZulebi. portuga- tugalias saeqsportod gaaqvs tansacmeli, fexsacmeli,
liis dedaqalaqia lisaboni. misi oficialuri enaa Rvino, Tevzis qilebi da manqanaTmSeneblobis produq-
portugaliuri, religia_kaTolicizmi, xolo valuta cia.
ki _ evro. qveynis farTobia 92,3 aT km2. 2007 wlis mona- msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Setanilia
cemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 10,9 mln kacs, saer- portugaliis 12 kulturuli obieqti da erTi bunebri-
To mSp_232 mlrd dolars, erT mosaxleze ki_23,5 aT vi Zegli: qristes orderis monasteri, sintris kultu-
dolars. qveynis mTavari qalaqebia: lisabomi da portu. ruli landSafti da sasaxle, mavrebis cixe-simagre, pe-
portugaliis klimati aris okeanuri (atlantiku- nis sasaxle, preistoriuli kedlis naxatebi koas xeo-
ri). aq zomieri zamTari da cxeli zafxulia. qveynis baSi, laurisilva, kunZul pikus venaxis landSaftebi,
umaRlesi mwvervalia pont-du-piko (2351 m). mis Crdilo- siega-verde, JeronimuSis monasteri, belenis cixe-simag-
eT da centralur nawilSi mdebare mTebsa da gorakebs re lisabonSi, evoras, gimarainSis da portus istoriu-
cvlis samxreTis gaSlili mindvrebi. li centrebi, altu-dorus meRvineobis regioni, qalaqi
portugalia. _ angradu-eroiJmu (azoris kunZulebze), alkobasisa da
bataliis monastrebi. portugaliis RirsSesaniSnavi na-
gebobebia paviliau atlatiku, kasa, manuelino da wmin-
da bentus sasaxle. cnobili portugalielebi arian
mogzaurebi_ vasko da gama, fernando magelani; filo-
sofosi _ uriel akosta, mwerlebi _ luiS de kamoenSi,
esa di keiroSi, fernando pesoa da Joze saramago.
qveyanaSi aqtiurad viTardeba turizmic. portuga-
liis umTavres turistul resurss warmoadgens lisa-
boni. am qalaqis sanapiroebze mdebareobs portugaliis
qalaqi _ portu da kunZuli_madeira. lisaboni ukidu-
resi dasavluri qalaqia mTel evropaSi. es uZvelesi
qalaqi gamoirCeva Tavisi arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT. li-
309 310
saboni turistebs sTavazobs komfortuli sastumroe- gebulia Sua saukunovani cixe-simagreebi, sadac turis-
bis sakmaod did arCevans, romelic gaTvlilia sxva- tebs uqmnian myudro garemos.
dasxva finansuri SesaZleblobebis mqone adamianebze.
lisabonis dasavleT mxareSi 15 km-is daSorebiT aRmo-
cenda evropel swavlulTa da samefo ojaxTa dasvene- andoras turistuli resursebi
bis popularuli kurortebi, sadac gaSenda mdidruli
vilebi, sastumroebi, restornebi, saukeTeso plaJebi, andoris samTavro mdebareobs pireneis mTebSi, saf-
msoflio klasis golfis saTamaSo moednebi, mTeli ev- rangeTsa da espaneTs Soris. misi farTobia 468 km2, ro-
ropis masStabiT aRiarebuli samorineebi da ~formula- melic administraciulad dayofilia 7 raionad. ando-
1”-is cnobili trasa. yovelive es milionobiT turists ras dedaqalaqia andora-la-vela, oficialuri enaa ka-
izidavs portugaliaSi. talanuri, religia_kaTolicizmi, xolo valutaa evro.
portugaliis samxreT nawili atlantis okeanis 2009 wlis monacemebiT, qveynis mosaxleoba aris 78 aT
Tbili wylebiT, 200 km-ze gadaWimuli oqrosferi qvi- kaci, saerTo mSp_4,2 mlrd dolari, xolo erT mosax-
Sis sanapiroebiT, gamWvirvale zRvis wyliTa da wylis- leze ki _ 44,9 aT dolari. misi ekonomikis mTavari
qveSa sanaxaobebiT Zalze mimzidvelia aqtiuri dasvene- sferoa turistuli industria. qveynis istoriul-kul-
bis msurvelTaTvis. portugaliis sididiT meore qala- turul memkvidreobas ganekuTvneba: meore saukunis ori
qia portu, romelic izidavs aramarto turistebs, ara- moqmedi romauli TaRovani xidi, arabuli cixis nangre-
med biznesmenebsac. amitom aq maRal donezea ganviTare- vebi, (VIII s.), graf de-fuas cixe-koSki (XII s.), mTavro-
buli sastumro biznesi. bis rezidencia. iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeg-
madeiras kunZuli cnobili turistuli zonaa, ro- lTa nusxaSi Setanilia madriu-perafita-klarori.
melic imyofeba afrikis sanapiroebidan 500 km-isa da andora.
portugaliis kontinenturi nawilidan 1000 km-is daSo-
rebiT. arqipelagis centralur qalaqs warmoadgens
funSali. kunZuli aRmoaCina portugaliis princma_hen-
rim. man aq gamoiyvana yurZnis axali jiSi ~madeira”,
romlisganac dmzadebuli Rvinos SesaZenad madeiraSi
Camodian msoflios sxvadasxva kuTxidan. aq cxovrobda
qristefore kolumbi, romelic daqorwinda adgilobri-
vi gubernatoris qaliSvilze. portugaliis mniSvnelo-
van turistul zonas warmoadgens azoris kunZuli.
portugaliis sastumroebi erovnuli arqiteqturuli
da dekoratiuli Sedevria. isini ar arian stereotipu-
li sastumroebisagan kopirebuli. sastumroebSi ganla-
311 312
andoras turistuli industriis erT-erT Tavisebu- gibraltaris konstituciuri monarqia
rebas warmoadgens xarisxiani dasveneba da xelmisaw-
vdomi fasebi. turistuli paketebis SedarebiT dabali
Rirebuleba aq turistebs izidavs avstriidan, safran-
geTsa da Sveicariidan. andoras dedaqalaqi garSemor-
tymulia maRali mTebiT. aq agebulia Suasaukunovani
Senobebi. andoras rekreaciuli resursi warmodgeni-
lia samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebiT, ubaJo vaWrobisa
da akvaparkis zoniT.
gibraltaris turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
gibraltari konstituciuri monarqiis qveyanaa, ro-

melic mdebareobs iberiis naxevarkunZulis samxreTiT,
gibraltaris srutesTan. sityva ~gibraltari” arabuli gibraltaris sanapiro zolis sigrZe Seadgens 12
warmoSobisaa, rac qarTulad niSnavs ~Tariqis mTas”. km-s, xolo qveynis saerTo teritoria vrceldeba sul
igi ukavSirdeba arabi generlis _ Tariq ibn-ziadis sa- raRac 6,5 aTas km2-ze. am qveynis ekonomika mTlianad
xels, romelic win uZRoda 711 wels iberiis mTebSi aris damokidebuli britaneTis samxedro daxmarebaze,
mavritanelTa SemoWras. qveyana atlantis okeanes aer- sabanko da finansuri saqmianobidan, gemebis momsaxure-
Tebs xmelTaSua zRvasTan. mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba bisa da turizmidan miRebul Semosavlebze. aq turis-
espaneTi. gibraltari odiTganve warmoadgenda britane- tebs SeuZliaT datkbnen XVIII saukunis eklesiebis
Tis samxedro bazis ganTavsebis adgils. aq dResac Tvalwarmtaci xediT. turistebis dainteresebas iwvevs
aris ganlagebuli britaneTis sazRvao Zalebi. gibral- wminda RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZari, romlis mSe-
taris damoukideblobis sakiTxi britaneTsa da espa- neblobac daiwyo jer kidev XV saukuneSi. ukanasknel
neTs Soris davis erT-erTi mTavari sagania. espaneTi wlebSi gibraltari gaxda curvis sportis erT-erTi
iTxovs 1713 wels misgan gamoyofili teritoriis (gib- aRiarebuli centri. aq ganviTarebulia sazRvao krui-
raltaris) dabrunebas, Tumca gadacemis yovel mcde- zebi. turistebs izidavT aqauri maRaziebi (Sopingi),
lobas ewinaaRmdegeba Tavad gibraltarelebi. radganac aq saqonelze fasebi bevrad ufro dabalia,
vidre evropis bevr sxva qveyanaSi. gibraltaris cen-
tralur quCaze mdebareobs suveniris bevri maRazia, ka-
fe-barebi da gasarTobi adgilebi. am qveynis sanapiroe-
bi ar aris mdidari bunebrivi plaJebiT, amitom bolo
313 314
dros izrdeba gibraltaris Zalisxmeva xelovnuri italia.
plaJebis Seqmnis mizniT.
apeninis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis

turistuli potenciali
apeninis (evropis erT-erTi udidesi) naxevarkunZu-

li gaSlilia 1000 km-ze CrdiloeTiT alpebidan samxre-
TiT centralur xmelTaSua zRvamde. mas italiis naxe-
varkunZulsac uwodeben.
italiis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani da

bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebi italiis dedaqalaqia romi. igi, rogorc romis impe-
riis dedaqalaqi da wminda eparqiis adgilsamyofeli,
italiis respublika unitaruli, saparlamento-de- saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi warmoadgenda dasavluri civi-
mokratiuli qveyanaa. igi mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT lizaciis politikur da religiur centrs. romis impe-
evropaSi. CrdiloeTiT, alpebis gaswvriv mas esazRvre- riis dacemis Semdeg italiam gauZlo ucxoel dam-
ba safrangeTi, Sveicaria, avstria da slovenia. samxre- pyrobTa mraval Semosevas. 1861 wlamde italia dayofi-
TiT is mTlianad moicavs apeninis naxevarkunZuls, li iyo mraval samefod da qalaq-saxelmwifod (mag.,
xmelTaSua zRvis or udides kunZuls _ siciliasa da sardiniis samefo, siciliis samefo, milanis sagrafo
sardinias. aseve sxva mraval patara kunZuls. italiis da a. S.), magram 1861 wels italiam SemoierTa es same-
sazRvrebSi mdebareobs ori damoukidebeli saxelmwifo foebi da saxelmwifoebi. sul bolos mas SeuerTda
_ san-marino da vatikani. italiis teritoria moicavs romi, sadac manamde politikuri Zalaufleba ekuTvno-
301,3 aTas kv. km-s. 2009 wlis monacemebiT, aq cxovrobs da paps. gviandeli (XIX s-dan II msoflio omis bolom-
60,2 mln kaci (mosaxleobis raodenobis mixedviT igi de) italia flobda koloniur imperias, romelSic Se-
me-5 adgilzea evropaSi, xolo 23-e ki_mTel msoflio- dioda libia, ritrea, somali, eTiopia, albaneTi daa.S.
Si). qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 1,9 trln dolars, xo- ekonomikuri ganviTarebis mixedviT italia 24-e ad-
lo erT mosaxleze ki_32,3 aT dolars. misi oficialu- gilzea msoflioSi, xolo cxovrebis xarisxis indeq-
ri enaa italiuri, valuta ki _evro. siT ki igi Sedis msoflio qveyanaTa aTeulSi. italia
evrokavSiris erT-erTi fuZemdebeli da wevri qveyanaa.
igi aris didi rvianis, didi oceulis, natos, gaeros,
evropis sabWos, msoflio savaWro organizaciis, ekono-
315 316
mikuri TanamSromlobisa da ganviTarebis organizaciis Tavis mxriv iyofa provinciebad. qveyanaSi sul 110 pro-
wevri qveyana. TavdacviTi biujetis mixedviT igi mecx- vinciaa, romlebic Tavis mxriv Sedgebian municipalite-
re adgilzea msoflioSi. mis teritoriaze ganTavsebu- tebisagan. qveyanaSi sul 8101 municipalitetia. italiis
lia natos birTvuli iaraRi. italia did rols Tama- oficialuri religiaa kaTolicizmi. misi udidesi qa-
Sobs globalur kulturul saqmianobaSi. qveynis evro- laqebia romi, milani, neapoli, palermo, bolonia da
puli politikis socialurma da ekonomikurma gavlenam florencia. italia erT-erTi mWidrod dasaxlebuli
es qveyana gadaaqcia mTavar regionul Zalad. italias qveyanaa. saSualo simWidrove Seadgens 200 kacs 1 km2-ze.
gaaCnia ganaTlebis maRali done. mosaxleobis 60% cxovrobs qalaqSi.
italia mdebareobs CrdiloeTiT zomieri sartylis italia ganviTarebuli agrarul-industriuli qveya-
tyis zonisa da samxreTiT subtropikuli sartylis naa. misi sasargeblo wiaRiseulidan aRsaniSnavia qva-
farglebSi. mis bunebaze did gavlenas axdens xmelTa- naxSiri, navTobi, bunebrivi airi, tyviis, TuTiis, rki-
Sua zRva. hava italiis did nawilSi xmelTaSuazRviu- nis, vercxliswylis madani, gogirdi da marmarilo. mis
ria, romelic subtropikulidan gadadis zomier kli- ekonomikaSi mTavari roli akisria momsaxurebis sfe-
matSi. aq zafxuli cxeli da mSralia, zamTari ki _ Se- ros (64%). ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT italia xasiaT-
darebiT civi da susxiani. italiis sanapiroebis sig- deba sayofacxovrebo teqnikis, avtomobilebis, moduri
rZea 7500 km. teritoriis 4/5 ukavia mTebsa da maRlo- tansacmlis, fexsacmelisa da kino-filmebis warmoebiT.
bebs. CrdiloeTiT gadaWimulia alpebi (italiis umaR- qveynis udidesi firmebia saavtomobilo kompaniebi _
lesi mwvervalia monblani_4807 m), xolo samxreTiT fiati, bugati, ferari. qveynis ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovan
1200 km-ze gadaWimulia apeninis mTebi. alpebSi zRvis adgils iWers soflis meurneoba, pirvel rigSi meRvi-
donidan 800 m simaRleze gaSenebulia farTofoTlova- neoba. Rvinis damzadebis mixedviT italia iWers moli-
ni tye, 800-dan 1000 m-mde wiflnari da wiwvovani tyeebi- dere pozicias mTel msoflioSi. italiaSi gamoiyofa
a, xolo 1000 m-ze zeviT ki_buCqnari, subalpuri da al- ekonomikurad ganviTarebuli CrdiloeTi, romlis sa-
puri mdeloebi. apeninSi_siciliasa da sardiniaSi 600 fuZvels warmoadgens ~samrewvelo samkuTxedi”: milani-
m-is simaRlemde maradmwvane muxis, fiWvis xeebi da buC- turini-genua; da agrarulad CamorCenili samxreTi,
qnaria, xolo 1000-1500 m-mde Warbobs mTis farTofoT- romlis mTavar centrs warmoadgens neapoli. italias
lovani tyeebi. alpebsa da apeninis mTebSi binadrobs saeqsportod gaaqvs Rvino, avtomobilebi, fexsacmeli,
arCvi, veluri kata, kverna, mura daTvi, qvewarmavali da tansacmeli da zeiTunis zeTi.
400-mde saxeobis frinveli. italiis turistuli simboloa pizis koSki. garda
italiis sazRvao sazRvrebi Seadgens 4852 km-s, xo- amisa, am qveynis istoriul-kulturul memkvidreobas
lo saxmeleTo _1703 km-s. misi yvelaze grZeli (652 km ganekuTvneba: romSi _ panTeonis taZari (Cv. w. aRr-mde I
sigrZis) mdinarea po, xolo udidesi kunZulebi ki aris s), koloseumi (I s), forumi, karakalas abanoebi, trium-
sicilia, sardinia da elba. italiis SemadgenlobaSi faluri TaRi, wminda pavles taZari (IV s), kapitoleu-
Sedis 20 regioni (mag., lacio, liguria, lombardia, mis muzeumi, erovnuli muzeumi da galerea borgeze; mi-
toskana, umbria, sardinia, sicilia da a. S). regionebi lanSi_ opera `la skala”, san-ambrojios eklesia (XII
317 318
s.), santa-maria-della-gracies taZari (leonardo da ciul centrs warmoadgens CrdiloeT italiis msxvili
vinCis freskiT ~saidumlo seroba”); florenciaSi _ is- samrewvelo qalaqi_turini. aq ganviTarebulia manqanaT-
toriuli centri, strocis sasaxle (XV s.); veneciaSi _ mSenebloba, safeiqro da eleqtroteqnikuri mrewvelo-
pizis taZari da koSki, pompeis arqeologiuri terito- ba. aqve ganlagebulia firma ~fiatis” qarxnebi. piemon-
ria, neapolis centri, samefo sasaxle kazertaSi, savo- tis mxareSi turistebis dainteresebas iwvevs saTxila-
iis samefo saxlis rezidencia da romauli eposi_enei- muro turizmi, mTis peizaJebis daTvaliereba. turinis
da. RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba arqiteqturuli Zegle-
romi mdebareobs mdinare tibris sanapiros mimdeba- bi, muzeumebi, savoiis monarqTa rezidencia da a.S.
re teritoriaze, lacios mxareSi. igi warmoadgens tu- vale-d-aostas mxare geografiulad warmoadgens pi-
ristul ~meqas” damsvenebelTaTvis. geografiulad ita- emontis nawils, magram igi sargeblobs avtonomiiT. es
liis evropis samxreTiT mdebareoba xels uwyobs mis mxare esazRvreba safrangeTsa da Sveicarias. igi mdi-
mWidro kavSirs rogorc evropis qveynebTan, ise xmel- daria sasargeblo wiaRiseuliT: rkinis, spilenZisa da
TaSua zRvis saxelmwifoebTan _CrdiloeT afrikasa da marmarilos sabadoebiT. aq ganlagebulia araerTi
axlo aRmosavleTTan. italiis istoriuli Zeglebi mZlavri hidroeleqtrosadguri. isini eleqtroenergiiT
msoflio kulturis faseulobaa. milionobiT turists amarageben mTel italias. mxare viTardeba aramarto
maTi naxvis interesi ubiZgebs maT am qveynisaken weli- Tavisi nedleulis, aramed brwyinvale samTo-saTxila-
wadis nebismier dros. italiis udides bunebriv-klima- muro kurortebis wyalobiT. aq arsebobs italiis ma-
tur resurss warmoadgens xmelTaSuazRvis tipis kli- RalmTiani kurortebi (3,5 aTas metramde simaRlis).
mati. amis wyalobiT samTo-saTxilamuro sezoni grZeldeba
bevri evropuli qveynis mZlavri kulturuli da maisamde. bunebis moyvarulebs aq izidavT erovnuli
ideuri ganviTareba Tu daiwyo sul raRac XIV _XV sa- parki_gran-paradizo da alpuri mwvervalebi.
ukuneebSi, italiaSi es procesebi daiwyo jer kidev ligurias mxaris administraciuli centria genua.
XIII saukuneSi, romelmac miiRo aRorZinebis (renesan- am mxareSi ganviTarebulia soflis meurneoba (mecxove-
sis) epoqis saxelwodeba. amitom aris italia ase mdi- leoba da mecitruseoba), metalurgiisa da manqanaTmSe-
dari didebuli mxatvrebiT, moqandakeebiT, poetebiT, neblobis mrewveloba (gemTmSenebloba). liguriaSi tu-
arqiteqtorebiTa da filosofosebiT. maT Soris aris rizmi dakavSirebulia zRvaze dasvenebasTan. aq mdeba-
dante aligieris, franCesko petrarkas, jovani bokaCos, reobs evropis prestiJuli kurortebi _ portovenere
leonardo da vinCis, miqelanjelo buaranotisa da da san remo, sadac tardeba yovelwliuri musikaluri
sxvaTa saxeli. festivali. genua mdidari istoriuli warsulis mqone
regionuli turizmi italiaSi viTardeba bunebrivi qalaqia. Sua saukuneebis periodSi igi iyo erT-erTi ay-
pirobebis da istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis arsebo- vavebuli sazRvao-savaWro centri, sadac inaxeboda
bis Sesabamisad. piemontis mxare mdebareobs italiis sxvadasxva epoqis istoriuli Zegli. am istoriul qa-
Crdilo-dasavleTiT, romelic esazRvreba safrangeTs. laqSi mdebareobs cnobili mezRvauris qristefore ko-
igi cnobilia samTo kurortebiT. am mxaris administra- lumbisa da nikolo paganinis saxl-muzeumebi.
319 320
milani mdebareobs lombardias mxareSi. es aris wels, roca igi daipyro napoleonma da gadasca av-
samxreT evropis umsxvilesi samrewvelo, finansuri da strias. XVI saukunis meore naxevarSi veneciuri res-
satransporto centri. mTel msoflioSi cnobilia mi- publika erTgvarad gadaiqca aRmavlobis centrad. aq
lanSi arsebuli `la skalas” opera. es qalaqi iTvleba aRizarda mxatvrebi _ ticiani, tintoreto da karavajo.
saopero xelovnebis daarsebis centrad. milani gaxda veneciis geografiuli ganlagebis Tavisebureba
italiuri modis simbolo. aq damzadebuli aveji cno- mdgomareobs imaSi, rom qalaqi mdebareobs arxebiT da-
bilia mTel msoflioSi. milani warmoadgens sasaqon- nawevrebul kunZulebze, romlebic erTmaneTTan dakav-
lo vaWrobis mniSvnelovan centrs. mis centralur moe- Sirebulni arian xidebiT. veneciis ZiriTad sagzao ar-
danze mdebareobs msxvili savaWro maRaziebi. qalaqSi terias warmoadgens didi arxi, romelic qalaqs or na-
Zalze popularulia fexburTi. aq ganlagebulia ita- wilad yofs. veneciur arxebSi turistebi SeiZleba ga-
liis erT-erTi umsxvilesi safexburTo moedani. mila- daadgildnen wylis avtobusiT, romlis sigrZec ramde-
nis samxreTiT alpur mTebSi aRmosavleTidan dasavle- nime metria, xolo wona 600 kg-s aRwevs. veneciaSi
TiT iSleba ulamazesi tbebi _ garda, izeo, komo, lu- wylis avtobusebi gamoiyeneboda jer kidev XIX sauku-
gano da sxvebi. lombardiaSi turizmis ganviTarebis Zi- nis dasasruls. maT amzadeben adgilobrivi xelosnebi.
riTad mimarTulebebs ganekuTvneba Semdegi: saeqskur- es xeliT Sromis iSviaTi Sedevria, romlis fasic Se-
sio (milanisa da sxva Suasaukunovan qalaqTa RirsSesa- adgens ramdenime aTasi evros. isini ar iZirebian wyal-
niSnaobebis daTvalierebis mizniT), lombardiis tbebze Si, radganac damzadebulni arian muxis masalisagan.
dasveneba, milanSi Catarebul gamofenebTan dakavSire- venecia mTel msoflioSi cnobilia minis damzade-
buli saqmiani turizmi. biT. qalaqis Sua gulSi mdebareobs moedani _ piaca
trentino-alto-adijes mTiani mxare esazRvreba av- san-marko. aq turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron vene-
strias. misi umsxvilesi centrebia trento da boloca- ciis udidesi RirsSesaniSnaobebi: bizantieli mxatvre-
no. am qalaqebSi ganviTarebulia hodroenergetika da bis mier mozaikiT moCuqurTmebuli san-markos taZari,
soflis meurneoba. am mxaris kurortebSi ganviTarebu- rialtos xidi, sasaxle (italiel arqiteqtorTa Sedev-
lia samTo-saTxilamuro turizmi. ri) da a. S. venetos mxareSi turizms gaaCnia ganviTare-
veneciis turistuli potenciali. venetos regionis bis Semdegi mimarTulebani: veneciis daTvaliereba,
administraciuli centria qalaqi venecia. ramdenime sa- zRvaze da mTis bunebaSi dasveneba, alpinizmi, Txila-
ukunis ganmavlobaSi is iyo veneciis respublikis deda- murebze sriali, Tematuri parkebis daTvaliereba, Ter-
qalaqi. Suasaukuneebis epoqaSi is gamudmebiT ganicdi- muli mkurnaloba da a. S. friuli-venecia-juliis mxa-
da im droisaTvis yovlisSemZle genuias Tavdasxmebs. re mdebareobs italiis aRmosavleT regionSi, adriati-
aRmavlobis epoqaSi veneciuri respublikis samflobe- kis zRvasa da alpebis mTebs Soris. mxareSi ganviTare-
lo aRwevda mdinare _ pomde (axla igi erTmaneTisagan bulia soflis meurneoba, manqanaTmSenebloba, meta-
mijnavs venetosa da emilia-romanias mxareebs) da qalaq lurgia da msubuqi mrewveloba.
bergamomde. romelic mdebareobs milanis gverdiT. vene- triesti italiis aRmosavleT regionis centria, ro-
ciurma respublikam damoukidebloba dakarga 1797 melsac gaaCnia mravalsaukunovani istoria. amaze mow-
321 322
mobs mravalricxovani arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. Tana- (~jokondas”) portreti. is miiswrafoda Tavisi naSro-
medrove etapze triesti aramarto italiis, aramed mTe- mebi gaemdidrebina iseTi fsiqologiuri maxasiaTeble-
li CrdiloeT adriatikis msxvili sazRvao porti da biT, romelic dafaruli mimikebisa da Jestebis gadace-
satransporto arxia. mis gziT, warmoaCenda adamianis mdidar, Sida samyaros.
emilia-romanias mxaris centria qalaqi bolonia, sa- florenciaSi mdebareobs suraTebis galerea, sadac
dac mdebareobs mTel evropaSi uZvelesi universiteti. warmodgenilia italiel mxatvarTa Sedevrebi.
mxareSi ganviTarebulia soflis meurneoba, kvebis toskana warmoadgens im mogzaurTa interess, ro-
mrewveloba (maRalxarisxiani brinjisa da Zexvis war- melTac uyvarT xelovneba, gansxvavebuli samzareulo
moeba), manqanaTmSenebloba (feraris qarxnebi). mxaris da Rvino. toskanas gaaCnia prestiJuli zRvis kurorte-
umsxvilesi qalaqebia: parma, modena, ferari, adriati- bi. maT Soris yvelaze ufro popularulia liguriis
kis zRvis kurortebi _ riCone, rimini. aq turizmi da- zRvis sanapiroze mdebare sakurorto zona. toskanas
kavSirebulia sazRvao kurortebze da qalaqSi turis- sanapirosTan axlos mdebareobs dasvenebisaTvis pres-
tebis dasvenebasTan. tiJuli kunZulebi: elba da palmaria. es ukanaskneli
florenciis turistuli mimzidveloba. toskanas aris toskanas arqipelagis ~manaTobeli varskvlavi”.
regionis administraciul centrs warmoadgens qalaqi kunZulze aris erovnuli parki, bunebis xeluxlebeli
florencia. mis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs gane- landSafti: kristalurad sufTa wyali da laJvardova-
kuTvneba: RvTismSoblis sakaTedro taZari, sasaxleebi, ni sanapiro. es aris idealuri adgili dasvenebis da
moednebi, Sadrevnebi, qalaqis cnobili quCebi da xide- mravali saxis sazRvao sportiT_wylisqveSa curviT,
bi. florencia udides mxatvarTa, mweralTa, mecnierTa mTis da sxva saxis sportiT dakavebisaTvis. 1
da moqandakeTa samSobloa, romelTa ricxvs ganekuT- perujas turistuli potenciali. peruja aris re-
vneba: dante, bokaCo, botiCeli, nikolo makiaveli, leo- gion_umbrias centri, romelic cnobilia Tavisi uni-
nardo da vinCi, miqelanjelo, donatelo, galileo ga- versitetiT. regions ar gaaCnia zRvaze gasasvleli. ve-
lilei, roberto kavali da a. S. XVI s-is xelovnebis luri bunebis gamo, umbriam miiRo ~italiis mwvane gu-
centralur Semoqmeds, aRorZinebis epoqis uZlieres lis” saxelwodeba. aq gavrcelebulia agroturizmi.
xuroTmoZRvars warmoadgenda miqelanjelo, romelmac turistebis ganTavsebis adgilad xSirad gamoiyeneba
Seqmna ferweris genialuri Sedevrebi. Zveli saxlebi, romlebic ganlagebulni arian centra-
leonardo da vinCi erTdroulad iyo mxatvaric, lur adgilebSi. aq ganviTarebulia saTavgadasavlo
xelovnebis Teoretikosic, moqandakec, arqiteqtoric, turizmi. umbriaSi daibada cnobili xuroTmoZRvari ra-
maTematikosic, fizikosic, meqanikosic, astrologic, fael santi, romelmac romSi daaarsa udidesi samxat-
biologic da a.S. mas erTdroulad SeeZlo Tanabrad vro skola. rafaels miuZRvis mniSvnelovani Rvawli
eSroma aRorZinebis epoqis warmomadgenelTa gverdiT monumenturi mxatvrobis sferoSi. rafaelis Semoqmede-
da imavdroulad Seeqmna Tanamedrove epoqis xelovne-
bis udidesi nimuSebi. Cvenamde moaRwia misma Sedevreb-
1 www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html. Развитие международного
ma_~saidumlo saRamoebis” freska da ~mona lizas”
туризма.
323 324
bis mwvervalia ~wminda madonas” ferwera, romelic ina- tebisaTvis revmatizmis, saxsrebis, sasunTqi gzebisa da
xeba drezdenis suraTebis galereaSi (germania). zogierTi saxeobis ginekologiur daavadebaTa mkurna-
markes mxaris centrs warmoadgens qalaqi ankona. es lobis mizniT.
sasoflo-sameurneo mxare mdidaria istoriuli Zegle- apulias mxaris centri aris saporto qalaqi _ ba-
biTa da mxatvruli SedevrebiT. dReisaTvis es mxare ri. es mxare iTvleba samxreT italiis yvelaze ufro
awarmoebs celuloza-qaRalds, romelic italiaSi sar- ganviTarebul regionad, romelsac gaaCnia metalurgiu-
geblobs myari moTxovniT. aq daibada italieli kompo- li sawarmoebi da navTobproduqtebis mrewveloba. mTa-
zitori joakino rosini. zRvis sanapiroze ganlagebu- vari sasoflo-sameurneo kulturaa mevenaxeoba. mxaris
lia mSvidi, mcire raodenobis adamianebiT dasaxlebu- umsxvilesi centrebia taranto, foja, leCe da brindi-
li, kurortebi. zi. apuliaSi turizmi Zalze sxvadasxvagvaria da bev-
bazilikatas mxare mdebareobs mTian reliefze. mxa- rad ufro ganviTarebulia, vidre mezobel bazilikata-
ris centrs warmoadgens qalaqi potenca. samxreT ita- sa da kalabriaSi. aq gavrceleba hpova saeqskursio-Se-
liis am mxareSi turizmi sxva raionebTan SedarebiT mecnebiTma, ekologiurma turizmma da zRvaze dasvene-
ufro naklebad aris ganviTarebuli. aq buneba Zalze bam. apuliaSi turizmis ganviTarebas arTulebs evropis
sasiamovnoa, magram arasakmarisia turistebis ganTavse- centralur turistul zonebTan misi siSore, magram
bis saSualebebi, xolo soflad adgilobrivi mosaxle- brindizSi aeroportis arseboba turistebs saSualebas
oba naklebad aris dasaxlebuli. aq araa didi raode- aZlevs advilad miaRwion qveynis samxreT nawilSi.
nobis gasarTobi centri. siciliaSi ZiriTadad cxovrobs sazogadoebis SeZ-
kalabrias mxare mdebareobs noskze. igi iWers ti- lebuli fena. amitom saqonlis fasebi am kunZulze bev-
reniisa da ioniis zRvebs Soris mdebare naxevarkunZu- rad ufro maRalia, vidre sxva provinciebSi. am kunZu-
lis yvelaze samxreTul nawils. klimaturi faqtorebi lis sanapiro Sedgeba sami zRvis zolisagan. esenia:
xels uwyobs mecitruseobis, mevenaxeobisa da turizmis CrdiloeTiT_tireniis, aRmosavleTiT_ioniisa da da-
ganviTarebas. iuneskom kalabria scno evropis erT-erT savleTiT_xmelTaSua zRvis sanapirosagan. italiis Zi-
sufTa kuTxed. mxareSi Semonaxulia Zveli kultura, riTadi saxmeleTo nawilisagan es kunZuli gamoyofi-
apeninis naxevarkunZulis Tavdapirveli saxe. cnobil lia mesinis srutiT. sicilia kontinentTan dakavSire-
kurorts warmoadgens rejo-di-kalabria. kalabriis ad- bulia sarkinigzo, sazRvao da sahaero transportiT.
ministraciuli centria qalaqi katanZaro, romelic am kunZulze mdebareobs evropaSi umsxvilesi moqmedi
mdebareobs italiis provinciul adgilSi. kalabriadan vulkani _ etna. siciliis dedaqalaqia palermo, sadac
ewyoba eqskursiebi kapris kunZulze, romelic yvelaze turistebma SeiZleba daaTvalieron XVII saukuneSi age-
lamazia sxva kunZulebTan SedarebiT. igi ucxoeli tu- buli sxvadasxva saxis istoriul-kulturuli Zegli.
ristebisaTvis erT-erTi yvelaze kargi dasasvenebeli siciliis turistuli SesaZleblobebi mravalferovani-
adgilia. aq gaSenebulia feSenebeluri sacxovrebeli a: saeqskursio turebi, Rvinis turebi, SemecnebiTi tu-
saxlebi. kalabrias mxare cnobilia Termuli kurorte- rizmi da zRvaze dasveneba.
biTac. mxaris Termuli wylebi rekomendebulia turis-
325 326
sardinia _ sididiT meore kunZulia xmelTaSua wmindanad Seracxa wminda marinis saxeliT. qveynis Se-
zRvaSi. misi centria qalaqi kaliari. turizmi region- mosavlis wyaroa turizmi. san-marinos kulturul Rir-
Si Semosavlis miRebis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani wyaroa. sSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba monte-titano da wminda
kunZulis samxreT kurortebi da CrdiloeTis prestiJu- marinusi, romlebic Sedian iuneskos msoflio memkvid-
li sanapiroebi aq dasasveneblad izidavs msxvil biz- reobis ZeglTa nusxaSi.
nesmenebs, kino-varskvlavebs, aRiarebul sportsmenebsa
da cnobil politikosebs. san-marino.
italia aramarto zRaprulad lamazi qveyana, ara-
med msoflio civilizaciis karibWecaa. rafaelis, leo-
nardo da vinCisa da miqelanjelos gareSe SeuZlebe-
lia warmovidginoT kacobriobis kulturuli istoria.
aq kvalifikaciis amaRlebis msurvelma SeiZleba Seis-
wavlos iseTi disciplinebi, rogoricaa xelovnebis is-
toria, xatva da dizaini. amJamad italiaSi aRiricxeba
50 sajaro da 9 kerZo licenzirebuli universiteti.
san-marinos juja respublikis turistuli

potenciali
san-marinos ZiriTad turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs
san-marinos respublika mdebareobs apeninis naxe-
warmoadgens agreTve istoriuli centri, parkebi, kem-
varkunZulze florenciasTan axlos. igi saparlamento
pingebi da patara qalaqebi. turistebSi didi moTxov-
respublikaa. qveynis dedaqalaqia san-marino. oficia-
niT sargeblobs san-marinos markebi da monetebi. maTi
luri enaa italiuri. qveynis farTobia 61km2. 2007 wlis
SeZena SeiZleba saxelmwifo dawesebulebebSi. aq ganvi-
monacemebiT, san-marinos mosaxleoba Seadgens 29,6 aTas
Tarebulia meRvineoba. qveyana amzadebs liqiorebsac.
kacs, misi saerTo mSp aris _ 904 mln dolari, xolo
ucxoeTidan yovelwliurad aq moemgzavreba 3 mln-mde
erT mosaxleze ki _34,6 aT. dolari. qveynis valutaa
turisti, raTa daaTvalieron san-marinos Suasaukunova-
evro. misi religia aris kaTolicizmi, romelzec le-
ni Zeglebi, cixis nangrevebi da datkbnen zRvis xedebis
genda dadis qveynis daarsebasTan dakavSirebiT. qveynis
cqeriT, gairujon sazRvao plaJze.
saxelwodeba momdinareobs dalmacieli qvismTlelis
marinusisagan, romelic qristianuli sarwmunoebis ga-
mo idevneboda samSobloSi. amitom is gaiqca mezobel
italiaSi. aq man daaarsa samlocvelo, Semdeg ki aago
cixe-simagre. mogvianebiT kaTolikurma eklesiam is
327 328
vatikanis turistuli potenciali papis sasaxleSi mdebare muzeumebs ganekuTvneba:
borjias apartamentebi, geografiuli rukebis galerea,
vatikanis qalaqi-saxelmwifo mdebareobs romis te- siqstes, nikolinas da urban VIII-s kapela. vatikanSi
ritoriaze. igi aris eklesiastikuri saxelmwifo, ro- turistma SeiZleba daaTvalieros pius-klimentis, gri-
melsac marTavs romis papi. is warmoadgens kedlebSe- golis egvipturi muzeumebi da iaroskuris darbazi. va-
mortymul anklavs romSi. misi farTobia 0,44 km2. qvey- tikanis RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba borjias koS-
nis dedaqalaqia vatikani, oficialuri enebia laTinuri ki da nikoloz V-is sasaxle.
da italiuri. 2008 wlis monacemebiT, vatikanis mosax- vatikanSi sul aTeulobiT muzeumia, romelTac ga-
leoba Seadgens 824 kacs. misi valutaa evro. vatikani nekuTvneba suraTebis galerea, saberZneTisa da romis
warmoadgens kaTolikuri eklesiebis centrs. am qveyana- qandakebaTa koleqcia da sxva. amitom vatikans yovel-
Si aRmsareblobis mizniT yovel wels Camodis milio- wliurad hyavs milionobiT damTvalierebeli. wminda
nobiT RvTismsaxuri da maRali rangis oficialuri pi- petres taZari inaxavs miqelanjelos Sedevrebs, wminda
rebi . petres vercxlis qandakebas da a.S. vatikanis turis-
vatikans ekuTvnis romsa da mis mimdebare terito- tul RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba panTeoni da an-
riaze (0,7 km2-ze) ganlagebuli sami taZari, sasaxleebi tikuri sasaxleebi. turistebs vatikanSi izidavs zRva-
da vilebi. vatikanis istoriul-kulturul memkvidreo- ze dasvenebis SesaZleblobac. yvelaze cnobili kuror-
bas ganekuTvneba wminda petres moedani, wminda petres, tebi ganlagebulia vatikanis samxreTiT. romsa da nea-
wminda karlosa da belvederis sasaxleebi. qveynis er- pols Soris mdebareobs ulamazesi sazRvao kurorti
T-erT turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens vati- sufTa wyliTa da plaJiT. vatikanis turistul RirsSe-
kanis baRebi, romelic ikavebs teritoriis naxevars. ma- saniSnaobas warmoadgens xmelTaSua zRvis erT-erTi
Ti gaSeneba moxda romis renesansis epoqaSi. vatikanis msxvili portis mqone qalaqi neapoli, sadac SesaZle-
baRebSi aris Sadrevnebi, yurZnis venaxebi da vaSlis belia saeqskursio turebis Catareba.
baRebi.
vatikanSi mdebareobs msoflios udidesi muzeumi,
romelic XVI saukuneSi daaarsa romis papma _ iulius balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis qveynebis
II-m. mis dasaTvaliereblad aq yovelwliurad Camodis turistuli potenciali
3-4 mln turisti. vatikanis muzeumebs ganekuTvneba
apostoluri sasaxle, lateranis sasaxle, papis mecnie- balkaneTis naxevarkunZuli mdebareobs samxreT ev-
rebaTa akademia, papis olqi, wminda petres bazilika, ropaSi, romlis farTobic Seadgens 505 aTas km2-s. igi
grigolis etruskuli muzeumi, pio-kristianos muzeumi, dasavleTidan aRmosavleTiT gadaWimulia 1260 km-ze,
kiaramontis muzeumi, vatikanis istoriuli muzeumi, re- CrdiloeTidan samxreTiT ki _ 950 km-ze. dasavleTiT
ligiuri xelovnebis koleqcia, eTnologiur-misioneru- mas ekvris adriatikis da ioniis zRvebi, aRmosavleTiT
li muzeumi. ki _ Savi, marmarilosa da egeosis zRvebi, bosforisa
da dardanelis sruteebi. saxmeleTo sazRvaria mdina-
329 330
reebis _ dunaisa da savis SesarTavamde, triestis yu- rumineTi.
ris wveramde.
rumineTis turistuli potenciali da misi

gamoyeneba
rumineTi mdebareobs balkaneTis naxevarkunZulis

CrdiloeT nawilSi. mas esazRvreba ungreTi, ukraina,
moldova, bulgareTi da serbeTi. misi farTobia 239,3
aTasi km2. qveynis dedaqalaqia buqaresti. oficialuri
enaa ruminuli. qveyana aris saparlamento respublika.
2007 wlis monacemebiT misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 22,3
mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 257 mlrd dolars, xolo erT rumineTSi arsebobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo-
mosaxleze ki _ 12 aTas aSS dolars. qveynis valutaa bis Semdegi Zeglebi: biertanisa da dakiis cixe-simagre-
lei, oficialuri religiaa qristianoba. rumineTi ad- ebi, dunais delta, maramureSis xis eklesiebi, moldo-
ministraciulad dayofilia 41 olqad da erT municipa- visa da bukovinis eklesiebi, sigiSoaras istoriuli
litetad. misi mTavari qalaqebia: braSovi, konstanca centri, transilvaniis soflebi (fortificirebuli ek-
da iasi. qveyana flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogo- lesiebiT) da horezus monasteri.
ricaa: navTobi, saSeni xe-tye, bunebrivi airi, qvanaxSi- rumineTi agrarul-industriuli qveyanaa, romelsac
ri, rkinis madani, marili, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi gaaCnia Savi zRvis sanapiro kurortebi. igi mezobel
da hidroenergia. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobpro- qveynebTan SedarebiT navTobiT mdidari qveyanaa. buqa-
duqtebi, cementi da qimiuri nawarmi. resti daarsda 1459 wels. bolo dros misi ekonomikis
progresirebad dargs warmoadgens turizmi. qveynis er-
T-erT mniSvnelovan turistul resurss warmoadgens
karpatis mTebi. igi mdebareobs qveynis Sua gulSi. am
mTaTa sistema dayofilia aRmosavleT, samxreT da da-
savleT karpatebad.
karpatis yvela zonaSi turistebi SeiZleba Sexvdnen
mTis kurortebs, romelic gamiznulia sazafxulo das-
venebisa da zamTris saxeobis sportisaTvis. aq mdebare-
obs balneologiuri kurortebic. karpatis mTebSi Sesa-
niSnavad iyeneben sportis iseT saxeebs, rogoricaa: al-
pinizmi da kldeze cocva. rumineTSi aris alpinizmis
331 332
mniSvnelovani centrebi. am qveynis mTebSi xdeba nadi- bulgareTis turistuli potenciali
robis organizeba. karpatebSi turizmis gavrcelebuli
saxeoba mTis velo-sporti. damsvenebelTaTvis aq popu- bulgareTis respublika mdebareobs balkaneTis na-
larulia nakrZalebisa da bunebrivi parkebis daTvali- xevarkunZulze, samxreT-aRmosavleT eevropaSi. am qveya-
ereba. nas esazRvreba rumineTi, serbeTi, makedonia, saberZneTi
rumineTis Savi zRvis sanapiro sxva sakurorto rai- da TurqeTi. qveynis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs Savi
onebTan SedarebiT naklebad popularulia, rac dakav- zRva, romlis sanapiros sigrZe aris 378 km. misi far-
Sirebulia am regionSi dabali donis momsaxurebasTan. Tobi Seadgens 111 aT km2-s. qveynis didi nawili ukavia
am qveynis cnobili sazRvao kurortia konstanca. buqa- balkaneTis da rodopis mTebs. umaRlesi mwvervalia mu-
restis samxreT istoriul nawils adre eZaxdnen ~aRmo- salas mTa (2925 m).
savleTis parizs”. verc miwisZvram, verc meore msof- bulgareTi xangrZlivi istoriis mqone qveyanaa. igi
lio omis dros ganxorcielebulma dabombvam da verc Camoyalibda Cvens welTa aRricxvamde VII s-Si. 632-681
CauSeskis mier miyenebulma zaralma ver gaanadgura bu- wlebSi. 1185-1422 wlebSi es qveyana warmoadgenda Zleva-
qarestis silamaze. am qalaqis RirsSesaniSnavi adgile- mosil imperias, magram momdevno 5 saukunis ganmavloba-
bia: triumfaluri TaRi, iusticiisa da prezidentis re- Si osmaleTis dampyrobluri omebis miuxedavad, bulga-
zidencia. reTma SeinarCuna Tavisi kultura. igi gaTavisuflda
dunaisa da karpatebs Soris mdebareobs qveynis sa- osmalebis monobis uRelisagan 1877 _ 1878 wlebSi ru-
arsebo wyaro marcvleulis regioni, sadac Tavmoyri- seTTan warmoebuli omis Sedegad TurqeTis damarcxe-
lia qveynis mravali turistuli RirsSesaniSnaoba. aq bis Semdeg. 1945-1989 wlebSi bulgareTi iyo socialis-
arsebobs agreTve hidroenergetikuli kompleqsi, wylis turi qveyana. 1989 wels socialisturi wyobis dasru-
rezeruarebis qseliT. rumineTis Crdilo-dasavleTiT lebis Semdeg bulgareTi gadaiqca ganviTarebadi de-
mdebareobs transilvania, sadac ganlagebulia kultu- mokratiis mqone saparlamento respublikad. igi gawev-
rul-istoriuli qalaqebi _alba-iulia da braSovi. rianda evrokavSirSi, natoSi, gaeroSi da msoflio sa-
braSovidan 15 kilometrSi mdebareobs 1377_1382 wlebSi vaWro organizaciaSi. misi dedaqalaqia sofia, xolo
agebuli branis istoriul-kulturuli Zegli. qveynis oficialuri ena ki aris bulgaruli.
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT aris administraciuli centri _
iasi. aRniSnul qalaqSi funqcionirebs mravali eklesi-
a-monasteri, romelic ucxoeTidan izidavs uamrav
mlocvels. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs du-
nais deltis raioni, romelic Setanilia iuneskos bi-
osferul nakrZalTa siaSi. rumineTSi mdebareobs mari-
lis Zveli maRaro, sadac ganlagebulia evropis udide-
si miwisqveSa arqeologiuri muzeumi.
333 334
bulgareTi. (XIX s.). cnobili bulgarelebi arian momRerali _ fi-
lip kirkorovi, fexburTeli _ stoiCkovi da naTel-
mxilveli vanga.
bunebrivi resursebis flobis kuTxiT sxva qveyneb-
Tan SedarebiT Raribma bulgareTma kursi aiRo turiz-
mis industriis sferoSi ucxouri investiciebis mozid-
vaze. igi turistebs izidavs Savi zRvis kurortebis
(`mzis sanapiros”, ~oqros qviSis”, burgasisa da sxvaTa)
meSveobiT. `mzis sanapiros” kurorti iTvleba bulgare-
Tis yvelaze did da cnobil turistul kompleqsad.
igi mdebareobs burgasis CrdiloeTiT 36 km-isa da var-
nasagan 90 km-is daSorebiT, patara yureSi. kurortis
CrdiloeT nawili mdebareobs mTis masivSi, rac qmnis
mTisa da zRvis peizaJebis harmonias. `mzis sanapiro”
gadaWimulia 16 km-ze. is Sedgeba patara oqrosferi qvi-
2008 wlis monacemebiT, bulgareTSi cxovrobs 7,6 Sisagan. es sanapiro araa Rrma, ris gamoc igi SesaniS-
mln kaci, misi saerTo mSp Seadgens 90,2 mlrd dolars, navi adgilia bavSvebiani ojaxebis dasvenebisTvis.
erT mosaxleze ki_11,8 aTas dolars. qveynis valuta ~oqros qviSis” sazRvao kurorti mdebareobs varnis
aris levi. qveyana administraciulad dayofilia 8 ol- CrdiloeTiT 18 km-is daSorebiT, saxalxo parkis teri-
qad da dedaqalaqad. misi religia aris marTlmadideb- toriaze. kurortis sanapiros gaswvriv mimdebare teri-
luri qristianoba. qveynis didi qalaqebia varna da toriaze aris oqrosferi qviSa. bulgareTis sanapiros
burgasi. mis bunebriv resurss ganekuTvneba: boqsitebi, zemoT CamoTvlil upiratesobebs am qveynis mineraluri
spilenZi, tyvia, TuTia, qvanaxSiri da saSeni xe-tye. wyaroebi umateben dasvenebisa da ZalTa aRdgenis Se-
bulgareTs saeqsportod gaaqvs manqanaTmSeneblobis saZleblobebs.
produqcia, kvebis produqtebi, Rvino, Tambaqo da qsovi- sofias gaaCnia arsebobis xangrZlivi istoria. igi
li. samxreT evropis yvelaze mwvane, yvavilebiani qalaqia,
bulgareTi flobs Semdegi saxis istoriul-kultu- sadac mdebareobs istoriuli muzeumi. turistuli mar-
rul memkvidreobas: sofia _ wm. sofias (VI s.), aleqsan- Sutebi moicavs mTel bulgareTs da mis SesaniSnav is-
dre nevelis (XIX s.), boianas (XIII s.) taZrebi da arqeo- toriul qalaqs _ plovdivs. gasaocrad lamazi qalaqe-
logiuri muzeumi; kazanlakis da sveCtaris samarxebi; bia gaSenebuli Savi zRvis sanapiroze. esenia: varna,
madara horsemani; nesebari _Zveli qalaqi (V s.); pirinis burgasi da nesebiri. yovel maTganSi aris arqeologiu-
erovnuli parki, rilas monasteri (XIX s.); srebarnas ri muzeumebi. qveynis mTianma reliefma Seqmna samTo--
nakrZali; baCkovo _ petriwonis monasteri, rusul-bul- saTxilamuro turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobebi.
garuli megobrobis monumenti Sipkis uReltexilze qveyanas gaaCnia sakmaod iafi samTo-saTxilamuro ku-
335 336
rortebi: boroveci, pamporovo da bansko. boroveci is zRvis ukan daxevis Sedegad. SemogarenSi arsebuli
bulgareTis uZvelesi da yvelaze msxvili samTo-saTxi- tyeebis gamo, teritoria gaformda specialur bunebriv
lamuro kurortia. is mdebareobs sofiis samxreT-aRmo- nakrZalad, magram amave dros igi warmoadgens eqsklu-
savleTidan 72 km-is daSorebiT. borovecis kurorti ziur sanadiro teritorias, sadac monadireebi Camodi-
mdebareobs fiWvis tyeebs Soris rodopis mTis Crdi- an dasavleT evropis qveynebidanac. serbeTisa da rumi-
loeT ferdobze. igi daarsda XIX s-Si, rogorc bulga- neTis sazRvarze qalaq _orSovis qvemoT 15 km-ze gada-
reTis mefis sanadiro baza.1 Wimulia mdinare (~rkinis WiSkaris” saxelwodebiT),
romlis kalapotSic mravladaa naosnobis Semaferxebe-
serbeTisa da montenegros turistuli li Cqerebi da Woromebi. voevodina serbeTis avtonomi-
potenciali uri mxarea, romelic mdebareobs qveynis CrdiloeTiT.
serbeTis msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi
serbeTis respublika mdebareobs balkaneTis naxe- Sedis: gamzigradi, grCanicis monasteri, visoki-deCanis
varkunZulze samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi, md. dunais monasteri, kosovos marTlmadidebluri monastrebi,
auzSi. mas esazRvreba CrdiloeTiT ungreTi, aRmosav- leviSkis RvTismSoblis eklesia, wminda sabas taZari,
leTiT _ rumineTi da bulgareTi, samxreTiT makedonia stari-rasi, studenicis, sopoCaCis, peCis sapatriarqo
da albaneTi, xolo dasavleTiT_ montenegro, xorvatia monastrebi. serbeTis sanapiroebi turistTa mxridan
da bosnia-hercegovina. serbeTis teritoriaze mdebare- sargeblobs didi moTxovniT.
obs kosovo, romlis mosaxleobis umravlesobas Sead- montenegros respublika mdebareobs samxreT-aRmo-
gens eTnikuri albanelebi. serbeTis dedaqalaqia bel- savleT evropaSi. dasavleTiT igi esazRvreba adriati-
gradi. misi oficialuri enaa serbuli, farTobi Sead- kis zRvas da xorvatias, CrdiloeTiT_bosniasa da her-
gens 88,3 aTas kv. km-s. qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 7,5 cegovinas, aRmosavleTiT _serbeTs, xolo samxreTiT ki
mln kacs, saerTo mSp 28,4 mlrd dolars, xolo erT _ albaneTs. serbeTsa da montenegros kavSiris daSlis
mosaxleze ki _ 3,2 aTas dolars. misi valutaa dinari. Semdeg am qveyanam gamoacxada damoukidebloba. misi de-
serbeTs gaaCnia arsebobis Zalze saintereso da xan- daqalaqia podgorica, oficialuri enaa serbul-xorva-
grZlivi istoria, rac aq izidavs istoriul-kulturu- tuli. farTobi Seadgens 13,8 aTas kv. km-s. 2011 wlis mo-
li RirsSesaniSnaobebiT dainteresebul milionobiT nacemebiT, montenegros mosaxleoba Seadgens 620,1 aTas
turists. serbeTi odiTganve iyo ucxoel dampyrobTa kacs, saerTo mSp _ 7,3 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mo-
Semosevis msxverpli. mis teritoriebs sxvadasxva epoqa- saxleze ki 11,5 aTas dolars. qveynis valuta aris ev-
Si inawilebdnen mezobeli qveynebi. 2006 wels man da- ro.
karga zRvaze gasasvleli. iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi
serbeTSi banatis regionis qviSian teritoriaze Sedis: montenegroSi mdebare kotoris istoriul-kul-
mdebareobs deliblatos udabno. is warmoiqmna panoni- turuli da bunebrivi regioni, romelic moicavs qalaq
kotoris Zvel nawils, mis TavdacviT nagebobebs da ko-
1
toris mimdebare teritoriebs. Zveli qalaqi kotori
www.sib-garden.ru/. Международный туризм.
337 338
moicavs Sua saukuneebis gamorCeul Senoba-nagebobebs zRva, dasavleTidan ioniis zRva, xolo samxreTidan ki
(1166 wels agebul wminda trifonis sakaTedro taZars). _ xmelTaSua zRva. qveyanaSi 1400-mde kunZulia, romel-
kotori mniSvnelovnad dazianda 1979 wlis 15 aprilis Tagan 227 dausaxlebelia (kreta, korfu, rodosi, dod-
miwisZvris Sedegad. amis Semdeg igi gadainacvla iunes- kanesi da sxv). qveynis teritoriis 80% mTiania. misi
kos safrTxis qveS myof ZeglTa siaSi. kotoris Tav- umaRlesi mwvervalia olimpo (2917 m). aq mdebareobs
dacviTi nagebobebi moicavs samxedro nagebobebis sis- tba _trixonisi, mdinareebi _ aliakmoni, piniosi da
temas, romelic icavda Sua saukuneebis qalaqs. isini sperxiosi. saberZneTis dedaqalaqia aTeni, oficialuri
Sedgeba qalaqis kedlebisagan WiSkrebisa da bastione- ena _ berZnuli. misi farTobi Seadgens 132 aTas km2-s.
bisagan. wminda ioanes cixe-simagres da sxva damxmare 2011 wlis monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 11,3
nagebobebs. msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Sesu- mln kacs, saerTo mSp_318 mlrd dolars, xolo erT
li es regioni moicavs kotoris SemogarenSi mdebare mosaxleze ki_28,4 aT dolari. qveynis valuta aris ev-
mTebsa da patara qalaqebs _ rosansa perasts. maT ro.
ricxvs ganekuTvneba agreTve wminda giorgis kunZuli saberZneTi.
da RvTismSoblis klde.
amdenad, montenegro perspeqtiulia saerTaSoriso
turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. misi sanapiroebi
warmodgenilia Semdegi kurortebis saxiT: wminda ste-
fane, kotori da a. S. es qveyana odiTganve iyo dasvene-
bis prestiJuli adgili. aq xarobs maRali mcenareebi,
xolo zRvis sanapiroebze ki garSemortymulia qviSia-
ni, grZeli plaJebi, romlis siaxloves ganlagebulia
komfortuli sastumroebi. qalaqs gars axvevia aRorZi-
nebis epoqis kedlebi_XV s-is arqiteqturuli Zeglebi.
aq regularulad tardeba festivalebi da dResaswau-
lebi.
saberZneTis turistuli potenciali saberZneTis bunebriv resursebs ganekuTvneba: boqsi-

tebi, magneziti, navTobi, marmarilo da hidroenergia.
saberZneTis respublika mdebareobs samxreT evropa- saberZneTi administraciulad iyofa 54 raionad, rom-
Si, balkaneTis naxevarkunZulze. mas CrdiloeTiT lebic gaerTianebulni arian 13 regionSi. gansakuTre-
esazRvreba albaneTi, makedoniis respublika da bulga- buli statusi aqvs miniWebuli aTenis mTis ~samonas-
reTi, samxreTiT_ TurqeTi, aRmosavleTiT egeosis tro respublikas”, romelic mdebareobs qalkidikis na-
xevarkunZulze. saberZneTis religiaa marTlmadideb-
339 340
loba. misi mTavari qalaqebia: aTeni, saloniki, pirevsi, apolonis taZari, dafnis monasteri, delosi, delfo,
patra, iraklioni da larisa. saberZneTi agrarul-in- vergina, ioane RvTismetyvelis monasteri, kerkira, mete-
dustriuli qveyanaa. ekonomikaSi wamyvani adgili (67%) oras monastrebi, mikene, mistra, nea monis monasteri,
ukavia momsaxurebis sferos. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs osios lukas monasteri, parTenoni, patmosi, piTagoreo-
tansacmeli, zeiTunis zeTi, xili, Tambaqo da navTob- ni, rodosi da tirinfa. saberZneTis muzeumebia aTalo-
produqtebi. saberZneTis istoriul-kulturul memkvid- sis stoa, erovnuli arqeologiuri da akropolisis mu-
reobas ganekuTvneba: aTenSi _ akropolisi, erovnuli zeumebi.
arqeologiuri, bizantiuri muzeumi, Diogenes Suqura, Sesabamisad saberZneTi warmoadgens saerTaSoriso
qarebis koSki, adrianas TaRi da poseidonis taZari; sa- turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan centrs samxreT
lonikSi _ wm. elenes eklesia, ~TeTri koSki”; aTonis evropaSi. qveyanaSi mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli erTma-
mTa da misi monastrebi; rodosSi _ ioaniti raindebis neTTan antikuri, Suasaukunovani da Tanamedrove epoqis
sasaxle, rodosis kolosi, olimpia; kretaSi_qalaq RirsSesaniSnaobani. aTeni turizmis ganviTarebis isto-
knososis nangrevebi; berZnuli eposi_iliada da odisea riuli centria. cnobili berZeni istorikosebi aTenis
(Zv. w. aR-mde VIII s.). RirsSesaniSnaobaTa Sesaxeb ase weren: ~aTenis romeli
1829 wels saberZneTma moipova damoukidebloba, os- nawilidanac ar unda gaxedo, yvela kuTxidan kargad
maleTis imperiisagan, magram amas mohyva politikuri Cans, Tu rogor amayad dgas cxenze amxedrebuli akro-
gadatrialebebis mTeli epoqa. saberZneTis Tanamedrove polisi, misi taZari. akropolisis simaRlidan kargad
demokratiuli respublika Camoyalibda 1975 wels. 1981 moCans antikuri xanis ori Teatri _ odeoni da dioni-
wels igi gaxda evrokavSiris wevri qveyana. saberZneTis se, romlebic uZvelesi arian mTel evropaSi.” avtorebi
arqeologiuri Zeglebia delfo da mikene. aTenis arqi- aTenis RirsSesaniSnaobad miiCneven agreTve aTenis uni-
teqturas warmoadgens aTalosis stoa da zevsis taZa- versitets, konservatoriasa da qalaqis uZveles na-
ri. saberZneTis erovnuli parkebia olimpo da parnasi. wils _ erovnul arqeologiur muzeums.
ucxoeli turistebis dainteresebas iwvevs saberZneTis saberZneTis umsxvilesi kunZulia kreta, romelic
monastrebi: aTanases lavra, aTonis iverTa monasteri, turistebs sTavazobs dasvenebisa da garTobis sxvadas-
axali aTonis, grigoriatis, dionises, esTigmenis, zog- xvagvar da aratradiciul SesaZleblobebs. turistuli
rafis, ioane RvTismetyvelis, karakalas, kastamonitis, sezoni aq iwyeba jer kidev aprilSi da mTavrdeba oq-
meteoras, panteleimonis, filoTeis, qilendaris, qseno- tombris bolos. kreta aris egeosis erT-erTi uZvelesi
fontesa da wminda pavles monastrebi. centri. saberZneTis maRaziebSi turistebs SeuZliaT
saberZneTis turistuli daraionebis gegmaSi SeiZ- SeiZinon bevri lamazi saiuveliro nawarmi da xalxuri
leba gamoiyos: 1. aTeni; 2. Crdilo saberZneTi; 3. aRmo- xelovnebis sxva mravali Sedevri. tradiciuli xil-
savleT saberZneTi; 4. centraluri saberZneTi; 5. sam- bostneulis gverdiT, kretaze iyideba adgilobrivi xe-
xreT saberZneTi; 6. kunZulovani teritoriebi. saber- xili _ avokado, kivi, banani da sxva. rodosis kunZuli
ZneTSi mdebareobs msoflio memkvidreobis Semdegi Zeg- iTvleba saberZneTis yvelaze ufro mzian kunZulad. aq
lebi: aTenis akropolisi, apokalifsis gamoqvabuli, funqcionirebs saTamaSo saxlebi.
341 342
qveynis CrdiloeT nawilSi, adriatikis zRvidan 2,5 lars. misi valutaa kuna. xorvatiis dedaqalaqia zag-
km-is daSorebiT, mdebarebs kunZuli korfu, romelic rebi. oficialuri enaa xorvatuli.
asocirdeba Zveli saberZneTis legendebsa da miTebTan.
swored korfuze aRmoaCines argonavtebis TavSesafari. xorvatia.
maT kolxeTis mefisagan_ aietisagan gamoqcevis Semdeg
swored am kunZulze Seafares Tavi. korfus mefem _al-
kinma akurTxa aietis lamazi qaliSvilis medeasa da
argonavtis iasonis qorwili. saberZneTSi turistuli
nakadebisaTvis Zalian mimzidvelia qalkidikis naxevar-
kunZuli. is aris Zveli berZeni filosofosis aristo-
teles samSoblo. naxevarkunZulze aeroportidan avto-
mobiliT erTi saaTis savalze mdebareobs saloniki.
saberZneTi warmoadgens mlocvelTa dainteresebis erT-
erT qveyanas. aTonis wminda mTaze salocavad asvla
surs yvelas. aTonis mTa mdebareobs qalkidikis naxe-
varkunZulis aRmosavleTiT. aq funqcionirebs marTlma-
didebluri eklesia-monastrebi.
qveynis aRmosavleTi nawili borcviani vakea, centra-
luri da dasavleTi nawili _ mTiani, romlis maqsima-
luri simaRlea 1913 m. mTavari mdinarea dunai. xorvati-
xorvatiis turistuli potenciali is CrdiloeTsa da centrSi klimati zomierad konti-
nenturia, xangrZlivi civi zamTriT. qveynis gaswvriv
xorvatiis unitarul-saparlamento respublika mde- adriatikis zRvis sanapiroze klimati subtropikulia.
bareobs samxreT-aRmosavleT evropaSi. qveynis samxreT- qveyana administraciulad dayofilia 20 olqad. misi
dasavleTi nawili mdebareobs balkaneTis naxevarkun- religiaa kaTolicizmi.
Zulze. misi mosazRvre saxelmwifoebia: CrdiloeTiT- xorvatia agrarul-industriuli qveyanaa. mrewvelo-
_ungreTi, Crdilo-dasavleTiT _ slovenia, aRmosavle- bis ZiriTadi dargebia navTobis mopoveba-gadamuSaveba,
TiT _ serbeTi, samxreTiT _ montenegro, samxreT-aRmo- gazis mopoveba, qimiuri, kvebis da safeiqro mrewvelo-
savleTiT _ bosnia da hercegovina, samxreT-dasavle- ba. istriasa da dalmaciaSi ganviTarebulia mevenaxeo-
TiT mas ekvris adriatikis zRva, romelSic mdebareobs ba-meRvineoba da TevzWera. didi perspeqtiva gaaCnia am
xorvatiis kuTvnili dalmaciis kunZulebi. xorvatiis qveyanaSi (gansakuTrebiT adriatikis zRvis sanapiroze)
teritoria moicavs 56,542 aTas km2-s. 2007 wlis monace- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebas. qveynis ZiriTad
mebiT misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 4,4 mln kacs. 2008 bunebriv resurss warmoadgens navTobi, qvanaxSiri, boq-
wlis monacemebiT, am qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 74,4 sitebi, rkinis madani, kalciumi, bunebrivi asfalti,
mlrd dolars, erT mosaxleze ki _ 16,758 aTas do- Tixa, marili da hidroenergia. qveyanas saeqsportod ga-
343 344
aqvs marcvleuli, xil-bostneuli, kartofili, Tambaqo, Tedro taZari mdebareobs qalaq SibenikSi. igi aris 32
liTonis nakeTobani da safeiqro nawarmi. metris simaRlis gumbaTis mqone kaTolikuri eklesia.
xorvatiis teritoria odiTganve iyo romis, bizanti- taZari mTeli qveynis masStabiT yvelaze mniSvnelovani
isa da sxva imperiebis iurisdiqciaSi. am miwebze sla- renesansuli arqiteqturuli monumentia.
vuri tomebi gamoCdnen VII saukunidan. IX saukunidan xorvatiis geografiuli ganlagebis ganmasxvavebel
xorvatias ganagebda frankebi. am droidan iwyeba qveya- Taviseburebas warmoadgens adriatikis zRvaze mis
naSi qristianobis gavrcelebac. 925 wlidan igi gaxda mflobelobaSi grZeli (daaxloebiT 1800 km sigrZis)
damoukidebeli saxelmwifo. man es damoukidebloba da- sanapiros arseboba, romlis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs
karga 1102 wels ungreTis zegavlenis qveS moqcevis ga- ekonomikurad depresiuli naxevarkunZu-li _ istrias
mo. 1990-ian wlebamde xorvatia ibrZoda damoukideblo- raioni. igi gamoirCeva pulas ekologiurad sufTa tu-
bis aRdgenisaTvis, 1990 wlis Semdeg man gamoacxada da- ristuli centriT.
moukidebloba, miiRo konstitucia. 1991 wlis 25 ivnisi- centraluri dalmaciis raionSi, splitis aeropor-
dan igi gaxda damoukidebeli saxelmwifo. tidan 1,5 km-is daSorebiT, mdebareobs cnobili saku-
xorvatias gaaCnia Semdegi saxis istoriul-kultu- rorto raioni, sadac ganTavsebulia xorvatiis erovnu-
ruli memkvidreobis Zeglebi: istoriuli qalaqi _ dub- li parki. Tavisi unikaluri ganlagebis wyalobiT,
rovniki (XII_XVII ss.); zagrebi_sasaxle (XVIII s.); rie- dalmacia asrulebs qveynis mniSvnelovani kulturul-
ka_cixe-simagre da taZari (XIV s.); spliti_ istoriuli istoriuli centris rols. xorvatiis sanapiros am na-
centrebi diokletianes sasaxliT; plitvicis tbaTa wilSi gaSenebulia fiWvis tyeebi da zeTisxilis baRe-
erovnuli parki da dalmaciis sanapiro. xorvatiaSi ar- bi, rac am kurorts xdis dasvenebisaTvis popularul
sebobs Semdegi saxis msoflio memvidreobis Zeglebi: adgils. mis samxreTiT mdebareobs meRvineobis cnobi-
diokletianes sasaxle, dubrovniki, evfrasis bazilika, li centri_dubrovniki, romelic 1996 wels turizmis
plitvicis tbebis erovnuli parki, spliti, stari-gra- sferoSi warmatebisaTvis daajildoves ~oqros vaSlis”
dis vake, trogiri da Sibenikis wminda iakobis sakaTed- priziT.
ro taZari. xorvatiis mTavari qalaqebia dubrovniki, zagrebi mdebareobs mdinare savas xeobaSi. igi gamo-
zagrebi, osieki, salona, spliti, trogiri da humi. irCeva mravali turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobiT. mag.,
evfrasis bazilika mdebareobs qalaq poreCSi, rome- plitvices tba yovelwliurad izidavs aTasobiT tu-
lic warmoadgens saepiskoposo kompleqss. igi adreuli rists. xorvatiis saxelmwifoSi ramdenime daculi te-
bizantiuri arqiteqturis erT-erTi saukeTeso Sedevri- ritoria da zooparkia. krkas daculi teritoria moi-
a, romelsac miwisZvrebisa da xanZrebis miuxedavad Se- cavs mdinare _ krkas SesarTavs, lamaz karstul mRvi-
narCunebuli aqvs Tavdapirveli forma. 1997 wels iunes- meebs da maTi siRrmidan momdinare nakadulebs. xorva-
kom igi Seitana msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxa- tia flobs 1000-ze met kunZuls, romelTagan dasaxle-
Si. dRevandeli bazilika RvTismSoblis saxelobisaa, bulia mxolod 66. am qveynis kunZulebi warmoadgens
romlis mSenebloba daiwyo 553 wels Zveli, dangrevis zRvispira dasvenebis da iaxtebiT gaseirnebis moyva-
piras misuli bazilikis adgilas. wminda iakobis saka- rulTa dainteresebis sferos. xorvatia evropel aris-
345 346
tokratTa dasvenebis prestiJuli adgilia. istrias na- _ 70,4 aTas dolars, misi valutaa evro. religia aris
xevarkunZulze xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimatia: zam- kaTolicizmi. monakos ar aqvs bunebrivi resursebi. mi-
TarSi haeris temperatura aq Seadgens +60-s, xolo zaf- si Semosavlebis ZiriTadi wyaroa turizmi. misi kazino-
xulSi ki +220-s. istriis erovnuli parkis mSvidi gare- ebi da sasiamovno klimati aq yovelwliurad izidavs
mo, xelsayrel bunebriv-klimatur pirobebTan erTad, mraval turists. monako damoukidebeli gaxda 1861
qmnis dasvenebis saukeTeso pirobebs. turizmis ganviTa- wels safrangeTis proteqtoratis qveS. mis turistul
rebis xelSewyobis mizniT, xorvatia atarebs sportul RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba kurorti, samorineebi
Sejibrebebs CogburTSi. da okeanografiis instituti.
monako.
xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis turistuli

potenciali
turistebSi gansakuTrebuli popularobiT sargeb-

lobs xmelTaSuazRvis sanapiroze ganlagebuli qveyne-
bi. am regionSi sufevs xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimati,
ganviTarebuli turistuli infrastruqturiT, uZvelesi
da Suasaukunovani istoriuli ZeglebiTa da mravali
sxva RirsSesaniSnaobiT.
monakos turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani monakoSi mdebareobs 800-ze meti saerTaSoriso kom-

paniis mmarTveli ofisi da 50-ze meti banki, rac ganpi-
monakos samTavro damoukidebeli juja saxelmwi- robebulia xelsayreli sagadasaxado reJimiT. turis-
foa, romelic mdebareobs evropis samxreT-dasavleT tebis yuradRebas monako imitom iqcevs, rom igi mdeba-
nawilSi, xmelTaSuazRvis Crdilo-centralur sanapi- reobs alpebis mTebis ZirSi 1,98 aTas km2-ze xmelTaSua
roze. mas esazRvreba safrangeTi. farTobis mixedviT zRvis laJvardovan sanapiroze. mas ar aqvs aranairi sa-
igi msoflioSi yvelaze patara qveyanaa vatikanis Sem- baJo kontroli safrangeTis sazRvarze. aq weliwadSi
deg. qveynis dedaqalaqia monako. oficialuri ena aris saSualod 300 mziani dRea. monako turistebs izidavs
franguli. monako aris konstituciuri monarqia. qveyana plaJebiT, TelasoTerapiis centrebiT, muzeumebiTa da
administraciulad dayofilia 4 kvartalad. 2011 wlis tropikuli akvariumebiT. monte-karlo evropis samoni-
monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 36 aTas kacs, sa- reebis ~dedaqalaqia”, sadac mravali saTamaSo aparati
erTo mSp _ 976 mln dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki da samorinea. am qalaqis mdidruli sasaxleebi dau-
viwyar STabeWdilebas tovebs turistebze. monte-kar-
347 348
loSi turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron monakos sa- malta odiTganve ganicdida finikielTa, berZenTa,
saxle, okeanografiis muzeumi, iaponuri baRi, monakos romaelTa da arabTa Semosevebs. 1964 wels man miiRo
taZari da istoriuli muzeumi. damoukidebloba. 2004 wlidan igi aris evrokavSiris
turistebis yuradRebas iqcevs agreTve monakos wevri qveyana. maltaSi aris mravali myudro da mosa-
CrdiloeTiT puatu-Sarantis regionSi mdebare atlan- xerxebeli navsadguri. Tanamedrove etapze malta war-
tis okeanis mziani sanapiro_ruaiani. monakos plaJebi moadgens namdvil muzeums Ria cis qveS. istoriuli
gamosadegia saialqno sportisa da saqare serfingisaT- Zeglebisa da muzeumebis mixedviT is mxolod roms Tu
vis. iseTi cixesimagreebi, rogoricaa fort-boiardi, Camouvardeba. maltaSi aris qvis nagebobebi, taZrebi,
sanapiros icavdnen zRvis mxridan. monakoSi turistebs romlebic 1000 wliT adre aigo, vidre egviptis cnobi-
izidavs agreTve iseTi patara qalaqebi, rogoricaa: fuli piramidebi. maltas msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebs
rasi, la-palmiri, sen-pol-siur-meri da meSeri. la-ro- ganekuTvneba: valeta, maltas megaliTuri taZrebi, mna-
Seli Tavisi mravalricxovani muzeumebiTa da cxovre- irda, tarSieni, jgantia, hal-saflieni da hajar-kimi.
bis stiliT saukuneebis manZilze izidavda xalxs. qvey-
nis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens agreTve malta.
raSforis sasaxle da Zveli cixe-simagre _ bruaJi.
maltis turistuli potenciali
maltis saparlamento respublika mdebareobs sam-

xreT evropaSi, xmelTaSua zRvis centralur nawilSi
ganlagebul arqipelagze, siciliis sanapirodan 93 km-
is, tunisis sanapirodan 288 km-is, xolo gibraltaris
srutemde 1,82 km-is daSorebiT. misi dedaqalaqia vale-
ta. udidesi qalaqia birkirkara. oficialuri enebia
malturi da inglisuri. qveynis farTobia 316 km2. 2010
wlis monacemebiT, maltis mosaxleoba Seadgens 413 aT malta idealuri adgilia dasasveneblad. turis-
kacs, saerTo mSp _ 9,3 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mo- tebs aq elodebaT mSvidi garemo da stumarTmoyvare
saxleze ki 23,2 aT dolars. misi valutaa evro. qveyana xalxi. qveyanaSi tardeba bevri dResaswauli, festiva-
administraciulad dayofilia 6 olqad. misi religiaa li, Teatralizebuli warmodgenebi da feirverkebi.
kaTolicizmi. maltis Semosavlis wyaroa turizmi. misi maltaSi aris uZvelesi taZrebi: dJantia, xadJar-im da
resursebia marili da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. tarSini. teritoriuli simciris miuxedavad aq gaSene-
bulia turistuli infrastruqtura da Seqmnilia yve-
349 350
la piroba turistebis komfortuli dasvenebisaTvis: loba. mas gaaCnia sakongreso turizmis ganviTarebis
barebi, diskotekebi, saukeTeso plaJebi, sastumroebi da perspeqtivac. maltaSi turists SeuZlia dakavdes spor-
kazinoebi. tis mravali saxeobiT.
maltis kidev erT RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens
yviTeli qva, romelic Warbobs maltis arqiteqturaSi.
is matebs maltas momxibvlelobas. aq aris uaRresad
sufTa wyali da ulamazesi buneba. gansakuTrebiT mSvi- CrdiloeT evropis turistuli potenciali
di da sasiamovnoa zRvaSi curva, radganac maltis kun-
Zulebis maxloblad ar binadroben adamianis sicocx- rogorc avRniSneT, CrdiloeT evropas ganekuTvneba
lisaTvis saSiSi zRvis cxovelebi. wylis temperatura skandinaviis qveynebi (norvegia, SvedeTi, fineTi, dania,
aq zamTarSi ar ecema 140-ze qveviT. maltis Rvino Zali- islandia) da baltiispireTis qveynebi (litva, latvia
an gemrieli da orjer ufro iafia importulTan Seda- da estoneTi).
rebiT. maltis simbolod iTvleba delfinebi. adgilob-
rivi SuSis mwarmoebeli qarxana amzadebs originalur
suvenirebsa da samkaulebs, romlebic konkurencias fineTis turistuli potenciali da misi ga-
uweven Cexur SuSasac ki. gansakuTrebiT suveniris sa- moyeneba
xiT maltidan miaqvT delikatesi wiTeli Rvino.
xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimati maltaSi saSuale- fineTi aris saparlamento respublika, romelic
bas aZlevs turistebs daisvenon mTeli wlis ganmavlo- mdebareobs evropis kontinentis ukidures CrdiloeTSi,
baSi. sanapiroze dasvenebisaTvis yvelaze xelsayreli skandinaviis regionSi. igi SemosazRvrulia baltiis
droa maisidan oqtombramde, xolo SemecnebiTi turiz- zRviT, bostniisa da fineTis yureebiT. mas dasavleTi-
misa da ~mesame asakis” pirTa dasvenebisaTvis yvelaze dan esazRvreba SvedeTi, CrdiloeTidan _norvegia, aR-
xelsayrelia noembridan aprilamde sezoni.1 maltaSi mosavleTidan _ ruseTi da estoneTi. aq mosaxleoba
ganviTarebulia mravali saxis turizmi. kulturul-Se- Tavmoyrilia qveynis samxreT-dasavleT sanapiro zol-
mecnebiTi turizmi dakavSirebulia am qveynis kulina- Si. urbanizaciis done Seadgens 64%-s. 2012 wlis mona-
rul saidumleobasa da valetis arqiteqturul Zegleb- cemebiT, fineTSi cxovrobs 5,4 mln kaci, saerTo mSp
Tan. plaJis magnituri sila da mzis sxivebi iZleva sam- Seadgens 163 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki_
kurnalo-gamajansaRebel efeqts. 1989 wels mixeil gor- 34,8 aTas dolars. igi evrokavSirSi yvelaze (evropaSi
baCovsa da jorj buSs Soris swored maltaSi Sedga ki mesame_ islandiisa da norvegiis Semdeg) meCxrad da-
istoriuli Sexvedra, ramac safuZveli daudo ~civi saxlebuli qveyanaa. farTobis mixedviT (338,114 aT km2-
omis” dasasruls. maltis erT-erT upiratesobas warmo- iT) fineTi merve adgilzea evropaSi. igi iyofa eqvs
adgens msxvili biznes-forumebis Catarebis SesaZleb- provinciad, romlebic Tavis mxriv iyofa 20 regionad
(qveyanas ekuTvnis alandis kunZulebis avtonomiuri
1
olqic). fineTis regionebi ki Tavis mxriv Sedgeba muni-
www.ocean.net/международный туризм, Израиль,ОАЭ, Чехия.
351 352
cipalitetebisagan. am qveyanaSi sul 342 municipalite- qveynis klimati kontinenturi da sub-polarulia.
tia. misi dedaqalaqia helsinki, xolo didi qalaqebi ki fineTis CrdiloeTiT klimati subarqtikulia, xolo
aris: tampere, turku, espoo, vantaa, oulu da kuopio. samxreTiT _ naxevrad kontinenturi. saerTo jamSi hava
fineTis oficialuri enaa finuri da Sveduri. misi re- nestiani, grilia. igi xasiaTdeba Tbili zafxuliTa da
ligiaa evangelur-luTeranuli mimdinareobis protes- Zalian civi zamTriT. qveynis klimats ganapirobebs mi-
tantizmi. si CrdiloeTi da zRvispira ganlageba. fineTis samxre-
fineTis pirveli mosaxleni (8500 wlis win) iyvnen TiT zamTari 4 Tves grZeldeba da temperatura _200C-
monadire-Semgroveblebi. fineTis soflis meurneobam ze qveviTaa, xolo zafxuli 4 Tves grZeldeba da maqsi-
ganviTareba daiwyo 4500 wlis win. im droisTvis wamyva- maluri temperatura aRwevs +300C-s. CrdiloeT fineTSi
ni dargebi iyo meTevzeoba da nadiroba. fineTi mrava- zamTari Zalian civia da grZeldeba 7 Tves, xolo zaf-
li saukunis ganmavlobaSi iTvleboda SvedeTis Semad- xuli ki_Tbili da xanmokle (2 Tviani).
genel nawilad. 1809 wlidan igi Sedioda ruseTis impe- fineTi ekonomikurad maRalganviTarebuli qveyanaa.
riis SemadgenlobaSi. qveyanam damoukidebloba moipova misi bunebrivi resursebia xe-tye, spilenZi, TuTia, rki-
1917 wels, rasac mohyva samoqalaqo omi, omebi sabWoTa nis madani da vercxli. tye faravs fineTis teritoriis
kavSirTan da nacistur germaniasTan. civi omis dros mniSvnelovan nawils. misi ekonomikis wamyvani seqtoria
qveyanas gamocxadebuli hqonda oficialuri neitrali- momsaxureba (61%). qveyana awarmoebs maRalxarisxian qa-
teti. 1955 wels igi SeuerTda gaeros da evrokavSirs. Ralds, ~nokias” qselur telefonebs, dizelis Zravebs,
fineTi aris evrozonis erT-erTi damaarsebeli qveyana. liftebis mowyobilobas, zRvis lainerebsa da spor-
tul inventars. qveyanas saeqsportod gaaqvs xe-tye, av-
fineTi, SvedeTi da norvegia. tomobilebi, gemebi, tansacmeli da aveji. qveynis udi-
desi kompaniaa ~nokia”. iuneskos monacemebiT, fineTi
ikavebs I adgils msoflioSi gruntis wylebis xarisxis
mixedviT. gruntis wylebi aq imdenad sufTaa, rom is
adamianma SeiZleba dalios gafiltvris gareSe. bolo
dros SeimCneva fineTis sasmeli wylebis eqsportis aq-
tivizacia. am sferoSi qveyanas SeuZlia gaimeoros fir-
ma ~nokiasa” da celuloza-qaRaldis produqciis gayid-
vaSi miRweuli warmateba.
fineTs gaaCnia ganaTlebis saukeTeso da saintere-
so sistema. finelebma did warmatebas miaRwies teleko-
munikaciis ganviTarebaSi, xis gadamamuSavebel teqno-
logiaSi. garda amisa, fineTs aqtiuri biznesi aqvs ru-
seTis Crdilo-dasavleT regionSi. fineTSi swavla Se-
353 354
iZleba gadaiqces ruseTis erT-erT kompaniaSi karieris skursia kotkaSi da a. S. aq tardeba sxvadasxva saxis
Seqmnis winapirobad. Sejibreba. turkus RirsSesaniSnaobaa kaTedraluri ta-
fineTis arqiteqturul memkvidreobas warmoadgens Zari.
helsinkis luTeranuli kaTedrali; helsinkSi _taZari, centraluri fineTi aris ulamazesi kunZulovani
senati, rusuli eklesia (XIX s.); tampereSi_XX s-is ta- mxare, sadac turistebs sTavazoben zRvaze gaseirnebis
Zari; finuri eposi_kalevala (1835 w.), Sua saukuneebis udides arCevans. aq portidan yoveldRiurad miemarTeba
cixe-simagre_ olafsborgi (1475 w) da viborgis bibli- patara gemi da zRvis avtobusebi. TxilamurebiT sria-
oTeka. fineTSi arsebobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo- li da Tevzaoba finuri saidumloebaa. fineTSi uvizod
bis Semdegi Zeglebi: aavasaksa, verla, kvarkeni, maRali Sesvla nebadarTulia CrdiloeTis qveynebis (daniis,
napiri, petia iavesis eklesia, samalaxdenmiaki, struves islandiis, SvedeTis da norvegiis) da evrokavSiris mo-
geodeziuri rkali, suomenlinas cixe-simagre da Zveli qalaqeebisaTvis.
rauma.
fineTi mofenilia kunZulebiT, romelTa sanapiroe-
bi zamTrobiT iyineba. qveynis bunebriv Taviseburebas SvedeTis turistuli potenciali da misi
warmoadgens polaruli Rame. ruseTis imperiidan ga- gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi
mosvlis Semdeg daiwyo fineTis kulturis ayvaveba, ra-
sac mohyva dedaqalaqis gadatana dasavleTis qalaq SvedeTis samefo mdebareobs CrdiloeT evropaSi
turkudan qveynis aRmosavleTiT helsinkSi. 1550 wels, skandinaviis naxevarkunZulze. mas dasavleTidan esazR-
ruseTis zegavlenis Sesustebis mizniT, SvedeTis mefem vreba norvegia, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan _fineTi, sam-
gustav vazam fineTis samxreTiT daaarsa porti. ase xreTidan zRviT esazRvreba dania, germania da polone-
warmoiSva helsinki.1 Ti, xolo aRmosavleTidan ki _ estoneTi, latvia, lit-
bunebriv da istoriul-ekonomikur TaviseburebaTa va da ruseTi. oresunis xidiT igi dakavSirebulia da-
mixedviT, fineTSi SesaZlebelia gamoyofili iqnes Sem- niasTan. qveynis teritoriis farTobis mixedviT (450,3
degi raionebi: samxreT fineTi centriT _ q. helsinki; aT km2-iT) igi mesame adgilzea evrokavSiris qveynebs
dasavleT fineTi qveynis Zveli dedaqalaqiT _ turku; Soris. SvedeTi erTerovani qveyanaa. 2009 wlis monace-
centraluri fineTi msxvili centriT _ tampere. aRmo- mebis mixedviT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 9,4 mln kacs,
savleT fineTis teritoriaze ganlagebulia qveynis um- saerTo mSp _ 336 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
sxvilesi porti _ kotka. fineTis CrdiloeTs iWers ki _ 34,7 aTas dolars. qveynis dedaqalaqia stokholmi.
laplandiis provincia. helsingSi turistebs xSirad oficialuri enaa Sveduri. aq moqmedebs saparlamento
sTavazoben Semdegi saxis eqskursiebs: helsingis xide- mmarTveloba da konstituciuri monarqia. qveynis valu-
bisa da arxebis daTvaliereba, sazRvao kruizebi, eq- taa Sveduri kroni, religia ki _luTeranizmi.
SvedeTis teritoriis naxevarze meti ukavia wiwvo-
1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru/. Международный туризм. ФИНЛЯНДИЯ —
van tyeebs. umaRlesi mwvervalia kebnekaise (2117 m.). mTa-
«страна тысячи озер». vari kunZulebia elandi da getlandi. aq klimati kon-
355 356
tinenturi da sub-polarulia. SvedeTi flobs TuTias, wels man daTmo Rmosavluri teritoriebi. 1860 wels
rkinis madans, tyvias, spilenZs, saSen xe-tyes, vercxls, rkinigzis mSeneblobam qveyanas misca mrewvelobis sxva
urans da hidro-energias. administraciulad qveyana da- dargTa ganviTarebis SesaZlebloba. I da II msoflio
yofilia 21 olqad. SvedeTis mTavari qalaqebia stok- omebis dros SvedeTma SeZlo politikuri neitralite-
holmi, geteborgi, malmo, ufsala da vesterosi. igi tis SenarCuneba es maSin, roca dania, norvegia da fine-
ganviTarebuli industriuli qveyanaa. ekonomikis mTava- Ti ver ascdnen faSistur agresias. 1950-70-ian wlebSi
ri seqtoria momsaxureba (67%). SvedeTs saeqsportod gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad qveynis socialur-eko-
gaaqvs foladi, avtomobilebi, rkina da qaRaldis na- nomikuri mdgomareoba gaumjobesda. 1990-ian wlebSi
warmi. Sveduri foladi saukeTeso xarisxisaa mTel SvedeTma uari Tqva politikur neitralitetze da 1995
msoflioSi. saerTaSoriso masStabiT cnobili Sveduri wels igi gaxda evrokavSiris wevri qveyana.
firmebia ~volvo” da ~eriqsoni”. am qveyanas mowesrige- SvedeTis laplandia turistebs izidavs mSvid ga-
buli aqvs rogorc Sida, ise gare komunikaciis infras- remoSi dasasveneblad. pirveli erovnuli parki aq ga-
truqtura. mas yvela dargSi gaaCnia maRalkvalifici- ixsna jer kidev 1909 wels. axla qveyanaSi 16 erovnuli
rebuli kadrebi. misi ekonomikis safuZvelia tye, hid- parki da 900 nakrZalia.
roenergia da rkinis madani. SvedeTis zomieri kontinenturi klimati iqmneba at-
SvedeTSi iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebs lantikis Tbili da arqtikis civi haeris masebis Semo-
ganekuTvneba: stokholmSi _ istoriuli centri, samefo dinebisa da urTierTzegavlenis Sedegad. samxreT Sve-
sasaxle, riqsdagi, skanseni (eTnografiuli muzeumi Ria deTSi bevri tbaa, sadac ganlagebulia smolandis mxa-
cis qveS), samxreT olandis agraruli peizaJebi, gamel- re. stokholmi gaSenebulia baltiis zRvis sanapiroze
stadis eklesiaTa sofeli, hanzas qalaqi visbiu da mdebare portis gaswvriv. es qalaqi Zalian lamazia,
laplandia. SvedeTi cnobilia agreTve mewarmeebiT: radganac masSi bevri RirsSesaniSnaoba da muzeumia.
jon eriqsoni da alfred nobeli; musikaluri jgufiT: mag: erovnuli muzeumi eTnografiuli muzeumi Ria cis
ABBA; mecnieriT: anders celsiusiT da fexburTeliT: qveS, CrdiloeTis baRi da a. S. CrdiloeT evropis do-
ibrahimoviCi. minanti qveyana _ SvedeTi, politikuri neitralitetis
SvedeTis miwebis aTviseba adamianebma daiwyes myin- SenarCunebiT, 200 welze metia ar monawileobs omebSi.
varebis dnobis dawyebis Semdeg. misi Zveli literatu- SvedeTis turistuli daraionebis gegmaSi SeiZleba
ruli Zeglebi SemorCenilia qvaze warwerebis saxiT. gamoiyos sami umsxvilesi qalaqi_stokholmi, geteborgi
X_XI ss-Si aq warmoiSva religiuri literatura laTi- da malme. stokholms uwodeben `wylis qalaqs”, gete-
nur enaze. XV_XVI saukuneebSi mTeli evropis masSta- borgi qveynis dasavleT sanapiros umsxvilesi portia.
biT SvedeTi iTvleboda Zlevamosil saxelmwifod, ra- SvedeTis CrdiloeTiT ganlagebulia TevziT mdidari
Sic efeqturi da gamocdili armiis wyalobiT udidesi mravali tba. aq aris bevri CanCqeri, sadac agebulia he-
roli Seasrula gustav vazam, magram momdevno aswle- sebi. CrdiloeT SvedeTSi zafxulobiT mze ar eSveba
ulSi SvedeTma ver SeinarCuna adre dapyrobili teri- horizontze. aq turisti xSirad Sexvdeba endemuri (iS-
toriebi da ruseTTan xangrZlivi omis Sedegad 1809 viaTi) jiSis Zvel florasa da faunas, romelic xa-
357 358
robs sacxovrebel saxlebTan axlos. SvedeTis saTxi- saucxood iyo Semonaxuli. axla igi ukve iTvleba mu-
lamuro kurorti _ ope Seesabameba saerTaSoriso stan- zeumis saukeTeso eqsponatad.
dartebs. maRali teqnikuri maxasiaTeblebis gamo, mas aqve mdebareobs patara, magram Zalian lamazi muze-
uwodeben ~skandinaviis alpebs”. aq xSirad tardeba umi, sadac Semonaxulia samefo ganZi: oqro, vercxli,
msoflio Cempionati samTo-saTxilamuro sportSi. margaliti, suvenirebi da sxva (maT Sorisaa mefe _ gus-
metad mravalferovania qveynis samxreT regionis tav vazas Spaga da gvirgvini). stokholmis mTavar Rir-
peizaJi. zRvis sanapiro savsea oqrosferi qviSiT. aq sSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens samefo sasaxle. es aris
mdebareobs evropaSi umsxvilesi tba _ venerni. Svede- uZvirfasesi mxatvrul-arqiteqturuli saganZuri. bal-
Tis samxreTiT gaSenebulia golfis saTamaSo moednebi. tiis zRvaSi mdebareobs SvedeTis 2 kunZuli_ elandi
lamaz landSaftTan erTad, am mxaris turistul mim- da getlandi. elandi cnobilia zRvis momajadoebeli
zidvelobas amaRlebs zRvis grZeli, qviSiani plaJebi. sanapiroebiT. kunZulze mdebareobs vikingebis dros
es aris saukeTeso adgili zRvis sanapirosTan axlos daarsebuli sofeli, im epoqisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli
ganlagebul mcire otelebSi turistebis gansaTavseb- atributikiT. baltiis zRvis yvelaze didi kunZulia
lad, sadac sufevs mSvidi garemo. aq mdebareobs same- getlandi. kunZulis mTavari qalaqia visbiu. igi garSe-
fo rezidencia. qveynis samxreTiT 16 km-iani xidi qalaq mortymulia Suasaukunovani myari, damcavi kedlebiT
_ malmes akavSirebs daniis dedaqalaq _ kopenhagenTan. da Setanilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa
dasavleT SvedeTis centrad iTvleba qveynis sidi- nusxaSi. im turistul marSutebs Soris, romelsac
diT meore qalaqi _ geteborgi, sadac mdebareobs epis- sTavazoben SvedeTSi damsvenebels, aRsaniSnavia stok-
koposis rezidencia da universiteti. centraluri Sve- holmisa da geteborgis damakavSirebeli giotis arxi.
deTi aris erTgvari ~meqa” maTTvis, visac ainteresebs aq turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron Zveli monastre-
am qveynis kultura. sadResaswaulo dReebSi aq tu- bi, tye da sxva sanaxaobani.
rists SeuZlia Tavad miiRos monawileoba saxalxo turizmis sferoSi moRvawe specialistebma gamoacx-
dResaswaulebSi. stokholmi mdebareobs baltiis zRvis ades konkursi msoflios yvelaze popularuli adgi-
sanapiroze. misi metro xelovnebis Sedevria, romlis lis gamovlenaze. konkursi Catarda cnobili saerTa-
sadgurebis dizainis SeqmnaSi monawileobda mravali Soriso Jurnalis ~erovnuli geografiuli megzuris”
mxatvari da moqandake. qalaqSi Seqmnilia ekologiurad mier. SvedeTma bevr aspeqtSi gaimarjva am konkursSi,
sufTa garemo. stokholmSi mdebareobs XVII saukuneSi rac man miaRwia mwvane bunebis xeluxlebeli landSaf-
agebuli (im droisaTvis Zalian didi) samefo xomaldi tis SenarCunebiT, Tanamedrove turistuli infrastruq-
_ vazas muzeumi. misi anZis simaRlea 50 metri. masze turis SeqmniTa da ekologiurad sufTa produqciis Se-
damontaJebulia 64 tyviamfrqvevi. romelTa umravleso- TavazebiT.
ba skulpturuli detalebiTaa damzadebuli. xomaldma
pirvelad curva daiwyo 1628 wlis agvistoSi, magram
moulodnelad is moxvda amovardnil qariSxalSi da
CaiZira. 1961 wels igi aRmoaCines da amoiRes. xomaldi
359 360
norvegiis turistuli potenciali da misi mwirma bunebrivma pirobebma norvegielebs ubiZga ucxo
gamoyeneba miwebis dalaSqvrisaken. amitom ZvelnorvegielTa saqmi-
aoba iyo omebi, Zarcva, samxedro varjiSi, farikaoba
norvegiis samefo mdebareobs CrdiloeT evropaSi, da nadiroba. VIII_IX saukuneebSi norvegielebi dakave-
skandinaviis naxevarkunZulze. am qveynis saerTo far- bulni iyvnen mezobeli saxelmwifoebis miwebis datace-
Tobia 385,2 aT. km2. 2010 wlis monacemebiT, misi mosax- biT. dalaSqvrebi zogjer axlo qveynebsa da kunZuleb-
leoba Seadgens 4,89 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 257 mlrd ze vrceldeboda da meomrebi zamTris dadgomisTanave
dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 55,6 aTas dolars. ukan brundebodnen, zogjer ki dalaSqvra ufo Soreul
norvegia aris erT-erTi yvelaze naklebi simWidroviT qveynebs moicavda da didxans grZeldeboda, sadac isi-
dasaxlebuli qveyana evropaSi. aRmosavleTiT mas ni ipyrobdnen axal teritoriebs, saxldebodnen da
esazRvreba SvedeTi, CrdiloeTiT ki_fineTi da ruseTi. agebdnen cixe-simagreebs. norvegielebi Tavs esxmodnen
norvegiis sazRvao sanapiroebi ~dakbilulia” mcire dRevandeli TurqeTis teritoriebsac ki. IX saukunis
zomis yureebiT, romelTac fiordebs uwodeben. isini bolos norvegia iqca erTian saxelmwifod. man Semoier-
qmnian zRvis talRebisagan dacul bunebriv navmisadgo- Ta mezobeli regionebi, romelTa mefeebi gandevna
mebs. norvegiis iurisdiqcia vrceldeba Spicbergenis, zRvis gaRma islandiasa da SotlandiaSi. norvegiis wi-
buves da ianmaienis arqipelagze. norvegia aris konsti- naaRmdeg periodul amboxebas axdendnen SvedeTi da da-
tuciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana. igi administraciu- nia. X_XIX saukuneebSi norvegiam gadaitana mravali
lad dayofilia 19 olqad. qveynis oficialuri enaa brZola. Tu adre norvegia Tavad iyo dampyrobi qveyana,
norvegiuli, xolo religia ki _ luTeranizmi. norve- XIV–XIX saukuneebSi is eqvemdebareboda daniis da Sve-
giis dedaqalaqia oslo, xolo misi didi qalaqebia: deTis saxelmwifoebs, magram 1905 wlidan man moipova
bergeni, stavangeri da tronheimi. damoukidebloba. norvegiis teritoriis udidesi nawi-
norvegia erT-erTi yvelaze maRalganviTarebuli li warmodgenilia mTebiT. CrdiloeTiT ganlagebis mi-
qveyanaa. misi bunebrivi resursebia navTobi, spilenZi, uxedavad, mas gaaCnia zomieri okeanuri klimati.
bunebrivi airi, nikeli, rkinis madani, TuTia tyvia, Tev- norvegiis cnobili kunZulebia ian-mieni, Spicberge-
zi, saSeni xe-tye da hidroenergia. norvegiis Crdiloe- ni, buve, eigardeni, vegaeini da Crdilo-aRmosavleTis
TiT, sanapiroebis axlos, zRvis Selfze aRmoCenilma miwa. norvegiaSi bevri lamazi tba (mag., miesa, sperile-
navTobma da gazma kidev ufro gaamdidra am qveynis ni) da mdinarea. am qveyanaSi arsebobs msoflio memkvid-
energetika. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi, navTobpro- reobis Semdegi Zeglebi: altas kldis mxatvroba, briu-
duqtebi, bunebrivi airi, gemebi da Tevzeuli. qveynis vageni, geiran-ger-fiordi, vega-eininerio-fiordi, rioru-
lutaa krona. si, struves geodeziuri rkali da urneses eklesia.
norvegiis istoria gajerebulia saomari moqmedebe- norvegiaSi aris vigelandis skulpturaTa parki. am
biT. Tavdapirvelad danielma tomebma am teritoriidan qveynis istoriul-kulturul Senoba-nagebobebs gane-
gandevnes finelebi, sadac dasaxlda 20-30 saxis tomi. kuTvneba: norvegiis Teatrebi, oslos operis Teatri,
maT hyavdaT beladebi. naklebnayofierma miwebma da oslos sakaTedro taZari, akerspusis cixe-simagreebi.
361 362
norvegiis sxva RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba: berge- CrdiloeT norvegiis regionSi mdebare kunZuli
nis brigebi, erovnuli galerea, gairanger fiordis Can- cnobilia zRvis sanapiroebisa da mTis lamazi peizaJe-
Cqeri da oslofiordi loenvatneti. biT. turistebisaTvis CrdiloeT norvegiis popularul
norvegia turistebisTvis warmoadgens erT-erT yve- turs warmoadgens sazRvao kruizis mowyoba. norvegia
laze popularul qveyanas. misi xeobebi moicaven at- aris saTxilamuro sportis samSoblo. zamTris kuror-
lantis okeanis yvelaze Rrmawylebian tbebs, romlebic tebma aq ganviTareba daiwyo evropis saxelmwifoebis
ganlagebulni arian CanCqerebiT aRsavse da myinvarwve- CamoyalibebisTanave, rasac xeli Seuwyo iman, rom zam-
rebiT cadabjenil maRal mTebs Soris. msoflioSi yve- Tris sezoni norvegiaSi yvelaze grZelia mTel konti-
laze popularuli adgilebis gamovlenis mizniT, tu- nentze. norvegiis yvelaze cnobil da popularul sam-
rizmis sferoSi aRiarebuli Jurnalis _ erovnuli ge- To-saTxilamuro kurortebze tardeba saerTaSoriso
ografiuli megzuris mier Catarebul konkursSi swo- Sejibreba TxilamurebiT srialSi. maT gaaCniaT kargad
red norvegiis tbebma gaimarjva. isini mTel msoflio- organizebuli baza da zamTris saxeobis sportis gan-
Si cnobilni arian TavianTi ganumeorebeli silamaziT. viTarebis saukunovani tradicia. 1935 wels da 1944
konkursis gamarjvebuli gaxda norvegiuli kurortebi. wels aq (sadac Tovli devs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi)
turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron iuneskos msof- Catarda zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi.
lio kulturul faseulobaTa nusxaSi Setanili norve- samTo-saTxilamuro kurorti ~TeTri mTa” norvegie-
giis ZiriTadi RirsSesaniSnaobani. turistebs SeuZliaT li elitaruli sazogadoebis dasvenebis sanukvari ad-
daaTvalieron norvegieli kompozitoris eduard gri- gilia, sadac yovelwliurad tardeba msoflio Cempio-
gis rezidencia. bergenis da oslos damakavSirebelma natis mosamzadebeli etapebi. zamTris kurortebze
rkinigzam gantvirTa saavtomobilo gza, sadac aq tu- sportul RonisZiebaTa Catarebis garda, norvegia sTa-
rists SeuZlia avtomobiliT sul raRac 6 km-is man- vazobs turistebs ZaRlebiT, skuterebiT, navebiTa da
Zilze gaiaros 20 gvirabi. turistebs aRafrTovanebs aq cxenebiT gaseirnebas.
arsebuli saocari buneba: mdinareebi, Rrma xeobebi, Can-
Cqerebi da kldovani mTebi, daTovlili myinvarwvere-
biT. daniis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
oslo mdebareobs qveynis samxreTiT. misi mTavari
RirsSesaniSnaobaa skulptuluri parkebi da muzeumebi. daniis samefo mdebareobs CrdiloeT evropaSi iut-
oslos garda, norvegiaSi gamoiyofa 2 turistuli rai- landiis naxevarkunZulze. mas saxmeleTo sazRvari aqvs
oni: 1. qveynis samxreT-centraluri nawili da 2. Crdi- germaniasTan. qveynis oficialuri enaa daniuri, xolo
loeT norvegia. samxreT-centralur nawilSi mdebare- dedaqalaqi ki aris kopenhageni. dania aris saparlamen-
obs mravali Suasaukunovani Sedevri, romantikuli fa- to mmarTvelobis, konstituciuri monarqiis qveyana. mi-
sadiTa da Senoba-nagebobebis moxatulobiT. es regioni si teritoriis farTobia 43,1 aTasi km2. 2012 wlis mona-
aris norvegiis TevzWeris erT-erTi mniSvnelovani cen- cemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 5,54 mln kacs, saer-
tri. To mSp_206,7 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
363 364
ki_37,1 aT dolars. misi valutaa daniuri kroni. am dania.
qveynis iurisdiqcia vrceldeba zelandiis kunZulzec.
daniaSi klimati okeanuria. misi bunebrivi resursebia
navTobi, bunebrivi airi, Tevzi da marili. qveyana admi-
nistraciulad dayofilia 14 komunad, 2 qalaqad _ ko-
penhagenad da frideriksbergad; 2 avtonomiur (fareri-
sa da grenlandiis) kunZulebad.
qveynis oficialuri enaa daniuri, xolo religia
ki aris evangelur-luTeranuli mimdinareobis protes-
tantizmi. daniis udidesi qalaqebia kopenhageni, orhusi,
odense, olborgi da esbiergi. dania agrarul-indus-
triuli qveyanaa. misi wamyvani dargebia: gemTmSeneblo-
ba, eleqtroteqnikuri, qimiuri da kvebis mrewveloba.
wamyvani seqtoria momsaxureba (69%). danias saeqspor-
tod gaaqvs xorci, Tevzi, rZis produqtebi da eleq-
tromowyobiloba.
daniis pirveli istoriuli Zeglebi TariRdeba daniis turistul memkvidreobas warmoadgens: ko-
Cvens welTa aRricxvamde VIII_VII saukuneebiT. mis teri- penhagenSi_rozenbergis cixe-muzeumi (XVII s.), sadac
toriaze pirveli samefo Camoyalibda VIII s-Si. dania ganlagebulia daniis samefo Zvirfaseulobis, avejis
saxelmwifod Camoyalibda IX_X ss-Si. XVIII s-dan dania da iaraRis koleqcia; XII saukunis taZari, Sarloten-
gaxda kolonizatori qveyana. mas dRes aqvs zegavlena burgisa da fredensborgis sasaxleebi, tivolis parki;
grenlandiis da fareris kunZulebze. 1849 wlidan da- odenseSi _ (h. q. andersenis samSoblo) _XIII saukunis
nia gamocxadda konstituciur monarqiad. 1945 wels da- taZari; roskileSi _ vikingebis gemebis muzeumi, RvTis-
niam aRiara islandiis, xolo 1948 wels ki _ fareris mSoblis eklesia (XII s.); koldingSi_samefo sasaxle
kunZulebis damoukidebloba. dania 1949 wlidan aris (XIII s.); yorRanisa da roskiles sakaTedro taZari. da-
natos, xolo 1973 wlidan ki evrokavSiris wevri qveya- niaSi arsebobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Semde-
naa. gi Zeglebi: elinge, kronborgi, roskiles kaTedrali
da ilulisati. daniis istoriul-kulturul Senoba-na-
gebobebs ganekuTvneba: daniis Teatrebi, sasaxleebi, xi-
debi.
daniisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia saocrad rbili, zo-
mieri, Crdilo-kontinenturi proatlantikuri klimati.
misi ZiriTadi turistuli RirsSesaniSnaoba Tavmoyri-
lia kopenhagenSi. am istoriuli qalaqis centrSi dgas
365 366
cnobili danieli sabavSvo mwerlis, XIX saukunis udi- dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 36,6 aTas dolars.
desi mezRapris hans qristian andersenis Zegli, xolo islandiis dedaqalaqia reikiaviki. es qveyana seismurad
kopenhagenis SesasvlelSi ganlagebulia msoflioSi da geoTermulad aqtiuri regionia. misi oficialuri
cnobili andersenis zRaprebis gmirTa qandakebebi. ko- enaa islandiuri, xolo valuta ki _ islandiuri kro-
penhagenis RirsSesaniSnaobebs Soris gansakuTrebul na.
aRniSnvas saWiroebs XVIII saukuneSi agebuli sasaxle- islandia.
Ta kompleqsi. aq turistebs SeuZliaT isargeblon eg-
zotikuri, Zveli stilis ludis barebiT.
turistebis interesSi Sedis daniis kunZulebi. ze-
landia aris qveynis komerciuli centri. aq aris ula-
mazesi plaJebi, tbebi, tyeebi da sasaxleebi. zelandia-
Si ganlagebulia aseulobiT cixe-simagre, mravali pir-
velsaxiT Semonaxuli Zveli soflebi da dasaxlebebi.
daniis mTavari RirsSesaniSnaoba aris Tavad danielebi
_ TavianTi megobruli stumarTmoyvareobiTa da iumo-
riT.1 fareris kunZulebi daniis avtonomiuri olqia.
igi mdebareobs atlantis okeanis Crdilo-aRmosavle-
TiT. fareris kunZulTa adgilobriv RirsSesaniSnao-
bebs warmoadgens mravali tradiciuli, istoriuli mu-
zeumi, xelovnebis galerea da uZvelesi monasteri. tu-
ristebs agreTve izidavT zRvaze gaseirneba da Tevzao- qveynis teritoriis umetesi nawili ukavia 400-800
ba. metri simaRlis platos. kunZulze 200-mde vulkanuri
warmonaqmis mTa da geizeria. qveynis umaRlesi mwverva-
li 2119 m simaRlisaa. reliefSi SeimCneva Zveli gamyin-
islandiis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani varebis niSnebi. islandiis ~karebis” pirveli gamxsneli
iyvnen norvegieli mezRvaurebi IX saukunis bolos. XIII
islandiis saparlamento respublika kunZulovani saukuneSi xelisuflebis saTaveSi mosvlisaTvis adgi-
qveyanaa, romelic mdebareobs CrdiloeT zRvaSi. misi lobriv klanebs Soris gaCaRebulma Sida omebma islan-
farTobia 103 aT km2. islandia naklebaddasaxlebuli dias Sedegad moutana is, rom 1262-1380 wlebSi igi aR-
qveyanaa. 2012 wlis 1 ianvris monacemebiT, qveynis mosax- moCnda jer norvegiis, 1380-1944 wlebSi_daniis zegavle-
leoba Seadgens 320 aTas kacs, saerTo mSp _ 11,8 mlrd nis qveS.
islandia geografiulad ekuTvneba arqtikul tun-
1 www. wikipedia.org/wiki. ru/. Международный туризм. ФИНЛЯНДИЯ —
dras. mas ~mwvane kunZulTa qveyanasac” uwodeben, rad-
«страна тысячи озер». ganac misi teritoriebis 97% tyiTa da mindvrebiTaa
367 368
dafaruli. islandiis subarqtikuli adgilmdebareobis bia erovnuli muzeumi, samefo galerea, msoflios uZve-
miuxedavad, klimati aq SedarebiT rbilia. ianvris sa- lesi parlamenti da amerikis naCuqari Zegli. reikiaviki
Sualo temperatura qveynis sanapiroebze meryeobs 0- yvelaze Crdilovani dedaqalaqia. es qveyana vulkanuri
dan 20-mde, xolo ivlisSi ki mxolod_10-dan 150-mde. is- warmoSobis yvelaze didi kunZulia. islandielTa 80%
landiis turistuli Rirsebaa myinvarebi da vulkanuri qeraTmiania, riTac isini pirvelni arian msoflioSi.
warmoSobis mTebi, rasac emateba misi ulamazesi CanCqe- islandiis vulkani hekla udidesia evropaSi. islandie-
rebi. geizerTa Tboenergia gamoiyeneba Senobebis gaTbo- lebs ara aqvT gvari. maT mxolod saxeliT moixsenie-
bisaTvis. ben.
qveyana administraciuli TvalsazrisiT dayofilia islandiis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebia sastum-
23 regionad da 14 qalaqad. qveynis religia aris evange- ro tipis saxlebi, geizeris veli, reikiaviksa da hou-
lur-luTeranuli. didi qalaqebia koipavoguri da hab- larSi mdebare XVIII saukunis taZrebi. qveyana dayofi-
narfiorduri. islandiis bunebriv resursebs ganekuT- lia oTx turistul regionad: dasavleT, CrdiloeT,
vneba Tevzi, hidro- da Termuli energia. islandiis sa- aRmosavleT da samxreT islandiad. qveynis dasavleTs
napiro wylebSi uamravi saxis Tevzia, ris gamoc am miekuTvneba reikiavikis mimdebare teritoria. aq mdeba-
qveynis ekonomikis safuZvels warmoadgens Tevzis rew- reobs vulkanuri warmoSobis mTa, romlis simaRlec
va. Sesabamisad, eqsportis naxevarze meti modis Tevzis Seadgens 1,5 km-s. CrdiloeT islandia moicavs 8 naxe-
nawarmze. garda amisa saeqsporto CamonaTvalSia alu- varkunZuls, romlebic erTmaneTisgan iyofian srutee-
mini da rkina. biT. am raionSi ganlagebulia erovnuli parki. Crdi-
islandiuri kulturis fesvebi gadgmulia mraval- loeT islandiis administraciuli centria qalaqi aku-
saukunovan skandinaviur wiaRSi. islandiis yvelaze reiri. aq popularulia ekologiuri turebi. aRmosav-
cnobil, klasikur nawarmoebad iTvleba prozauli epo- leT islandiis savizito baraTia myinvarebi da atraq-
sebi. gansakuTrebulia islandiuri samzareulo. geo- cionebi. aq agebulia saborne terminali, romelic is-
Termul saTburebSi mohyavT mravali saxis bostneuli. landias akavSirebs fareris kunZulebsa da norvegias-
1989 wlamde 75 wlis ganmavlobaSi aq saerTod akrZa- Tan. samxreT islandiis simbolika aris CanCqerebi.
luli iyo ludis sma. qveyanaSi bevri restorania, sa-
dac Rvino da ludi Zviria, xolo erovnul kerZebTan
erTad amzadeben evropulsac. restoranSi sadili jde- turizmis ganviTarebis Taviseburebebi
ba 20-50 dolari.
baltiispireTis qveynebSi
islandiaSi turizmis ganviTareba, upirveles yov-
lisa, dakavSirebulia bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebis-
baltiispireTis qveynebi (litva, latvia, estoneTi
_peizaJebis, myinvarebis, vulkanebis, geizerebisa da
da ruseTis dasavleTiT mdebare kaliningradis olqi)
sxvaTa daTvalierebasTan. Termuli wylebi warmoad-
mdebareoben Crdilo-aRmosavleT evropaSi. es regioni
gens am qveyanaSi samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli turizmis
warmoadgens xelsayrel dasasvenebel adgils, magram
ganviTarebis safuZvels. reikiavikis RirsSesaniSnaobe-
369 370
ucxoeli turistebisaTvis igi jer kidev arasrulyofi- vias gaaCnia mniSvnelovani istoriul-kulturuli mem-
ladaa Seswavlili. kvidreoba: kerZod, rigaSi mdebareobs istoriuli cen-
tri, sakaTedro taZari (XIII s.), wm. ianis eklesia (XV
s.), wm. petres taZari (XVI s.); liepaiaSi _ XVIII sauku-
latviis turistuli potenciali da nis taZari, elgavaSi _ XVII saukunis taZari da bauska-
misi amoqmedeba Si _ rundalis sasaxle.
latvia.
latviis respublika mdebareobs evropis Crdilo-
aRmosavleTiT, baltiis zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze,
estoneTsa da litvas Soris. teritoriisa da mosaxle-
obis mixedviT mas agreTve Sualeduri mdgomareoba
ukavia baltiur qveynebs Soris. latviis farTobia 64,6
aTasi km2. qveyana administraciulad dayofilia 8 ol-
qad. qveynis dedaqalqia riga. misi oficialuri enaa
latviuri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi ki aris litvuri
da rusuli. latvia aris saparlamento respublika.
2007 wlis monacemebiT, latviis mosaxleoba Seadgens
2,245 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 29,2 mlrd dolars, xolo
erT mosaxleze ki_18 aTas dolars. misi valutaa lati.
mosaxleobis 60% latvielia, 27% _ rusi, danarCeni _ latviaSi 3000-ze meti tba da mravali mdinarea. te-
belorusebi ukrainelebi da polonelebi. latviis re- ritoriebis 40% dafarulia tyiT. aq sami umsxvilesi
ligiaa protestantizmi da kaTolicizmi. (ventspilsis, rigisa da liepaias) portia. qveynis tu-
latvia odiTganve agrarul qveynad iTvleboda. mis ristul resursebs ganekuTvneba riga, iurmala da si-
ekonomikaSi mniSvnelovan rols asrulebda agreTve gulda. riga baltiis zRvis sanapiroze mdebare sidi-
zRvaosnoba, TevzWera da satyeo meurneoba. qveynis Zi- diT, meore qalaqia (peterburgis Semdeg). aq bevri arqi-
riTadi bunebrivi resursebia torfi, kirqva, hidroener- teqturuli Zegli da nagebobaa. esenia: Zveli rigis ra-
gia, xe-tye da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. latvias saeq- ioni, wminda iakobis eklesia, koSki da SvedeTis karib-
sportod gaaqvs qimiuri mrewvelobis da kvebis produq- We. turizmis TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia sakurorto
cia. 1918-40 wlebSi latvia iyo damoukidebeli respub- centri iurmala. igi parkis stilis qalaqia, romelic
lika. 1940-91 wlebSi igi moeqca sabWoTa kavSiris gav- mdebareobs rigidan 20 km-is daSorebiT, rigis srutem-
lenis qveS. 1991 wlidan latvia kvlav gaxda damoukide- de 30 km-is farglebSi. zRvidan movardnili Zlieri qa-
beli qveyana. 1991-2003 wlebSi latviam ganaxorciela ris SeCerebis mizniT dunais sanapirosTan, rigis sru-
mniSvnelovani ekonomikuri reformebi, ris Sedegadac teze gaSenebulia fiWvis xelovnuri, qarsacavi xeebi,
igi 2004 wlidan gaxda evrokavSiris wevri qveyana. lat- rac xels uwyobs gansakuTrebuli klimatis formire-
371 372
bas. iurmalas centri mimzidvelia saseirno zoniT, sa- Si aRmarTulia granitis monumenti da marmarilos sve-
dac agebulia Ria tipis kafe-barebi, restornebi da sa- ti. qveyanas dResac aqvs dakarguli (erTis mxriv germa-
TamaSo saxlebi. sigulda aris rigidan 50 km-is daSo- niisagan da meores mxriv ruseTisagan okupirebuli) te-
rebiT mdebare gauias erovnuli parkis administraciu- rotiroebi. litvas gaaCnia torfi da sasoflo-sameur-
li centri. es qalaqi xasiaTdeba Tavisi ganumeorebeli neo miwebi. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs qimiuri mewvelobisa
mSvenieri bunebiT. da kvebis produqtebi.
litva.
litvis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis

gzebi
litvis respublika mdebareobs evropis Crdilo-aR-

mosavleTiT, baltiis zRvis samxreT-aRmosavleT sana-
piroze. is yvelaze didia baltiis 3 qveyanas Soris,
rogorc mosaxleobiT, ise teritoriiT. litvas esazR-
vreba latvia, belorusi, ruseTi (kaliningradis olqi)
da poloneTi. qveynis farTobia 65,3 aT km2. 2007 wlis
monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 3,05 mln kacs
(maT Soris 81% litvelia, 7% _poloneli, 8% _ rusi),
saerTo mSp _ 66 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
ki_19,7 aT dolars. litvis valutaa liti. igi adminis- litva oficialur wyaroebSi pirvelad moixsenieba
traciulad dayofilia 10 olqad. qveynis dedaqalaqia 1009 wels. Suasaukuneebis feodalma mindaugasma Semoi-
vilniusi, xolo misi udidesi qalaqebia: kaunasi da erTa sxva feodalebis teritoriebi da aqcia litvis
klaipeda. samefod. is iyo litvis pirveli da ukanaskneli mefe,
litva aris saparlamento respublika, romlis ofi- radganac litvis momdevno mmarTvelebi iwodebodnen
cialuri enaa litvuri, xolo religia ki aris kaTo- hercogebad. mindaugasma gaatara mniSvnelovani refor-
licizmi. litva didi eTnografiuli mravalferovnebiT mebi. vilniusi daarsda 1353 wels. dRes aq aRmarTulia
xasiaTdeba. igi iyofa oTx istoriul da eTnografiul litvis kaTedraluri taZari da gedeminasis koSki. igi
provinciad. TiToeuli mxare erTmaneTisagan gamoirCeva iqca qveynis administraciul, saganmanaTleblo, ekono-
ara mxolod CacmulobiT, aramed mosaxleobis azrovne- mikur da kulturul centrad Tavisi brwyinvale Seno-
biTac. sxvaoba imdenad didia, rom adgili aqvs farul ba-nagebobebiT, cixe-simagreebiT, sasaxleebiT, taZrebiT
separatizmsac ki. vilniusis raionSi erTmaneTSi ireva da a. S. aq Warbobs barokos tipis nagebobani.
mTeli qveynis kulturuli tradiciebi. igi 800 wlis germania odiTganve cdilobda litvis dapyrobas.
manZilze iyo germaniis mier okupirebuli. q. klaipeda- man daangria klaipedas cixe-simagre da mis adgilze
373 374
aago memelburgis cixe-simagre. saerTo Zlevamosili 30%-s. qveynis samxreTiT gaSenebulia baltiispireTSi
mtris gamoCenam gamoiwvia polonelebis, belorusebis, ekologiurad yvelaze sufTa tye, amitom aq ganlagebu-
ukrainelebis, rusebis, latvielebis, estonelebisa da lia cnobili gamajansaRebeli obieqtebi da kurortebi.
litvielebis Zalisxmevis gaerTianeba. maT marTlac vilniusi qveynis umsxvilesi samrewvelo-kulturu-
gandevnes mteri, magram germaniis xelSi mainc darCa li centria. vilniusis mniSvnelovan arqiteqturul
klaipeda-memelburgi. Semdeg Tavad litvam daiwyo am kompleqss warmoadgens Zveli qalaqi _kaunasi zamkovis
adgilebisaTvis brZola. man jer gailaSqra belorusi- mTaze mdebare gediminasis koSkiT. is mdebareobs lit-
asTan, Semdeg poloneTTan, magram mTavari Secdoma iyo vis centrSi. kaunasi Tanamedrove lamazi, mwvane qala-
ruseTTan da SvedeTTan SebrZoleba, ris Sedegad igi qia. aq mdebareobs didi raodenobiT umaRlesi saswav-
damarcxda da litvis teritoriebi gadainawiles Sve- lo dawesebuleba, bevri muzeumi da erT-erTi uZvelesi
deTma, ruseTma da poloneTma. 1796 wels litva aRmoC- muxis tye evropaSi.
nda ruseTis imperiis SemadgenlobaSi. marTalia igi druskininkai aris litvis samxreTiT mdebare konti-
gamdidrda ekonomikurad, ganviTarda kulturulad, nenturi klimatis barneologiuri kurorti. wiwvovani
magram yovelive es qveyanas daujda Zvirad _ erovnuli tye, didi raodenobis tba da mdinare, mineraluri wya-
damoukideblobis dakargvad. 1831 wlidan moyolebuli roebi da ekologiurad sufTa buneba aq izidavs tu-
1919 wlamde litva ibrZoda politikuri damoukideblo- ristebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. klaipeda baltiis
bis mosapoveblad, rasac miaRwia kidec I msoflio omis zRvis sanapiroze mdebare msxvili sazRvao portia, ro-
dasrulebis Semdeg. damoukideblobis miRebisTanave melic ar iyineba zamTris periodSi. igi, sididiT mesa-
litvaSi SeiWra polonuri jarebi da daipyro vilniu- me, xolo asakiT _ erT-erTi uZvelesi qalaqia mTel
sis raioni. 1940 wels kvlav sabWoTa kavSirma moaxdina litvaSi. palanga aris litvis erT-erTi yvelaze ganvi-
misi aneqsia. 1989 wlamde litvaSi mimdinareobda faru- Tarebuli sakurorto centri, romelic mdebareobs
li iatakqveSa ganmaTavisuflebeli omi. 1990 wels mra- baltiis zRvis sanapiroze, klaipedas CrdiloeTiT 25
vali winaaRmdegobis miuxedavad, litvam mainc miiRo km-is daSorebiT. palangis, rogorc kurortis, popula-
damoukidebloba. qveyanam warmatebiT gadalaxa refor- roba iwyeba XIX saukunidan, roca pirveli damsveneb-
mebiT warmoqmnili siZneleebi da dRes igi aris evro- lebi mieZalnen zRvas, qviSis plaJebs da fiWvis tyes.
kavSirisa da natos wevr qveyana. kurortis mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens pa-
litvis arqiteqturul memkvidreobas warmoadgens: langis botanikuri baRi, romelic gaSenebulia parkis
vilniusSi _ istoriuli centri, wm. anas taZari (XVII arqiteqturis tradiciebis mixedviT. gansakuTrebul yu-
s.), bernardinelTa eklesia (XVI s.), gediminasis koSki; radRebas imsaxurebs galves tbis ulamazes kunZulze
kaunasSi _ XVIII saukunis taZari, ~mecxre forti”, Cur- mdebare cixe-simagre. igi agebulia XIV_XV ss-Si, rome-
lionisis galerea; SiauliaiSi _ piatros eklesia (XVII lic Tavis droze warmoadgenda litvis Tavadebis re-
s.) da XIV saukunis cixe-simagre. litvaSi daaxloebiT zidencias. kurSis neringa 98 km sigrZis mqone viwro
760 mdinare, 2800-ze meti tba, 5 erovnuli da 30 regio- naxevarkunZulia, romelic erTmaneTisagan yofs balti-
nuli parkia. tye iWers litvis saerTo teritoriis is zRvasa da litvis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare kur-
375 376
Sis yures. aq ZiriTadad isvenebs isini, vinc amjobinebs estoneTi.
ganmartoebas. mas aqvs erovnuli parkis statusi. aq da-
culia buneba, gansakuTrebiT zRvis sanapiroze.
estoneTis turistuli potencialis amoqmede-

bis gzebi
estoneTis respublika mdebareobs evropis Crdilo-

aRmosavleTSi, baltiis zRvis sanapiroze. misi mosazR-
vre qveynebia ruseTi da latvia. qveynis dedaqalaqia
talini. misi oficialuri enaa estonuri. igi aris sa-
parlamento respublika. estoneTis farTobia 34,2 aTasi
km2. 2010 wlis monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens
1,34 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_27,3 mlrd dolars, xolo
erT mosaxleze ki _22,2 aTas dolars. estoneTis valu-
taa evro. mas uWiravs baltiis zRvis sididiT meore estoneTis istoriul-kulturul da arqiteqturul
arqipelagi, olandis arqipelagis Semdeg. qveyana admi- Zeglebs ganekuTvneba saaremaaSi mdebare kuresaares ci-
nistraciulad dayofilia 15 olqad. misi mosaxleobis xe-simagre; talinSi _ istoriuli centri, ratuSa (XV
69% estonelia, xolo danarCeni ki _ rusi (27%), fine- s.), olevistes gildia (XV s.), dominikanelTa monaste-
li, litveli, ukraineli da poloneli moqalaqeebia. ri (XIII s.), mixeilis taZari (XIII s.), wm. brigitas taZa-
estoneTis oficialuri religiaa qristianoba. qvey- ri (XV s.); tartuSi _ wm. petresa da pavles taZari
nisaTvis mniSvnelovani qalaqia biznes-centri _ tartu. (XIII s.) da narvaSi ki mdebareobs XV saukunis cixe.
qveyana flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa: estoneTi aris mindor-velebad gaSlili qveyana, sa-
navTobi, torfi, fosforiti, Tixa, kirqva, sila, sasof- dac 1000-ze meti tbaa. mxaris udidesi simdidrea tye.
lo-sameurneo miwebi da zRvis talaxi. estoneTs saeq- estoneTs miekuTvneba 1500-ze meti kunZuli. igi turis-
sportod gaaqvs qimiuri mrewvelobisa da kvebis pro- tebs izidavs Tavisi arqiteqturuli da istoriuli
duqtebi. estoneTma 1988 wels miiRo axali konstituci- RirsSesaniSnaobebiT, unikaluri bunebrivi nakrZale-
a, riTac ganisazRvra misi suvereniteti. 1991 wels mii- biT, gamajansaRebeli da aqtiuri dasvenebisaTvis saWi-
Ro sruli damoukidebloba, rac aRiarebul iqna gaero saukeTeso SesaZleblobebiT.
ros mier. 2004 wels igi gaxda natosa da evrokavSiris talini estoneTis ekonomikuri da kulturuli
wevri qveyana. sabWoTa memkvidreoba dResac mZime daRs cxovrebis centria. am qalaqSi mTeli wlis ganmavlo-
amCnevs estoneTs, rac gamoixateba rusulenovani mosax- baSi tardeba sxvadasxva saxis festivalebi, gamofenebi
leobisaTvis moqalaqeobis micemis problemaSi.
377 378
da koncertebi. am qalaqSi, romelic sxvadasxva dros ruseTis turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi da
ekuTvnoda danielebs, rusebs, germanelebs, Svedebs, is- bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi
toriuli Zeglebi bevrad ufro mravalferovania, vid-
re evropis nebismier sxva qalaqSi. piarnu aris yvelaze ruseTis federacia mdebareobs aRmosavleT evropi-
cnobili estonuri kurorti. igi mTel baltiispireTSi sa da CrdiloeT aziis udides teritoriebze. mas da-
dasvenebis erT-erTi yvelaze popularuli adgilia. es- savleTiT esazRvreba fineTi, norvegia, estoneTi, lat-
tonelebi mas uwodeben qveynis ~sazafxulo dedaqa- via, litva da poloneTi. ruseTs agreTve esazRvreba
laqs”. igi aRiarebulia farTo plaJebiT, Tbili zRviT, belarusi, ukraina, saqarTvelo, azerbaijani, yazaxeTi,
bulvarebiTa da mSvenieri arqiteqturuli nagebobebiT. CineTi, monRoleTi da CrdiloeT korea. ruseTi aSS-s
estoneTis samxreTi cnobilia tyis borcvebs Soris esazRvreba beringis srutiT, xolo iaponias ki _ oxo-
mdebare cisferi tbiT, aq aris bevri didi Tu patara tis zRvis meSveobiT. es aris federaciul-sapreziden-
(saojaxo tipis) sastumro da ~turistuli sofeli”, to respublika, romelic Sedgeba 83 federaciuli su-
sadac turists SeuZlia cxeniT gaseirneba, zRvaSi bieqtisagan. misi dedaqalaqia moskovi, xolo oficia-
curva an mwvane bunebasa da mSvid garemoSi dasveneba. luri enaa rusuli. teritoriis farTobis mixedviT
samxreT estoneTSi mdebareobs qveynis, sididiT, meore (17,075 mln km2-iT) ruseTs pirveli adgili ukavia msof-
qalaqi _ tartu, romelic cnobilia Tavisi universite- lioSi. 2009 wlis monacemebiT, ruseTis mosaxleoba Se-
tiT. haafsalu estoneTis dasavleTiT mdebare saku- adgens 145 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_2,264 trln dolars,
rorto qalaqia. aq aris, estoneTis farglebSi, zRvis xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 16 aTas aSS dolars.
yvelaze Tbili wyali da samkurnalo zRvis talaxi, saxmeleTo sazRvris sigrZis mixedviT ruseTi pir-
kulturuli cxovrebis mdidari movlenebiT, romelic velia msoflioSi. misi teritoriis 60% mdebareobs
ar urRvevs simSvides 700 wlis istoriis mqone qalaqs. aziaSi, danarCeni ki _ evropaSi. ruseTi msoflioSi ga-
estoneTis dasavleTiT mdebare kunZulebze aris lama- moirCeva mineraluri da energetikuli resursebis si-
zi peizaJebi _ mwvane bunebiTa da neli sioTi. uxviT. misi valutaa rubli.
rusebi miekuTvnebian aRmosavlel slavebs. pirveli
Zlieri rusuli saxelmwifo iyo kievis ruseTi. am qvey-
aRmosavleT evropis turistuli potenciali nis CamoyalibebaSi udidesi wvlili miuZRviT vikingebs.
ruseTSi marlTmadidebluri qristianoba gavrcelda
aRmosavleT evropis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis ruseTi, IX saukuneSi. ruseTis kulturis Camoyalibebaze udi-
belorusia, ukraina, moldova, yazaxeTi (nawilobriv). desi gavlena moaxdina bizantiisa da slavurma kultu-
amave regionSi Sedis aseve samxreT kavkasiis qveynebic: ram. ruseTSi TandaTan gaZlierda moskovi. ruseTis sa-
saqarTvelo, somxeTi da azerbaijani, Tumca isini geog- mefo petre didis dros gadaiqca imperiad. man daipyro
rafiulad mdebareoben aziaSi. bevri qveyana, maT Soris amerikis teritoriac, kerZod,
rusuli alaska. 1917 wels ruseTis mier aneqsirebuli
qveynebis SemoerTebis bazaze Camoyalibda sabWoTa kav-
379 380
Siri. 1991 wels aRniSnuli kavSiris daSlis Semdeg ruis mTebi winaaRmdegobas uwevs indoeTis okeanidan hae-
seTma daZlia damoukidebeli cxovrebiT gamowveuli ris Tbili masebis Semodinebas, xolo qveynis Crdiloe-
socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi da Tanamedrove TiT mdebare dablobebi imyofebian haeris arqtikuli
etapze, ekonomikis ganviTarebis mixedviT, igi merve ad- da atlantikuri masebis zegavlenis qveS. ruseTi mdeba-
gilzea msoflioSi. reobs arqtikul, subarqtikul, zomier da subtropi-
ruseTi. kul sartyelSi.
vrceli teritoria, mravalferovani buneba da lan-
dSafti gaxda turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erTi mizezi
ruseTSi. am qveynis turistuli potenciali Sefasda
msoflio turizmis organizaciis mier da dadginda,
rom srulad ganviTarebuli infrastruqturis SemTxve-
vaSi qveyana SeZlebs yovelwliurad 40 mln ucxoeli
turistis miRebas, Tumca dResdReobiT maTi raodenoba
wliurad Seadgens mxolod 7,4 mln turists, romelTa
mier daxarjulma Tanxam Seadgina 12 mlrd dolari.
ruseTis teritoria iyofa Semdeg turistul raio-
nebad: centraluri raioni _ qveynis evropuli nawili
mniSvnelovani qalaqebiT (moskovi, sanqt-peterburgi);
dasavleT raioni _ baltiis zRvis sanapiro turistu-
li centrebiT kaliningradSi, novgorodsa da fskovSi;
zemo volgis raioni _ tveri, iaroslavi; uralis raio-
ni _ permi, ufa. CrdiloeT ruseTSi gamoiyofa kareli-
is-nolski, romlis turistuli centrebia petrozavod-
ruseTi aris gaeros, ~rvianis”, ~ocianis”, evrosab- ski, murmanski, arxangelski da komis respublika. mniS-
Wos, azia-wynari okeanis, Savi zRvis auzis qveynebisa vnelovani regionia samxreT ruseTi, romelic moicavs
da Sanhais ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis wevri qveyana. Semdeg qveraionebs: Savi zRvispireTi _ soCa, anapa da
ruseTi dasavleTiT moicavs aRmosavleT evropis vakes, gelenjiki; CrdiloeT kavkasionis mineraluri wylebis
CrdiloeTiT_murmanskis mxares, aRmosavleTiT _ Sore- kurortebi _naRCiki, vladikavkazi, krasni kluCi, Je-
ul cimbirs, samxreTiT ki _ CrdiloeT kavkasiis mTian leznogorski, kislovodski da kavkazskie mineralnie
regionebs. qveynis umaRlesi mwvervalia ialbuzi (5633 vodi; mTiani kavkasiis raioni _ jambalaiski, teberda,
m). ruseTis klimatis formirebaze did gavlenas axdens dombai da arxizi; azovis raioni _ mdinare donis sana-
misi teritoriis sidide. qveynis raionTa umravlesoba piroze mdebare qalaqi rostovi da taganrogi; samxreT
zRvidan daSorebulia 400-2400 km-iT. es gaxda qveyanaze ruseTis raioni _ kaspiis zRvispireTi da volgis napi-
kontinenturi (civi) klimatis siWarbis mizezi. kavkasi- rebi. cimbiri iyofa Semdeg qveraionebad: obi-altais
381 382
turistuli centrebi _ kurgani, omski, barnauli, keme- mxareSi 3 aTasze meti tbaa. am sakurorto raionSi ar-
rovo, krasnoiarski, abakani, eniseisa da baikalispire- sebuli xelsayreli klimati, samkurnalo wylebi da
Ti; Soreuli aRmosavleTis regioni_ kuriliis kunZu- talaxebi farTod gamoiyeneba gamajansaRebeli daniS-
lebi da saxalini; ruseTis aziuri CrdiloeTi _ pet- nulebiT.
ro-pavlovski, kamCatka, bolanCa da topaia. ruseTis CrdiloeTiT turizmis ganviTarebis mixed-
zemoT ganxiluli turistuli daraionebis garda, viT, perspeqtiulad iTvleba mxolod evropuli nawi-
ruseTis turistul-sakurorto daraioneba SeiZleba lis raionebi. aq arsebobs bunebriv-rekreaciuli re-
moxdes v. g. guliaevas mier SemoTavazebuli klasifika- sursebi da sxva saxis istoriul-kulturuli RirsSe-
ciis mixedviTac, romelsac safuZvlad udevs fizikur- saniSnaobani. murmanskis mxare turistuli SesaZleblo-
geografiuli niSnebi (adgilis reliefuri klimatis bebis TvalsazrisiT, warmodgenilia dasvenebisa da
Taviseburebani, flora, fauna, geoTermuli resursebis garTobis Semdegi saxeebiT: turistebs SeuZliaT wyal-
arseboba da a. S.), asve kulturulistoriuli potencia- qveSa naviT gacuron murmanskidan CrdiloeT polusze;
lis arseboba da turistuli infrastruqturis ganvi- daiWiron Tevzi mdinareSi; isrialon TxilamurebiT
Tarebis done. guliaevas mier SemoTavazebuli klasi- Tovlian mTebze; datkben TeTri da barencis zRvis
fikaciis Sedegad gamoyofili iqna oTxi msxvili tu- wyalqveSa samyaros silamaziT. momlocvelebisaTvis,
ristuli regioni: ruseTis centri, ruseTis Crdiloe- SemecnebiTi da eko-turizmis warmomadgenlebisaTvis
Ti, ruseTis samxreTi, cimbiri da Soreuli aRmosavle- did interess iwvevs soloveckis kunZulebi, romelic
Ti. ganlagebulia TeTri zRvis CrdiloeT nawilSi. aq mde-
ruseTis centrs ganekuTvneba centraluri, dasavle- bareobs XV saukuneSi agebuli, soloveckis monasteri.
Tis, Crdilo-dasavleTis mxareebi da samxreT urali. igi odiTganve asrulebda udides rols ruseTis Crdi-
ruseTis centraluri regioni xasiaTdeba mdidari rek- loeT nawilis dacvaSi da gamodioda sulieri saqmis
reaciuli resursiT, politikuri stabilurobiT, kul- organizatoris rolSi.
turuli memkvidreobis mravalferovnebiT, rac xels ruseTis samxreTs ganekuTvneba politikurad stabi-
uwyobs turizmis ganviTarebas. luri, magram rekreaciuli TvalsazrisiT sustad gan-
ruseTis centrSi turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia aq mde- viTarebuli centraluri_Savmiwiani mxare, da agreTve
bare kurorti (sadac gaatara bavSvoba i. s. turgenevma), kavkasia, romelsac feTqebadsaSiSi politikuri viTare-
poetis_s. eseninis samSoblo_riazanSi mdebare konstan- ba da imavdroulad kargad ganviTarebuli turistuli
tinovis sofeli, tulis mxaris muzeumi _ krasnaia po- infrastruqtura aqvs.
liana, sadac cxovrobda cnobili rusi mwerali l. zRvispira mxareSi bolo dros ganviTareba daiwyo
tolstoi da sxva adgilebi. ekologiurma turizmma. tardeba kruizebi mdinare
samxreT uralSi arsebobs mTeli rigi turistuli amurze, agreTve laSqroba unikaluri florasa da fau-
RirsSesaniSnaobani: mag., saxelmwifo nakrZali. aq moe- nas mqone tropikul zonebSi. turistebs Soris popula-
dineba mineraluri wylebi. mxaris maRalmTiani mwverva- ruli rCeba baikalis tbis raioni. turistebs saSuale-
lebidan saTaves iRebs mravali mdinare. Celiabinskis ba eZlevaT moxvdnen velur bunebaSi, daisvenon baika-
383 384
lis tbis sanapiroze gaSenebul erovnul parkebSi, da- aCvena, adgili, sadac axla mdebareobs kremli, dasax-
aTvalieron kunZuli. lebuli iyo jer kidev Cvens welTa aRricxvamde I
cimbiri da Soreuli aRmosavleTi, politikuri sta- aTaswleulis meore naxevarSi. 1156 wels iuri dolgo-
bilurobis miuxedavad, xasiaTdeba mTeli rigi uaryo- rukis mier aSenda cixe-simagre. 1339_1367 wleSi aSenda
fiTi faqtorebiT. kerZod, esenia centraluri dasaxle- da mopirkeTda 70 sm-is sisqis, TeTri qvisgan naSeni
bidan mniSvnelovani daSoreba, mkacri klimaturi piro- kedlebi. amitom moskovs uwodes ~TeTri qalaqi”.
bebi, meCxrad dasaxleba da infrastruqturis ganuviTa- kremlSi yvelaze didi mSenebloba daiwyo ivan III-is
rebloba. (1462-1505 ww) moRvaweobis dros. moskovi gaxda ruseTis
aseTi mravalferovnebis miuxedavad, mTavari qala- centralizebuli saxelmwifos dedaqalaqi. XV sauku-
qebi, sadac turizmia ganviTarebuli warmoadgenen qa- nis dasasruls kremlis kedlebi mopirkeTebuli iqna
laqebi: moskovi, sanqt-peterburgi da soCa. isini gamo- agurebiT. aSenda 18 axali koSki. kremlis sigrZe Sead-
irCevian unikaluri kulturuli da arqiteqturuli gens 2235 metrs. 1937 wels oqtomris revoluciis 20
ZeglebiT, romelTac gaaCniaT mravalsaukunovani isto- wlisTavTan dakavSirebiT, xuT koSkze aRmarTes mnaTo-
ria. turizmis ganviTarebis potencialiT dResdReobiT bi varskvlavebi. yoveli varskvlavi iwonis 1 tonas, xo-
xasiaTdebian sxva regionebic: karelia, kamCatka da bai- lo wriuli diametriT isini Seadgenen 3,75 metrs.
kalis tbis midamoebi. yvelaze didi popularobiT sar- kremlis yvelaze lamazi Senobaa spasis koSki, ro-
geblobs turistuli marSuti e. w. ~oqros rkali”, romelzec XIX saukuneSi aRmarTuli iqna 6,12 metris dia-
melic ewyoba ruseTis istoriuli qalaqebis dasaTva- metris ciferblatebis mqone saaTi. misi zari Camoh-
liereblad. ulamazesi istoriuli Zeglebis daTvalie- kravs yoveli saaTis dasrulebisas. igi iwonis 2160 kg-
reba SeiZleba weliwadis nebismier dros. am turSi Se- s. spasis koSkis simaRle, varskvlavTan erTad, Sead-
dis rva ZiriTadi qalaqi: sergiev posadi, pereslavl- gens 71 metrs. is aSenda 1591 wels milaneli arqiteqto-
zaleski, rostovi, iaroslavli, kostroma, ivanovo, ris xelmZRvanelobiT.
suzdali da vladimiri. es qalaqebi mdebareobs eqvs kremlis centrSi mdebareobs sakaTedro moedani, sa-
(moskovis, vladimiris, ivanovos, kostromis, tverisa da dac TeTri qvebisagan agebulia taZarTa kompleqsi. maT
iaroslavlis) olqSi. Soris yvelaze didia 1. miZinebis taZari, romelic age-
moskovi Zalian perspeqtiulia turizmis ganviTare- bulia 1475-1479 wlebSi rusi specialistebis mier ita-
bis TvalsazrisiT, magram mis aRmavlobas aferxebs qa- lieli arqiteqtoris fioravantis xelmZRvanelobiT.
laqis turistuli infrastruqturis ganuviTarebloba. miZinebis taZari iyo RvTis msaxurTa religiuri aRmsa-
turistebisTvis erT-erT yvelaze mimzidvel obieqts reblobis adgili. masSi ikribebodnen samefo karis mu-
warmoadgens wiTeli moedani da kremli, romelsac Sakebi da iRebdnen mniSvnelovan saxelmwifo aqtebs. es
uwodeben moskovis `guls”. es aris SesaniSnavi istori- taZari warmoadgens xelovnebis iSviaT Sedevrs; 2. same-
ul-arqiteqturuli Zegli, romelic aSenda mravali sa- fo ojaxis taZari, romelic agebulia fsovis specia-
ukunis win. oficialur wyaroebSi moskovi pirvelad listebis mier 1484_89 wlebSi. masSi ganlagebuli eq-
moxseniebulia 1147 wels, magram rogorc gamokvlevebma sponatebi Sedgeba XII_XVI saukuneebSi moRvawe rusi
385 386
specialistebis 50 namuSevrisagan; 3. amaRlebis taZari moirCeva wiTeli moedniT, romelzec mdebareobs v. i.
agebulia XVI s-is dasawyisSi. taZris kedlebi moxatu- leninis mavzoleumi
lia grafTa portretebiT, romelTa sagrafoebic Sevi- aqve aRmarTulia 1611_1612 wlebiT daTariRebuli,
da ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi. is iyo grafebis da mefee- poloneTis dampyroblebisagan moskovis ganmaTavisuf-
bis Sekrebis adgili. lebeli erovnuli gmirebis _ kozma mininis da dimitri
am moedanze 1487_1491 wlebSi aages palata, romlis poJarskis Zeglebi. moednis mopirdapire mxares mdeba-
fasadi mopirkeTebulia marmarilos qviT. am palataSi reobs wiTeli aguris Senoba koSkebiT, romelic agebu-
atarebdnen sakaTedro sxdomebs, saxelmwifo Sexved- li iqna XIX saukunis 70-80-ian wlebSi v. o. Servudisa
rebs da axdendnen ucxo qveynebis vasalTa miRebas. sa- da a. a. semionovis proeqtis mixedviT. am SenobaSi gan-
kaTedro moedanze aRmarTulia ivane mrisxanis zari, lagebulia saxelmwifo-istoriuli muzeumi, sadac Tav-
romelic asrulebda Zveli qalaqis mTavari sapiloto moyrilia Sromis da sabrZolo iaraRebi, Zvirfaseulo-
koSkis rols. misi simaRlea 81 metri. zarebis damonta- ba, tansacmeli, freskebi, dokumentebi, wignebi, suraTe-
Jebis dros aq aRimarTa msoflioSi yvelaze didi same- bi, sayofacxovrebo saqoneli. muzeumis fondSi ganla-
fo zari. misi wonaa 200 tona, diametri _ 6,6 m, xolo gebulia oTxi milioni sagani. kremlis mopirdapire
simaRle ki _ 6 m. kremlSi igi daamontaJes 1733_1735 mxares mdebareobs maRaziebis kompleqsi.
wlebSi. wiTel moedanze warmoebda 1917 wlis revoluciur
samefo koSkTan axlos mdebareobs eklesia Tormeti procesTa organizeba. aqedan midiodnen frontze 1941
epistoleTi, patriarqis palata da iaraRis arsenalis wels sabWoTa sajariso SenaerTebi, aqve 1945 wels Sed-
Senoba, romelic moapirkeTes 1702_1736 wlebSi. aq gamo- ga gamarjvebis zeimi. am moedanze moewyo Sexvedra 1961
fenilia qvemexebi daAis sabrZolo iaraRi, romelic ga- wels kosmosidan dabrunebul I kosmonavtTan – iuri
moyenebuli iqna safrangeTisa da yazaxeTis winaaRmdeg gagarinTan.
omis dros. XVIII saukunis bolos kremlis teritoria- kremlisa da wiTeli moednis mimdebare quCebisa da
ze aages samsarTuliani Senoba, sadac ganTavsebuli moednebis bolos Caedineba mdinare _moskovi. aq Tav-
iyo sabWoTa kavSiris ministrTa sabWo. kremlis sxva moyrilia bevri istoriuli Zegli da saxelmwifo dawe-
nagebobebs Soris aRsaniSnavia didi sasaxle da mopir- sebuleba. kremlis aRmosavleTiT md. moskovis sanapi-
keTebuli palata, sadac Tavmoyrilia unikaluri Zvir- roze mdebareobs Cinelebis dasaxlebis ubani, romlis
fasi ganZi da dekoratiuli xelovnebis nimuSebi, ag- irgvliv 1535-1538 wlebSi aages 2,5 km. sigrZis kedeli.
reTve ruseTisa da ucxoeTis specialistebis cecx- mas gaaCnda 12 koSki. turistebs SeuZliaT am kedlis
lsasroli iaraRis sxvadasxva saxeoba. muzeumis eqspo- narCenebi daaTvalieron triumfis moedanze ~Cinuri”
natebs Soris aRsaniSnavia ruseTis didi mTavris vla- mogzaurobis dros. aqve mdebareobs sastumro ~ruseTi”,
dimir monomaxis qudi, mefe _ mixeil romanovis aRkaz- politeqnikuri muzeumi, didi da patara axalgazrduli
muloba, petre I-is qudi, ucxoeli specialistebis nake- Teatri, m. lomonosovis saxelobis moskovis saxelmwi-
TobaTa da almasebis eqsponatTa koleqcia. kremli ga- fo universitetis Zveli Senoba, ruseTis saxelmwifo
biblioTeka da qristes Zegli. XIX s-is bolos napole-
387 388
onTan omis mogebis aRsaniSnavad, 1930-ian wlebSi Zegli amrigad, moskovi warmoadgens turistebis TavSey-
gadatanil iqna sabWoTa xelisuflebis mier. garda ami- ris mniSvnelovan adgils, romelic mdebareobs dasav-
sa, wiTeli moednis irgvliv mdebareobs bevri sxva is- leT ruseTis federalur olqSi. igi cnobilia XII sau-
toriuli Zegli. kuneSi agebuli kremlis arqiteqturuli ansambliT. aq-
qalaqis Zvel, istoriul nawilSi mdebareoben bul- ve mdebareobs wminda basilis taZari STambeWdavi ele-
vari, e. b. vaxtangovis saxelobis Teatri da a. s. puSki- ganturi feradi gumbaTebiT, spasis koSki, leninis mav-
nis saxl-muzeumi, a. s. puSkinis saxelobis xelovnebis zoleumi, nikolskis koSki, istoriuli muzeumi da sa-
saxelmwifo muzeumi, triumfaluri baRi, romlebic vaWro centri _ gumi. istoriuli Zeglebis garda, aq
warmoadgenen did istoriul-kulturul faseulobas. didi raodenobiT aris Tanamedrove arqiteqturis nage-
aqve mdebareobs tretiakovis saxelmwifo galerea, sa- bobebi, Teatrebi, muzeumebi, kino-darbazebi, sakoncer-
dac Tavmoyrilia 5000-ze meti mxatvris eqsponati, Zve- to darbazebi. mxolod moskovSi turistebs emsaxureba
li rusuli xelovnebis 3000-ze meti Sedevri, 900 skul- eqvsi aeroporti da cxra rkinigzis sadguri.
pturuli Zegli da 30 000-ze meti naxati. moednis gver- RirsSesaniSnaobebiT aris aRsavse moskovis mimdeba-
diT mdebareobs msoflioSi cnobili p.i. Caiakovskis re teritoriebic. es exeba xeivnebs da im adgilebs,
saxelobis konservatoria. moskovSi moxvedrilma tu- romlebic dakavSirebulni arian literaturisa da xe-
ristma SeuZlebelia ar daaTvalieros 1950-ian wlebSi lovnebis cnobil moRvaweTa saqmianobasTan. aqve axlos
agebuli m. v. lomonosovis saxelobis moskovis saxel- mdebareobs f. i. tiutCevis xeivani da muzeumi. es xeiva-
mwifo universitetis axali Senoba. misi simaRle aR- ni ruseTis samxatvro literaturis istoriaSi Sevida,
wevs 385 m-s. simaRlis mixedviT, ruseTSi es Senoba meo- rogorc XIX saukunis rusuli xelovnebis saukeTeso
re adgilzea, ostankinos satelevizio koSkis Semdeg. Sedevri, romelic mdidaria moskovis Zveli arqiteqtu-
universitetis win, moednidan iSleba qalaqis xedi. md. ruli ZeglebiT.
moskovis meore sanapiroze moCans sportis sasaxle da turistebis yuradRebas ipyrobs p. i. Caiakovskis
didi sportuli arena. saxl-muzeumi. moskovis olqis erT-erT ~margalits”
rusuli monumenturi xelovnebis Sedevria md. mos- warmoadgens qalaqi _ zvenigorodi, romlis Sesaxeb
kovis sanapiroze mdebare, XVI_XVII saukuneebSi age- pirveli werilobiTi wyaro TariRdeba 1339 wliT, Tum-
bul, ZeglTa arqiteqturuli kompleqsi. swored am sa- ca qalaqi daarsda bevrad ufro adre. arqeologiuri
napiros velze gaimarjva ivane IV mrisxanem yazanTa wi- gamokvlevebi mowmobs imis Sesaxeb, rom jer kidev
naaRmdeg gamarTul omSi. aqve agebulia istoriuli mu- XII_XIII saukuneebSi zvenigorodSi cxovrobda vaWrebi.
zeumi. aqve mdebareobs moskovis ori istoriul-arqiteq- arsebobs legenda imis Sesaxeb, rom zvenigorodi ganga-
turuli Zegli _novodeviCisa da donis monastrebi. Sis micemiT atyobinebda moskovs mtris moaxloebis Se-
moskovSi mdebareobs 70-ze meti muzeumi, 60-ze meti saxeb. amitom zvenigorodma SeiZina strategiuli mniS-
profesiuli Teatri, 80 samecniero dawesebuleba da vneloba. qalaqTan axlos aages ~sadarajo”. XIV sauku-
bevri samrewvelo sawarmo. nis dasasruls zvenigorodSi daarsda samlocvelo-sa-
389 390
yaraulo monasteri, sadac inaxeba andria rubliovis 1958 wlidan monasteri warmoadgens istoriul-arqiteq-
freskebi. turul da samxatvro muzeums.
miZinebis taZari moxata didma rusma mxatvarma an- kievis mTavris_vladimir monomaxis mier XII sauku-
dria rubliovma. igi iTvleba erT-erT mTavar marTlma- neSi daarsebuli Zveli qalaqi vladimiri Tanamedrove
dideblur saaRmsareblo wminda adgilad, mis Crdilo- etapze warmoadgens msxvil samrewvelo da regionul
aRmosavleTiT, 1152 wels iuri dolgorukis mier tbis centrs. qalaqis mdidari istoriuli warsulis Sesaxeb
sanapiroze daarsda qalaqi, romelmac yvelaze ukeT Se- mowmobs masSi mdebare mravalricxovani Zeglebi: oqros
moinaxa XII s-is mTavris _ aleqsandre nevskis mier age- karibWe, miZinebis taZari, dimitrievis taZari, Sobis ta-
buli istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. aq arse- Zari. ruseTis Zveli qalaqi_suzdali iuri dolgoru-
bobs istoriul-mxatvruli muzeumebi, vladimiris taZa- kis dros iyo didi samTavros dedaqalaqi, romelic
ri da a. S. am qalaqSi petre I-ma aago Tavisi pirveli mdebareobda vladimiridan 30 km-is daSorebiT. Tanamed-
botanikuri baRi. aqedan turists SeuZlia gadavides rove etapze es aris wynari provinciuli turistuli
rostovSi. es qalaqi daarsda 852 wels, e. i. moskovTan qalaqi. mravalricxovani turistebi Cveulebisamebr aT-
SedarebiT bevrad ufro adre. didebulia XV_XVII ss- valiereben centralur moedans, sadac mdebareobs saek-
Si agebuli rostovis kremlic. qalaqSi bevria sxvadas- lesio arqiteqturis SesaniSnavi Zeglebi.
xva epoqis Zegli. sanqt-peterburgi iTvleba Crdilo-dasavleT ruse-
rostovidan fexiT CrdiloeTiT gaseirnebis Sem- Tis kulturul dedaqalaqad. igi gaSenebulia mdinare
TxvevaSi turistebi aRmoCndebian ruseTis Zvel qalaq nevis deltaze, fineTis yuris aRmosavleTiT. igi bal-
_ iaroslavlSi mdinare volgaze, romelic daarsebu- tiis zRvis sanapiroze mdebare, sididiT meore qalaqia.
li iqna XI saukunis dasawyisSi. 1463 wels qalaqi Sevi- turistuli mizidulobis mixedviT mas merve adgili
da ruseTis SemadgenlobaSi. iaroslavlSi bevri isto- ukavia msoflioSi. sanqt-peterburgi ~sasaxleTa” qala-
riuli da arqiteqturuli Zeglia: spasis monasteri, qia. maTgan pirvelia 1710-14 wlebSi petre I-is mier zaf-
wmida ilinis eklesia, tolgis monasteri da sxvebi. es xulis baRSi agebuli sasaxle. aqvea barokos stilis
qalaqi msxvili samecniero da samrewvelo centria. rezidenciebi (nevis sanapiroze agebuli menSikovis sa-
kostromi ganlagebulia md. volgaze. qalaqi daarsda saxle).
XII saukuneSi. yazanis moskovTan mierTebis Semdeg (1552 imperiul sasaxleebs Soris yvelaze brwyinvalea
wels) kostromi dakarga misi samxedro-strategiuli 1754_1762 wlebSi barokos stiliT agebuli zamTris sa-
mniSvneloba. amitom qalaqSi daiwyo swrafi ekonomiku- saxle. es aris uzarmazari Senoba umdidresi interie-
ri aRmavloba. XVIII saukuneSi kostromi gadaiqca riT, romelSic amJamad ganTavsebulia ermitaJis muzeu-
msxvil samrewvelo centrad. qalaqis SedarebiT cno- mi. aq daculia msoflioSi erT-erTi umdidresi da um-
bil arqiteqturul Zegls warmoadgens ipatevis monas- niSvnelovanesi xelovnebis nimuSTa koleqcia, romlis
teri, romelic daarsda 1330 wels. ipatevis monasterSi arqiteqtori iyo barTolomeo rastreli. masve ekuT-
1613 wels mixeil romanovi gamocxadebul iqna mefed. vnis nevis prospeqtis siaxloves mdebare sami reziden-
ciis (1752-1754 wlebSi agebuli stroganovis sasaxlis _
391 392
amJamad cvilis figuraTa muzeumis, 1749-1757 wlebSi aeSenebinaT porti, cixe-simagre da imperiis dedaqala-
agebuli voroncovis sasaxlis _ amJamindeli samxedro qi. mSeneblobisaTvis aq mowveuli iqna dasavleT evro-
skolisa da 1741-1750 wlebSi agebuli aniCkovis sasax- pis arqiteqtorebi.
lis _ amJamad bavSvTa sasaxlis) proeqtebic. aqve mde- aq turistebis yuradRebas, upirveles yovlisa, ipy-
bareobs barokos stilSi agebuli sxva sasaxleebic: robs zamTris sasaxle, romelic aago arqiteqtorma b.
fontankaze _ Seremetievis (amJamad Sadrevnis saxeliT rastrelma. aRniSnul SenobaSi mdebareobs saxelmwifo
cnobili) saxli da nevis prospeqtze_beloselski-be- muzeumi, romelic cnobilia mTel msoflioSi. muzeum-
lozerskis sasaxle (1946-1948 ww.), Tavadi sergei aleq- Si gamofenilia daaxloebiT 2,7 mln suraTi, skulptu-
sandroviCis yofili rezidencia. ra, naxati, xelovnebis Sedevrebi, aveji, tradiciuli
aqve aRsaniSnavia sxva mniSvnelovani Zeglebic: 1710 pijakebi, monetebi, medlebi, iaraRi da civilizaciis
wels petre I-s brZanebiT agebuli marTlmadidebluri yvela epoqis sxva sagnebi. aqvea sanqt-peterburgis mo-
monasteri _ aleqsandre nevelis lavra (romelic age- ednebis kompleqsi, sasaxlis moedani, ~dekabristebis”
bulia im adgilze, sadac aleqsandre nevelma brZola moedani, xelovnebis moedani, marsis veli da a. S.
mougo Svedebs), sanqt-peterburgis arqiteqturis Sedev- sasaxlis moednis mSeneblobas safuZveli Caeyara
ri _admiralis Senoba, rusuli klasicizmis Zegli, zamTris sasaxlis agebiT. mis centrSi aRmarTulia 1812
romlis mSeneblobac daiwyo 1704 wels. am Senobaze ge- wlis omSi rusi xalxis gamarjvebis koSki. mis siaxlo-
mis gamoxatuleba qalaqis mniSvnelovani simboloa, ves mdebareobs msoflioSi yvelaze maRali (102 m. si-
radgan sanqt-peterburgi ruseTis didi saporto da sa- maRlis) marTlmadidebluri (isaakievis) taZari. igi te-
naosno centria. ritoriulad ganlagebulia 1 heqtari miwis farTobze.
ruseTis mniSvnelovani taZrebia agreTve kazanis sanqt-peterburgis simboloa cxenze amxedrebuli petre
RvTismSoblis xati, isaakievis da qristes aRdgomis I-is qandakeba, romelic aago skulptorma_falkonem.
taZrebi. TiToeuli maTgani unikaluri Senobaa Tavisi Zegli mdebareobs ~dekabristebis” moedanze. qalaqis
arqiteqturiT da izidavs damTvalierebels sxvadasxva sxva RirsSesaniSnaobebs warmoadgens admiral_petre-
qveynidan. didi popularobiT sargeblobs peterburgis pavlovis eklesia, ruseTis saxelmwifo muzeumi, sadac
xidebi, romelTagan erT-erTis gaxsnas (ixsneba Ramis Tavmoyrilia rusi mxatvrebis, skulptorebis naxatebi
pirveli saaTis Semdeg gemebis gasatareblad) ar SeiZ- da skulpturebi, vasilis kunZulis SenobaTa kompleqsi
leba, rom ar daeswros aq Camosuli turisti. peter- da sazafxulo baRi. didebulia agreTve qalaqis mTava-
burgSi 200-mde muzeumi da 70-mde Teatria, romelTagan ri quCa _ nevis prospeqti.
yvelaze mniSvnelovania marinis Teatri. aq turistebs izidavs sanqt-peterburgis gareubne-
sanqt-peterburgi misi gareubnebiT Tavad aris ruse- bic: SesaniSnavi qalaqgare sasaxleebi da parkebi, impe-
Tis istoriul-kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaoba. igi aRia- ratoris sazafxulo rezidencia, samefo sofeli, ora-
rebulia meore msoflio omis dros gmiruli Tavdac- nienbaumi, pavlovisa da petergofis parkebi. II msof-
viT. peterburgs xSirad uwodeben ~CrdiloeTis veneci- lio omis dros maTi umravlesoba gaiZarcva, magram
as”. is daarsda 1703 wels petre I-is brZanebiT, raTa aq omis Semdeg isini kvlav aRsdga. imperator petre III-is
393 394
sazafxulo rezidencia (sasaxle-parkis kompleqsi) ga- ze maRali Sadrevani aRwevs 22 metrs. Sadrevnebis didi
moirCeva arqiteqtor a. rinaldis miniaturuli ezoTi. kaskadi esxmeba 225 mooqrovil skulpturas. oranienba-
mogvianebiT swored am arqiteqtorma aago ekaterine II- umi mdebareobs petergofis siaxloves sanqt-peterbur-
is sasaxle. yvela es istoriuli Zegli klasicizmis gisgan 40 km-is daSorebiT. misi sasaxle-parkis kompleq-
gamoxatulebaa. muzeumis darbazebSi warmodgenilia si ar dazaralebula II msoflio omis dros, radganac
XVIII saukunis Sedevrebi: grafikebi, naxatebi, suraTebi qalaqi ar yofila okupirebuli.1
da a. S. sergiev-posadi aris mravalricxovani arqiteqturu-
samefo sofeli Seiqmna XVIII saukunis Sua xanebSi. li nagebobebis mqone qalaqi. samonatro kompleqsi moi-
ekaterines sasaxle aSenda petre I-is meuRlis, momava- cavs 50-ze met Senobas. maT Soris yvelaze msxvilia mi-
li dedoflis ekaterine I-is dasvenebisaTvis. igi dgas Zinebis taZari, romlis mSenebloba daiwyo XV saukune-
Sua saukuneebis parkTa Soris, sxva sasaxleTa garemoc- Si da TiTqmis oTxi saukune gastana. pereslavl-zales-
vaSi da gamoirCeva plastikuri dekoratiis saocari kSi mdebareobs eqvsi monasteri, romelTagan 4 moqmedi-
mravalferovnebiT. cisfer fasadze SeRebili TeTri a. XVIII saukuneSi igi iyo pereslavlis eparqiis cen-
Senobebi moCuqurTmebulia oqrosfrad. sasaxleSi gan- tri. xuTi monastridan aq SemorCenilia TeTri qvis mo-
lagebulia XVII_XVIII saukuneebis italiel xelovanTa nasteri _ spaso-preobraJenski. rostovi aris turistu-
skulpturebi. li marSutis margaliti. es qalaqi mdidaria aramarto
sasaxlis mopirdapired mdebareobs arqiteqtor kame- istoriul-kulturuli ZeglebiT, aramed Tvalwarmtaci
ronis galerea. aq warmodgenilia vercxlisferi skul- landSaftiTac. aq turistebs izidavs XVII saukuneSi
pturebis koleqcia. parkSi agebulia didi da lamazi agebuli rostovis kremli. qalaqis kulturul RirsSe-
Senobebi. ekaterines sasaxlis gverdiT mdebareobs sa- saniSnaobas warmoadgens rostovis 13 zari, romlebic
mefo soflis liceumis Senoba. aq swavlobda a. s. puS- gamoscemen unikalur xmas.
kini. liceumis baRSi aRmarTulia poetis Zegli. samefo iaroslavli daarsda 1010 wels, romlis istoriul
soflidan 2 km-is daSorebiT mdebareobs arqiteqtor C. centrSic mdebareobs 140-mde arqiteqturuli Zegli. aq
kameronis mier agebuli pavlovis parki, romelic evro- mdebare eklesiebs etyobaT dasavleTis kulturisa da
pis erT-erTi ulamazesi da umsxvilesi parkia. igi ga- arqiteqturis zegavlena. am qalaqis erT-erT turis-
Senebulia 600 heqtari miwis farTobze. muzeumSi war- tul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens spaso-preobraJen-
modgenilia rus moRvaweTa portretebis koleqcia. skis Zveli monasteri, ilia winaswarmetyvelis eklesia,
petergofi _ rusuli xelovnebis erT-erTi, yvelaze XV saukunis tolgskis monasteri. kostromis istoriu-
cnobili Zeglia. mas uwodeben ~xelovnebis margalits”, li nawilis arqiteqturuli dagegmareba SemorCenilia
radganac igi moicavs zRapruli silamazis mqone ba- 1781 wlidan. igi gaSlilia md. volgis sanapiroze.
Rebs, parkebs, ezoebsa da Sadrevnebs. 2005 wlis seqtem- mniSvnelovan arqiteqturul Zegls warmoadgens ipatie-
berSi petergofma aRniSna Tavisi daarsebis 300 wlis-
Tavi. mis kompleqsSi Sedis 7 parki, 20-ze meti sasaxle
1 www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного
da agreTve 140 Sadrevani. Sadrevnebis sistemaSi yvela-
туризма.
395 396
vis samonastro kompleqsi, romelic aages 1330-ian lebas aZlevs turistebs ukeT Seicnon aqauri buneba.
wlebSi. turistebs Ramis gaTeva aq SeuZliaT tbis sanapiroze
ivanovo ganTqmulia konstruqtivizmis epoqis Zeg- specialurad mowyobil karavebSi an mimdebare sofleb-
lebiT. esenia: saxli-gemi, saxli-navi da sxva. aq Semor- Si. ruseTis ukidures Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mdebare-
Cenili samrewvelo obieqtebi (mag., safeiqro qarxana) obs seismurad aqtiuri zona _ kamCatkis naxevarkunZu-
Tavisebur kolorits aniWebs am qalaqs. suzdali aris li, sadac 160 vulkanidan 68 moqmedia. naxevarkunZulis
uZvelesi qalaqi, romelic daarsda X saukuneSi. mis farTobia 472,3 aT km2. moqmed vulkanebs Soris yvelaze
umTavres Rirebulebas warmoadgens 1024 wels agebuli maRalia e. w. kluCevskaia sopka (4750 m.). aq bevri mdina-
suzdalis kremli. igi mdebareobs qalaqis samxreTiT, rea, romelic turistebs izidavs mdidari fauniT.
romlis mniSvnelovani nawilic jer kidev aris Semor- zogierTi maTgani gamosadegia jomardobisaTvis.
Cenili. aq mravlad aris samonastro kompleqsebic: mdidaria naxevarkunZulis flora da faunac. saerTa-
aleqsandrovis monasteri (1240 w.), rizopoloJenis mo- Soriso turistebis umravlesoba ruseTis did qalaqeb-
nasteri (1207 w.), pokrovis eklesia (1364 w.). es ukanas- Si Cadis, radganac didi teritoriebis miuxedavad, ga-
kneli iyo imdroindeli ruseTis erT-erTi udidesi ta- nuviTarebelia infrastruqtura, arastabiluri ekono-
Zari. vladimirSi SemorCenilia XVII s-is oqros karibWe mikuri mdgomareoba da potencialis gamouyenebloba.
da TeTri qvisgan agebuli miZinebis monasteri, rome- amis miuxedavad, ruseTSi bolo dros intensiurad vi-
lic Setanilia iuneskos ZeglTa dcvis nusxaSi. Tardeba sxvadasxva saxis turizmi. aq Camodian mTam-
ruseTSi viTardeba sazRvao turizmi, Tumca aq Cam- svlelobisaTvis, raftingisaTvis, Tumca cotaa mTis
svlelTa umetesobas warmoadgenen adgilobrivi turis- mdinare. amdenad, ruseTi flobs udides SesaZleblo-
tebi. Savi zRvis kurortebia: soWi, anapa, adleri da ge- bas turiszmis ganviTarebaTvis. amas xels uwyobs mra-
lenjiki. es qalaqebi mdebareoben subtropikuli klima- valferovani bunebrivi pirobebisa da resursebis arse-
tis zonaSi. aq aris mravali sanatoriumi, sadac SesaZ- boba, ruseTis mdidari kulturul-istoriuli warsu-
lebelia mineraluri wylis abazanebis miRebac. turis- li, didi da naklebaddasaxlebuli teritoriebi, sadac
tebisaTvis gansakuTrebiT mimzidvel adgils warmoad- Semonaxulia veluri buneba. rigi mizezebis gamo, ruse-
gens baikalis tba, romelic mdebareobs aRmosavleT Ti jer kidev ver axerxebs Tavisi rekreaciuli poten-
cimbirSi da teqtonikuri warmoSobis yvelaze Rrma cialis srul realizebas. is arasrulfasovnad iyenebs
(maqsimaluri siRrme_ 1642 m.) tbaa mTel msoflioSi. am am sferoSi arsebul resursebs.
tbis farTobia 31722 km2, sadac Caedineba 340-mde mdina- ruseTis turistuli resursebis aTviseba SeuZlebe-
re. tbidan ki gamoedineba mxolod erTi mdinare _ anga- lia satransporto qselis ganviTarebis gareSe. Tana-
ra. medrove etapze transportis yvelaze metad gamoyene-
Tvalwarmtacia tbis flora da fauna. msurvelebs bad saxeobas warmoadgens rkinigzis transporti. amas-
Tavisuflad SeuZliaT aq arsebuli lamazi peizaJebis Tan dakavSirebiT, turizmis erT-erT perspeqtiul saxe-
daTvaliereba. tbis mimdebare teritoriebze mowyobi- obad SeiZleba gadaiqces sarkinigzo turizmi. turis-
lia specialuri turistuli bilikebi, romelic saSua- tuli bazris mniSvnelovan segmentad iTvleba, winas-
397 398
war dagegmili marSrutebis mixedviT, specializebuli smolenskis tbaTa kompleqsi, romelic moicavs 35 ula-
turistul-saeqspedicio mgzavrobis organizeba. turiz- mazes tbas.
mi gadaiqca ruseTis regionuli ganviTarebis xelSem- turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia ruseTis evropuli na-
wyob faqtorad. wilis erT-erTi yvelaze msxvili mxare _tveris regio-
ruseTSi Catarebulma kvlevebma aCvena, rom turiz- ni, romelic mdebareobs evropisa da aziis bevri qvey-
mis ganviTarebisadmi interess sul ufro iCenen regionis wylis marSrutebis gzajvaredinze. aq mdebareobs
nebi. axalaSenebulma regionebma daiwyo TavianT turis- Zveli patara qalaqebi, romlebic xasiaTdebian Tavian-
tul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa reklamireba. turistebis da- Ti specifikurobiT: wminda marTlmadidebluri adgile-
interesebis sferos warmoadgens ruseTis aramarto biTa da xeivnebiT, sadac moRvaweobdnen ruseTis cno-
mWidrod dasaxlebuli adgilebi, aramed provinciuli bili adamianebi. aq bevri, lamazi peizaJia. mxaris admi-
regionebic. es aris farTo napiroebis mqone nela mo- nistraciuli centria tveris istoriuli qalaqebi.1
livlive mdinareebi, mdeloebi, lamazi farTofoTlo- tvers gaaCnia xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobe-
vani tyeebi. Tvalwarmtacia kalugas olqi da misi qa- bi. regionis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvne-
laqebi _ kaluga da borovi. mxareSi Semonaxulia reba tveris imperatoruli sasaxle, samefo yrilobis Se-
ligiuri Zeglebi: Svidi monasteri da 130-ze meti ekle- noba, saltikov-SCedrinis saxl-muzeumi, aTanase nikiti-
sia. kalugas mimdebare teritoriebSi bevri xeivani da nis, a. s. puSkinis, i. a. krilovis Zeglebi, II msoflio
muzeumia. kaluJis mxareSi mdebareobs optinis monaste- omSi daRupulTa sapativcemulod qalaqSi aRmarTulia
ri, romelic daaarses n. v. gogolma, f. m. dostoevskim obeliski. aq bevri sawarmo, ramdenime universiteti, Te-
da l. n. tolstoim. Tanamedrove etapze is aris mra- atri da cirkia. tveri izidavs bevr turists moskovi-
valricxovan momlocvelTa saaRmsareblo ritualebis dan da sxva regionidan.
Catarebis adgili. turistebisTvis sainteresoa tveris mxaris sxva
smolenskis olqi mdebareobs aRmosavleT evropis RirsSesaniSnaobebic. aq aris 300-ze meti arqeologiuri
TiTqmis centrSi. mis Sesaxeb pirveli cnobebi moipove- Zegli, romelTa ricxvs ganekuTvneba koleqcioneris,
ba 863 wlidan. igi mdebareobs mniSvnelovan savaWro uZravi qonebis ganmkargavis, arqeologis, anTropolo-
gza-jvaredinze, romelic skandinaviis naxevarkunZuls gis, mravali samecniero da mxatvar n. k. rerixis xeiva-
ukavSirebs Savi zRvis auzs. smolenski swrafad ganvi- ni. tveris regionis Crdilo-dasavleT mxare warmoad-
Tarda. igi gadaiqca slavuri kulturis umsxviles cen- gens tradiciuli, ekologiuri, sportuli, religiuri
trad. Cvens dromdec qalaqis Tavze aRmarTulia XII s- da wylis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayrel zo-
Si agebuli eklesiebi. nas. raionSi mdebareobs bakuninis istoriuli samarxi,
dnepris marjvena sanapiroze. ramdenime kilometrSi romelic uvlida iSviaTi jiSis mcenareebisa da cxove-
mdebareobs samebis taZari, romelic daarsda XVI sau- lebis parks.
kuneSi. smolenskis olqSi mdebareobs gagarinis qalaq-
muzeumi. bunebis moyvarulTaTvis namdvili ~aRmoCenaa”
туризма.
399 400
turistebisTvis erT-erT yvelaze mimzidvel adgils ulamazesi peizaJebi. mdinare suxonis qveviT iSleba
warmoadgens puSkinis saxelobis xeivani, romelic iqca trockis monasteri. vologdis mxaris administracia
yvelaze popularul saeqskursio-turistul marSru- turizms ganixilavs ekonomikuri aqtiurobis erT-erT
tad. tveris mxareSi turistebi yvelaze xSirad stum- prioritetul mimarTulebad.
roben seligeris tbas da ostaSkovis qalaqs, romelic niJninovgorodis mxare mdebareobs md. volgis au-
gadaiqca sakurorto centrad. es adgili warmoadgens zis Sua nawilSi, romlis administraciuli centria
saxelmwifo nakrZals. seligeris tbis sanapiroze mde- niJni-novgorodi. mis mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmo-
bareobs turistuli baza ~seligeri”, romelic stum- adgens novgorodis kremli, romelic moicavs Suasauku-
rebs iRebs mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi. aq mdebareobs neebis cixe-simagreTa kompleqss, koSkebs da XIX sauku-
sastumro kompleqsis kidev ori baza. tveris samxreT- nis klasikur nagebobebs. qalaqSi mdebareobs mravali
aRmosavleT teritoriaze gadis moskovi-sanqt-peter- eklesia-monasteri. niJninovgorodi aris maqsim gorkis
burgis damakavSirebeli rkinigza da avtomagistrali. samSoblo. mxaris pirvel Sedevrs _ radio-eleqtroni-
raionis yvelaze lamazi adgilebia mdinare volga, kas turistma SeiZleba gaecnos radio-laboratoriis
patara nakadulebi, tye, Zveli rusuli kulturis Zeg- muzeumSi.
lebi, rac aq izidavs didi raodenobiT ucxoel tu- niJninovgorodidan 70 km-is daSorebiT md. volgis
rists. tveris raionis teritoriaze mdebareobs 40-mde marcxena sanapiroze mdebareobs yvelaze Zveli qalaqi
gamajansaRebeli dawesebuleba, pansionati, turistuli _ gorodeci. igi dafuZnda 1152 wels Tavadi iuri dol-
baza, dasvenebis saxli da bavSvTa gamajansaRebeli ba- gorukovis mier rostovi-suzdalis samTavros aRmosav-
nakebi. bevrma ar icis, rom aq aris 150-ze meti xelux- leT sazRvris gamyarebis mizniT. gorodeci inaxavs
lebeli tba, romelic mimzidvelia meTevzeebisaTvis, xalxur mxatvrul tradiciebs. literaturuli tradi-
eqstremaluri Tavgadasavlebisa da curvis moyvarul- ciebiT aRiarebulia sofeli boldino. aq moRvaweobda
TaTvis. didi poeti a. s. puSkini. mxareSi turizmis perspeqtiul
tveris mxaris CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs vologdis saxeobas ganekuTvneba: samdinare kruizebi mdinare
olqi. mis teritoriaze mdebareobs karstuli mRvimeebi, volgaze, aRmsarebloba, samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli
myinvarebis dnobiT warmoqmnili tbebi da mdinareebi. turizmi, saTavgadasavlo da eko-turizmi, nadiroba da
qalaqi vologda mdebareobs mdinare suxonis sanapiro- Tevzaoba.
ze, sadac aRmarTulia xis arqiteqturuli saxlebi. tu- fskovis mxare XIV saukuneSi sididis mixedviT, mos-
ristebi aTvaliereben XVI_ XVII saukuneebSi aSenebul kovis da novgorodis Semdeg, fskovi iyo am qveynis me-
kremls, XVI saukuneSi agebul miZinebis taZars da mra- same qalaqi. igi iTvleba erT-erT yvelaze sufTa mxa-
valricxovan samonastro kompleqss. vologdis mxareSi red mTel ruseTSi. garemos sisufTaves xels uwyobs
turistebs izidavs Zveli patara qalaqi. mdinare suxo- samrewvelo sawarmoTa ganuviTarebloba da daculi
nis sanapiroebidan turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron teritoriebis didi raodenoba. mxaris teritoriaze
XVII_XVIII saukuneebSi agebuli samonastro taZris kom- mdebareobs daaxloebiT 3700 tba. mdinaris da tbebis
pleqsis, sasaxleebis da sxva arqiteqturul ZeglTa arseboba, tyis masivebi da mineraluri resursebi iZle-
401 402
va dasvenebis, gajansaRebisa da ZalTa aRdgenis SesaZ- soCa mdebareobs krasnodaris mxareSi. igi gadaWimu-
leblobas. fskovis mxare perspeqtiulia SemecnebiTi, lia 150 km-ze Savi zRvis sanapiromde. soCa amJRavnebs
religiuri da gamajansaRebeli turizmis ganviTarebi- mniSvnelovan samkurnalo Tvisebas. qalaqi warmoadgens
saTvis. umsxviles barneologiur-klimatur kurorts. aq mdeba-
vladikavkazi zRvispira savaWro-saporto qalaqia, reobs aTeulobiT sanatoriumi, kurortologiis da fi-
romelic turizmisaTvis perspeqtiulad iTvleba. mas zioTerapiis instituti.
axasiaTebs sxvadasxvagvari, unikaluri bunebrivi kom-
pleqsi: SesaniSnavi geizerebi da sxva. turistuli
TvalsazrisiT, aq SeiZleba calke gamoyofili iqnes ukrainis turistuli resursebi
Semdegi turistuli resursebi: azovisa da Savi zRvis
sanapiroebi, kavkasiis mineraluri wylebis raioni,
ukraina mdebareobs aRmosavleT evropaSi, romelsac
axalgazrda da dinamiurad ganviTarebadi kurortebi.
samxreTiT akravs Savi da azovis zRvebi. mas esazRvre-
Savi zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs cnobili kurorte-
ba ruseTi, belarusi, moldova, poloneTi, slovakeTi,
bi_gelenjiki, tuapse, soCa da sxva. kavkasiis mineralu-
ungreTi da rumineTi. qveynis farTobi Seadgens 6,037
ri wylebis raioni mdebareobs kavkasiuri qedis Crdi-
mln km2-s. mis teritoriaze gaedineba dnepri, dnestri
loeT ferdobze. kavkasiis mineraluri wylebis raion-
da dunai. ukrainaSi klimati zomieri kontinenturia,
Si mdebareoben kislovodis, esentukis da rkiniswylis
xolo yirimis samxreT sanapiroze ki Warbobs xmelTa-
kurortebi.
Sua zRvis tipis subtropikuli klimati. ukraina aris
mineraluri wylebis raioni 60 km-iTaa daSorebuli
naxevradsaprezidento respublika. misi dedaqalaqia ki-
kislovodis sakurorto qalaqidan, romlebic erTma-
evi, xolo didi qalaqebia xarkovi, dnepropetrovski,
neTs ukavSirdebian eleqtroficirebuli rkinigziTa da
odesa, donecki, zaporoJie da lvovi. 2009 wlis monace-
avtomagistraliT. piatigorski aris balneologiuri
mebiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 46 mln kacs, saer-
da talaxiT samkurnalo kurorti. aq moipoveba 40-ze
To mSp _ 337,3 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki
meti mineraluri wyaro da samkurnalo talaxi. esentu-
_ 7,3 aTas dolars. misi oficialuri enaa ukrainuli,
ki warmoadgens kavkasiis umsxviles da yvelaze popu-
xolo gavrcelebuli enebia rusuli, ruminuli, polo-
larul balneologiur kurorts. es kurorti moicavs
nuri da ungruli. oficialuri religiaa qristianoba
20-ze met mineralur wyaros. kavkasiis mineraluri
(marTlmadidebloba da kaTolicizmi).
wylebis raionis sakurorto qalaqebis samxreTiT mde-
bareobs balneologiuri da klimaturi kurorti _kis-
lovodi, romelic kavkasiis mineraluri wylebis rai-
onSi Semaval kurortebs Soris yvelaze keTilmowyobi-
li kurortia. rkiniswylis kurorti yvelaze lamazia
am raionSi Semaval kurortebs Soris.
403 404
ukraina. bebi, donecis Wiuxi, galicia, gemTmSenebeli qarxana,
kanevis wyalsacavi, oCakovi, dnepris, dnestris, dnepro-
bugis, samxreT bugisa da tiligulis limanebi. ukrai-
nis muzeumia livadiis sasaxle. ukrainis msoflio mem-
kvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Sedis: karpatebis wiflis
pirvelyofili tyeebi, kiev-peCerskis lavras monasteri,
wminda sofias sakaTedro taZari da lvovis istoriu-
li centri. turistebisaTvis ukrainaSi saimedo sabanko
serviss eweva privat-banki, xolo satransporto momsa-
xurebas_kievis metropoliteni, nika-terasa da nikolae-
vis sazRvao-savaWro portebi.
ukrainaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTareba da-
kavSirebulia kievis, yirimis sakurorto raionis da
karpatis mTebSi klimaturi kurortebis daTvaliere-
ukrainis dasavleTi warmodgenilia karpatebis mTe- basTan. kievis yvelaze cnobil RirsSesaniSnaobas war-
biT, xolo samxreT nawili ki _ yirimis mTianeTiT. uk- moadgens oqros karibWe da wminda sofias taZari, kiev-
rainis ekonomika mTlianad aris damokidebuli ruseTis peCerskis lavras istoriul-arqiteqturuli ansambli,
energomatareblebze. qveyana mdidaria bunebrivi resur- damoukideblobis centraluri maidani, wminda andria
sebiT: rkinis madniT, qvanaxSiriT, manganumiT, mariliT, pirvelwodebulis eklesia, andreevis daRmarTi da a. S.
gogirdiT, nikeliT, vercxliswyliT, saSeni xe-tyiTa yirimSi Sesasvlels warmoadgens qalaqi _simfero-
da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebiT. mas saeqsportod Ziri- poli, saidanac turistebi miemgzavrebian naxevarkunZu-
Tadad gaaqvs liTonebi, manqanaTmSeneblobis produq- lis iseT sazRvao kurortebze, rogoricaa: ialta,
cia da kvebis produqcia. misi valutaa grivna. ukraina alupka, aluSta, evpatoria da a. S. yirimis sanapiroze
administraciulad dayofilia 24 olqad, erT avtonomi- mdebareobs qalaqi sevastopoli, romelic XIX_XX sau-
ur respublikad (yirimi) da or qalaqad (kievi da se- kuneebSi iyo mZlavri samxedro Tavdasxmis obieqti. ami-
vastopoli). turistuli TvalsazrisiT, ukrainas yofen tom sevastopolSi bevri istoriuli Zeglia, romelic
oTx regionad: dneprispireTi (centri), donbasi (aRmo- dakavSirebulia sazRvao da saxmeleTo brZolebTan.
savleTi), novorosia (SavizRvispireTi da yirimi) da turistebisa da qalaqis stumrebis interesis sferos
dagalicia (dasavleTi). warmoadgens sevastopolze samxedro Sturmis panorama.
ukrainis arqiteqturas ganekuTvneba mercxlis bude yirimi turistebisaTvis cnobilia istoriuli Zeg-
(yirimi), ukrainuli baroko, lvovis istoriuli centri lebiT, agreTve qalaqiT _ baxCisaraiaTi, sadac mdeba-
da berezanis kunZulebi. ukrainis ZiriTad turistul reobs xanis sasaxle (amJamad, igi aris istoriul-arqi-
RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba: potiomkinis safexure- teqturuli muzeumi). yirimSi mdebareobs yofil samefo
bi, dneprispireTis, volinskisa da podolskis maRlo- ojaxTa sasaxleebi. yirimis mTebSi moqmedebs turistu-
405 406
li bazis qseli. yirimi cnobilia meRvineobiT. gansa- moldova.
kuTrebiT fasdeba masandras jiSis yurZnidan damzade-
buli Rvino.
moldovis turistuli potenciali
moldovis respublika mdebareobs samxreT-aRmosav-

leT evropaSi, romelsac aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba uk-
raina, xolo dasavleTiT ki_ rumineTi, misi sazRvari
gadis mdinareebze _ prutsa da dunaize. moldovis
farTobi Seadgens 33,84 aTas km2-s. moldovis dedaqala-
qia kiSiniovi. misi oficialuri ena aris moldavuri.
2008 wlis monacemebiT, moldovis mosaxleoba Seadgens
Tanamedrove moldovis kulturul tradiciebSi
4,1 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _9,4 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo
mniSvnelovania klasikuri ruminuli kulturis zegav-
erT mosaxleze ki 3,0 aT aSS dolars. misi valutaa
lena, rac aixsneba mosaxleobis umravlesobis ruminu-
leu. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT moldova iyofa 9
li warmoSobiT. kiSiniovi mdebareobs mdinarispira la-
olqad, erT avtonomiur teritoriul erTeulad da
maz ferdobze. erT-erTi Zveli moldavuri tradiciaa
erT teritoriul erTeulad (dnestrispireTi). misi re-
meRvineoba. moldovaSi mravladaa adgilobrivi Rvinis
ligia aris marTlmadidebloba. moldovaSi xelsayre-
sardafebi, sadac turistebs SeuZliaT daagemovnon ad-
li klimaturi pirobebia soflis meurneobis ganviTa-
gilobrivi yurZnisagan damzadebuli naturaluri Rvi-
rebisTvis. mas eqsportad gaaqvs kvebis produqti.
noebi. amitom ~Rvinis turebi” am qveynisaTvis warmoad-
gens turizmis ganviTarebis yvelaze perspeqtiul mi-
marTulebas.1
kavkasiis turistuli potenciali da misi

amoqmedebis gzebi
kavkasia (~mijaWvuli promeTe”) vrceli bunebrivi

regionia Sav, kaspiisa da azovis zRvebs Soris. igi
407 408
CrdiloeTiT SemosazRvrulia kuma-maniCis RrmuliT, kavkasiis regionis buneba mravalferovania. aq ori-
samxreTiT _ iraniTa da TurqeTiT, dasavleTiT _ yuba- ginalurad aris Sexamebuli mSrali peizaJebi nestian
nis SesarTaviT, xolo aRmosavleTiT ki _ afSeronis subtropikebTan. Tbili zRvebisa da yinulovani mTebis
naxevarkunZuliT. kavkasiis farTobi 440 aTasi kv. km-ia, aseT siaxloves sxvagan iSviaTad naxavs turisti. amJa-
sadac cxovrobs 30 mln kaci. kavkasiis mTavari wyal- mad kavkasiis teritoria 4 suverenul saxelmwifos mo-
gamyofi qedi kavkasions yofs CrdiloeT (imier) da sam- icavs. kerZod, esenia: saqarTvelo (69,7 aTasi kv. km-iT),
xreT (amier) kavkasiad. CrdiloeT kavkasiis farTobia somxeTi (29,8 aTasi kv. km-iT), azerbaijani (86,6 aTasi kv.
250 aTasi kv. km, xolo amierkavkasiisa ki _ 190 aTasi kv. km-iT) da ruseTi (254,3 aTasi kv. km-iT). TviT ruseTis
km. federacia kavkasiaSi warmodgenilia Semdegi adminis-
kavkasionis xedi. traciuli erTeulebiT: krasnodaris mxare (76 aTasi kv.
km-iT), stavropolis mxare (66,5 aTasi kv. km-iT), respub-
likebi_ adile (7,6 aTasi kv. km-iT), yaraCai-CerqezeTi
(14,1 aTasi kv. km-iT), yabardo-balyareTi (12,5 aTasi kv.
km-iT), CrdiloeT oseTi (8,0 aTasi kv. km-iT), inguSeTi
(4,6 aTasi kv. km-iT), CeCneTi (15,9 aTasi kv. km-iT) da da-
Restani (50,3 aTasi kv. km-iT).
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis per-

speqtivebi amierkavkasiis qveynebSi
amierkavkasiis qveynebSi_saqarTveloSi, azerbaijansa

da somxeTSi arsebobs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTa-
rebis udidesi potenciali, romlis amoqmedebac xels
Seuwyobs am qveynebis ekonomikur aRmavlobas. gamok-
bunebrivi pirobebis mixedviT, ganasxvaveben agreTve vlevebis Tanaxmad, kavkasiaSi turizmisagan miRebuli
dasavleT da aRmosavleT kavkasions, romelTagan pir- efeqtis asamaRleblad saWiroa transportisa da sas-
veli moicavs azovis da Savi zRvis auzs, xolo meore tumroTa qselis ganviTareba. sarkinigzo turizmi SeiZ-
ki _ kaspiis zRvis auzs. qedi agreTve wa-rmoadgens zo- leba ganviTardes kavkasiaSic. am regionSi mniSvnelova-
mieri da subtropikuli zonebis bunebriv sazRvars. ge- nia ekologiuri turizmis ganviTareba, romelic dakav-
ografiulad kavkasias ekuTvnis agreTve TurqeTis Sirebulia daculi teritoriebis ganviTarebasa da
Crdilo-aRmosavleTi, rostovis olqisa da yalmuxeTis ekologiuri problemebis gadaWrasTan. bevri rekreaci-
respublikis nawili. uli obieqti mdebareobs amierkavkasiis qveynebSi: saqar-
409 410
TveloSi, azerbaijansa da somxeTSi, romelic imsaxu- warmoadgens qalaqi borjomi. mineraluri wylebis gar-
rebs yuradRebis gamaxvilebas. da, qalaqis garSemo arsebobs ekologiuri turizmis
saqarTvelo aris transkontinenturi qveyana, rome- ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli nakrZalebi. TbilisTan
lic mdebareobs aRmosavleT evropisa da dasavleT axlos mravali Tbili samkurnalo, barneologiuri
aziis gasayarze, Savi zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. wyaro mdebareobs. am uZveles (1500 wlis istoriis mqo-
mas CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba ruseTi, samxreTidan ne) qalaqSi mravali istoriuli Zeglia. mag,: lamazi,
TurqeTi da somxeTi, xolo samxreT-aRmosavleTidan ki STambeWdavi Zveli ubnebi. Tbilisis CrdiloeTiT, 20 km-
_ azerbaijani. saqarTvelos dedaqalaqia Tbilisi. 2012 ze mdebareobs qveynis uZvelesi qalaqi (yofili dedaqa-
wlis monacemeebiT misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 4,5 mln laqi) mcxeTa. Cvens qveyanaSi araCveulebrivi taZrebi
kacs, saerTo mSp _ 21,4 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT da eklesiebia. kuTxovani formis qarTuli eklesiebi
mosaxleze ki _ 5000 aSS dolars. misi valutaa lari. organulad aris Serwymuli garemo landSaftTan. isini
saqarTvelo. mkveTrad gansxvavdebian kavkasiis sxva qveynebisaTvis
maxasiaTebeli tipiuri agebulebis eklesiebisagan.
azerbaijanis respublika mdebareobs samxreT kavka-
siis aRmosavleT nawilSi, kaspiis zRvis samxreT-dasav-
leT sanapiroze. mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba ruseTi,
Crdilo-dasavleTiT saqarTvelo, dasavleTiT _ somxe-
Ti, TurqeTi, xolo samxreTiT ki _ irani. azerbaijanis
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis naxiCevanis avtonomiuri respub-
lika da mTiani yarabaRis regionic, Tumca 1990-iani
wlebis yarabaRis omis Semdeg, am regionma gamoacxada
damoukidebloba da masze azerbaijanis iurisdiqcia ar
vrceldeba. azerbaijani unitaruli saxelmwifoa, rome-
lic gaerTianebulia 38 sxvadasxva organizaciaSi.
saqarTveloSi Camoyalibebulia subtropikuli kli- qveynis dedaqalaqia baqo. oficialuri enaa azerbai-
maturi sartylis havis TiTqmis yvela tipi _ notio januli. 2011 wlis monacemebiT, azerbaijanis mosaxle-
subtropikuli, zomierad notio, zomierad mSrali da oba Seadgens 9,1 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 94,3 mlrd aSS
mSrali kontinenturi. es ganpirobebulia misi subtro- dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 10,3 aTas aSS do-
pikuli da zomieri klimaturi sartylebis mijnaze mde- lars. misi valutaa manaTi. oficialuri religia aris
bareobiT, aseve bunebrivi barierebis _ kavkasionisa da islamisturi.
samxreT mTianeTis arsebobiTa da Savi zRvis gavleniT. azerbaijani teritoriulad odiTganve mniSvnelovan
qveynis teritoria mdidaria mineraluri wylis resur- strategiul ganlagebas flobda aziidan evropis _ e.
sebiT. qveyanaSi aRricxulia 102-ze meti klimaturi da w. ~didi abreSumis gzis” mimarTulebiT. aRniSnuli
barneologiuri kurorti. yvelaze cnobil kurorts qveynis istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreoba Camoyalib-
411 412
da sami mezobeli saxelmwifos _ ruseTis, iranisa da bareobs kaspiis zRvis sanapiroze baqodan 300 km-is da-
TurqeTis zegavlenis Sedegad. qveynis ZiriTad buneb- SorebiT. klimaturi pirobebis wyalobiT lenqorani
riv simdidres warmoadgens navTobi. navTobis mopovebam aRiarebulia erovnuli parkebiT, nakrZalebiT, gamajan-
da Sxam-qimikatebis gamoyenebam warmoqmna seriozuli saRebeli centrebiTa da unikaluri samedicino vane-
ekologiuri problemebi, rac gadaiqca masobrivi tu- biT. qalaqi_Sirvani aris meRvineobisa da tyavis warmo-
rizmis ganviTarebis xelSemSlel erT-erT mniSvnelo- ebis mniSvnelovani centri. qalaqi _ ganja cnobilia
van faqtorad. amasTan erTad, azerbaijans gaaCnia yve- meCeTebiTa da sasaxleebiT.
la piroba regularuli rekreaciis ganviTarebisaTvis. somxeTis respublika mdebareobs amierkavkasiaSi,
azerbaijani. romelsac aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba azerbaijani, sam-
xreTiT_irani, dasavleTiT _ TurqeTi, xolo Crdiloe-
TiT ki _ saqarTvelo. qveynis dedaqalaqia erevani. ofi-
cialuri enaa somxuri. somxeTi aris unitaruli res-
publika. 2007 wlis monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Sead-
gens 3,2 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 16,8 mlrd aSS dolars,
xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 5,7 aTas aSS dolars. misi
valutaa drami. qveynis oficialuri religiaa qristia-
noba. somxeTis teritoriis 90% mdebareobs zRvis do-
nidan 1000 metrze zeviT (saSualo simaRlea 1830 m). es
qveyana mdidaria mineraluri wylebiT. somxeTi adminis-
traciulad iyofa 11 olqad. qveyana mdebareobs sub-
tropikul zonaSi. aq havis formirebaze did gavlenas
axdens Savi da kaspiis zRvebis siaxlove, gvalviani
Zalian mdidaria qveynis flora da fauna. aq aRi-
iranis da mcire aziis mTianeTebTan mezobloba. zafxu-
ricxeba floris 4000-mde endemuri saxeoba. az-erbai-
lis temperaturaa +250, xolo zamTris _ -50.
janSi Seqmnilia gobustanis, yizilagaCis, Sirvanisa da
somxeTis erovnuli simboloa araratis mTa. igi ga-
sxva nakrZalebi. azerbaijani didi warsulisa da isto-
mosaxulia qveynis gerbze. es mTa gamoxatulia am qvey-
riuli qalaqebis mqone qveyanaa, romelic Tanamedrove
nis popularuli brendis_koniakis etiketzec. somxeTis
etapzec ki inaxavs Suasaukunovan istoriul Zeglebs:
maRal mTebSi, zRvis donidan 2000 metris simaRleze,
Sirvan-Sahebis sasaxles, bibi-heibaTis meCeTs, baqos Si-
mdebareobs tba _ sevani, romlis auzic gamocxadebu-
itur meCeTs, momine xaTunis mavzoleums da minareTebs.
lia sevanis erovnul parkad. igi warmoadgens dasvene-
Tanamedrove baqosa da misi mimdebare qalaqebis mniS-
bis popularul adgils. aq bevria samkurnalo-minera-
vnelovan turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs warmoadgens
luri wyaro, romlis safuZvelze funqcionirebs sam-
muzeumebi, baRebi, skverebi da xeivnebi. azerbaijanis
kurnalo kurortebi. somxeTi uZvelesi qveyanaa, romel-
erT-erT Zvel qalaqs warmoadgens lenqorani. igi mde-
mac erT-erTma pirvelma miiRo qristianuli sarwmunoe-
413 414
ba. aq arsebobs religiuri aRmsareblobis mravali Zeg- dedaqalaqia grozno. mas esazRvreba inguSeTi, Crdilo-
li _ taZrebi, monastrebi da eklesiebi. bevri maTgani eT oseTi, stavropolis mxare, daRestani da saqarTve-
mdebareobs erevanSi. msoflios somxeTi axsovs 1915 lo. igi dafuZnda 1922 wlis 30 noembers. 2009 wlis mo-
wlis eTnikuri somxebis genocidiT. maT sapativcemu- nacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 1,3 mln kacs. sa-
lod erevanSi daidga memoriali, romlis mosanaxuleb- xelmwifo enaa CeCnuri da rusuli. qveynis religiaa
lad qveyanaSi Camodis mravali turisti da stumari. 1 sunituri islami. aq Caedineba Tergi. CeCneTSi SesaZle-
somxeTi. belia samTo, ekologiuri, samonadireo, saTavgadasav-
lo da sxva saxeobis turizmis ganviTareba, magram CeC-
neTsa da ruseTs Soris daZabuli politikuri urTier-
Toba, periodulad feTqebadi saomari moqmedebebi xels
uSlis aq masobrivi turizmis ganviTarebas.
inguSeTis respublika ruseTis federaciis subieq-
tia, romelic mdebareobs CrdiloeT kavkasiis samxreT
nawilSi. misi dedaqalaqia magasi. inguSeTs esazRvreba
CeCneTi, saqarTvelo da CrdiloeT oseTi. igi Seiqmna
1992 wlis 4 ivniss. oficialuri enebia inguSuri da
rusuli. 2008 wlis monacemebiT, misi mosaxleoba Sead-
gens 0,5 mln kacs. valuta aris rusuli rubli. ingu-
SeTSi turizmis ganviTarebas xels uSlis adgilobriv
da inguSeTSi mcxovreb eTnikurad os moqalaqeebs So-
ris ruseTis mier provocirebuli konfliqti. amas ema-
teba CeCneTidan politikur emigranTa mozRvavebac.
daRestnis respublika ruseTis federaciis subieq-
CrdiloeT kavkasiis turistul-rekreaciuli tia, romelic Sedis CrdiloeT kavkasiis federaciuli
mxaris SemadgenlobaSi. misi dedaqalaqia maxaCyala. da-
potenciali
Restans samxreTiT esazRvreba azerbaijani, samxreT-da-
savleTiT_saqarTvelo, dasavleTiT_CeCneTi, Crdilo--
Tanamedrove CrdiloeT (imier) kavkasiis regionSi
dasavleTiT_stavropolis mxare, xolo CrdiloeTiT ki
Sedis ruseTis samxreTuli regionebi _ CeCneTi, ingu-
_ yalmuxeTis respublika. igi aris ruseTis udidesi
SeTi da daRestnis respublika.
respublika CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi. aq mravalerovani
CeCneTis respublika aris ruseTis federaciis subi-
xalxi cxovrobs. amitom oficialuri enebia rusuli,
eqti, romelic mdebareobs CrdiloeT kavkasiaSi. misi
azerbaijanuli, CeCnuri da a. S. am qveynis mosaxleoba
Seadgens 2,87 mln kacs. daRestnis mniSvnelovani qala-
1 www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного qebia derbenti, maxaCyala, didoeTi,
туризма.
415 416
daRestanSi xelsayrelia aramarto gasarTobi da ro zoli savsea oqros qviSiT. norvegia turistebisaT-
samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli turizmis ganviTareba, vis warmoadgens erT-erT yvelaze popularul qveyanas.
aramed kulturul-istoriuli RonisZiebebis Catarebac. daniisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia saocrad rbili, zomieri
derbents gaaCnia 5000 wliani istoria. misi saxelwode- Crdilo-kontinenturi proatlantikuri klimati. turis-
ba_~derbenti” (dar-band) qarTulad niSnavs ~karibWes”. tebis dainteresebas iwvevs daniis kunZulebi. espaneTis
derbenti aramarto istoriuli warsuliT aris cnobi- turistuli ~meqqa” xmelTaSua zRvis kunZulebia. valen-
li, aramed igi aris samxreT daRestanis ekonomikuri siis samxreTiT mdebareobs ~TeTri sanapiro”. espaneTi
da kulturuli centric. aq ganviTarebulia tyavis, aris saganmanaTleblo turizmis centri.
Rvinisa da koniakis uZvelesi warmoeba. qalaqis siZve- gibraltari xdeba curvis sportis aRiarebul cen-
le da unikaluri bunebrivi pirobebi derbents xdis trad. turistebs izidavT aqauri maRaziebi (Sopingi),
turistebisaTvis mimzidvel adgilad. qalaqis erT-erT radganac aq saqonelze fasebi bevrad ufro dabalia,
RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens maRal mTebSi mdebare vidre evropis sxva qveynebSi. portugaliis umTavres
unikaluri cixe-simagre. gare samyarosagan mas aSorebs turistul resurss warmoadgens lisaboni, romelic
mxolod 40 metris sigrZisa da 5 metris siganis patara moicavs arqiteqturul da dekoratiul RirsSesaniSna-
gasasvleli. swored amitom cixe-simagre auRebeli iyo obebs. parizis saukeTeso Rirseba aris eifelis koSki.
im droindeli mtrisaTvis. daRestnis ostatebis mier msoflios brwyinvale muzeumia luvri, romelic fran-
damzadebuli vercxlis nakeTobani aRiarebulia mTel guli arqiteqturuli renesansis epoqis saukuTeso Se-
msoflioSi. devria. safrangeTi Rvinis damzadebis aRiarebuli cen-
samwuxarod, Tanamedrove etapze CrdiloeT kavkasi- tria. es qveyana iTvleba samTo-saTxilamuro turizmis
is rekreaciuli potenciali arasrulad aris aTvisebu- ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan centrad.
li. turizmis sustad ganviTarebis mizezs warmoadgens italiis mniSvnelovan bunebriv-klimatur resurss
Semdegi faqtorebi: 1. ruseTTan daZabuli politikuri warmoadgens xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimati. regionu-
urTierToba; 2. kerZo sakuTrebis daucveloba; 3. regio- li turizmi italiaSi viTardeba bunebrivi pirobebisa
nis ekonomikuri arastabiluroba; 4. servisis dabali da istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis arsebobis Sesabami-
do-ne; 5. komunikaciebis ganuviTarebloba; 6. ekologiu- sad. florencia udides mxatvarTa, mweralTa, mecnier-
ri problemebi. Ta da moqandakeTa samSobloa, romelTa ricxvs gane-
kuTvneba: botiCeli, leonardo da vinCi, miqelanjelo,
reziume: galileo galilei da sxvebi. toskana warmoadgens im
turistTa interesis sferos, romelTac uyvarT xelov-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri- neba, gansxvavebuli samzareulo da Rvino. slovenia
siT evropaSi uaRresad didi roli akisria evrokav- aris ~evropis mwvane kuTxe”, mis turistul RirsSesa-
Sirs. fineTs gaaCnia Zvirfasi arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. niSnaobebs ganekuTvneba arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, sam-
SvedeTSi Zveli flora da fauna xarobs adgilobriv locveloebi da balneologiuri kurortebi.
mkvidrTa sacxovrebel saxlebTan axlos. zRvis sanapi-
417 418
xorvatiaSi bevri bunebrivi turistuli RirsSesa- Si turistebi SeiZleba Sexvdnen mTis kurortebs, rome-
niSnaobaa, romelic yovelwliurad izidavs aTasobiT lic gamiznulia sazafxulo dasvenebisa da zamTris
turists. xorvatiis saxelmwifoSi ramdenime daculi saxeobis sportisaTvis. bulgareTi cnobilia saTxila-
teritoriaa. calke aRniSvnas saWiroebs brionis arqipe- muro kurortebiT.
lagi, romelic odiTganve warmoadgenda evropel aris- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
tokratTa dasvenebis prestiJul adgils. serbeTsa da siT, danarCeni msofliosaTvis jer kidev saTanadod ar
montenegros gaaCnia uZvelesi marTlmadidebluri tra- aris Seswavlili ruseTi, ukraina, baltiispireTisa da
diciebi. saberZneTSi mWidrod aris gadajaWvuli er- kavkasiis regionis qveynebi. ruseTi flobs udides Se-
TmaneTTan antikuri, Suasaukunovani da Tanamedrove saZleblobebs turistebis mozidvisaTvis. amas xels
epoqis RirsSesaniSnaobani. saberZneTSi turizmisadmi uwyobs mravalferovani turistuli resursebis arsebo-
moTxovnas qmnis berZneuli bewveulis nawarmisa da Rvi- ba, ruseTis mdidari kulturul-istoriuli warsuli,
nis yidvis survili. maltaSi kulturuli turizmi da- didi da naklebaddasaxlebuli teritoriebi, sadac Se-
kavSirebulia tradiciul stumarTmoyvareobasTan. ger- monaxulia veluri buneba. sanqt-peterburgSi turiste-
maniaSi turistuli moTxovna ganpirobebulia saqmiani bis yuradRebas imsaxurebs zamTris sasaxle, qalaqgare
mogzaurobiT, saganmanaTleblo da elitaruli turiz- sasaxleebi da parkebi, samefo ojaxis sazafxulo re-
miT. did britaneTSi ganviTarebulia saqmiani turizmi, zidencia, petergofi _ rusuli xelovnebis centri. ru-
istoriuli Zeglebis daTvalierebis mizniT ganxorcie- seTis mineraluri wylebis (kavkasiuri) raioni ikavebs
lebuli eqskursiebi, dasveneba provinciebSi da saganma- stavropolis mxaris samxreT nawils. igi mdebareobs
naTleblo turizmi. mTavari kavkasiuri qedis CrdiloeT ferdobze. kavkasi-
luqsemburgis sahercogo aris biznes-turizmis cen- is mineraluri wylebis raioni Zalze gavrcobilia,
tri. Sveicaria Seucvlelia Tavisi samTo-saTxilamuro magram masSi Semavali kislovodis, esentukis, rkinis
kurortebiT da saganmanaTleblo turizmiT. avstria wyalis kurortebi mdebareobs sakmaod kompaqturad.
iTvleba samTo-saTxilamuro turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvnelovan samkurnalo Tvisebas amJRavnebs qalaqi _
TvalsazrisiT, erT-erT yvelaze popularul qveynad. soCa.
poloneTi izidavs istoriis moyvarulebs mravalricx- litvaSi bevri arqiteqturuli Zeglia. kerZod, ese-
ovani arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT. CexeTSi turistebs nia: Zveli rigis raioni, saxlis tipis sakaTedro taZa-
izidavT praRis istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobani, mkurna- ri, wminda petres, wminda iakobisa da wminda ioanes ek-
loba Termul kurortebze, slovakeTis mniSvnelovani lesiebi. vilniusis yvelaze mniSvnelovan arqiteqtu-
turistuli Rirsebaa tatris mTebi, romelic warmoad- rul kompleqss warmoadgens qalaqis Zveli ubnebi. es-
gens karpatis yvelaze maRal mTaTa sistemas. budapeS- toneTi turistebs izidavs Tavisi arqiteqturuli Rir-
ti cnobilia aramarto istoriul-kulturul centrad, sSesaniSnaobiT, unikaluri bunebrivi nakrZalebiT, ga-
aramed sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebaTa Catarebis adgi- majansaRebeli kurortebiT.
ladac. ungreTis mniSvnelovani turistuli resursia ukrainis yvelaze cnobil RirsSesaniSnaobas warmo-
balatonis tbis sakurorto zona. karpatis yvela zona- adgens oqros karibWe da wminda sofias taZari, kievis
419 420
istoriul-arqiteqturul ZeglTa kompleqsi, damouki- 2. SvedeTis dedaqalaqi aris:
deblobis centraluri maidani, wminda andria pirvel- a) helsinki;. b) stokholmi;
wodebulis eklesia. Tanamedrove etapze kavkasiis rek- g) oslo; d) kopenhageni.
reaciuli potenciali arasrulad aris gamoyenebuli. 3. daniis avtonomiuri olqia:
saqarTvelos teritoria mdidaria mineraluri a) fareris kunZulebi; b) grenlandia;
wylis resursebiT. qveyanaSi aRricxulia 100-ze meti g) iberiis naxevarkunZuli; d) kanaris kunZulebi.
klimaturi da barneologiuri kurorti. yvelaze cno- 4. msoflioSi yvelaze didi kunZuli aris:
bil kurorts warmoadgens qalaqi borjomi, romelic a) fareris kunZulebi; b) grenlandia;
mdebareobs mdinare mtkvaris ulamazes mdeloze. mine- g) iberiis naxevarkunZuli; d) kanaris kunZulebi.
raluri wylebis garda, qalaqis garSemo arsebobs eko- 5. monakos dedaqalaqi. aris:
logiuri turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli nak- a) florencia; b) triesta;
rZalebi. azerbaijanis buneba Zalian mdidaria. aq aRi- g) andora; d) monte-karlo.
ricxeba floris 4000-mde endemuri saxeoba. azerbaijan- 6. aralis zRvasTan mdebareobs:
Si Seqmnilia Sirvanisa da sxva nakrZalebi. somxeTSi a) uzbekeTi; b) litva; g) latvia; d) estoneTi.
religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis winapirobebs qmnis 7. aRmosavleT evropaSi, mdebareobs:
am qveyanaSi moqmedi taZrebi, monastrebi da eklesiebi. a) uzbekeTi; b) litva;
g) moldaveTi; d) yirgizeTi.
ZiriTadi terminologia: 8. estoneTis dedaqalaqi aris:
a) riga; b) talini;
- ~daniis baRi”; g) vilniusi; d) yirgizeTi;
- ~mwvane espaneTi”;
- ~TeTri sanapiro”;
- `mzis sanapiro”;
- ~wmida ojaxis” sakurorto centri;
- eliseis turistuli zona;
- franguli riviera;
- `la skalas” opera;
- ~daxuruli qalaqebi”;
- ~oqros wris” marSruti.
testebi:
1. TavianTi gonebrivi horizontis gafarToeba aintere-

sebT evropeli turistebis:
a) 20%-s; b) 60%-s; g) 10%-s; d) 70%-s.
421 422
Tavi 9. CrdiloeT amerikis regionis turistuli
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Ta- potenciali
viseburebani amerikaSi
CrdiloeT amerikas ganekuTvneba aSS, kanada, meqsika
rogorc avRniSneT CrdiloeT amerikis kontinenti da grenlandia.
mdebareobs dedamiwis CrdiloeT da dasavleT naxevar-
sferoSi, xolo samxreT amerika ki mdebareobs dedami-
wis dasavleT da samxreT naxevarsferoSi. Tanamedrove amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis turistuli
etapze, turizmis ganviTarebis mixedviT, amerika meore potenciali
adgils iWers evropis Semdeg. dedamiwis am nawilis
sxvadasxvagvari turistuli resursi ganapirobebs tu- amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi (aSS) aris federalu-
rizmis mravali saxeobis ganviTarebas. rogorc cnobi- ri saxelmwifo, romelic moicavs 50 Stats, 1 avtonomi-
lia, amerika ~SecdomiT” aRmoaCines mogvianebiT. es ~u- ur olqs (kolumbias) da 14 damoukidebel teritorias.
didesi geografiuli Secdoma” dauSva qristefore ko- federaciis subieqtebi geografiulad 9 regions qmnian.
lumbma 1492 wels. kolumbi micuravda indoeTSi, magram misi teritoriis udidesi nawili mdebareobs Crdilo-
~SecdomiT” igi aRmoCnda amerikaSi, swored es regioni eT amerikis centralur nawilSi, atlantisa da wynar
cnobilia “vest-indoeTis” saxelwodebiT. okeaneebs Soris. mas CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba kanada,
rogorc am samyaros nawili, amerika Sedgeba ori xolo samxreTidan ki _ meqsika. alaskas Stati mdebare-
ZiriTadi sub-regionisagan. esenia: 1. CrdiloeT- da 2. obs kontinentis ukidures CrdiloeT nawilSi, kanadis
laTinuri amerika. laTinuri amerika, Tavis mxriv, moi- dasavleTiT da ruseTis aRmosavleTiT. amerikis dakav-
cavs centralur da samxreT amerikas. amerikas miekuT- Sireba ruseTTan xdeba beringis srutis meSveobiT. ha-
vneba kunZulovani qveynebi da karibis auzis teritori- vais Stati aris wynari okeanis centralur nawilSi
ebi. CrdiloeTi da centraluri amerika, upirveles mdebare arqipelagi. amerika flobs teritoriebs kari-
yovlisa, warmodgenilia sami umsxvilesi qveynis: ameri- bis zRvaSi da wynar okeaneSi. qveynis farTobi Sead-
kis SeerTebuli Statebis, kanadisa da meqsikis saxiT. gens 9,83 mln km2-s. igi sididiT mesame qveyanaa ruseTi-
turizmma agreTve ganviTareba hpova centraluri ameri- sa da kanadis Semdeg. 2008 wlis monacemebiT, aSS-Si
kis patara saxelmwifoebSic_ kosta-rikaSi, belizSi da cxovrobs 309 mln kaci, misi saerTo mSp Seadgens 13,7
sxvebSi. CrdiloeT amerikis yvelaze ufro ganviTare- trln aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 43,4
bul qveyanas warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli State- aTas aSS dolars.
bi. amerika msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze multikul-
turuli qveyanaa. mravali ekonomikuri maCveneblebis
mixedviT aSS pirvel adgils ikavebs msoflioSi. qvey-
nis mkvidri mosaxleoba aziuri warmoSobisaa. isini aq
423 424
mravali aTasi wlis win Camosaxldnen. amerikis SeerTe- poveba yvela is bunebrivi resursi, rac aucilebelia
buli Statebi daaarses cametma britanulma koloniam Tanamedrove sazogadoebisaTvis. alaska da meqsikis yu-
1776 wlis 4 ivliss. aSS-m Seqmna pirveli birTvuli ia- ris mimdebare Statebi qveyanas mTlianad uzrunvelyo-
raRi. is aris gaero-s uSiSroebis sabWos mudmivi wev- fen navTobiTa da bunebrivi airiT. msoflios sami udi-
ri. aSS-s sazRvao sazRvris sigrZe Seadgens 19,9 aT km- desi kompania _ ~jeneral motorsi”, ~fordi” da ~eqso-
s, xolo saxmeleTo ki _9,7 aT km-s. am qveynis mTaTa ni” amerikulia. amerika liderobs eleqtronikis, prog-
sistema moicavs oki-maunTins, siera-nevadasa da apala- ramuli uzrunvelyofisa da bioteqnologiebis bazar-
Cebs. qveynis umaRlesi mwvervalia mak-kinli (6194 m). ze. am dargebSi bevri mniSvnelovani gamogoneba moxda
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. aSS-s kosmosuri da Tav-dacvis mrewvelobis ganviTare-
bis Sedegad.
aSS-s mosaxleoba Camoyalibda adgilobrivi abori-
genebisa da imigrantebis Serevis Sedegad. mas oficia-
lurad aRiarebuli saxelmwifo ena ar aqvs, magram am
rols asrulebs inglisuri ena, xolo gavrcelebuli
enebia espanuri, franguli, Cinuri da germanuli. reli-
giuri TvalsazrisiT amerikelTa 52% protestantia,
24%_kaTolike, 3%_ marTlmadidebeli, 1%_ musulmani,
xolo 1% ki _ iudaisti.
aSS-s dedaqalaqia vaSingtoni, xolo mTavari qala-
qebia niu-iorki, los-anjelesi, Cikago, hiustoni, fila-
delfia, san diego, dalasi da san-xose. aSS mdidaria
bunebrivi da mineraluri resursebiT: qvanaxSiri, spi-
lenZi, tyvia, fosfatebi, urani, boqsitebi, oqro, rkina,
vercxliswyali, nikeli, vercxli, volframi, TuTia,
navTobi, bunebrivi airi da saSeni xe-tye. qveynis valu-
taa aSS dolari. aSS-s saeqsportod gaaqvs TviTmfrina-
vebi, avtomobilebi, qimikatebi, qvanaxSiri, samanqano
arizona cxeli udabnoa, xolo oregoni qveynis yve- mowyobilobebi, navTobi, simindi da xorbali. aSS-s
laze teniani mxarea. didma mdinareebma koloradom da pirveli prezidenti iyo jorj vaSingtoni. 1963 wels
sneikma qedebSi Rrma kanionebi da xeobebi gaTxares. mokles qveynis prezidenti _ jon kenedi. amerikas 1974
aSS awarmoebs TiTqmis yvela saxis sasoflo-sameurneo wlamde marTavda riCard niqsoni. sabWoTa kavSiris
da samrewvelo saqonels. aq msoflioSi yvelaze meti daSlis Semdeg aSS gadaiqca terorizmisa da totali-
simindi, soia, pomidori, forToxali, atami, yveli da tarizmis winaaRmdeg mebrZol zesaxelmwifod. 2001
saqonlisa Tu frinvelis xorci iwarmoeba. aSS-Si moi- wlis oqtomberSi amerikam daiwyo Talibebis winaaR-
425 426
mdeg brZola avRaneTSi, xolo 2003 wlis martSi sadam inis erovnuli parki, glasier-beis erovnuli parki, Ta-
huseinis winaaRmdeg _ eraySi. Rebis erovnuli parki, mesa-verdes erovnuli parki,
aSS mniSvnelovnad gansazRvravs danarCeni msofli- olimpikis erovnuli parki, redvudis erovnuli parki,
os cxovrebis wess. pirvelad amerikam Seqmna telefoni, sekvoias erovnuli parki, sikvdilis velis parki.
eleqtrooba, televizia, kompiuteri, interneti, atomu- aSS-Si turistebis udides dainterebas iwvevs dis-
ri bombi, swrafi kvebis restornebi, sakredito baraTe- neilendi, alaskis mTebi, karslbadis mRvimeebis erov-
bi da jinsebi. amerikuli kino-industria, jazi, roki nuli parki, ist-riveris srute, denjeris mRvime, aSS-is
da repi Tanamedrove msoflio kulturis safuZvelia, virjiniis kunZulebi, guami, beikeris kunZuli, long-ai-
romelic gavlenas axdens sxvadasxva qveynisa da xal- lendi, wminda lavrentisa da havais kunZulebi. los-an-
xis kulturis Camoyalibebaze. aSS-s bunebriv Zeglebs jelesis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs warmoadgens:
ganekuTvneba iosemaitis erovnuli parki. amerikis Rir- holivudis didebis xeivani, iosemitis CanCqeri, monumen-
sSesaniSnaobebs warmoadgens: damoukideblobis darba- tis xeoba, iumas udabno.
zi filadelfiaSi, Tavisuflebis qandakeba niu-iorkSi, amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi iuneskos msoflio
maunT-vernoni da singis melnis sadgari, memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Sedis: glasier-beis
niu-iorkis arqiteqturul RirsSesaniSnaobebs gane- erovnuli parki, damoukideblobis darbazi, didi kani-
kuTvneba: bruklinis xidi, empair-steit bildingi, val- onis erovnuli parki, didi kvamliani mTebis erovnuli
dorf-astoria, vuluorz bildingi, kraisler bildin- parki, evergleidis erovnuli parki, vaterton-glasie-
gi, manhetenis municipaluri Senoba, manhetenis xidi, ris mSvidobis saerTaSoriso parki, virjiniis univer-
metlaif bildingi, metropoliten laif-tauveri, msof- siteti, vrangel-wminda elias erovnuli parki, Tavi-
lio savaWro centri, niu-iork taimz bildingi, niu-i- suflebis qandakeba, ieloustounis erovnuli parki,
orkis sajaro biblioTeka, niu-iorkis caTambjenebi, iosemitis erovnuli parki, karslbadis mRvimeebis
riversaidis taZari, rokfeleris centri, sigram bil- erovnuli parki, kahokia, la-fortalesa, mamontis mRvi-
dingi, sitigrup centri, flatiron bildingi, fridom mis erovnuli parki, mesa-verdes erovnuli parki, monti-
tauveri, wminda ioane RvTismetyvelis sakaTedro taZa- Celo, olimpikis erovnuli parki, zRvis erovnuli ma-
ri, wminda patrikis sakaTedro taZari, jeneral eleq- nomenti, redvudis erovnuli parki, san-xuanis istoriu-
trikis Senoba da herst-tauveri. li raioni, taos-pueblo, Cakos erovnuli-istoriuli
aSS-is Senoba-nagebobebs ganekuTvneba: sastumroebi, parki da havais vulkanebis erovnuli parki,
gasarTobi parkebi, caTambjenebi, xidebi da hidroeleq- aSS-Si ucxoel turistebs izidavs filadelfiaSi
trosadgurebi, xolo aSS-is popularul arqiteqtu- mdebare rodenis muzeumi, uitnis amerikuli xelovnebis
rul Senoba-nagebobebs ganekuTvneba: eris arxi, ilinoi- muzeumi, aSS-is gasarTobi parkebi, Cikagos aTaswleu-
sis istoriuli arxi, kapitoliumi, speis-nidli, statas lis parki. amerika iTvleba saganmanaTleblo turizmis
centri, uilis tauveri, Cikagos arqiteqturuli skola mniSvnelovan centrad. aq mdebareobs iseTi prestiJuli
da jon henkokis centri. aSS-is parkebs ganekuTvneba: universitetebi, romlebic izidaven bevr ucxoel stu-
samois erovnuli parki, aSS-is erovnuli parkebi, biske- dents. kerZod, esenia: harvardis, kaliforniis, kolum-
427 428
biis, niu-iorkis, prinstonis, stenfordis, vaSingtonis sacxovrebel adgils, erTi Statidan meoreSi gadasax-
virjiniisa da ielis universitetebi, lebis dros. es asaxvas hpoulobs amerikelTa dasvene-
amerikis SeerTebul Statebs gaaCnia gansakuTrebu- bis Taviseburebebzec. dasvenebis yvelaze popularul
li bunebrivi da istoriul-ekonomikuri Tavisebureba- saxeobas warmoadgens trailerebiT mgzavroba. aSS-Si
ni. aq mdebareobs apalaCebis saSualo simaRlis mTebi. turistebis rekreaciul moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofile-
samxreTidan CrdiloeTiT miedinebian haeris masebi, robis mizniT Seiqmna avtomagistralis qseli, romelic
melic ar xvdeba Semxvedr nakadebs. yovelive es regi- maT saSualebas aZlevs gadakveTon qveyana nebismieri
onSi iwvevs amindis swraf cvlilebas. amerikel ers mimarTulebiT, raTa maT SesaZlebloba hqondeT daw-
xSirad uwodeben ~mcurav xalxs”, imis gamo, rom igi Ca- vrilebiT gaecnon amerikis yvela kuTxes. am mizniT ax-
moayaliba mTeli msofliodan Camosul imigrantTa na- denen gasarTobi parkebis, kempingebis, turizmisa da
kadma. amitom, aSS-Si adgili aqvs sxvadasxva erovnuli dasvenebis zonebis organizebas. cnobilia, rom amerika-
kulturis elementTa Serwymas. amerikis SeerTebuli Si yvelaze grZeli rkinigzaa mTel msoflioSi. ro-
Statebi maRalurbanizebuli qveyanaa. qalaqis mcxov- gorc specialistebi aRniSnaven, bolo dros qveyanaSi
rebTa wili aWarbebs qveynis saerTo mosaxleobis 70%- gaizarda interesi sarkinigzo mgzavrobisadmi. mag., di-
s. di popularobiT sargeblobs sarkinigzo marSruti
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis Tavisebur RirsSesa- ~transamerika” (12 dRiani mogzauroba vaSingtonidan
niSnaobas warmoadgens didi urbanuli sivrce. qalaqe- los-anjelesSi, Carlstonis, niu-orleanis, san-antoni-
bis simravle qmnis aglomeracias, romelmac miiRo osa da el-pasos gavliT).
~metropoliuri arealis” saxelwodeba. calkeul teri- amerikaSi gare turizmze ufro ganviTarebulia Si-
toriaze Camoyalibda gaSlili urbanizaciuli velebi, da turizmi. ucxoel turistTa yvelaze meti nakadi mo-
romelmac miiRo megapolisis saxelwodeba. amgvarad, edineba mosazRvre meqsikidan da kanadidan. amerikaSi
qalaq bostonidan vaSingtonamde gadaWimulma urbani- saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTareba dakavSirebulia aq
zaciulma raionma miiRo megapolisi ~bosvaSis” saxel- bevri iseTi didi qalaqis gaSenebasTan, rogoricaa: ni-
wodeba. udides tbaTa raionSi Camoyalibda megapolisi u-iorki, vaSingtoni, maiami, los-anjelesi, san-francis-
~Cipitsi” (Cikago-pitsburgi), xolo aSS-s dasavleTiT ko, las-vegasi da sxvebi.
gaSlili urbanizaciuli teritoria, romelic gadaWi- niu-iorki warmoadgens aSS-s erT-erT mniSvnelovan
mulia san -diegodan san-franciskomde, cnobilia mega- safinanso, ekonomikur, politikur da kulturul
polisi ~san-san”-is saxelwodebiT. magram amerikis gan- centrs. aq aris qveynis mTavari porti. niu-iorkis savi-
saxlebis sistemas unda daematos qveynis mTel terito- zito baraTia Tavisuflebis qandakeba. aSS-s finansuri
riaze ganfenili ~erTsarTuliani” kotejebi, romelic siZlieris simbolod iTvleba uol-striti. aq ganlage-
xorcs asxams amerikelTa ocnebas _ flobdnen sakuTar bulia birJebi, bankebi da sabrokero firmebi. qalaqis
dasasvenebel saxls. yvelaze cnobili RirsSesaniSnaobaa gaero-s Stab-bina
amerikeli xalxi mobiluria. misi moqalaqeebi, sida niu-iorkis safondo birJa. niu-iorkSi kidev arse-
cocxlis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme icvlian TavianT bobs bevri sxva eqskluziuri adgilic. qalaqis cno-
429 430
bil RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens bruklinis grandi- nawils kveTs qveynis yvelaze wyaluxvi mdinare _ misi-
ozuli (ori kilometris sigrZis mqone) xidi, romelic sipi.
manhetens aerTebs long-ailendTan. turistebSi mniSvnelovan interess iwvevs samxreT
turistebs uyvarT qalaqis centralur parkSi das- Statebis bunebrivi da socialur-kulturuli RirsSe-
veneba. aq maT SeuZliaT daaTvalieron manhetenis Zir- saniSnaobani. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis samxreT-
Zveli geologiuri RirsSesaniSnaobani. niu-iorki cno- aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs floridis Stati, romelic
bilia Tanamedrove xelovnebis muzeumebiT, amerikel cnobilia rogorc amerikeli moqalaqeebis, ise ucxoe-
indielTa xelovnebis SedevrebiT da a. S. turistebi- Tidan Camosuli turistebis dasvenebisaTvis mimzidvel
saTvis niu-iorkis metropoliteni warmoadgens erTi raionad. maiami am Statis samxreTiT mdebare qalaqia.
raionidan meore, maTTvis sasurvel raionSi yvelaze igi cnobilia lamazi plaJebiT, palmebiT, sastumroe-
iafad da swrafad gadaadgilebis saSualebas. niu-ior- biT, cnobil pirTa saxlebiTa da vilebiT. floridis
kSi cxovrobs mravali erovnebis adamiani. mag., Cinuri centralur nawilSi mdebareobs qalaqi orlando, ro-
kvartali ~Cainatauni” cnobilia Tavisi restornebiT, melic cnobilia saojaxo dasvenebis unikaluri cen-
sadac turistebs SeuZliaT iafad miirTvan gemrieli triT ~disneis samyaros” saxelwodebiT. am Statis sam-
saWmelebi. xreTiT gaSenebulia evergleidis erovnuli parki. cxe-
vaSingtoni mdebareobs kolumbiis mxareSi, romlis li tropikuli klimatisa da Warbi naleqianobis piro-
ZiriTad RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens TeTri saxli, bebSi aq Camoyalibda unikaluri bunebrivi kompleqsi.
kapitoliumi, aSS-s erovnuli muzeumi. mravali turis- zRvis sanapiros gaswvriv mimdebare teritoriaze gaSe-
ti midis dasasveneblad kanadis sazRvrispira tbis mim- nebulia eqstremali turistebisaTvis gauvali adgile-
debare teritoriaze. es raioni daaarses fermerebma, bis mqone specialuri tye.
magram misi aRmavlobis gadamwyvet faqtorad iqca mravalricxovan turists izidavs dasavleT State-
mrewvelobis ganviTareba. am tbispira qalaqebs Soris bis buneba da RirsSesaniSnaobani. los-anjelesi aris
ufro metad ganviTarda Cikago birJebis, korporaciebis kaliforniis Statis umsxvilesi qalaqi. los-anjelesi-
Stab-binebisa da caTambjenebis raodenobis mixedviT. sa da mis mimdebare teritoriebze gaSenebul raionTa
tbis sanapiros samxreT nawili aSS-s erT-erTi yvelaze yvelaze saukeTeso RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens ho-
mWidrod dasaxlebuli adgilia. aq mohyavT simindi. livudi_kinos, televiziisa da radios saocari qalaqi;
amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis Crdilo-aRmosavle- beverli-hilzi mdidrebis, musikisa da kino-varskvlav-
TiT mdebareobs axali inglisis regioni, romelic da- Ta sacxovrebeli elitaruli qalaqi; disneilendi _ 60
arsda evropeli dampyroblebis mier. mxaris ekonomikis atraqcionis Semcveli parki. kaliforniis StatSi tu-
ganviTarebis materialur safuZvels warmoadgens Sida ristebis intensiurad Camosvlis Sedegad daarsda oke-
turizmi. axali inglisi amerikis inteleqtualuri cen- anis srutis gaswvriv mdebare qalaqebs Soris yvelaze
tria. bostonSi mdebareobs sayovelTaod cnobili har- lamazi qalaqi san-francisko, romlis centraluri da-
vardis universiteti, xolo niu-heivenSi_ielis univer- saxleba da biznes-centri urTierTdakavSirebulia
siteti. amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis kontinentalur mZlavri xidebiT. maT Sorisaa ~oqros karebi”.
431 432
mosaxleobis raodenobis mixedviT, amerikis SeerTe- neologiuri wylebi. religiuri turizmis Tvalsazri-
bul Statebs Soris yvelaze didi Statia kalifornia. siT mimzidvelia iutas Stati. qveynis kontinenturi na-
mis RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens erovnuli bunebrivi wilis gareTY mdebareobs havaisa da alaskas Statebi.
Zeglebi. zafxulobiT haeris temperatura aq aRwevs havais kunZulebi mdebareobs wynar okeaneSi, romelic
+600-s, xolo zamTarSi ki klimati Zlier susxiania. warmoadgens amerikul ~meqas” turistebisaTvis. havais
zafxulSi haeris cxeli masebisa da zamTris autaneli kunZulebi warmoiqmna vulkanis amofrqvevis Sedegad. aq
susxis monacvleoba am regionSi gazafxulisa da Se- turistebis mozidvas ganapirobebs wylis sporti (raf-
modgomis sezonze iwvevs gamanadgurebel, intensiur qa- tingi, curva) da mzis abazanebi. gamartivebuli jvris-
riSxals. weris mizniT havais kunZulebze midian Seyvarebuli
nevadas dasavleTiT kaliforniaSi 1500 metris si- wyvilebi. alaskas StatSi mdebareobs mravali gigantu-
maRleze gaSenebulia erovnuli parki, romelic gaixsna ri mTa, myinvarwveri da mdinare, romelic Caedineba an-
1890 wels tyis masivebis dacvis mizniT. am parkSi gaSe- tarqtikis yinulovan okeaneSi. am Statis Semosavlis
nebuli xeebi gigantur zomebs aRweven _ daaxloebiT erT-erT mniSvnelovan wyaros warmoadgens turizmi.
100 m simaRlisa da 10 m-iani diametris odenobiT. miuxe- alaskas aeroporti, tvirTbrunvis mixedviT, erT-erTi
davad imisa, rom aSS-is samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare umsxvilesi aeroportia mTel amerikaSi. Stats gaaCnia
udabnoebs ukavia udidesi teritoriebi, aq dasaxlebu- rva erovnuli parki, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis
lia saerTo mosaxleobis mxolod 5%. arizonas StatSi bevri macxovrebeli Tavis mivlinebas swored alaskaze
kolorados platoze mdebareobs msoflioSi erT-erTi atarebs.
yvelaze Rrma da didi gamoqvabuli. kolorados mdina- aq dasvenebis popularul saxeobas warmoadgens
re am xeobas seravs Sua nawilSi. gamoqvabuls gaaCnia Statis sanapiros farglebSi ganxorcielebuli sazR-
sxvadasxva feris cixe-simagris da piramidis msgavsi vao kruizebi. turistebs SeuZliaT aq daaTvalieron
kedlebi. aq erovnuli parki Seiqmna 1919 wels. igi tu- erTmaneTze gadajaWvuli mTebi da myinvarwverebi. ame-
ristebs izidavs msoflios yvela qveynidan. rikis SeerTebuli Statebi iTvleba msoflio turizmis
nevadas StatSi mdebareobs qalaqi las-vegasi, ro- centrad sportis ganviTarebis dargSi. erovnuli hoke-
melmac aRmavloba Tavdapirvelad ganicada samTo biz- isa da kalaTburTis liga, CogburTis prestiJuli sa-
nesis ganviTarebis xarjze. aq aris didi raodenobiT erTaSoriso turnirebi da samTo-saTxilamuro kuror-
sastumroebi da kazinoebi. msoflios 10 umsxvilesi tebi aq izidavs mravali qveynis sportsmenebs da maT
sastumrodan rva mdebareobs las-vegasSi. las-vegasi gulSematkivrebs.
kazinoebis ~samyaroa”. aq aRiricxeba daaxloebiT 500-
mde saTamaSo saxli, romelTagan 30 yvelaze didia
mTel msoflioSi.
aSS-is dasavleTiT mdebareobs ieloustonis erT-
erTi uZvelesi da umsxvilesi erovnuli parki. parkSi
gamoedineba kuW-nawlavis daavadebaTa ganmkurnavi bar-
433 434
kanadis turistuli potenciali da misi gamoye- kanada.
nebis SesaZleblobebi
kanada mdebareobs CrdiloeT amerikis CrdiloeT na-

wilSi, romelsac aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba atlantis
okeane, dasavleTiT_wynari okeane, xolo CrdiloeTiT
ki_Crdilo-yinulovani okeane. farTobis mixedviT
(9,98467 mln km2-iT) mas kontinentze pirveli, xolo
msoflioSi meore adgili ukavia ruseTis Semdeg. kana-
das saxmeleTo sazRvari aqvs samxreTiT mxolod erT
qveyanasTan_aSS-sTan, dasavleTidan ki aSS-s Stat\_a-
laskasTan. qveynis dedaqalaqia otava. udidesi qalaqe-
bia toronto, monreali, vankuveri da kvebeki. oficia-
luri enaa inglisuri da franguli. 2010 wlis monace-
mebiT kanadis mosaxleoba Seadgens 34 mln kacs, saer-
To mSp _ 1,274 trln aSS. dolars, xolo erT mosaxle-
ze mSp ki_38,2 aTas aSS. dolars. qveynis valutaa kana-
duri dolari. am qveyanas saeqsportod gaaqvs avtomo-
bilebi, navTobi, alumini, xe-tye, xorbali, kanadis mo-
saxleobis 71,1% qristiania, danarCeni ki sxvadasxva re- kanadis teritoriaze uZvelesi droidan saxlobdnen
ligiis mimdevaria. adgilobrivi aborigenebi. XV saukunidan safrangeTma
da britaneTma daiwyes kanadis teritoriebis dakaveba.
Tavdapirvelad isini saxlobdnen sanapiro zolSi. mog-
vianebiT maT mTeli qveynis teritoriebi daikaves da
daiwyes brZola hegemonobisaTvis. am mizniT 1756 wels
evropaSi dawyebulma 7-wlianma omma metropoliebis ko-
loniebSi gadainacvla. didma britaneTma kanadis teri-
toriebze mniSvnelovan warmatebas miaRwia. mogvianebiT
man SemoierTa Crdilouri arqtikuli teritoriebi. 1931
wels kanadam didi britaneTisagan miiRo damoukideb-
loba. kanada demokratiul-federaciuli konstituciu-
ri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa. administraciuli Tvalsaz-
risiT qveyana Sedgeba aTi provinciisa da sami terito-
riuli erTeulisagan (mag., alberta, axali Sotlandia,
435 436
britaneTis kolumbia, iukoni, kvebeki, saskaCevani da a. navTobi, bunebrivi airi da a. S. zogierTi sasargeblo
S.). qveyana gaerTianebulia natoSi, did rvianSi, did wiaRiseulis damuSavebiT kanadas msoflioSi pirveli
oceulSi, msoflio savaWro organizaciasa da gaeroSi. adgili ukavia.
adamianis ganviTarebis indeqsiT is ikavebs me-8-e pozi- kanadas yvela piroba aqvs turizmis ganviTarebisaT-
cias. vis: kargad ganviTarebuli kavSirgabmulobis, vaWrobis,
kanadis mosaxleobis 80 % cxovrobs aSS-is sazR- sazogadoebrivi kvebis sfero da satransporto meurne-
vridan 320 kilometriani zonis farglebSi. kanadis sam- oba. am qveynis transportis yvela saxeoba aRWurvilia
xreTiT mosaxleobis simWidrovis gamo, adamianis ze- Tanamedrove teqnikiT, kanada saavtomobilo da sarki-
gavleniT buneba metad Secvlilia, ris gamoc mTebsa nigzo gzebis sigrZiT erT-erTi pirvelia msoflioSi.
da vakeebSi Seqmnilia erovnuli parkebi da nakrZalebi. udidesi navsadgurebia vankuverSi, kvebekSi, aeroporti
maT Soris mTeli kontinentis masStabiT yvelaze didi _ monrealSi. agrobiznesis centria saskaCevani. kanada
nakrZalia vud-bufalo, sadac daculia rogorc tyis, cnobilia iseTi adamianebiT, rogoricaa supermodeli_-
ise stepuri landSafti. aq icaven iSviaTi jiSis frin- pamela andersoni, musikosi_jastin biberi. kanadis cno-
velebsa da cxovelebs. turistebSi did dainteresebas bil arqiteqturul Zeglebs ganekuTvneba: erovnuli ga-
iwvevs monreali da vankuveri. am qveynis mosaxleoba lerea, monrealis RvTismSoblis bazilika da ridos
istoriulad urbanizebulia. gamoirCeva sami urbanize- arxi. kanadis erovnul parkebs ganekuTvneba: gros-mor-
buli zona: 1. didi tbebis sanapiro zoli (hamiltoni, nis erovnuli parki, guai haanasis erovnuli parkis nak-
toronto da otava); 2. kvebekis provincia (monreali, rZali da haidas memkvidreobis Zegli, vud-bufalos,
trua, riveri, kvebeki) da 3. wynari okeanis sanapiro zo- kluanis, miguaSis, nahanis, erovnuli parki da deivi-
li (vankuveri da viqtoria). sis srute.
kanadis erTaderTi saxmeleTo mezobelia aSS. kana- msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Setanilia
dis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs arqtika. kanadis arqti- kanadis Semdegi istoriuli Zeglebi: gros-mornis, vud-
kul nawilSi mdebareobs didi da mcire zomis mravali bufalos, kanadis kldovani mTebis, kluanis, miguaSis,
kunZuli. kanadis CrdiloeTi nawili turizmis ganviTa- nahanis erovnuli parki, guai-haanasis nakrZali da hai-
rebis kuTxiT uvargisia, radganac aq hava Zalian civi das memkvidreobis Zegli, dinozavrebisa da taSenSini-
da susxiania. qveynis dasavleTi nawili ukavia 5000 m alsekis provinciuli parki, vaterton-glasieris mSvi-
simaRlis mqone kordilierebis mTaTa sistemas. kanadi- dobis saerTaSoriso parki, lunenburgi, lans-omedou-
sa da amerikis sazRvarze mdebareobs CrdiloeT ameri- zi, ridos arxi, Zveli kvebeki, joginsi da hed-smeSd-i-
kis yvelaze didi CanCqeri_niagara.. kanada mdidaria ni.
hidroenergoresursebiT, radganac aq moedineba konti- grandiozuli sivrcobrivi ganlagebis garda, kana-
nentis yvelaze wyaluxvi, didi daqanebis mqone mdinare- daSi turistebs izidavs misi bunebrivi landSaftis
ebi. gansakuTrebuli silamaze. qveyanaSi didi raodenobis
kanada mdidaria iseTi bunebrivi resursebiT, rogo- erovnuli parki da nakrZalia, TavianTi myinvarebiT,
ricaa: nikeli, spilenZi, TuTia, rkina, oqro, platina, tbebiT, Termuli wylebiTa da samTo kurortebiT. ota-
437 438
vaSi arsebobs erovnuli galerea, kanadis muzeumi da monreali _ es aris caTambjenebis qalaqi (Cqarmava-
sxvebi. toronto qveynis yvelaze didi qalaqia, romeli magistralebiT) msxvili saerTaSoriso satranspor-
lic yvelaze multikulturulia mTel kanadaSi. misi to centri, qveynis sazRvao da sahaero karibWe. imav-
moqalaqeebi laparakoben TiTqmis 100 enaze. torontoSi droulad es aris mniSvnelovani istoriuli da kul-
mdebareobs samefo muzeumi, Cinuri xelovnebis koleq- turuli centri. qalaqSi bevri arqiteqturuli Zeglia,
ciiT. romelic daTariRebulia ZiriTadad XIX saukunis Sua
kanadas, kunZulebis CaTvliT, msoflioSi yvelaze periodiTa da dasasruliT.
grZeli sanapiro zoli (244 aTasi km) gaaCnia. kanadisa kanadis erT-erT ulamazes provincias warmoadgens
da amerikis sazRvarze mdebareobs msoflioSi yvelaze axali Sotlandia. igi sami mxridan garSemortymulia
didi farTobis mtknari wylis rezervuari _ did tba- okeaniT. provincia cnobilia farTo plaJebiT, uamravi
Ta jgufi. kanadis yoveli raioni SesaniSnavia Tavise- TevzmWeri soflebiTa da erovnuli ZeglebiT. aq aris
burad. ase mag., kanadis aRmosavleTiT mdebare 10 000 ganlagebuli msxvili saiaxto centri da porti. ro-
welze meti xnis istoriis mqone erT-erTi provinciis gorc turistebisaTvis, ise adgilobrivi mosaxleobi-
_ niufaundlendis sanapiroze mdebareobs aizbergebi. saTvis didi popularobiT sargeblobs zRvis sanapiro-
es yinulovani mcuravi ~kunZulebi” gasaocrad lamazi ze Tevzaoba.
sanaxaobaa. adgilobrivma turistulma industriam aiz- provincia _ manitoba sainteresoa mravalferovani
bergebi gadaaqcia am adgilis mTavar RirsSesaniSnao- bunebiT. xSiri da Sereuli tyeebi, mravalricxovani
bad. kanadis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs ramdenime aTeuli tbebi da mdinareebi, CrdiloeTis polaruli tundra _
erovnuli Zegli, dausaxlebeli teritoriebi, didi yvelaferi es qmnis unikalur, ganumeorebel peizaJs am
odenobiT xeluxlebeli da daubinZurebeli tbebi. qvey- adgilebSi. provinciis administraciuli centria vini-
nis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs otava da toron- pegi. qalaqi cnobilia Tavisi kulturuli cxovrebiT.
to. turistebs aq izidavT niagaras CanCqeri.1 masSi bevri muzeumi da Teatria. igi cnobilia popula-
frangul enaze molaparake provincia kvebeki _ kana- ruli samefo baletiT. manitobaSi kidev bevri sxva sa-
dis erT-erTi umsxvilesi administraciul-teritoriu- intereso adgilia. turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia vinipe-
li erTeulia farTobis mixedviT. igi xasiaTdeba mra- gis istoriuli ubani, romelic erT-erTi mniSvnelova-
valferovani peizaJebiT. am regionSi arsebobs ulama- ni savaWro centria. manitoba tbiani mxarea. mis umsxvi-
zesi tyeebi da sanapiro mxareebi. provinciaSi mdebare- les tbas warmoadgens uinipegi.
obs kanadis uZvelesi qalaqebi _ kvebeki da monreali. saskaCevanis provincia aris stepuri da tbiani mxa-
qalaq _ kvebekSi Semonaxulia Sua saukuneebSi agebuli re, kontinenturi klimatiT. is aris kanadis xorblis
laTinuri dasaxlebis raioni, romelic aRiarebulia marcvleulis moyvanis ZiriTadi centri. aq iwarmoeba
iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglad. kanaduri xorblis didi nawili. provinciaSi arsebobs
mravali mdinare da tba. saskaCevanSi cxovrobs germani-
idan, skandinavisa da aRmosavleT evropis qveynebidan
1
emigrirebuli adamianebi. amitom qalaqSi igrZnoba swo-
www.sib-garden.ru/. Международный туризм.
439 440
red am eTnikuri jgufebis erovnuli gavlena. saskaCeva- xarjze am qveynis xelisufleba yovelwliurad iRebs
nis administraciuli centridan _ rejainadan xdeba daaxloebiT 1,7 mlrd. aSS dolars. es maCvenebeli 5-
turebis organizeba sxvadasxva mimarTulebiT. jer aWarbebs im Tanxas (300 mln dolars), romelic yo-
alberta aris kanadis umsxvilesi navTobmompovebe- velwliurad ixarjeba veluri bunebis dacvis progra-
li provincia. es mxare Tavisi lamazi peizaJebiT, da- mebis dasafinanseblad. Sesabamisad, ekoturizmi SeiZ-
savleTiT mdebare kldovani mTebiTa da aRmosavleTis leba gadaiqces kanadis bunebisdacviT RonisZiebaTa da-
bunebis mSvenieri landSaftiT, qmnis turizmis ganviTa- finansebis erT-erT qmediT instrumentad.
rebisaTvis xelsayrel pirobebs. provinciis adminis-
traciul centrs warmoadgens edmontoni, romelic
cnobilia, rogorc CrdiloeT amerikis erT-erTi um- meqsikis turistuli potencialis amoqmedebis
sxvilesi samrewvelo-savaWro centri. albertSi mdeba- gzebi
reobs iseTi mimzidveli adgilebi, rogoricaa: bufalo,
jasperi da sxva. britanuli kolumbia kanadis yvelaze
meqsikis SeerTebuli Statebi CrdiloeT amerikis
dasavluri da maRalmTiani provinciaa. kanadis bevri
kontinentis samxreTiT mdebare federaciuli saxelmwi-
sxva provinciis msgavsad, misTvis damaxasiaTebelia
foa, romelsac CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba yvelaze didi
mravalferovani buneba, lamazi xedebiT. es aris mTis,
saxmeleTo mezobeli qveyana_aSS. meqsikas samxreT-da-
tbebis, mdinareebisa da mindvrebis ~samyaro”.
savleTiT esazRvreba wynari okeane, samxreTiT mas
provinciis mTavar qalaqs warmoadgens CrdiloeT
esazRvreba agreTve gvatemala da belizi. qveynis aRmo-
amerikis ulamazesi, msxvili saporto qalaqi _ vankuve-
savleT sanapiro gaSenebulia karibis zRvisa da meqsi-
ri, romelic mdidaria samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebi-
kis yuris sanapiro zolSi. qveynis farTobi Seadgens 2
Ta da trasebiT. misi centraluri nawili mdebareobs
mln km2-s. meqsikis dedaqalaqia mexiko. oficialuri ena
mTis ferdobsa da sazRvao sanapiroze. turistebisaT-
aris espanuri. 2011 wlis monacemebis mixedviT meqsikis
vis popularulia 400 heqtarze fiWvis tyeebiT gaSene-
mosaxleoba Seadgens 113,9 mln kacs. mosaxleobis um-
buli parki. britaneTis kolumbiis CrdiloeTiT, alas-
ravlesoba warmomavlobiT espanelia. qveynis oficia-
kasa da kanadis Crdilo-dasavleT teritoriis did na-
luri religia aris kaTolicizmi. am qveynis saerTo
wils iWers kordilierebis mTaTa sistema, xolo Crdi-
mSp aris 1,661 trln dolari, xolo erT mosaxleze ga-
loeTiT, arqtikis sanapiroze gadaWimulia tundris
daangariSebiT moweuli mSp ki _14,6 aTas aSS dolari.
sivrce.
meqsikis valuta aris meqsikuri peso.
kanadis teritoriebis mniSvnelovani nawili perspeq-
tiulia sarkinigzo turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
siT. ukve funqcionirebs mTeli rigi popularuli sar-
kinigzo marSrutebi mTebSi. velur bunebaSi mogzauro-
ba Seadgens kanadis Sida turizmis moculobis 1/4 na-
wils. bunebaSi mogzaurobis gadasaxadebiT dabegvris
441 442
meqsika. biT, ZeglebiT, qvis cixe-simagreebiTa da sacxovrebeli
saxlebiT. maT Soris gamoyofen actekis piramidebs, ma-
ioris Zeglsa da qvis wris saxiT gamoxatuli mzis ka-
lendaris cnobil qvas. meqsika aris ekonomikuri Tanam-
Sromlobis da ganviTarebis organizaciis wevri.
meqsikis teritoriis udides nawils iWers mTebi_-
meqsikis plato. qveyanaSi klimati tropikuli da mSra-
lia, romelic icvleba reliefis simaRlis da farTo-
bis mixedviT. meqsikis centraluri dablobi gamoirCeva
mSrali klimatiT. sanapiro zoli notioa. saSualo
temperatura qveynis teritoriaze meryeobs 100-dan 300-
mde. qveyana xasiaTdeba mSrali da notio sezonebiT,
romelic formirdeba tropikuli ciklonebiT, maT mo-
aqvT Warbi naleqi xandaxan im doneze, rom mas aqvs da-
mangreveli Zala. meqsikis Cqari dinebis mqone mdinaree-
bi Tavmoyrilia qveynis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi.
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT meqsika dayofilia meqsikis yvelaze didi tbaa Capala. meqsikaSi 12 aTasam-
33 Statad da erT federalur raionad. meqsika erT-er- de jiSis mcenarea, romlis 2/3 nawili endemuria.
Ti im saxelmwifoTagania, sadac odiTganve arsebobda meqsika flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa:
amerikis, maiasa da actekebis xalxTa uZvelesi civili- navTobi, vercxli, spilenZi, oqro, tyvia, TuTia, buneb-
zacia. qristefore kolumbis mier amerikis aRmoCenis rivi airi da xe-tye. meqsikis ekonomika didad aris da-
dros aq arsebobda actekebis da maias saxelmwifoebi. mokidebuli CrdiloeT amerikasTan dadebul Tavisu-
maT Soris mudmivi dapirispireba arsebobda, rac asus- fal savaWro (NAFTA-s) SeTanxmebaze. am Crdilo-ameri-
tebda orive maTgans. 1521 wels espanelma dampyrobleb- kul integraciaSi meqsikis roli ganisazRvreba ZiriTa-
ma dasustebuli meqsikuri saxelmwifoebi advilad da- dad iafi samuSao Zalisa da mineralur-sanedleulo
ipyres da daimorCiles. Sedegad Camoyalibda axali sa- resursebis miwodebiT. aq ganviTarebulia gadamamuSave-
xelmwifo_axali espaneTi. Sesabamisad meqsikaSi dam- beli mrewvelobis dargebi: navTobgadamamuSavebeli
kvidrda espanuri ena, romelic dRes atarebs oficia- mrewveloba, Savi da feradi metalurgia da manqanaT-
lur statuss. qveynis mosaxleoba didxans ibrZoda da- mSenebloba. meqsika-aSS-s sazRvarze mdebareobs mraval-
moukideblobis aRdgenisaTvis jer espanelebisagan, xo- ricxovani sawarmoebi, romlebic iyeneben meqsikel mu-
lo Semdeg ki amerikisa da sxva qveynebisagan. 1821 wels SakTa iaf Sromas da produqcias ki awvdian Crdilo-a-
meqsikam moipova damoukidebloba. qveyanaSi jer kidev merikul bazarze. meqsikas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTob-
SemorCenilia Zveli qalaqebis maiasa da actekas (CiCen- produqtebi, avtomobilebi, bamba, yava, Tevzi, sasuqebi.
icas, palenkesa da sxvaTa) nangrevebi, Tavisi piramide- meqsikaSi kargad aris ganviTarebuli sahaero, sazRvao
443 444
da saavtomobilo transporti, rac xels uwyobs am qve- kis dedaqalaqSi viTardeba sarkinigzo turizmic. saeq-
yanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas. skursio sarkinigzo marSrutebis organizeba xdeba se-
meqsikis ekonomikisTvis udidesi Semosavali moaqvs ra-madres mTebSic. es mTebi ucxoel turistebs sTava-
turistul industrias. aq turizmi aRiarebulia erT- zobs farTo SesaZleblobebs samTo da saseirno tu-
erT ZiriTad prioritetul dargad igi erT-erTi swra- rizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. wynari okeanis sanapiroze
fad ganviTarebadi qveyanaa, romelic flobs mZlavr mdebare akapulkos SesaniSnavi kurorti gamoirCeva la-
bunebriv-resursul potencials. aq yovelwliurad da- mazi plaJebiT, maRali sastumroebiTa da kazinoebiT.
axloebiT 21,4 mln turisti Camodis. meqsikaSi turiste- meqsikis srutis sanapiros cnobil kurorts warmoad-
bi Camodian ZiriTadad kanadidan da evropuli qveynebi- gens kankunic, romelic mdebareobs iukatanis naxevar-
dan. meqsikaSi ganviTarebulia xelovneba da kultura. kunZulze. es sakurorto adgili cnobilia sufTa
igi cnobilia samzareuloTi. aq mdebareobs iuneskos zRviT, arqeologiur zonebTan siaxloviT, bunebrivi
mier msoflio memkvidreobad aRiarebuli 29 Zegli, ri- ZeglebiTa da TeTri qviSis plaJiT.
Tac mas I adgili ukavia amerikis kontinentze. qveynis iukatanis naxevarkunZuli _ maias civilizaciis ak-
memkvidreobas warmoadgens meqsikis istoriuli centri, vani warmoadgens udidesi raodenobis arqeologiuri
pre-espanuri qalaqebi: palenke, CiCen-ica, istoriuli qa- Zeglebis mqone raions. imavdroulad aq viTardeba tu-
laqebi: puebla, guana-xuato, popokatepetlis ferdobis rizmis Tanamedrove saxeobebic. naxevarkunZulis mniS-
monastrebi da 32 arqeologiuri Zegli. vnelovani nawili daqselilia karstuli warmonaqmne-
meqsikaSi mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo- biT, miwisqveSa wylebiT, romelTagan bevrs gasasvleli
bis Semdegi Zeglebi: atotonilkos taZari, guanaxuato aqvs zRvaze. es raioni popularulia sportis aqtiuri
(qalaqi), el-viskaino, iaguli, kabaniasis hospitali, ka- saxeebis moyvarulTaTvis. qveyanaSi bevri erovnuli
lakmuli, kaliforniis yure, kamino-real-de-tiera-aden- parki da nakrZalia.
tro, kampeCe (qalaqi), keretaro (qalaqi), luis baraga- meqsika cnobilia Tavisi lamazi plaJebiT, sasiamov-
nis saxli da studia, mexiko, mitla, monte-albani, mono klimatiT, mravalferovani bunebis obieqtebiT: vul-
relia, oaxaka-de-xuaresi, pakime, palenke, pepela-monar- kanebiT, udabnoebiT, floriT, fauniT, piramidebiT, uZ-
qis biosferuli nakrZali, popokatepetlis mTis monas- velesi istoriiTa da kulturiT, rac Zlier izidavs
trebi, puebla (qalaqi), sakatekasi (qalaqi), san-migel- ucxoel turistebs. mexiko mdebareobs zRvis donidan
de-aliende, sauniversiteto qalaqi (meqsika), sian-kaani, 2020 metris simaRleze. igi aris uZvelesi qalaqi, rome-
siera-gordas franciskanuli misia, siera-de-san-fran- lic daarsebul iqna acteki indielebis mier XIV sau-
ciskos kldis mxatvroba, taxini, tekila. teotiuakani, kuneSi. mexiko aris civilizaciis istoriis cocxali
tlakotalpani, umbali, moCimalko da CiCen-ica. muzeumi. aq aris 1400 monumenti da istoriuli reliqvi-
mexiko turistebisaTvis sainteresoa qalaqis Zveli a, 10 arqeologiuri zona, 80-ze meti muzeumi, xalxuri
centriT, Sua saukunovani Senobis_bazilika-gvadalupes Semoqmedebis aTeulobiT centri da 2000-mde restorani.
nangrevebiT da sasaxleebiT. mexikos istoriuli cen- qalaqis centrad iTvleba konstituciis moedani _ so
tri CarTulia msoflio memkvidreobis nusxaSi. meqsi- kalo. mis aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs nacionalu-
445 446
ri sasaxle _ oficialuri saxelmwifo rezidencia. mo- m simaRlis mTvaris piramida. miuxedavad imisa, rom
ednis meore mxares moCans qristianuli amerikis uZve- mTvaris piramida teotiuakanis centrSi mdebare mzis
lesi kaTedraluri taZari. piramidaze dabalia, am ori Senobis mwvervalebi erTma-
turistebSi popularulia parki_alameda da mis neTs uswordeba. 50 aTas m2 farTobze ganlagebuli
gverdiT mdebare xelovnebis brwyinvale sasaxle, sa- mzis piramida 63 metrs aRwevs. igi 1 mln tonas iwonis.
dac turists SeuZlia gaecnox meqsikuri kulturis sa- qalaqi_tula cnobilia araCveulebrivi qvis figu-
ukeTeso nimuSebs. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia na- rebiT, romlebic ganTavsebulni arian 4 iarusian pira-
cionaluri muzeumi, sadac mnaxvelebs SeuZliaT daaT- midebze. isini gamoxataven muzaradian mebrZolebs. am
valieron actekebis giganturi qvis kalendari, romlis figurebis kostiumebi da Cacmuloba iZleva aramiwier
sigane 7 m-ze metia da 24 tonas iwonis. sainteresoa, civilizaciasa da mis saidumloebebze fiqris safuZ-
rom actekebma SeZles sworad gamoeTvalaT weliwadis vels. tulis RirsSesaniSnaobaa agreTve 40 metriani ke-
dReebis raodenoba _ 365 dRe. turistebs meqsikaSi izi- deli, sadac aRbeWdilia giganturi gvelebi, romlebic
davs saocari sanaxaobebi. gansakuTrebiT popularulia ylapaven adamianis ConCxebs. qalaqis centrSi dgas ka-
xarebis Cxubi. garibaldis moedani cnobilia imiT, rom calkoatlas taZari, fexburTis saTamaSo Zveli moed-
iq ikribebian quCis musikosebi sadResaswaulo kostume- nebi, rac tulis uZveles macxovrebelTa kulturis ki-
biT da acnoben turistebs nacionalur folklors. dev erTi damadastureeli elementia. es moednebi swor-
turistebs Soris agreTve popularulia Capultepe- kuTxedis formisaa da isini Semofarglulni arian ma-
kis parki. aq uamravi RirsSesaniSnaobaa. maT Soris aR- Rali mTebiT. aq TamaSobdnen Zveli meqsikelebi. am Ta-
saniSnavia anTropologiis muzeumi, Tanamedrove xelov- maSebs hqondaT saritualo-religiuri Sinaarsi.
nebis muzeumi, Capultepekis koSki da zooparki. meqsi- tulas mTavari saidumloebani damarxulia dangreu-
kis mTavari quCa Seqmnilia parizis eliseis mindvrebis li Senobebis qveS. bevr maTgans jer kidev ar Catare-
mixedviT, sadac arsebobs uamravi skveri, Sadrevani da bia restavracia. mexikos samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 100 km-
Zegli. mexikoSi mdebareobs mravali samecniero dawese- Si mdebareobs legendaruli piramida _ Colula. is
buleba, laTinur amerikaSi udidesi nacionaluri av- yvelaze didi piramida iyo mTel msoflioSi dangrevam-
tonomiuri universiteti. qalaqis mravali Senoba mor- de. siganiT is ufro didi iyo, vidre xeofsis piramida.
Tulia monumentebiTa da meqsikeli mxatvrebis skul- Zvel meqsikelebs uyvardaT axali taZrebis aSeneba Zve-
pturebiT. li piramidebis irgvliv. swored amis Sedegia is, rom
mnaxvelebs agreTve izidavs iaguarebis sasaxle, ro- Colulas SigniT mdebareobs kidev ori piramida. isini
melzec aRbeWdilia mravali veluri cxoveli. maT So- agebulni arian giganturi qvebiT. espanelma dampyrob-
ris aris mistikuri frinveli _ kecal papalta. aqve 25 lebma gaacamtveres igi da im adgilas aaSenes eklesia.
km2-ze gadaWimulia giganturi qalaqi, romelsac Crdi- meqsikaSi turistebs agreTve izidavs Zveli tradi-
loeTidan samxreTis mimarTulebiT gasdevs sami kilo- ciebis mqone qalaqi_ gvadalaxara. aqedan modis qveynis
metrisa da ormoci metris siganis quCa. am gzis ukidu- mravali tradicia _ rodeo, sombreos cekva, quCis mu-
res CrdiloeT mxares 30 aTasi m2-is farTobze dgas 46 sikosebi da sxva. qalaqis centrSi mdebareobs bevri
447 448
lamazi moedani, uZvelesi nagebobebi, muzeumebi da cno- rove sastumro, romelTac yovelwliurad stumrobs
bili Teatri _ degoliado, romlebic qalaqs aZleven uamravi damsvenebeli. meqsikaSi dasvenebis saukeTeso
gansakuTrebul elfers. tapatis moedani es is adgili- dro aris dekembris bolo da ianvris Tve, rodesac sa-
a, sadac dro SeumCnevlad miqris. aq turistebi tkbebi- napiroze dgeba Tbili da mSrali amindi. aqve aRsaniS-
an musikaluri gamosvlebiT. isini yiduloben uamrav navia XVII_XVIII saukuneebSi agebuli san-diegos cixe,
suvenirs da isveneben Ria kafeebSi. meqsikaSi Casul tu- romelic qalaqs icavda mekobreebisagan. igi mdebare-
ristebSi agreTve did interess iwvevs oaxakas Stati. obs akapulkos centridan ramdenime kvartalSi, rome-
aq mdebareobda erT-erTi kolumbiamdeli civilizaciis lic warmoadgens qalaqis erT-erT mTavar istoriul
centri. aq turistebs SeuZliaT gaecnon Zvel kultu- RirsSesaniSnaobas. kurortis sanapiro zoli mdidaria
ras, romlis elementebic asaxulia mosaxleobis Cacmu- TevziT. turistebs Soris ewyoba Sejibri TevzaobaSi,
lobaSi, cocxal xalxur xelovnebaSi. romelic iwvevs did interess.
oaxaka akvirvebs xalxs rogorc indielebis tradi- qalaq _ taskoSi aris mravali arqiteqturuli Zeg-
ciebiT, ise koloniuri arqiteqturiT. turistebis yu- li da RirsSesaniSnaoba. wynari okeanis sanapiroze
radRebas ipyrobs barokos stilSi agebuli aTeulo- mdebare-obs meqsikis erT-erTi RirsSesaniSnavi qalaqi
biT eklesia. oaxakas plaJebi yvelaze lamazia mTel mansalinio, sadac turistebs izidavs wynari okeanis
meqsikaSi. agreTve aq kargi restornebi da gasarTobi Tbili wyali, kafeebi, feSenebeluri sastumroebi. meq-
centrebia. meqsikis samxreTi nawili maias tomis akvani- sikis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, iukatanis naxevarkunZul-
a. maias tomi mTlianad ar gamqrala. espanelebma ver ze mdebareobs kurorti _ kankuni. aq turizmis ganviTa-
moaxerxes am tomis ganadgureba. am civilizaciis war- reba aqtiurad daiwyo 1970 wels, roca meTevzeTa pata-
momadgenlebi dResac agrZeleben TavianTi Zveli kul- ra sofeli gaxda erT-erTi popularuli kurorti
turiT cxovrebas. mTel msoflioSi. aq yovelwliurad isvenebs 2 mln-mde
Ciapasis mTiani raionebi aris saukeTeso adgili ma- turisti. kankuni Tavis popularobas unda umadlodes
ias tomis cxovrebis gasacnobad. Zveli indielebis ci- Tavis qviSian plaJebsa da rifebs, romelTa sigrZea 870
vilizaciis saidumloebebis, unikaluri kulturuli km. haeris temperatura kankunSi 250-ze qveviT ar Camo-
da bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebis garda turistebs dis. aq aris 20-ze meti sastumro.
izidavs sxvadasxva kurortebi. kankunSi saukeTeso pirobebia Seqmnili saojaxo
akapulko aris wynari okeanis sanapiroze mdebare dasvenebisaTvis. aq warmodgenilia garTobis farTo
erT-erTi popularuli kurorti, romelic mdebareobs speqtri, romelic pasuxobs yvela Tanamedrove moTxov-
qveynis samxreT-dasavleTiT. mas dedaqalaqTan akavSi- nas. visac uyvars aqtiuri dasveneba kankuni maT sTava-
rebs Cqarosnuli samanqano gza. ganviTarebuli turis- zobs iaxtaze gaseirnebas, daivings, golfs, CogburTs
tuli infrastruqtura xels uwyobs akapulkos, raTa da sxva mraval serviss. maT, visac moswons egzotika,
igi iyos popularuli mTel msoflioSi. aq aris aero- epatiJebian koridis stadionze, sadac yovel oTxSa-
porti, savaWro centri, iaxt-klubi. kondeizis sanapi- baTs arenaze gamodian mamaci toreadorebi. kankunSi
ros gaswvriv aTobiT feSenebeluri da ultraTanamed- aRmoaCines CiCen-icas nangrevebi, romelic imsaxurebs
449 450
turistTa did interess. CiCen-ica erT-erTia Tanamed- koncentrirebulni arian sasazRvro qalaqebze da daka-
rove 7 saocrebas Soris. CiCen-ica dasaxlebuli iyo ma- vebulni arian azartuli TamaSebiT.
ias tomebiT Cvens welTa aRricxvamde IV saukuneSi. Ci- meqsikis ekonomikaSi turizmi TamaSobs mTavar
Cen-icas mTavari piramida_ elkastilioa, romlis si- rols. is izidavs ucxouri valutis daaxloebiT 40%-s
maRlec 40 m-ia. mis Zvel kedlebze SemorCenilia maias da iZleva aTasobiT samuSao adgils. kanadidan da ev-
kalendris uZvelesi freskebi. kibeebis ricxvi pirami- ropuli qveynebidan Camosuli turistebi ufro met
daze udris weliwadis dReebis raodenobas. fuls xarjaven, vidre aSS-dan Camosuli turistebi.
qalaqis erT-erTi saocrebaa burTis saTamaSo moe- meqsikis mTavroba acnobierebs turizmis, rogorc Semo-
dani, romelsac iseTi akustika aqvs, rom xmis gageba savlis miRebis udidesi wyaros, mniSvnelobas. aq tu-
SeiZleba 100 metris moSorebiTac. CiCen-icaSi ganlage- rizms Tvlian ekonomikis prioritetad da Zalisxmevas
bulia maias tomis unikaluri cis observatoria. CiCen- ar iSureben misi ganviTarebisaTvis. meqsika SedarebiT
icas nangrevebi amJamad meqsikis federaluri mfarve- axalgazrda qveyanaa turistul saxelmwifoebs Soris.
lobis qveSaa da iuneskos msoflio kulturuli mem- amitom aq turizmis ganviTarebas sxva qveynebTan Seda-
kvidreobis ZeglTa siaSia Setanili. turistebs agreT- rebiT kidev ufro didi perspeqtiva aqvs. turizmis
ve izidavs karibis zRvaSi mdebare qalebis kunZuli, msoflio organizaciis monacemTa Tanaxmad, turistebis
romlis sigrZea 8 km, xolo sigane 1 km. kunZuls es sa- Casvlis TvalsazrisiT meqsika Sedis mowinave aTeulTa
xeli daarqves espanelebma, romlebmac aq aRmoaCines siaSi. qveyana turizmidan Semosavlis saxiT yovelwli-
qalTa qandakebebis didi raodenoba. kunZuli cnobilia urad iRebs 18,5 mlrd dolars.
Tavisi rifebiT. Zalian lamazi da mravalferovania meqsikaSi CasvliT dainteresebul turists mouwevs
kunZulis wyalqveSa samyaroc. Zalian sainteresoa ka- Semdegi saxis turistuli formalobebisa da sabaJo
liforniis yurec, sadac mdebareobs aseulobiT kunZu- SezRudvebis gaTvaliswineba: meqsikaSi samogzaurod
li. turistebs esaWiroebaT viza. vizis misaRebad saWiroa
iukatanis naxevarkunZuli bunebis namdvili saocre- Semdegi sabuTebi: sazRvargareTis pasporti, erTi anke-
baa. tropikuli tyeebi da saZovrebi uaxlovdeba kari- ta, 3 foto, xelfasis cnoba da saerTaSoriso sakredi-
bis zRvas, sadac mdebareobs msoflioSi sididiT meo- to baraTi. meqsikaSi akrZalulia fsiqotropul nivTie-
re rifi. rodesac saubari exeba meqsikaSi turizmis rebaTa da im medikamentebis Setana, romelsac ar saWi-
ganviTarebas, pirvel rigSi unda aRiniSnos, rom am qve- roebs turisti. qveyanaSi araa SezRuduli ucxouri va-
yanaSi turizmis warmateba umetesad damokidebulia lutis Setana-gamotana, magram SezRudva aris dawesebu-
Crdilo-amerikul bazarze, gansakuTrebiT aSS-is bali erovnuli valutis Setanasa da gatanaze.
zarze, romelic iZleva qveynis turizmis 85%-s. turis-
tebis 5% meqsikaSi Camodis kanadidan. danarCeni ki ev-
ropis qveynebidan (germaniidan, espaneTidan, didi bri-
taneTidan, safrangeTidan da italiidan). turistebi,
romlebic axorcieleben erTdRian turebs meqsikaSi,
451 452
grenlandiis turistuli potenciali TrobiT igi ifareba yinulis safariT, rac arTulebs
aq gemebis mimosvlas. nuuki (1979 wlamde gothobi) aris
grenlandia CrdiloeT yinulovan okeanesa da at- nukis komunis administraciuli centri, romelic mde-
lantis okeaneSi, CrdiloeT amerikis kontinentTan mdebareobs grenlandiis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi.
bare msoflios udidesi kunZulia (farTobiT 2,166 mln grenlandiaSi aris daniis, deivisisa da smiTis
km2, rac amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis mTeli terito- srute. deivisis srute erTmaneTisagan hyofs grenlan-
riis 1/4 nawilia.). 2011 wlis monacemebiT grenlandiaSi dias da bafinis miwas (kanadis provincias). misi maqsi-
cxovrobs 56,6 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 2,1 trln maluri sigrZe Seadgens 950 km-s, xolo siRrme ki_3,6
dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze mosuli mSp ki _ 37,5 km-s. misTvis damasiaTebelia aisbergebi. srutes ewoda
aTas aSS dolars. misi dedaqalaqia nuuki, oficialuri ingliseli mkvlevaris jon deivisis (1550-1605 w) saxe-
enebi _ grenlandiuri da daniuri, es aris konstituci- li. man ramdenjerme imogzaura da Seiswavla grenlan-
uri monarqiis mqone qveyana. misi valutaa daniuri kro- diisa da bafinis miwebi. grenlandias amSvenebs gunbi-
na. ernis mTebi. misi mniSvnelovani qalaqia ilulisati.
grenlandia. igi aris grenlandiis erT-erTi saukeTeso administra-
ciuli centri da qalaqi. mosaxleobis raodenobis mi-
xedviT (5000 kaciT) ilulisati mesame qalaqia grenlan-
diaSi. ilulisatis fiordi, romlis sigrZea 40 km, Se-
tanilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nus-
xaSi.
labradoris zRva mdebareobs atlantis okeanis da-
savleT nawilSi, labradoris naxevarkunZulsa da
grenlandias Soris. misi farTobia 840 aTas km2, xolo
siRrme ki _ 3 km. labradoris zRvaSi arsebuli devisis
srutis meSveobiT, xdeba kanadis kunZul bafinis miwis
da grenlandiis erTmaneTisagan gayofa. labradoris
zRvis Seqmna daiwyo daaxloebiT 61 mln wlis win, 40
mln wlis win ki man dRevandeli saxe miiRo. grenlan-
1386 wlidan kunZuli ekuTvnoda norvegias, 1814 diis udides nawils faravs 3-4 km-iani sisqis yinuli.
wels is moeqca daniis daqvemdebarebaSi. 1979 wels da- es kunZuli cnobilia, rogorc zRvis kruizebis adgi-
niis parlamentma grenlandias mianiWa farTo avtonomi- li. aq turistebs sTavazoben Tevzaobas, nadirobas, mo-
a. grenlandiis zRvis saSualo temperatura zafxulo- toTxilamurebiT srials, ganviTarebul saTxilamuro
biT aris 00C-dan +60C-mde, zamTrobiT ki igi meryeobs sports, cxenebiTa da ZaRlebiT gaseirnebas.
_20C-dan +10C-mde. grenlandiis zRvis CrdiloeTi nawi-
li xasiaTdeba molivlive yinulovani mindvrebiT. zam-
453 454
centraluri amerikis turistuli potenciali 2005 wlis monacemebiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens
3,23 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 27,5 mlrd dolars, xolo
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, centraluri amerika moi- erT mosaxleze ki_7,3 aT aSS dolars. panamis valuta
cavs iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa: panama, belizi, kosta-- aris balboa. panama administraciuli TvalsazrisiT
rika, gvatemala, nikaragua da salvadori. maT Soris iyofa 9 provinciad da 5 komarkad. panamaSi turizmis
Cven ganvixilavT panamis, belizisa da kosta-rikas tu- ganviTarebas xels uwyobs la-amistadis saerTaSoriso
ristul potencials. parki, darienisa da koribis erovnuli parkebi. kordi-
liera-de-talamankas mTiani qedis udidesi nawili Se-
dis la-amistadis saerTaSoriso parkSi, romlis umaR-
panamis turistuli potenciali da misi lesi mwvervalia sero-Cripo. panamaSi mdebareobs iunes-
amoqmedebis Taviseburebani kos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Semavali
Semdegi Zeglebi: darienisa da koribis erovnuli parke-
bi, kordiliera-de-talamanka, la-amistadis saerTaSo-
panama aris saprezidento respublika, romelic mde-
riso parki, panama-viexo, portobelo (panama) da san-lo-
bareobs centralur amerikaSi, panamis arxis orive mxa-
rensos cixe-simagre.
res, karibis zRvasa da wynar okeanes Soris. mas dasav-
panamis arxi Wris panamis yels centralur amerika-
leTidan esazRvreba kosta-rika, xolo aRmosavleTidan
Si da igi akavSirebs atlantisa da wynar okeaneebs. am
ki _ kolumbia. qveynis dedaqalaqia panama. misi oficia-
arxis mSenebloba iyo erT-erTi urTulesi da udidesi
luri ena aris espanuri. panamis teritoriis farTobi
sainJinro proeqti, romelic dRemde ganuxorcielebia
Seadgens 75,5 aT. km2-s.
adamians. arxis aSenebam mniSvnelovnad gaaadvila saer-
panama.
TaSoriso tvirTgadazidva. vinaidan satvirTo gemebs
ukve aRar sWirdebaT kontinentis Semovla grZeli da
saSiSi marSrutiT dreikis srutesa da hornis kon-
cxTan samxreT amerikis ukidures samxreTiT. amJamad
gems niu-iorkidan san-franciskomde uwevs 9,5 aTasi km-
is gavla, rac 2,5-jer naklebia adrindel 22,5 aTas km-
ze.
panamis arxis agebis idea jer kidev XVI saukuneSi
gaCnda. misi gayvanis mcdeloba iyo frangebis mxridan
1880 wels. proeqtis saboloo dasruleba ikisra aSS-m,
romelmac arxi gaxsna 1914 wels. 77 km-is sigrZis arxis
mSeneblobas axlda bevri sirTule: tropikuli daava-
debebi, masiuri mewyerebi da a. S. arxis mSeneblobaze
sul daiRupa 27,5 aTasi muSa, magram arxis gaxsnis Sem-
455 456
deg man udidesi warmateba moutana mTel msoflios. uZliaT adgilobrivi xelosnebisagan, suveniris saxiT,
igi dRemde warmoadgens umniSvnelovanes saerTaSoriso SeiZinon induri yofa-cxovrebis atributebi, kalaTebi
satransporto koridors. yovelwliurad arxis meSveo- da patara skulpturebi. qveynis erTgvar unikalurobas
biT gadis 14 aTasi satvirTo gemi, romelTac saerTo warmoadgens misi flora da fauna. aq aris araCveuleb-
jamSi gaaqvT 203 mln tona tvirTi. aRsaniSnavia, rom rivad gansxvavebuli mcenareebis da frinvelebis samya-
arxis wynari okeanis sanapiro 20 sm-iT maRalia atlan- ro. qalaq panamasTan axlos wynari okeanis sanapiroze,
tis okeanis sanapiroze. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom pa- mdebareobs horgonas, koronados, san-karlosis, rio-ma-
namis arxi gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi aSenda, is ukve ris, koronas da faralonis STambeWdavi plaJebi.
veRar akmayofilebs Tanamedrove gemebis moTxovnebs da
saTanadod ver uzrunvelyofs maT gatarebas. amitom
2006 wels dRis wesrigSi dadga misi gafarToebis sa- belizisa da kosta-rikas turistuli
kiTxi. es procesi daiwyo 2007 wels da dasrulda 2012 potenciali
wels.
panamis arxis erTi napiridan meoreze gadasvla Se-
belizi mdebareobs iukatanis naxevarkunZulis aRmo-
iZleba rogorc 1942-62 wlebSi agebuli xidebiT, ise
savleT mxareSi. igi aris centralur amerikaSi mdebare
2005 wels agebuli super-Tanamedrove xidis meSveobiT,
saparlamento demokratiisa da konstituciuri monarqi-
romelsac SeuZlia avtomobilebis 6 zolad gatareba.
is mqone saxelmwifo (yofili britanuli hondurasi),
am arxis gaxsnam seriozuli safrTxe Seuqmna panamis
romelsac CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba meqsika, xolo da-
ekosistemas, vinaidan aq milionobiT wlebis Semdeg
savleTidan ki gvatemala. belizis aRmosavleTiT mde-
pirvelad SeuerTda erTmaneTs atlantis da wynari
bareobs karibis zRva da karibis kunZulebi. 1981 wlam-
okeanis wylebi, rac safrTxes uqmnis adgilobriv
de igi iyo didi britaneTis kolonia. igi erTaderTi
floras da faunas. arxs yovelwliurad stumrobs asi-
inglisurenovani qveyanaa centralur amerikaSi. belizi
aTasobiT turisti mTeli msofliodan. panamaSi zafxu-
agreTve erTaderTi qveyanaa am regionSi, romelsac ar
li Zalian cxeli da teniania. amitom weliwadis am
aqvs gasasvleli wynar okeaneze. am qveynis dedaqalaqia
dros panamis monaxuleba maincadamainc saxarbielo ar
belmopani. misi oficialuri enebia inglisuri da espa-
aris. turistebs Soris Zalzed popularulia arxis
nuri. belizis farTobia 30 aT. km2. 2008 wlis monaceme-
gavla da daTvaliereba sakruizo gemiT. panamis arxTan
biT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 301,3 aTas kacs, saerTo
atlantis okeanis mxridan 2000 wels aages kolonis
mSp Seadgens 2,1 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosax-
porti, romelSic Semodis sakruizo lainerebi.
leze ki_8,4 aT. aSS dolars. qveynis valutaa belizis
panamis mTavar turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmo-
dolari.
adgens zRvis sanapiroze mdebare kunZuli, erovnuli
belizis barieruli rifi Seadgens 280 km-ian zols,
parkebi da mraval kilometrze gadaWimuli, erTmaneTi-
romelic gadaWimulia iukatanidan gvatemalas sanapi-
sagan izolirebuli plaJebi. Taviseburia qveyanaSi da-
romde. es rifi udidesia atlantis okeaneSi da meore
saxlebul indiel tomTa kulturac. aq turistebs Se-
457 458
mTel msoflioSi didi barieruli rifis Semdeg. 1996 misi valutaa kosta-rikuli koloni. qveynis udidesi
wels igi Seitanes iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis nawili ukavia vulkanuri warmoSobis qedebs: kordili-
ZeglTa siaSi. belmopani moqceulia kaios olqis Semad- era-de-ganakastesa da kordiliera-sentrals. am ukanas-
genlobaSi. igi mdebareobs zRvis donidan 78 m-is simaR- knelis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebareobs vulkanuri
leze, mdinare belizis aRmosavleT sanapiro zolSi. am plato, romlis samxreT-dasavleT kideze aRmarTulia
sanapiros dasaxlebuli punqtidan 80 km-Si aris yofi- kordiliera-de-talamanka. misi CrdiloeTiT zRvis gas-
li dedaqalaqi belizi, romelic 1961 wels mTlianad wvriv mdebareobs dablobebi. kosta-rika iyofa 7 pro-
daangria qariSxalma. 1970 wels dedaqalaqi gadaitanes vinciad. provinciebi Tavis mxriv iyofa kantonebad.
belmopanSi. aq aages saxelmwifo Senobebi. sul maTi ricxvi aRwevs 90-s.
bel-mopanSi cxovrobs 5 aTasi kaci. qveynis umsxvi- kosta-rika.
lesi qalaqia belizi, romelic iTvlis sul raRac 50
aTas mcxovrebs. qveyana mimzidvelia turistebisaTvis
Tavisi mTebiTa d wylis kaskadebiT, karibis zRvaSi
mdebare mwvane kunZulebiTa da mTeli sanapiros gas-
wvriv mdebare plaJebiT. belizi mTel msoflioSi cno-
bilia, rogorc erT-erTi umsxvilesi TevzmWeri centri,
romelic moicavs tropikuli Tevzis daaxloebiT 1500-
mde saxeobas. Tanamedrove belizis teritoriebi Tavis
droze dasaxlebuli iyo maias tomebiT, romelTac aq
datoves mravalricxovani arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. tu-
ristul bizness am qveyanaSi akontrolebs ucxouri ka-
pitali, rac dakavSirebulia problemebTan, kerZod, ga-
remo pirobebis dacvisa da agreTve inflaciis proble- qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTareba dakav-
masTan. saqme imaSi mdgomareobs, rom adgilobriv mo- Sirebulia veluri bunebis didi masivebis arsebobas-
saxleobasTan SedarebiT ucxoeli turistebis ufro Tan. qveynis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs maradmwvane tye,
maRali msyidvelunarianoba iwvevs fasebis zrdas. be- xolo dasavleTiT ki _ savaneebi da foTolcvenadi
lizSi saxelmwifo mxars uWers ekoturizmis ganviTa- tyeebi. qveyanas gaaCnia erovnuli parkebic: korkovados,
rebas. brauli-karilos, Cir-rikosa da antonio-manuelas par-
kosta-rikas respublika centralur amerikaSi mde- kebi.
bare patara saxelmwifoa. qveynis dedaqalaqia san-xose. meqsikisagan karibis zRvis auzis qveynebs gamoyofs
oficialuri enaa espanuri. kosta-rikas farTobia 51,1 iukatanis srute, xolo aSS-dan _ floridis srute.
aTasi km2. 2011 wlis monacemebiT qveynis mosaxleoba Se- mcire antilis kunZulebi, bahamis, terqsis, kaikosisa
adgens 4,3 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 55 mlrd aS dolars, da didi antilis kunZulebTan erTad, gars ertymian ka-
xolo erT mosaxleze mosuli mSp_13,2 aT. aSS dolars. ribis zRvas dasavleTiT, atlantis okeanis sazRvar-
459 460
Tan. mcire antilis zogierTi samxreTi kunZuli mdeba- ze cnobili erT-erTi mniSvnelovani kazino. mosaxleo-
reobs samxreT amerikis kontinentis CrdiloeT sanapi- bis 80% eTnikurad bahamelia. lindel rildingis saer-
ros gaswvriv. TaSoriso aeroporti aris nasaus da sruliad bahamis
udidesi aeroporti, romelic mdebareobs dedaqalaqi-
dan dasavleTiT 16 km-is daSorebiT. aqedan xorcielde-
karibis teritoriebisa da kunZulovan ba saerTaSoriso avia-reisebi aSS-s, gaerTianebuli sa-
mefosa da karibis auzis qveynebis mimarTulebiT. nasau
saxelmwifoTa turistuli potenciali
mdebareobs niu-providensis kunZulze. es qalaqi daar-
sebulia espanelebis mier 1695 wels. qalaqze udidesi
karibis zRvis kunZulebi, romelic cnobilia agreT-
gavlena moaxdina holandielebisa da frangebis mcirex-
ve vest-indoeTis saxelwodebiT, Sedgeba bahamis, didi
nianma mmarTvelobam. bahamis dedaqalaqi moqceulia
antilisa da mcire antilis kunZulebisagan. didi anti-
tropikul klimatur sartyelSi. nasaudan sazRvao mar-
li moicavs vest-indoeTis 90%-s. karibis qveynebs gane-
SrutebiT xdeba maiamTan, kubasTan da karibis zRvis
kuTvneba: bahamis Tanamegobroba, kubis respublika, do-
auzis sxva qveynebTan dakavSireba. nasauSi mcirea wli-
minikelTa respublika, iamaika, haiti, virjiniis kunZu-
uri naleqis odenoba.
lebi, barbadosi, antigua, barbuda, grenada da a. S.
bahamis Tanamegobroba.
bahamis Tanamegobrobisa da kubis turistuli

potenciali
bahamis Tanamegobroba aris atlantis okeaneSi mde-

bare inglisurenovani qveyana, romelic ganlagebulia
kubisa da kunZul haitis CrdiloeTiT, terqsis da kai-
kosis kunZulebis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, aSS-s Statis _
floridis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. misi dedaqalaqia na-
sau, oficialuri enaa inglisuri. igi aris saparlamen-
to demokratiis, konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveya-
na. bahamis kunZulebis farTobia 13,9 aT. km2. 2009 wlis
mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 330 aTas kacs,
saerTo mSp_ 6,52 mlrd aSS dolars, erT mosaxleze bahamis mniSvnelovani turistuli raioni mdebare-
mSp ki_ 17,8 aT. aSS dolars. misi valutaa bahamuri do- obs amerikis SeerTebuli Statebis sanapirosTan siax-
lari. loves. aq sul exlaxans gaixsna wyalqveSa observato-
nasau warmoadgens bahamis kulturul-ekonomikur da ria. bahamis kunZulebze mdebareobs erovnuli parkebi
sakurorto centrs. aq funqcionirebs bahamis kunZuleb-
461 462
da istoriuli muzeumebi, sadac eqsponirdeba Zveli in- kuba.
duri kulturis Zeglebi.1
kubis respublika karibis zRvis auzSi mdebare kun-
Zulovani socialisturi saxelmwifoa, romelic Sedge-
ba ZiriTadi kunZulis_kubis, xuventudis da ramdenime
arqipelagisagan. kubis CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs aSS da
bahamis kunZulebi, dasavleTiT_meqsika, samxreTiT_kai-
manis kunZulebi da iamaika, xolo samxreT-aRmosavle-
TiT ki_haiti da dominikelTa respublika. kubis deda-
qalaqi da udidesi qalaqia havana, xolo misi sididiT
meore qalaqia santiago-de-kuba. kubis farTobi Sead-
gens 111 aT km2-s. misi oficialuri ena aris espanuri.
2010 wlis monacemebiT, kubis mosaxleoba Seadgens 11,24
mln kacs, saerTo mSp_ 114,1 mlrd aSS dolars, erT mo- kuba socializmis principebis erTguli rCeba. war-
saxleze gaangariSebul mSp-s ki_9,9 aTas aSS dolars. moebis ZiriTadi mesakuTre kvlav mTavroba rCeba. sa-
qveynis valuta aris kuburi peso. xelmwifo seqtorSi dasaqmebulia 78%, kubaSi investi-
1492 wels kubis kunZuls miadga qristefore kolum- reba samTavrobo nebarTvis gareSe SeuZlebelia. fasebs
bma da is espaneTis sakuTrebad gamoacxada. kuba espane- saxelmwifo awesebs. kubaSi adamians ar SeuZlia samsa-
Tis sakuTrebad iTvleboda 1898 wlis espaneT-amerikis xuris gamocvla saxelmwifo nebarTvis gareSe. 1992
omamde. 1902 wels kubam amerikisagan miiRo formaluri wels kubis xelisuflebam aRmosavleT evropis qveyne-
damoukidebloba. 1953 _ 1959 wlebSi kubis revoluciis bis msgavsad daiwyo ekonomikis nawilobrivi libera-
Semdeg Camoyalibda socialisturi wyoba fidel kas- lizacia, dauSva TviTdasaqmebis ufleba mcire sawar-
tros meTaurobiT. kubelTa kultura Sedgeba rogorc moebSi, xeli Seuwyo turizmis ganviTarebas. kuba, re-
aborigen xalxTa (tainoebis da soboneiebis), ise espane- sursebis mxriv mdidaria nikeliT, romlis flobiTac
Tis imperiisa da afrikeli monebis memkvidreobisagan. igi meore adgilzea mTel msoflioSi ruseTis Semdeg.
masze didi gavlena iqonia aSS-Tan siaxlovemac. kuba mexuTea msoflioSi kobaltis maragis flobis mi-
xedviT. CrdiloeT kubaSi aRmoaCines navTobis didi ma-
ragic (9 mlrd bareli). kubas saeqsportod gaaqvs Saqa-
ri, nikeli, Tambaqo, citrusi da yava, xolo ucxoeTi-
dan Seaqvs sakvebi, sawvavi da tansacmeli.
kuba dayofilia 15 provinciad da erT specialur
municipalitetad. kubis provinciebi iyofa 169 municipa-
litetad. aq klimati tropikulia. SedarebiT mSrali
1 www.sib-garden.ru/. Международный туризм. periodia noembridan aprilamde, xolo wvimiani sezoni
463 464
ki aris maisidan oqtombramde. saSualo temperatura galavnis gaswvriv mdebare sanapiro gamziri _ maleko-
ianvarSi meryeobs 210C-is, xolo ivlisSi ki_270C-is ni. havanaSi aris prados gamziris dasawyisi _ lapunta,
farglebSi. seqtember-oqtomberi tropikul ciklonTa Ramis gasarTob dawesebulebaTa centri _ la-rampa,
periodia. san-migelis gzis nawili _ xakomino, 1728 wels daarse-
kubaSi mdebare iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis buli havanis universiteti da Zveli havanis espanuri
Zeglebs ganekuTvneba: trinidadi, desembarko-del-gran- koloniuri arqiteqturis nimuSebi.
ma, vinialesis xeoba, indielebis xeoba, kamaguvi, san- kubaSi turizmi yovelwliurad daaxloebiT 2 mln
pedro-de-la-rokis cixesimagre, sienfuegosi, yavis pir- adamians izidavs. igi warmoadgens kunZulis Semosavle-
veli plantaciebis arqeologiuri landSafti da Zveli bis ZiriTad wyaros. xelsayreli klimatiT, plaJebiT,
havana. aRmosavleT kubaSi mdebareobs aleqsandre sum- koloniuri arqiteqturiTa da gansxvavebuli kulturu-
boldtis erovnuli parki. kubaSi agreTve turistebs li istoriiT kuba ukve didi xania mimzidveli qveyanaa
izidavs desembarko-del-granmas erovnuli parki, kagua- turistebisaTvis. kubis revoluciis Semdeg aSS-m auk-
nesis erovnuli parki, siera-del-rosario, siera-kris- rZala Tavis moqalaqeebs kubaSi Casvla. xelisufleba-
talis erovnuli parki, turkinos erovnuli parki, kru- Si kastros mosvlidan 2 wlis Semdeg turizmis indus-
sis koncxi, bakonao, topes-de-kolantesi da jon leno- tria rekordulad dabal doneze daeSva. 1960 -ian
nis parki. garda amisa, kubaSi turistebs izidavs iseTi wlebSi kubaSi SeizRuda kerZo sakuTreba, aikrZala
Senobebi, rogoricaa: kastilio-de-xagua, la-kabania, mo- ucxouri valutis brunva, ramac mospo turistuli in-
ros cixe-simagre, san-pedro-de-la-rokis cixesimagre, dustria. 1997 wlamde akrZaluli iyo kontaqtebi tu-
Ce-gevaras mavzoleumi da havanis qriste. am qveyanas ga- ristebs da kubelebs Soris. miuxedavad amisa, bolo
aCnia espanelTa batonobis droindeli istoriuli Rir- dros mTavrobis mier turizmis xelSewyobisaken gadad-
sSesaniSnaobani: Zveli cixe-simagre, san-franciskos mo- gmulma nabijebma gamoacocxla es seqtori.
nasteri da a. S. kunZulze bevri sanaxaobaa, romelTa sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg kubaSi daiwyo eko-
Soris sainteresoa qalaqi _ matansasi. kubis umsxvile- nomikuri krizisi. kubam daiwyo Zveli sastumroebis aR-
si saerTaSoriso donis kurortia varadeiro. dgena. turizmis industriis mxardasaWerad da turis-
havanaSi cxovrobs 2,2 mln kaci. igi aris karibis tebis mosazidad aSenda sanapiro kurortebi, aseve res-
zRvis auzis mniSvnelovani savaWro porti. espanelebma tavracia Cautarda havanis ramdenime quCas, radganac
cixesimagreebisa da galavnebis agebiT havana aqcies qveyanas esaWiroeboda am seqtoridan finansebis miReba.
yvelaze dacul qalaqad amerikaSi. 1920 wels es qalaqi, saxelmwifos mier izolirebuli kubis sazogadoebisa
monrealis msgavsad, gaxda amerikelTa popularuli gada saerTaSoriso turizmis integrirebis mizniT xeli
sarTobi adgili, Tumca Ramis klubebisa da kazinoebis Seewyo amklavuri kurortebis Camoyalibebas, imdenad
umravlesoba daxuruli iqna 1960 wels kubis revolu- ramdenadac SesaZlebeli iyo turistebis gancalkeveba
ciis Semdeg. havanis Zvel (istoriul) ubanSi aris ko- kubelebisagan. am process ~anklavuri turizmi” uwo-
lonis sasaflao. havanis garemocvaSi gadaWimulia di- des. 1990-iani wlebis bolos kubis turizmma gadaaswro
debuli plaJebi. misi CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs qalaqis tradiciul saeqsporto industrias _ Saqars, rogorc
465 466
qveynis Semosavlebis ZiriTad wyaros. aq turistebi Zi- dominikelTa respublika.
riTadad Camodian kanadidan da dasavleT evropidan.
turistuli arealis maRali koncentracia SeimCneva va-
raderos, kaio-kokos, olginis CrdiloeT plaJebisa da
havanis garSemo. miuxedavad amisa, bolo wlebSi Seim-
Cneva kubis turizmis Semcireba, rac gamowveulia eko-
nomikuri krizisiT, ucxouri investiciebis zrdis Si-
SiT da Sida ekonomikis SezRudviT. Sedegad kubas tu-
rizmis ganviTarebiT gaaswro dominikelTa respublika-
mac ki.
dominikelTa respublikis turistuli

Tanamedrove etapze dominikelTa respublika aris
potenciali
stabiluri politikuri da ekonomikuri sistemis mqone
qveyana, romelsac pativs scems mTeli msoflio da
dominikelTa respublika mdebareobs karibis zRvis
imavdroulad mimzidvelia ucxoeli turistebisaTvis.
auzSi mdebare kunZul haitis aRmosavleTiT. misi deda-
es aris mTiani qveyana. mTebi dafarulia buCqebiTa da
qalaqia santo-domingo. qveynis oficialuri ena aris
maradmwvane, wiwvovani tyeebiT. aq ZiriTadad xarobs
espanuri. es aris saprezidento respublika, romlis
tropikuli xexili (qoqosi da mango). zRaprulad lama-
farTobic Seadgens 48,73 aTas kv. km-s. 2007 wlis mdgo-
zi plaJebi da karibis zRvis sufTa wyali am qveyanaSi
mareobiT, am respublikis mosaxleoba Seadgens 9,76
yovelwliurad izidavs 2 mln-mde turists.
mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 90 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo
erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki _ 9,2 aTas aSS dolars.
iamaikisa da barbadosis turistuli potenciali
qveynis valuta aris dominikelTa peso. qristefore ko-
lumbis mier swored am kunZulidan iqna pirvelad
iamaika aris karibis zRvis SuaSi mdebare, didi an-
dawyebuli amerikis aRmoCena da Seswavla. amitom aq
tilis kunZulTa jgufSi Semavali kunZulovani saxel-
qristefore kolumbis sapativcemulod agebulia gran-
mwifo, romlis farTobi Seadgens 11,1 aT kv. km-s. igi
diozuli memoriali _ Zegli da piramidis saxis muzeu-
mdebareobs kubidan samxreTiT 145 km-is, xolo haitis
mi. man santo-domingos erT-erT teritorias uwoda siu-
kunZulidan 190 km-is daSorebiT da iTvleba karibis
dad-koloniali, romelic 1980 wels Seiyvanes iuneskos
zRvis erT-erT yvelaze did kunZulad. iamaika aris
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi.
konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana. qveynis dedaqa-
laqia kingstoni. qveynis oficialuri ena aris ingli-
suri. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Sead-
467 468
gens 2,65 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_11,7 mlrd aSS dolars, tego-beis mezoblad mdebareobs Zveli saxlebi. aq tu-
xolo erT mosaxleze ki _4,3 aTas aSS dolars. qveynis ristebma SeiZleba daaTvalieron tropikuli kulture-
valutaa iamaikuri dolari. misi oficialuri religia bi. iamaikis cnobil kurortebs warmoadgenen agreTve
aris rastafari, romelic warmoiSva 1930-ian wlebSi. negrilis, oCo-riosis da port-antonios kurortebi. ia-
iamaika pirvelad aRmoaCines espanelebma. didi xnis maikis kunZulovan qveyanaSi klimati mSrali da tropi-
ganmavlobaSi igi dapyrobili hqondaT espanelebs, in- kulia.
gliselebs, frangebs, portugalielebs, romelTac aq barbadosi aris vest-indoeTis mcire antilis kun-
monebi CamohyavdaT sxvadasxva qveynidan. 1655 wlidan ZulTa jgufSi Semavali, konstituciuri monarqiis mqo-
mas daeufla britaneTis imperia. saukuneTa manZilze am ne qveyana, romelic Sedis erTa TanamegobrobaSi. barba-
erTa kulturuli tradiciebi urTierTSeerwya. Sedegad dosis dedaqalaqia brijtauni. misi farTobi Seadgens
iamaikelTa mentalitetSi Tavmoyrilia yvela xalxis 431 kv. km-s. 2006 wlis mdgomareobiT, aq cxovrobs 279
tradiciebi. iamaikaSi moipoveba didi raodenobiT boq- aTasi kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 4,9 mlrd aSS dolars,
sitebi, romelic miewodeba amerikis SeerTebul Sta- xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 17,6 aTas aSS dolars. qvey-
tebs. nis oficialuri ena aris inglisuri. valuta aris bar-
iamaika. badosis dolari.
Tanamedrove barbadosi silamazis, romantikis, das-
venebisa da Tavgadasavlebis qveyanaa. turizmi iTvleba
misi ekonomikis erT-erT wamyvan dargad. es saxelmwifo
msoflioSi cnobilia lamazi vardisferqviSiani plaJe-
biT. zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs samefo wris warmo-
madgenelTa Zeglebi. ukve samasi welia barbadosSi
iwarmoeba cnobili alkoholuri sasmeli _romi. brij-
taunSi cxovrobs 97 aT kaci. qalaqis garSemo Seqmni-
lia aglomeracia. igi moqceulia sent-miSelis olqSi.
Tanamedrove brijtauni warmoadgens vest-indoeTis tu-
ristul RirsSesaniSnaobas. 2011 wels qalaqis istori-
uli nawili iuneskom Seitana msoflio memkvidreobis
Tanamedrove etapze iamaika gadaiqca dasvenebis cno-
ZeglTa siaSi. brijtaunSi mdebareobs bevri arqiteqtu-
bil adgilad. kunZulze mravlad aris lamazi plaJebi.
ruli Zegli. maT Soris aris admiral helsonis Zegli.
gansakuTrebiT popularulia montego-beis axlos mde-
kunZulze aris erovnuli parkebic. am parkebis veluri
bare dasvenebis zona. am sakurorto zonaSi didia sas-
bunebis pirobebSi SemorCa tropikuli mcenareebisa da
tumroebis, restornebis da maRaziebis arCevani. wyal-
cxovelebis unikaluri jiSebi. barbadosSi kargadaa
qveSa parki aq izidavs Rrma wyalSi curvis moyvaru-
ganviTarebuli sastumro da turistuli infrastruq-
lebs. kunZuls gaaCnia golfis saTamaSo moedani. mon-
tura. feSenebeluri kurortebi mdebareobs mcire anti-
469 470
lis, antiguas, arubas, sent-lusias, kuroSios da sxva zis sigrZea 7491 km. qveynis teritoria aRmosavleTidan
kunZulebze. dasavleTiT gadaWimulia 4348 km-ze, xolo CrdiloeTi-
barbadosi. dan samxreTiT ki_4320 km-ze. braziliis farTobi Sead-
gens 8,512 mln kv. km-s. riTac is orjer Warbobs dasav-
leT evropas. 2012 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba
Seadgens 190,7 mln kacs. mosaxleobis saSualo simWid-
rove Seadgens 22 kacs 1 km2-ze. qveynis dedaqalaqia bra-
zilia, xolo udidesi qalaqebia_san-paulu, rio-de-Ja-
neiro da salvadori. braziliis saerTo mSp Seadgens
2,294 trln aSS dolars, erT mosaxleze ki _ 12,788
aTas aSS dolars. misi oficialuri enaa portugaliu-
ri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi ki aris espanuri, ingli-
suri da franguli. braziliis oficialuri religiaa
kaTolicizmi, xolo misi valuta ki aris reali.
qveyanaSi gamoyofen or msxvil bunebriv olqs:
CrdiloeTiT_amazonis dablobs da qveynis samxreTiT,
centralur nawilSi mdebare _ braziliis mTianeTs.
samxreT amerikis turistuli potenciali da mTianeTi moicavs qveynis teritoriis 2/3 nawils, rome-
misi amoqmedebis SesaZleblobebi lic maRldeba CrdiloeTidan samxreTiT da samxreT-
aRmosavleTiT. mTianeTi Crdilo-dasavleTiT uerTdeba
rogorc avRniSneT, samxreT amerikaSi Sedis venesue- 1,6 mln km2 farTobis mqone amazonis msoflioSi udi-
la, ekvadori, peru, Cile, paragvai, argentina, urugvai, des tropikul dablobs.
kolumbia, gaiana, surinami, brazilia, bolivia, safran-
geTis gviana, folklendis kunZulebi.
braziliis turistuli potenciali
braziliis federaciuli respublika mdebareobs

samxreT amerikaSi da ukavia am kontinentis naxevari
teritoria. mas esazRvreba urugvai, argentina, bolivia,
peru, kolumbia, venesuela, gaiana, surinami da safran-
geTis gviana. maTgan yvelaze grZeli sazRvari (3400 km)
aqvs boliviasTan. aRmosavleTiT brazilias farTo ga-
sasvleli aqvs atlantis okeaneze, romlis sanapiro xa-
471 472
brazilia. nebiT. braziliis klimati xelsayrelia soflis meur-
neobis yvela saxis kulturis mosayvanad.
braziliis napirebTan pirveli evropelebi gamoC-
dnen 1500 wels, romelTa yuradReba pirvelad gamax-
vilda Zvirfasmerqnian xe _paubrazilze, romlisganac
warmoiqmna Semdeg mTeli qveynis saxelwodeba. 1822
wlamde braziliaze koloniur batonobas avrcelebda
portugalia. Tanamedrove braziliis teritoria Zve-
lad indielebiT iyo dasaxlebuli, romlebic axlac
arian SemorCenili amazonis junglebSi. brazilieli
eri Camoyalibda portugalielebis, italielebisa da
adgilobrivi indieli aborigenebis SereviT.
brazilia cnobilia wyaluxvi mdinareebiT. dasavle-
Tidan aRmosavleTiT qveynis mTel teritorias kveTs
msoflios erT-erTi ugrZesi da yvelaze wyaluxvi mdi-
nare _ amazoni (6280 km), romelic gaedineba braziliis
teritoriaze 3165 km-ze. mas mravali Senakadi aqvs. para-
na braziliis, da zogadad samxreT amerikis, meore
udidesi mdinarea, romliTac irwyveba qveynis samxreTi
da samxreT-dasavleT savargulebi. parana gamoirCeva
hidroenergiis didi potencialiT. braziliis sxva mdi-
nareebidan gamoirCeva rio san-fransisisku (2900 km),
braziliaSi klimati ekvatoruli da tropikulia. araguaia (2600 km) da sxvebi.
qveynis teritoriis udidesi nawili mdebareobs tropi- braziliis teritoriis TiTqmis naxevari dafarulia
kul sartyelSi, misi samxreTi nawili ki eqceva sub- tyeebiT, romelic moicavs 50 aTasamde floras. maTgan
tropikul zonaSi. qveyana didi raodenobiT (1000 mm-ze 12 aTasi endemuri jiSisaa. jiSebis mravalferovnebiT,
met) naleqs iRebs yovelwliurad. aq naleqebi sezonu- simWidroviT da mravaliarusianobiT gamoirCeva amazo-
rad araTanabrad aris ganawilebuli. Sesabamisad ga- nis dasavleTi nawili. amazonis tyeebi jer kidev ar
nasxvaveben mSral da tenian sezons. braziliis mTia- aris srulyofilad Seswavlili. aq aris 4 aTasze meti
neTSi Warbobs subekvatoruli klimati cxeli, teniani merqniani jiSis xe, aseulobiT jiSis palma. mravalfe-
zafxuliT da Tbili, mSrali zamTriT. mTianeTis aRmo- rovania braziliis cxovelTa samyaroc. braziliaSi
savleTiT klimati cxeli da teniania. qveynis ukidure- didi yuradReba eqceva garemos dacvas. am mizniT Seq-
si samxreTi warmodgenilia teniani subtropikuli sava- mnilia erovnuli parkebi.
473 474
brazilia Sedgeba 26 Statisa da 1 federaluri ol- rkina, marganeci, manqanebi da iaraRi. yavis moyvaniT
qisagan. mosaxleoba Zalian araTanabradaa ganlagebu- brazilias pirveli adgili ukavia mTel msoflioSi.
li. misi naxevari cxovrobs qveynis aRmosavleT nawi- braziliaSi turizmis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs am
lis sanapiro zolSi, mTeli teritoriis 1/10-ze. amazo- qveynis satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTrebis maRa-
nis dablobi da braziliis mTianeTi meCxrad aris da- li done. transportis saxeobebs Soris ganviTarebulia
saxlebuli. qveynis dasavleTis da CrdiloeTis 7 Stat- saavtomobilo, sarkinigzo samdinareo, sazRvao da sahae-
Si, romelTac braziliis teritoriis naxevarze meti ro transporti. qveynis avtoparki 15 mln avtomobils moi-
uWiravT, cxovrobs mosaxleobis mxolod 5%. amdenad cavs. sarkinigzo transporti ganviTarebulia qveynis sam-
brazilia urbanizaciis maRali doniT xasiaTdeba. xreT da samxreT-aRmosavleT mxareSi. sazRvao transpor-
ti udides rols asrulebs qveynis sagareo ekonomikuri
brazilia aris agrarul-industriuli qveyana. igi
kavSirebis damyarebaSi. brazilias 8 saerTaSoriso donis
xasiaTdeba mniSvnelovani bunebrivi resursebiTa da
navsadguri da 21 saerTaSoriso klasis aeroporti aqvs.
samrewvelo potencialiT. brazilia mdidaria oqros,
igi msoflioSi cnobilia fexburTiT, yaviT, rio-deJanei-
rkinis, boqsitebis, manganumis, nikelis, fosfatebis,
ros karnavaliT, sambasa da bosanovas musikiT. qveynis
platinas, qromitis, baritis, volframis, kobaltis, ka- RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba dedaqalaqi_brazilia,
lis, uranis, azbestis, kaliumis marilebisa da saSeni salvadoris, olindas, goias, diamantisa da ourupretus
xe-tyis maragebiT. amave dros qveyana ganicdis energe- istoriuli centrebi, abrolosis, amazonis, emasis, igua-
tikuli resursebis mniSvnelovan simcires. brazilia sus, piko-da-neblinis, Jaus, sera-da-kapivaris, tumukumakus,
erovnuli Semosavlis potencialiT pirveli qveyanaa ubaJaris, Sapadadus erovnuli parkebi. aq turizmis ganvi-
laTinur amerikaSi da mTeli rigi ekonomikuri maCve- Tarebas xels uwyobs agreTve gvianis zegani, gran-Cako,
neblis mixedviT Sedis msoflios umsxviles saxelmwi- ibirapueris parki, itaipus kaSxali, pantanalis nakrZali,
foTa aTeulSi. qveyanaSi did rols asrulebs ucxouri kuritipis botanikuri baRi da san-paulus xelovnebis mu-
kapitali, romelic Semodis ZiriTadad aSS-dan, CineTi- zeumi.
dan, germaniidan, iaponiidan, Sveicariidan da gaerTia- braziliis galerea xelovnebis nimuSTa Tavmoyris er-
nebuli samefodan. T-erTi udidesi adgilia. misi eqsponatebis raodenoba 8
ucxouri kapitalis xarjze aq ganviTarda qimiuri, aTass aRemateba torusi aris evropasTan da afrikasTan
farmacevtuli, eleqtroteqnikuri mrewveloba. brazi- yvelaze axlos mdebare braziliuri qalaqi. torusSi mde-
liis ekonomikis wamyvani dargia mrewveloba. mis tra- bareobs kalkanaris Suqura. braziliaSi mdebareobs iunes-
diciul dargebs ganekuTvneba kvebis, msubuqi, cementisa kos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Sem-
da celuloza-qaRaldis mrewveloba. braziliis ekono- degi turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani: braziliis atlanti-
kuri tye, goiasi, diamantina, kongoniasi, olinda oru-pre-
mikis erT-erTi wamyvani dargia soflis meurneoba. igi
tu, pantanalis nakrZali, rokasi, san-kristovani, san-lui-
agraruli produqciis erT-erTi umsxvilesi eqsportio-
si, san-migel-das-misioni, sera-du-mari, fernandu-di-noro-
ri qveyanaa msoflioSi. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs yava, ka-
nia, emasis, iguasus, Jaus, sera-da-kapivarisa da Sapada--
kao, bamba, Saqris lerwami, brinji da soio. garda ag-
dus-veadeirusis erovnuli parkebi.
raruli saqonlisa, mas gaaqvs safeiqro nawarmi, xe-tye,
475 476
amdenad, brazilia warmoadgens turistebisTvis espanuri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi ki aris _ ingli-
Zalze popularul qveyanas. mas gaaCnia amazonis tropi- suri, italiuri, germanuli da franguli. argentinis
kuli tyeebis unikaluri ekosistema. rio-de-Janeiros teritoriis farTobi Seadgens 2,767 mln km2-s. 2010
mTavar simbolos warmoadgens orkovados mTaze agebu- wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 40,1 mln
li qristes Zegli. qalaqis kidev erT simbolos warmo- kacs, saerTo mSp _ 691 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT
adgens buxtu guanabaras SesasvlelSi mdebare qandake- mosaxleze moweuli mSp aris 13,3 aT. aSS dolari. qvey-
ba. rio-de-Janeiros wamyvan arqiteqturul Zegls warmo- nis erovnuli valuta aris argentinuli peso, xolo
adgens koloniuri eklesiebi, san-bentosa da san-anto- misi religia ki aris kaTolicizmi.
nios monastrebi. am qalaqSi aris xelovnebis bevri argentina.
erovnuli da istoriuli muzeumi. rio-de-JaneiroSi Ca-
tarebul festivalze yovel wels miemgzavreba aTiaTa-
sobiT turisti, raTa isini datkben am ulamazesi, musi-
kaluri, ~cecxlovani” sacekvao dResaswauliTa da mo-
cekvaveTa CacmulobiT. qalaqis quCebi gaSenebulia ekva-
toruli mimarTulebiT. mTel msoflioSi farTod aris
cnobili ~marakanas” udidesi safexburTo moedani da
kopa-kabanas, ipamenas, lebnonis okeanuri plaJebi, rome-
lic CaZirulia qalaqis ukidures samxreT-aRmosavleT
mxareSi.
argentinis turistuli potenciali
argentina aris warmomadgenlobiTi demokratiis

mqone federalur-saprezidento respublika, romelic
sididiT yvelaze didia espanurenovan qveynebs Soris,
meorea samxreT amerikaSi da mervea mTel msoflioSi.
misi saxelwodeba ~argentina” warmoiqmna laTinuri
sityvisagan ~Argentum”, rac qarTulad niSnavs
vercxls. qveynis teritoria moqceulia dasavleTidan
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, argentina iyofa 22
andebsa da aRmosavleTidan atlantis okeanes Soris,
provinciad, buenos-airesis avtonomiur olqad da
romelsac CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba paragvai da bolivi-
erovnuli teritoriis_~cecxlovani miwad”. provincie-
a, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT _ brazilia da urugvai, xo-
bi, Tavis mxriv, iyofa departamentebad. ~cecxlovani
lo dasavleTiT da samxreTiT ki_Cile. argentinis de-
miwa” aramarto samxreT amerikis, aramed mTeli msof-
daqalaqia buenos -airesi. misi oficialuri ena aris
477 478
lios yvelaze samxreTuli arqipelagi da antarqtikisa- noba. argentinis kultura gansxvavebulia qveynis sxva-
ken gasasvleli ~karibWea”, romelic 1520 wels aRmoaCi- dasxva geografiul regionSi. is Serwymulia eTnikuri
na fernando magelanma. igi samxreT amerikisagan gamo- jgufebis kulturasTan. Tanamedrove argentinis kul-
yofilia magelanis srutiT. arqipelagis hava zomieria, turam didi gavlena ganicada evropuli civilizaciisa-
xolo farTobi ki 72 aTasi km2. misi aRmosavleT nawi- gan. sul ufro mcirdeba adgilobriv indielTa da af-
li ekuTvnis argentinas, xolo dasavleTi ki_Ciles. ar- rikelTa gavlena argentinis kulturaze. buenos-airesi
qipelagis adgilobrivi tbebi saSualebas iZleva tu- aris evropuli arqiteqturis sanimuSo magaliTi. Zveli
ristebma daaTvalieron sxvadasxva jiSis frinvelebi. ubnebis stili Serwymulia koloniur arqiteqturasTan.
zRvis kruizebi am adgilebSi turizmis ganviTarebis urbanul centrebSi mravladaa muzeumebi, kinoTeatrebi
kidev erTi damatebiTi SesaZleblobaa. erT-erTi maTga- da galereebi. argentinis arqiteqturul Senoba-nagebo-
ni gadis gvirabiT xolo adgilobrivi rkinigza gadis bebs ganekuTvneba: argentinis kongresi, kasa-rosada, ku-
nakrZalSi. ruCetis saxli da plasa-de-maio.
warsulSi es qveyana dapyrobili hqonda espanelebs, argentinaSi warmodgenilia erovnuli parkebis far-
romelTac XVI saukuneSi gadmocures rio-de -la-pla- To sistema, sadac warmodgenilia bunebis saocari si-
tas sanapiro da darwmundnen am miwis vercxliT sim- lamaze. am parkebs Soris aRsaniSnavia: baritus, el-le-
didreSi. argentinaSi SeiZleba gamoyofili iqnes ram- onsitos, el-palmaris, el-reis, kalileguis, kampo-de--
denime bunebrivi zona da raioni, romelTac gaaCniaT los-alisos, kebrada-del-kondoritos, kopos, laguna--
ganumeorebeli Taviseburebebi da turistuli mimzidve- blankas, laninis, lieu-kalelis, los-alersesis, los-
loba. pampa _ es aris didi farTobis mqone nayofieri araianesis, los-kardonesis, mburukuiis, monte-leonis,
miwa, mdinareebis farTo qseliT. qveyanam espaneTisagan nauel-uapis, perito -morenos, pilkomaios, predeltis,
damoukidebloba miiRo 1816 wels. aq klimati zomieri puelos, san-gilermos, siera-de-laskixadasis, Cakosa da
da tropikulia. argentinis bunebriv resursebs gane- cecxlovani miwis erovnuli parkebi.
kuTvneba: nayofieri miwebi, vercxli, tyvia, TuTia, ka- argentinaSi mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvid-
la, spilenZi, rkinis madani, manganumi, navTobi, urani, reobis ZeglTa siaSi Semavali Semdegi turistuli
bunebrivi airi da hidroenergiis udidesi maragi. argen- RirsSesaniSnaobani: buenos-airesi (koloniuri perio-
tinaSi ganviTarebulia soflis meurneoba. es qveyana dis arqiteqtura, saxviTi xelovnebis muzeumi da sam-
msoflio bazarze iTvleba xorblisa da xorcis xatvro galerea), salta (espaneTis mmarTvelobis Zveli
msxvil mimwodeblad. igi aris gaerTianebuli erebis qalaqi), valdesis naxevarkunZuli, iezuitebis kvarta-
organizaciis, didi oceulis wevri da samxreT ameri- li, iezuitebis da kordobis misia, isCigualasto, keb-
kis erTa kavSiris damfuZnebeli saxelmwifo. rada-de-umauaka, kueva-las-manosis mRvime, nuestra-seni-
argentinelebma msoflios misces tango. isini iT- ora-de-loreto, nuestra-seniora-de-santa-ana, pintura-
vlebian fexburTis didostatebad. cnobili argentine- si, san-ignasio-mini, santa-maria-la-maiori, isCigualas-
li fexburTelebi arian diego maradona, gabriel ba- tos, los-glasiaresis, iguasusa da talampaiis erovnu-
tistuta, laonel mesi. argentinelebs uyvarT cxenos- li parkebi.
479 480
turizmi argentinaSi sakmaod maRal donezea ganvi- mravali myinvari. bariloCe aris andebis mTiswineTSi,
Tarebuli, rac pirvel rigSi qveynis geografiuli da rio-negros provinciaSi mdebare qalaqi, romelic Semo-
kulturuli mravalferovnebiT aris ganpirobebuli. sazRvrulia gasaocari silamazis tbebiT. santa-krusis
2010 wlidan am qveyanaSi turizmis samdivno gadakeTda provincia cnobilia perito-morenos myinvariT, patago-
turizmis saministrod. argentinaSi yovelwliurad 5-7 niis platoTi da plaJebiT.
mln turisti Cadis, rac TiTqmis gauTanabrda qveynidan argentinis samxreT provincias warmoadgens patago-
samogzaurod gasulTa ricxvs. mxolod buenos-airesis nia, sadac warmodgenilia sxvadasxvagvari landSafti:
aeroportiT qveyanaSi yovelwliurad Camodis 2,3 mln tbebiTa da mindvrebiT daserili mTis masivebi, mdelo-
turisti. ebi da platoebi. valdesis naxevarkunZuli, nuevosa da
buenos-airess xSirad uwodeben ~amerikis kontinen- san-xoses srutis wynari wylebi yovelwliurad (ivnisi-
tis parizsac”. is mnaxvelebs sTavazobs mraval kultu- dan dekembramde) CineTis samxreT provinciebidan iRe-
rul RirsSesaniSnaobas. buenos-airesSi turistebs Se- ben stumrebs. valdesis naxevarkunZulze mdebare porti
uZliaT gaiseirnon Zvel ubanSi braziliis sazRvarze warmoadgens turistebis dasasveneblad gagzavnis mniS-
mdebare iguasus CanCqerze. es aris samyaros erT-erTi vnelovan gzas. 1980-ian wlebSi is gadaiqca turistul
bunebrivi saocreba. damTvalierebels SeuZlia am qa- centrad.
laqSi datkbes tangos warmodgenebiT, dro gaataros turistebisaTvis santa-krusis provincia aris sru-
Tanamedrove kafeebsa da restornebSi, daagemovnos ad- liad sxvadasxvagvari landSaftis mqone ganumeorebeli
gilobrivi samzareulo, estumros Teatrs. buenos-aire- adgili. mis sanapiroze iSleba atlantis grZeli pla-
si Teatrebis raodenobiT erT-erTi pirvelia mTel Jebi, xolo kordilierebis mTebi ki turistebis win av-
msoflioSi. lenen Tvalwarmtac parkebsa da myinvarebs. provinciis
buenos-airesidan qveynis centraluri regionis_ pam- administraciuli centria el-kalafate, romelic mde-
pasken sarkinigzo da saavtomobilo magistralTa xSi- bareobs santa-krusidan 300 km-is daSorebiT. aqedan iwy-
ri qseli miemarTeba. es turistebisaTvis argentinaSi eba los-glasiaresis erovnuli parki, perito-morenos
erT-erTi yvelaze mimzidveli regionia, sadac mdebare- cnobili myinvariT. argentina gamoirCeva Rvinis damza-
obs araerTi sazRvao kurorti, maT Sorisaa mar-del- debiT. am qveyanaSi vazis axali jiSebi Tavad qriste-
plata. argentinis CrdiloeT regionSi mdebareobs tu- fore kolumbma Camoitana meore mogzaurobis dros. es-
ristebisaTvis kargad cnobili CanCqeri _ iguasu, sa- paneli dampyroblebisgan qveynis gaTavisuflebis mere,
dac saukeTeso turistuli infrastruqtura aris Seq- argentinis meRvineobam hpova elviseburi ganviTarebis
mnili. CanCqeris garSemo Seqmnilia iguasus erovnuli SesaZlebloba. qveyana, Rvinis warmoebis mixedviT,
parki, sadac daculia subtropikuli tyeebis ekosiste- iWers wamyvan adgils mTel msoflioSi.
ma. mravali turistuli RirsSesaniSnaoba mdebareobs
agreTve kordovis provinciaSi. argentinis samxreT re-
gionSi arsebuli RirsSesaniSnaobebidan aRsaniSnavia:
los -glasiaresis erovnuli parki, sadac Tavmoyrilia
481 482
venesuelas turistuli potenciali erT samflobelod. igi gamoirCeva mkveTri biomraval-
ferovnebiT. qveyanaSi xarobs sxvadasxvagvari, unikalu-
venesuelis bolivaruli respublika samxreT ameri- ri flora da fauna. venesuelas sanapiro zolSi arse-
kis CrdiloeT sanapiroze mdebare tropikuli qveyanaa. bobs sxvadasxva saxis landSafti. aq mdebareobs sam-
mas dasavleTiT esazRvreba kolumbia, aRmosavleTiT- xreT amerikis yvelaze didi tba_ marakaibo, msoflios
_gaiana, xolo samxreTiT ki_ brazilia. misi CrdiloeT erT-erTi grZeli mdinare_ orinoko. venesuelas ukidu-
sanapiro xazis sigrZea 2800 km da moicavs karibis resi Crdilo-aRmosavleTi ukavia andebis mTebs, rom-
zRvis kunZulebs. igi Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT esazRvre- lis umaRles mwvervals warmoadgens bolivaris piki
ba atlantis okeanes. venesuelis teritoriis farTobi (4,979 km). qveynis centralur nawils warmoadgens far-
Seadgens 916,4 aTas km2-s. misi dedaqalaqia karakasi, To vake. venesuela samxreTiT moicavs amazonis tropi-
oficialuri ena aris espanuri. 2010 wlis mdgomareo- kul tyeebs. aq gvianis mTianeTSi mdebareobs kanaimis
biT, am qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 29,1 mln kacs, sa- erovnuli parki, md. amazonis ganStoebebi da msofli-
erTo mSp Seadgens 347 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT os yvelaze maRali CanCqeri _ anxeli.
mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki_12 aTas dolars. misi valu- venesuelas teritoriaze adamianTa dasaxlebis kva-
ta aris venesuelis bolivari, xolo religia_kaToli- li pirvelad Cndeba 15000 wlis win, rasac adasturebs
cizmi. im droisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli sabrZolo, sanadiro da
venesuela. sayofacxovrebo iaraRebi. venesuelis sanapiroebi aRmo-
aCina qristefore kolumbma 1498 wels. am qveynis teri-
toriebis kolonizacia moaxdina espanelma dampyrob-
lebma 1522 wels, rac gagrZelda sami saukunis manZil-
ze. igi iyo espaneTis pirveli amerikuli kolonia, ro-
melmac 1821 wels miiRo damoukidebloba, rodesac vene-
suela gaxda didi kolumbiis federaciis nawili. sabo-
loo damoukidebloba man miiRo 1830 wels. XX saukunis
ganmavlobaSi venesuela samxedro reJimebiT xasiaTde-
boda. 1999 wlidan mas marTavda ugo Cavesi, romelic
gardaicvala 2013 wlis 6 marts.
venesuela mdidaria navTobiT, bunebrivi airiT, hid-
roenergiiT almasiT, rkinis madaniT, oqroTi, boqsite-
biT da sxva mineralebiT. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs nav-
Tobi, yava, rkinis madani, alumini da xili. aq amzade-
venesuela federaciuli respublikaa. mas uwodeben ben iaguars, ocelots. aq aris msoflioSi yvelaze
samxreT amerikis ~patara venecias”. is administraciu- grZeli gveli_anakonda. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT,
lad dayofilia 23 Statad, erT federalur olqad da qveyana mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli navTobis mo-
483 484
poveba-eqsportze. qveynis oficialuri ena aris espanu- ekvadoris turistuli potenciali da misi
ri. gamoyenebis perspeqtivebi
venesuelaSi mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvid-
reobis Semdegi Zeglebi: kanaimis erovnuli parki, kara- ekvadori aris samxreT amerikis Crdilo-dasavle-
kasis sauniversiteto qalaqi, qalaqi _ santa-ana-de-ko- TiT mdebare saxelmwifo, romelsac dasavleTiT esazR-
ro da misi porti. am qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas vreba wynari okeane (2237 km sigrZis mqone sanapiro zo-
xels uwyobs anri-pities, guatopos, el-avilis, iakam- liT), Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT _kolumbia, xolo sam-
bus, iurubis, kanaimis, kueva-de-la-kebrada-del-toros, xreT-aRmosavleTiT ki_peru. qveynis dedaqalaqia kito,
los-rokesis arqipelagis, medanos-de-koros, moCimis, xolo udidesi qalaqi ki aris guaiakili. misi oficia-
san-estebanis da siera-nevadis erovnuli parkebi. vene- luri enaa espanuri. ekvadoris teritoriis farTobia
suelas aqvs mzis dResaswauli _ feria-del-sol, rome- 283,56 aTasi km2. 2011 wlis mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosax-
lic am qveynisaTvis warmoadgens kulturis saerTaSo- leoba Seadgens 15,224 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 127,4
riso festivals. igi tardeba yoveli wlis TebervalSi mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp
qalaq _ meridaSi. festivalis programa Seicavs xare- ki _ 8,5 aTas dolars. misi valutaa aSS dolari.
bis brZolas, gamofenebs, koncertebs, aRlumebs, sas- ekvadori.
porto Sejibrebasa da mzis dedoflis arCevas. qveynis
turistul resurss ganekuTvneba qalaqi _ karakasi, qa-
laqi _ marakaibo da meridas raioni.
venesuelas kurortebze ganlagebulia msxvili sas-
tumro kompleqsi. turistul centrad SeiZleba CaiTva-
los porlamari, la-asunsioni, la-guaira, el-limoni
da sxva. qveyanaSi dasvenebisTvis yvelaze popularul
adgils warmoadgens karibis zRvis kunZulebi, sadac
turistebi SeiZleba dakavdnen TevzWeriT, curviTa da
naosnobiT. venesuelasTan axlos mdebareobs patara
kunZulovani saxelmwifoebi: trinidadi, tobago, grena-
da, kiurasao, bonaire, aruba da levardi. mag, arubas
kunZuli cnobilia imiT, rom aq mdebareobs, simZlavris
mixedviT, msoflioSi erT-erTi umsxvilesi navTobgada-
mamuSavebeli qarxana. cxadia, es ar uSlis kunZuls ekvadori aris agrarul-industriuli qveyana, rome-
xels imaSi, rom igi iyos dasvenebisaTvis prestiJuli lic erT-erT pirvel adgils iWers mTel msoflioSi
adgili. kolumbias uwodeben arqeologiuri parkebis sabanko produqtebis eqsportis mixedviT. aq mniSvnelo-
samefos. qveynis turistul resurss ganekuTvneba misi van moculobas aRwevs navTobis mopoveba. administraci-
erovnuli parki. uli TvalsazrisiT ekvadori iyofa 24 provinciad da
485 486
dedaqalaqis olqad (kito). provinciebi, Tavis mxriv, kitos mxolod 1 km monakveTi xvdeba 0 gradus ga-
iyofa 199 kantonad. kantonebi ki iyofian olqebad. ki- nedSi, sadac aRmarTulia specialuri monumenti da mu-
todan CrdiloeTiT 25 km-is daSorebiT qveyanas kveTs zeumi. mas adgilobrivebi uwodeben ~dedamiwis centrs”.
ekvatori. kosta aris wynari okeanis sanapiro raioni, kitoSi mdebareobs agreTve la-kompacias, san-francis-
romelic moicavs dablobs da andebis mTianeTs. aq tem- kosa da san-diegos monastrebi, rac xels uwyobs aq
peratura meryeobs 24-270-is farglebSi. andebis mTebi turizmis ganviTarebas. Zalian sainteresoa koloniuri
Sedgeba dasavleT da aRmosavleT kordilierisagan. an- xelovnebis muzeumi. kuenka aris asuais provinciis ad-
debis aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs amazonis teniani dab- ministraciuli centri. igi ekvadoris sididiT mesame
lobi, sadac cxovroben adgilobrivi indielebi. am re- qalaqia mosaxleobis mixedviT. am qalaqSi mdebareobs
gions ukavia qveynis teritoriis 40%. kolonializmis periodis mravali istoriuli Zegli,
galapagosis arqipelagi mdebareobs qveynis konti- romelic 1999 wels Seitanes iuneskos msoflio mem-
nenturi nawilidan dasavleTiT 1000 km-is daSorebiT. kvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi. sangais erovnuli parki mde-
igi Sedgeba 12 kunZulisagan, romelTagan 5 dasaxlebu- bareobs morona-santiagos, Cimborasos da tingurauas
lia. civma okeanurma dinebam, ekvatorTan siaxlovem da provinciebis teritoriaze. 1993 wels is Seitanes iu-
kontinentisagan izolaciam Camoayaliba unikaluri neskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi.
flora da fauna, romelTa umravlesoba endemuria. kun- ekvadoris bunebrivi peizaJebis mravalferovnebam
Zulebi gamocxadebulia erovnul parkebad, rac xels da ganumeoreblobam is gadaaqcia turizmis ganviTare-
uwyobs am qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas. bisaTvis mimzidvel qveynad. kito da galapagosis kun-
kito aris qveynis politikuri, ekonomikuri da kul- Zulebi iunesko-s mier aRiarebulia kacobriobis kul-
turuli centri. igi mdebareobs samxreT-amerikis Crdi- turul da bunebriv miRwevad. galapagosis kunZulebi
lo-dasavleT nawilSi, romelic kontinentis erT-erTi warmoadgens ekvadoris ZiriTad turistul obieqts. po-
yvelaze lamazi qalaqia. 1978 wels kito gaxda meore pularobiT sargeblobs am kunZulTa plaJebi. ekvado-
obieqti (galapagosis kunZulebis Semdeg), romelic Se- ris erT-erT ulamazes adgils warmoadgens Cimborasos
iyvanes iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi. provincia, romelic zRvis donidan 6310 metrze mdeba-
zamTrobiT temperatura Seadgens 14-150-s. kito mdebare- reobs. aq gadis erT-erTi yvelaze maRalmTiani rkinig-
obs zRvis donidan 2800 metris simaRleze. Sesabamisad za mTel msoflioSi. guaiasis provincia aRiarebulia
igi, zRvis donidan simaRleze mdebareobis mixedviT, plaJebiT. turistebs aq xvdeba rbili klimati, kargi
meorea msoflioSi la-pasis Semdeg. kito gamoirCeva pirobebi wylis sportis dauflebisaTvis. qveyanaSi iT-
mravali kulturul-istoriuli TaviseburebiT da tra- vlian 20-ze met erovnul parksa da ekologiur nak-
diciebiT. am qveynis arqiteqturaSi turistma SeiZleba rZals, romelTac uWiravT qveynis teritoriis 16%. am
SeamCnios espanuri, holandiuri da kolumbiuri stili. parkebSi dgas arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, saseirno bili-
qalaqis cnobil RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens damou- kebiTa da sadgomebiT aRWurvili rva daculi terito-
kideblobis centraluri moedani ria. turistebma saintereso mogzauroba SeiZleba daas-
rulon xomaldze gaseirnebiT.
487 488
Ciles turistuli potenciali da misi qveynis istoriaSi bevria mniSvnelovani saukune. es
amoqmedebis gzebi aris adgilobrivi indielebis mravalsaukunovani brZo-
la espanel dampyroblebTan. Cilem espaneTisagan damo-
Ciles respublika mdebareobs samxreT amerikaSi, ukidebloba miiRo 1818 wels. Ciles istoriaSi aRsaniS-
romelic moicavs viwro sanapiro zols andebsa da navia agreTve samxreT amerikis qveynebSi salvador
wynar okeanes Soris. mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba peru, aliendes pirveli socialisturi mmarTveloba da pino-
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT _ bolivia, aRmosavleTiT_ar- Cetis droebiTi mmarTveloba, romelmac Ciles daubru-
gentina da samxreTiT_ dreikis srute. Ciles sanapiro na TviTmyofadoba.1
zoli wynar okeanesTan Seadgens 6435 km-s. misi dedaqa- Cile.
laqia santiago, xolo oficialuri ena aris espanuri,
xolo gavrcelebuli ena ki aris germanuli. Ciles
farTobia 757 aTasi km2. 2012 wlis mdgomareobiT, Ciles
mosaxleoba Seadgens 16,572 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _
299,8 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze moweu-
li mSp ki_17,4 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa Ciles
peso. am qveynis oficialuri religia aris kaToliciz-
mi.
Ciles klimati gamoirCeva didi mravalferovnebiT.
aq CrdiloeTiT gvxvdeba udabnos klimati, aRmosavle-
TiT da samxreT-aRmosavleTiT_alpuri tundra da myin-
varebi, samxreTiT da qveynis centralur nawilSi_okea-
nuri hava. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, qveyana Sed-
geba 13 regionisa da 40 provinciisagan. mosaxleobis
85% cxovrobs qveynis urbanul raionebSi, romlis na-
xevari (7 mln kaci) koncentrirebulia santiagoSi. Ci-
les ekonomika dinamiur sabazro Zalebze da saerTaSo-
riso vaWrobaze aris orientirebuli. Ciles bunebriv
resursebs ganekuTvneba: spilenZi, saSeni masalebi, rki-
nis madani, nitratebi, Zvirfasi liTonebi, molibdeni am qveyanaSi mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvid-
da hidroenergia. qveyana cnobilia rogorc spilenZis reobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Semdegi arqiteqturuli
erT-erTi msxvili eqsportiori. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs da istoriuli Zeglebi: Ciloes monastrebi, rapa-nuis
spilenZi, rkina, molibdeni, nitratebi, foladi, Tevze-
uli, celuloza-qaRaldi da xili. 1 Сенин В. С. Организация международного туризма. Учебник. Финансы и
статистика.
489 490
erovnuli parki, valparaisos istoriuli kvartali, si- urugvais, paragvais respublikisa da perus
ueli, umberstonisa da santa-lauras gvarjilis qarxa- turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
na da aRdgomis kunZulebi. CileSi turistebs izidavs
alberto-de-agostinis, alerse-andinos, bernando-ohi- urugvai (ofic. saxeli _ aRmosavleT urugvais res-
ginsis, boske-de-frai-xorxes, viliarkis, visenteperes- publika) samxreT amerikis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawil-
rosalesis, vulkan _ islugis, kabo-de-hornis, keula- Si, atlantis okeanis sanapiroze mdebare saxelmwifoa.
tis, kongilios, korkovados, kunZul_gamblinis, kun- mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba brazilia, dasavleTiT_ar-
Zul_magdalenas, la-kampanis, laguna-del-laxis, lagu- gentina, xolo aRmosavleTidan da samxreTidan ki _
na-san-rafaelis, las-palmas-de-kokalanis, laukis, lia- atlantis okeane. qveynis farTobi Seadgens 176,2 aTas
nos-de-Calies, liuliailiakos, nauelbutis, nevado-- km2-s. urugvais dedaqalaqia montevideo. misi oficia-
tres-krusesis, omoris, onkolis, ornopirenis, pali-ai- luri enaa espanuri. 2011 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mo-
kes, pan-de-asukaris, puieues, pumalinis, rapa-nuis, to- saxleoba Seadgens 3,3 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_ 46,9 mlrd
res-del-paines, uerkeues, Ciloes da xuan-fernandesis aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze mosuli mSp ki _
arqipelagis erovnuli parkebi. 14,4 aTas aSS dolars. qveynis valuta aris urugvauli
CileSi ganlagebulia andebis mTebi (6880 m-is simaR- peso. qveynis umaRlesi mwvervalia mTa_kaTedrali.
liT). unikaluria qveynis bunebac. CrdiloeTiT mdeba- urugvaiSi mdebareobs kolonia-del-sakramento, rome-
reobs atakamas gaSlili sivrce, romlis mTvariani pei- lic Sedis msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi.
zaJi didxans daamaxsovrdeba dasasveneblad Camosul urugvai.
turistebs. wynar okeaneSi mdebare paCekos kunZulze
aRmarTulia mravalsaukunovani qvis qandakeba. Ciles
turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens ~cecxlova-
ni miwis” kunZuli, romelic mdebareobs ukidures sam-
xreTiT. fernando magelanma 1520 wels Tavisi xomaldi-
dan am adgilebSi SeamCnia xanZris mravali kera. maTi
warmoqmnis mizezebi dRemde ucnobia. erT-erTi versiis
Tanaxmad, kunZulis aborigenma tomebma (indielebma) ko-
coni daanTes Tevzis Sesawvavad. swored es cecxli da-
inaxa magelanma. bolo wlebSi Ciles aRiareba moutana
Rvinis warmoebam. dReisaTvis Cileze amaxvileben yu-
radRebas evropeli mewarmeebi, radganac TavianT qveya-
naSi Rvinis warmoebaze gaweuli danaxarjebi gacile-
biT ufro maRalia, vidre CileSi. Ciles Rvinom SeaR- urugvai aris ganviTarebuli turistuli infras-
wia postsabWour qveynebSic, radganac mas gansakuTre- truqturis mqone qveyana. igi iTvleba samxreT amerikis
buli aromati da SedarebiT dabali fasi aqvs. erT-erT usafrTxo qveynad. misi ekonomikis ganviTrebis
491 492
safuZvels warmoadgens xorcis warmoeba da marcvleu- paragvai.
lis (xorblis, simindisa da mzesumziris) moyvana. imis
gamo, rom kolonizaciis periodSi adgilobrivi indie-
li mosaxleoba srulad iqna ganadgurebuli, urugvais
mosaxleoba Sedgeba mxolod sxvadasxva qveynidan Camo-
suli imigrantebisagan. ucxoeli turistebisaTvis
urugvai imiT aris saintereso, rom qveyana mdebareobs
dedamiwis samxreT naxevarsferoSi, sadac klimati SeiZ-
leba swrafad gadavides zamTridan pirdapir zafxul-
Si, da _piriqiT. ianvris temperatura Seadgens 22-240-s.
montevideo warmoadgens Tanamedrove msoflios er-
T-erT msxvil safinanso centrs. mis arqiteqturaSi Se-
xamebulia sxvadasxva stilis da epoqis elementebi: ba-
roko, koloniuri periodi da sxva. urugvais prestiJu- administraciuli TvalsazrisiT qveyana iyofa 17
li kurortebi ganlagebulia dedaqalaqis aRmosavle- departamentad da erT federalur olqad. paragvai eko-
TiT. maT ricxvs ganekuTvneba piriapolisi, minasi da nomikurad yvelaze ufro CamorCenili qveyanaa laTi-
sero-pan-de-azkari. qveynis yvelaze prestiJuli kuror- nur amerikaSi. igi flobs Semdeg bunebriv resursebs:
tia pun-ta-del-este. hidroenergia, xe-tye, rkinis madani, manganumi da kirqva.
paragvais respublika mdebareobs samxreT amerikis misi ekonomikis ganviTarebis safuZvels warmoadgens
kontinentis centralur nawilSi. mas ar aqvs gasasvle- xorcis warmoeba. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs bamba, soia,
li zRvaze. qveyanas samxreTiT da samxreT -dasavleTiT mcenareuli zeTebi da xorci. paragvaim espaneTisagan
esazRvreba argentina, aRmosavleTiT da Crdilo-aRmo- damoukidebloba miiRo 1811 wels. 1865_1870 wlebSi ar-
savleTiT _ brazilia, xolo Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki _ gentinasTan, braziliasTan da urugvaisTan omis Sede-
bolivia. qveynis centralur nawilSi, CrdiloeTidan gad man dakarga teritoriebis didi nawili. 1932-35
samxreTiT Caedineba mdinare paragvai. samxreT amerika- wlebSi boliviasTan brZolis Sedegad ki SemoierTa
Si, centraluri mdebareobis gamo, mas ~amerikis gul- teritoriis garkveuli nawili. paragvaiSi mdebareobs
sac” uwodeben. paragvais dedaqalaqia asunsioni, xolo iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi: la-santisima-
udidesi qalaqi ki aris san-lorenso. misi oficialuri trinidad-de-parana da xesus-de-tavarange. paragvai-bra-
enebia espanuri da guarani. qveynis teritoriis farTo- zilias Soris gadebulia megobrobis xidi.
bi Seadgens 406,8 aTas km2-s. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, paragvaiSi turistebi Camodian erovnuli parkebisa
misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 6,45 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ da nakrZalebis dasaTvaliereblad. stumrebisTvis sain-
35,3 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze mSp ki _ tereso raions warmoadgens gran-Cakos mxare. es aris
5,4 aTas aSS dolars. paragvais valuta aris guarani, veluri bunebis mqone yvelaze didi rezervuari mTel
xolo religia ki _ kaTolicizmi. samxreT amerikaSi.
493 494
perus respublika mdebareobs samxreT amerikis da- visi unikaluri, gansxvavebuli kulturiT, tradiciiT,
savleT nawilSi, wynari okeanis sanapiroze, romelsac simReriT da literaturiT. espanurenovani peruelebi
CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba ekvadori da kolumbia, aRmo- ZiriTadad cxovroben wynari okeanis sanapiroze, xolo
savleTiT _ brazilia, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ boli- qalaqebSi mcxovrebTa mniSvnelovan nawils Seadgens
via, xolo samxreTiT ki _ Cile. perus dedaqalaqia li- imigrantebi, kerZod, iaponelebi da Cinelebi. qveyana ga-
ma, xolo misi oficialuri ena ki aris _ espanuri. qvey- moirCeva wynari okeanis wylebiT. administraciuli
nis farTobi Seadgens 1,28 mln km2-s. 2012 wlis mdgoma- TvalsazrisiT, perus teritoria iyofa 25 regionad.
reobiT perus mosaxleoba Seadgens 30,1 mln kacs, saer- qveynis dasavleTi nawili ukavia andebis mTaTa siste-
To mSp _ 325,4 mlrd aSS dolars, erT mosaxleze mSp mas, xolo CrdiloeT _amazonis xeobas.
ki _ 10,588 aTas dolars. misi valuta aris axali so- Tanamedrove peruSi turistebs izidavs manus, rio-a-
li. biseosa da uaskaranis erovnuli parkebi. peruSi norte-
perus saxelmwifo. Cikosa da Cavinis civilizacias ukavSirdeba uZvelesi
monomenturi taZrebis mSenebloba. ekvatoris axlos
mdebare sxva qveynebisgan gansxvavebiT, perus ara aqvs
mkveTrad gamoxatuli tropikuli klimati. andebis gav-
leniT SeimCneva klimatis mniSvnelovani gansxvaveba. pe-
rus sanapiroze klimati zomieria, 15-200 C temperatu-
riT. regioni gamoirCeva maRali tenianobiT. andebis
mTebSi simaRlis matebasTan erTad tenianoba da tempe-
ratura iklebs. andebis aRmosavleTiT ekvatoruli,
mudmivnotio havaa. swored peruSi iRebs saTaves msof-
lioSi yvelaze wyaluxvi mdinare _amazoni. peruSi mde-
bareobs samxreT amerikis yvelaze didi tba _ titikaka.
swored igi aris msoflioSi zRvis donidan yvelaze
maRla mdebare tba (3812 m). klimatisa da reliefis
uaRresad didi mravalferovnebis wyalobiT, Zalze
sxvadasxvagvaria perus flora da fauna. msoflioSi
XV saukuneSi peruSi batonobda inkebis imperia, ro- arsebuli floriT da fauniT unikaluri 117 bunebrivi
melic daamxo espaneTis imperiam. amitom Tanamedrove zonidan 84 peruSi mdebareobs. aq turisti xvdeba 5872
perus kulturis formirebaze udidesi gavlena moaxdi- endemur saxes.
na norte-Cikos, Cavinis, parakasis, naskas, uaris, tiuana- peru xasiaTdeba urbanizaciis maRali (71%) doniT.
kos uZvelesma kulturebma, Cimoris, CaCapoias inkebis mis dedaqalaq _ limaSi cxovrobs 8 mln kaci. lima
da espaneTis imperiebma. man espaneTisagan damoukideb- aris qveynis politikuri, ekonomikuri da kulturul-
loba miiRo 1821 wels. Tanamedrove peru gamoirCeva Ta- saganmanaTleblo centri. perus bunebriv resursebs ga-
495 496
nekuTvneba spilenZi, vercxli, oqro, navTobi, saSeni xe- fizikur-geografiuli TvalsazrisiT, perus teri-
tye, Tevzi, rkinis madani, qvanaxSiri, hidroenergia da toria SeiZleba davyoT sam raionad. esenia: wynari oke-
bunebrivi airi. qveyanaSi ganviTarebulia samTo-mompove- anis sanapiroze mdebare_kosta, mTiani adgili _ serra,
beli mrewvelobis dargebi. aq mimdinareobs navTobis, da amazonis ekvatoruli tye _ selva. kosta turiste-
gazis, aluminisa da spilenZis mopoveba. peru iWers er- bisaTvis mimzidvelia Tavisi xis, patara saxlebiT, sad-
T-erT wamyvan adgils msoflioSi vercxlis mopovebis gomebiTa da gareuli cxovelebis jogebiT. turistebis
sferoSi. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs spilenZi, rkina, TuTi- umravlesobisaTvis aq gamomgzavrebis umTavresi miza-
a, navTobi, yava, bamba, Saqari da Tevzis produqti. pe- nia dainaxos qveynis adgilobriv mcxovrebTa yofa--
ruSi turizmis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs transportis cxovreba. amis misaRwevad ki saWiroa isini gaemgzavron
yvela saxeobis arseboba. qveyanas seravs 80000 km sig- qveynis sustad ganviTarebul raionebSi (amazonis da-
rZis saavtomobilo gza, romelTagan 2700 km-is trasa saxlebaSi), xolo Tanamedrove garToba (kafe-barebi,
avtobania. peruSi funqcionirebs 210 aeroporti, ro- restornebi da diskotekebi) ki maT SeuZliaT naxon li-
melTa umravlesoba mcire da Sida moxmarebisaa. maTgan maSi.
saerTaSoriso dinisaa limas, xorxe Cavesis, truxili-
os, arekipas aeroportebi. reziume:
peruSi inkebis Zveli civilizaciidan SemorCenili
kultura (romelsac gancvifrebaSi mohyavs mTeli amrigad, Tanamedrove etapze, turizmis ganviTare-
msoflio) da qveynis Tvalwarmtaci, mdidari, veluri bis mixedviT, amerika II adgils iWers evropis Semdeg.
buneba ganapirobebs qveyanaSi turistebis moZalebas. aq dedamiwis am nawilis sxvadasxvagvari turistuli re-
turistebs SeuZliaT naxon maCu-pikCu-inkebis qalaqis sursi ganapirobeben turizmis mravali saxeobis ganvi-
nangrevebi, naskas udabno ucnauri giganturi naxatebiT, Tarebas. es regioni cnobilia “vest-indoeTis” saxel-
inkebis Zveli dedaqalaqi_kusko, titikakas tbasTan wodebiT. rogorc am samyaros nawili, amerika Sedgeba
mdebare punos ulamazesi regioni. peruSi mdebareobs ori ZiriTadi sub-regionisagan. esenia: 1. CrdiloeT- da
iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Semdegi Zeglebi: li- 2. laTinuri amerika. laTinuri amerika, Tavis mxriv,
mas da arekipas istoriuli centrebi, qalaqi _ kusko, moicavs centralur da samxreT amerikas. amerikas mie-
naska, maCu-piqCus nangrevebi, Can-Canis arqeologiuri kuTvneba kunZulovani qveynebi da karibis auzis teri-
zona, uaskaranis, rio-abiseosa da manus erovnuli par- toriebi. CrdiloeTi da centraluri amerika ZiriTa-
kebi. peruSi turistebi ZiriTadad Camodian mraval- dad warmodgenilia sami umsxvilesi qveynis: amerikis
ricxovani piramidebis, Zeglebisa da adgilobrivi kul- SeerTebuli Statebis, kanadisa da meqsikis saxiT.
turuli cixe-simagreebis gacnobis mizniT, romlebic CrdiloeT amerikis yvelaze ganviTarebul qveyanas
dRemde Cakargulia junglebSi. swored perus adgilob- warmoadgens amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi. amerikaSi
rivma indielebma daiwyes kartofilis pirveli jiSis ganviTarebulia Sida turizmi, xolo ucxoel turis-
gamoyvana, romelic Semdeg gavrcelda mTel msoflio- tTa yvelaze mZlavri nakadi moedineba mosazRvre meqsi-
Si. kidan da kanadidan. amerikaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis
497 498
ganviTareba dakavSirebulia aq bevri msxvili qalaqis franciskos monasteri. iamaikaze mravlad aris lamazi
gaSenebasTan: niu-iorki, vaSingtoni, maiami, los-anje- plaJebi. gansakuTrebiT popularulia montego-beis si-
lesi, san-francisko, las-vegasi da sxvebi. niu-iorki axloves mdebare dasasvenebeli zona. dominikelTa res-
cnobilia Tanamedrove xelovnebis amsaxveli muzeume- publikas gaaCnia zRaprulad lamazi plaJebi da kari-
biT, amerikel indielTa xelovnebiT da a. S. turistebs bis zRvis sufTa wyali. barbadosSi kargad aris ganvi-
uyvarT dasveneba qalaqis centralur parkSi. aq maT Se- Tarebuli turistuli infrastruqtura. braziliaSi
iZleba daaTvalieron manxetenis ZirZveli geologiuri bevri muzeumia. santa-krusis provincia jadosnuri ad-
RirsSesaniSnaobani. vaSingtonis ZiriTad RirsSesaniS- gilia, sruliad sxvadasxvagvari, ganumeorebeli lan-
naobas warmoadgens TeTri saxli, aSS-s erovnuli mu- dSaftiT. mis sanapiroze iSleba usasrulo atlantis
zeumi. maiami cnobilia Tavisi lamazi plaJebiT, palme- okeanis plaJebi. venesuelas kurortebze ganlagebulia
biT, sastumroebiT, niangebis fermebiT, cnobil pirTa msxvili sastumro kompleqsebi. ekvadoris bunebrivi pe-
saxlebiTa da vilebiT. dasvenebis popularul saxes aq izaJebis mravalferovnebam da ganumeoreblobam igi ga-
warmoadgens Statis sanapiros farglebSi ganxorcie- daaqcia turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis mimzidvel qveynad.
lebuli sazRvao kruizebi. turistebs SeuZliaT aq da- aq aRmarTulia mravalsaukunovani, istoriuli qandake-
aTvalieron erTmaneTze gadajaWvuli mTebi da myinvar- bebi. urugvaiSi turistebs izdavs prestiJuli kuror-
wverebi. aSS aris saganmanaTleblo turizmis centri. tebi.
monreali aris mniSvnelovani istoriuli da kulturu-
li centri. manitoba sainteresoa mravalferovani bune- ZiriTadi terminologia:
biT. xSiri, Sereuli tyeebi, tbebi, mdinareebi, Crdilo-
eTis polaruli tundra _ yvelaferi es qmnis ganumeo- - ~mcuravi xalxi”;
rebel peizaJs. - ~axali inglisi”;
meqsikaSi arsebobs amerikis, maias da actekebis - erovnuli parki;
xalxTa uZvelesi civilizacia. qveyanaSi jer kidev Se- - mzis dedoflis arCeva;
morCenilia Zveli qalaqebis maiasa da actekebis (CiCen- - ~dedamiwis centri”;
icas, palenkesa da sxvaTa) nangrevebi, Tavisi piramide- - ~cecxlovani miwa”;
biT, ZeglebiT, qvis cixe-simagreebiTa da sacxovrebeli - ekologiuri nakrZali;
saxlebiT. maT Soris gamoyofen actekebis piramidebs, - samxreT amerikis ~patara venecia”.
istoriul Zeglebs da wris saxiT gamoxatuli mzis ka-
lendaris qvas.
testebi:
Taviseburia panamaSi dasaxlebul indiel tomTa
kulturac. aq turistebs SeuZliaT adgilobrivi moxe- 1. msoflioSi yvelaze grZeli sanapiro xazi kunZule-
leebisagan, suveniris saxiT, SeiZinon induri kalaTebi bis CaTvliT aqvs:
da skulpturebi. kubas gaaCnia istoriuli RirsSesaniS- a) kanadas,
naobani: Zveli cixe-simagre, sami mefis Zegli da san- b) ruseTs;
499 500
g) CineTs; Tavi 10.
d) safrangeTs. azia-wynari okeanis regionis turistuli po-
tenciali
2. kanadis caTambjenebis qalaqi aris:
a) saskaCevani;
b) manitoba; azia-wynari okeanis regioni, saerTaSoriso turiz-
g) axali Sotlandia; mis aRmavlobis TvalsazrisiT, mTel msoflioSi war-
d) monreali. moadgens yvelaze dinamiurad ganviTarebad regions,
magram turistebis nakadi aq jer kidev ar aris imdenad
3. perus saxelmwifo mdebareobs: didi, rogorc es aris evropisa da amerikis qveynebSi.
a) CrdiloeT amerikis teritoriaze; mosalodnelia, rom axlo momavalSi am regionis zogi-
b) samxreT amerikis teritoriaze; erTi qveyana, turistebis mozidvis mixedviT, mowinave
g) samxreT afrikis teritoriaze; poziciebze gamova. Tanamedrove turizmis ganviTareba
d) CrdiloeT afrikis teritoriaze. Zalze perspeqtiulia aziaSi. magaliTad, aziaSi turis-
tebma SeiZleba daisvenon taivanis kunZulovan saxel-
4. ekvadoris erT-erT lamaz adgils warmoadgens: mwifoSi.1 agreTve SesaZlebelia Tanamedrove turizmis
a) titikakas tba; ganviTareba avstraliaSic, romelsac gaaCnia maRali
b) sami mefis Zegli; rekreaciuli potenciali.
g) vulkan _ Cimborasos mimdebare teritoria; turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu-
d) samTo-mompovebeli mrewvelobis regionebi. ristul regionebs Soris, turistebis mozidvis masSta-
bis mixedviT, mesame adgilze aris azia-wynari okeanis
turistuli regioni. igi moicavs Semdeg qveynebs: iapo-
nia, CineTi, monRoleTi, taivani, samxreT korea, Turqme-
neTi, tajikeTi, uzbekeTi, yazaxeTi, yirgizeTi, avstra-
lia, axali zelandia, axali kaledonia, solomonis
kunZulebi, vanuatu, aRmosavleT timori, bahreini, kata-
ri, CrdiloeT korea, avRaneTi da palau.
1 www. 1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного

туризма.
501 502
xolo msyidvelobiTi unaris paritetis mixedviT ki, me-
aziis qveynebis turistuli potenciali same adgilzea mTel msoflioSi. garda amisa, iaponia
aris erTaderTi aziuri qveyana did rvianSi da gaeros
bolo dros sul ufro didi yuradReba eqceva tu- uSiSroebis sabWos aramudmivi wevri. miuxedavad imisa,
rizmis ganviTarebas aziis qveynebSi: iaponiaSi, samxreT rom iaponiam oficialurad uaryo omis warmoebis Se-
koreaSi, CineTSi, monRoleTSi, yazaxeTSi, uzbekeTSi, saZlebloba, mas gaaCnia Zlieri da Tanamedrove jari.
TurqmeneTSi, yirgizeTSi da a. S. iaponias uwodeben ~amomavali mzis qveyanas”. is aris ma-
RalganviTarebuli saxelmwifo, cxovrebis maRali
standartiT. iaponelTa sicocxlis xangrZlivoba yve-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
laze grZelia msoflioSi.
perspeqtivebi iaponiaSi iaponia.
iaponiis saxelmwifo aRmosavleT aziaSi mdebare

kunZulovani qveyanaa, romelic ganlagebulia wynar
okeaneSi, iaponiis zRvis aRmosavleTiT. igi esazRvreba
CineTis saxalxo respublikas, ruseTs, CrdiloeT da
samxreT koreas. iaponia 6852 kunZulisagan Semdgari ar-
qipelagia. misi oTxi mTavari kunZuli Seadgens qveynis
mTliani teritoriis 97%-s. kunZulTa umravlesobas ga-
aCnia mTiani reliefi. mosaxleobis mixedviT, iaponias
ukavia mexuTe adgili msoflioSi. misi dedaqalaqia
tokio. igi msoflios udidesi megapolisia, sadac
cxovrobs 30 mln kaci. oficialuri ena aris iaponuri.
iaponia aris saparlamento demokratiisa da konstitu-
ciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana. misi teritoriis farTo-
bi Seadgens 378 aTas km2-s, 2007 wlis mdgomareobiT aq iaponiaSi turistebs izidavs icukusimas taZari, ka-
cxovrobs 127 mln kaci. iaponiis saerTo mSp Seadgens suga-taisia, tokios arqiteqturuli Zegli_teleanZa,
4,3 trln dolars, erT mosaxleze mSp_33,8 aTas aSS iaponiis Senoba-nagebobebi, caTambjenebi, cixesimagree-
dolars. misi valuta aris iaponuri ieni. bi, xidebi, metabolistebi, fuSimi inari-taiSa, himeZis
iaponiis kunZulebze adamiani cxovrobda jer kidev cixesimagre, horiu-Zi, Sirakava-go da gokaiama. iaponia-
zemo paleoliTis periodSi. am qveynis istoria xasiaT- Si mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Semde-
deba TviTizolaciis xangrZlivi periodiT, ramac iapo- gi Zeglebi: gusuku da riu-kius samefos arqiteqturu-
niis kulturas SeunarCuna TviTmyofadoba. iaponiis li Zeglebi, iakuSima, ibami-ginZani, icukusimas taZari,
ekonomika, mTliani Sida produqciis mixedviT meore, kasuga-taisia, mihos muzeumi, kofuku-Zi, kumano-kodo,
503 504
qalaqi _ nara, nikos salocavebi da taZrebi, ogasava- ZeglebiTa da imperatoruli ZvirfaseulobiT. ukanas-
ras kunZulebi, todai-Zi, Sirakava-go, gokaiama, Siraka- knel wlebSi turistebs iaponiaSi izidavs mravalricx-
mi-sanCi, Siretovos erovnuli parki, himeiZis cixesimag- ovani sportuli RonisZiebani, kerZod: olimpiuri Tama-
re, hiraiZumis istoriuli Zeglebi da monumentebi, hi- Sebi da msoflio Cempionati fexburTSi.
rosimis mSvidobis memoriali da horiu-Zi. Tbili klimati, mravali kunZulis arseboba da
iaponia mimzidvelia bunebis gasaocari silamaziT. grZeli sanapiro xazi iaponias xdis sazRvao turizmis
iaponiis teritoriis 68% mTa-goriania. yvelaze maRali ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayrel adgilad. miT umetes, sa-
mTa_fuji warmoadgens qveynis erovnul simbolos. ia- napiro kurortebi aq, gansxvavebiT msoflios sxva qvey-
poniis ganmasxvavebel Taviseburebas warmoadgens mine- nebisagan, ar arsebobs. arc iaponiis zRvaa gamonakli-
ralur-sanedleulo bazis simwire, rac astimulirebs si, qveyanaSi sazRvao turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWi-
adgilobrivi mrewvelobisa da momsaxurebis ganviTare- roa am sferoSi ganxorcieldes kapitaldabandeba. sam-
bas. qveyana iWers erT-erT wamyvan adgils msoflioSi wuxarod, jer kidev iaponelebi upiratesobas aniWeben
gemTmSeneblobis sferoSi, roboteqnikaSi, radioeleq- ucxoeTSi dasvenebas.
tronikis nawarmis, msubuqi da satvirTo avtomobile-
bis, kompiuterebisa da sxva samrewvelo saqonlis war- samxreT koreis turistuli potenciali
moebaSi. tradiciulad is CamorCeba sxva qveynebs fai-
furisa da mxatvrul nakeTobaTa warmoebis sferoSi. samxreT korea (ofic. koreis respublika) mdebare-
XX saukunis bolos warmoqmnilma msoflio energeti- obs aRmosavleT aziaSi, koreis naxevarkunZulis sam-
kulma krizisma, romelic dakavSirebulia navTobsa da xreT nawilSi. misi mosazRvre qveyana aris CrdiloeT
navTob-produqtebze fasebis zrdasTan, aramarto ar korea. samxreT koreis teritoriis farTobia 99,6 aTasi
Seasusta, aramed gaaZliera kidec iaponuri eri, rome- km2. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Sead-
lic iZulebuli gaxda ganeviTarebina maRalteqnologi- gens 47,8 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 1,196 trln aSS do-
uri dargebi, aseve finansuri sfero, axla iaponia lars, xolo erT mosaxleze 24,5 aT aSS dolars. teri-
mTel msoflioSi aramarto samrewvelo produqciis toriuli TvalsazrisiT, es patara agrarul-industri-
msxvili mwarmoebelia, aramed igi aris azia-wynari oke- uli qveyana, mosaxleobis erT sulze produqciis war-
anis ~teqnologiuri tvini” da msoflios erT-erTi um- moebis moculobis mixedviT, msoflioSi ikavebs mecame-
sxvilesi finansuri centri. te adgils. misi dedaqalaqia seuli (9,6 mln; aglom. 20
tokios turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens mln), xolo udidesi qalaqebia pusani (3,5 mln; aglom.
budisturi Zeglebi, wminda taZrebi, imperatoris sasax- 4,3 mln), tegu (2,4 mln) da inCxobi (2,5 mln). misi ofici-
le, erovnuli muzeumi, sogecus xelovnebis centri. aluri enaa koreuli, xolo gavrcelebuli ena ki aris
osaka dasavleT iaponiis yvelaze didi qalaqia. igi inglisuri. misi religiaa budizmi, konfucianeloba da
amayobs ganaTlebis erTiani, msoflioSi yvelaze didi qristianoba. misi valutaa voni.
centriT. nara aris iaponiis yofili dedaqalaqi (qala- ukanasknel mmarTvel dinastias koreaSi warmoadgen-
qi-muzeumi), romelic cnobilia Tavisi arqiteqturuli da lis dinastia (1392-1910 ww.), romlis damaarsebelma
505 506
li-son-gem Camoayaliba Cosonis saxelmwifo (~ganTia- samxreT koreaSi turistebis mozidvas xels uwyobs
dis qveyana”). 1910 wels qveyana aneqsirebuli iqna iapo- iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa nusxaSi Sema-
niis mier. II msoflio omis dros iaponiis dabombvis vali Semdegi istoriuli Zeglebi: bulguska, iangdongi,
Semdeg, 1948 wels am teritoriaze gamocxadda koreis kionjus istoriuli zona, koCangis, hvasunesa da kan-
respublika, sadac Camoyalibda amerikuli samxedro ba- hvas dolmenebi, sokurami, Ceju, Conmio, Cosonis dinas-
za. 1953 wels koreis omis Semdeg, koreis naxevarkunZu- tiis mefeTa akldamebi, Cxandokuni, pusani, seuli, xein-
li, gaiyo demarkaciuli xazis or nawilad, romelic sa, hapoe hvasonis cixesimagre. seulSi mdebareobs Sem-
gadis daaxloebiT 38-e paralelze. demarkaciuli xazis degi saxis istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis Zegle-
samxreTiT mdebareobs koreis respublika (samxreT ko- bi: koreuli xelovnebis erovnuli muzeumi, gunbokis,
rea), xolo CrdiloeTiT ki _koreis saxalxo demokra- kunbokisa da daksus sasaxleebi. Con-juSi mdebareobs
tiuli respublika (CrdiloeT korea). maT Soris omi taZari _ hagoda-honCu-sa, xolo CenjuSi ki mdebareobs
grZeldeboda ramdenime wels. 1961-1980 wlebSi araer- lis dinastiis damaarseblis akldama.
Txel moxda samxedro gadatrialeba. 1991 wels Crdi- seuli iTvleba qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri da
loeT koreasTan xeli moewera Tavdausxmelobis aqts. kulturuli cxovrebis centrad. am qalaqSi SemorCeni-
1992 wlidan is gaeros wevria. 2000 wlidan samxreT da lia Cosonis epoqis mravali arqiteqturuli Zegli. aq
CrdiloeT koreas Soris daiwyo ~daTbobis periodi”. mdebareobs koreis safondo birJa da samxreT koreis
samxreT korea ekonomikurad erT-erTi maRalganvi- kompaniaTa mTavari ofisebi. yvelaze sarfiani vaWroba
Tarebuli qveyanaa. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, turistma SeiZleba ganaxorcielos seulis bazrobaze,
qveyana dayofilia 9 provinciad da 7 qalaqad. aq kli- sadac realizdeba qsovili, tansacmeli da tyavis na-
mati zomieria. qveyana flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, warmi. inC-hanis saporto qalaqi aris samxreT koreis
rogoricaa: qvanaxSiri, volframi, grafiti, molibdeni, dasavleT karibWe. naxevarkunZulis centralur nawil-
tyvia da hidroenergetikuli resursebi. volframis mo- Si mdebare qalaqi _ teCJoni iTvleba mecnierebis ganvi-
povebis mixedviT, samxreT korea ikavebs erT-erT wam- Tarebis centrad. iusanis cxeli barneologiuri wya-
yvan adgils msoflioSi. es qveyana cnobilia iseT sam- roebi (qalaqidan sul raRac ramdenime kilometris da-
rewvelo sawarmoTa ganviTarebis mixedviT, rogoricaa: SorebiT) Tavisi samkurnalo TvisebebiT aRiarebulia
eleqtroteqnikis, eleqtronikis, qimiuri, navTobgadama- mTeli qveynis masStabiT. qalaqi _ tegu cnobilia vaS-
muSavebeli, safeiqro, manqanaTmSeneblobis, gemTmSeneb- liTa da safeiqro mrewvelobiT. mravali saukunis gan-
lobis, eleqtroenergetikisa da samxedro sawarmoebi. mavlobaSi qalaqi warmoadgenda TafliT, sokoebiT,
qveynis centraluri da samxreT-dasavleT raionebi kakliT da sxva samkurnalo saSualebebiT biTumad vaW-
cnobilia brinjis moyvanisaTvis xelsayreli pirobebis robis centrs. qalaqi _ ConCJou iTvleba koreis kul-
mqone velebiT, sadac gaSenebulia brinjis plantacie- turis da xelovnebis centrad. ulsani aris koreuli
bi. am qveyanas saeqsportod gaaqvs avtomobilebi, safe- mrewvelobis iseT dargTa wamyvani centri, rogoricaa
iqro nawarmi, eleqtro-saqoneli. navTobis gadamuSaveba, manqanaTmSenebloba, navTob-qimi-
uri mrewveloba da gemTmSenebloba. pusani _ samxreT
507 508
koreis mTavari savaWro portia. mTliani konteinuri aSS dolars. misi valutaa iuani. CineTi farTobis mi-
tvirTbrunvis 90% tardeba swored am portis gavliT. xedviT mesame, xolo mosaxleobis mixedviT ki pirveli
Cejudos kunZuli _erT-erTia koreis cxra provin- qveyanaa msoflioSi. igi mravalerovnuli saxelmwifoa.
cias Soris. Tavisi izolirebuli mdebareobisa da aq mcxovreb 56 erovnebis xalxs Soris yvelaze mraval-
xelsayreli klimatis gamo, kunZuli iTvleba dasvene- ricxovani eria Cinelebi, romelTa odenobac aWarbebs
bis popularul adgilad. am adgilebs xSirad uwode- mosaxleobis 90%-s.
ben koreis ~dasasvenebel mindvrebs”. es mindvrebi pir- CineTi.
dapir eSveba sanapiroze, romelic daserilia mravali,
patara, keTilmowyobili plaJiT. koreis samxreT-aRmo-
savleT raionebSi Tavmoyrilia didi odenobis turis-
tuli RirsSesaniSnaoba: am adgilebSi mTavari qalaqe-
bia _ pusani da tegu. qveynis aRmosavleTiT zRvis sana-
piroebsa da mTebze ganlagebuli sastumroebi warmoad-
gens dasvenebisaTvis saukeTeso adgils. zRvispira qa-
laqebsa da tyiT dafarul mTebSi turistebma SeiZleba
daaTvalieron istoriuli Zeglebi. aqtiuri dasvenebis
moyvarulTaTvis gaSenebulia mTis kurortebi.
CineTis turistuli potenciali da misi

gamoyenebis perspeqtivebi
CineTis saxalxo respublika mdebareobs centra-

lur da aRmosavleT aziaSi, wynari okeanis dasavleT
sanapiroze. misi saxmeleTo sazRvris sigrZea 20 aTasi
km, xolo sazRvao sazRvris sigrZe ki_ 14 aTasi km. misi
CineTi ganekuTvneba im mcirericxovan qveyanaTa,
mosazRvre qveynebia ruseTi, yazaxeTi, yirgizeTi, taji-
ricxvs, sadac saxelmwifos marTavs komunisturi par-
keTi, avRaneTi, pakistani, indoeTi, nepali, bhutani, mi-
tia. komunisturi ideologiis pirobebSi mas axasiaTebs
anmari, laosi, vietnami, CrdiloeT korea da monRole-
msoflioSi erT-erTi maRali donis ekonomikuri zrdis
Ti. CineTis dedaqalaqia pekini, xolo udidesi qalaqi
tempi, saxelmwifos ekonomikuri siZliere da siRaribis
aris Sanxai. oficialuri enaa Cinuri. qveynis terito-
zRvars qvemoT myofi mosaxleobis Semcireba. adminis-
riis farTobia 9,7 mln km2. 2010 wlis mdgomareobiT mi-
traciuli TvalsazrisiT, CineTi dayofilia 22 provin-
si mosaxleoba Seadgens 1,34 mlrd kacs, saerTo mSp _
ciad, 5 avtonomiur raionad da centraluri daqvemde-
11,3 trln dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 7,5 aTas
barebis 4 qalaqad. es qalaqebia: pekini, Sanxai, tianZini
509 510
da Cuncini. CineTis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis ori specia- tianSanis mTebis aRmosavleTiT zRvis donidan 155 met-
luri avtonomiuri raioni _ hong-kongi da makao. riT dabla mdebareobs turfanis qvabuli.
CineTs gaaCnia uZvelesi istoria. Cinuri saxelmwi- CineTSi klimati sxvadasxvagvaria (himalais, pola-
foebriobis da kulturis istoria 40 saukunes iTvlis. ruli, kontinenturi, zomieri da tropikuli). misi te-
msoflio civilizaciis didi nawili saTaves swored ritoriis udidesi nawili xasiaTdeba xelsayreli kli-
CineTidan iRebs: Cinelebma gamoigones qaRaldi, denTi, maturi pirobebiT, rac iZleva soflis meurneobis yve-
sabanko krediti, qaRaldis fuli, kompasi, beWdvis teq- la saxis kulturis moyvanis saSualebas. naleqebis ra-
nologia, faifuri, abreSumi, feierverki da sxva. swo- odenobis TvalsazrisiT yvelaze uxvnaleqiania (2000
red CineTma misca danarCen msoflios erT-erTi reli- mm) kunZuli _ taivani. CineTisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia
giuri mimarTuleba _konfucianizmi, romelic aZliereb- xSiri wyaldidobebi da gvalvebi. mdinareTa udidesi
da monarqebisa da adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis Za- nawili miedineba qveynis dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisa-
lauflebas. CineTis istoriul trdiciebSi SemTxveviT ken da Caedinebian wynar okeaneSi. md. ianZi Tavisi sig-
ar aris monarqiuli dinastiebis mmarTvelobis gadace- rZiT CamorCeba mxolod nilossa da amazons. CineTi
ma. ukanaskneli monarqiuli dinastia CineTSi iyo cinis mdidaria tbebiTac, romelTa Soris 12 Tavisi farTo-
dinastia, romlis arsebobac gaxangrZlivda 1644_1911 biT aRemateba 1000 km2-s. qveyanaSi cotaa tyis safari
wlebSi. 1949 wlis 1 oqtombris revoluciis Semdeg Ca- da mas CineTis teritoriis mxolod 12% ukavia. CineTSi
moyalibda CineTis saxalxo respublika, roca miRebu- bevria endemuri jiSis mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyaro
li iqna sabWouri tipis konstitucia. 1971 wlidan Cine- (panda, oqrosferi maimuni, TeTrtuCa iremi).
Ti aris gaeros wevri. 1980-ian wlebSi komunisturi re- reliefisa da ekologiis mravalferovneba did gav-
formatorebis mier gatarebul RonisZiebaTa Sedegad lenas axdens CineTis sasargeblo wiaRiseulis simdid-
CineTma giganturi nabijebiT daiwyo winsvla, romelic reze. qveyana flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogori-
grZeldeba dRemde. qveynis centralur xelisuflebas caa: qvanaxSiri, rkinis madani, navTobi, bunebrivi airi,
seriozuli problemebi aqvs taivanTan da tibetTan. vercxliswyali, kala, volframi, manganumi, molibdeni,
CineTis teritoriis 2/3 nawili ukavia mTebsa da alumini, tyvia, TuTia, urani da msoflioSi udidesi
udabnoebs (maT Soris gobis udabnos). qveynis aRmosav- hidroenergetikuli resursebi. CineTs saeqsportod ga-
leTiT aris tipetis zegani, himalais mTebi, manjuria, aqvs Cai, xorcis produqti, Sali, bamba, navTobi, mine-
xuanxes da ianZis auzebi. swored CineTSi mdebareobs ralebi, qimikatebi, msubuqi mrewvelobis produqcia. Ci-
msoflios umaRlesi mwvervali _ jomolungma, igive neTi marcvleulis, brinjis, bambis udidesi mwarmoebe-
everesti (8,848 aTasi m), tianSanisa da beiSanis mTebi. lia msoflioSi. igi pirvelia msoflioSi hidroresur-
CineTis yvelaze grZeli mdinareebia ianZi (6300 km), xu- sebis maragis mixedviT, romlis mxolod 3,5%-ia gamoye-
anxe da amuri. mravalferovania CineTis bunebac. qveynis nebuli. qveyana moicavs liTonis 50 saxeobas. igi
aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs CineTis didi dablobi, rome- flobs 50 mlrd tona rkinis madans. CineTi warmoad-
lic gamoiyeneba soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis. gens msoflioSi bambis qsovilis umsxviles mwarmoe-
bels. igi mesame adgilzea msoflioSi Tujis warmoebis
511 512
mixedviT. reliefisa da klimatis mravalferovnebam aRemateba 1000 wels. mogaos mRvimeebi warmoadgens Ci-
sakmaod xelsayreli pirobebi Seqmna aq turizmis ganvi- nuri budizmis uZveles salocavs.
TarebisaTvis. CineTi sul ufro izidavs turistebs. am qveyanaSi
CineTSi mdebareobs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo- turizmidan miRebuli Semosavali Seadgens mSp-s 14,6%-
bis Semdegi kulturuli Zeglebi: pekinSi _ cis taZari s, rac cxadia sakmaod maRali maCvenebelia. marTalia,
(XV s.), minis da cinis dinastiebis samefo sasaxleebi, sanaxaobrivi TvalsazrisiT, sxva qveynebic lamazia,
zafxulis sasaxle da saimpero baRi; SanxaiSi _ isto- magram isini CineTs ver Seedrebian. ukanasknel aTwle-
riisa da xelovnebis muzeumi, XVI saukunis baRi da ulSi CineTi mZlavr konkurencias uwevs amerikis Seer-
taZrebi; lhasaSi _ dalai-lamas sasaxle (XVII s.); sian- Tebul Statebsac ki.
Si _cinis dinastiis pirveli imperatoris mavzoleumi, zogierTi Sefasebis Tanaxmad, XXI saukuneSi CineTi
giganturi pandemis nakrZali, dansia, daZus kldis re- gaxdeba lideri turistebis mozidvis mixedviT. CineTSi
liefi, dengfengi, diaolou, duZianianis sairigacio bevri RirsSesaniSnaobaa. mag., erT-erTi yvelaze gran-
sistema, emeiSani, vulingiua, insiu, iungani, kogurios diozuli Zeglia CrdiloeT CineTSi mdebare didi Cinu-
samefos akldamebi, liZiani, lunmeni, mukdenis sasaxle, ri kedeli, romlis saerTo sigrZec Seadgens 6700 km-s.
norbulingka, piniao, potala, sami paraleluri mdina- Cvens welTa aRricxvamde II saukuneSi imperatorma Zin-
re, samxreT CineTis karsti, sancianSani, sidi, sinan- SihaSkma wamoayena CrdiloeTiT monRolebisagan Cine-
Tropi, terakotis armia, tulou, udanSani, uiSani, uta- Tis dacvis idea. misi ageba dasrulda 1911 wels. mSe-
iSani, Cendes kurortuli zona, CineTis didi kedeli, neblobaze dasaqmebulTa umravlesoba daiRupa muSao-
taiSanis wminda mTa, konfucis taZari, mogaos mRvimee- bis dros. amitom CineTis kedels sxvagvarad uwodeben
bi, luSanis erovnuli parki, cinSenSani, ciufiu, Ziu- `did sasaklaosac”. mis gaswvriv aris mravali istori-
jaigous xeoba, xanjos tbis landSafti, xuanluni, xu- uli Zegli, romelTa umravlesoba dRes moqmedia.
anSani, xun-cuni da joxangi. CineTSi SeiZleba gamoyofili iqnes saerTaSoriso
CineTSi turistebs izidavs arqiteqturis iseTi sau- turizmis ramdenime popularuli centri: pekini, Sanxai,
keTeso Sedevrebi, rogoricaa: CineTis sasaxleebi, ~ak- makao, hong-kongi da tibeti. pekinis istoria iTvlis
rZaluli” qalaqi, CineTis Senoba-nagebobebi, pekinis 3000 wels. aq aris didi raodenobis istoriul-kultu-
erovnuli akvacentri, pekinis erovnuli stadioni, cin- ruli RirsSesaniSnaoba, romelic saSualebas iZleva
daos ubis xidi, luSanis, sancianSanis, cinSenSanis, Zi- turistebma gaanalizon CineTis warsuli, gaigon Tana-
ujaigousa da xuanlunis erovnuli parkebi. mogaos medrove mdgomareoba, warmodgena Seiqmnan am qveynis
mRvimeebi Sedgeba 492 taZrisagan, romelic mdebareobs momavlis Sesaxeb. pekinSi mdebareobs CineTis saxelmwi-
sakmaod strategiul adgilze, uZvelesi abreSumis fo muzeumi, romelsac ganekuTvneba imperatorTa sasax-
gzis kulturul da religiur gzajvaredinze _ gansus le. qalaqis CrdiloeTiT 50 km-is manZilze mdebareobs
provinciaSi. es mRvimeebi Seicavs budisturi xelovne- minis dinastiis imperatorTa samarxi. pekinis samxreTis
bis daxvewil nimuSebs, romelTa umravlesobis asakic daboloebaze aRmarTulia hivenis eklesia, sadac zaf-
xulis yvelaze did dReSi, imperatoris monawileobiT
513 514
Camodiodnen RvTismsaxurebi da aRavlendnen locvas turistebs yovelTvis izidavda tibeti da himalais
RmerTis winaSe uxvi mosavlis boZebis TxovniT. pekinis mTaTa sistemis miuwvdomeli simaRleebi. mis dalaS-
Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi mdebareobs konfuZisa da qvras mudmivad cdiloben alpinistebi. tibeti mdebare-
hivenis taZari.1 obs zRvis donidan 3660 metris simaRleze. am adgils
Sanxai, romelic mdebareobs CineTis yvelaze didi didi aRiareba moutana budizmis samonastro kompleq-
mdinaris _ ianZis SesarTavTan, cnobilia rogorc saq- sma, sadac dRemde tardeba sazeimo ritualebi. CineTSi
miani centri. es aris aziis erT-erTi umsxvilesi safi- turistebs SeuZliaT Cais, abreSumisa da mtknari wylis
nanso-ekonomikuri megapolisi. warsulSi aq cxovrobda margalitis SeZenac.
bevri ucxoeli migranti, romelTa marSrutic am qala-
qis gavliT gadioda amerikis SeerTebul StatebSi, av- monRoleTis turistuli potenciali da misi
straliasa da kanadaSi. Sanxais centraluri quCa gada- amoqmedebis problemebi
Wimulia qalaqis zRvispira mimdebare teritoriaze sa-
napiros 14 km-is sigrZis gaswvriv. aq mdebareobs Sanxa- monRoleTi aris saparlamento respublika, rome-
is saukeTeso maRaziebi da restornebi. Sanxais RirsSe- lic mdebareobs aRmosavleT-centralur aziaSi, igi
saniSnaobas ganekuTvneba budisturi monastrebi, taZre- CrdiloeTiT 3000 km--ze ruseTs esazRvreba, samxreTiT
bi, sixarulis baRi da satelevizio anZa. 4760 km-ze_CineTs, xolo dasavleTiT _ 150 km-ze _ yaza-
guanjou msxvili savaWro-industriuli megapolisi- xeTs. qveynis dedaqalaqia ulan-batori, sadac cxov-
a, romelic mdebareobs CineTis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT. robs mosaxleobis 38%. misi oficialuri enaa monRo-
guanjouSi tardeba saerTaSoriso gamofena-bazrobebi, luri. am qveynis teritoriis farTobi Seadgens 1,564
romelic dasavleTis firmebs saSualebas aZlevs Seiq- mln km2-s. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, monRoleTSi cxov-
mnan warmodgena Cinuri saqonlis Sesaxeb. guanjous si- robs 2,6 mln kaci. misi saerTo mSp Seadgens 9,4 mlrd
axloves mdebareobs hong-kongis yofili britanuli an- dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki_3,5 aT.
klavebi. hongkongi aris msoflioSi erT-erTi umsxvi- dolars. qveynis valuta aris tugrugi, xolo dominan-
lesi safinanso centri. mis turistul RirsSesaniSnao- ti religia ki _budizmi. mosaxleobis naxevari budis-
bas warmoadgens zoologiuri da botanikuri baRebi. tia, 40%_ aTeistia, 6%_ qristiania, xolo 4% ki _ mu-
makao _ es aris yofili portugaliuri kolonia, rome- sulmani. monRoleTSi arsebobs budisturi monastrebi,
lic Tanamedrove etapze iqca ~turistul meqad” kazi- rac izidavs ucxoel turistebs daTvalierebis mizniT.
noebiTa da saTamaSo saxlebiT. ukanasknel wlebSi di- ulan-batorSi aris qristianuli taZrebic.
di popularobiT sargeblobs CineTis samxreTiT mdeba- monRoleTis teritoriaze adamians ucxovria jer
re kunZuli, sadac plaJze turistebis dasvenebisa da kidev qveda paleoliTSi (daaxloebiT 200-100 aTasi
gajansaRebis mizniT agebulia Tanamedrove tipis uax- wlis win). zeda paleoliTSi (40-12 aTasi wlis win) Ca-
lesi restornebi da sastumroebi. moyalibda matriarqalur-gvarovnuli wyobileba. tu-
ristebs SeuZliaT monRoleTSi daaTvalieron paleo-
1 www. ocean.net/ международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ, Чехия. liTis xanis CrdiloeTis lurji da TeTri gamoqvabu-
515 516
lebis naxatebi, monadireebisa da meTevzeebis droebiTi gardacvalebis Semdeg monRoleTis imperia daiSala 4
sacxovrisebi. qristes Sobamde meore aTaswleulSi da- saxanod, romelTagan yvelaze didi saxano moicavda
savleT monRoleTSi gavrcelda karasukis kultura. dRevandel monRoleTsa da CineTs. misi dedaqalaqi iyo
qristes Sobamde 209 wels xiongus tomi gadaiqca did pekini, magram 1368 wels monRolebi gandevnes CineTidan.
winaRobad cinis dinastiisaTvis. momdevno saukuneebSi waiSala monRoluri imperiis kulturuli progresis
monRoleTSi erTmaneTs anacvlebda sxvadasxva tomebi. kvali. XIV saukuneSi monRolebis uRlisagan gaTavi-
monRoleTi. suflda ruseTi, irani, Sua aziisa da amierkavkasiis
qveynebi.
XVI_XVII saukuneebSi mravalwliani omebis Sedegad
monRoleTi moeqca budizmis gavlenis qveS. XVII sauku-
nis bolos monRoleTis TiTqmis yvela teritorias
marTavda cinis dinastiis warmomadgenlebi. 1911 wels
ruseTis daxmarebis Sedegad monRoleTma moiSora am
dinastiis mmarTveloba, xolo realuri damoukideblo-
ba ki miiRo 1945 wels. am droidan moyolebuli monRo-
leTi ganicdida sabWoTa kavSiris zegavlenas. 1990-ian
wlebSi sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis Semdeg monRoleTSi
rTulad, magram mainc daiwyo sabazro ekonomikis mSe-
nebloba. miuxedavad imisa, rom monRoleTis teritoria
did farTobzea gadaWimluli, qveyana mainc ganicdis
XII saukunis bolos xiongus imperiam daamarcxa to- saxnav-saTesi miwebis simcires, radganac misi terito-
mebad daqsaqsuli monRoleTis imperiebi. man es qveyana riis udidesi nawili stepiT aris dafaruli. mosaxle-
gaaerTiana manCuriidan altais mTebamde. am imperias obis 30% momTabarea.
marTavda yaCaRTa meTauri TemuCini, romelmac SemdegSi monRoleTi dResac uZvelesi istoriiTa da kultu-
miiRo Cingis xanis tituli. Cingis xanma monRoleTis riT cxovrobs. am qveyanaSi Sedgenili istoriuli tu-
imperia daaarsa 1206 wels. man sxva qveynebis dapyrobi- rebi saSualebas iZleva Seswavlil iqnes monRoleTis
sa da gaZarcvis xarjze daagrova didi odenobiT ganZi, mmarTvelTa samarxebi da saTayvanebeli adgilebi. cno-
romelic saidumlod aris gadanaxuli. Cingisxanis gan- bili abreSumis gza gatarda swored monRoleTis te-
Zi dResac araa mikvleuli. SesaZlebelia igi inaxebo- ritoriaze, romelic odiTganve akavSirebda erTmaneTs
des monRoleTis romelime istoriul taZarSi. Cingis mudmivad mcxovrebi mosaxleobis da momTabare adamian-
xanis periodSi monRoleTis imperia batonobda wynari Ta cxovrebis stils. monRoleTi dResac inarCunebs
okeanidan Savi zRvis sanapiroebamde. momTabare mosaxleobis cxovrebis wess, Zvel tradici-
monRoleTi centraluri aziis momTabare wesiT ebsa da yofa-cxovrebiT kulturas.
mcxovreb xalxTa civilizaciis akvania. Cingis xanis
517 518
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT monRoleTi iyofa ni, Teqis karvebi, xis sakulto nagebobani, Sereuli ti-
21 aimakad da dedaqalaqad. ulan-batori aris qveynis pis taZrebi, ferweruli tiloebi. monRoleTSi turis-
saSinao da saerTaSoriso vaWrobis centri. monRoleTi tebs izidavs agreTve erovnuli musikaluri kulturis
ZiriTadad agrarul-sanedleulo qveyanaa, romlis map- uZvelesi tradiciebi, xalxuri Semoqmedeba, dramatuli
rofilebeli dargia mecxoveleoba. es qveyana msoflio- Teatri, kino, uZvelesi monRoluri religiuri TamaSo-
Si yvelaze meCxrad dasaxlebuli qveyanaa. tyes ukavia bani da Teatraluri warmodgenebi.
misi teritoriis 10%. monRoleTSi aris iSviaTi jiSis monRoleTSi turizmis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs
cxovelebi _ prJevalskis cxeni, gobis daTvi da a. S. saavtomobilo, sarkinigzo, saaviacio transportisa da
gobis regioni ZiriTadad warmodgenilia saZovrebiT, naosnobis ganviTareba. monRoleTs, yazaxeTis msgavsad,
romelsac SeuZlia 28 mln suli saqonlis gamokveba. ara aqvs gasasvleli zRvaze. am qveyanaSi mdebareobs
monRoleTSi moipoveba iseTi bunebrivi resursebi, iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Semdegi Zeglebi: or-
rogoricaa: spilenZi, molibdeni, qvanaxSiri, navTobi, xonis xeoba, ubsu-nuri da qalaqi _ ulan-batori. mon-
fosfati, magram maTi umetesi nawili auTvisebelia RoleTi, sxva qveynebis msgavsad, aqtiurad cdilobs
ekologiuri problemebis gamo. bolo dros wina plan- turizmis ganviTarebas. am qveynisaTvis perspeqtiulia
ze gamodis qvanaxSirisa da eleqtroenergiis industri- ekologiuri, eTnografiuli da istroiuli turizmis
a. monRoleTi axdens sxvadasxva saxis (sasoflo-same- ganviTareba.
urneo, trikotaJis, tyavis da bewveulis) produqciis monRoleTi erT-erTi iSviaTi qveyanaa msoflioSi,
eqsports. monRoleTi sagareo daxmarebaze orientire- sadac Tavmoyrilia ekosistemis mdidari kombinacia.
buli qveyanaa. igi amJamad ayalibebs axal savaWro-eko- udabnos borcvebs, romelic ikavebs monRoleTis teri-
nomikur kavSirebs aSS-sTan, iaponiasTan, CineTTan da toriis naxevarze mets, aqvs mravalferovani flora da
koreasTan. fauna. turistebi aq xvdebian didi teritoriebis qva--
monRoleTSi hava mSrali da mkveTrad kontinentu- RorRian udabnoebs iSviaTi mcenareebiT. turistebis
ria, mokle, zomieri zafxuliTa da grZeli zamTriT. am interess warmoadgens agreTve samxreTiT mdebare fer-
dros temperatura _500-mde ecema. aq wvima sakmaod xSi- dobebi, sadac Tavmoyrilia monRoleTis ZiriTadi Rir-
ria, rac wyaldidobebs iwvevs. am qveyanaSi yovelwliu- sSesaniSnaobebi.
rad saSualod 240 dRe mziania.
monRoleTSi turistebs izidavs qveynis ZiriTadi yazaxeTis, yirgizeTisa da uzbekeTis
festivali_naadami, romelic tardeba yovelwliurad turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali
11-13 ivliss. igi Sedgeba sami tradiciuli, monRoluri
sportisagan: mSvildosnobis, jiriTisa da Widaobisa- yazaxeTis respublika mdebareobs centralur azia-
gan. monRoleTSi turistebis mozidvis mizniT moipove- Si, romelic gadaWimulia kaspiis zRvidan altais mTe-
ba brinjaos xanis xelovnebis uZvelesi nimuSebi, spi- bamde. mas esazRvreba ruseTi, CineTi, yirgizeTi, uzbe-
lenZisa da brinjaos nakeTobani, budisturi taZris keTi da TurqmeneTi. dasavleTiT yazaxeTs akravs kaspi-
nangrevebi, ugedei-xanis sasaxlis naSTebi, xis karkasia- is zRva. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 2,725 mln km2 (am
519 520
maCvenebliT mas me-9 adgili ukaviaa msoflioSi). yaza- baza, romelsac ukavia 6000 km2. yazaxeTi aris dsT-s
xeTis dedaqalaqia astana. misi udidesi qalaqia alma- wevri.
Ti da Simkenti. qveynis oficialuri enebia yazaxuri da am qveyanaSi turistebs izidavs ahmed iasavis mavzo-
rusuli. yazaxeTi saprezidento respublikaa, sadac leumi, iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi_ sari-
2011 wlis monacemebiT cxovrobs 16,6 mln kaci. am qvey- aka (CrdiloeT yazaxeTis stepi da tba), tamgali, mdina-
nis saerTo mSp Seadgens 216,8 mlrd aSS dolars, xo- re_urali, aralis zRva, yarayumi, aralyumi da yizil-
lo erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki _ 13 aTas aSS do- yumi. yazaxeTSi hava mSrali da mkacrad kontinenturia.
lars. yazaxeTis valuta aris tenge. misi oficialuri zafxulis maqsimaluri temperatura aq 510-s aRwevs. am
religiaa islami da qristianoba. qveyanaSi dRemde SemorCenilia aralis zRvis narCenebi.
yazaxeTi. turistebs yazaxeTSi agreTve izidavs balxaS-alaqo-
lis daxSuli, brtyeli qvabuli, romelic mdebareobs
zRvis donidan 350-600 m-ze. qvabuli warmoqmnilia teq-
tonikuri gaRunvis Sedegad. yazaxeTSi turistebs izi-
davs agreTve buxTarmis wyalsacavi, romlis zedapiris
farTobia 5490 km2, sigrZe _ 500 km, sigane _ 35 km, xolo
siRrme ki _ 60 m. Turanis dablobis udidesi nawili
mdebareobs zRvis donidan _ 132 m-is simaRleze dabla.
yazaxeTi turistebs sTavazobs sacxenosno marSru-
tebs, nadirobasa da Tevzaobas, turebs abreSumis gzis
gavliT (TurqmeneTi_almaTi), agreTve sanatorium-gama-
jansaRebel, ekologiur da ornoTologiur marSru-
tebs. yazaxeTis yvelaze cnobil kurortebs SeiZleba
mivakuTvnoT: baravoes sakurorto zona, yazaxeTis sam-
xreTiT mdebare qalaqi _Simkenti, sadac mdebareobs
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, yazaxeTi iyofa 14
balneologiuri kurorti, kaspis zRvaze funqcionire-
olqad da 3 qalaqad. es qveyana mdidaria iseTi buneb-
badi sanatoriumebi.
rivi resursebiT, rogoricaa: navTobi, bunebrivi airi,
altais mTaSi, zRvis donidan 1760 m-is simaRleze,
qvanaxSiri, rkinis madani, manganumi, qromi, tyvia, nike-
or lamaz tbas Soris mdebareobs samkurnalo kuror-
li, kobalti, spilenZi, molibdeni, TuTia, boqsitebi,
ti_~raxmanovis gasaRebi”, sadac mkurnaloben Zval-sax-
oqro da urani. yazaxeTs saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi,
srovan sistemasa da parkuWovani traqtis daavadebas.
liTonebi, qimikatebi da xorbali. qveyanam damoukideb-
stepur tbas _alakols uwodeben ~yazaxeTis marga-
loba gamoacxada 1990 wels. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlis
lits”. curvis sezoni aq grZeldeba daaxloebiT oTx
Semdeg yazaxeTs ergo sabWoTa kosmonavtikis ZiriTadi
Tves. wyals gaaCnia qloridul-natriumovani Semadgen-
521 522
loba. garda amisa, aq arsebobs agreTve samkurnalo-sa- 4895 m. parkSi Sedis 20 myinvari. aq binadrobs Tovlis
medicino talaxebic. leopardi.
yirgizeTi mdebareobs centraluri aziis Crdilo- yirgizeTis umTavresi RirsSesaniSnaobaa isik-yulis
aRmosavleTiT zRvis donidan 1500 m-is simaRleze, ro- tba, romlis irgvliv ganlagebulia turistuli bazebi
melsac esazRvreba CineTi, tajikeTi, uzbekeTi da yaza- da dasasvenebeli saxlebi. mdinare _ sirdarias didi
xeTi. qveynis farTobi Seadgens 199,9 aTas km2-s. 2005 mniSvneloba aqvs yirgizeTis cxovrebaSi. misi meSveo-
wlis mdgomareobiT, yirgizeTis mosaxleoba Seadgens biT rwyaven bambis naTesebs, mdinaridan gayvanilia sai-
5,264 mln kacs, saerTo mSp–10,76 mlrd dolars, xolo rigacio arxebi, ramac gamoiwvia ekologiuri katas-
erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki_2,15 aTas aSS dolars. trofa_aralis zRvis gaqroba. vinaidan bambis naTeseb-
qveynis dedaqalaqia biSkeki. misi valutaa somi, oficia- ze mravali adamiania damokidebuli, saeWvoa gamoswor-
luri enebia yirgizuli da rusuli, xolo religia ki des es situacia.
aris islami. yirgizeTis erovnul parkebSi turistebma SeiZleba
administraciulad yirgizeTi iyofa 7 olqad da 2 naxon msoflioSi endemuri jiSis mcenareebis da cxo-
qalaqad. yirgizeTis udidesi mwvervalia gamarjvebis velebis didi raodenoba. ase mag., ala-arCas erovnulma
piki (7439 m). yirgizeTi flobs hidroenergetikul re- parkma Semoinaxa reliqturi fiWvis tyeebi. yirgizeTSi
sursebs, oqros, iSviaTi liTonebis maragebs, qvanax- turistebs izidavs cxenosnoba. monRoleTis msgavsad,
Sirs, navTobs, bunebriv airs, vercxliswyals, tyviasa aqac binadrobs prJevalskis jiSis veluri cxeni. res-
da TuTias. yirgizeTs saeqsportod gaaqvs kvebis pro- publikaSi bevri bunebrivi Zeglia tian-Sanisa da pami-
duqtebi, manqanaTmSeneblobis produqcia, Sali da li- ris maRalmTiani sistemiT. yirgizeTis mTavar bunebriv
Tonebi. qveyana 1855-1990 wlebSi iyo ruseTis imperiis RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens isik-yulis tba. es al-
SemadgenlobaSi. yirgizeTSi turistebs izidavs manasis puri tba mdebareobs tian-Sanis mTebs Soris uzarmazar
mavzoleumi (XIV s.), koSki ~burana” (XI s.), mavzoleumi teqtonikur auzSi. am adgilebis bunebrivi silamazis
_ uzgeneSi (XII s.), Sah-fazilis mavzoleumi (XII s.), gamo, turistebi tian-Sanis tbas adareben Sveicariis
ala-arCas erovnuli parki, isik-yulis tba, mercbaxeris alpur tbebs. aq sacurao sezoni grZeldeba ramdenime
tba da iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Tves. zafxulobiT wyali Tbeba 25 0C-mde.
Setanili Zegli _ sulaiman-too. biSkekidan turistebi da alpinistebi miemarTebian
ala-arCas erovnuli parki daarsda 1976 wels, rome- centraluri tian-Sanis, pamiris mTebSi da isik-yulis
lic mdebareobs tian-Sanis mTebSi. is qalaq biSkekidan tbaze samogzaurod. qveynis xelisufleba cdilobs
daSorebulia 40 km-iT. parki didi popularobiT sar- respublikis moqmedi agrarul-industriuli speciali-
geblobs laSqrobis, TxilamurebiT srialis moyvarul- zacia Seavsos axali dargebiT, romelsac ganekuTvneba
Ta da mTamsvlelTa Soris. am parks gansakuTrebiT bev- saerTaSoriso turizmi. tardeba turizmis axal saxeo-
ri turisti stumrobs zafxulis bolos da Semodgomis baTa ganviTarebis politika. erT-erT aseT saxeobas
dasawyisSi. parki moicavs 200 km2-s da misi simaRlea warmoadgens ekoturizmi. turistebis dasvenebis orga-
nizeba xdeba maRalmTian regionebSi, sadac adgilobri-
523 524
vebi turistebs maspinZloben adgilobrivi kulinariu- kacze metia (aseTia 9), daba aris dasaxleba, romlis
li kerZebiT. mosaxleoba aRemateba 2 aTas kacs. sofeli aris dasax-
TurqmeneTi mdebareobs centralur aziaSi. misi mo- leba sadac cxovrobs 50-ze meti kaci. gengelikSi gaer-
sazRvre saxelmwifoebia: avRaneTi, irani, yazaxeTi da Tianebulia erTi an ramdenime sofeli. TurqmeneTi iyo-
uzbekeTi. TurqmeneTs dasavleTidan akravs kaspiis fa 5 olqad, 25 qalaqad, 77 dabad, 1928 soflad.
zRva. qveynis farTobi Seadgens 488,1 aTas km2-s. misi de- sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis naxevari ukavia
daqalaqia aSxabadi. oficialuri enaa Turqmenuli, xo- bambas, romlis eqsportis mixedviT TurqmeneTi meaTe
lo gavrcelebuli enebi ki aris rusuli da uzbekuri. adgilzea msoflioSi. igi aris mexuTe adgilze msof-
2006 wlis mdgomareobiT, TurqmeneTis mosaxleoba Se- lioSi bunebrivi airis maragis sididis mixedviT. qvey-
adgens 5,1 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_45,1 mlrd dolars, xonis sxva mineraluri resursebia navTi, qvanaxSiri, go-
lo erT mosaxleze mosuli mSp_8,9 aTas dolars. qvey- girdi, marili. TurqmeneTs saeqsportod gaaqvs kvebis
nis valuta aris Turqmenuli manaTi, xolo religia ki produqtebi, navTobi, bunebrivi airi da bamba. Turqmene-
aris islami. Ti sabWoTa kavSirSi gawevrianda 1925 wels, romlis
TurqmeneTi. drosac moxda misi sazRvrebis formireba. TurqmeneTma
damoukidebloba gamoacxada 1992 wels. igi aris dsT-s
wevri.
TurqmeneTSi turistebs izidavs iseTi kulturuli
RirsSesaniSnaobani, rogoricaa: geoq-Tefes citadeli
axalTeqis oazisSi, saxelmwifo istoriuli da kultu-
ruli parki _ ~Zveli mervi”. mervi warmoadgenda ~didi
xorasnis” xalifebis sataxto qalaqs. am qveyanaSi tu-
ristebs izidavs agreTve iuneskos msoflio memkvidre-
obis iseTi Zeglebi, rogoricaa kioneurgenCi, mervi da
nisa. TurqmeneTis teritoriis 90% ukavia yarayumis
(~Savi qviSis”) udabnos. danarCeni nawili ki ukavia Tu-
ranis xeobas, ustiurtis udabnosa da yizilyums.
amitom qveyanaSi funqcionirebs udabnos Semswavle-
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, TurqmeneTi iyofa li centri. zafxulobiT temperatura udabnoSi 500C-s
velaieTebad, romlebic Tavis mxriv iyofian etrapebad aRwevs. repetekis nakrZalSi turisti SeiZleba Sexvdes
da gengeblikebad. velaieTi gaTanabrebulia qalaqTan, udabnos iSviaT florasa da faunas, turistebs aq
romlis mosaxleoba aRemateba 500 aTas kacs (aseTi xvdeba reliefis specifikuri warmonaqmnebi, romlebic
faqtiurad erTia_aSxabadi), etrapi aris gaTanabrebuli Cinkis saxelwodebiTaa cnobili. aq hava mSrali da
qalaqTan, romlis mosaxleoba aRemateba 30 aTas kacs kontinenturia. qviSianis garda, qveyanaSi arsebobs Ti-
(aseTi qalaqia 15), etrapis mimdebare dasaxleba 8 aTas xis udabnoc, romelsac xSiri gvalvebis Sedegad gaaC-
525 526
nia didi bzarebi. gabatonebuli udabnos landSaftis obiT qveyanaSi cxovrobs 26,6 mln kaci. am qveynis saer-
miuxedavad, TurqmeneTSi aris oazisebic. erT dros To mSp Seadgens 50,4 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosax-
sparseTis mefeTa sanadiro adgili _ firiuza axla leze moweuli mSp ki Seadgens 2,3 aTas dolars. misi
warmoadgens klimatur kurorts. TurqmeneTi mdebare- valutaa somi. oficialuri religiaa islami. adminis-
obs dReisaTvis popularuli turistuli marSrutebis traciuli TvalsazrisiT qveyana dayofilia 12 regio-
siaxloves. igi flobs Tavis erovnul koloritebs, bu- nad, 1 avtonomiur respublikad da 1 qalaqad.
nebriv da istoriul-kulturul RirsSesaniSnaobebs. uzbekeTis mTavari mdinareebia sirdaria da amuda-
Tanamedrove TurqmeneTis teritoria adre Sedioda mra- ria. aq mdebareobs aralis zRvis samxreT nawili. rTu-
val udides (aleqsandre makedonelis, sparseTis, Cin- li ekologiuri situacia, romelic dakavSirebulia
gisxanis) imperiaTa SemadgenlobaSi. amitom am qveynis aralis zRvis mimoqcevasTan, iwvevs kontinenturi kli-
Zvel miwaze Semonaxulia istoriuli memkvidreobis matis gamkacrebas, mis sanapiroze mimdebare yvela sa-
bevri Zegli: meCeTebi, Zveli cixe-simagreebi, mavzoleu- xelmwifoSi, maT Soris uzbekeTSic. yofili TevzWeris
mi da sxvebi. portebi axla ukve mdebareobs wylisgan 40-80 km-is da-
30 wlis win, arqeologiuri kvlevebis Catarebis Se- SorebiT. mosaxleoba aqedan miemgzavreba. amitom por-
degad, udabnoSi aRmoCenil iqna Zveli qalaqi _ mervi. tebs samomavlod emuqrebaT ~aCrdilebis qalaqad” ga-
arqeologiuri gaTxrebis monaxuleba bevri mogzauris daqcevis saSiSroeba. qveynis mcxovrebTa absoluturi
ocnebaa. qveyana uZvelesi droidan cnobilia abreSumis umravlesoba cxovrobs ferganis, taSkentis, samarkan-
qsoviliTa da xaliCebiT. TurqmeneTis sasaqonlo baza- dis oazisSi. qveyanaSi mZafrad dgas dasaqmebis prob-
ri aris muqi da wiTeli xaliCebis SeZenis saukeTeso lema. samuSao ara aqvs milionze met adamians. amitom
adgili. yvelaze msxvili bazari mdebareobs aSxabadSi. qveyanaSi, ekologiuri problemebis garda, aqtualuria
qveynis dasavleTiT Camoedineba kaspiis zRvis wylebi, mosaxleobis dasaqmebisa da ekonomikis realuri seq-
romelic mdidaria didi depozituri glauberovis ma- toris gafarToebis problema. amasTan dakavSirebiT
riliT. misi samkurnalo potenciali jer kidev araa qveyanaSi sul ufro aqtualuri xdeba saerTaSoriso
bolomde Seswavlili. TurqmeneTi SesaniSnavi qveyanaa turizmis ganviTareba.
cxeniT seirnobisaTvis. cxenosnoba qveynis erT-erTi uzbekeTs lixtenStainis msgavsad ara aqvs gasas-
RirsSesaniSnaobaa. amitom TurqmeneTSi perspeqtiulia vleli zRvaze arc uSualod da arc mosazRvre qveyne-
sacxenosno turizmis ganviTareba. bis meSveobiT. es qveyana mdidaria iseTi mineraluri
uzbekeTis respublika mdebareobs centralur azia- resursiT, rogoricaa: bunebrivi airi, navTi, qvanaxSi-
Si. misi mosazRvre qveynebia yazaxeTi, yirgizeTi, taji- ri, oqro, tyvia, urani, vercxli, spilenZi, volframi,
keTi, avRaneTi da TurqmeneTi. uzbekeTis farTobi Sead- molibdeni da TuTia. es qveyana bambis eqsportis mixed-
gens 447,4 aTas km2-s. maT Soris soflis meurneobisaT- viT mesame adgilzea msoflioSi. mas saeqsportod ag-
vis vargisiania mxolod 10%. uzbekeTis dedaqalaqia reTve gaaqvs gazi, oqro, qimikatebi, kvebis produqtebi,
taSkenti. oficialuri enaa uzbekuri, xolo gavrcele- liTonebi, safeiqro nawarmi. uzbekeTma damoukideblo-
buli enebia rusuli da tajikuri. 2005 wlis mdgomare-
527 528
ba gamoacxada 1991 wels. igi aris dsT-s, suuamis da
sxva regionuli Tu safinanso organizaciis wevri. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Se-
saZleblobebi avstraliasa da okeaneTSi
avstraliis kontinenti (avstralia da okeaneTi) bo-
uzbekeTi.
lo dros gadaiqca sul ufro mimzidvel regionad sa-
erTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. Ta-
vis mxriv, okeaneTi moicavs axal zelandias, marSalis
kunZulebs, mikronezias, axal gvineas, solomonis kun-
Zulebsa da sxva qveynebs.
avstraliis turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali
avstralia (ofic. avstraliis kavSiri) avstraliis

kontinentze mdebare saxelmwifoa, romelsac ara hyavs
uSualo saxmeleTo mezobeli, zRviT ki CrdiloeTidan
mas esazRvreba indonezia, aRmosavleTi timori da pa-
pua-axali gvinea, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan_solomonis
uzbekeTSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio kunZulebi, vanuatu da axali kaledonia, xolo sam-
memkvidreobis ZeglTa siSi Setanili iseTi kulturul- xreT-aRmosavleTiT ki _ axali zelandia. 2009 wlis
arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: iCan-yala, samar- mdgomareobiT avstraliaSi cxovrobs 22 mln kaci. am
yandi, bibi-xanimis meCeTi, buxaris da Sahrisabzis is- qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 799 mlrd aSS dolars, xo-
toriuli centrebi. bibi-xanimis meCeTi aris samaryan- lo erT mosaxleze moweuli mSp ki_37 aTas dolars.
dSi mdebare XIV saukunis islamuri taZari. igi aago misi dedaqalaqia kanbera, valuta ki_avstraliuri do-
Temurlengma 1399-1404 wlebSi. taZris zomas da didebu- lari.
lebas mravali turisti mohyavs aRfrTovanebaSi. uzbe- avstralias sxvagvarad uwodeben ~mwvane kontinen-
keTi cnobilia mis teritoriaze mravali Semonaxuli tsac”. es qveyana msoflios erT-erTi naklebad-dasax-
istoriul-arqiteqturul ZeglTa wyalobiT, romelTa lebuli, magram yvelaze ufro maRalurbanizebuli qve-
mniSvnelovani nawili ganlagebulia or uZveles qalaq- yanaa. avstralielTa 3/4 nawili cxovrobs metropoli-
Si _ samaryandsa da buxaraSi. taSkenti mdebareobs ti- tur qalaqebsa da zRvispira zolebSi. adgilobrivi
an-Sanis mTis ferdobze. qalaqi cnobilia istoriuli aborigenebi Seadgens mosaxleobis mxolod 2,4%-s. av-
ZeglebiT. qveyanas gaaCnia nakrZalebic _ Catkali, mi- straliaSi sasaubro ena inglisuria, avstraliuri aq-
raklini da kurortebi _ taSkentis mineraluri wyle- centiTa da leqsikiT, gavrcelebuli enebi ki aris Ci-
bi, Carkati, agalki da sxvebi. nuri, berZnuli da italiuri. avstralias ara aqvs ofi-
529 530
cialuri religia. mosaxleobis 64% qristiania, danar- ris udidesia tasmaniisa da kengurus kunZulebi). ami-
Ceni ki_ budistebi, musulmanebi da sxva religiis mim- tom mas ~kunZulTa kontinenti” uwodes.
devrebi. 40 000 wlis ganmavlobaSi XVIII saukunis bolomde,
vidre evropelebma daiwyes kontinentis aTviseba, av-
avstralia. straliaSi 250-mde sxvadasxva tomis avstralieli abo-
rigeni saxlobda. avstraliis aRmosavleT nawili 1770
wels didma britaneTma miisakuTra. Tavdapirvelad av-
stralia iyo yvelaze saSiS britanel patimarTa evro-
peli sazogadoebisagan izolaciisa da evropisagan
Sors gadaxvewis adgili, magram Semdeg axlad aRmoCe-
nil kontinentze iafi miwis, oqros, warmatebisa da
bednierebis ZiebaSi sacxovreblad wamovida evropeli
mosaxleobis didi nakadi. XIX saukunis bolomde aq
sul Camoyalibda 6 britanuli kolonia, romelTa fe-
deraciad gaerTianebis safuZvelze Camoyalibda av-
straliis respublika. XX saukunis dasawyisSi aq sul
cxovrobda 3,7 mln kaci. imigrantTa talRa gaizarda I
da II msoflio omis Semdeg pativmoyvare imigrantTa ra-
odenobis zrdis xarjze.
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, avstralia dayofi- avstraliis kontinenti imave klimatur sartyelSia,
lia eqvs Statad da 2 mTavar teritoriad. avstraliis romelSic samxreT afrika, magram aq haeris temperatu-
kavSiri mdebareobs samxreT naxevarsferoSi da erTa- ra ufro maRalia da naleqi ufro mcirea. avstralia
derTi qveyanaa msoflioSi, romelic moicavs mTel kon- yvelaze mcirenaleqiani qveyanaa. is mdidaria miwisqveSa
tinents. avstraliis teritoriis farTobia 7,69 mln wylebiT. avstraliis floris specifikaa evkalipti da
km2, romlis mixedviTac igi meeqvse adgilzea msoflio- akacia. aq turistebs xvdeba evkaliptis 600 saxeoba,
Si. avstraliaSi aris wynari okeanis sanapiros gas- romelTa simaRle 100 m-s aRwevs. tyeebs ukavia qveynis
wvriv 2000 km sigrZis didi barieruli rifi, romelic teritoriis 6%.
Sedgeba mravali patara marjnis rifisagan da patar-pa- avstraliaSi vrceldeba subtropikuli, tropikuli,
tara kunZulebisagan, rac xels uSlis aq naosnobis subekvatoruli da zomieri klimaturi sartylebi. qvey-
ganviTarebas. avstralias aqvs farTo gasasvleli nis CrdiloeTi mxare subtropikul klimatur sartyel-
msoflios sam okeaneSi. esenia: wynari okeane, indoeTisa Sia, sadac zafxulobiT tenian haeris masebs moaqvs ux-
da samxreTis okeane. avstralias samxreTiT esazRvreba vi naleqi, zamTrobiT ki hava tropikuli da ufro
tasmaniis zRva. am qveyanaSi aris 8222 kunZuli (maT So- mSralia, naleqebi ki mkveTrad mcirdeba. aq aris zRvi-
is cxeli plaJebi. kontinentis ZiriTadi nawili tropi-
531 532
kul sartyelSia moTavsebuli. didi wyalgamyofi qedis pirvel oceulSi. am qveynis ekonomikaSi didi roli
ferdobebze naleqi uxvad modis. am qedis aRmosavleT akisria ucxour kapitals, avstralias didi raodeno-
ferdobebze tropikuli tyeebia. avstraliis samxreT- biT energetikuli maragi aqvs. qveyana msoflioSi erT-
aRmosavleTiT hava subtropikulia, xolo misi centra- erT pirvel adgilzea tyviis, TuTiis, titanis, oqros,
luri da samxreT nawili ukavia udabnoebs. avstralia boqsitebis, spilenZisa da rkinis madnis mopovebiT.
gamoirCeva unikaluri cxovelebis mravalferovnebiT. soflis meurneobis wamyvani dargia marcvleuli kul-
aq arsebuli ZuZumwovrebis 83%, qvewarmavlebis 89%, turebis warmoeba. aq mohyavT xorbali, aseve bamba, xi-
Tevzebisa da mwerebis 90% warmoadgens avstraliis en- li da banani. avstralia cnobilia msoflioSi meRvine-
demur saxeobebs. kenguru, koala, siraqlema mxolod am obiT. Rvinis dayenebis tradicia evropidan aq Semovida
kontinentze gvxvdeba. aq binadrobs 350 saxeobis ende- jer kidev XIX saukuneSi. axla avstraliis yovel
muri jiSis frinveli. StatSi praqtikulad mohyavT yurZeni da awarmoeben
avstralias gars akravs indoeTisa da wynari okea- Rvinos. venaxebis udidesi nawili mdebareobs samxreT
neebi. igi aziisagan gamoyofilia arafurisa da timo- avstraliaSi, sadac yoveli wlis oqtomberSi tardeba
ris zRvebiT. avstralia yvelaze patara kontinenti da Rvinis festivali. cxvris suladobis mixedviT mas II
sididiT meeqvse qveyanaa msoflioSi. is kontinentad Ca- adgili ukavia msoflioSi.
moyalibda daaxloebiT 3 mln wlis win. reliefSi War- avstraliis ganaTleba da kultura msoflioSi Se-
bobs platoebi. mTian platoebs ukavia qveynis aRmosav- fasebulia merve adgilze. es qveyana saganmanaTleblo
leTi da samxreT-aRmosavleT nawili. qveynis aRmosav- mizniT izidavs moswavle-axalgazrdebs. avstraliuri
leTiT wynarokeanul sanapiros gauyveba didi wyalgam- kulturis safuZvelia dasavleTis kultura, romlis
yofi qedi, romlis samxreTiT aris avstraliis alpebi, specifikuroba ganapiroba adgilobrivi bunebis Tavise-
xolo dasavleTiT ki udabnoebi. teritoriis mesamedi burebebma da aborigenebis kulturam. avstraliis kul-
nawili did qviSian, viqtoriisa da gibsonis udabnoebs turaze XX saukunis SuaSi gavlena moaxdina amerikul-
ukavia. avstraliis udabnoebis zonaSia aRmarTuli ma kulturam, ZiriTadad televiziisa da kinos xarjze.
msoflios udidesi monoliTi (wiTeli mTa) uluru, avstraliis kulturaze gavlena moaxdina mosazRvre
romelic dRis ganmavlobaSi ramdenjerme icvlis fers. aziuri qveynebidan Camosuli xalxis kulturamac. av-
am qveynis geografiuli raionebia dasavleT avstrali- straliis xelovnebis Sedevrebs qmnidnen sidnei nola-
is zegani, centraluri dablobi da aRmosavleT av- ni, sidnei longi da sxvebi. avstraliis erovnuli ga-
straliis mTebi. lerea inaxavs avstraliur da evropul koleqciebs. av-
avstralia mdidaria iseTi sasargeblo wiaRiseu- straliis TiToeul Stats aqvs Tavisi simfoniuri or-
liT, rogoricaa: boqsitebi, qvanaxSiri, rkinis madani, kestri, erovnuli opera, baletisa da cekvis centri.
spilenZi, kala, oqro, vercxli, urani, nikeli, volfra- aborigenuli simRerisa da cekvis Sesruleba xdeba av-
mi, mineraluri sila, tyvia, TuTia, almasi, bunebrivi straliis erovnul sazRvao muzeumSi. sidnei aris av-
airi da navTobi. avstralia, saerTo mSp-sa da misi erT straliis kinos industriis centri, sadac gadaRebu-
mosaxleze gaangariSebiT, Sedis msoflio qveynebis
533 534
lia filmi _ matrica. aRiarebuli avstralieli msaxi- erovnuli parki, karltonis baRebi, kuinzlendis tenia-
obia nikol kidmani. ni tropikebi, lord-hau, kunZuli_makuori, narakurtis
avstralia maRalganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone mRvimis erovnuli parki, ningalus sanapiro, purnulu-
qveyanaa civilizebuli sazogadoebiT, cxovrebis maRa- lus erovnuli parki, riverslei, samefo sagamofeno
li doniTa da standartiT, maRali ganaTlebiTa da darbazi, sidneis operis Teatri, tasmaniis veluri bu-
sityvis TavisuflebiT. igi aris gaeros, didi oceulis, neba, uilandras tbis regioni, qalaqi _ uluru, ulu-
erTa Tanamegobrobis, ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis da ru-kata-tiutis erovnuli parki, kunZuli _ freizeri,
organizaciis, azia-wynari okeanis ekonomikuri ganviTa- Sarkis yure, herdi da makdonaldis kunZuli. avstrali-
rebisa da vaWrobis msoflio organizaciis wevri qveya- aSi turistebs agreTve izidavs kanberaSi mdebare par-
na. ukanasknel wlebSi avstraliis ekonomikis erT-erT lamentis Zveli da axali Senoba.
perspeqtiul seqtors SeiZleba mivakuTvnoT turizmic. avstraliaSi turizmis ganviTarebas xels uwyobs
turizmis ganviTarebas aq xels uwyobs idealuri das- mravalricxovani msoflio donis sportuli RonisZie-
venebisaTvis saWiro xelsayreli klimatis arseboba. aq bani fexburTSi, ragbSi, curvaSi, niCbosnobaSi, cxenos-
arasdros aris Zlieri sicive an sicxe. zafxulis sa- nobaSi, saavtomobilo srbolebSi da velosportSi. un-
Sualo temperatura Seadgens +260C-s, xolo zamTris da aRiniSnos, rom yoveli wlis ianvarSi swored aq
saSualo temperatura ki +180C-s. avstraliis turis- tardeba sidneis zamTris olimpiuri TamaSebi, Ria Cem-
tul centrebad miiCneven avstraliel saqmosanTa pionati CogburTSi. avstraliaSi turistebis didi naka-
centrs _ sidneis, kulturul centrs _ melburns da di Camovida 1956 wels, roca man umaspinZla zafxulis
administraciul dedaqalaqs _ kanberas. olimpiadas melnburSi da 2000 wlis zafxulis olimpi-
avstraliaSi turistebs izidavs didi oTveis, dori- adas sidneiSi. avstraliis kulturul memkvidreobas
gos, vurunuranis, kakadus, lamingtonis, mdinare_jar- warmoadgens sidneiSi _ avstraliis muzeumi, samxatvro
dinis, oqslis veluri mdinareebis, palumis qedis, per- galerea, melburnSi _ viqtoriis erovnuli galerea,
nululus, serpentinis, tulis xeobis, uluru-kata-tiu- erovnuli stadioni, brizbenSi _ botanikuri baRi, kan-
tis erovnuli parkebi. avstraliaSi turistebs agreTve beraSi _ radioteleskopi, kakadus erovnuli parki, di-
izidavs marjnis zRvis kunZulebi, iorkis naxevarkunZu- di barieris rifi, tasmaniis nakrZali da vilandras
li, sidneis bunebrivi navsadguri_ port-jeqsoni. port- tbaTa regioni.
jeqsoni cnobilia iseTi arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT, ro- avstraliis yvelaze cnobil saerTaSoriso donis
goricaa: sidneis operis Teatri da harbor-brijis xi- kurorts warmoadgens oqrosferi plaJi, romelic gada-
di. Wimulia qveynis aRmosavleTiT 80 km sigrZis sanapiro-
avstraliaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio ze. am sakurorto adgilze mdebareobs ~kinos samya-
memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Semdegi istori- ros”, ~ocnebaTa samyarosa” da `zRvis samyaros” Tema-
ul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebi: avstraliis sapatimroebi, turi parkebi. avstraliis turistul RirsSesaniSnao-
bols-piramida, gondvanas teniani tyeebi, didi barieru- bas warmoadgens didi barieruli rifi. survilis Sem-
li rifi, didi cisferi mTebis teritoria, kakadus TxvevaSi turistebma SeiZleba didi barieruli rifis
535 536
kunZulze ganaxorcielon sazRvao kruizebi, dakavdnen avstraliaSi I kazino aSenda tasmanias kunZulze 1973
wyalqveSa curviT, ibanaon junglebSi mdebare CanCqe- wels, xolo perTiSi ki _ 1985 wels. Tanamedrove etap-
rebSi. ze es aris avstraliis dasavleT nawilis yvelaze po-
avstraliis Sida turizmis ganviTarebas xels uwy- pularuli RirsSesaniSnaoba.
obs veluri, xeluxlebeli teritoriebis gamokvlevi-
sadmi mzardi daintereseba. avtomobilebiT mogzaur axali zelandiis turistuli potenciali da mi-
turistebs sul ufro izidavT Soreuli da naklebad si gamoyenebis gzebi
Seswavlili raionebi. ase magaliTad, avstraliaSi tu-
rizmis ganviTarebis erT-erT popularul saxeobas axali zelandia aris saparlamento demokratiisa
warmoadgens mis centralur nawilSi ganxorcielebu- da konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana. igi mdebare-
li eqskluziuri turi, sadac turists SeuZlia daaTva- obs wynari okeanis samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, or
lieros istoriuli Zeglebi. isini agebulia wiTeli did_ Crdilo- da samxreT kunZulze romlebic erTma-
feris qvebisagan. didi barieruli rifis garda, avstra- neTisagan gamoyofilia kukis srutiT.. misi dedaqalaqia
liis nakrZals warmoadgens kakadus erovnuli parki, velingtoni. udidesi qalaqia oklendi. oficialuri
qveynis Crdilo-dasavleTis mwvervalebi, dasavleTis enaa inglisuri. am qveynis farTobi Seadgens 268,7 aTas
tasmaniis udabno, freizeris kunZuli, avstraliis aR- km2-s. 2012 wlis mdgomareobiT, axali zelandiis mosax-
mosavleTiT mdebare tropikuli tye da a. S. leoba Seadgens 4,4 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 122,2 mlrd
avstraliaSi dasvenebis popularul saxeobas war- aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gadaangariSebiT ki
moadgens wynari okeanis kunZulebze mogzauroba. aq _ 27,668 aTas aSS dolars. misi valuta aris axali ze-
ganviTarebulia turistuli infrastruqtura: pirveli landiuri dolari. mosaxleobis 56% qristiania, xolo
klasis CogburTis kortebi, satrenaJoro darbazebi, danarCeni islamisa da induizmis mimdevaria.
golfis saTamaSo moednebi da a. S. ucxoel turistTa axal zelandiaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msof-
mniSvnelovani nawili (umTavresad iaponelebi da azia-- lio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi kul-
wynari okeanis regionis sxva qveynebidan gamosuli tu- turuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: axali zelandiis sub-an-
ristebi) avstraliaSi moemgzavrebian kontinentis uni- tarqtikuli kunZulebi, te-vahipaunamu, tongariros
kaluri cxovelebis: kengurus, koalas da sxvaTa da- erovnuli parki, iden-parki da uest-paki. axal zelan-
saTvaliereblad. diaSia kukis mTa (3764 m), romelic agebulia kristalu-
avstraliis mTel sigrZeze _dasavleTidan aRmosav- ri filebiT. mas aqvs myinvarwveri. kukis mTis dasav-
leTiT ganviTarebulia sarkinigzo turizmi. cnobilia, leT ferdobze aris maradmwvane tyeebi, aRmosavleT
rom qveyanaSi organizebulia specialuri turistuli ferdobze ki gvalvagamZle buCqebi da balaxi. axali
matarebeli, romelic avstralias kveTs aRmosavleTi- zelandiis samxreT kunZuli CrdiloeTidan gamoyofi-
dan dasavleTiT _ sidneidan pertamde. bolo dros av- lia kukis srutiT. aq hava subtropikulia. axal zelan-
straliaSi didi gavrceleba hpova saTamaSo biznesma. diaSi turistebs izidavs anzakis saxalxo-memorialuri
aq aSenda kazinoebi brizbenSi, melburnsa da sidneiSi. dResaswauli (akronimi), romelic aRiniSneba yoveli
537 538
wlis 25 aprils, pirvel msoflio omSi gmirulad da- arCevani. velingtoni iTvleba samxreT kunZulis saiax-
RupulTa winaSe qedis moxris niSnad. te centrad. axali zelandiis popularul turistul
axali zelandia. centrs warmoadgens qalaqi _kraistCerCi, romelic mde-
bareobs samxreT kunZulze. es aris axali zelandiis
samxreT-dasavleT sanapiroze, veluri bunebis mqone
tbaTa regionSi gasamgzavrebeli adgili.
CrdiloeT kunZulze, sadac cxovrobs mosaxleobis
70%, ganviTarda meRvineobis industria. Tanamedrove
etapze axali zelandia, specializaciis tradiciul
dargebTan erTad, warmoadgens Rvinis msxvil mwarmoe-
belsac. am qveynis ZiriTad portebs ganekuTvneba: fan-
gareni, oklendi, velingtoni da tauranta. axal zelan-
dias uwodeben ~wynari okeanis Seucvlel Sveicaria-
sac”, radganac aq aris uRrani tyeebi, didi mindvrebi,
geizerebi da moqmedi vulkanebi. axali zelandiis erT-
erT mTavar turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens
qveynis mkvidri mosaxleobis (aborigenebis) raioni _
axali zelandia Sedis erTa TanamegobrobaSi. igi
rotorua, sadac gamoedineba Tbili, samkurnalo wyle-
ganviTarebuli agrarul-industriuli qveyanaa, rome-
bi.
lic cnobilia xorcis, karaqis, zeTisa da yvelis eq-
kukis kunZulebi aris konstituciuri monarqiis mqo-
sportiT. oklendi mdebareobs samxreT kunZulis viwro
ne axali zelandiis asocirebuli wevri qveyana, rome-
yelze, sadac cxovrobs 1,5 mln adamiani. mas xSirad
lic mdebareobs wynari okeanis samxreT nawilSi da
uwodeben ~ialqnebis qalaqs”. oklendis mTavar RirsSe-
Sedgeba 15 patara kunZulisagan. misi teritoriis far-
saniSnaobas warmoadgens suraTebis galerea, transpor-
Tobi Seadgens 240km2-s. 2006 wlis mdgomareobiT aq
tisa da teqnikis muzeumi. am qalaqSi 1996 wels erT-
cxovrobs 19,6 aTasi kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 183 mln
erT amerikul kazinosTan erTad gaixsna umsxvilesi
dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gadaangariSebiT ki_9,1
gasarTobi kompleqsi ~sqai-siti-oklendi”. masSi mdeba-
aT aSS dolars. mis dedaqalaqia avarua, oficialuri
reobs kazino, ramdenime restorani, bari, Teatri da
ena aris inglisuri, xolo misi valutaa zeda donis
sastumro.
erovnuli domeni.
velingtonSi mdebareobs xelovnebis erovnuli ga-
kukis kunZulze adamianebi pirvelad dasaxldnen VI
lerea da erovnuli muzeumi, eTnografiuli eqsponate-
saukuneSi, romlebic aq taitidan Camovidnen. evrope-
bis brwyinvale koleqciiT. velingtoni iTvleba qveynis
lebs Soris pirvelad aq espanelebi Camovidnen, magram
yvelaze ~evropizirebul” qalaqad. aq aris ludis bare-
kunZuli britaneTis imperiis nawili gaxda mas Semdeg,
bis, kafeebis, restornebisa da didi maRaziebis farTo
roca 1773-1777 wlebSi aq Camovida britaneli mezRvauri
539 540
jeims kuki. 1901 wlidan kukis kunZulebs proteqtorob- polinezia warmoadgens wynari okeanis samxreT-aR-
da axali zelandia, xolo 1965 wlidan igi aris axali mosavleT nawilSi mdebare asze meti kunZulisagan Sem-
zelandiis asocirebuli wevri. nasaus garda, kukis mo- dgar arqipelags, romelic gaerTianebulia kunZulTa
Sorebul kunZulebs marTavs adgilobrivi sabWoebi me- ramdenime jgufSi: taiti, markizis kunZulebi da a. S.
rebis xelmZRvanelobiT, aq gadaSenebis pirasaa mcena- polineziis administraciuli centria papaete. aq tu-
reTa da frinvelTa mTeli rigi saxeobebi. kukis kun- ristebs, garTobis saxiT, sTavazoben vertmfreniT, iax-
Zulze ganviTarebulia turizmi. aq turizmis ganviTa- tiT, jipiT an mikroavtobusiT gaseirnebas tropikuli
rebas xels uwyobs saerTaSoriso donis aeroportisa tyeebis gavliT.
da Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonis arseboba. es arqipe-
lagi jer-jerobiT ar aris datvirTuli masobrivi tu-
rizmiT. aq SeiZleba ganviTardes erTdRiani laSqroba axali kaledoniis, solomonis kunZulebisa
junglebSi, okeaneSi Tevzaoba. aq SeiZleba gaimarTos da vanuatus turistuli resursebi
egzotikuri eqskursiebi da warmodgenebi, romelsac ga-
nekuTvneba cekvebi, junglebis gavliT, mdinareebis meS- axali kaledonia aris safrangeTis asocirebuli
veobiT bambukis tivebiT curva, kruizebi delfinebTan wevri (kunZulTa jgufi), romelic mdebareobs wynari
erTad da a. S. okeanis samxreTiT. mas samxreT-dasavleTiT esazRvreba
samoa wynari okeanis samxreTiT mdebare saxelmwi- avstralia, aRmosavleTiT _ okeaneTis qveynebi, Crdi-
foa, romelic Sedgeba 2 udidesi kunZulis_savaisa da loeTidan _ vanuatu, samxreT-aRmosavleTidan _ fiji.
upolusagan. misi dedaqalaqia apia, oficialuri enebia axali kaledoniis farTobia 19 aTasi km2. misi dedaqa-
samouri da inglisuri. samoas farTobia 2,86 aTasi km2. laqia numea. oficialuri enaa franguli. 2009 wlis
2007 wlis mdgomareobiT, aq cxovrobs 214,2 aTasi kaci, mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 249 aTas
am qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 1,2 mlrd aSS dolars, kacs, saerTo mSp _ 8,8 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT
xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki_ 6,3 aTas aSS mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 36,4 aTas aSS dolars.
dolars. misi valutaa tala. samoas mosaxleobis 70% misi valutaa safrangeTis wynar-okeanuri franki. mo-
protestantia, 20% kaTolike danarCeni ki _ sxva reli- saxleobis 90% qristiania, (maT Soris 60% kaTolike,
giis mimdevrebi. 1900 wels am arqipelagis dasavleTi 30%_ protestanti), 4% _ musulmania (sunitebi), xolo
kunZulebi daipyro germaniam. 1914 wels germanias es danarCeni ki arian sxva religiis mimdevrebi.
kunZulebi waarTva axalma zelandiam. 1962 wels dasav- axali kaledoniis barieruli rifi sigrZiT meorea
leT samoa gaxda damoukidebeli saxelmwifo_ samoa. is msoflioSi avstraliis didi barieruli rifis Semdeg,
civilizaciisagan naklebad xelyofili mxarea, sadac romlis saerTo sigrZea 1500 km. am rifis ekologiuri
gaatara Tavisi sicocxlis bolo wlebi romanis _ situacia gauaresda nikelis sabadoebis, sasoflo-same-
~ganZis kunZulis” avtorma, tuberkuloziT daavadebul- urneo savargulebis damuSavebisa da mangros tyeebis
ma robert luis stivensonma. turistebma aq SeiZleba gaCexvis Semdeg. axali kaledoniis rifebi iuneskos
moinaxulon misi saxl-muzeumi.
541 542
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Seitanes 2008 solomonis kunZulebi aRmoCenili iqna espaneli
wels. mezRvauris _ aleqsandre mendanias mier 1568 wels.
axali kaledoniis sanapiro zoli vake teritorias aleqsandre mendaniam aq aRmoaCina didi odenobiT oqro
ukavia, xolo misi udidesi, centraluri nawili ki mTi- da am kunZulebs uwoda solomonis kunZulebi, romel-
ania. tyes ukavia teritoriis 15%. kunZulis ZiriTadi sac adarebdnen ~solomonis oqros qveyanas”. 1893 wels
sasargeblo wiaRiseulia nikeli, qromi, rkina, kobal- igi gadaiqca did britaneTis koloniad. II msoflio
ti, marganeci, vercxli, oqro, tyvia da spilenZi. axali omis dros aq imarTeboda didi brZola amerikelebsa
kaledonia moqceulia tropikul sartyelSi, sadac da iaponelebs Soris. 1976 wels qveyanam moipova damou-
klimati cxeli da teniania. aq saSualo wliuri tempe- kidebloba. solomonis kunZulebis SemadgenlobaSi Se-
raturaa 23-240. dis aRmosavleT runeli, romelic 1998 wlidan Sedis
axali kaledoniis kunZuli 1774 wels aRmoaCina je- iuneskos memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi. honiara mdebare-
ims kukma da uwoda misi samSoblos Sotlandiis Zveli obs kunZul gvadalkanalze, sadac cxovrobs 54,6 aT.
saxelwodeba_kaledonia. evropelebis masobrivi imigra- kaci.
cia aq daiwyo 1840-iani wlebidan. 1853 wels safrangeT- solomonis kunZuli.
ma axali kaledonia gamoacxada Tavis koloniad. 1980-i-
an wlebSi aq daiwyo masobrivi gamosvlebi damoukideb-
lobis aRdgenis moTxovniT. dRes axali kaledonia
Sedgeba sami provinciisagan, romlebic, Tavis mxriv,
iyofian komunebad. axali kaledonia warmoadgens wyna-
ri okeanis florasa da faunas unikalur oaziss. kun-
Zuli garSemortymulia barieruli rifebiT. aq xarobs
daaxloebiT 2500-mde saxeobis iSviaTi jiSis flora da
fauna. gonivruli bunebisdamcavi RonisZiebani aq qmnian
karg perspeqtivebs eko-turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. axa-
li kaledonia izidavs myvinTavebsac.
solomonis kunZulebi wynari okeanis CrdiloeT na-
es qveyana mimzidvelia saerTaSoriso turizmis gan-
wilSi, papua axali gvineis aRmosavleTiT, mdebare kon-
viTarebis TvalsazrisiT, mravali garemoebis gamo: kun-
stituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa. igi Sedgeba 1000
Zulis mosaxleobis udidesi nawili cxovrobs baton-
kunZulisagan, romelTa saerTo farTobi Seadgens 28,9
ymur wyobilebaSi. amitom turistebs aq ainteresebT
aTas km2-s. misi dedaqalaqia honiara. misi oficialuri
adgilobriv, aborigen adamianTa yofa-cxovrebis gacno-
enaa inglisuri. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveynis mo-
ba. arqipelagi praqtikulad xeluxlebelia masobrivi
saxleoba Seadgens 552,4 aTas kacs, saerTo mSp _ 911
turizmis mxridan. amitom aq SemorCenilia veluri bu-
mln aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki_ 1894 do-
neba da eqstraordinaluri bunebrivi pirobebi.
lars. qveynis valutaa solomonis kunZulebis dolari.
543 544
vanuatu aris wynari okeanis samxreT-dasavleT na- lieli da okeaneTis qveynebidan Camosuli imigrantebi
wilSi axali hebridis kunZulebze mdebare saparlamen- arian. vanuatuSi turistebs izidavs roimata, porti-vi-
to respublika, romelsac CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba la (qveynis ekonomikuri, politikuri da kulturuli
solomonis kunZulTa teritoriuli wylebi, dasavle- centri). vanuatuSi turistebis Camosvla xorcieldeba
Tidan _ avstralia, samxreTidan axali kaledoniis navsadgurisa da baufildis saerTaSoriso aeroportis
wylebi, xolo aRmosavleTidan_ fijis teritoriuli meSveobiT. porti-vila gaSenebulia okeanis sanapiro
wylebi. misi dedaqalaqia port-vila. zolSi, romlis siaxloves aris dabali simaRlis mTe-
vanuatu moicavs 83 kunZuls, sadac adre cxovrob- bi. am qalaqis koloritsa da arqiteqturaze aisaxa
da adgilobrivi polonezielebi. espanurma eqspediciam britanuli, franguli kultura.
igi 1605 wels aRmoaCina. misi teritoriis garkveul na- evropuli stilis qalaqi_port-vila da qalaqi_lu-
wilze pretenzias acxadebdnen safrangeTi da gaerTia- genvili harmoniulad Tanaarseboben, uZveles kunZuleb-
nebuli samefo. vanuatum damoukideblobisaTvis brZo- Tan erTad. yovel kunZuls gaaCnia Tavisi specifika. va-
la daiwyo 1970-ian wlebSi, romelsac miaRwia 1980 nuatus kunZulebs turistebSi aRiareba moutana adgi-
wels. vanuatus oficialuri enebia bislama, inglisuri lobrivma jadoqrebma, magiam da saocrebebma. es kunZu-
da franguli. vanuatus teritoriis farTobia 12,2 aTa- lebi dafarulia tropikuli tyeebiT, sadac junglebSi
si km2. aris Cakarguli adgilobrivi aborigenebis soflebi.
vanuatu. garda amisa, vanuatus sanapirosTan axlos II msoflio
omis Semdeg amerikelebma Cayares manqanebi, iaraRi, tan-
kebi da sxva samrewvelo teqnika, radganac kunZulis
xelisuflebam uari ganacxada momatebul fasad maT
SeZenaze. am viTarebam SeiZleba moizidos bevri myvin-
Tavi. kunZulze bevria mSvenieri plaJebi.
kunZuli _ pitkerni aris taitidan 2160 kmis daSore-
biT, axal zelandiasa da panamas Soris mdebare, didi
britaneTis koloniuri saxelmwifo. misi mosaxleoba
Seadgens 50 kacs, farTobi _ 47 km2-s. imisaTvis, rom
turistma miaRwios kunZulamde, saWiroa man jer Caf-
rindes TviTmfrinaviT taitamde, xolo Semdeg ki gana-
xorcielos 36 saaTiani sazRvao mogzauroba, radganac
2008 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens
kunZulze ar aris asafreni biliki. erTaderTi dasax-
215,4 aTas kacs, saerTo mSp _ 726 mln aSS dolars, xo-
lebuli punqti kunZulze aris adamstauni. adgilobriv
lo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT _ 1,57 aTas aSS do-
xelisuflebas gaaCnia Semosavlis sami wyaro: markebis,
lars. am qveynis valutaa vanuatus vatu. mosaxleobis
xelnakeTi nivTebis da internet-baraTebis gayidva. ga-
90% aborigenia, xolo danarCeni ki evropeli, avstra-
re samyarosTan kavSiri myardeba kosmosuri Tanamgzav-
545 546
ris qselis meSveobiT. kunZulis mTavar saidumloebas neTSi SeiZleba gamoyofili iqnes saerTaSoriso tu-
warmoadgens xomald ~bauntis” ganZis saidumlo. rizmis ramdenime popularuli centri: pekini, Sanxai,
1787 wels britanulma gemma ~bauntma” taitisaken guanCJou, makao, hong-kongi, hainanis kunZuli da tibeti.
aiRo gezi. ekipaJis wevrebma am kunZulze gaatares ram- iaponiis RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens budisturi
denime Tve. maT moaxerxes aq ojaxebis gacnoba da aRar Zeglebi, wminda taZrebi, imperatoris sasaxle, erovnu-
undodaT ukan dabruneba, magram maT wasvlas aiZuleb- li muzeumi da xelovnebis centri.
da gemis kapitani. Seqmnili viTarebidan gamomdinare, yazaxeTi turistebs sTavazobs sacxenosno marSru-
1789 wlis 28 aprils amboxebulebma (kapitanis TanaSem- tebs, nadirobasa da Tevzaobas, turebs abreSumis gzis
wis kristian fleCeris meTaurobiT), aRmarTes ialqani. gavliT (TurqmeneTi_almaTa), agreTve sanatorium-gama-
maT kapitani da misi momxre ekipaJis Cvidmeti wevri ga- jansaRebel da ekologiur marSrutebs. yirgizeTSi bev-
dasxes barkasis sanapiroze, saidanac isini gagzavnes ri bunebrivi Zeglia tian-Sanis maRalmTiani sistemiT.
inglisSi. amboxebulebi dabrundnen pitkernis kunZul- yirgizeTis mTavar bunebriv RirsSesaniSnaobas warmo-
ze. maT xomald_bauntisagan kunZulze gadatvirTes yo- adgens isik-yulis tba. TurqmeneTSi Semonaxulia isto-
velgvari Rirebuli qoneba, moxsnes gems aRWurviloba riuli memkvidreobis bevri Zegli: meCeTebi, Zveli cixe-
da xomaldi dawves. 20 wlis Semdeg kunZuls moadga simagreebi, mavzoleumi. uzbekeTi cnobilia istoriuli
amerikuli gemi, romelsac cocxali daxvda mxolod ZeglebiT, nakrZalebiT balneologiuri kurortebiT
erTi ingliseli mezRvauri, romelsac SemorCenoda 10 (taSkentis mineraluri wylebiT, CarkatiTa da agal-
qali da 23 bavSvi.1 legendis Tanaxmad, xomald ~baun- kiT).
tze” mdebareobda 180 kg oqro. mezRvaurebma igi damar- bolo dros saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
xes sadRac pitkernis kunZulze. TvalsazrisiT, sul ufro mimzidvel regionad gadaiq-
ca avstraliis kontinenti da okeaneTi. Tavis mxriv,
rezmiume: okeaneTi moicavs axal zelandias, marSalis kunZu-
lebs, mikronezias, axal gvineas, solomonis, fijis, sa-
azia-wynari okeanis regionis qveynebis turistuli moas kunZulebs da sxva qveynebs. avstraliaSi turizmis
resursebi da rekreaciuli potenciali sakmaod maRa- ganviTarebas xels uwyobs idealuri dasvenebisTvis sa-
lia. Tanamedrove turizmis ganviTareba Zalze perspeq- Wiro xelsayreli klimatis arseboba. aq arasdros aris
tiulia aziaSi. mosalodnelia, rom axlo momavalSi Zlieri sicive an sicxe. zafxulis saSualo temperatu-
mowinave poziciebze gamova am regionis zogierTi qve- ra Seadgens + 260-s, xolo zamTris saSualo temperatu-
yana (CineTi da iaponia). turistebis mozidvis mixedviT, ra ki+180-s. avstraliis turistul centrebad miiCneven
CineTSi bevri RirsSesaniSnaobaa: erT-erTi yvelaze avstraliis biznes-centrs_sidneis, kulturul centrs
grandiozuli Zeglia CrdiloeT CineTSi mdebare didi _ melburns da administraciul dedaqalaqs_kanberas.
Cinuri kedeli, romlis sigrZec Seadgens 6700 km-s. Ci- avstraliis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoad-
gens didi barieruli rifi, romelic samefo kunZulis
1
saxiT gadaWimulia 2000 km-ze. es aris yvelaze msxvili
www.ocean.net/международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ, Чехия.
547 548
samefo rifi mTel planetaze. avstraliaSi dasvenebis - ~didi xorasnis” xalifa;
popularul adgils warmoadgens wynari okeanis kunZu- - ~aCrdilebis qalaqi”;
lebi, avstraliis mTel sigrZeze _ dasavleTidan aRmo- - ~ialqnebis qalaqi”;
savleTiT ganviTarebulia sarkinigzo turizmi. cnobi- - ~mwvane kontinenti”;
lia, rom qveyanaSi organizebulia specialuri turis- - ~kunZulTa kontinenti”;
tuli matarebeli. avstraliis sazRvao portebia sidne- - ~kinos, ocnebisa da zRvis samyaro”;
i, gladstoni, hei-pointi da sxvebi. axali zelandiis - ~wynari okeanis Sveicaria”;
portebs ganekuTvneba: velingtoni. velingtonSi mdeba- - ~solomonis oqros qveyana”.
reobs xelovnebis erovnuli galerea, erovnuli muzeu-
mi eqsponatebis brwyinvale koleqciiT.
axali zelandiis erT-erT mTavar turistul Rir-
sSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens qveynis mkvidri mosaxleo- testebi:
bis (aborigenebis) cxovrebis wes-Cveulebebi. turiste-
1. Sua aziis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs:
bisaTvis saintereso SeiZleba iyos adgilobriv, abori-
a) uzbekeTi; b) litva;
gen adamianTa yofa-cxovrebis gacnoba. am qveyanaSi mde-
g) latvia; d) yirgizeTi.
bareobs balneologiuri, samkurnalo wylebi. axali ka-
ledonia mimzidvelia ekologiuri turizmis ganviTare-
2. axali zelandiis dedaqalaqia:
bisaTvis. arqipelagi xeluxlebelia masobrivi turiz-
a) velingtoni; b) port-vila;
mis mxridan. amitom aq SemorCenilia veluri buneba, eq-
g) avarua; d) apia;
straordinaluri bunebrivi pirobebi. vanuatus kunZul-
ze bevria mSvenieri da praqtikulad ukacrieli plaJe-
3 vanuatus dedaqalaqia:
bi. es kunZuli dafarulia tropikuli tyeebiT. aq jun-
a) velingtoni; b) port-vila;
glebSi aris Cakarguli aborigenebis soflebi.
g) avarua; d) apia;
ZiriTadi terminologia:
4. kunZul _ pitkernis (didi britaneTis koloniuri
- ~amomavali mzis qveyana”; saxelmwifos) dRevandeli mosaxleoba Seadgens:
- ~akrZaluli” qalaqi; a) 47 aTas kacs; b) 47 kacs;
- ~didi sasaklao”; g) 47 mln kacs; d) 470 aTas kacs.
- ~turistuli meqa”;
- ~raxmanovis gasaRebi”; 5. axal zelandiasa da panamas Soris, taitidan 2160
- ~yazaxeTis margaliti”; kmis daSorebiT mdebareobs:
- ~burana”; a) solomonis kunZuli; b) vanuatu;
- ~Zveli mervi”; g) pitkernis kunZuli; d) dasavleT samoa.
549 550
Tavi 11. emiratebis didi nawili udabnos ukavia. amitom mo-
axlo aRmosavleTis regionis turistuli saxleoba ZiriTadad cxovrobs zRvispira zolSi an oa-
zisebSi. 1970-iani wlebidan oazisebis mimdebare udab-
potenciali
noebSi daiwyo maTi nayofier miwebad gadaqceva. emira-
tebi msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze cxeli saxelmwifoa,
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier dayofil tu-
romelic Sedgeba 7 saamirosagan. kerZod esenia: abu-da-
ristul regionebs Soris erT-erTi aris axlo aRmosav-
bi, ajmani, dubai, fujaira, ras-al-xaima, Sarja da um-
leTis turistuli regioni. Tanamedrove etapze sul
al-quvaini. kerZod, abu-dabi yvelaze didi emiratia, 900
ufro izrdeba am regionSi Semavali qveynebis turistu-
aT. mcxovrebiT, dedaqalaqiTa da prezidentis reziden-
li da rekreaciuli potenciali. saerTaSoriso turiz-
ciiT. dubai_ sididiT meore emiratia, romelic warmo-
mis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, am regionis qveynebs
adgens biznesis, vaWrobis, dasvenebisa da garTobis er-
Soris aRsaniSnavia arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebi,
T-erT msoflio centrs. Sarja_arabeTis gaerTianebu-
omani, saudis arabeTi, siria, TurqeTi, kviprosi, israe-
li emiratebis ~kulturuli dedaqalaqi” _sididiT me-
li, irani, iordania da libani. SedarebiT mogvianebiT
same emiratia. aq bevri muzeumi, istoriuli Zegli, meCe-
turizmis aqtiuri ganviTareba daiwyo iseT qveynebSi,
Ti da bazaria. ajmani aris yvelaze patara emirati,
rogoricaa: singapuri, erayi, palestinis saxelmwifo,
romelic warsulSi cnobili iyo margalitis mopovebis
iemeni, quveiTi, Razis seqtori da laosi.
adgilad. axla is gamoirCeva Tevzis ganviTarebuli
rewviTa da arabuli xomaldebis warmoebiT. um-al-quva-
arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebisa da oma-
ini aris emirati, sadac ganviTarebulia meTevzeoba. is
nis turistuli potenciali Tevzis Semswavleli samecniero-kvleviTi centria. ras-
al-xaima arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebis CrdiloeT
arabeTis gaerTianebuli saamiroebi (SemoklebiT nawilSi mdebare emiratia. XVI saukunidan moyolebuli
emiratebi) warmoadgens arabeTis naxevarkunZulze mde- igi mudmivad ganicdida Tavdasxmas ucxoeli dampyrob-
bare federalur-konstituciuri monarqiis mqone sa- lebisagan. fujairas emirati mdebareobs arabeTis emi-
xelmwifos, romelsac esazRvreba saudis arabeTi, kata- ratebis aRmosavleT nawilSi. igi rekomendebulia bune-
ri da omani. igi mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT aziaSi, bis moyvarulTa dasvenebisTvis da aseve maTTvis, vinc
romlis teritoriis farTobia 83,6 aT km2. emiratebis amjobinebs ganmartovebiT siCumeSi yofnas. fujairaSi
dedaqalaqia abu-zabi, udidesi qalaqia dubai, xolo nakrZalis sami_CanCqeris, baRis da Tbili barneologi-
oficialuri ena ki aris arabuli. 2005 wlis mdgomare- uri wyaroebis zonaa. am emiratis udabnoSi tardeba Se-
obiT, emiratebis mosaxleoba Seadgens 4,49 mln kacs, jibri sirbilSi. emiratebis yvela saamiroSi moqmedebs
saerTo mSp _ 159,3 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mo- islamuri samarTali. mosaxleobis umravlesoba aris
saxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 35,5 aTas aSS dolars. qvey- suniti muslimi, xolo mcire nawili ki _ Siitebi.
nis valuta aris emiratebis dihremi. arabeTis gaerTianebul saamiroebs aqvs maRalindus-
triuli ekonomika. qveynis ZiriTadi resursi navTobi
551 552
da gazia. saudis arabeTisa da quveiTisgan gansxvavebiT Zulis centrSi ori sastumro da 2 didi navsadguria
aq gvian (1969 wels) daiwyo navTobis mopoveba. damouki- ganTavsebuli. mTlianobaSi kunZulze 60 sastumro, 400
deblobis mopovebis Semdeg qveynis xelisuflebam gamo- vila da 5000 apartamentia. wylis parkebi, restornebi,
isyida ucxouri sanavTobo koncernebis aqtivebi. navTo- savaWro centrebi, sportuli klubebi, kinoTeatrebi da
bisagan miRebuli grandiozuli finansuri Semosavlebi daivingis moyvarulTaTvis specialuri adgilebia gan-
mTavrobas aZlevs umsxvilesi socialur-ekonomikuri Tavsebuli. kunZulis 17 ~toti” zRvis sxvadasxva mxare-
programebis ganxorcielebis saSualebas. qveyanaSi aris saa mimofantuli. erT-erTi maTgani yvavilebis baRiTaa
Tavisufali ekonomikuri zonebi, romelic pirvelad dafaruli, xolo danarCenebze ki kotejebi da vilebia.
daarsda dubais portis irgvliv 1980-ian wlebSi. ~naxevarmTvarezec” umaRlesi klasis sastumroebia. aq-
XX s-is bolos saamiroebi gadaiqca axlo aRmosav- vea msoflios udidesi wyalqveSa parki daivingis moyva-
leTis msxvil safinanso centrad. soflis meurneobaSi rulTaTvis. wyalqveS mdebareobs ~dakarguli qalaqi”,
dasaqmebulia mosaxleobis 5%, romelic akmayofilebs sadac CaZiruli TviTmfrinavebis, gemebis, egvipturi pi-
kvebis produqtebze arsebuli adgilobrivi moTxovnis ramidebisa da Zveli romauli kolonadebis naxvaa Se-
mxolod 25%-s. TevzWeridan miRebuli Semosavlebi 4- saZlebeli. wyalqveS turistebi maT istoriasac gaec-
jer aRemateba soflis meurneobidan miRebul Semosav- nobian.
lebs. emiratebs saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi da navTob- rigiT meore kunZulia ~palma jebel ali”, romlis
produqtebi, gazi, alumini, xolo importze ki Semoaqvs sigrZea 2,4 km, sigane _ 450 m. masze `zRvis sofelia”
mZime manqanaTmSeneblobis produqcia, satransporto ganTavsebuli, sadac 8 sastumro, elitaruli sacxovre-
aRWurviloba, sasoflo-sameurneo produqcia. beli saxlebi, kinoTeatrebi da sxva dasasvenebeli da-
dubaiSi Seqmnilia palmis xelovnuri kunZulebi, sa- wesebulebebia. mTlianad kunZulebis mSeneblobaze 100
dac ganlagebulia umTavresi turistuli infrastruq- mln m3 qviSa da qva daixarja, xolo dubais saxmeleTo
tura. igi aris tradiciebis progresTan Serwymis nimu- zoli 120 km-iT dagrZelda. aq yvela masala emiratebi-
Si. arabeTSi religia krZalavs ucxoelebisaTvis miwis dan iqna motanili.
miyidvas. amitom arabebma xelovnuri kunZulis Seqmna unikaluri kompleqsi ~msoflio” 7 kontinentisa da
gadawyvites. maT Sesabamisad am miwis Tavisuflad ga- 200 xelovnuri kunZulisagan Sedgeba. igi dubais sas-
yidvac SeeZlebaT. am kunZulebma ~palmis kunZulis” sa- tumro ~burj-al arabis” mopirdapire mxaresaa gaSene-
xelwodeba miiRo misi formis gamo. igi msoflioSi buli. xelovnuri kunZulebisagan gansxvavebiT, aq Cas-
udidesi xelovnuri kunZulia, romelic CineTis didi vla mxolod zRvidan aris SesaZlebeli. 200 kunZuli
kedlis msgavsad, kosmosidan SeuiaraRebeli TvaliTac msoflios TiTo qveyanas warmoadgens. es kunZulebi Se-
gamoCndeba. kunZuli `xis tanisagan” da naxevarmTvaris- sabamisi qveynis landSaftiT da dizainiT aris warmod-
gan Sedgeba. ~palmis tanze”, romlis sigrZe 2 km-ia, xo- genili. kunZulebis Seqmnis idea gaCnda dubais xelsay-
lo sigane ki _ 450 m, ganTavsebulia umaRlesi donis 7 reli geografiuli mdebareobis gamo, ramac igi sauke-
sastumro, mravali maRazia da sacxovrebeli saxli. Teso turistul adgilad aqcia. ~palm-ailends” Tavisi
luqsis klasis mqone 10 Senoba zRvas gadahyurebs. kun- unikaluri silamazis gamo, msoflios merve saocrebas
553 554
uwodeben. sam kunZuls Soris moTavsebulia 100-mde ganviTarebuli qveyana. aq moxvedras cdilobs msofli-
mdidruli sastumro, sacxovrebeli vilebi, binebi Ta- os TiTqmis yvela turisti.
visi sanapiro zoliT, mcire portebi, wylis parkebi, omani es aris samxreT-dasavleT aziaSi, arabeTis
restornebi, savaWro centrebi, sportuli dawesebule- naxevarkunZulis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, arabe-
bebi da gamajansaRebeli centrebi. Tis zRvis sanapiroze mdebare monarqistuli qveyana,
dubais ~burj-Taueri” msoflios yvelaze maRali romelsac esazRvreba saudis arabeTi, emiratebi da ie-
Senobaa. misi simaRlea 800 m. Tumca dubais arqiteqtu- meni. misi dedaqalaqia maskati, xolo oficialuri ena
ruli miRwevebi amiT ar Semoifargleba. sakuTar re- ki aris arabuli. omanis teritoriis farTobi Seadgens
kords moxsnis ~al-burj-Taueri”, romelsac 200 sar- 309,5 aTas km2-s. 2006 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxle-
Tulze meti eqneba da 1 km-s miaRwevs. nageboba Sedgeba oba Seadgens 3,2 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 52 mlrd aSS
sami gamoyofili caTambjenebisagan, romlebic erTma- dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 19,9
neTTan ramdenime xidiT iqnebian dakavSirebulni. erT- aTas aSS dolars. misi valuta aris omanis riali.
erTi caTambjeni danarCenebze dabalia da mas saxurav- omanis samxreT sanapiroebi umTavresad sworxazova-
ze aqvs uzarmazari sacurao kompleqsi. dubais kunZu- nia, xolo CrdiloeTiT ki _ SeWril-SemoWrili. omanis
lebis mSenebloba udides xarjebTan aris dakavSirebu- yuris sanapiros gaswvriv aRmarTulia omanis mTebi. am
li, Tumca proeqti mainc rentabeluria. kunZulTa ume- qveynis centraluri nawili ukavia qviSian udabnos. qve-
tesi nawili kerZo mflobelobaSia. dubaiSi imarTeba yana mdidaria navTobiT, bunebrivi airiTa da spilenZis
umaRlesi donis wveulebebi, modis kvireulebi, spor- madniT. Tanamedrove etapze omanis ekonomika mniSvne-
tuli Sejibrebebi. kurortis xSiri stumrebi arian ki- lovnad aris damokidebuli navTobis mopovebasa da eq-
no-varskvlavebi, msaxiobebi da momRerlebi. sportze. omanis klimati mSralia. aq hava udabnos ti-
dubais kunZulebi bevr aspeqtSi warmoadgenen Tana- pisa da tropikulia. Sida raionebTan SedarebiT sanapi-
medrove saocrebas. qveyana navTobidan miRebul udides roze naleqi ufro maRali donisaa. wliurad igi aR-
kapitals abandebs turizmis ganviTarebaSi, rac uaxlo- wevs ramdenime aseul mm-s. ivlisSi saSualo temperatu-
es periodSi mas moutans bevrad ufro met mogebas, vid- ra aq Seadgens +320C-s, ianvarSi _210C-s, maskati iTvle-
re sxva dargebSi dabandebuli investiciebi. arabTa ga- ba msoflios yvelaze cxel dedaqalaqad. VII_ XI sau-
erTianebul saamiroebSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos kuneebSi omani Sedioda arabTa saxalifos Semadgenlo-
msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi: ~al-aini” da ~nakiil- baSi. is XIII s-Si iyo safrangeTisa da didi britaneTis
taueri”. ~nakiil-taueris” simaRle iqneba 1,4 km. brZolis obieqti. mas XVI_XVIII ss-Si batonobda jer
amrigad, miuxedavad Tavisi mcire asakisa, emiratebi portugalia, Semdeg ki_irani.
mainc Zalian kargad aris cnobili ucxoeli turiste- omanSi turistebs izidavs sakmevlis miwa, romelic
bisaTvis. drois mokle intervalSi emiratebma moaxer- moicavs sakmevlis xeebsa da qaravnis oazisis narCe-
xes uprecedento aRmavloba: mcirericxovani dasaxle- nebs. is iyo Sua saukuneebSi sakmevlis vaWrobis sauke-
bis mqone uwylo udabnos adgilze, warmoiqmna maRal- Teso adgili. Tanamedrove etapze sakmevlis miwa aris
mniSvnelovani arqeologiuri adgili. 2000 wlidan sak-
555 556
mevlis miwa Setanilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreo- erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 21,2 aTas aSS do-
bis ZeglTa siaSi. amave nu-sxaSi Sedis aflais irigaci- lars. qveynis valuta aris saudis riali.
uli sistema, bati, al-xuTmi, alaiuni, bahlas cixe-si- saudis arabeTi.
magre.
omani, gansxvavebiT mezobeli arabeTis gaerTianebu-
li emiratebisagan, jer kidev araa bolomde Seswavli-
li ucxoeli turistebis mier. igi bolo dromde dake-
tili iyo turistebisaTvis. navTobis realizaciidan
miRebulma Semosavlebma xeli Seuwyo omanis infras-
truqturis ganviTarebas. misma mravalwlianma izola-
ciam am qveyanas SeunarCuna erovnuli kulturisa da
adgilobrivi mosaxleobis yofa-cxovrebis Tavisebure-
bani. amitom omani warmoadgens gasaocar qveyanas, maT-
Tvis, visac surs gaecnos arabuli cxovrebis saidum-
loebas da ganTavsdes prestiJul saerTaSoriso donis
sastumroebSi. omanSi dasvenebis yvelaze gavrcelebul
formas warmoadgens wyalqveSa curva.
qveynis teritoriebis udidesi nawili ukavia udab-
noebs. am qveyanaSi mdebareobs winaswarmetyvel muhame-
saudis arabeTis turistuli potenciali da dis samSoblo da islamis akvani_ hijazi. aq aris mTa-
misi gamoyenebis saSualebebi vari musulmanuri siwmindeebi meqa da medina. sadac yo-
velwliurad milionobiT adamiani asrulebs hajs. sau-
saudis arabeTis samefo axlo aRmosavleTis regio- dis arabeTSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio
nis erT-erTi yvelaze religiuri da Caketili qveyanaa. memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi kulturu-
igi mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT aziaSi. mas ukavia li Zeglebi, rogoric aris: diraia da madain-salihi,
arabeTis mTel msoflioSi yvelaze msxvili naxevarkun- agreTve Senoba-nagebobebi (meCeTebi), masjid al-nabavi
Zulis udidesi nawili. misi mosazRvre qveynebia iorda- da masjid al-harami. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT,
nia, erayi, quveiTi, katari, arabTa gaerTianebuli saami- es qveyana iyofa 4 provinciad (hijazi, nejdi, asiri da
roebi, omani da iemeni. saudis arabeTis dedaqalaqia Sarki), 13 emiratad. emiratebi ki, Tavis mxriv, iyofian
er-riadi, xolo udidesi qalaqebi ki aris jida, meqa, muhafazaebad. qveyanaSi sul 118 muhafazaa.
at-taifi, medina da damami. qveynis oficialuri enaa qveynis ekonomikis wamyvani seqtoria navTobmompove-
arabuli, xolo religia ki aris islami. saudis arabe- beli mrewveloba. saudis arabeTze modis navTobis
Tis teritoriis farTobi Seadgens 2,15 mln km2-s. 2007 msoflio maragebis udidesi nawili (daaxloebiT 30%).
wlis mdgomareobiT qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 27,6 navTobis sabadoebis gaxsnis Semdeg saudis arabeTi ga-
mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 446 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo
557 558
daiqca regionis umdidres qveynad. igi flobs navTobs,
bunebriv airs, rkinis madans, oqrosa da spilenZs. sau-
dis arabeTs saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi. igi navTobis siriis turistuli potenciali
udidesi mwarmoebeli qveyanaa msoflioSi. saudis ara-
beTi damoukidebel saxelmwifod gadaiqca 1923 wlis
siriis arabTa respublika erTpartiuli socialis-
win. stabilurobis SenarCuneba da eqstremizmTan brZo-
turi sistemis mqone qveyanaa, romelic mdebareobs sam-
la yovelTvis Sedioda arabeTis interesebSi.
xreT-dasavleT aziaSi, xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze.
saudis arabeTSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istori-
mas dasavleTidan esazRvreba libani da xmelTaSua
ul-kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: er-
zRva, CrdiloeTidan_TurqeTi, aRmosavleTidan _erayi,
riadi (Tanamedrove arqiteqtura, masmakis cixe-simagre,
samxreTidan_iordania, xolo samxreT-dasavleTidan ki-
diraia), meqa da medina (musulmanTa wminda adgilebi),
_israeli. siriis dedaqalaqia damasko. qveynis terito-
jida (Zveli qalaqi da muzeumi) da hufufi (oazisi,
riis farTobia 185,2 aTasi km2. 2007 wlis mdgomareobiT,
kasr-ibrahimis cixe-simagre).
qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 19,4 mln kacs, saerTo mSp
saudis arabeTi aris islamuri tradiciebis mkacrad
_71,7 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaanga-
damcveli qveyana, rac vlindeba turistul formaloba-
riSebiT _ 5,3 aTas dolars. saxelmwifo enaa arabuli.
Si: aq akrZalulia alkoholuri sasmelebis Setana, sik-
mosaxleobis 85% musulmania, xolo 15% ki_qristiani.
vdiliT isjeba narkotikebiT movaWreebi, misi eqsporti-
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT, qveyana dayofilia 14
orebi da importiorebi, akrZalulia religiuri wigne-
regionad. swored siriaSi Caedineba mdinare evfrati.
bis Setana, agreTve israelis samarko niSnis mqone pro-
siria flobs navTobs, fosfatebs, rkinis madans, qvama-
duqciis Setana. am qveyanaSi akrZalulia mokle qveda-
rils, marmarilos, TabaSirs, hidroenergias, qromsa da
weliT, mokleklaviani da yelamoWrili tansacmiliT an
manganums. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobproduqtebi,
SarvalSi gamowyobili qalebis quCaSi gamosvla. am qve-
bamba, fosfatebi da xil-bostneuli. qveynis valutaa
yanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ZiriTad saxeobas war-
siriuli funti.
moadgens aRmsareblobis formaSi ganxorcielebuli
siriaSi turistebis mozidvas ganapirobebs iseTi
religiuri turizmi.
istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogori-
saudis arabeTSi aRmsarebloba efuZneba tradiciul
caa: krak-de-Sevalie (jvarosanTa erT-erTi saukeTeso
islamur kults. yovelma musulmanma Tundac sicocx-
cixe-simagre), palmira (romauli periodis naqalaqari),
leSi erTxel mainc unda Seasrulos aRmsarebloba (ha-
alepo (cixe-simagre, meCeTebi da muzeumebi). siriam saf-
ji) wminda qalaq meqasa da medinaSi. meqa warmoadgens
rangeTisagan sruli damoukidebloba moipova 1946
aRmsareblobis adgils, radganac, gadmocemis Tanaxmad,
wels. siriaSi turistebs agreTve izidavs antioqiis
aq daibada islamis moZRvrebis damfuZnebeli wminda
marTlmadidebluri eklesia, agreTve siriaSi mdebare
mociquli muhamedi, xolo medinaSi ki mdebareobs misi
iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi_ alepo, bos-
saflavi.
ra, damasko, krak-de-Sevalie, mkvdari qalaqebi, palmira,
559 560
saladinis citadeli. damaskodan 50 km-is daSorebiT Zveli arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT, eklesiebiTa da meCeTe-
mdebareobs qalaqi malula, romlis mcxovrebnic lapa- biT. dedaqalaqSi 200-ze meti meCeTia. xmelTaSua zRvis
rakoben qristes enaze, arameulad. siriaSi turistebi sanapiros im monakveTis sigrZe, romelic Sedis siriis
Cadian qristianuli aRmsareblobis Casatareblad Tek- teritoriul sazRvrebSi, Seadgens 200 km-s.
las taZarSi, romelic aSenebulia wminda Teklas saf- sididiT meoTxe qalaq _ latakiaSi (siriis mTavar
lavisa da gamoqvabulis garSemo. qristianuli aRmsa- sazRvao portSi) mdebareobs erT-erTi ZviradRirebuli,
reblobis umravlesoba miekuTvneba berZnul-kaToli- komfortuli da prestiJuli kurorti _ Sat-al-azraki.
kur eklesias, sadac yoveli wlis 14 seqtembers didi sirias gaaCnia ramdenime Tanamedrove aRiarebuli sam-
zeimiT aRiniSneba jvarTamaRleba. swored malulaSi To kurorti, romelTac ganekuTvneba slenfe da maSta-
aris msoflioSi uZvelesi eklesia, romelic macxova- al-helu. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebas siriaSi
ris jvarcmidan ramdenime weliwadSi aages. am eklesia- ewinaaRmdegeba mTeli rigi istoriulad garTulebuli
Si religiuri aRmsarebloba tardeba yoveli wlis 7 mdgomareoba: siria, sxva arabuli qveynebis msgavsad, ar
oqtombers. aRiarebs israelis damoukideblobas. 1973 wels siriam,
siria. egviptesTan erTad, daiwyo omi israelis winaaRmdeg. am
istoriulma faqtma daZaba urTierToba israelsa da
sirias Soris. siriaSi Sesasvlelad viza ar gaicema is-
raelis moqalaqeebze, xolo siria-israelis sazRvar-
Tan mdebare raionebSi mogzauroba saxifaToa. siriis
xelisuflebas ukve mravali wlis ganmavlobaSi mar-
Tavs asadTa sagvareulo warmomavlobis klanur-diqta-
toruli reJimi.
TurqeTis turistuli resursebi da misi

gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi
TurqeTis respublika mdebareobs dasavleT aziaSi

da Trakeze samxreT-aRmosavleT evropis balkaneTis
siria aris musulmanur samyarosTan qristianebis regionSi, anatoliis naxevarkunZulze. mas esazRvreba 8
Setakebis adgili, romelic warsulis (Sua saukuneebis) qveyana: bulgareTi, saberZneTi, saqarTvelo, somxeTi,
epoqaSi, kaTolikuri eklesiebis egidiT, cdilobda gae- azerbaijani, irani, erayi da siria. samxreTiT TurqeTs
Tavisuflebina wminda adgili musulmanebisagan. qris- esazRvreba xmelTaSua zRva, dasavleTiT _ egeosis
tianul mimdinareobaTa Sesaxeb migviTiTebs aq nangre- zRva, CrdiloeTiT _ Savi zRva. anatolias Trakesagan
vebad qceuli kaTolikuri Zeglebi. damasko msoflios aSorebs marmarilos zRva, bosforisa da dardanelis
erT-erTi uZvelesi qalaqia, romelic cnobilia Tavisi sruteebi, romelTac aziisa da evropis gamyof sazR-
561 562
vrad miiCneven. amdenad, TurqeTi transkontinenturi ve izidavs monastrebi: agiapati, berTa, eqeqi, mijnaZo-
qveyanaa. misi dedaqalaqia ankara, udidesi qalaqebia ri, opiza, parxali, tbeTis monasteri, Satberdi, xan-
stamboli, izmiri, bursa, antalia da samsuni. oficia- ZTa, soxtoroti (Sua saukuneebis qarTuli xuroTmoZR-
luri enaa Turquli. am qveynis teritoriis farTobia vrebis Zegli, romelic mdebareobs amJamad TurqeTis
783,56 aTasi km2. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxle- teritoriaSi Semaval istoriul taoSi). es oTxkuTxa
oba Seadgens 75 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _915 mlrd do- darbazuli eklesia amJamad gadakeTebulia meCeTad.
lars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT_13,1 aT. do- TurqeTis mosaxleobis umravlesoba sunitia. Turq-
lars. valutaa Turquli lira. selCukebisa da osmalebis Semosevis dros iZulebiT
TurqeTi. gaaTurqes qarTvelebi, afxazebi, aWarlebi, albanelebi,
arabebi, sirielebi, bisniakebi, Cerqezebi, qurTebi, la-
zebi, boSebi, somxebi, berZnebi da ebraelebi.
aziisa da evropis gasayarze strategiuli mdebareo-
bis gamo, TurqeTis mimarT daintereseba odiTganve iyo.
misi kultura dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTis kultura-
Ta nazavia. Zlieri istoriuli, kulturuli da ekono-
mikuri gavleniT TurqeTma regionSi SeiZina strategiu-
li mniSvneloba. mniSvnelovania bosforisa da darda-
nelis sruteebi. TurqeTi upiratesad mTa-goriani qveya-
naa. aziuri nawilis dasavleT teritoriebi ZiriTadad
uWiravs anatoliis zegans, xolo aRmosavleTi nawili
upiratesad saSualo da maRali mTebiTaa warmodgeni-
TurqeTSi turistebs izidavs arqiteqturuli Zegle- li.
bi _ vardisa da selimies meCeTebi, muzeumi _ santra- misi politikuri sistema Camoyalibda 1923 wels
listambuli, sasaxleebi _ dolmabahCe, Tofqafi (stam- mustafa qemal aTaTurqis meTaurobiT (romelic qarTu-
boli), cixe-simagreebi _ mgelcixe, artanuji, Tuxarisi, lad niSnavs ~Turqebis mamas”). igi TurqeTs xelmZRvane-
olTisi, beWisi, kalmaxis, farnakis, qajis da yvelis lobda XX saukunis dasawyisSi, roca qveyanaSi mZvinva-
cixesimagreebi, TurqeTSi mdebare iuneskos msoflio rebda politikuri da ekonomikuri krizisi. man mouwo-
memkvidreobis Zeglebi _ goremes erovnuli parki, kapa- da TurqeTis ers, SeezRudaT fundamenturi islamistu-
dokiis kldeebi, qalaq _ divrigis didi meCeTi da hos- ri tradiciebi da SemoebrunebinaT qveyana evropuli
pitali, stambolis istoriuli nawili, xaTusas nangre- ganviTarebis mimarTulebiT. am tendencias aqvs adgili
vebi, nemrut-daRi, antioqos mwvervalze mdebare famuq- dResac. is aisaxeba TurqeTis axlandel politikaSic,
qales saflavi, Zveli ierapolisi, qsanfi-letooni, qa- rac gamoixateba imaSi, rom es qveyana cdilobs evro-
laqi _ safranbolu, Zveli trois arqeologiuri gaTx- kavSirSi gawevrianebas. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT,
rebi da selimies meCeTi. am qveyanaSi turistebs agreT- TurqeTi mniSvnelovnad aris damokidebuli sagareo sa-
563 564
nedleulo da samrewvelo bazrebze. misi saerTaSori- ram. bolo dros ufro SesamCnevi gaxda evropuli kul-
so specializaciis safuZvels warmoadgens mompovebe- turis gavlena.
li, msubuqi, kvebis mrewveloba, mSenebloba, samuSao Za- TurqeTSi napovni arqiteqturuli elementebi mow-
lis aqtiuri emigracia da sagareo vaWroba mezobel mobs tradiciebis nazavs _ gviandel osmalur arqiteq-
qveynebTan. aq inflaciis done aris 8,2%, umuSevrobis turul eqsponatebs, adgilobriv da isla-mur Sedev-
done ki _ 10,4%, masobrivi privatizaciis Sedegad Tur- rebs, dasavlur stilebs, rac gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCi-
qeTma SeZlo 21 mlrd dolaris ucxouri investiciebis noa stambolSi. TurqeTSi turistebs izidavs iseTi is-
mozidva. sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam TurqeTs damatebiTi toriuli memkvidreoba, rogoricaa: stambolSi _aiaso-
SesaZleblobebi misca ganevrco Tavisi produqcia pos- fias taZari, meCeTebi, muzeumebi da aRmosavluri baz-
tsabWour qveynebSi da mieRo maTgan bunebrivi da sam- rebi; naqalaqarebSi _ efesi, mileti, pergama da antio-
rewvelo nedleuli, gaeyvana baqo-Tbilisi-jeihanis nav- qia; Turquli eposi _ qiTabi dede qorqudi (X_XI sau-
Tobsadeni, riTac TurqeTi iqca dasavleTisaTvis ener- kuneebi).
gomatareblebis strategiul mimwodeblad. amdenad, TurqeTi warmoadgens erT-erT popularul
TurqeTi natos, evro-sabWosa da didi oceulis wev- turistul qveyanas saerTaSoriso turistebisaTvis.
ri qveyanaa. aq iRebs saTaves evfrati da tigrosi. Tur- qveynis saerTaSoriso specializaciis rolSi gamodis
qeTi iyofa 7 regionad, 81 qveregionad da 923 raionad. turizmi. TurqeTSi mdebareobs didi raodenobiT eko-
TurqeTis teritoriisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia kontinen- logiurad sufTa kurorti, romelTac gaaCniaT Sedare-
turi klimati, romelic xasiaTdeba. zamTris tempera- biT iafi da maRali klasis servisi. strategiuli ur-
turis mkveTri vardniT da zafxulis temperaturis TierTobis TvalsazrisiT, xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze
mkveTri zrdiT. TurqeTis seriozuli erovnuli prob- mdebareobs popularuli kurortebi. zafxulobiT aq
lemaa qurTi umciresobis brZola damoukideblobis- temperatura aRwevs +400C-s. amitom SuadRis saaTebSi
Tvis, magram arsebobs qurTebis dasaxleba, romlebic plaJze yofna ararekomendebulia. turizmis ganviTare-
floben zRvis sanapiroze gaSenebul sastumroTa kom- ba TurqeTSi turistebs izidavs evropuli qveynebidan,
pleqss. da mainc, miuxedavad imisa, Tu ramdenad didia gansakuTrebiT germaniidan da ruseTidan. garda amisa,
terorizmis ganviTarebis Sedegad kurortebze arsebu- Turqebi odiTganve iTvlebodnen karg vaWrebad. amitom
li wesrigis moSlis safrTxe, qveyanaSi igi ar igrZno- turistebs SeuZliaT aq xelsayrel (SedarebiT dabal)
ba. fasad SeiZinon maTTvis sasurveli saqoneli da momsa-
TurqeTs mravalferovani kultura aqvs. mTavrobam xureba. yovelive es TurqeTSi izidavs mogzaurebs
didZali resursebi daabanda natif xelovnebaSi: muzeu- sxvadasxva qveynidan. yvelaze ufro cnobil kurorts
mebSi, TeatrebSi, operasa da arqiteqturaSi. Turqul warmoadgens antalia, alania, beleki, kemeri, kuSadasi,
kulturaSi Serwymulia tradiciuli religiuri da is- side, marmarisi da sxvebi. TurqeTis kurortebze sas-
toriuli Rirebulebebi. Turqul literaturaze didi tumroebSi dasveneba saintereso xdeba animaciuri
gavlena moaxdina sparsulma da arabulma literatu- programebiT, sxvadasxva saxis saqonlis reklamiTa da
realizaciiT.
565 566
kemeri mdebareobs zRvaze daSvebuli mTis ferdob- laqs uwodes ~mocekvaveTa qalaqi”. alaniaSi zafxulo-
ze, sadac arsebobs Tanamedrove tipis sastumroebi da biT turistebi moemgzavrebian msoflios sxvadasxva
klubebi. ramdenime aTeuli wlis win kemeri iyo meTev- qveynidan. cnobili sportuli gundebi zamTrobiT aq
zeebiT dasaxlebuli sofeli. axla aq SeiZleba aramar- atareben sawvrTnel Sekrebebs.
to zRvis plaJebze dasveneba, aramed iaxtaze gaseirne-
bac. saiaxte kruizebi moicavs Ria zRvaSi TevzWeras, kviprosis turistuli resursebi da
sadilsa da curvas. RirsSesaniSnaobani
feTqie TurqeTis axali saporto qalaqia, ganviTare-
buli turistuli infrastruqturiT. is mdebareobs kviprosis respublika sididiT mesame kunZulovani
fiWvis da wiwvovani tyeebiT dafaruli mTis ZirSi. qa- saxelmwifoa xmelTaSua zRvaSi, romelic mdebareobs
laqs es saxelwodeba daerqva 1913 wels aviakatastro- TurqeTis samxreTiT. am saxelmwifos ganmsaxvavebel
fis dros daRupuli cnobili Turqi eqsperimentaluri Taviseburebas warmoadgens misi mosaxleobis orerova-
mfrinavis xsovnis sapativcemulod. igi mdebareobs seni (Turqebisa da berZnebis) Semadgenloba. kviprosis
ismurad aqtiur zonaSi. mis siaxloves 1956 da 1957 dedaqalaqia niqozia. oficialuri enebia berZnuli da
wlebSi moxda ori udidesi miwisZvra. TurqeTSi dasve- Turquli. misi teritoriis farTobia 9,25 aTas km2. 2007
nebis popularul adgils warmoadgens kuSadasi, rac wlis mdgomareobiT aq cxovrobs 788,45 aTasi kaci. ofi-
qarTulad niSnavs ~frinvelis kunZuls”. am turistuli cialuri religiaa marTlmadidebloba da islami. qvey-
raionis teritoriaze mdebareobs erovnuli parki _ dinis saerTo mSp Seadgens 24,5 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo
leki, sadac binadroben sxvadasxva saxis frinvelebi erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 31,5 aT dolars.
da cxovelebi. kuSadasi sazRvao portia. qalaqTan ax- kviprosi.
los mdebareobs arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aR-
moCenili Zveli berZnuli qalaqebi.
TurqeTSi gamoedineba cxeli, balneologiuri wya-
roebi, romelic Seicavs kalciumsa da oqsids. man ga-
moiwvia kiris gorakebis warmoqmna. turistebs uyvarT
am TeTri mTebis daTvaliereba. aq Tavmoyrilia bevri
samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli centri. side, Tavisi Tana-
medrove turistuli kompleqsebiT da mSvenieri plaJe-
biT, warmoadgens sakmaod aRiarebul kurorts. marmari-
si mdebareobs egeosis da xmelTaSua zRvebs Soris. is
aRmocenda naqalaqaris adgilze. aq Zveli arqiteqtu-
ris Zeglebi Sevsebulia Tanamedrove stilis sastumro-
ebiT. marmarisSi arsebuli uamravi restornebis, kafe--
barebis, diskoTekebis, musikisa da cekvebis gamo, am qa-
567 568
kviprosi SedarebiT ganviTarebuli ekonomikis mqone kviprosSi turistebs izidavs niqozias istoriuli
qveyanaa. igi mdidaria spilenZis, azbestis, TabaSiris, muzeumi, amatusis kolonis naSTebi, veneciuri cixe-si-
marilis, marmarilos, Tixis sabadoebiTa da saSeni xe-- magre, kolosis cixe-simagreebi, lazares samarxebi, wm.
tyis masaliT. am qveyanaSi funqcionirebs samTo-mompo- petres kolona, limasoli (Tavisi sasaxleebiTa da ci-
vebeli, msubuqi da kvebis mrewveloba, manqanaTmSeneb- xe-simagreebiT), iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeg-
loba da samSeneblo masalebis warmoeba. soflis meur- lTa siaSi Setanili istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebi:
neoba eyrdnoba yurZnisa da zeTisxilis warmoebas. mas pafosi (qalaqi), troodosis regionis moxatuli ekle-
saeqsportod gaaqvs tansacmeli, fexsacmeli, Rvino, siebi da xirokitia. kviprosis marTlmadidebluri mo-
kartofili da citrusi. am qveynis valutaa evro. nastrebis umravlesobas icavs iunesko. kviprosSi tu-
1959 wlamde kviprosi iyo britaneTis kolonia. 1963 ristebs izidavs aseve Zveli qarTuli monastrebi _ Ra-
wels berZnul da Turqul Temebs Soris moxda Setake- lia, kikosia, mariamis eklesia, wm. giorgis taZari. Ra-
ba. 1974 wels, ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, qveynis Seda- lia aaSena Tamar mefem XII saukuneSi. aq aRmoCenilia
rebiT ganviTarebuli raionebi okupirebuli iqna Tur- XIII_XIV saukuneebis qarTuli freskebi, warwerebi, sa-
qeTis samxedro SeiaraRebuli Zalebis mier im motiviT, yofacxovrebo da religiuri daniSnulebis nivTebi.
rom daecvaT Turqi-kviproselebi saberZneTis sajariso kviprosi cnobilia Rvinis turizmis ganviTarebiTac.
formirebebis mier kunZulze samxedro gadatrialebis kviprosSi danaSauli TiTqmis ar xdeba. amaze mety-
mcdelobisagan. aman qveynis ekonomikas moutana udide- velebs qveyanaSi arsebuli mxolod erTaderTi cixe,
si danakargebi. aseT pirobebSi ekonomikuri zrdis romelSic sasjels ixdian ZiriTadad vadagasuli pas-
strategiul mimarTulebad qveyanam daisaxa saerTaSo- portebis mqone turistebi. es gasakviri sulac araa,
riso turizmisa da ofSoruli biznesis ganviTareba. radgan am qveyanaSi Casul turists, imis miuxedavad,
1975 wels, xelsayreli sainvesticio klimatis SeqmniT, rom mis vizas vada gauvida, uWirs miwier samoTxesTan
kviprosis xelisuflebam kursi aiRo ucxouri investi- ganSoreba. kviprosSi arsebuli, damnaSaveobis dabali
ciebis mozidvasa da saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTa- done, kargi rekreaciuli SesaZleblobebis gaTvaliswi-
rebaze. 1976 wels TurqeTma kviprosis CrdiloeTi nawi- nebiT, xels uwyobs kapitalis dabandebas turistul
li gamoacxada ~CrdiloeT kviprosis Turqul respub- infrastruqturaSi. radganac 1960 wlamde kviprosi iyo
likad”, romlis valutad aRiara lira. mimdinareobs inglisis kolonia. amitom turistebs Soris Warbobs
molaparakeba kviprosis gaerTianebis Taobaze. evrokav- ingliselebi. Tanamedrove etapze qveynis ekonomika
SirSi kviprosis gawevrianebam axali impulsi SesZina mniSvnelovan donezea damokidebuli saerTaSoriso tu-
am process. administraciulad, kviprosis respublika rizmidan miRebul Semosavlebze. kviprosis umsxviles
dayofilia 6 raionad da 33 Temad. Tavis mxriv, Crdi- turistul centrebs warmoadgens: 1. nikosia, romelic
loeT kviprosis Turquli respublika iyofa 5 raionad. mdebareobs kunZulis centrSi; 2. meRvineobis centri
kviprosSi gavrcelebulia xmelTaSuazRvis tipis kli- _limasoli; kunZulis dasavleT nawilis istoriuli
mati, rac xels uwyobs aq turizmis ganviTarebas. dedaqalaqi_pafosi (es aris turistuli centri larna-
kas saerTaSoriso aeroportiT); 3. axalgazrda kuror-
569 570
ti _aia-napa; 4. famagus-ta, romelic cnobilia oqrosfe- angariSebiT ki_ 4,8 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa
ri qviSiT. iordanuli dinari. mosaxleobis 95% islamis mimdevari
kviprosSi turistebs samogzaurod sTavazoben mra- arabia, danarCeni 5% qristiania.
vali saxis turs egvipteSi, iordaniasa da israelSi. aq
SeiZleba Sesruldes mini-kruizebi, raTa turistebma iordania.
daaTvalieron kunZulis lamazi sanapiroebi da gaec-
non kunZulis Zvel umdidres istorias. maT agreTve Se-
uZliaT imogzauron pafosSi. kviprosi, pirvel rigSi,
cnobilia, rogorc sazRvao da gasarTobi turizmis
centri, magram es am qveynis Sesaxeb arasrulyofili
warmodgenis gamoxatulebaa. kviprosSi mdebareobs mra-
valricxovani Zveli berZnuli da romauli kulturis
Zeglebi, aseve qristianuli istoriis mqone marTlmadi-
deblobis wminda adgilebi, sadac Camodian momlocve-
lebi, maT Soris saqarTvelodanac. samlocveloTa
centrs warmoadgens kakkosi da limasoli.
iordaniisa da israelis
turistul-rekreaciuli potenciali iordaniis teritoriaze mdebareobs iseTi Zveli
kulturis Zeglebi, romelic daTariRebulia Cvens
iordaniis haSemituri samefo axlo aRmosavleTSi welTa aRricxvamde II_V saukuneebiT. XIX saukunis da-
aziis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare, konstituciuri mo- sasruls samxreT iordaniis mTebSi arqeologebma aR-
narqiis mqone arabuli saxelmwifoa, romelsac Crdi- moaCines qalaqi_petra, romelic iyo nabateiskis same-
loeTiT esazRvreba siria, Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT_era- fos dedaqalaqi Cvens welTa aRricxvamde II_I saukune-
yi, samxreTiT da aRmosavleTiT_saudis arabeTi, xolo ebSi. igi aris msoflios 7 saocrebidan erT-erTi arqi-
dasavleTiT ki _ israeli da palestina. iordania isra- teqturuli Zegli, romelic yvelaze metad izidavs tu-
els da palestinas esazRvreba mkvdari zRvis sanapiro- ristebs iordaniaSi. es aris qalaqi, romelic zRvis
Ti. misi teritoriis 99% ukavia udabnoebsa da naxeva- donidan 900 m-is simaRleze mdebareobs. igi samxreTiT
rudabnoebs. oficialuri enaa arabuli, xolo gavrce- da CrdiloeTiT SemosazRvrulia uReltexilebiT, xo-
lebuli enaa inglisuri. qveyana dayofilia 12 muhafa- lo dasavleTisa da aRmosavleTisaken ki gamokveTilia
zad. iordaniis dedaqalaqia amani. qveynis teritoriis 60 m-iani simaRlis mqone kldeebi (bunebrivi kedeli). aq
farTobi Seadgens 89,3 aTas km2-s. 2007 wlis mdgomareo- aris kldovani taZari_ mavzoleumi el-hazne (~farao-
biT, iordaniaSi cxovrobs 5,9 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Se- nis saganZuri”). igi aSenda II saukuneSi. ed-deiri aris
adgens 28 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ga- kldeSi gamokveTili monasteri, 50 m-is sigrZiT, 45 m-is
571 572
siganiTa da kldeze amotvifruli jvrebiT, rac imas sul ufro meti momlocveli mogzaurobs religiuri
mowmobs, rom es nageboba erT dros marTlmadideblu- misiiT iordaniis aRmosavleTiT, Tanamedrove palesti-
ri eklesia iyo. dResdReobiT petras sanaxavad iorda- nisa da israelis teritoriaze. aseTi mimarTulebiT
nias yovelwliurad stumrobs naxevar milionamde tu- mogzaurobis dros isini marTlac gaatareben dros
risti. rodesac turistebi erTkilometrian gril kani- Zveli da axali movlenebis kvaldakval, riTac xelax-
ons gadian, maT Tvalwin gadaiSleba ~saganZuri” _ dila Tanmimdevrulad ganicdian RmerTisa da adamianis
debuli Senoba fasadiT, romelic uzarmazari kldisa- urTierTdamokidebulebas, samyaros daarsebis pirveli
gan aris gamokveTili. es nageboba I saukunisaa. kanioni wuTidan dRemde. religiur wyaroebSi moxseniebulia
TandaTan farTovdeba da turistebi xvdebian bunebriv mkvdari zRva, romelic TavisTavad warmoadgens msof-
amfiTeatrSi, romlis qviSis kedlebSi uamravi gamoqva- lio donis RirsSesaniSnaobas. igi qmnis silamazes da
bulia, magram mTavari, rac aq turistebs TvalSi xvde- simbolurad dramatul suraTs.
ba, es aris kldeSi gamokveTili samarxebi. Tanamedrove etapze mkvdari zRvis aRmosavleT sa-
iordaniaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio napiros gaswvriv mimdebare teritoria warmoadgens
memkvidreobis Zeglebi_ petra, uadi-rumi (qviSisa da iordaniel da ucxoel turistTa dasvenebis erT-erT
granitis kldeebSi amokveTili mTvaris xeoba, romelic yvelaze popularul adgils. turists SeuZlia centra-
mdebareobs samxreT iordaniaSi), arqeologiuri Zegli luri da samxreT iordaniidan advilad miaRwios cno-
_ um-ar-rasasi (Zeglis umTavresi nawili jer kidev ga- bil Termul wyaroebamde uamravi marSrutidan optima-
uTxrelia, xolo Seswavlil nawilze aRmoCenilia sam- luris meSveobiT, romlebic mopirkeTebulni arian la-
xedro banaki da ramdenime eklesia). Zeglis centralur mazi da Tanamedrove kauCukis asfaltiT, mokirwyluli
panelze gamosaxulia nadirobis da Tevzaobis scenebi), qvebiT, trotuarebiTa da moajirebiT. iordaniis sam-
qasr-amra (udabnoSi mdebare cixe-simagre, romelic xreTiT, wiTel zRvaze mdebareobs popularuli dasas-
aSenda 711-715 wlebSi Tanamedrove iordaniis aRmosav- venebeli adgili. amrigad, iordanias SeuZlia moizi-
leT nawilSi. es aris adreuli islamuri kulturisa dos is turistebi, romelTac surT zRvaze dasveneba.
da arqiteqturis Sedevri, romlis kedlebzec SemorCe- israelis saxelmwifo mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT
nilia frezkebi_nadirobis scenebi. misi nangrevebi mde- aziaSi, xmelTaSua zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze, ro-
bareobs amanis axlos, rac warmoadgens popularul melsac CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba libani, Crdilo-aRmo-
turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas). savleTiT_siria, aRmosavleTiT_ iordania, samxreT-da-
turistebi aq moemgzavrebian imisaTvis, rom daaTva- savleTiT_ egvipte da samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ Razis
lieron istoriuli Zeglebi, Teatrebi, romelic agebu- seqtori. qveynis dedaqalaqia ierusalimi, xolo udide-
lia vardisferi qvebiT. iordaniaSi nakrZalebi mniSvne- si qalaqi da politikuri centria Tel-avivi. oficia-
lovnad aris dakavSirebuli religiur tradiciebTan. luri enebia ebrauli da arabuli. qveynis teritoriis
mravali mkvlevari maT mier gamoqveynebul statiebSi farTobia 20,7 aTasi km2. 2012 wlis mdgomareobiT, isra-
pirdapir akavSireben bibliaSi aRweril movlenebs elSi cxovrobs 7,869 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens
iordaniis mdinaris istoriasTan. amitom dReisaTvis 232,7 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ki _ 33,3
573 574
aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa israelis Sekeli. am dan osmalo-Turqebis gandevna. israelma damoukideb-
qveynis religiaa iudaizmi da islami. loba gmoacxada 1948 wlis 14 maiss, rasac Sedegad moh-
yva omi mezobel, arabul saxelmwifoebTan, radganac
isini ar aRiareben israelis saxelmwifoebriobas. pre-
israeli. sis TavisuflebiTa da ekonomikuri konkurentunariano-
bis indeqsis mixedviT israeli pirvelia axlo aRmosav-
leTis regionSi. israeli gaeroSi gawevrianda 1949
wels. 1967 wels eqvsdRian saomar moqmedebaTa Sedegad
man SemoierTa aRmosavleT ierusalimis mimdebare teri-
toria, rasac mohyva 1968 wlis arabul-ebrauli kon-
fliqti.
israels gaaCnia saSeni xe-tye, spilenZis madani, bu-
nebrivi airi, fosfati, Tixa da sila. mas saeqsportod
gaaqvs xil-bostneuli, navTob-produqtebi, qimikatebi,
manqanaTmSeneblobis produqcia da sasuqi. israelis
ekonomikis safuZvels warmoadgens mrewveloba, saxel-
dobr, almasebis warmoeba, subtropikuli soflis me-
urneoba. israeli Zvelebraulad ~RmerTTan SeWide-
buls” niSnavs. igi mdebareobs iudeis udabnoSi, pales-
tinaSi. qveyana, teritoriuli simciris miuxedavad, ge-
ografiulad moicavs mravalferovan regionebs. qveynis
CrdiloeTi da centralur-aRmosavleTi nawili mTiani-
a, dasavleTi _ zRvispira dablobia, xolo samxreTi ki
antikur xanaSi am teritoriaze mdebareobda israe- _ udabno. zamTari aq civia, xolo zafxuli _ cxeli.
lis gaerTianebuli samefo (Cv. w. aRr-mde XI_X ss-Si). israelSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kul-
Semdeg igi orad _ israelisa da iudeis samefod gaiyo. turuli memkvidreoba, rogoricaa: ierusalimSi _ iafo-
Cv. w. aRr-mde 63 wels iudeis samefo daeqvemdebara rosa da Sxemis karebi, godebis kedeli, kldis gumbaTi,
mis imperias. mas Semdeg IV saukunemde mravalgzis mo- meCeTi ~al-aqsa”, uflis saflavis taZari, via-doloro-
awyo ebraelebma ajanyeba, magram es mcdelobebi romae- za, ierusalimis jvris monasteri, qristianul adgi-
lebma sastikad CaaxSes. IV saukunidan XX saukunemde lebSi _ nazareTi, kapernaumi, ieriqonSi _ sinagoga (VI
israelis miwa palestinis saxeliTaa cnobili. 1901 s.), xalifebis sasaxle (VIII s.), mkvdar zRvaSi _ masa-
wels Camoyalibda sionisturi moZraoba, romelmac miz- dis cixe-simagre, msoflio memkvidreobis iseTi Zegle-
nad daisaxa israelis samSoblos aRdgena. amis pirveli bi rogoricaa _ ako, asori, bahaizmis msoflio centri,
nabiji iyo britanelebis mier palestinis teritorii-
575 576
beer-Seva, Tel-avivi (TeTri qalaqi), masada, megido, ne- libanis turistuli resursebi da
gevi, sakmlis gza, ierusalimi (Zveli qalaqi). rekreaciuli potenciali
israelisaTvis udidesi mniSvneloba aqvs saerTaSo-
riso turizms, romelic viTardeba Semdegi mimarTule- libanis respublika mdebareobs samxreT-dasavleT
bebiT: sazRvao, kulturul-istoriuli da samkurnalo-- aziaSi, xmelTaSua zRvis aRmosavleT sanapiroze. mas
gamajansaRebeli turizmi. israelis yvelaze cnobil CrdiloeTiT da aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba siria, xolo
turistul centrs warmoadgens uZvelesi religiuri samxreTiT ki _ israeli. misi dedaqalaqia beiruTi,
centri _ ierusalimi, mkvdari zRvis samkurnalo-gama- udidesi qalaqebi aris tripoli, saida da suri. liba-
jansaRebeli kurortebi, romelic mdebareobs msoflio nis oficialuri ena aris arabuli, xolo gavrcelebu-
okeanis donidan 395 metriT ufro dabla. 1996 wels ie- li enebi ki aris inglisuri, franguli da somxuri.
rusalimma izeima misi daarsebis 3000 wlisTavi. 30 sau- libanis teritoriis farTobia 10,4 aTasi km2. 2008 wlis
kunis win mefe _ daviTma aq gadmoitana misi axali sa- mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 4,2 mln kacs,
mefos dedaqalaqi. ierusalimis qvebi inaxavs romis, bi- saerTo mSp_ 21,45 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosax-
zantiis, arabeTis mmarTvelobis, jvarosnebisa da mam- leze gaangariSebiT ki _ 6,1 aTas aSS dolars. misi va-
luqebis dampyrobluri qmedebebis, istoriuli Zegle- lutaa libanuri funti. libanSi mravali religiiis
bis, wminda adgilebis Sesaxeb cnobebs. Tanamedrove in- mimdevari adamianebi cxovrobs. aq aris rogorc qristi-
tensiurma cxovrebam da mravalerovanma turizmma es anebi (marTlmadideblebi da kaTolikeebi), ise musul-
qalaqi gadaaqcia ganumeorebel adgilad. manebi (Siitebi da sunitebi).
israelis samxreTiT wiTeli zRvis sanapiroze mde- libani.
bareobs sakurorto qalaqi _eilati. turistebisaTvis
sainteresoa aseve qalaqi_xaifac. aq warmodgenilia Ta-
namedrove da Zveli kulturuli memkvidreoba, romel-
Ta Soris yvelaze cnobil RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoad-
gens baxis Zegli. Tel-avivSia bengurionis saerTaSori-
so aeroporti. xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs
sakurorto raioni _ Tel-aviv-iaffo, magram turizmis
ganviTarebas israelSi aferxebs palestina-israels,
arabeT-israels, egvipte-israels, liban-israels, siria-
israels da iran-israels Soris daZabuli urTierToba.
libani administraciulad dayofilia 6 olqad. am

qveynis xmelTaSuazRvispira da arabul qveynebs Soris
ganlagebam xeli Seuwyo misi kulturuli identobisa
577 578
da religiur-eTnikuri mravalferovnebis zrdas. os- bevri sxva qveynisagan gansxvavebiT, unikaluri mTiani
malTa imperiis daSlis Semdeg meore msoflio omamde buneba iZleva SesaZleblobas turistebi datkben Se-
libani iyo safrangeTis gavlenis qveS. 1943 wels man modgomis foTolcvenis sanaxaobiT, zamTris Tovlis
gamoacxada damoukidebloba. fifqebiT, gazafxulis mwvane mindvrebiTa da zafxulis
libanis bunebriv resursebs ganekuTvneba kirqva, mziani peizaJebiT.
rkinis madani, marili da sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi. libanisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia turizmis Semdegi
libani warmoadgens msxvil regionul sabanko centrs. saxeebis ganviTareba: saqmiani, istoriul-kulturuli
sabanko saqmianoba am qveynis ekonomikis erT-erTi mTa- da ekologiuri turizmi. saqmiani mogzauroba libanSi
vari dargia. misi ganmasxvavebeli Taviseburebaa mkacri dakavSirebulia safinanso-sakredito saqmianobasTan,
konfidencialoba. qveyanaSi moqmedebs 80-ze meti banki. xelsayreli Sesyidvebis ganxorcielebis SesaZleblo-
libans saeqsportod gaaqvs tansacmeli, saiuveliro na- basTan. SedarebiT liberaluri sagadasaxado sistema
warmi da xili. ekonomikis wamyvan dargs ganekuTvneba qmnis xelsayrel pirobebs ucxouri investiciebis mo-
turizmi. zidvisa da mewarmeobis ganviTarebisaTvis. libanSi is-
libanSi turistebs izidavs antioqiis uZvelesi av- toriul-kulturuli turizmis ganviTareba dakavSire-
tokefaluri marTlmadidebluri eklesia, romelic si- bulia istoriuli Zeglebis gacnobasTan. qveynis isto-
didiT mesamea marTlmadideblur eklesiebs Soris da riul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens arqeologebis mi-
erT-erTia oTxi uZvelesi aRmosavluri eklesiidan. igi er aRmoCenili Zveli qalaqebi: baalbeqi, biblosi da
aSenebulia Cv. w. aRr-iT 37 wels petre da pavle moci- anjari. beiruTi asaxavs warsul saukuneTa siZveleebs.
qulebis mier. aq turistebi Camodian baataris xeobis aqtiuri dasvenebis moyvarulebs SeuZliaT isargeblon
CanCqerze dasasveneblad. libanSi turistebs izidavs gasaocar mTian tropikul raionebSi mimavali mraval-
agreTve iuneskoSi Setanili msoflio memkvidreobis mimarTulebiani marSrutebiT. 1 magram libanSi turiz-
iseTi Zeglebi, rogoricaa: anjari, baalbeqi, biblosi, mis ganviTarebas xels uSlis Sidareligiuri SuRli,
kadiSis xeoba, samefo kedrebis tye da tvirosi. palestinel ltolvilTa nakadi da israelTan mudmi-
libanSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kul- vad daZabuli urTierToba.
turuli memkvidreobani, rogoricaa: baalbekSi _ taZre-
bis nangrevebi (I s.); biblosSi _ klasikuri xanis nan- iranis turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobani
grevebi da Sua saukuneebis qalaqis navsadguri; kadi-
Sis yelSi _ libanuri kedrebis siaxloves lamazi mTi- iranis islamuri respublika (yofili sparseTi) mde-
ani peizaJebi; tripolSi _ jvarosanTa cixe (XV s.), Sua bareobs samxreT-dasavleT aziaSi. mas Crdilo-dasavle-
saukuneebis arabuli qalaqi (XII s.); sxvadasxva taZrebi: TiT esazRvreba azerbaijani, somxeTi da TurqeTi, da-
sidonsa (XII s.), raSaeSi (XIII s.) da taZari _ bofori savleTiT _erayi, xolo aRmosavleTiT ki_TurqmeneTi,
(XII s.). avRaneTi da pakistani. iranis dedaqalaqia Teirani,
rbili xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimati libans ani-
Webs gansakuTrebul mimzidvelobas, magram am regionis 1 www.sib-garden.ru/. Международный туризм М.
579 580
udidesi qalaqebia ispahani da meShedi. misi teritoriis nebi xan osmaleTis, xan sparseTis SemadgenlobaSi iyo.
farTobia 1,648 mln km2, xolo oficialuri enaa sparsu- XVI saukunidan iranis religia gaxda mahmadianoba.
li. 2007 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveyanaSi cxovrobs 71,2
mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 852 mlrd aSS. dolars, irani.
xolo 1 mosaxleze ki _12,3 aTas aSS dolars. iranis
valutaa riali, religia aris islami Siitebis gan-
xriT.
irani aris erT-erTi uZvelesi saxelmwifo msofli-
oSi. pirveli iranuli saxelmwifo _elami warmoiSva Cv.
w. aRr-mde III aTaswleulSi. igi gadaWimuli iyo saber-
ZneTidan mdinare indamde. sparsuli tomebis dominire-
ba axlo aRmosavleTSi daiwyo Cv. w.aRr-mde 614-612
wlebSi. maT jer daipyres babiloni, Semdeg (Cv.w.aRr-
mde 530-622 wlebSi) daimorCiles egvipte, ris Sedegad
sparseTis imperia gadaiWima centraluri aziidan make-
doniamde. masSi Sedioda sparsul imperiamde gacile-
biT adre daarsebuli saxelmwifoebi_elama, babiloni,
siria, finikia, egvipte da sxv). dapyrobili teritorie-
bi erTian sakanonmdeblo-sagadamxdelo sivrceSi moaq-
cia darios I-ma. man Seqmna moqnili saxelmwifo siste-
ma, riTac gaaZliera dapyrobil teritoriaTa kontro-
li. XVII saukunis bolos irani kvlav moicva Sida aS-
am imperiis dedaqalaqi iyo persepolisi, romelic lilobam. mTavroba ver axerxebda ajanyebul feodal-
im droisaTvis warmoadgenda msoflios erT-erT wam- Ta damorCilebas. daiwyo iranis ekonomikuri vardna.
yvan savaWro centrs. miuxedavad sparseTis imperiis ganadgurda soflis meurneoba, moiSala vaWroba. es mo-
xelT arsebuli udidesi simdidrisa da Zlieri jarisa, menti gamoiyenes avRaneTma da ruseTma da daiwyes kas-
mravalsaukunovanma Sida ajanyebebma da berZenTa Semo- piis zRvis mimdebare teritoriebis dapyroba. amiT
sevebma XV saukunis bolos es imperia daasusta da isargebles osmalebmac da kavkasia daipyres. sparseTis
ramdenime samefod daSala. ufro metic, Tavad am same- poziciebi gaaZliera aRa-mahmad -xanma, romelmac daib-
foebs Soris mimdinareobda brZola pirvelobisaTvis. runa dakarguli teritoriebi da araerTxel aaoxra sa-
XV_XVI saukuneebSi sparseTSi imZlavra yizilbaSebma, qarTvelo. XIX saukunis dasawyisSi iranis poziciebi
magram am droisaTvis gaZlierda osmalebic. maT Soris Sesustda kavkasaSi da aq gabatonda ruseTi. XIX s-is I
araerTgzis gaCaRda brZola, ris gamoc kavkasiis qvey- naxevarSi sparseTi mravaljer Seecada Zveli pozicie-
581 582
bis aRdgenas, magram yvela mcdeloba uSedego aRmoC- ni islamuri samyaros erT saxelmwifod gaerTianebas,
nda. ramac SeaSfoTa islamuri qveynebi. am ideam ver hpova
sparseTma ver aRidgina poziciebi avRaneTSi, sadac mxardaWera arabul saxelmwifoebSi. 1990-iani wlebis
damarcxda did britaneTTan omSi, igi damarcxda ru- Semdeg iranma gaaumjobesa urTierToba yofil sabWoTa
seTTan kavkasiisaTvis gamarTul omSic. sul ufro gaZ- respublikebTan.
lierda sparseTSi rusuli da britanuli poziciebi, iranis teritoriaze SeiZleba gamoyofili iqnes sa-
rogorc saxelmwifo Tanamdebobebze, ise strategiul mi bunebriv-klimaturi zona: 1. sparseTis yure tropi-
dargebSi. XX saukunis pirvel naxevarSi sparseTis pat- kulad cxeli klimatiT; 2. centraluri mxare mSrali,
riotuli Zalebi araerTgzis Seecada ganedevna qveyni- subtropikuli, cxeli klimatiT; 3. mTiani raionebi uki-
dan rusuli da inglisuri Zalaufleba, magram uSede- duresad civi klimatiT. iranis teritoria dayofilia
god. ostnebad, romlebic iyofian Sahristanebad. qveynis cen-
1923 wels sparseTis saxelwodeba Seicvala iraniT. tri warmodgenilia iranis zegniT da udabnoebiT: daS-
II msoflio omis Semdeg dasavleTis zewolis Sedegad te-kaviri (didi udabno) da daSte-luti. qveynis udide-
sabWoTa kavSirma gaiyvana sajariso formirebebi irani- si nawili xasiaTdeba elbrusisa da zagrosis mTiani
dan. amis Semdeg iranSi poziciebis gamyarebis mizniT reliefiT. dablobebs ukavia qveynis 7%. qveynis Sida
gaZlierda dapirispireba aSS-sa da ingliss Soris nav- raionebSi Warbobs mSrali subtropikuli da tropiku-
Tobis sabadoebze kontrolis mopovebis mizniT. 1951 li kontinenturi klimati. iranis kaspiispira sanapiro-
wels iranis mTavrobam moaxdina navTobis sakuTari sa- ebi gamoirCeva teniani, subtropikuli naleqebis siux-
badoebis nacionalizacia. 1953 wels aSS-m moaxdina sam- viT. am qveyanaSi hava Zalian mkacria, naleqebi did iS-
Tavrobo gadatrialeba iranSi da 25 wliani vadiT mii- viaTobas warmoadgens. temperatura aq zafxulSi aR-
Ro iranuli sabadoebis marTvis ufleba. Sedegad irani wevs 500C-s, xolo zamTarSi 220C-s. dRe-Ramis ganmavlo-
ekonomikurad dasustda. gaizarda adgilobrivi mosax- baSi temperatura SeiZleba Seicvalos 700C-iT. iranis
leobis dapirispireba xelisuflebisadmi. samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs mariliani udabno_
mosaxleobas aRizianebda Sahis fufuneba, korufci- daSte-luti, romlis aRmosavleTi dafarulia amomSra-
is maRali done. izrdeboda antidasavluri ganwyobac. li mariliani tbebiT, samxreTi nawili ki _ qviSis
aseT pirobebSi imZlavra wminda islamurma fundamenta- msoflioSi umaRlesi gorakebiT. iranis mTianeTi Crdi-
lizmma, romelic qveynis nacionalizaciaze iyo orien- loeTiT esazRvreba Turanisa da samxreT kaspiis dab-
tirebuli. iranelebis mtrad SahTan erTad aSS-c da lobebi, aRmosavleTiT _ mdinare indis vake. misi far-
sabWoTa kavSiric gamocxadda. Sahis xelisufleba da- Tobia 2,7 mln km2, romlis 2/3 nawili iranis teritori-
savleTisaTvis saimedo dasayrdenad iTvleboda da mas azea, danarCeni ki _avRaneTSi, pakistanSi, TurqmeneTsa
uaxlesi iaraRiT amaragebda. 1979 wels momxdari isla- da eraySi nawildeba. aq bevria mlaSe tba, farTofoT-
muri revoluciis Sedegad iranis saTaveSi movida fun- lovani da subtropikuli tyeebi.
damentalisturi islamuri xelisufleba da Camoayali- ekonomikis ganviTarebis mixedviT irans ukavia meo-
ba iranis islamuri respublika. irani iTxovda mTlia- re adgili regionSi. igi aris axlo aRmosavleTis erT-
583 584
erTi yvelaze teqnologiurad ganviTarebuli saxelmwi- medrove muzeumi; ispahanSi _ sparseTis oqros xanis qa-
fo. es qveyana gansakuTrebiT mdidaria navTobiTa da laqi meCeTebiTa da baRebiT, Cehel-soTuni; TavrizSi_
gaziT. aq moipoveben agreTve naxSirs, spilenZs, rkinas cisferi meCeTi (XIII s.), cixe-simagre (XIV s.); persepo-
tyvias, manganums, TuTias da a. S. ekonomikis wamyvani lisSi _ dariusis sasaxle, TaxTe jamSidi; iazdSi _
dargia mrewveloba. navTobis mopovebiT irani msofli- zoroastrTa taZari, iazdis qarsaWerebi, sefianTa peri-
os xuTeulSia. aq mopovebuli navTobis 75% eqsportze odis naqalaqari; wminda qalaqebi_yumi da meSxedi, ni-
gadis. sparseTis yuris 24 giganti sabadodan 8 mdebare- SaburSi _ omar xaiamis saflavi; sparsul eposSi _
obs iranSi. qveyanas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi, xali- Sah-name (X s.).
Cebi, xili, bamba da safeiqro nawarmi. Tanamedrove ra Taviseburebebi unda gaiTvaliswinos turistma
etapze irani Semosavals ZiriTadad iRebs navTobisa da am qveyanaSi Sesvlis dros? iranSi faqtiurad moqme-
gazis nedleulis mopovebisa da eqsportidan. debs ~mSrali” kanonebi _ kategoriulad akrZalulia
Tanamedrove irani islamisturi fundamentalizmis qveyanaSi yvela saxis alkoholuri sasmelebis, eroti-
tradiciebis mqone qveyanaa, sadac cxovrebiseul kano- kuli da propagandistuli Sinaarsis videoproduqciisa
nebs qmnian sulieri liderebi. iranSi turistebi Cadi- da religiuri aRmsareblobis (islamis garda) wignebis
an 11 Tebervals revoluciis erovnul dResaswaulze Setana. alkoholuri sasmelebis SeZena ar SeiZleba ma-
dasaswrebad. iranSi turistebs izidavs iseTi arqiteq- RaziebSi da sastumroebSic ki. israelis nebismieri
turuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: Tavrizis cisferi meCeTi saxelmwifo moxelis pasportiT misi mflobelis iran-
da qarvasla. iranSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msof- Si Sesvla akrZalulia. agreTve sazRvris gavliT ar
lio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi kul- uSveben qalebs iseTi tansacmliT, romelic ar Seesaba-
turuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa ardabili, bami (qalaqi), meba islamur adaT-wesebsa da tradiciebs.
band-e-keisari, behisTunis warwera, daraSambis RvTis- islamuri fundamentalizmis moqmedi tradiciebis
mSoblis eklesia, eramis baRi, Tavrizis bazari, imamis ZalisxmeviT am qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmma ver
moedani, persepolisi, fasargadi, Cogxa-zanbili, wminda hpova farTo gavrceleba. turizmis ganviTarebas ewina-
stefanesa da Tadeozis monastrebi. turistebSi gansa- aRmdegeba sxva mTeli rigi faqtorebic. mag., qveyanaSi
kuTrebul dainteresebas iwvevs iranis erT-erTi pro- ar arsebobs Tanamedrove sastumro baza. amasTan er-
vincia _ fereidani, sadac Sah-abasma 1614-1617 wlebSi Ca- Tad, irans gaaCnia didi potenciali saerTaSoriso tu-
asaxla saqarTvelodan ayrili aTasobiT kaxeli. ase rizmis mravali mimarTulebiT ganviTarebisaTvis. kul-
Seiqmna Sua iranSi qarTuli soflebi: SuRureTi, ruis- turul-istoriuli mimarTuleba dakavSirebulia Zveli
piri, vaSlovani, zemo da qvemo martyofi. fereidani er- qalaqebis _ ispahanis, Sirazisa da Tavrizis dasaxle-
TaderTi provinciaa, romelmac dRemde SeinarCuna qar- basTan. aq turistma SeiZleba daaTvalieros sxvadasxva
Tuli ena da adaT-wesebi. istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobani: Sua saukuneebis meCeTe-
iranSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kultu- bi da uZvelesi kulturuli Zeglebi.
ruli memkvidreoba, rogoricaa: TeiranSi _ arqeologi- iranisaTvis perspeqtiulia samkurnalo-gamajansaRe-
uri muzeumi, xaliCebis muzeumi, imamis meCeTi da Tana- beli turebi. samkurnalo kurortebi gamoiyeneba mkvda-
585 586
ri zRvis Semadgenlobis msgavsi mariliani wyliT adgens istoriuli Zeglebi, vardisferqviani Teatrebi.
mkurnalobisTvis. iranSi xelmisawvdomia samedicino iordaniaSi nakrZalebi dakavSirebulia religiur tra-
momsaxurebis iseTi saxeebiT sargebloba, rogoricaa diciebTan.
Tvalis qirurgia, orTopedia, gul-sisxlZarRvTa daava- libanisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia turizmis Semdegi
debebis mkurnaloba. iranSi garTobis da dasvenebis saxeebis ganviTareba: saqmiani, istoriul-kulturuli
mizniT ganxorcielebul turizms gaaCnia SerCeviTi xada ekologiuri. arabeTis gaerTianebul emiratebSi Seq-
siaTi. am qveyanaSi dasvenebis mizniT saukeTeso adgils mnilia palmis xelovnuri kunZulebi, sadac ganlagebu-
warmoadgens qiS-ormuzis kurorti. iranSi saerTaSori- lia umTavresi turistuli infrastruqtura. omanSi tu-
so turizmis perspeqtiuli mimarTulebaa Sop-turebi. ristebs izidavs sakmevlis miwa, romelic moicavs sak-
aq bevria aRmosavluri tipis bazrebi, sadac turistebs mevlis xeebs da qaravnis oazisis narCenebs. saudis
SeuZliaT SeiZinon vercxlis lamazi nakeTobani. arabeTSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ZiriTad saxeobas
warmoadgens aRmsareblobis formaSi ganxorcielebuli
religiuri turizmi. saudis arabeTSi aRmsarebloba
efuZneba tradiciul islams. yovelma musulmanma Tun-
reziume: dac sicocxleSi erTxel mainc unda Seasrulos aRmsa-
rebloba (haji) wminda qalaq meqasa da medinaSi. meqa
saerTaSoriso turizmis TvalsazrisiT, axlo aRmo- warmoadgens aRmsareblobis adgils, iranSi moqmedebs
savleTSi yvelaze popularul saxelmwifoebs warmoad- ~mSrali” kanonebi _ alkoholuri sasmelebis SeZena ar
gens TurqeTi, kviprosi, israeli, arabeTis gaerTianebu- SeiZleba maRaziebSi da sastumroebSi. kategoriulad
li emiratebi da a.S. TurqeTis teritoriebis udidesi akrZalulia qveyanaSi yvela saxis alkoholuri sasme-
nawilisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia kontinenturi klimati, lebis, erotikuli da propagandistuli Sinaarsis vide-
romelic xasiaTdeba. zamTris temperaturis mkveTri oproduqciisa da religiuri aRmsareblobis (islamis
vardniT da zafxulis temperaturis mkveTri zrdiT. garda) wignebis Setana. sazRvris gavliT ar uSveben qa-
xmelTaSua zRvis Turqul sanapiroze mdebareobs popu- lebs iseTi tansacmliT, rac ar Seesabameba islamur
laruli kurortebi. TurqeTSi mdebareobs didi raode- adaT-wesebsa da tradiciebs. iranisaTvis perspeqtiulia
nobiT ekologiurad sufTa kurorti, romelTac gaaCni- samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli turebi.
aT SedarebiT iafi da maRali klasis servisi. turiz-
mis ganviTareba TurqeTSi turistebs izidavs evropuli ZiriTadi terminologia:
qveynebidan, gansakuTrebiT germaniidan da ruseTidan.
israelis yvelaze cnobil turistul centrs warmoad- - ~kulturuli dedaqalaqi”;
gens uZvelesi religiuri centri_ierusalimi, mkvdari - ~palma jebel ali”;
zRvis samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli kurortebi, rome- - ~palmis kunZuli”;
lic mdebareobs msoflio okeanis donidan 395 metriT - `zRvis sofeli”;
dabla. iordaniis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmo- - ~Turqebis mama”;
587 588
- ~mocekvaveTa qalaqi”;
- ~CrdiloeT kviprosis Turquli respublika”; 5. samxreT-dasavleT aziis teritoriaze
- ~faraonis saganZuri”; mdebareobs:
- iordaniis ~saganZuri”; a) saudis arabeTi;
- ~al-aqsa”; b) arabeTis gaerTianebuli emiratebi;
- ~mSrali” kanonebi. g) sworia a), b) da d) pasuxebi;
d) siria.
testebi:
1. kviprosis dedaqalaqia:
a) niqozia;
b) Tel-avivi;
g) amani;
d) petra.
2. siriis dedaqalaqia:
a) niqozia;
b) amani;
g) meqa;
d) damasko.
3. iranis dedaqalaqia
a) Teirani;
b) amani;
g) medina;
d) damasko.
4. libanisaTvis damaxasiaTebelia turizmis Semdegi

saxeebis ganviTareba:
a) saqmiani turizmi;
b) istoriul-kulturuli turizmi;
g) ekologiuri turizmi;
d) sworia a), b) da g) pasuxi.
589 590
Tavi 12. indoneziisa da tailandis turistuli
samxreT aziis turistuli potenciali potenciali
rogorc zemoT avRniSneT, turizmis msoflio orga- indoneziis respublika mdebareobs samxreT-aRmosav-
nizaciis mier dayofil turistul regionebs Soris leT aziasa da okeaneTSi, malais arqipelagis kunZu-
erT-erTi aris samxreT aziis turistuli regioni, ro- lebze _ iavaze, sumatraze, axal gvineaze, timorze da
melic moicavs indostanis naxevarkunZuls da mimdeba- a. S. indonezias uwodeben ~aTasi kunZulis qveyanas”.
re kunZulebs, indogangis vels da mis mTian zols. igi udidesi kunZulovani saxelmwifoa, sadac yvelaze
msoflio turizmis moculobaSi xvedriTi wilis mixed- meti muslimani cxovrobs, vidre msoflios romelime
viT, samxreT aziis regions ukavia mexuTe adgili evro- qveyanaSi. indoneziis dedaqalaqia jakarta, oficialu-
pis, amerikis, azia-wynari okeanis da axlo aRmosavle- ri enaa indoneziuri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi ki
Tis regionebis Semdeg. masze modis saerTaSoriso tu- aris _ inglisuri da niderlanduri. misi teritoriis
rizmis 3%. farTobia 1,92 mln km2. 2011 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qve-
samxreT aziis teritoriis farTobia daaxloebiT yanaSi cxovrobs 237,4 mln kaci. indoneziis saerTo mSp
5,1 mln km2. aq gavrcelebulia tropikuli tyeebi, sava- Seadgens 1,124 trl dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze ga-
nebi da udabnoebi. samxreT aziis teritoriaze mdebare- angariSebiT ki _ 4,666 aT dolars. misi valutaa indo-
obs iseTi saxelmwifoebi, rogoricaa: bangladeSi, in- neziuri rupia. oficialuri religiaa islami.
doeTi, maldivis kunZulebi, Sri-lanka. kamboja, mianma- indonezia.
ri, tailandi, vietnami, malaizia, brunei, indonezia, fi-
lipinebi, bhutani, nepali, pakistani, laosi, singapuri
da dasavleT timori.
winamdebare TavSi ganvixilavT samxreT aziis mxo-
lod im saxelmwifoebs, romlebic met-naklebad cno-
bilni arian saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
TvalsazrisiT. maT molidere poziciebi ukaviaT regi-
onSi, turistul-rekreaciuli potencialis flobis mi-
xedviT. kerZod, es qveynebia: indonezia, tailandi, in-
doeTi, nepali, bhutani, Sri-lanka, maldivis kunZulebi,
singapuri, malaizia, brunei, mianmari, bangladeSi, fi-
lipinebi, kambojas samefo da vietnami.
indoneziaSi klimati ekvatorulia. es qveyana
flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa: navTobi,
kala, bunebrivi airi, nikeli, saSeni xe-tye, boqsitebi,
spilenZi, qvanaxSiri, oqro da vercxli. mas saeqspor-
591 592
tod gaaqvs navTobi, gazi, xe-tyis masalebi, kauCuki da indonezia sainteresoa eko-turizmis ganviTarebis
yava. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT indonezia dayo- TvalsazrisiTac. aq ganlagebulia mTeli rigi erovnu-
filia 27 provinciad, or specialur regionad da erT li parkebi da nakrZalebi. yvelasaTvis cnobilia su-
(dedaqalaqis) olqad, romlebic rva mTavar kunZulze matras kunZulze mdebare dasvenebis parkebi. turistebs
arian ganTavsebulni. indoneziaSi cxovrobs 300 eTniku- aq izidavs mTis tyeebSi nadirobisa da eqstremaluri
ri jgufi. aq turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kul- Tavgadasavlebis gadaxdis, agreTve orangutangebis rea-
turuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: singasaris bilitaciis centris daTvalierebis SesaZlebloba.
taZari malangaSi (XIV s.), arqeologiuri muzeumi ja- tailandis samefo samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis cen-
kartaSi, ujun kulonis erovnuli parki, panataranis trSi mdebare konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa,
taZarTa kompleqsi iavaze (XIV s.) da komodos erovnu- romelsac CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba laosi da birma, aR-
li parki, iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa sia- mosavleTiT_laosi da kamboja, samxreTiT _tailandis
Si Setanili Zeglebi _ borobuduris budisturi taZa- yure da malaizia, xolo dasavleTiT ki_andamanis zRva
ri (IX s.), menduti, pavoni, brambananis induisturi taZa- da birma. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 513,1 aTasi km2.
ri (X s.), sangirani, sumatris tropikuli tyeebi, bukit- misi dedaqalaqia bangkoki oficialuri enaa tailandu-
barisan-selatanis, gunung -lioseris, kerinsi-seblatis, ri. 2007 wlis mdgomareobiT, tailandSi cxovrobs 63
komodos, lorencis da ujing-kulonis erovnuli parke- mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens _ 520 mlrd aSS do-
bi. lars, xolo erT mosaxleze mSp ki _ 8 aTas aSS do-
borobuduri aris budizmis IX saukunis monumenti, lars.
romelic Sedgeba erTmaneTze nagebi eqvsi marTkuTxa, tailandi.
sami wriuli platformisa da 504 qandakebisagan. igi
dResac popularulia budist piligrimTaTvis, sadac
weliwadSi erTxel indonezieli budistebi ~vesaks”
dResaswauloben. borobuduris monumenti amJamad indo-
neziis yvelaze popularuli turistuli RirsSesaniS-
naobaa.
indonezia gadaWimulia didi zondisa da mcire zon-
dis arqipelagebze. misi umsxvilesi kunZulebia sumat-
ra, iava, kalimantani da sulavesi. balis kunZuli in-
doneziis erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi centria. aq mdeba-
reobs Zveli induisturi Zeglebi, aseve uamravi sastum-
ro didebuli plaJebiT. kustaruli mrewveloba moi-
cavs mxatvrul Sedevrebs, vercxlisa da keramikul na-
keTobebs, romelic sargeblobs turistebis moTxovniT.
593 594
am qveynis valutaa tailanduri bati, xolo misi re- doebs yvela mnaxvels. qalaqi daarsda sul raRac 1782
ligia ki aris budizmi. tailandSi klimati tropikuli- wels da dRes igi warmoadgens erT-erT umxviles qa-
a, temperaturisa da tenianobis maRali maCveneblebiT. laqs msoflioSi. aq warmatebiT erwymis erTmaneTs uZ-
qveyana ganlagebulia tyis tropikul zonaSi. misi te- velesi tradiciebis pativiscema da teqnikuri progre-
ritoriis 30% ukavia tyeebs. tailandi administraciu- si. Tanamedrove caTambjenebi originalurad mezoblo-
lad dayofilia 76 regionad. is agrarul-industriuli ben budistur taZrebsa da istoriul ZeglebTan. ban-
qveyanaa, romlis ZiriTad sasoflo-sameurneo kultu- gkokSi mdebare 400 taZars Soris ulamazesad iTvleba
ras warmoadgens brinji. tailandma SeinarCuna Tavisi firuzis budas, aisis, oqros borcvis da marmarilos
politikuri damoukidebloba qveynis mravalsaukunova- taZrebi. aq mravlad aris warmodgenili skulpturuli
ni istoriis manZilze. warsulSi mas megobruli urTi- Sedevrebi, kedlis moxatulobiTa da mravalricxovani
erToba hqonda mezobel saxelmwifoebTan. dekoraciebiT.
tailandSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul- tailandis mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobad iTvleba didi
kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: ban- samefo sasaxlis kompleqsi; viman mekis sasaxle, rome-
gkokSi _ erovnuli muzeumi, van-pos taZarTa kompleqsi, lic damzadebulia ~oqros” yvelaze didi teqtonis xe-
(XIX s.), budis laJvardovani taZari (XVIII s.), 104 m si- ebisagan; jim tompsonis saxl-muzeumi, sadac Tavmoyri-
maRlis mqone ~ganTiadis taZris koSki”, samefo sasax- lia aziuri xelovnebis SemqmnelTa koleqciebi, bangko-
le (XVIII s.); nakxonpatxomsa da CiangmaiSi_budisturi ki farTod iSleba mravali mdinariTa da nakadulebiT
taZrebi da kompleqsebi. tailandSi turistebs agreTve dafarul dablobze. yvelafer amiT qalaqi mTel msof-
izidavs arqiteqturuli Zegli_ban-pa-inis samefo sasax- lioSi cnobilia rogorc aRmosavleTis venecia. tu-
le, iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Se- ristTa momsaxurebisaTvis qalaqSi mowyobilia mrava-
tanili Zeglebi _ aiutia (istoriuli qalaqi), ban-Cian- li gasarTobi saSualeba: Ramis klubebi, feSenebeluri
gi, dongfaiaieni, kamphaengphetis istoriuli parki, si-- restornebi, barebi, sakoncerto darbazebi, parkebi, mu-
satCanalai, suxothais istoriuli parki, thungiais ve- zeumebi, Teatrebi, galereebi, kinoTeatrebi, masaJ-salo-
luri bunebis nakrZali. dongfaiaienis mTebSi mravali nebi, sabiliardo darbazebi, CogburTis kortebi, gol-
erovnuli parkia ganTavsebuli. si-satCanalais istori- fis moednebi, sportuli darbazebi da sxva.
uli parki moicavs araerT taZars. yuradRebas imsaxurebs agreTve bangkokis garSemo
tailandi flobs udides SesaZleblobebs turizmis mdebare turistuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi: dedaqalaqis
ganviTarebisaTvis. am SesaZleblobas mas aZlevs misi CrdiloeTiT 80 km-is daSorebiT uZvelesi qalaqis _
xelsayreli adgilmdebareoba indoCineTis centrSi da aiutaiis nangrevebi, bangkokidan dasavleTiT, 60 km-is
malakis naxevarkunZulze, farTo gasasvleli zRvaSi, daSorebiT budas yvelaze didi qandakeba msoflioSi
mdinare_menamis satransporto SesaZleblba, oqrosferi (misi simaRlea 130 m.), originaluri mcuravi bazari, qa-
qviSa, mravalferovani reliefi, msoflioSi udidesi laqi kanCaburi (Tavisi ~xidiT mdinare kvaize”, lamazi
tyeebi, popularuli sazRvao kurortebi da mravali bunebiT, CanCqerebiTa da gamoqvabulebiT), vardebis ba-
unikaluri kultu-rul-istoriuli Zegli. bangkoki aja- Ri, kulturuli centri, zooparki, samaranis spiloebis
595 596
nakrZali, uZvelesi qalaqi _ loh-buri (sasaxleebis stumrebi spiloebis dResaswaulis sanaxavad. qveynis
nangrevebiT), bangkokidan samxreT-dasavleTiT 120 km-ze aRmosavleTiT gadaWimulia sanapiroebi Tavisi mraval-
arsebuli egzotikuri adgilebi _ buda kxao-luangis ricxovani plaJebiT. aq ganlagebulia mravali sazRvao
gamoqvabuli, nakxon kxiris sasaxle, suvanarTa taZari, kurorti. maT Sorisaa aziis yvelaze cnobili kurorti
kaeng-kaCanis nacionaluri parki, swrafad ganviTareba- _pataia, romelic mdebareobs bangkokidan samxreT-da-
di sazRvao kurorti _ Ca-ami Tavisi ulamazesi plaJe- savleTiT 147 km-ze. igi samarTlianad iTvleba ~tai-
biT; Zveli sazRvao kurorti xua-xini, niangebis ferma, landis rivierad”. es aris msoflioSi cnobili sazR-
tailandis kulturisa da arqiteqturis amsaxveli bu- vao kurorti, romelsac yovel wels stumrobs asiaTa-
disturi taZrebi. sobiT turisti. Ramis klubebi da restornebi yvela pi-
qveynis sxvadasxva adgilebSi mdebareobs bunebrivi robas uqmnis Ramis cxovrebiT dainteresebul turis-
da kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaobani. am mxriv saintere- tebs garTobisaTvis.
soa tailandis CrdiloeT nawili. misi ganumeorebloba bangkokidan samxreT-aRmosavleTiT 100 km-is daSore-
mdgomareobs mTis Tvalwarmtac peizaJebSi. qveyana mdi- biT mdebareobs kurorti _ bangsaeni, Tavisi grili
daria tyeebiT. aq aRiniSneba mravali nacionaluri palmis xeivnebiT. aqvea Ria cis qveS mdebare zooparki,
dResaswauli. birmis stilSi agebuli ramdenime taZri- sadac cxovelebi Tavmoyrilia aziidan, afrikidan da
Ta da spiloebis nakrZaliT cnobili lampangi. bangko- evropidan. bang-sare meTevzeTa patara sofelia, sadac
kidan CrdiloeTiT mdebareobs qalaqi _ Ciangmai, rome- turistebs SeuZliaT inadiron zvigenebze da sxva cxo-
lic cnobilia XIII saukunis istoriuli taZrebiT, mTis velebze. es sofeli cnobilia Tavisi plaJebiT, gam-
peizaJebiT, saxalxo dResaswaulebiTa da xalxuri rew- Wvirvale wyliT, saukeTeso sabanao sacurao da saTev-
vis nakeTobebiT. laosis sazRvarze mdebare uZvelesi zao adgilebiT. kambojas sazRvarTan axlos mdebare
qalaqi Ciang-xani cnobilia mTis masivze ganlagebuli nacionaluri sazRvao parki _ ko-Cangi moicavs 56 kun-
doi tungis taZriT, saidanac iSleba ulamazesi peiza- Zuls.
Jebi. qveynis Crdilo-aRmosavleT regioni turistebis turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia tailandis samxreT
yuradRebas iqcevs foTlovani tyeebiT, nacionaluri regioni misTvis damaxasiaTebeli sufTa, Tbili zRviT,
parkebiTa da borcviani mindvrebiT. tropikuli mcenareebiT, saocari plaJebiT, marjnis
bangkokidan 200 km-is daSorebiT, zRvis donidan 800 kunZulebiT, sazRvao floriT da fauniT, monadireTa
m-ze mdebareobs nacionaluri parki kxao-iai. aq turis- soflebiT, tyiani mTebiT, CanCqerebiT, istoriuli Zeg-
tebs xvdeba mravali jiSis cxoveli. am parkSi mravla- lebiTa da budisturi taZrebiT. sakurorto kunZuli_-
daa saeqskursio bilikebi. bangkokis muzeumSi inaxeba samui ganTavsebulia bangkokidan 560 m-ze, romelsac ga-
unikaluri saiuveliro da keramikuli nakeTobani. md. aCnia xeluxlebeli plaJebi Tavisi qaTqaTa marjnis
mekongTan daculia Cv. w. aRr-mde moxatuli kldeebi, qviSiT, kristalurad sufTa zRviT da mwvane qoqosis
iasotxonSi yovelwliurad imarTeba wvimis dResaswau- plantaciebiT.
li, Tavisi ulamazesi feierverkebiT. surineSi yovel- qalaqi songkxla mdebareobs bangkokidan 960 km-ze
wliurad noemberSi aq mTeli msofliodan ikribeba daSorebiT, romelsac gaaCnia wynari sazRvao plaJebi,
597 598
frinvelTa parki _~kxu-kxut”. kunZulovani kurorti_- gkoki, pataia da samui. bangkokSi mdebareobs 400 budis-
~puteki” mdebareobs bangkokidan 862 km-is daSorebiT, turi Zegli.
romelic msoflio mniSvnelobisaa Tavisi plaJebiT, um-
didresi tropikuli bunebiT, kristaluri, cisferi indoeTis turistuli resursebi da maTi
wyliTa da mdidari wyalqveSa samyaroTi. tailandis Zi- amoqmedebis SesaZleblobebi
riTadi turistuli centrebia: bang-koki, pataia, puteki,
Ciangmai da sxva. aq turistebs sTavazoben I kategoriis
indoeTis respublika mdebareobs samxreT aziaSi,
sastumroebs, romelTac SeuZliaT erTdroulad miiRon
indostanis subkontinentze, romlis mosazRvre qveyne-
2000-mde turisti. Zalian farToa sastumroTa servisis
bia: pakistani, avRaneTi, CineTi, nepali, bhutani, mianma
diapazoni: saojaxo sastumroebi, bungaloTa kompleq-
da bangladeSi. misi teritoriis farTobia 3,28 mln km2,
sebi, sastumro saxlebi, turbazebi, Cinuri tipis sas-
romlis saxmeleTo sazRvari aris 15168 km, xolo sazR-
tumroebi da patara saxlebi zRvis sanapiroze. tai-
vao sazRvrisa ki 5,686 km. 2011 wlis mdgomareobiT, in-
lands ZiriTadad stumroben turistebi mezobeli ma-
doeTis mosaxleoba Seadgens 1,21 mlrd kacs, saerTo
laiziidan (saSualod 5 dRiani vizitiT), iaponelebi
mSp _ 4,469 trln aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
da taivanelebi. tailandi gansakuTrebuli popularo-
gaangariSebiT mSp ki _ sul raRac 3,703 aTas dolars.
biT sargeblobs evropelTa Soris.
indoeTis dedaqalaqia deli, xolo udidesi qalaqebi
aq turistebi Camodian didi britaneTidan, germanii-
ki aris kalkuta, bombei da madrasi. misi valuta aris
dan, niderlandebidan, safrangeTidan. dResdReobiT ta-
induri rupia. qveynis oficialuri ena aris induri,
ilandi farTodaa warmodgenili ruseTis turistul
gavrcelebuli religiebi aris induizmi (83%), islami
bazarze. tailands yovelwliurad stumrobs saSualod
(11%), qristianoba (4,5%) da budizmi.
15 mln turisti, saidanac miRebuli yovelwliuri Se-
indoeTi evropelebma daipyres XVI saukuneSi. igi 2
mosavali Seadgens saSualod 17 mlrd aSS dolars. ta-
saukunis ganmavlobaSi iyo didi britaneTis kolonia.
ilandma dRemde SeinarCuna Tavisi turistuli RirsSe-
1947 wels moxda religiuri niSnis mixedviT qveynis da-
saniSnaobani. qveynis teritoriaze gamavali centralu-
yofa indoeTad da pakistanad, ramac saTave daudo maT
ri avtobani uzrunvelyofs mis mowinave poziciebs re-
Soris konfliqtsa da teritoriul davebs. 1950 wels
gionSi turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. Tanamed-
indoeTma gamoacxada damoukidebloba. damoukideblo-
rove etapze tailandi samarTlianad warmoadgens sam-
bis mopovebis Semdeg qveyanam daZlia ekonomikuri kri-
xreT-aRmosavleT aziis turistul ~meqas”. turistebs
zisi da erT-erT wamyvan saxelmwifod gadaiqca. eqstre-
aq izidavT xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi
maluri da separatistuli moZraobebi did safrTxes
da ganviTarebuli turistuli infrastruqtura, isto-
uqmnis qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas. 1966-84 wlebSi
riuli RirsSesaniSnaobani, maT Soris budisturi Zeg-
indoeTs marTavda indira gandi, xolo 1984-91 wlebSi
lebi da Tavisufali qcevis SesaZlebloba. tailandis
ki _ rajiv gandi. pakistanTan omis Sedegad warmoiqmna
yvelaze cnobil turistul centrs warmoadgens ban-
axali saxelmwifo_bangladeSi. 1990-iani wlebis Semdeg
599 600
gatarebuli reformebis Sedegad indoeTis ekonomika mrewvelobis bazisur dargTa ganviTareba, soflis me-
mimzidveli gaxda ucxoeli investorebisaTvis. qveyanam urneobasTan erTad. farTo gavrceleba hpova safeiqro
seriozuli progresi ganicada teqnologiebisa da ki- mrewvelobam. indoeTs saeqsportod gaaqvs saiuveliro
no-industriis sferoSi. nawarmi, tansacmeli, bamba da Cai.
indoeTi. mosaxleobis ricxovnobiT indoeTi meore qveyanaa
msoflioSi imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom am qveyanaSi
ojaxebis dagegmarebis politika ar warmoebs imdenad
mkacrad, rogorc CineTSi, demografebis prognozis Ta-
naxmad, saSualovadian perspeqtivaSi es qveyana gaxdeba
yvelaze mravalricxovani saxelmwifo mTel msoflio-
Si. garda amisa, indoeTi iTvleba yvelaze mravalerov-
nul qveynad msoflioSi.
indoeTSi turistebis dainteresebas iwvevs am qvey-
nis samTavrobo Senobebi, maisuris sasaxle, arqiteqtu-
ruli Zeglebi_taj-mahali, indoeTis uReltexili _ na-
Tu-la. andamanisa da nikobaris kunZulebi, mcire zon-
dis kunZulebi, mdinare gangi, indoeTis didi udabno _
Tari, ganeSa, murugani, jamas meCeTi da Siva. indoeTSi
turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis
ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Semdegi istoriul-kulturuli
Zeglebi: agras cixe, ajanta, brihadeSvaras taZari, bhim-
betka, elefantisa da eloris gamoqvabulebi, indoeTis
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT indoeTi iyofa 28 mTis rkinigza, kandaria-mahadeva, konarakes mzis taZari,
Statad da 7 mokavSire teritoriad. fizikur-geografi- kutb-minari, mahabalipurami, mahabodhi, patadakali, san-
uli TvalsazrisiT, indoeTi SeiZleba dayofili iqnes Ci, fatehpur-sikri, yvavilebis xeoba, Campaner-pavagadhi,
sam bunebriv raionad: himalais, indi-gangisa da dekanis Colis monastrebi, Chatrapati Sivaji, Zveli goa, jan-
zegnis regionad. am qveynis umaRlesi mwvervali aris tar-mantari, hampi, humaunis akldama, kazirangis, keola-
kanCejanRa (8598 m). indoeTSi klimati zomieri da tro- deos, manasis, nanda-devisa da sundarbansis erovnuli
pikulia. Cerapunji aris yvelaze naleqiani adgili parki.
mTel msoflioSi, sadac wliurad modis 11000 mm-ze me- indoeTSi turistebs izidavs Semdegi saxis istori-
ti naleqi. qveyana flobs qvanaxSirs, rkinis madans, ul-kulturuli memkvidreobani: delSi _ mah-abodhis
manganums, boqsitebs, titans, qromits, bunebriv airs, taZari, bodxgaiaSi, erovnuli muzeumi, wiTeli forti
almass, navTobs, kirqvas, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebs. (XVII s.), didi meCeTi, did mogolTa sasaxle (XVII s.),
qveynis agrarul-industriul ekonomikaSi SeiniSneba kutb-minaris koSki (XII s.); agraSi _ taj-mahalis marma-
601 602
rilos mavzoleumi; mumbaiSi _VII saukunis taZrebi; va- nepalisa da bhutanis turistuli potenciali
ranasSi_1500 taZari, ajantisa da eloris mRvimeebi,
mzis taZari konarakeSi, qajurahos Zeglebis kompleqsi, nepalis respublika mdebareobs himalais mTianeTSi.
sanCis budisturi Zeglebi; indur eposSi _ mahabharata mis teritoriaze mdebareobs 14-dan 5 rvaaTasmetriani
(Zv w. aRr-iT V s.) da ramaiana (Zv w. aRr-iT II s.). cno- mwvervali (maT Soris mTa_everesti). misi mosazRvre
bili indielebi arian msaxiobebi: raj kapuri da SaSi qveynebia CineTi da indoeTi. qveynis teritoriis far-
kapuri. Tobia 140,7 aTasi km2. misi dedaqalaqia katmandu. 2008
turistuli TvalsazrisiT, indoeTSi did daintere- wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveyanaSi cxovrobs 29,5 mln ka-
sebas iwvevs qveynis msxvili qalaqebi: deli, bombei, ci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 48,2 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo
kalkuta, madrasi, yofili portugaliuri kolonia, xo- erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 1,5 aTas dolars. ne-
lo mogvianebiT ki indoeTis Stati _ goa, karbetis palis valutaa nepaluri rupia, oficialuri ena _ ne-
erovnuli parki, sariska, taj-mahalis mavzoleumi da a. paluri, xolo religia ki aris induizmi.
S. kalkuta aris msoflioSi cnobili indieli mwerlis nepali.
~tagaras saxlmuzeumi”. yvelaze cnobili induri ku-
rortebi mdebareobs indoeTis dasavleT sanapiroze,
goas StatSi. es raioni, turistebs Soris sargeblobs
Zalian didi popularobiT, gansakuTrebiT evropelebs
Soris.
aq yvelaze ufro moswonT dasveneba maT, vinc upi-
ratesobas aniWeben komfortul, wynar plaJze dasvene-
bas. turistebSi didi aRiarebiT sargeblobs indoeTis
erT-erTi yvelaze ufro ganviTarebuli _keralas Sta-
tic, romelic mdebareobs dasavleT sanapiros ukidu-
resi samxreTiT. indoeTSi klasikuri dasvenebis saxeo-
bas warmoadgens ~oqros samkuTxedis” turi, romlis nepali I msoflio omamde iyo inglisis kolonia.
farglebSic turists SeeZleba daaTvalieros msofli- 1923 wels man moipova damoukidebloba. administraciu-
oSi cnobili indieli arqiteqtoris _taj-mahalis Zeg- li TvalsazrisiT, nepali iyofa 5 regionad. es regio-
li, feradi qvebiT mopirkeTebuli Senoba-nagebobani. ag- nebi Tavis mxriv iyofian 14 administraciul zonad,
reTve Zveli qalaqi _ fatehpur-sikri da egzotikuri romlebic Tavis mxriv iyofian 75 olqad. es qveyana
vardebis qalaqi _ rajastani. indoeTi agreTve iTvleba flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa: wyali, sa-
religiuri aRmsareblobis centrad. induistTa sazoga- Seni xe-tye, hidroenergia, spilenZi, kobalti, rkinis ma-
doebis ZiriTadi centri mdebareobs am qveynis terito- dani. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs marcvleuli, Tuji da xe--
riaze. indoeTi izidavs ekoturistebs, romlebic ocne- tye.
boben mTis simaRleTa dalaSqvras.
603 604
nepalSi turistebs izidavs istoriul-kulturuli lo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 1989 dolars.
RirsSesaniSnaoba_ lumbini (budas dabadebis adgili), qveynis valuta aris ngultrumi, religia ki aris bu-
iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setani- dizmi.
li Zeglebi _katmandus xeoba, lumbini, sagarmaTasa da bhutanis istoria 2000 welze mets iTvlis, magram
Citvanis erovnuli parkebi, qalaqi _katmandu. katmandu- amis damamtkicebeli dokumentacia ar arsebobs maSin-
Si mdebareobs erT-erTi uwmindesi budisturi adgili del dedaqalaqSi _punaxkaSi gaCenili xanZris Sedegad
_ bodhnaThi, sadac CineTidan didi raodenobiT tibete- biblioTekis ganadgurebis gamo. amitom am qveynis war-
li ltolvilebis gadmosaxlebis gamo, 50-mde tibeturi suli naxevradlegendebis donezea cnobili. mravali
gompa (monasteri) aris agebuli. katmanduSi bodhnaThi saukunis ganmavlobaSi bhutans mWidro kavSirebi hqon-
turistebisaTvis yvelaze popularuli adgilia. aq ti- da damyarebuli tibetTan. amitom qveyanaSi gavrcelebu-
betidan momaval Zvel savaWro gzaze mravali saukunis lia budizmi, tibetis erovnuli ena da damwerloba.
ganmavlobaSi isvenebdnen da locvebs aRavlendnen ti- budizmma am qveyanaSi jer kidev II saukuneSi SeaRwia,
beteli vaWrebi. roca aq aages ori taZari_ kaiCu laxkangi da jambei
1950-ian wlebamde nepali daxuruli iyo ucxoel- laxkangi. es taZrebi dResac religiuri ritualebis
TaTvis. amitom man sakmaod maRal doneze SeinarCuna aRmsareblobis umniSvnelovanesi adgilia. bhutanis
erovnuli koloriti da TviTmyofadoba. siRaribis miu- erT saxelmwifod gaerTianeba SeZlo ngavang niamgalma
xedavad nepals gaaCnia Tavisi adamianuri Rirebulebe- 1594-1616 wlebSi. Semdgomi 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi bhu-
bi, xolo misi mosaxleoba Tavs bednierad Tvlis da tani moicva Sida samoqalaqo omma. XX saukunis dasawy-
cxovrobs Tavisi tradiciebiT. nepalisaTvis damaxasia- isSi qveyanam kvlav SeZlo gaerTianeba da inglisisagan
Tebelia alpinizmTan dakavSirebuli ekoturizmi. aq miiRo Sida saqmeebSi Caurevlobis garantia. swored am
turistebs izidavs himalais msoflioSi yvelaze maRa- periodidan iwyeba bhutanis izolacia.
li piki, samxreT regionis veluri buneba, katmandus bhutani.
lamazi dablobi, xelsayreli klimati, iSviaTi arqi-
teqturuli Zeglebi, dResaswaulebi da xalxis TviT-
myofadi kultura.
bhutanis samefo (~cecxlis mfrqveveli drakonis mi-
wa”) samxreT aziaSi himalais mTebis aRmosavleTiT mde-
bare patara saxelmwifoa, romelsac samxreTidan, aRmo-
savleTidan da dasavleTidan esazRvreba indoeTi, xo-
lo CrdiloeTidan ki_CineTis saxalxo respublika.
bhutanis teritoriis farTobia 47 aTasi km2. qveynis de-
daqalaqia Timfu, oficialuri ena aris inglisuri da
Zongqa. 2008 wlis mdgomareobiT, aq cxovrobs 2,23 mln
kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 4,4 mlrd aSS dolars, xo-
605 606
1949 wels bhutani gaxda damoukidebeli qveyana, mag- fuSi.1 takwangi zeda paros xeobaSi kldeze mdebare hi-
ram TviTizolaciis gamo igi ar iyo warmodgenili ar- malauri budisturi taZris kompleqsia, romelic zRvis
cerT saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi. qveyana ganixilebo- donidan mdebareobs 3120 m-ze. aq martsa da aprilSi
da indoeTis gavlenis sferod. bhutani gaeros wevri aRiniSneba budisturi dResaswauli, sadac sxvadasxva
gaxda 1971 wels. misi usafrTxoebis garanti dResac in- qveynidan moemgzavrebian momlocvelebi.
doeTia. 1999 wlamde bhutani iyo erT-erTi izolirebu- bhutani jer kidev sakmaod Caketili qveyanaa ucxoe-
li qveyana mTel msoflioSi. aq akrZaluli iyo tele- li turistebisaTvis. aq bevria iseTi adgili, sadac
vizia, interneti, mobiluri telefonebi da a. S. 2000 moxvedra turists SeuZlia mxolod piradad mefisagan
wlidan internetis, saerTaSoriso aviareisebisa da specialuri nebarTvis aRebis Semdeg. amisaTvis ki man
ucxouri investiciebis daSvebam es qveyana met-naklebad unda gadaixados mgzavrobis oficialur Rirebulebaze
xelmisawvdomi gaxada ucxoeli turistebisaTvis. qveya- ramdenjerme meti Tanxa (200 dolari). amdenad, am qvey-
na uzrunvelyofili iqna axali infrastruqturiT (e- nis egzotika SeuZlia Seafasos Tavgadasavlebis moyva-
leqtroenergiiT, telefonebiT, gzebiT da a. S.) Tan rulma turistebma.
ise, rom ekologias minimaluri zarali miadga. qveyanaSi SezRudulia ucxoeli turistebis Ses-
bhutanis samefo ganekuTvneba sustad ganviTarebul vlis raodenobac. amas emateba momsaxurebis dabali
qveyanaTa ricxvs. igi agraruli qveyana da misdevs na- done, ris gamoc qveyanas arc ise bevri turisti stum-
turalur meurneobas. mewarmeobis ganviTareba bhutanis robs. ucxoeli, romelic qveyanaSi Cadis valdebulia
xelisuflebis gegmaSi ar Sedis. am qveynis ekonomikis winaswar gadaixados 200 dolari. mas avtomaturad ax-
ZiriTadi samewarmeo seqtoria soflis meurneoba. aq vedreben 3-adgilian sastumros. turistuli jgufis
mohyavT vaSli, forToxali brinji, xorbali da sxva wevrTa raodenoba ar unda aRematebodes 4 adamians.
marcvleuli kulturebi, romelic saeqsportod indo- Tan sayuradReboa is faqtic, rom turistma 200 dola-
eTSi gaaqvT. qveynis xelisufleba aqtiurad zrunavs ri unda ixados yoveli Semdgomi dRisaTvis. qveyanas
florisa da faunis SenarCunebaze, amitom teritoriis yovelwliurad stumrobs saSualod 13 aTasi ucxoeli
naxevarze meti dacul zonebadaa gamocxadebuli. bhu- turisti.
tanis veluri buneba naklebad aris Seswavlili. aq te-
ritoriis erTeulze gaangariSebiT, Tavmoyrilia spi- Sri-lankas, maldivis kunZulisa da
loebis yvelaze didi raodenoba mTel msoflioSi. singapuris turistuli potenciali
bhutanis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens
Zongis arqiteqtura, romelic gamorCeulia am qveynis Sri-lankis demokratiul-socialisturi respublika
butisturi samefos cixesimagreTa arqiteqturiT. bu- samxreT aziaSi indoeTis subkontinentis samxreT-aRmo-
disturi monastrebis udidesi nawili mdebareobs Tim- savleT sanapiroze mdebare tropikuli kunZulovani

туризма.
607 608
qveyanaa, romelsac strategiuli mdebareoba ukavia in- Sri-lankaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio
doeTis okeaneSi Soreul aRmosavleTs, afrikasa da ev- memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili istoriul-kul-
ropas Soris. 1978 wlidan misi dedaqalaqia Sri-jaia- turuli Zeglebi: anuradhapura, gale, dambulis mRvime,
vardenepura-kote, xolo udidesi qalaqia kolombo. kandi, polonaruva, sigiriia, sinharajis nakrZali, Sri--
oficialuri enebia sinhala da tamili. qveynis terito- lankis centraluri zegani. kolombo kunZulis dasav-
riis farTobia 65,6 aTasi km2. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT leT sanapiroze mdebare ~saqmiani, cocxali qalaqia”,
aq cxovrobs 20,7 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 86,7 sadac Tanamedrove cxovreba da koloniuri arqiteqtu-
mlrd aSS dolars, erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ra Serwymulia erTmaneTSi. farTo navmisadgomebis ga-
ki_4,6 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa Sri-lankis rupi. mo, kolombo iTvleba strategiul savaWro centrad. am
Sri-lanka. kuTxiT is cnobili iyo jer kidev 2000 wlis win. ko-
lombo dRemde rCeba qveynis komerciul dedaqalaqad.
Sri-lanka warmoadgens saerTaSoriso turizmis gan-
viTarebisaTvis erT-erT xelsayrel qveyanas. kolombom
Semoinaxa ganumeorebeli kulturuli memkvidreoba: ko-
loniuri stilis patara saxlebi esazRvreba rogorc
caTambjenebs, ise Zvel aRmosavlur Zeglebs. istoriu-
li da kulturuli Zeglebis udidesi nawili ganlage-
bulia kunZulis centrSi. igi gamosaxavs ~kulturul
samkuTxeds”: anuradhapura (Sri-lankas pirveli, Zveli
dedaqalaqi) _ polonnaluva (saxelmwifos Suasaukuno-
vani dedaqalaqi) _ kandi (damoukidebeli qveynis basti-
oni).
Sri-lanka erT saukuneze metxans iyo britaneTis
maldivis respublika samxreT aziaSi, maldivis ar-
kolonia. man damoukidebloba miiRo 1948 wels. 1978
qipelagze, indoeTis okeanis sanapiroze, Sri-lankas
wlamde qveynis dedaqalaqi iyo kolombo. Sri-lanka
kunZulis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare saxelmwifoa,
mravalerovani da mravalreligiuri qveyanaa. misi udi-
romelic moicavs 1190 kunZuls. maTgan dasaxlebulia
desi nawili dablobs ukavia. qveynis aRmosavleTi nawi-
mxolod 220. maT Soris 77 kunZuls gaaCnia 2-dan 5-var-
li gaSenebulia bungalis yuris sanapiro zolSi. mis
skvlaviani sastumroebi. qveynis dedaqalaqia male. ofi-
klimatze udides gavlenas axdens haeris tropikuli
cialuri enaa divehi. oficialuri religiaa islami.
masebi. bunebrivi resursebidan aq moipoveba kirqva, gra-
qveynis teritoriis farTobi Seadgens 298 km2-s, 2006
fiti, fosfati, Tixa, samkurnalo qviSa da hidroresur-
wlis mdgomareobiT aq cxovrobs 300 aTasi kaci. qveynis
sebi. Tanamedrove etapze qveyana iTvleba Cais erT-erT
valutaa rufia.
mowinave eqsportiorad. Sri-lanka cnobilia spiloebi-
maldivis kunZulebi aRmoaCines V saukuneSi Sri--
Tac.
lankas budistma berebma. aq islami gavrcelda XII sau-
609 610
kuneSi. maldiva iyo inglisis kolonia. britanuli singapuris respublika samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi,
proteqtorati aq gauqmda 1950-ian wlebSi da es qveyana malais naxevarkunZulis samxreTiT mdebare qalaqi-sa-
gaxda damoukidebeli. is aris gaeros wevri, romelic xelmwifoa, romelic Sedgeba kunZul singapurisa da
respublikad gamocxadda 1968 wels xelisuflebidan sxva patara kunZulebisagan. misi dedaqalaqia singapu-
sulTanis Camogdebis Semdeg. ri. oficialuri enebia malaiuri, Cinuri, tamiluri da
maldivis kunZulebi warmoadgenen vulkanuri warmo- inglisuri. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 704 km2. 2007
Sobis Zvel, CaZirul mTebs, romelTa simaRle ar aRema- wlis mdgomareobiT aq cxovrobs 4,68 mln kaci, saerTo
teba zRvis donidan 2 metrs. bevri maTgani SemosazR- mSp Seadgens 161,3 mlrd aSS dolars, erT mosaxleze
vrulia barieruli rifiT, romelic icavs kunZulebs ki _ 37,5 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa singapuruli
talRebisagan. cxeli da nestiani klimatis gamo, aq dolari.
temperatura Zalian maRalia. maldivaSi mdidari flo- singapurma damoukidebloba miiRo 1959 wels didi
ra da faunaa (qoqosis palmebi, tropikuli buCqebi, nes- britaneTisagan. 1963-65 wlebSi is Sedioda malaiziis
vi, kakao, Tevzebi, kuebi da a. S). maldivielebis mTava- federaciis SemadgenlobaSi. qveyana flobs iseT re-
ri saqmianobaa Tevzaoba da navebis gakeTeba-SekeTeba. sursebs, rogoricaa Tevzi, Rrma wylis portebi. mas sa-
wliuri biujetis did nawils Seadgens turizmi. sko- eqsportod gaaqvs manqanaTmSeneblobis produqcia, av-
lebSi aswavlian yurans. transportis ZiriTadi saSua- tomobilebi, eleqtromowyobilobani, qimikatebi, kauCu-
lebaa navi. saerTaSoriso aeroporti mdebareobs kun- ki da kvebis produqtebi.
Zu;l hululze, malesTan axlos. maldivielTa erovne- singapuri warmoadgens Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso
bis formirebaze gavlena moaxdina Sri-lankis, indoe- turizmis aRiarebul centrs. igi aris msoflios msxvi-
Tisa da arabuli qveynebis emigrantebma. li finansuri, samrewvelo da satransporto centri. am
maldivis respublika. qveyanaSi bevria bunebrivi da kulturuli RirsSesaniS-
naobebi: singapuris zooparki, frinvelebis parki, xe-
lovnebis festivali, eTnikuri niSniT Seqmnili ubnebi
(Cainatauri, patara indoeTi da a. S.) _ es aris is obi-
eqtebi, romelic izidavs turistebs. Zalze originalu-
ria Ria cis qveS moqmedi memorialuri muzeumi _ ~vef-
xvebis parki”, romelic Seqmnilia singapurSi adgilob-
rivi Cineli finansuri magnatebis ojaxis mier.
singapurSi mcxovrebi Cineli biznesmenebi (Zmebi _a-
u-bin-hai da au-bin-pari) gamdidrdnen kanis kremis ~vef-
xvis balzamis” warmoebiTa da realizaciiT. aRniSnul-
ma wamalma didi popularoba moipova aramarto singa-
purSi, aramed sxva qveynebSic, rogorc revmatizmis, ra-
dikulitis da sxva daavadebaTa gankurnvis saukeTeso
611 612
saSualebam. es biznesi gaxda Zmebis gamdidrebis wyaro. malaizia.
TavianTi saxelis ukvdavsayofad Zmebma holmis fer-
dobze zRvasTan axlos SeiZines miwis nakveTi da aq ga-
aSenes parki. misi keTilmowyoba dasrulda 1937 wels.
Zmebma _ haim da parma parki gadasces saCuqrad qalaqs
im pirobiT, rom maTi gardacvalebis Semdeg parki gax-
deboda ojaxuri memoriali. Zmebis gardacvalebis Sem-
deg aRsrulda maTi survili. holmis zeda ferdobze
agebuli iqna Zmebis Zeglebi, xolo parkma ki miiRo
~vefxvis balzamis parkis” saxelwodeba.
malaiziis turistuli potenciali
malaizia konstituciuri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa, malaiziaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio
romelic mdebareobs samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi. am memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili istoriul-kul-
qveynis dasavleT nawili mdebareobs malakis naxevar- turuli Zeglebi _gunung-mulusa da kinabalus erovnu-
kunZulis samxreTiT, xolo aRmosavleTi nawili _ka- li parki, qalaqi_malaka. jorjtauni (penangi) aris ma-
limantanis kunZulis CrdiloeTiT. malaizia esazRvre- laiziaSi mdebare qalaqi, romelic daarsda britanele-
ba tailands, indonezias da bruneis. misi dedaqalaqia bis mier 1786 wels. igi warmoadgens penangis Statis
kuala-lumpuri. oficialuri enaa malauri. 2008 wlis administraciul centrs, romelic mosaxleobis raode-
mdgomareobiT, aq cxovrobs 27,5 mln kaci, saerTo mSp nobis mixedviT mesame qalaqia malaiziaSi. aziis sauke-
Seadgens 358 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze Teso qalaqebs Soris igi meeqvse adgilzea. qalaqis
gaangariSebiT ki_ 14,4 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa klimati tropikulia +240C saSualo temperaturiT.
ringiti. administraciuli TvalsazrisiT igi dayofi- malaizia samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis erT-erTi yve-
lia 13 Statad da sam federalur teritoriad, rome- laze ufro dinamiurad ganviTarebadi, axalindustriu-
lic gadaWimulia 329,8 aTas km2-ze. qveyana axlosaa ek- li qveyanaa, romelic flobs iseT sasargeblo wiaRise-
vatorTan amitom aq tropikuli klimatia. 1963 wlamde uls, rogoricaa: kala, rkina, spilenZi, qvanaxSiri, nav-
malaizia rogorc qveyana ar arsebobda. Tobi, oqro, alumini da boqsiti. Sromis saerTaSoriso
danawilebaSi qveyana cnobilia, rogorc kauCukis, qva-
naxSiris, aseve gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelobis mTel
rig dargTa produqciis, upirveles yovlisa, sayofacx-
613 614
ovrebo teqnikis, da agreTve brinjis msxvili mwarmoe- kuala-lumpuri mdebareobs malakis naxevarkunZulis
beli. samxreT-dasavleT nawilSi, romelic daarsda 1857
malaiziis hava ekvatorulia. aq saSualoTviuri tem- wels. am qalaqSi cxovrobs 1,8 mln kaci, romelic 1983
peraturaa +25-280C. malaiziaSi turistebs izidavs mra- wlidan aris malaiziis dedaqalaqi. am qalaqSi mdeba-
vali wyaluxvi mdinare, mravalferovani flora da fa- reobs msoflios yvelaze maRali tyupi (petronas) ca-
una. qveyanaSi ramdenime erovnuli parkia. istoriulad Tambjenebi. es Senoba qveynis saukeTeso arqiteqturuli
malaiziis teritoriis mimarT daintereseba ganapiroba Sedevria, romelic daTvalierebis mizniT ucxoeTidan
indoeTsa da CineTs Soris savaWro-satranzito gza-jva- izidavs didi raodenobiT turists. kuala-lumpurSi
redinis am teritoriaze gatarebam. malaiziis terito- Camomsvlel turistebs yvelaze metad ainteresebT
riaze islami saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadda XVI frinvelebis parki (sadac binadrobs daaxloebiT 5000
saukuneSi. XVII _XVIII saukuneebSi igi dapyrobili frinveli), cxovelTa parki da peplebis parki.
hqonda holandias, XIX saukuneSi ki es teritoriebi mi- kedahis StatSi mdebareobs bevri arqeologiuri Zeg-
itaca ingliselma kolonizatorebma da daaarses bri- li. mis sanapirosTan axlos mdebareobs kurorti
taneTis malaia, romelic warmoadgenda didi britane- _langkavis kunZuli, sadac arsebobs ulamazesi plaJe-
Tis sanedleulo danamats. II msoflio omis dros es bi. langkavidan samxreTiT, daaxloebiT 112 km-is man-
teritoriebi daipyro iaponiam, magram omis Semdeg po- Zilze, malaiziis naxevarkunZulis Crdilo-dasavleT
ziciebi aRadgina inglisma. 1948 wels malais gamoeyo sanapirosTan axlos mdebareobs penangis kunZuli, ro-
singapuri. 1957 wels gamZafrebuli ganmaTavisuflebeli melsac uwodeben ~aRmosavleTis margalits”. mSvenierma
moZraobis Sedegad inglisis kolonizatorebi iZule- plaJebma da peizaJebma kunZuli aqcies dasvenebis popu-
bulni gaxdnen eRiarebinaT malais federaciis damou- larul adgilad.
kidebloba. 1957 wels malaizia gaxda gaeros wevri. 1963 perakis Stats uwodeben ~vercxlis Stats”, radga-
wels, britaneTis TanamegobrobaSi am qveynis gawevria- nac aq arsebobs feradi liTonebis msxvili sabado. pe-
nebis gamo, masTan urTierToba gawyvites indoneziam da raki mimzidvelia turistebisaTvis Tavisi mravalricx-
filipinebma. ovani RirsSesaniSnaobiT, kerZod_ cnobili ZeglebiT.
malaizia regionis sxva qveynebisgan gansxvavdeba eg- Statis teritoriaze mdebareobs mTeli rigi sakuror-
zotikis unikaluri kombinaciiT, Zveli kulturiTa da to adgilebi: zRvispira qalaqi_lamuti, pangkorisa da
ganviTarebis maRali doniT. malaiziis bevr raions ga- lautis kunZulebi. selangoris Stati mdebareobs ma-
aCnia Tavis ganumeorebeli Taviseburebebi, rac mimzid- laiziis naxevarkunZulis sanapiros dasavleTiT. Stats
velia turistebisaTvis. ukanasknel wlebSi qveyanaSi gaaCnia moribis, bagan-lalangis kurortebi, negris
tardeba saerTaSoriso turizmis, rogorc saerTaSori- Statis mTavari kurorti _ sembilani mdebareobs dik-
so specializaciis perspeqtiuli dargis stimulirebis sonis portis raionSi sanapirosagan 48 km-is daSore-
politika. bolo dros es qveyana izidavs sul ufro biT.
bevr turists. malakis Stati ikavebs malaiziis naxevarkunZulis
samxreT-dasavleTs. igi cnobilia mravali (induri, Ci-
615 616
nuri, evropuli da iaponuri) kulturis urTierTSeTav- dinamiurad ganviTarebadi porti. es aris erT-erTi um-
sebis centrs. amitom StatSi bevria istoriuli Rir- sxvilesi saerTaSoriso safinanso centri. Statis
sSesaniSnaobani: Zeglebi, meCeTebi, mavzoleomebi da ek- sazRvrebSi mdebareobs mTeli rigi kunZulebi, romel-
lesiebi. aq aris agreTve kurortebi _ tanjungi, bida- Ta sanapirozec gamoriyulia CaZiruli gemebis narCene-
ra, tanjun-klingi da sxva. johoris Stati iTvleba ma- bi. igi warmoadgens daivingis moyvarulTa interess.
laiziis samxreT ~karibWed”. aq gadis rkinigzis xazi, malaizia cnobilia agreTve Tavisi sazRvao nakrZa-
romelic malaizias akavSirebs singapurTan. StatSi ar- lebiT (sazRvao nakrZali aris zRvis gansazRvruli ak-
sebobs istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobebi, erovnuli par- vatoria, romelic iTvleba misi florasa da faunas
kebi da kurortebi. farTobis mixedviT pahangis Stati dacvis erTgvar ekosistemad, samefo wylebad, iq bina-
warmoadgens qveynis erT-erT msxvil Stats malaiziis dari TevzebiTa da mikroorganizmebiT). samefo zonebis,
samxreT sanapiroze. aq aris maRalmTiani kurortebic, wyalqveSa florasa da faunas dacvis mizniT iqmneba
erovnuli bunebrivi nakrZalebi da tbebi. nakrZalebi. aq xdeba adamianTa dasvenebis organizeba
tiomanis kunZuli ganekuTvneba prestiJul saerTa- cocxal bunebaze yovelgvari zianis miyenebis gareSe.
Soriso kurortTa kategorias. terenganus Stati mdeba- sazRvao nakr-ZalebSi yofnisas turistebma unda daic-
reobs malaiziis naxevarkunZulis aRmosavleT sanapi- van garkveuli wesebi: aq nebadarTulia wyalqveSa fo-
roze. aq mzaddeba spilenZis suvenirebi, romelsac iZe- tografireba, curva, magram akrZalulia Tevzaoba, niJa-
nen turistebi. igi qveynis yvelaze cxovelmyofeli rebis Segroveba, katamarebiT Sejibri da a. S.
Statia, romlis bunebriv saocrebad iTvleba maRal- malaizia warmoadgens religiuri turizmis ganviTa-
mTiani tbebi da CanCqerebi. Sta-tis zRvis akvatoriaSi rebis centrsac. qveynis mcxovrebTa umravlesoba mu-
mdebare redangis kunZuli malaiziaSi iTvleba erT-erT sulmania. saxeldobr, kuala-lumpuridan 30 km-Si mdeba-
saukeTeso adgilad wyalqveSa curvisTvis. kelantanis reobs batus samlocvelo. yovel wels ianvris bolosa
Stats, romelic mdebareobs qveynis Crdilo-aRmosavle- da Tebervlis dasawyisSi aq tardeba religiuri dRe-
TiT, tailandis sazRvarze, uwodeben ~malaiziis kul- saswauli, sadac ikribeba mravalricxovani mlocvele-
turis akvans”. aq samxreT CineTis zRvis sanapiroze bi maldividan, singapuridan da sxva qveynebidan. qveya-
aris mravali sakurorto adgili qoqosis palmebiT ga- naSi moqmedebs mTeli rigi mkacri wesebi. ase mag., nar-
Senebuli oqrosfer qviSiani plaJebiT. kotikebis aralegalurad Semomtani malaiziaSi isjeba
sabahis Stati mdebareobs aRmosavleT malaiziaSi, sikvdiliT.
borneos kurortis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. es aris mTi-
ani Stati veluri bunebiTa da grZeli sanapiro pla- bruneis, mianmarisa da bangladeSis
JiT. saravakis Stati (~Citebis qveyana”) udabur jun- turistuli resursebi
glTa mxarea, romelic mdidaria iseTi resursebiT, ro-
goricaa kakao, xorci, navTobi da a. S. StatSi bevri bruneis saxelmwifo aris samxreT-aRmosavleT azia-
erovnuli parkia, sadac xdeba mravali turis organi- Si, kalimantanis kunZulis Crdilo-dasavleT sanapiro-
zeba. aq aris lamazi plaJebi. labuanis Stats gaaCnia ze mdebare absoluturi islamuri sasulTno, romel-
617 618
sac esazRvreba samxreT CineTis zRva da indonezia. mi- brunei.
si teritoriis farTobia 5,8 aTasi km2. 2007 wlis mdgo-
mareobiT am qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 391,5 aTas
kacs, saerTo mSp _ 9 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT
mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 24,8 aT. aSS dolars.
bruneis dedaqalaqia bandar-seri-begavani. qveynis ofi-
cialuri ena aris malauri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi
ki aris inglisuri da Cinuri. misi valuta aris brune-
uli dolari. oficialuri religiaa islami, gavrcele-
buli sarwmunoebaa qristianoba da budizmi.
bruneis feodaluri saxelmwifo aRmocenda kaliman-
tanis kunZulebze XVI saukuneSi. 1888 wels qveyana ga-
dadis inglisis proteqtorobis qveS. 1959 wels brunei-
Si momxdari ajanyebis gamo, inglisma bruneis avtono- qveynis mTavar simdidres warmoadgens 10 mlrd tona
mia mianiWa. 1984 wlis 1 ianvridan am qveyanam gamoacxa- navTobi da 12 mlrd m3 gazi (20-30 wlis maragi). navTo-
da sruli damoukidebloba. bisa da gazis didi maragis flobis gamo, qveyanas erT-
administraciulad brunei iyofa 4 olqad. esenia: be- erTi wamyvani adgili ukavia cxovrebis donis mixedviT
laiti, brunei-muara, Temburongi da tutongi. bruneis samxreT-aRmosavleT aziis qveynebs Soris. bruneis
teritoriis umetesoba dablobia. klimati_ ekvatoru- sulTani warmoadgens planetis erT-erT umdidres
li. haeris temperatura mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi mer- macxovrebels. am qveynis ekonomikis susti mxarea di-
yeobs 260C-is farglebSi. teritoriis 75% ukavia tro- versifikaciis ararseboba. brunei orientirebulia 1
pikul tyeebs. bandar-seri-begavanSi kompaqtur terito- produqciis warmoebaze.
riaze 6000 kv. km-Si cxovrobs daaxloebiT 300 aT. ada- bolo wlebSi aqtiurad mimdinareobs muSaoba qveya-
miani. aq mcxovrebTa umravlesoba malaizielebia naSi turistebis mosazidad. dedaqalaqSi mdebareobs
(mTliani mosaxleobis 65%). qveynis eTnikuri Semadgen- aziis erT-erTi yvelaze didi meCeTi_omar ali saifud-
loba mravalferovania: malaelebi, Cinelebi, ebraelebi, dinis meCeTi. qveyanaSi arsebobs agreTve erovnuli par-
indoelebi da a. S. kebi da nakrZalebi, ekvatoruli floriTa da fauniT.
1994 wels qveyanaSi gaxsnes jerudongis Tematuri par-
ki.
mianmaris kavSiris respublika (yofili birma) ge-
ografiulad yvelaze didi qveyanaa kontinentur sam-
xreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi. CrdiloeTiT mas esazRvreba
CineTis saxalxo respublika, aRmosavleTiT _laosi,
dasavleTiT_bangladeSi, Crdilo-dasavleTiT_indoeTi.
619 620
samxreTiT_andamanis zRva, xolo samxreT-dasavleTiT- moadgens iSviaTobas, xolo xalxi ki ganagrZobs cxene-
_bengalis yure. qveynis dedaqalaqia naifiido, xolo biTa da virebiT gadaadgilebas. saqmis aseTi viTareba
udidesi qalaqia iangoni. oficialuri enaa birmuli. amuxruWebs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebasac,
qveynis teritoriis farTobia 676,56 aTasi km2, sadac romelic, aRmsareblobis da budisturi kulturis Rir-
2006 wlis mdgomareobiT cxovrobs 55,4 mln kaci, saer- sSesaniSnaobis daTvalierebis gamoklebiT, qveyanaSi ar
To mSp Seadgens 93,8 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mo- ganviTarebula.
saxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 1691 dolars. misi valutaa mianmari warmoadgens budisturi kulturis mTavar
viati. sayrdens mTel aziaSi. aq turistebs izidavs md. mekon-
mianmari. gisa da himalais mTebis peizaJebi. qveynis erovnul sim-
bolos warmoadgens grandiozuli amindis kvlevis cen-
tri _ Svedagoni, romelic aages 2500 wlis win. igi
mdebareobs iangonSi. amasTan erTad, mianmarSi aris sa-
intereso adgilebic da RirsSesaniSnaobebic. mandala-
i_birmis samefos yofili dedaqalaqia. aq, iseve ro-
gorc qveynis sxva nawilebSic, budizmis bevri wminda
salocavia. Camqrali vulkani_ popas mTebi warmoadgens
qveynis erT-erT zRaprul sanaxaobas. mravali saukunis
ganmavlobaSi igi warmoadgenda aRmsareblobis adgils,
romelic wmindaa qveynis mcxovrebTaTvis. iangonSi
aris egzotikuri mcuravi sastumroebi. es aris Zveli
gemebi, romlebic gaCerebulni arian md. mekongis sana-
piroze da gadakeTebulni arian sastumroebad.
bangladeSis saxalxo respublika (~bengalelTa qve-
mianmars aqvs 2000 km-ze meti sigrZis sazRvao sanapi- yana”) mdebareobs samxreT aziaSi yofili aRmosavleT
ro. 1989 wlamde qveyanas erqva birma, xolo dedaqalaqi pakistanis teritoriaze. mdinareebis gangis da jamunis
iyo iangoni, 1989 wlis Semdeg misi saxelwodeba ofici- (brahmaputris) deltaSi. bangladeSs CrdiloeTiT da
alurad Seicvala da daerqva mianmari, xolo misi de- dasavleTiT esazRvreba indoeTi, samxreT-aRmosavle-
daqalaqi ki gaxda naifiido (saxelwodeba iTargmneba TiT_mianmari, xolo samxreTiT_ bengaliis yure. qvey-
rogorc ~samefo qveyana”). es qalaqi gaSenda sofel Ce- nis teritoriis farTobia 147,6 aTasi km2. 2007 wlis
pis adgilas piinmanidan 70 km-is daSorebiT, mandalais mdgomareobiT, qveyanaSi cxovrobs 150,5 mln kaci (maT
administraciul olqSi, iangonidan CrdiloeTiT 320 km- Soris 98% bengalelia), saerTo mSp Seadgens 361 mlrd
is daSorebiT. qveyanaSi xelisufleba ekuTvnis samxed- aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT
ro Zalebs, romelic qveyanas marTavs 1962 wlidan. mian- ki_2,27 aTas dolars.
mari Raribi agraruli qveyanaa, sadac avtomobili war-
621 622
bangladeSi. Ta imperiis dasustebiTa da daSliT isargebla didma
britaneTma da daipyro bengaliis saxelmwifo, romlis
kolonizacia aq gagrZelda 1757_1947 wlebSi. bengalSi
Camoyalibda erovnul-ganmaTavisuflebeli Zalebi. II
msoflio omis Semdeg inglisi iZulebuli gaxda xeli
aeRo bengaliis mpyrobelobaze.
bengaliis teritoria Sevida pakistanis Semadgenlo-
baSi mis aRmosavleT nawilad, magram pakistani saer-
Tod ar iTvaliswinebda bengalelTa interesebs, ramac
gazarda maTi ukmayofileba. maT wamoayenes bengalelTa
avtonomiis moTxovna. palestinis mxridan garkveuli
daTmobis miuxedavad, politikur-ekonomikuri uTanas-
woroba mainc sagrZnobi iyo. amitom pakistanSi gaZli-
erda ganmaTavisuflebeli moZraoba. samxedro Zalebis
mxridan politikurad aqtiuri subieqtebis represiebi-
sa da dapatimrebebis miuxedavad, 1971 wlis 26 marts
gamocxadda bangladeSis saxalxo respublika. 1982
wels qveyanaSi gamocxadda samxedro mmarTveloba, xo-
1971 wlidan bangladeSis dedaqalaqia daka (sadac
lo 1988 wels ki islami _ saxelmwifo religiad.
cxovrobs 9,84 mln kaci), xolo udidesi qalaqebi aris
Citagongi bengalis yuris Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT
Citagoni, xulna, rajSani da gazipuri. misi valutaa
mdebare qalaqia, romlis sazRvao sanapirozec mdebare-
taka. oficialuri ena aris bengaluri, xolo gavrce-
obs msoflios yvelaze grZeli plaJi (120 km). daka mde-
lebuli ena_inglisuri. oficialuri religiaa islami
bareobs mdinare gangis deltaSi, sadac cxovrobs 6,7
(88%) da induizmi (10%).
mln kaci. is iyo bengaliis dedaqalaqi 1608_1717 wleb-
bangladeSis teritoriaze saxelmwifo wyobis arse-
Si. balngadeSSi mdebare gramin banki aq Camosul ucxo-
bobis Sesaxeb cnobebi aris jer kidev Zv.w. aR-iT VII_VI
el turistebs uzrunvelyofs savaluto operaciebiT.
saukuneebSi. erT-erTi maTgani iyo vanga, saidanac mom-
iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis 911 Zegls Soris 0,3%
dinareobs Tanamedrove saxelwodeba (bangla - bengalu-
bangladeSis Zeglebia. kerZod, esenia: paharpures biha-
ri). Cv. w. aRr-iT VIII sauuneSi aq Camoyalibda bengali-
ra, bagerhaTis meCeTi, sundarbansi. qveyanaSi wyaluxvi
is saxelmwifo, romelmac XIII saukunemde iarseba. XIII
mdinareebia, ris gamoc masiuri wvimebis Sedegad aq
saukuneSi igi daipyro monRolTa didma imperiam da aq
xSiri da xangrZlivi wyaldidobebia. qveyana flobs
gavrcelda islami. XIV s-Si igi SeuerTda delis sa-
iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa: qvanaxSiri, buneb-
sulTnos. XVIII saukunis dasawyisSi bengaliis adminis-
rivi airi, kirqva da torfis sabadoebi. bangladeSis
traciuli centri gaxda daka. XVIII saukuneSi monRol-
623 624
agraruli ekonomika specializirebulia msoflio ba- vris siaxloves. mas gaaCnia mkveTrad gamoxatuli ben-
zarze marcvleulis miwodebaze. galuri koloriti. aq sustadaa ganviTarebuli sastum-
aq hava subekvatoruli da musonuria. ianvris saSua- ro infrastruqtura. am regionSi turistebs izidavs
lo temperatura meryeobs 12-250C-is farglebSi, xolo grZeli plaJebi da sufTa zRva, sadac ar binadrobs
aprilSi (yvelaze cxeli dRe) ki 23-340C-is farglebSi. zvigenebi.1 bangladeSSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganvi-
notio sezoni grZeldeba maisidan oqtombramde. bolo Tarebas nawilobriv aferxebs mudmivad mSrali ciklo-
100 wlis ganmavlobaSi bangladeSSi Zalze ganadgurda nebi.
adgilobrivi flora da fauna. qveyana administraciu-
lad iyofa 5 olqad. bangladeSi warmoadgens msofli- filipinebis turistuli potenciali
oSi mosaxleobis raodenobis mixedviT meSvide qveyanas
da Sedis msoflios yvelaze mWidrod dasaxlebuli filipinebis respublika mdebareobs samxreT-aRmo-
qveynebis rigSi. aq siRaribis done jer kidev dabalia. savleT aziaSi, filipinebis arqipelagze. mas es saxel-
qveyana flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, rogoricaa bu- wodeba daerqva espaneTis mefis filip II-is sapativce-
nebrivi airi, sasoflo-sameurneo miwebi, saSeni xe-tye mulod. misi dedaqalaqia manila, udidesi qalaqebia_
da qvanaxSiri. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs Cai, Tevzeuli da kenson-siti, davao, sebu da bakoloodi. oficialuri
tansacmeli. enebia tagalogi da inglisuri. qveynis farTobia 300
ucxoel turistebs ainteresebT am TviTmyofadi aT, km2. 2008 wlis mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Se-
qveynis RirsSesaniSnaobebi. aq turistebs izidavs iu- adgens 90,5 mln kacs, saerTo mSp_466,6 mlrd dolars,
neskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki_5,365 aTas do-
iseTi istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: is- lars. misi valutaa filipinebis peso. am qveynis reli-
toriuli qalaqi _bagerhaTi da misi meCeTi. paharpures giaa kaTolicizmi.
biharas budisturi monastris nangrevebi. qveyanas erov- filipinebis istoriaSi SeiZleba aRiniSnos mTeli
nul dResaswaulze _26 marts stumrobs uamravi turis- rigi mniSvnelovani TariRebi. XVI saukuneSi kunZuleb-
ti. dakaSi turistebis did dainteresebas iwvevs meCeTe- ze, qristianobis gavrcelebis mizniT, Camovida fernan-
bis, induisturi da qristianuli eklesiebis simravle, do magelani, magram samwuxarod adgilobrivma macxov-
xmauriani aRmosavluri bazrebi. dakaSi loculoben reblebma igi mokles. didi xnis manZilze filipinebi
muslimebic. qveynis bunebriv RirsSesaniSnaobebs Soris iyo espaneTis kolonia, xolo Semdeg ki igi gaxda ame-
aRsaniSnavia mis samxreT-dasavleTiT mdebare marad- rikis SeerTebul Statebze damokidebuli saxelmwifo.
mwvane tyeebi, bengaluri vefxvebi, didi raodenobis 1946 wels qveyanam aSS-sagan miiRo politikuri suvere-
spiloebi da leopardebi. bangladeSSi gadaadgilebis niteti.
gavrcelebul saSualebas warmoadgens wylis tran- qveyana administraciulad dayofilia 73 regonad da
sporti _ navebi da xomaldebi. 61 qalaqad. filipinebi Sedgeba SvidiaTasze meti kunZu-
bangladeSis erTaderT sazRvao kurorts warmoad-
gens kokis bazari, romelic mdebareobs mianmaris sazR- 1 www.ocean.net/международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ, Чехия.
625 626
lisgan. kunZulebis mniSvnelovan nawils ikavebs tro- erovnuli parki, tubatahas rifi, filipinebis barokos
pikuli tyeebi. igi flobs iseT bunebriv resursebs, stilis eklesiebi, istoriuli qalaqi _ vigani. filipi-
rogoricaa: saSeni xe-tye, navTi, nikeli, kobalti, ver- nebSi turistebi Semodian qalaq _ iloilos navsadgu-
cxli, oqro, marili da spilenZi. qveynis ekonomikis ridan.
struqturaSi Warbobs samrewvelo da sasoflo-sameur- filipinebis kunZulebze turizmis ganviTareba da-
neo produqciis warmoeba. aq ZiriTadad ganviTarebu- kavSirebulia egzotikuri adgilebis, agreTve veluri
lia samTo-mompovebeli da gadamamuSavebeli mrewvelo- bunebis xeluxlebeli landSaftis daTvalierebasTan.
bis mTeli rigi dargebi. agrarul sferoSi wamyvan mravalricxovani erovnuli parkebi (kanlaoni, maunt-a-
dargs warmoadgens memcenareoba (Saqris lerwmis, Tam- lo, volcano da sxvebi) perspeqtiuls xdis qveyanaSi
baqos, tropikuli xexilis da citrusebis moyvana). qvey- ekologiuri turizmis ganviTarebas. manila warmoad-
nis samxreT-aRmosavleTiT mdebareobs davaos provinci- gens msxvil samrewvelo, safinanso da kulturul
a. misi mosaxleoba specializirebulia teqnikuri kul- centrs. qalaqSi SemorCenilia san-avgustinis Suasauku-
turebis moyvanaze. igi gamoiyeneba tyavis warmoebis- novani eklesia, romelic agebulia espanel dampyro-
Tvis. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs tansacmeli, eleqtro-- belTa mier. aq mdebareobs erovnuli muzeumi, bunebis
mowyobiloba, qoqosis zeTi da xe-tyis masala. istoriisa da arqeologiis muzeumi, xelovnebis muzeu-
filipinebi. mi da a. S.
kambojasa da vietnamis turistuli

potenciali
kambojis samefo (yofili kampuCia) aris konstitu-

ciuri monarqiis mqone qveyana, romelic mdebareobs
samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi, indo-CineTis naxevarkunZu-
lis samxreTiT. misi teritoriis farTobia 181 aTasi
km2. 2006 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveynis mosaxleoba Se-
adgens 13,9 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _36,8 mlrd aSS do-
lars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki_2,6 aT.
aSS dolars. misi dedaqalaqia pnompeni, valuta aris
rieli, oficialuri enaa kxmeruli, xolo saxelmwifo
religiaa budizmi.
filipinebSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio
kamboja agraruli qveyanaa (mSp-Si soflis meurneo-
memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi istoriul-
bis produqciis xvedriTi wili Seadgens 53%-s, xolo
kulturuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: banaus brinjis tera-
mrewvelobisa ki_mxolod 5%-s). am qveynis ekonomika
sebi, vigani, puerto-princesa miwisqveSa mdinareebis
efuZneba safeiqro mrewvelobidan da turizmidan miRe-
627 628
bul Semosavlebs. safeiqro mrewveloba ZiriTadad war- wlebSi imyofeboda ~wiTel” dampyrobTa xelSi. turis-
modgenilia patara fabrikebiT, sadac keraven peran- tebis mcire (yovelwliurad saSualod 400 aT. kacis)
gebs, amerikis, iaponiisa da dasavleT evropis qveynebis odenoba aixsneba qveynis politikur-ekonomikuri aras-
fexburTelTa samoss. tabilurobiT, CamorCenili infrastruqturiTa da dam-
kambojas samefo. naSaveobis maRali doniT.
vietnamis socialisturi respublika (Cinuri warmo-
Sobis sityvaa da niSnavs ~viet”_Sors, `nam” ki_sam-
xreTs) mdebareobs samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi indoCi-
neTis naxevarkunZulze, romelsac esazRvreba laosi,
kamboja da CineTi. misi teritoriis farTobia 331,7 aT.
km2. vietnamis dedaqalaqia hanoi, udidesi qalaqebia xo-
Simini, haifoni da donangi. oficialuri enaa vietnamu-
ri, xolo gavrcelebuli enebi aris inglisuri, fran-
guli, Cinuri da kxmeruli. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, mi-
si mosaxleoba Seadgens 85,8 mln kacs (maT Soris 87,6%
aris vieti, xolo 12,4% tai) saerTo mSp _ 262 mlrd
aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _
3,1 aTas dolars, misi valutaa dongi. qveynis oficia-
qveyanaSi turistebs izidavs angkor-vati (induistu-
luri religiaa budizmi.
ri taZari), romelic mdebareobs angkor-Tomis maxlob-
vietnami.
lad. igi aris msoflioSi erT-erTi udidesi sakulto
nageboba, romelic Sedis angkoris xuroTmoZRvrul
kompleqsSi. es nageboba gamosaxulia kambojas erov-
nul gerbze. pnompeni daarsda 1434 wels da misTvis,
frangul arqiteqturasTan erTad damaxasiaTebelia
ulamazesi istoriuli arqiteqtura. igi aris kambojis
ekonomikuri, politikuri, industriuli, turistuli,
istoriuli da kulturuli centri, romelic gaSenebu-
lia md. mekongze. pnompens samarTlianad uwodes ~aziis
margaliti”, radganac frangul arqiteqturul stilSi
naSeni pnompeni indo-CineTis ulamazesi qalaqia.
pnompenSi Camosuli turistebisaTvis Sedgenili
programebis umTavresi nawilia ~genocidis muzeumis”
daTvaliereba. muzeumis 4 Senobidan erT-erTi 1975-79
629 630
1858-1945 wlebSi vietnami iyo safrangeTis kolonia. ha-longis ubis farTobi Seadgens 1,5 aT. km2-s. misi sax-
romelic okupirebuli iqna iaponiis mier. 1945 wels vi- meleTo Tu wyalqveSa samyaro biomravalferovnebis ma-
etnamidan gandevnil iqna iaponiis saokupacio jarebi. Rali doniT xasiaTdeba. aq gavrcelebulia floris 14
1945-54 wlebSi vietnami ibrZoda safrangeTis winaaR- da faunis 60 endemuri saxeoba. aq adamianebi saxlob-
mdeg. Semdeg qveyana or nawilad –CrdiloeT da sam- dnen mravali aTaseuli wlis win. kunZulebis naxevari
xreT vietnamad daiyo. CrdiloeT vietnami (oficialu- Setanilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa si-
rad cnobilia, rogorc vietnamis demokratiuli res- aSi. amitom ha-longis ube aris vietnamis mTavari tu-
publika) iyo komunisturi saxelmwifo, romelic mar- ristuli savizito baraTi.
Tavda Tanamedrove vietnamis CrdiloeT nawils 1954-76 vietnamSi turistebi ZiriTadad aTvaliereben qala-
wlebSi. qveynis samxreT nawils vietnamis saxelmwifo qebs: xoSiminsa da hanois. qveynis erT-erT yvelaze mTa-
ewoda. maT Soris omi daiwyo 1959 wels, romelic gag- var RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens komunisturi parti-
rZelda 1975 wlamde. samxreT vietnams 600 aTasi jaris- is xelmZRvanelisa da frang dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg
kaciT exmareboda aSS, xolo CrdiloeT vietnams ki_- ganmaTavisuflebeli omis organizatoris _ xoSiminis
sabWoTa kavSiri. 1976 wels am omSi gaimarjva Crdilo- mavzoleomi. socialisturi statusis SenarCunebis miu-
eT vietnamma da, samxreT vietnamis SemoerTebiT, Camoa- xedavad, vietnami dinamiurad ganviTarebadi ekonomikis
yaliba vietnamis socialisturi respublika. mqone qveyana. hanoiSi mimdinareobs sastumroebis aqtiu-
administraciuli TvalsazrisiT qveyana dayofilia ri mSenebloba.
58 olqad da 3 municipalitetad. igi flobs iseT bu- vietnamSi Zalas ikrebs turistuli industriac. mas
nebriv resursebs, rogoricaa: fosfatebi, qvanaxSiri, gaaCnia mTeli rigi Tanamedrove kurortebi: niaCangi,
manganumi, boqsitebi, qromiti, navTobisa da gazis saba- fantqseti, danangi da dalati. niaCangis kurorti aRia-
doebi, tyeebi da hidroenergetikuli resursebi. viet- rebulia aramarto TeTri plaJebiT, aramed samkurnalo
nams saeqsportod gaaqvs qvanaxSiri, brinji da kauCuki. wylebiTac. aq haeri aRsavsea evkaliptis aromatiT, rac
bolo dros vietnami gamovida molidere poziciebze gamajansaRebel gavlenas axdens sunTqvis organoebiT
sameurneo saqmianobis mTeli rigi saxeebis (mag, yavis daavadebul avadmyofebze. fantxeti qveynis samxreTiT
warmoebis) mixedviT. mdebare kurortia, sadac mdebareobs yviTelqviSiani
vietnamSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio mem- plaJebi da golfis saTamaSo moednebi. danangi aris vi-
kvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Semdegi istoriul- etnamis msxvili sazRvao porti. qalaqis irgvliv gan-
kulturuli Zeglebi: Tang-longis samefo qalaqi, mi-- lagebulia sakurorto zonac (zRvaze dasvenebis moyva-
soni, fong-nha-ke-bangis erovnuli parki, ha-longis ube, rulTa adgili). zRvaSi curvis garda, turistebs aq
Zveli qalaqi _ hoi-ani, hoi-ani-hos dinastiis citadeli SeuZliaT daeuflon sanaosno sportsa da wylis Txi-
da hues monumenturi kompleqsi. ha-longis ube mdebare- lamurebiT srials. didi popularobiT sargeblobs ma-
obs tonkinis yureSi, samxreT CineTis zRvaSi, romelic RalmTiani kurorti _ dalati. igi mimzidvelia bunebis
moicavs 3000-ze met kunZuls, kldeebsa da mRvimeebs. silamaziT: yvavilebiT mofenili mindvrebiT, CanCqere-
kldeebis kirqvebi 500 mln wlis winaa formirebuli. biTa da tbebiT.
631 632
vietnamSi aris bevri iseTi arqiteqturuli Zegli, eniT aRuwereli silamazis mqone katmandus ferdobi
romelic Segvaxsenebs imperator hoi-ani-hos dinastiis (unikaluri amindebiTa da iSviaTi arqiteqturuli
periods. qveynis teritoriebis mniSvnelovan nawils sacxovrebeli saxlebiT), mxurvale dResaswaulebi da
ikavebs tropikuli junglebi. vietnamSi sistemurad mosaxleobis TviTmyofadi kultura. Sri-lanka cnobi-
iwyebs Camoyalibebas erovnuli parkebis industria, sa- lia spiloebiT. singapurSi bevria bunebrivi da kultu-
dac turistebs SeuZlia daaTvalieron xelovnuri tye- ruli RirsSesaniSnaobebi: singapuris zooparki, frin-
ebi da egzotikuri cxovelebi. vietnamSi saxelmwifo velebis parki, xelovnebis festivali, eTnikuri niSniT
religias warmoadgens budizmi. am qveyanaSi mdebareobs Seqmnili ubnebi. malaizia cnobilia agreTve Tavisi
mravali budisturi monasteri, eklesia da Zegli, rom- sazRvao nakrZalebiT. bangladeSis bunebriv RirsSesa-
lebic intensiurad izidaven religiur turistebs.1 niSnaobebs Soris aRsaniSnavia: qveynis samxreT-dasav-
leTiT mdebare maradmwvane tyeebi, bengaluri vefxvebi,
reziume: didi raodenobis spiloebi da leopardebi. filipine-
bis kunZulebze turizmi dakavSirebulia egzotikuri
turistuli TvalsazrisiT, sakmaod mimzidveli re- adgilebis, veluri bunebis, xeluxlebeli landSaftis
gionia samxreT azia, romelSic Sedis indonezia, tai- daTvalierebasTan.
landi, indoeTi, nepali, bhutani, Sri-lanka, maldivis kambojis samefos turistuli simboloa uZveles
kunZulebi, malaizia, brunei, mianmari, bangladeSi, fi- ZeglTa unikaluri kompleqsi_angkor-vati. qveynis erov-
lipinebi, kambojis samefo da vietnami. indonezia sain- nul droSaze gamosaxuli swored XII saukuneSi agebu-
teresoa ekologiuri turizmis TvalsazrisiT. aq gan- li ZeglTa koSkebi. vietnami kambojas mezoblad mdeba-
lgebulia mTeli rigi erovnuli parkebi da nakrZale- re saxelmwifoa, sadac turistebi ZiriTadad aTvalie-
bi. sayovelTaod cnobili aris sumatras kunZulze mde- reben qalaqebs_xoSiminsa da hanois. qveynis erT-erT
bare ganningis dasvenebis parki. tailandis RirsSesa- yvelaze mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens komu-
niSnaobas warmoadgens xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi nisturi partiis da frang dampyrobTa winaaRmdeg gan-
pirobebi da ganviTarebuli turistuli infrastruqtu- maTavisuflebeli omis organizatoris _ xoSiminis mav-
ra, istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobani, maT Soris budis- zoleumi. vietnamSi Zalas ikrebs turistuli indus-
turi Zeglebi da Tavisufali qcevis SesaZlebloba. triac. mas gaaCnia mTeli rigi Tanamedrove kurortebi:
indoeTSi turistebis dainteresebas iwvevs qveynis niaCangi, fantqseti, danangi da dalati. niaCangis ku-
msxvili qalaqebi: indoeTis dedaqalaqi _deli, bombei, rorti aRiarebulia aramarto TeTri plaJebiT, aramed
kalkuta, mardasi, goa, karbetis erovnuli parki, saris- samkurnalo wylebiTac. vietnamSi sistemurad iwyebs Ca-
ka, taj-mahalis cnobili mavzoleomi. nepalSi turis- moyalibebas erovnuli parkebis industria, sadac tu-
tebs izidavs himalais msoflioSi yvelaze maRali pi- ristebs SeuZlia daaTvalieron xelovnuri tyeebi da
ki, samxreTiT mcxovrebi pirvelyofili veluri buneba, egzotikuri cxovelebi. am qveyanaSi mdebareobs mrava-
li budisturi monasteri, eklesia da Zegli, romlebic
1
izidaven religiur turistebs.
www.ocean.net/международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ, Чехия.
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ZiriTadi terminologia: g) kamboja;
d) vietnami.
- ~aTasi kunZulis qveyana”;
- ~vesaki”; 3. samxreT-aRmosavleT aziaSi mdebareobs:
- ~tailndis riviera”; a) saudis arabeTi;
- ~kxu-kxuti”; b) siria;
- ~puteki”; g) kambojis samefo;
- ~ganTiadis” koSki; d) iordania.
- ~tagaras saxl-muzeumi”;
- ~oqros samkuTxedis” turi; 4. kamboja aris:
- ~cecxlis mfrqveveli drakonis miwa”; a) industriuli qveyana;
- ~saqmiani, cocxali qalaqi”; b) agraruli qveyana;
- ~kulturuli samkuTxedi”; g) agrarul-samrewvelo qveyana;
- ~vefxvis malamos parki”; d) arcerTi pasuxi ar aris swori.
- ~vercxlis Stati”;
- ~malaiziis kulturis akvani”;
- ~Citebis qveyana”;
- ~samefo qveyana”;
- ~bengalelTa qveyana”;
- ~aziis margaliti”;
- ~genocidis muzeumi”.
testebi:
1. samxreT aziis regionSi mdebareobs:

a) saudis arabeTi;
b) indonezia, tailandi, indoeTi;
g) siria;
d) iordania.
2. 1971 wels, Camoyalibda:

a) bangladeSi;
b) filipinebi;
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Tavi 13.
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis CrdiloeT afrikis turistuli
Taviseburebani afrikis qveynebSi potenciali
rogorc VII TavSi avRniSneT, turizmis msoflio or- CrdiloeT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinentis
ganizaciis mier dayofil turistul regionebs Soris yvelaze farTo nawilSi. geopolitikurad igi moicavs
erT-erTi aris afrikis turistuli regioni. afrika de- iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa: egvipte, tunisi, maroko, al-
damiwis erT-erTi kontinentia, romlis farTobic Sead- Jiri, libia, mavritania, sudani da sxva saxelmwifoebi.
gens 30,2 mln kv. km-s, xolo mosaxleoba_ 900 mln kacs
(dedamiwis mosaxleobis 14%). kontinentebs Soris igi
egviptis turistuli potenciali da misi
am maCvenebliT CamorCeba mxolod azias. mas uWiravs
dedamiwis zedapiris 6%, xolo xmeleTis 20,4%. afrika
gamoyenebis Taviseburebani
moicavs mraval klimatur sartyels. es kontinenti
swvdeba CrdiloeTisa da samxreTis zomier sartylebs. egviptis arabuli respublika mdebareobs or _ af-
afrikis regioni iyofa: CrdiloeT, dasavleT, centra- rikis (Crdilo-aRmosavleT regionSi) da aziis (sam-
lur, aRmosavleT da samxreT afrikad. xreT-dasavleT regionSi) kontinentze (sinas naxevar-
1. CrdiloeT afrika mdebareobs afrikis kontinen- kunZulze), romelsac samxeTiT esazRvreba sudani, da-
tis yvelaze vrcel nawilSi. geopolitikurad is moi- savleTiT _ libia, aRmosavleTiT _ israeli da pales-
cavs iseT qveynebs, rogoricaa: egvipte, maroko, alJiri, tina. mas aRmosavleTiT akravs mewamuli zRva, Crdilo-
libia, mavritania, sudani, tunisi da sxva. eTiT _ xmelTaSua zRva. qveynis dedaqalaqia kairo, xo-
2. dasavleT afrikis SemadgenlobaSi Sedis: burkina- lo udidesi qalaqebia _ aleqsandria, al-jiza, Subra
faso, gambia, mali, nigeria, senegali, benini, kot-divua- al-haima, port-saidi da as-suveisi. oficialuri ena
ri, gana, gvinea, mavritia da togo. aris arabuli, egviptis teritoriis farTobia 1,002 mln
3. centralur afrikaSi Sedis: angola, gaboni, kame- km2. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens
runi, kongos demokratiuli respublika, kongo, cen- 77,4 mln kacs. saerTo mSp Seadgens 443,4 mlrd dolars,
traluri afrikis respublika da gvinea. erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 5,89 aTas dolars.
4. aRmosavleT afrikaSi Sedis: tanzania, uganda, mo- misi valutaa egvipturi funti.
zambiki, zambia, zimbabve, komoris kunZulebi, mavriki, egvipte aris Zveli civilizaciis erT-erTi akvani.
seiSelis kunZulebi, kenia, eTiopia, somali, ruanda, ma- am qveynis civilizacia daiwyo Zv. w. aRr-iT V aTaswle-
dagaskari, malavi da sudani. ulSi. egvipturi piramidebi Zvel samefoSi igeboda.
5. samxreT afrika aerTianebs iseT qveynebs, rogori- pirveli piramida iyo joseri, romelic faraon jose-
caa: samxreT afrikis respublika, svazilendi, bostvana, ris sapativcemulod aages. misi simaRlea 60 m. qristes
lesoTo, namibia, iemeni da maiota. Sobamde 5000 wels xmelTaSua zRvis mimdebare terito-
riebidan da palestinidan gadmosaxldnen ucxo tomebi
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da dasaxldnen nilosis sanapiroze SemaRlebul adgi- afrikul da aziur regionebs erTmaneTisagan gamoyofs
las. maT aaSenes dawnuli qoxebi da isini gaxdnen pir- suecis arxi. arxis sigrZea 160 km. igi da akavSirebs
veli egviptelebi. Zvelma egviptem arseboba Sewyvita Zv. xmelTaSua da wiTel zRvebs. suecis arxi mwyrobSi
w. aRr-mde 525 wels. aq Zv. w. aRr-mde 3000 wlis ganmav- Cadga 1869 wels, romlis nacionalizacia moxda 1956
lobaSi sxvadasxva dros cxovrobda da qveyanas mar- wels. egvipteSi turistebs izidavs nilosis xeoba, ka-
Tavda sul 30 dinastia. Tanamedrove egvipte damoukide- taras qvabuli, xelovnuri tba_naseri, kunZuli_ jazi-
beli saxelmwifo gaxda 1922 wlidan. axlo warsulSi raT Sadvani da xmelTaSuazRvis tipis mSrali klimati.
igi awarmoebda oms israelTan, magram 1977 wels am qve- egvipte aris demokratiuli respublika. administra-
yanasTan gaformda samSvidobo xelSekruleba. aman ga- ciulad igi iyofa 29 sagubernatorod (provinciad). sa-
moiwvia egviptis garicxva arabul saxelmwifoTa ligi- gubernatoroebi, Tavis mxriv, iyofian markazebad (rai-
dan. egvipte asrulebs mTavar rols axlo aRmosavleT- onebad), romelTa SemadgenlobaSi Sedis soflebi. eg-
Si arsebuli konfliqtebis samSvidobo mowesrigebis vipteSi aris cxeli, tropikuli, kontinenturi klimati.
sferoSi. aq Zalze mcirea naleqebi. nilosi qveyanas kveTs sam-
egvipte. xreTidan CrdiloeTiT 1500 km manZilze. igi Raribia
floriTa da fauniT. egviptis yvelaze dabali adgilia
katasas dablobi, romelic zRvis donidan 133 m-ze dab-
laa.
egviptis udides bunebriv resurss (tropikuli kli-
matis garda) ganekuTvneba mdinare _nilosi, agreTve sa-
sargeblo wiaRiseuli_navTobi, gazi, fosforitebi,
rkinis madani, manganumi, kirqva, TabaSiri, azbesti,
tyvia da TuTia. ekonomikuri TvalsazrisiT, egvipte ga-
nekuTvneba ganviTarebadi qveynebis ricxvs. qveynis eko-
nomikis ganviTarebis materialur safuZvels warmoad-
gens navTobis, bambis, safeiqro nawarmisa da xilis eq-
sporti, agreTve gemebis tranzitze dawesebuli gadasa-
xadebi, turizmi, sasoflo-sameurneo produqciis eq-
sporti, ucxoeTSi mcxovrebi egviptelebis mier gamomu-
egviptis geografiuli ganlagebis erT-erT umTavres Savebuli Tanxebis samSobloSi gzavnilebi.
Taviseburebas warmoadgens evropas, aziasa da afrikas bolo 40 wlis ganmavlobaSi egvipteSi mosaxleoba
Soris misi satranzito ganlageba. egviptis kontrolis Zalian swrafi tempebiT izrdeba (yovel 7 TveSi erTi
qveS aris suecis arxi, romlis meSveobiTac aq gadis milioniT) mosaxleobis simWidroviT igi mesamea afri-
yvelaze mokle sanaosno gza indoeTis okeanedan xmel- kis kontinentze. mosaxleobis 90% erTgulobs islams,
TaSua zRvaSi. qveynis teritoriis 96% udabnoa. qveynis xolo danarCeni ki qristiania. mosaxleobis 98% cxov-
639 640
robs nilosis dablobze, did qalaqebSi, sadac mosax- aRsaniSnavia, rom egvipte erTaderTi musulmanuri
leobis simWidrovea 1500 kaci erT km2-ze. qveynis mosax- qveyanaa, romelic aqtiuradaa CarTuli turistul sfe-
leobis ricxvis swrafi tempebiT zrdis gamo egvipteSi roSi. es did gavlenas axdens mis ekonomikur mdgomare-
mZafrad dgas umuSevrobis problema, romlis aRmof- obaze. Semosavlebis yvelaze meti wili modis swored
xvrisa da egviptelTa emigraciis Tavidan acilebis am sferoze. kairo erT-erTi ulamazesi qalaqia msof-
mizniT xelisufleba cdilobs ganaviTaros axali dar- lioSi. is warmoadgens arabuli samyaros kulturul
gebi. da komerciul centrs. kairo erT-erTi umsxvilesi qa-
am TvalsazrisiT didi yuradReba eqceva saerTaSo- laqia afrikasa da axlo aRmosavleTSi. igi gaSenebu-
riso turizmis ganviTarebas. turizmTan mimarTebaSi lia nilosis sanapiroze, romelic warmodgenilia ma-
egviptes gaaCnia ori mimzidveli niSan-Tviseba: misi Rali SenobebiT. aq aris saukeTeso sastumroebi, maRa-
tropikul ganedSi ganlageba da Tbili wiTeli zRva, ziebi da restornebi. kairos Tanamedrove centrad iT-
rac evropelebs saSualebas aZlevs am qveyanaSi ~Tbi- vleba al-tahriris moedani. aq aris yvela ZiriTadi
lad” daisvenon zamTris periodSic ki, anu im dros, samTavrobo da arasamTavrobo organizaciis Stab-bina,
roca danarCen qveynebSi xalxi sicivisagan Sewuxebuli- romelTa Soris aRsaniSnavia arabul saxelmwifoTa
a. meore mniSvnelovan Semadgenel komponents warmoad- liga. turistebis yuradRebas iqcevs kairos erovnuli
gens qveynis mdidari istoriul-kulturuli memkvidre- muzeumi, sadac Zveli egviptis faraonebis, berZnul-ro-
oba. mauli periodis saganZuria daculi. 155 aTas eqsponats
egvipteSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio mem- Soris aris faraon tutanxamonis akldamis saganZuri.
kvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi arqiteqturu- al-tahriris moednidan gadis ori quCa _talab-xar-
li Zeglebi, rogoricaa: abu-mena, abu-simbali, gizis bi da kasr-an-nidi, romlebic kairos savaWro arterie-
nekropolisi (samaxsovro obeliski), vadi-al-xitani, bia. igi gamoirCeva bankebisa da turistuli saagentoe-
Tebes nekropolisi, kairo, memfisi, sinas wminda ekate- bis simravliT. kairo warmoadgens sxvadasxva arqiteq-
rines monasteri, egviptis meCeTebi, egviptis muzeumi, turis epoqur nazavs. aq aris meCeTebi, eklesiebi da si-
al-azharis universiteti, egviptis piramidebi da edfus nagogebi. amis paralelurad qalaqi sruliad akmayofi-
taZari. abu-simbali aris naseris tbis dasavleT sanapi- lebs Tanamedroveobis moTxovnebs. aq aris turistebis
roze mdebare ori, kldeSi gamokveTili Zvelegvipturi gasarTobi uamravi saSualeba: kazinoebi, Ramis klube-
taZari. bi, maRaziebi da a. S. egvipteSi popularulia minikrui-
kairos turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs ganekuTvneba: zebi nilosze. nilosis aRmosavleT sanapiroze aris
erovnuli muzeumi tutanxamonis akldamis Zvirfaseu- Zveli qalaqi, romelmac Sua saukuneebis Semdeg mxo-
lobiT, egvipturi muzeumi, islamuri kairo. luqsorSi lod mcire cvlileba ganicada. igi warmodgenilia viw-
mdebareobs iseTi istoriul-kulturuli memkvidreoba, ro labirinTuli quCebiT, bazrebiT, fardulebiTa da
rogoricaa: mefeTa veli, luqsorisa da karnakis taZre- saxelosnoebiT, sadac iyideba suvenirebi turistebis-
bi. asuanSi turistebs izidavs abu-simbelis taZari, xo- Tvis. damsvenebels agreTve ainteresebs uZvelesi cita-
lo sinaiSi ki _ wiTeli zRvis qoraluri baRebi. ideli alebastros meCeTi (XII s.), romelic iTvleba ka-
641 642
iros simbolod. citaidelis mopirdapire mxares aris romauli amfiTeatri. mas aqvs 12 marmarilos terasa.
sulTan hasanis meCeTi (XIVs.) igi erT-erTi saukeTeso igi qmnis naxevarmTvares da egvipteSi am tipis erTa-
qmnilebaa arabul arqiteqturaSi. aqvea papirusis in- derTi nagebobaa.
stituti, sadac daculia suraTebis koleqcia, egviptis kom-el Sukafas katakombebi Sedgeba kldeSi gamokve-
istoriis TematikiT. Tili 3 iarusisagan. bolo iarusi zRvis doneze ufro
egvipte mdidaria istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobebiT: dablaa. aleqsandriaSi aris hidro-biologiuri insti-
maT Sorisaa msoflios 7 saocrebidan erT-erTi_gizas tuti, sadac SeiZleba sxvadasxva jiSis Tevzebis da
piramidebi, romlebic agebulia mZime qvebiT Zv. w. aRr- zRvis binadrebis naxva. aq aris 20-ze meti sastumro,
iT daaxloebiT mesame aTaswleulSi. mas ukavia 5 heqta- mravalferovani satransporto saSualebebi, turistu-
ri. am piramidebs Soris yvelaze didia xeofsis pirami- li saagentoebi, uamravi restornebi, erovnuli da
da (daaxloebiT 150 metris simaRliT), saSualo_ xef- transnacionaluri bankebi. egviptis yofil dedaqalaq-
renis, xolo patara _ mikenis piramida. aqvea sfinqsi, Si_luksorSi daculia uZvelesi egvipturi kulturis
lomis taniTa da faraonis TaviT. es piramidebi moi- didi nawili. aq aris akldamebi, Zveli taZrebi _ arna-
cavs egviptis faraonTa samarxebs. tutanxamonis samar- kis taZari, dedofal_xatSepsutis taZari da tutanxa-
xi, romelic arqeologebma aRmoaCines 1922 wels, Sei- monis akldama. kairos samxreTiT mdebareobs qalaqi
cavs Zveli egvipturi kulturis ZviradRirebul Zeg- asuani, romelic cnobilia aga-xanis mavzoleumiT, abu--
lebs. simbelis taZriT, romelic agebuli iqna 3-5 aT. wlis
turistebs Soris didi popularobiT sargeblobs win faraon ramze II-is dros. misi sigrZea 5 km, simaRle
egviptis uZvelesi qalaqebi_ memfisi da sakara. aleq- _ 111 m, xolo sigane ki _ 1 km. misi moculoba 17-jer
sandria aris sididis mixedviT, rigiT meore, yvelaze aRemateba piramidis moculobas.
msxvili qalaqi egvipteSi. igi mdebareobs kairos Crdi- turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia wiTeli zRva, sufTa
lo-dasavleTiT 225 km-Si. qalaqi daaarsa aleqsandre wyliT da Tbili klimatiT, romelic iTvleba yvelaze
makedonelma Cv. w. aRr-mde 332-331 wlebSi. igi mdidaria Tbil zRvad mTel msoflioSi (wylis temperatura
kulturuli da istoriuli RirsSesaniSnaobiT. el-mon- zafxulobiT aq aRwevs 350-s). am zRvis sanapiroze, mde-
tadis sasaxle aris mefeTa yofili sazafxulo rezi- bareobs prestiJuli kurortebi _xurgada da Sarm-el-
dencia, romelic mdebareobs SemaRlebul adgilze. aqe- Seixi. xurgada mdebareobs suecis yuris sanapiroze. es
dan iSleba aRmosavleT aleqsandrias ulamazesi xedi. kurorti aRmocenda britanel navTobmompovebelTa da-
sasaxlis irgvliv gaSenebulia parki. aq aris berZnul- saxlebis adgilze. aq dasveneba SesaZlebelia mTeli
romauli muzeumi, romelic gaixsna 1897 wels. aq inaxe- wlis ganmavlobaSi. dasvenebis yvelaze popularul sa-
ba 4 aTasamde eqsponati. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas iq- xeobas warmoadgens wyalqveSa curva, daivingi, surfin-
cevs monetebis koleqcia, wiTeli granitisagan damza- gi, wylis TxilamurebiT sriali da a. S. xurgadaSi
debuli 25 metriani pompeis kolona, romelic dgas se- xelsayreli garemoa serfingis moyvarulTaTvis. tu-
rapimis taZris nangrevebSi. igi egviptis erT-erTi um- ristebis garTobis erT-erTi popularuli saxeobaa
niSvnelovanesi Zeglia. kom-el -dekas midamoebSi aris wylis sporti (mag., aseTia wyalqveSa curva samefo ri-
643 644
famde). xurgadidan 20 km-Si mdebareobs el-guna, rome- cnobilia msxvili hidroeleqtrosadgurebiT, rusi sam-
lic erTi mxridan Semortymulia mTebiTa da udabnoe- xedro specialistebis mier damontaJebuli SeiaraRe-
biT, xolo meore mxridan _ lagunebiT. safagas kuror- biT. aq dasvenebis popularul formas warmoadgens
tebi mimzidvelia maTTvis, vinc dainteresebulia wyal- zRvis sananapiroze da udabnoSi moto-jipebiT gaseir-
qveSa samyaroTi. neba. am dros turistebi aTvaliereben beduinebis da-
Sarm-el-Seixi msoflio doneze cnobili kurortia. saxlebas.
xSirad mas uwodeben ~sinas roms”, radganac is mdeba- egvipteSi yvelaze mosaxerxebel transportad iT-
reobs sinas naxevarkunZulis samxreT daboloebaze. vleba sahaero transporti. qveyanaSi aris cnobili ae-
Sarm-el-Seixi egviptis yvelaze ZviradRirebuli ku- roportebi Sarm-el-SeixSi, xurgadaSi, luqsorSi, asu-
rortia, igi gamoirCeva xeluxlebeli bunebiT, ulama- anSi da aleqsandriaSi. egviptis turistuli marketingi
zesi mTebiT da kristalurad sufTa zRviT. kairo aris moicavs Semdeg qveynebs _ ruseTi, germania, italia, di-
udidesi qalaqi (20 mln mcxovrebiT). kairosTvis dama- di britaneTi, poloneTi, ukraina, libia, safrangeTi,
xasiaTebelia komfortuli, prestiJuli sastumroebisa saudis arabeTi da a. S. am qveynebTan egviptes aqvs aq-
da xmauriani aRmosavluri bazris arseboba. kairo mu- tiuri turistuli kavSirebi. yvelaze monaxulebad
sulmanuri aRmsareblobis mniSvnelovani centria, sa- qveynebs Soris egviptes ukavia 23-e adgili. qveynis biu-
dac eqskursiebi Cveulebisamebr iwyeba egviptis muzeu- jetidan turistuli industriis ganviTarebisaTvis yo-
mis daTvalierebiT. aq Tavmoyrilia Zveli egvipturi velwliurad gamoiyofa 40 mln aSS dolari, saidanac
xelovnebisa da damwerlobis istoriuli Zeglebi. igi, mogebis saxiT, iRebs 11 mlrd aSS dolars. egvipte-
egviptis faraonebi dakrZalulia sfinqsis piramide- Si yovelwliurad Cadis saSualod 13 mln turisti.
bis oqroTi moWedil samarxebSi. amitom evropeli dam-
pyroblebis mier gaZarcvuli iqna egviptis mravali tunisisa da marokos turistuli potenciali
Zvirfaseuloba (oqro da vercxli). kairos muzeumi
msoflios erT-erTi yvelaze umdidresi muzeumia. eq- tunisis respublika geografiulad mdebareobs
skursia grZeldeba sfinqsis ~ukvdav” piramidamde. misi xmelTaSua zRvis sanapiroze. CrdiloeT afrikaSi, rom-
msvlelobisas turists agreTve SeuZlia gaecnos wmin- lis mosazRvre qveynebia alJiri da libia. misi dedaqa-
da muhamedis salocav meCeTs. 1 laqia tunisi, xolo udidesi qalaqebia sfaqsi, ariana,
luqsorsa da kenaSi ganxorcielebuli eqskursia sa- tadaman-davar-hiSari. qveynis oficialuri enaa arabuli.
Sualebas aZlevs turistebs gaecnon kacobriobis civi- tunisis teritoriis farTobia 163,6 aTasi km2. 2005
lizaciis sawyisebs. amasTan, xdeba eqskursiebis orga- wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 10,1 mln
nizeba asuanis tropikul kurortzec. britanelma dam- kacs, saerTo mSp _ 97,7 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT
pyroblebma asuani aqcies zamTris kurortad. asuani mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 9,6 aTas aSS dolars. mi-
si valutaa tunisuri dinari. tunisis religia aris is-
1
lami.
www.1001tur.rufirms. turizm.ru/agency/1142.html Развитие международного
туризма.
645 646
tunisi administraciulad dayofilia 24 guberniad. susi, sfaqsi, agreTve iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis
mosaxleobis 97% tuniselia. qveyana flobs navTobs, ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Zeglebi: duga, el-jemis amfiTe-
fosfatebs rkinis madans, tyvias, TuTias da marils. atri, iSqelis tba, karTagenis nangrevebi, kerkuane da
mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi, fosfatebi, safeiqro misi nekropolisi da qalaqi _ tunisi.
nawarmi, xili da Tevzeuli. tunisSi turistebs ainteresebT am qveynis Suasauku-
tunisi. novani istoriuli Zeglebis_ musulmanuri bazrebis,
Tanamedrove kvartalebis da saporto nagebobebis daT-
valiereba. tunisis kulturul memkvidreobas warmoad-
gens islamuri xelovnebis muzeumebi, sadac gamofeni-
lia mxatvruli xelovnebis nimuSebi da sxva RirsSesa-
niSnaobebi. romaelebis mier dangreuli Zveli karTage-
ni Tanamedrove etapze gaxda tunisis gareubani. tuni-
sis turistul oaziss qmnis vrceli da mdidruli ba-
Rebi, palmis xeivani da samkurnalo wyaroebi. tunisis
samxreT raioni warmoadgens adgilobrivi egzotikis
erT-erT mniSvnelovan Semadgenel nawils.
tunisi damsveneblebs sTavazobs samkurnalo-gama-
jansaRebel turizms. ucxoel turistSi didi popula-
tunisisTvis mniSvnelovan istoriul epoqas warmo- robiT sargeblobs gaaxalgazrdavebis programebi. Ta-
adgens Cvens welTa aRricxvamde 146 wels romis imperi- lasoTerapiis centrebi aris gamojanmrTelebis unika-
is Semoseva, qalaqi-saxelmwifos formireba, misi kolo- luri saSualeba, Tbili zRvis wylebis, zRvis talaxi-
niuri daqvemdebareba jer osmalTa imperiis, xolo Sem- sa da wyalmcenareebis kombinaciis gamoyenebiT, rome-
deg ki _ safrangeTis uRelis qveS. tunisi 1880 wlidan lic mdebareobs hamametSi, sousesa da jerbaSi. jan-
iyo safrangeTis kolonia. man damoukidebloba gamo- mrTelobis gaumjobesebaze orientirebuli programebi
acxada 1956 wels. gamiznulia osteoarTritis gansakurnavad, maRali wne-
misi teritoriis mesameds iWers atlasis mTebi. am vis dasaqveiTeblad da stresul daZabulobaTa mosax-
qveynis centralur nawilSi mdebareobs mariliani tba, snelad.
xolo mis samxreT nawilSi gadaSlilia saharis udab- marokos samefo (~Soreuli dasavleTi”) konstituci-
no. bunebrivi pirobebis mixedviT, tunisi SeiZleba mie- uri monarqiis mqone qveyanaa, romelic mdebareobs maR-
kuTvnos xmelTaSua zRvis tipis klimats, rac xels ribis regionis ukiduresi dasavleTiT (CrdiloeT af-
uwyobs am qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebas. tunisSi tu- rika). mas ori mxridan gars akravs xmelTaSua zRva da
ristebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kulturuli memkvid- atlantis okeane. marokos mosazRvre qveynebia alJiri
reobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: tunisis da susis medina, da dasavleTi sahara. marokos dedaqalaqia rabati (1,637
qalaqebi _ kerkuani, akropoli, susi, el-jemi, kairuani, mln kaciT), xolo udidesi qalaqebia: kasablanka, fesi,
647 648
marakeSi, agadiri da tanja. am qveynis oficialuri enaa 1912 wlidan marokoze gavrcelda safrangeTis proteq-
arabuli. misi teritoriis farTobia 446,55 aT. km2. 2007 torati. qveyanam damoukidebloba moipova 1956 wels.
wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 33,8 mln Tumca espaneTi kvlav akontrolebs seutisa da meli-
kacs, saerTo mSp _ 152,5 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mo- liis portebs.
saxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 4,6 aT. dolars. misi valu- maroko mdebareobs atlantis okeanis sanapirosTan,
taa dirhami. qveynis religia aris islami. atlasis mTebis dasavleTiT da saharis udabnos Crdi-
maroko. lo-dasavleT mxareSi. administraciulad qveyana dayo-
filia 37 provinciad da 2 saqalaqo prefeqturad. maro-
ko mTiani qveyanaa. am qveyanaSi aris xmelTaSua zRvis
subtropikuli klimati. zafxuli mSralia (temperatu-
ra +24-280C), xolo zamTari ki_notio (temperatura +10-
120C). tyes uWiravs teritoriis 12%. marokos bunebriv
resursebs ganekuTvneba fosfatebi, rkina, manganumi,
tyvia, TuTia, Tevzi, kobalti, spilenZi, qvanaxSiri, mar-
marilo, marili. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs fosfatebi, sa-
suqebi, mineralebi, xili, Tambaqo da Tevzis qilebi.
marokoSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio mem-
kvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi istoriul-
kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: aiT-
ben-hadu, el-jadida, es-suveira, voliubilisi, Tetuani,
marakeSi, meknesi, fes-el-bali, fesi da hasan II-is meCe-
Ti. Tavisi geografiuli mdebareobis gamo, marokom sa-
ukuneebis ganmavlobaSi SeinarCuna TviTmyofadoba, ga-
marokos teritoriaze uZvelesi droidan cxovrob- naviTara mdidari kultura, romelSic asaxva hpova ara-
dnen libileTa tomebi. Zv. w. aRr-iT I aTaswleulis bulma, berberulma, evropulma da afrikulma elemen-
bolos aq finikielebma daaarses koloniebi. Zv. w. aRr- tebma.
iT II saukunidan igi iyo jer romis, Semdeg bizantiis ukanasknel wlebSi marokom Tavisi ekonomikis ganvi-
(Cv. w. aRr-iT VI s.-Si), bolos arabebis (VII_VIII ss-Si) Tarebis strategiad dasaxa saerTaSoriso turizmi. am
zegavlenis qveS. amitom qveyanaSi arabuli ena da isla- qveyanaSi SesaZlebelia dasvenebis egzotikur saxeoba-
mi gavrcelda. XIX saukunidan marokos teritoria oku- Ta formireba da kurortebze mkurnaloba. marokos tu-
pirebuli iyo safrangeTisa da espaneTis mier. 1859 ristuli centrebia agadiri, rabati, marakeSi, fesi,
wels am qveyanam ukuagdo espaneTis uReli. 1901 wels meknesi, kasablanka da es-suveira. agadiri Tanamedrove
safrangeTma marokoSi Seiyvana jarebi. am qveynisaTvis kurortia, romelic savsea erTgvari aRmosavluri ko-
brZolaSi, espaneTTan erTad, Caeba germania da inglisi. loritebiT. wlis ganmavlobaSi 300 mziani dRe, plaJe-
649 650
bi, mwvane evkaliptebi da finikis palmebi aq izidavs nia da mali, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _ nigeri, xolo
uamrav turists. am kurortze daavadebulTa mkurnalo- CrdiloeTiT ki_xmelTaSua zRva. alJiris teritoriis
ba efuZneba iodiT gamdidrebuli wylis gamoyenebas. farTobia 2,4 mln km2, romlis 80% udabnos ukavia. misi
rabati marokos momxibvlelobis simboloa. misi dedaqalaqia alJiri, xolo udidesi qalaqebia _ orani,
ganlagebis specifikuroba gamoixateba imaSi, rom quCe- konstantini, batna da anaba. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT,
biTa da skverebiT daqselili ubnebi mTlianobaSi wri- alJirSi cxovrobs 34,89 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens
uli formisaa. es qalaqi erTian sistemaSi aqcevs mis 253 mlrd dolars, erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT _ 8,1
warsulsa da awmyos. marakeSi, romelic daarsda 1062 aT. dolars. qveynis valutaa alJiruli dinari.
wels, gaxveulia xaverdovani myinvarebis Tovlian bu- alJirma safrangeTisgan damoukidebloba miiRo 1962
rusSi. marakeSis kurortis sulieri faseuloba aisaxe- wels. administraciulad qveyana dayofilia 48 vilae-
ba jemaa-el-fnas xeivanSi. turistebma aq SeiZleba da- Tad. 1950-ian wlebSi alJirSi aRmoCenil iqna navTobisa
aTvalieron egzotikuri atraqcionebi, galiaSi Casmu- da gazis sabadoebi, romlis eqsporti xdeba safrangeT-
li gvelebi, momajadoebeli ferebis frinvelebi da sa da italiaSi. navTobis da gazis garda, qveyana
ulamazesi cxovelebi. fesi iTvleba arabuli kultu- flobs rkinis madans, fosfatebs, urans, tyviasa da Tu-
ris margalitad. es qalaqi aRsavsea sicocxliT da igi Tias. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi, bunebrivi airi,
mudmiv moZraobaSia. damTvaliereblebs aq SeuZliaT zeTisxili da Rvino.
yvela kuTxeSi Sexvdnen mcire saxelosnoebsa da savaW- alJirSi ucxoel turistebs izidavs Semdegi isto-
ro mwkrivebs. meknesi mimzidvelia turistebisaTvis Ta- riul-kulturuli memkvidreobis Zeglebi: alJirSi_ qa-
visi arqiteqturiT. kasablanka aris uZvelesi istorii- laqis Zveli ubani, antikuri da Zveli istoriis muzeu-
sa da tradiciebis mqone saporto qalaqi. hasan II-is me- mi, oranSi _ beni-hamad-alkalas naqalaqari, didi meCe-
CeTi warmoadgens Tanamedrove msoflios erT-erT ula- Ti da citadeli, mzabis velis fortifikaciebi, finiki-
mazes Senobas. es-suveira savsea aromatuli tyeebiT. es uri, romauli da bizantiuri qalaqebis nangrevebi, ag-
aris wiTeli xis damamuSavebel xelosanTa qalaqi. am reTve iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi
masalisagan damzadebuli aveji Zalze ZviradRirebu- Setanili Zeglebi: kasba (qalaqi), mzabi, tasilin-ajeri,
lia. timgadi, tipasa, yala-beni-hamadi da jemilas kompleqsi.
arabul kulturasa da tradiciebSi gauTviTcnobie-
alJiris turistuli potenciali rebel turistebs, romelTac turistuli saagentoebi
sTavazoben alJirsa da dasavleT saharaSi dasvenebas,
alJiris saxalxo-demokratiuli respublika mdeba- ukvirT Tu ra unda moinaxulon iq. politikuri Tval-
reobs CrdiloeT afrikaSi, romelic sididiT xmelTa- sazrisiT, mSfoTvare alJirSi mogzauroba Tanamedrove
Sua zRvisa da afrikis kontinentis pirveli da msof- etapze SeiZleba dakavSirebuli iyos msoflios yvela-
lios meaTe qveyanaa. mas Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT esazR- ze did udabnoSi _ saharaSi eqstremaluri turizmis
vreba tunisi, aRmosavleTiT _ libia, dasavleTiT _ma- ganviTarebasTan.
roko, samxreT-dasavleTiT _ dasavleT sahara, mavrita-
651 652
sahara msoflioSi udidesi qviSiani udabnoa (9 mln robis dros iWeren gamorCeul, RirsSesaniSnav siuJe-
km2-is farTobiT), romelic mdebareobs CrdiloeT afri- tebs. es ar aris advili saqme da arc es xalxia ubra-
kaSi. saharis udabno 2,5 mln wlis win aRmocenda da, lo personali. isini ~uSveben” turistebs TavianT
gaudabnoebis uwyveti procesis gamo, misi farTobi ga- cxovrebaSi.
nuxrelad izrdeba. saharis udidesi nawili uwylo da gaudabnoeba erTi SexedviT globaluri ekologiu-
usicocxloa. aq zafxuli cxeli (temperaturiT 500C) ri problemaa, magram misganac SeuZlia adamians miiRos
da mSralia. dRisiT papanaqebaa, RamiT_yinavs. wliuri garkveuli sargebeli. es aris eqstremaluri turizmi.
naleqi 100 mm-ia. zogierT adgilSi wvima saerTod ar swored ekonomikuri saqmianobis es saxeoba warmoad-
modis mTeli wlis manZilze. aq aris Zlieri, xangrZli- gens im erT-erT elements, romlis wyalobiTac udabno
vi qarebi. gardaisaxeba sikeTed da dgeba adamianTa keTildReo-
saharis udabnos yofen aRmosavleT, dasavleT da bis samsaxurSi. dedaqalaqi mdebareobs atlantis okea-
centralur nawilad. saharis gavliT gadis saqaravne nis ulamazes sanapiroze. es aris qalaq_marselis sana-
gza, sadac aq mogzaur eqstremal turistebs mowyobi- piros zolis sarkisebuli gamosaxuleba. alJirelebi
li aqvT droebiT Ramis gasaTevi da Sesasvenebeli ad- isveneben ulamazes erovnul parkebSi, romlebic garSe-
gilebi. udabnos sxvadasxva adgilSi SemorCenili, qveb- mortymulni arian tropikuli tyeebiTa da feradi yva-
ze amotvifruli zogierTi naxati daTariRebulia Cv. w. vilebiT.
aRr-mde 8 000 wliT, e. i. iTvlis 10 000 welze mets. maT
Soris uZvelesia veluri cxovelebi _ spiloebi, Jira- dasavleT afrikis turistuli
febi, behemotebi da antilopebi.
potenciali
saharis teritoriaze wyali cotaa. damSralia mdi-
naris kalapotebi, romelic wyliT ivseba mxolod Zli-
dasavleT afrikis farTobia 5 mln km2, romelSic
eri, xangrZlivi wvimebis dros. aqvea patara tba _gel-
Sedis 16 qveyana_benini, burkina-faso, kot-divuari, gam-
ti, romelic ikvebeba wvimis wyliT da miwisqveSa wya-
bia, gana, gvinea, gvinea-bisau, mavritia, nigeri, nigeria,
roebiT. yoveli turisti, romelic midis saharas udab-
senegali, siera-leone da togo. es regioni mimzidve-
nos dasaTvaliereblad, Tavisdauneburad icvlis ier-
lia saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
saxes. amis Semdeg maT xelaxla uCndebaT survili
siT, radgan is aerTianebs saerTo istoriis, msgavsi
kvlav ganmartovdnen sakuTar TavTan. sahara mogzaurTa
kulturuli Rirebulebebis, socialur-ekonomikuri maC-
mxarea. misi moqalaqeebi erT adgilze ar cxovroben.
veneblebis da problemebis mqone, kolonializmisgan
isini dResac karavebSi aTeven Rames da erTi adgili-
gaTavisuflebul axalgazrda qveynebs. maTi umravleso-
dan meoreSi gadaadgildebian aqlemebis meSveobiT. miu-
ba koloniuri warsulis mqone agraruli qveyanaa. bri-
xedavad amisa, turizmi aq sameurneo saqminobis erT-er-
tanuli da franguli kolonializmis dacemis Semdeg,
Ti Tanamedrove sferoa, romelSic mamakacebi dasaqme-
dasavleT afrikis SemadgenlobaSi Semovida am regio-
bulni arian mZRolebad, gidebad, Sejibrebis monawile-
nis mravali qveyana. isini Camoyalibdnen politikurad
ebad, damwevebad da a.S. es adamianebi saharaSi mogzau-
653 654
damoukidebel afrikul saxelmwifoebad, magram maT flobs Tevzs, fosfatebs da rkinis madans. misi ekono-
cxovrebaSi warmoiqmna sxva, bevrad ufro mwvave prob- mikis safuZvels warmoadgens meTevzeoba, samTo-mompo-
lemebi. afrikis am nawilis bevri qveynisaTvis damaxasi- vebeli mrewveloba da soflis meurneoba. senegali
aTebelia ekonomikuri da politikuri arastabiluroba. aris mTel msoflioSi araqisis umsxvilesi mimwodebe-
maTi umravlesoba mravalerovnulia. zogierT raionSi li. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs Tevzis produqtebi, qimika-
grZeldeba eTnikur dajgufebebs Soris Setakeba. xSi- tebi da fosfati. senegali 1895 wlidan iyo safrange-
rad xdeba xelisuflebaTa cvla. aseTi viTareba iwvevs Tis kolonia. man damou-kidebloba gamoacxada 1960
siRaribis gaRrmavebas. maT umravlesobaSi mosaxleobis wels.
erT sulze gaangariSebiT mTliani Sida produqcia Se- senegali.
adgens mxolod ramdenime aseul dolars weliwadSi. am
qveynebis susti ekonomika ver umklavdeba CrdiloeTi-
dan saharis Semotevas. gaudabnoeba warmoadgens am re-
gionis mwvave problemas. yovelive es iwvevs imas, rom
xelsayreli bunebrivi pirobebis (okeanis sanapirosa
da xelsayreli klimatis) arsebobis miuxedavad, saer-
TaSoriso turizmi aq atarebs ganuviTarebel xasiaTs.
senegalis turistuli potencialis

amoqmedebis gzebi
senegalis respublika mdebareobs dasavleT af-ri-

kaSi atlantis okeanis sanapiroze, romlis mosazRvre
dasavleT afrikis sxva saxelmwifoebTan Sedare-
qveynebia mavritania, mali, gvinea, gvinea-bisau da gambi-
biT, saerTaSoriso turizmi SedarebiT ufro ganviTa-
a. misi teritoriis farTobia 196,7 aT. km2. senegalis
rebulia senegalSi, sadac turistebs izidavs iuneskos
dedaqalaqia dakari, xolo udidesi qalaqebi aris tie-
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi
si da kaolaki. 205 wlis mdgomareobiT misi mosaxleo-
istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebi, rogoricaa: juja
ba Seadgens 11,7 mln kacs, (senegalis respublika mrava-
frinvelebis erovnuli parki, kunZulebi_il-de-gore,
lerovania). qveynis saerTo mSp Seadgens 20,5 mlrd do-
sen-luisi, niokolo-kobis da xalumis deltis erovnu-
lars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki_ 1,76
li parkebi. 1673 wlidan 1960 wlamde (damoukideblobis
aTas dolars. misi valutaa afrikuli franki. saxel-
mopovebamde) qveynis dedaqalaqi iyo sen-luisi. mas sa-
mwifo ena aris franguli, xolo religia ki aris is-
erTaSoriso cnobadobas aniWebs yovelwliuri saavto-
lami.
mobilo Sejibri (ralli) _ parizi-dakaris marSrutiT.
senegalis buneba warmodgenilia savaniT. adminis-
aqvea sofel vasausis muzeumi, romelic warmodgenilia
traciulad qveyana dayofilia 14 regionad. qveyana
655 656
1,2 metriani simaRlis mqone qvis wreebiT. es qvebi Sed- amisa, mizanSewonilia aq Camosuli turisti aecras ma-
geba 4 jgufisagan, romelic warmoadgens 1000-ze meti lariis winaaRmdeg.
monumentis gansacvifrebel koncentracias. igi ganfeni-
lia md. gambiis gaswvriv 350 km-ze. gambiis, malis respublikisa da
erovnul parkebSi damsvenebelma SeiZleba daaTva- burkina-fasos turistuli potenciali
lieros spiloebi, Jirafebi, xarebi da behemotebi. daka-
ridan ramdenime aTeuli kilometris daSorebiT, at- gambiis respublika mdebareobs dasavleT afrikaSi,
lantis okeanis sanapiroze mdebareobs saukeTeso saku- romelsac CrdiloeTiT, samxreTiTa da aRmosavleTiT
rorto raionebi _ lez-almandi da Sali. aq ganviTare- esazRvreba senegali, xolo dasavleTiT ki atlantis
bulia sastumroTa qseli, romelTa servisis xarisxi okeane. misi dedaqalaqia banjuli, xolo udidesi qala-
Seesabameba 2-dan 5-mde ~varskvlavs”. dakaris istoriu- qia serekunda. gambia iyo didi britaneTis kolonia.
li RirsSesaniSnaobis saxiT, ~mRelvare sanapiros” gax- amitom mis oficialur enas warmoadgens inglisuri.
senebis mizniT, formalurad aRdgenilia monebiT vaW- qveynis teritoriis farTobia 10,38 aTasi km2. 2005 wlis
robis bazari. aqedan afrikelebs gahyavdaT monebi samu- mdgomareobiT, qveyanaSi cxovrobs 1,5 mln kaci, saerTo
Saod amerikis plantaciebSi. senegalis CrdiloeTiT mSp Seadgens 3,1 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosax-
mdebareobs qveynis uZvelesi qalaqi: sen-luisi_pirveli leze gaangariSebiT ki _ 2 aTas dolars. misi valutaa
evropuli dasaxleba dasavleT afrikaSi. qalaqSi Se- dalasi. oficialuri religiaa sunituri islami.
narCunebulia didi odenobiT koloniuri stilis Zveli gambiis respublika.
nagebobebi, rac iTvleba adgilobriv RirsSesaniSnao-
bad. senegali cnobilia lamazi plaJebiT. igi iTvleba
saukeTeso sanapirod afrikaSi.
turistebisaTvis eqskursiebis organizeba xdeba se-
negalis sxva RirsSesaniSnaobebSic: unikalur bunebaSi,
vardis tbaSi _ marilis maRali koncentraciiT (daax-
loebiT 350 gr yovel litraze); mTel msoflioSi mo-
nebis saxliT cnobil mTis kunZulze, savanSi, agreTve
flamingos koloniebis samkurnalo adgilebSi da a. S.
senegalSi ulamazesi Tevzebia. zRvis sanapiroze qveya-
naSi imarTeba Sejibri TevzaobaSi. meTevze-turistebs
gambia Sedis erTa TanamegobrobaSi. administraciu-
Soris sWarbobs frangebi. amasTan erTad, senegalSi
lad qveyana dayofilia 5 provinciad da dedaqalaqad.
arsebobs iseTi raionebic, sadac adgili aqvs separa-
gambiis teritoria brtyeli vakea zRvis donidan 100 m-
tistul qmedebebs (ar arsebobs usafrTxoeba). tropiku-
ze, romelsac kveTs wyaluxvi mdinare_gambia. aq hava ek-
li daavadebebis gavrcelebis saSiSroeba senegalSi
ufro mcirea, vidre sxva afrikul qveynebSi. miuxedavad vatorulia. haeris temperatura meryeobs 23-270C-is far-
657 658
glebSi. mcenareul safarSi sWarbobs savaneebi, marad- vleli zRvaze. qveynis CrdiloeTiT iwyeba saharis
mwvane tropikuli tyeebi. bunebrivi resursebis ukmari- udabnos teritoria. administraciulad qveyana dayofi-
soba da soflis meurneobis ganviTarebisaTvis SezRu- lia 8 provinciad da 1 (dedaqalaqis) raionad.
duli baza gambias xdis msoflios erT-erT uRaribes malis respublika.
saxelmwifod.
banjuli daaarses ingliselebma 1816 wels, rome-
lic gambiis sididiT meoTxe qalaqia. 1965 wlidan igi
aris qveynis dedaqalaqi. es qalaqi gaSenebulia kun-
Zul_ sent-merize, mdinare gambiis SesarTavTan, romel-
sac gaaCnia sazRvao navsadguri. aqedan turistebi miem-
gzavrebian atlantis okeanis sanapiros plaJebze mosax-
vedrad. banjulis SedarebiT cnobil RirsSesaniSnao-
bas warmoadgens bazari _ albert-marketi, romelic
iTvleba afrikis kontinentis sanapiros erT-erT sauke-
Teso bazrad. qveyanaSi arsebobs saerTaSoriso donis
kurortebi: bakai, fajara, kotu da kiololi. aq gaSene-
bulia pirveli klasis sastumroebi da wylis sportis
saxeobaTa centri. am qveyanaSi mgzavrobis dokumentaci-
iT uzrunvelsayofad saWiroa turistma mimarTos didi
britaneTis sakonsulos ganyofilebas.1
malis respublikaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos
malis respublika mdebareobs dasavleT afrikaSi,
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili iseTi
romelsac Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT esazRvreba alJiri,
Zeglebi, rogoricaa: bandiagara (500 m simaRlisa da 150
samxreT-aRmosavleTiT_burkina-faso da nigeri, samxre-
km sigrZis qviSa-qvis kldeebi), mwvervali _ hombori--
TiT_kot-divuari, samxreT-dasavleTiT_ gvinea da sene-
tondo, askias saflavi, jenes didi meCeTi, qalaqebi_-
gali, xolo Crdilo-dasavleTiT ki_ mavritania. qvey-
tombuqtu da jene. Tavisi arqeologiuri, eTnologiuri
nis dedaqalaqia bamako, oficialuri enaa franguli,
da geologiuri maxasiaTeblebis gamo, bandiagara yve-
teritoriis farTobia 1,24 ml km2. 2007 wlis mdgomare-
laze STambeWdavi istoriuli Zeglia dasavleT afrika-
obiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 11,99 mln kacs, saer-
Si. jenes didi meCeTi talaxis aguriT nagebi udidesi
To mSp_ 14,4 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
Senobaa msoflioSi da igi mraval arqiteqtorTa mier
gaangariSebiT ki _ 1,15 aTas dolars. misi valutaa ma-
miiCneva mniSvnelovani islamuri zegavlenis mqone su-
liuri franki. malis respublika dasavleT afrikis er-
danur-saheliuri arqiteqturuli stilis udides miRwe-
T-erTi umsxvilesi qveyanaa, magram mas ara aqvs gasas-
vad. es meCeTi mdebareobs mdinare _ banis deltaze. am-
1 www.ocean.net/международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ, Чехия.
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Jamad igi warmoadgens afrikis erT-erT yvelaze gan- saerTo mSp _ 16,8 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosax-
Tqmul RirsSesaniSnaobas. leze gaangariSebiT ki _ 1,28 aTas aSS dolars. misi va-
malis teritoriaze moedineba afrikis erT-erTi um- lutaa franki.
sxvilesi mdinare_nigeri, romelic, udabnos didi te- burkina-faso warsulSi cnobili iyo zemo voltas
ritoriebis arsebobis pirobebSi, warmoadgens patara saxelwodebiT. igi ganekuTvneba msoflios naklebadgan-
oaziss qveyanaSi. mdinare nigerze xdeba kruizebis or- viTarebuli qveynebis ricxvs da xasiaTdeba mosaxleo-
ganizeba gemebiT, romelic agebuli iqna evropelebis bis mravalerovnuli SemadgenlobiT. aq cxovrobs daax-
mier 1920-ian wlebSi. bamako awydeba Warbmosaxleobis, loebiT 100-ze meti eTnikuri jgufi. maTgan yvelaze
da amis Sedegad_garemos dacvis, problemas. dedaqala- mravalricxovan ers warmoadgens moeis sazogadoeba. is
qidan ramdenime aseuli kilometris daSorebiT mdeba- Seadgens mosaxleobis 50%-ze mets. eTnosebis simravle
reobs erovnuli parki _ baule, romelic erT-erTi qmnis ganumeorebel erovnebaTaSoris kolorits, rome-
mcirericxovani mwvane safaris mqone teritoriaa malis lic vlindeba mravalferovani, lamazi tansacmlis sim-
danarCen gaudaburebul teritoriebTan SedarebiT. am ravleSi, erovnul samzareuloTa kerZebis did mraval-
qveynis sxva turistul RirsSesaniSnaobad SeiZleba ferovnebasa da mravalricxovan tradiciebSi. burkina--
miCneuli iqnes tombuqtus imperiis moCuqurTmebuli me- fasos mcirericxovan RirsSesaniSnaobebs Soris turis-
CeTebi. ramdenime aseuli wlis win tombuqtu da jene tebis dainteresebas iwvevs qalaq _ bobo-diulasoSi
iTvlebodnen afrikis am nawilis yovlisSemZle qalaqe- moeis samefos aRmavlobis periodi.
bad. savaWro marSrutebis gadakveTaze maTi geografiu- burkina-faso.
li ganlageba xels uwyobda am qalaqebis ayvavebas. mo-
vaWreebi aq iRebdnen udides mogebas oqros, spilos
Zvlebisa da marilis gadatanis Sedegad, magram Tanda-
TanobiT vaWroba aq ganicdida sistemur dacemas. Sesa-
bamisad, qalaqi _ tombuqtu daRaribda. igi gaivso gau-
dabnoebis Sedegad warmoqmnili qviSiT. malis xalxTa
tradiciuli xelovnebis Sedevria Zveli skulpturebi
da niRbebi, romelic mzaddeba spilos Zvlebis, oqros,
tyavisa da bewveulisagan.
burkina-faso mdebareobs dasavleT afrikaSi, ro-
melsac CrdiloeTidan esazRvreba malis respublika,
aRmosavleTidan _ nigeri, samxreTidan_ benini, togo
da gana, dasavleTidan_ kot-divuari, qveynis dedaqala-
qia uagadugu, oficialuri enaa franguli. burkina-fa-
sos teritoriis farTobia 274,2 aT. km2. 2005 wlis
mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 13,2 mln kacs,
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nigeriis turistuli potenciali nigeriis ekonomikis safuZvels warmoadgens navTo-
bis mopoveba. is Sedis msoflios umsxvilesi navTob-
nigeriis federaciuli respublika mdebareobs da- mompovebeli qveynebis ricxvSi. qveyana flobs bunebriv
savleT afrikaSi, romelsac esazRvreba nigeri, Cadi, airs, navTobs, kalas, rkinis madans, qvanaxSirs, kirqvas,
kameurni da benini. misi farTobia 923,7 aTasi km2, deda- tyvias da TuTias. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs navTobi, ka-
qalaqi _ abuja, xolo udidesi qalaqebia lagosi, kano, kao, palmis zeTi, kauCuki da bamba. politikuri arasta-
ibadani, kaduna, port-harkurti da benini. 2009 wlis mo- bilurobis gamo, nigeriis ekonomika ganagrZobs damux-
nacemebiT, nigeriaSi cxovrobs 154,7 mln kaci, saerTo ruWebiT ganviTarebas. es exeba saerTaSoriso turiz-
mSp Seadgens_191,4 mlrd dolars, erT mosaxleze gaan- msac. xelsayreli bunebrivi pirobebis miuxedavad, sa-
gariSebiT ki _1,5 aT. dolars. misi valutaa naira. ofi- erTaSoriso turizmma qveyanaSi mainc ver hpova farTo
cialuri enaa inglisuri, religia ki _islami, qristia- gavrceleba.
noba da animizmi. nigeriaSi turistebs izidavs sukuris kulturuli
administraciulad qveyana iyofa 36 Statad da 1 fe- peizaJebi, mdinare _ nigeri da Cadis tba, agreTve iu-
deralur qalaqad. aq klimati tropikuli da ekvatoru- neskos msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi _ osun-osogbo
lia. mosaxleobis raodenobisa da mravalerovnulobis da sukuris kulturuli landSafti. osun-osogbo aris
mixedviT, is afrikis umsxvilesi qveyanaa, sadac cxov- osunis Statis qalaq _ osogbos SemogarenSi, mdinare
robs 250 saxeobis eTnikuri jgufi. nigeriis mravale- osunis sanapiros gaswvriv mdebare wminda tye. aq yo-
rovnuloba aris daZabulobisa da konfliqtebis war- velwliurad imarTeba osun-osogbos festivali, rom-
moqmnis ZiriTadi mizezi. lis aRsaniSnavad uamravi momlocveli modis. am tyes
nigeria. gaaCnia globaluri mniSvneloba da kulturuli Rire-
buleba.
sukuris kulturuli landSafti mdebareobs nigeri-
is Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, romelic iTvleba
kulturuli landSaftis TvalsaCino nimuSad. igi ga-
moirCeva hidis sasaxleebiT, daterasebuli mindvrebiTa
da saukuneTa manZilze ucvleli soflebiT. sukurSi
SeRweva TiTqmis SeuZlebelia. Sesabamisad aq turizmis
ganviTareba SezRudulia. terasebi gamoiyeneba ritua-
lebisTvis.
abuja nigeriis dedaqalaqi gaxda 1991 wlis 12 de-
kembers, romelic mdebareobs yofili dedaqalaqis la-
gosis CrdiloeTiT, 800 km. manZilze. lagosi saporto
qalaqia, romelic mdebareobs nigeriis samxreT-dasav-
leT nawilSi. lagosSi nigerias aqvs afrikis yvelaze
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didi porti. igi aris qveynis komerciuli da industri- xolo TiToeuli provincia ki iyofa raionebad (vilai-
uli centri. lagosSi transportis moZraoba gadatvir- ebad). sul aseTi 69 vilaiaa. vilaiebi, Tavis mxriv, iyo-
Tulia. qalaqSi bevri sxva problemacaa: sacxovrebeli fian taarafebad. am qveyanaSi sul 497 taarafaa. taara-
farTis simcire, saxlebis wyliT momaragebis problema febi iyofian 2427 dasaxlebad. nairobi atarebs adminis-
da a. S. nigeriis erT-erT unikalur bunebriv Zegls Se- traciuli provinciis statuss. fizikur-geografiuli
iZleba ganekuTvnos joes plato, romelic warmoadgens maCveneblebis mixedviT, kenia Sedgeba ramdenime zonisa-
veluri bunebis mqone gorakebs da ferdobebs. gan. qveyana, hairobi-mombasis saavtomobilo da sarki-
nigzo gzebiT, iyofa dasavleT da aRmosavleT nawile-
bad.
keniaSi klimati tropikulia. sanapiro raionebSi is
aRmosavleT afrikis turistuli potenciali cxeli da teniania. qveynis SigniT is gadadis mSralSi.
uxvnaleqiani Tveebia marti, maisi, oqtomberi da noembe-
aRmosavleT afrikaSi Sedis iseTi saxelmwifoebi, ri. miuxedavad amisa, am TveebSi temperatura mainc ma-
rogoricaa: kenia, tanzania, uganda, mozambika, komoris Ralia. am qveyanaSi gauaresebuli garemo did safrTxes
kunZulebi, seiSelis kunZulebi, mavriki, zambia, eTiopi- uqmnis endemuri jiSis florisa da faunis SenarCune-
a, somali, ruanda, mala-vi da sudani. bas. keniis zegani erT-erTi yvelaze warmatebuli sa-
soflo-sameurneo regionia mTel afrikaSi. qveyana
keniis turistuli potenciali flobs oqros, kirqvas, sodas da marils. mas saeqspor-
tod gaaqvs Cai, yava, xili, bostneuli da navTobpro-
keniis respublika mdebareobs aRmosavleT afrikaSi, duqtebi.
indoeTis okeanis sanapiroze, romelsac kveTs ekvato- kenia.
ri. misi mosazRvre qveynebia: CrdiloeTiT_eTiopia,
Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT _ somali, samxreTiT_tanzania,
dasavleTiT_uganda da tba _ viqtoria, xolo Crdilo--
dasavleTiT ki _sudani. misi dedaqalaqia nairobi, xo-
lo udidesi qalaqebia mombasa da nakuru. keniis ofi-
cialuri enaa inglisuri da suhaili. qveynis teritori-
is farTobia 580,4 aT. km2. 2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi
mosaxleoba Seadgens 39 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 48,3
mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSe-
biT ki _ 1,44 aTas dolars. misi valutaa keniuri Si-
lingi.
keniam britaneTisagan damoukidebloba moipova 1963
wels. is administraciulad dayofilia 7 provinciad,
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keniaSi turistebs izidavs iseTi istoriul-kultu- laramde gazrda. turizmis ganviTareba SeiZleba gax-
ruli memkvidreobis Zeglebi, rogoricaa: vasko, gamas des keniis tradiciuli agraruli specializaciis ga-
kolona malindaSi (XVI s.); iesos forti mombasaSi dafasebis mizezi, romelic turizmis ganviTarebamde
(XVI s.); sibilois erovnuli parki da mTa _keniis bu- Sromis saerTaSoriso danawilebaSi cnobili iyo, ro-
nebrivi tye. keniis Crdilo-samxreTi regioni aris qvey- gorc sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis _ yavis, Cais,
nis yvelaze lamazi mxare. mas amSvenebs tbebi, romel- brinjis, mzesumzirisa da sxva produqciis mwarmoebe-
Ta sanapiroebic garSemortymulia msoflioSi yvelaze li da eqsportiori qveyana.
didi flamingos vardebis mwkrivebiT. es mxare gadadis nairobi aris aRmosavleT afrikis yvelaze didi qa-
savaneSi, romelic gamoiyeneba, rogorc dasvenebis sa- laqi, romelsac gaaCnia mTeli rigi RirsSesaniSnaobe-
Sualeba. turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, kenia bi: erovnuli muzeumi, gveliseburi ferma da a. S. nai-
pirvel rigSi, cnobilia erovnuli parkebiT (masai-mara, robi iTvleba afrikis yvelaze lamaz qalaqad. aqve un-
ambo-seli, cavo). masai-maras erovnuli parki warmoad- da aRiniSnos, rom afrikul qveynebSi mogzauroba ar
gens serengetis (tanganias) erovnuli parkis gagrZele- aris usafrTxo, infeqciur daavadebaTa xSiri da masob-
bas. erT-erT RirsSesaniSnav sanaxaobas, romelic SeiZ- rivi gavrcelebis gamo. 1999 wlidan moyolebuli kenia-
leba daaTvalieros turistma ambo-selis erovnul par- Si malariis epidemiam moicva qveynis yvela raioni da
kSi, esaa udidesi moedani, sadac cxovrobs 600-700 spi- qalaqi. e. w. `mTis malariiT” daavadda daaxloebiT 100
lo. aq turistebi ecnobian afrikis florisa da fau- aTasi adamiani. am tipis malariisagan avadmyofis mkur-
nis iSviaT jiSebs. cavo aris keniis yvelaze didi naloba SesaZlebelia mxolod ZviradRirebuli wamle-
erovnuli parki, romelic ikavebs 21 aT. km2 farTobs. bis gamoyenebiT, radganac tradiciuli saSualebebi mis
kenia flobs veluri bunebis uzarmazar rezervebs. am winaaRmdeg uZluria.
qveynis erovnul parkebsa da dacul teritoriebze tu-
rists SeuZlia daaTvalieros florisa da faunis iS- tanzaniis turistuli potencialis
viaTi jiSebi. realizaciis gzebi
afrikaSi Casuli yoveli turistis ocneba aris
vulkanuri warmoSobis mTis _ kilimanjaros (5895 m) tanzaniis gaerTianebuli respublika mdebareobs
umaRles mwvervalze aRweva, romlis zeda nawili we- aRmosavleT afrikaSi, indoeTis okeanis sanapiroze,
liwadis oTxive sezonze dafarulia mudmivi TovliT. romlis mosazRvre qveynebia kenia, uganda, ruanda, bu-
es mTa mdebareobs keniisa da tanzaniis sazRvarze. ki- rundi, kongos demokratiuli respublika, zambia, mala-
limanjaros bunebrivi kompleqsi, simaRlis mixedviT, vi da mozambiki. misi teritoriis farTobia 945 aTasi
cvlian erTmaneTs. turizmis perspeqtiul saxes kenii- km2. qveynis dedaqalaqia dodoma, xolo udidesi qalaqe-
saTvis warmoadgens ekologiuri turizmi. ase mag., zo- bi ki aris dar-es-salami, mvanza, zanzibari da morogo-
gierTi Sefasebis Tanaxmad, ekologiuri turizmis gan- ro. 2006 wlis mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Sead-
viTarebam keniaSi gamoiwvia mogzaurobisaTvis xelsay- gens 37,8 mln kacs saerTo mSp_27,12 mlrd aSS dolars,
reli yovel heqtari miwis fasis 0,8 dolaridan 40 do- xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 750 aSS do-
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lars. am qveynis valutaa tanzaniuri Silingi. tanzani- zanzibarze mdebare qvis qalaqi. songo-mnara aris tan-
is saxelmwifo enaa inglisuri, xolo misi religiaa zaniis kunZul_songos CrdiloeT nawilSi mdebare ar-
animizmi (44%), islami (17%) da qristianoba (14%). qeologiuri Zegli. kilva-kisivanis cixesimagresTan er-
XIX saukuneSi tanzania iyo agraruli nawarmis Tad 1981 wels igi iuneskom Seitana msoflio memkvid-
msxvili mimwodebeli. adre es qveyana iyo britaneTis reobis ZeglTa siaSi. zanzibari aris tanzaniis naxev-
kolonia, xolo 1961 wlidan man miiRo damoukidebloba. radavtonomiuri regioni, romelic Sedgeba 2 didi da
tanzania administraciulad dayofilia 25 regionad. mi- mravali mcire kunZulisagan. kilimanjaros erovnuli
si umaRlesi mwvervalia kilimanjaro, xolo udidesi parki mdebareobs tanzaniis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT. tan-
tba ki aris viqtoria. tanzania flobs iseT resursebs, zaniaSi turistebs izidavs agreTve selusisa da seren-
rogoricaa hidroenergia, kala, fosfatebi, rkinis mada- getis erovnuli parki. ngorongoros daculi terito-
ni, qvanaxSiri, almasi, qvebi, oqro, bunebrivi airi da ria iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Sei-
nikeli. mas saeqsportod gaaqvs yava, bamba da saneleb- tanes 1979 wels. serengeti maspinZlobs nadirTa umsxvi-
lebi. qveynis ekonomika mniSvnelovan doneze aris damo- les nakadebs. igi erT-erTia aT bunebriv saocrebaTa-
kidebuli sasoflo-sameurneo kulturebis eqsportze. gan msoflioSi. regionSi ramdenime erovnuli parki da
tanzania. nadirTa nakrZalia.
tanzanias gaaCnia yvelaze didi sanapiro aRmosav-
leT-afrikul qveynebs Soris. igi, iseve rogorc am re-
gionis sxva qveynebi, pirvel rigSi, cnobilia Tavisi
erovnuli parkebiT (serengeti, ngoro-ngoro da sxvebi).
serengeti tanzaniis yvelaze didi parkia. igi gaSenda
1950-ian wlebSi da ikavebs 15 aTas km2 miwis farTobs,
romelic iwvevs turistebis mxridan mniSvnelovan dain-
teresebas. es imiT aris gamowveuli, rom am parkSi bi-
nadrobs aTasobiT gareuli cxoveli, gansakuTrebiT
antilopebi. swored maT dasaTvaliereblad Camodian
turistebi am parkSi. ngoro-ngoros erovnuli parki
mdebareobs Camqrali vulkanis 20 km diametrisa da
zRvis donidan 2,5km simaRlis mqone uzarmazar krater-
tanzaniaSi turistebs izidavs iuneskos msoflio ze.1 qveyanaSi viTardeba sazRvao turizmic. tanzaniis
memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi Setanili Semdegi istori- sanapiroze aris lamazi plaJebi. gansakuTrebiT popu-
ul-kulturuli Zeglebi: kilva-kisivani, kilimanjaros larulia sazRvao kurorti _ tanga, sadac aris mrava-
erovnuli parki, kondoas kldis mxatvroba, ngorongo- li wyaro da ulamazesi peizaJebi.
ro, selusis erovnuli parki, serengetis erovnuli
parki, songo-mnaras nangrevebi, stou-tauni da kunZul _ 1 www. ocean.net/ международный туризм, Израиль, ОАЭ,Чехия.
669 670
ugandis turistuli potenciali da misi umagrebda da iaraRiT amaragebda erTis mxriv _ sabWo-
gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi Ta kavSiri, xolo meores mxriv ki_ CineTi. am partiebsa
da dajgufebebs Soris mimdinareobda SeiaraRebuli
ugandis respublika mdebareobs aRmosavleT afrika- konfliqtebi. mravalgzis moxda samxedro gadatriale-
Si, romelsac ar aqvs gasasvleli okeaneze. mas aRmo- ba da samoqalaqo revoluciebi. politikurma areulo-
savleTiT esazRvreba kenia, CrdiloeTiT_sudani, dasav- bebma Seiwira 100 aTasobiT adamianis sicocxle da dev-
leTiT_kongos demokratiuli respublika, samxreT-da- nilad aqcia milionobiT adamiani. samoqalaqo omi aq
savleTiT _ ruanda, xolo samxreTiT ki_ tanzania. mi- gagrZelda 1962 wels erovnuli damoukideblobis miRe-
si dedaqalaqia kampala. oficialuri enaa suahili da bis Semdegac. uwyveti konfliqtebi, cxovrebis mZime pi-
inglisuri. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 236 aTasi km2. robebi da SimSiloba gaxda imis mizezi, rom aq mosax-
2009 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 32,4 leobis sicocxlis saSualo xangrZlivoba yvelaze da-
mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 52,9 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo balia mTel msoflioSi: mamakacebi cocxloben saSua-
erT mosaxleze mSp ki _ 1,6 aTas aSS dolars. qveynis lod 49 wels, qalebi _ 50 wels. 1986 wlidan politi-
valutaa ugandis Silingi. ugandelTa 42% kaTolikea, kuri partiebi SeizRuden TavanT saqmianobaSi. ugandaSi
42% _ protestanti, xolo danarCeni ki aris islamiste- modian ltolvilebi sudanidan, kongodan, ruandidan
bi. da somalidan.
uganda. qveynis samxreT sazRvarSi moqceulia tba _ viqto-
rias mniSvnelovani nawili, saidanac iRebs saTaves
msoflios yvelaze grZeli mdinare _ nilosi. ugandaSi
aris ekvatoruli klimati. qveynis samxreT regionebi
ufro wvimiania, xolo CrdiloeT mxare ki _ gvalviani.
tba viqtoria qveyanas icavs temperaturis xSiri cvli-
lebisagan. administraciulad uganda dayofilia 80
olqad da 4 regionad. olqebi, Tavis mxriv, dayofilia
soflebad da qalaqebad. ugandis ekonomikuri mdgoma-
reoba mZime iyo aTwleulebis ganmavlobaSi, rac gamo-
iwvia Sida konfliqtebma da politikurma daZabulobam.
qveyana mdidaria nayofieri miwebiT, navTobis, gazis,
spilenZisa da kobaltis sabadoebiT. qveynis wamyvani
dargia momsaxureba da soflis meurneoba, saeqsportod
mas gaaqvs yava, romelic uzrunvelyofs saxelmwifo
ugandas gaaCnia dramatuli istoria. 1894_1920 wleb-
Semosavlebis udides nawils.
Si qveyana imarTeboda gaerTianebuli samefos mier.
kampalaSi dgas msoflios 7 bahais samlocvelodan
1920-iani wlebis Semdeg aq sxvadasxva partiebs zurgs
erT-erTi. uganda kulturulad mravalferovania. aq Se-
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saZlebelia sportul RonisZiebaTa organizeba fexbur- gaangariSebiT ki _ 1,1 aT. dolars. misi valutaa mozam-
TSi, kriketSi, ragbSi, avtosrbolasa da hokeiSi, rasac bikis metikali.
Tan axlavs SejibrebaSi monawile sportsmenebisa da mozambiki upiratesad aris agraruli qveyana, rome-
sportis moyvaruli turistebis Camosvlac. dedamiwis lic adre iyo portugaliis kolonia. mis sanapiroebs
ekvatorze ganlagebis wyalobiT uganda iTvleba ~afri- portugaliurma xomaldebma ~baskom” da ~gamma” miadga
kis margalitad”. qveynis yvelaze lamazi da cnobili jer kidev 1498 wels. 1962 wels frelimos SeiaraRe-
RirsSesaniSnaobaa erovnuli parkebi, sadac binadrobs bulma (mozambikis ganmaTavisuflebelma) Zalebma gamar-
msoflioSi SemorCenili 600-mde gorila. ugandas bu- Ta omi portugaliel kolonizatorebTan, rac 1975
nebriv RirsSesaniSnaobas warmoadgens agreTve merCin- wels damTavrda qveynis damoukideblobis mopovebiT.
sonis CanCqeri, romelzec agebulia didi kaSxali. aq 50 maputu daarsda XVIII saukunis bolos portugaliis mi-
metris simaRlidan wyali ecema qveviT, rac qmnis msof- er dapyrobil adgilze. qalaqis RirsSesaniSnaobebs
lios ulamazes CanCqers. Soris aRsaniSnavia bunebrivi istoriis muzeumi da vag-
dedofali elizabedis erovnuli parki mdebareobs zali, romelic daproeqtebuli da agebuli iqna pariz-
ekvatorze qveynis Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi. sxvadas- Si cnobili koSkis proeqtis avtoris, arqiteqtor ei-
xvagvaria parkis cxovelTa samyaro: spiloebi, xarebi, felis monawileobiT. mozambikSi turistebi ZiriTadad
Waobis Txebi, wiTelkudiani maimunebi da sxva. parki moemgzavrebian lamaz plaJebze dasasveneblad. es pla-
agreTve cnobilia aq binadari sxvadasxva saxis frinve- Jebi mdebareobs tofus, langoSes, lurnosa da bara--
liT. am parkSi cxovrobs frinvelTa daaxloebiT 500 falsas raionebSi. mozambiki cnobilia erovnuli par-
saxeoba: arwivebi, yvavebi da a. S. ugandas sxva RirsSe- kebiT da TviTmyofadi afrikuli kulturiT (skulptu-
saniSnaobebs Soris gamoirCeva viqtorias tba _ mtknari rebiT, freskebiTa da musikiT).
wylis erT-erTi umsxvilesi rezervuari msoflioSi. mozambika.
mozambikis turistuli potenciali
mozambikis respublika mdebareobs afrikis konti-

nentis samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, romelsac aRmo-
savleTidan esazRvreba indoeTis okeane, CrdiloeTidan
_tanzania, Crdilo-aRmosavleTidan_zambia da malavi,
dasavleTidan _zimbabve, xolo samxreTidan ki_ sam-
xreT afrikis respublika da svazilendi. am qveynis de-
daqalaqia maputu, oficialuri religiaa portugaliu-
ri. misi teritoriis farTobia 801,6 aT. km2. 2009 wlis
monacenebiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 22,9 mln kacs,
saerTo mSp_24 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
673 674
komoris kunZulebis turistuli kunZulebze mokle qvedaweliT Cacmuli mandilosani
mimzidveloba aRmoCndeba policiis ganyofilebaSi.
komoris kunZulebi 2002 wlamde cnobili iyo komo- komoris kunZulebi.

ris kunZulebis federaciul-islamuri respublikis sa-
xeliT, xolo mas Semdeg am qveynis oficialuri saxel-
wodebaa komoris kunZulebis kavSiri (mas sxvagvarad
komoris gaerTianebasac uwodeben). igi mdebareobs in-
doeTis okeaneSi, mozambikis srutis CrdiloeTiT. am
qveynis dedaqalaqia moroni. misi teritoriis farTobia
2,235 aTasi km2. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveynis mo-
saxleoba Seadgens 798 aT. kacs, saerTo mSp_1 mlrd
dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _1,66
aT. dolars. misi valutaa komoris franki. oficialu-
ri enebia Sikomori, arabuli da franguli. komoris
oficialuri religiaa islami. XIX saukunis Sua xane-
bamde kunZulze ZiriTadad saxlobdnen mezRvaurebi.
Semdeg kunZulebze erTmaneTis miyolebiT gamoCdnen ev- seiSelis kunZulebisa da mavrikis
ropis, aziis da arabTa gemebi, radganac es kunZuli turistuli potenciali
iyo sasursaTo maragebis SevsebisaTvis yvelaze xel-
sayreli adgili. 1869 wels, suecis arxis gaxsnis Sem- seiSelis respublika (romelic cnobilia seiSelis
deg, indoeTidan evropaSi umoklesi gza gavida wiTeli kunZulebis saxelwodebiTac) mdebareobs indoeTis oke-
zRvis gavliT. anis dasavleT nawilSi, kunZul _ madagaskaris Crdi-
komori vulkanuri warmoSobis kunZulia, sadac tu- loeTiT da ekvatoridan _ samxreTiT. misi dedaqalaqia
ristebs dasaTvaliereblad izidavs moqmedi vulkani_- viqtoria, oficialuri enebia seiSelis kreoli, fran-
karTala, romlis simaRlea 2361 m. komoris kunZulebze guli da inglisuri. am qveynis teritoriis farTobia
aris unikaluri veluri buneba, romlisTvisac damaxa- 455 km2. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Se-
siaTebelia mTiani landSafti. aq binadrobs iSviaTi adgens 80,7 aTas kacs, saerTo mSp_1,4 mlrd dolars,
jiSis frinvelebi da cxovelebi. islamuri tradiciebi, xolo erT mosaxleze _17,8 aT. dolars. misi valutaa
romelic kunZulebze damkvidrda jer kidev Sua sauku- seiSelis rupie.
neebis droidan vlindeba ulamazesi, Zveli meCeTebis seiSelis kunZulebis istoriaSi bevri saidumloa,
arqiteqturaSi, agreTve xmaurian aRmosavlur bazrebSi. romelic datoves misma aRmomCenma mekobreebma. am qvey-
qveyanaSi moqmedebs garkveuli akrZalvebi. mag., komoris nis mosaxleoba Sedgeba mekobreebisagan, TeTrkaniani
675 676
dampyrobeli kolonizatorebisagan, Savkaniani monebisa mavrikis respublika aris kunZulovani saxelmwifo,
da indieli movaWreebisagan. afrikis sanapirodan seiSe- romelic mdebareobs indoeTis okeanis samxreT-dasav-
lis kunZulebi daSorebulia 1600 km-iT. masSi Sedis leT nawilSi, afrikis kontinentis samxreT-aRmosavle-
100-mde kunZuli, romelTagan dasaxlebulia mxolod 33. TiT, madagaskaridan 900 km-Si. misi dedaqalaqia port-
maT Soris yvelaze didi kunZulia _ mae, sadac mdeba- lui, oficialuri enebia inglisuri da franguli. qvey-
reobs qalaqi viqtoria da saerTaSoriso donis aero- nis teritoriis farTobia 2,04 aT. km2. 2007 wlis mdgo-
porti. porti_viqtoria daarsda 1841 wels, romelsac mareobiT, misi mosaxleoba Seadgens 1,264 mln kacs, sa-
inglisis dedoflis sapativcemulod uwodes es saxe- erTo mSp 16 mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze
li. igi warmoadgens sawvavis Sesavseb bazas afrikidan gaangariSebiT 13,7 aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa mav-
indoeTisaken mimavali xomaldebisaTvis. viqtoriaSi ar rikis rupie.
arsebobs samsarTulianze maRali Senoba, raTa ar ga- mavrikis respublika.
fuWdes qalaqis lamazi peizaJi.
seiSelis kunZulebi.
mavrikis kunZulebi aRmoaCines jer kidev X saukuneSi

arabma mogzaurebma, romelsac isini ~vercxlis kunZu-
turizmis ganviTarebuli industriis pirobebSi bu-
lebad” moixseniebdnen. es kunZulebi XVI saukunemde
nebam aq SeinarCuna Tavisi pirveli saxe. mxolod am
dausaxlebeli iyo. XVI saukunis dasawyisSi aq Camosax-
kunZulebze binadroben iSviaTi jiSis frinvelebi (maT
ldnen portugalielebi. 1598 wels igi daipyres holan-
Soris Savi TuTiyuSi). indoeTis okeanis wylebSi bev-
dielebma, 1715 wels _frangebma, xolo 1810 wels ki_in-
ria zRvis binadari. kunZul maheze mdebareobs ingli-
gliselebma. mavrikielebi ganuwyvetliv ebrZodnen ev-
suri arqiteqturis stilSi agebuli, mTel msoflioSi
ropel dampyroblebs. 1945-1968 wlebSi imZlavra damou-
yvelaze patara (24,2 aT. mcxovrebiT) dedaqalaqi _ viq-
kideblobisaTvis brZolam. sabolood mavrikis respub-
toria.
likam erovnuli damoukidebloba miiRo 1968 wlis 12
marts.
677 678
savleTiT ki mas esazRvreba mozambiki da svazilendi.
qveynis mTavari kunZulia mavriki (1,865 aTasi km2 misi dedaqalaqia pretoria, xolo udidesi qalaqebi ki
farTobiT). mavrikis kunZulebi vulkanuri warmoSobi- aris iohanesburgi, keiptauni, durbani da port-eliza-
saa. aq hava tropikulia. qveyana sakmaod uxvnaleqiania bedi. qveynis oficialuri enebia afrikansi da inglisu-
(2500-5000 mm). mTaSi SemorCenilia xSiri tropikuli tye- ri. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 1,22 mln km2. 2008
ebi, fauna gamoirCeva endemuri saxeobebiT. gansakuTre- wlis monacemebiT, qveynis mosaxleoba Seadgens 44 mln
biT mravalferovania frinvelTa samyaro. mavrikis kun- kacs, saerTo mSp _468 mlrd dolars, xolo erT mosax-
Zulebze turistebs izidavs port-lui, romelic daar- leze gaangariSebiT_10,6 aT. aSS dolars. misi valutaa
sda 1735 wels. man qalaqis wodeba miiRo 1966 wlidan, randi.
romlis farTobia 148 km2. xolo mosaxleoba ki Seadge- samxreT afrikis respublikis samxreT-aRmosavle-
na 147,8 aT. kacs. am qveyanaSi turistebi Camodian plaJ- TiT Sida teritoriaze mdebareobs saxelmwifo anklavi
ze dasasveneblad, erovnuli parkebis dasaTvaliereb- _ lesoTos samefo. qveyanas samxreTiT da samxreT-aR-
lad, iaxtebsa da katerebze gasaseirneblad, daivingisa mosavleTiT aqvs farTo gasasvleli indoeTis okeane-
(wyalqveSa curvisa) da Rrma wyalSi saTevzaod. Si, xolo dasavleTiT ki _ atlantis okeaneSi. samxreT
afrikis respublika administraciulad dayofilia 9
provinciad. misi teritoriis udides nawils ikavebs ma-
Rali vake _plato. qveynis CrdiloeT sazRvrebi gauyve-
samxreT afrikis turistuli potenciali ba meCxrad dasaxlebul udabnoebisa da naxevarudabno-
ebis raionebs. am qveyanaSi aris wyaluxvi mdinareebi_
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mxriv, sam- oranJi, limpopo, tba _ sent-lusia, princ-eduardis
xreT afrika SedarebiT axalgazrda, dinamiurad ganvi- kunZulebi. samxreT afrikis respublikaSi klimati zo-
Tarebadi regionia. aq turizmis ganviTarebis mixedviT mieri da Tbilia. ekonomikurad igi SedarebiT ganviTa-
SedarebiT popularul qveynebs warmoadgens samxreT rebuli qveyanaa afrikis kontinentis farglebSi.
afrikis respublika, namibia, zimbabve, svazilendi. bot- samxreT afrikis respublikas gaaCnia savaWro mar-
svana, lesoTo, iemeni da maiota. Srutebis ganviTarebis perspeqtiva, ramac xeli Seuwyo
qveynis ekonomikur aRmavlobas. am saxelmwifos ekono-
samxreT afrikis respublikis turistuli mikuri ganviTarebis ZiriTad faqtors warmoadgens bu-
potenciali nebrivi resursebi: oqro, qromi, qvanaxSiri, rkinis ma-
dani, manganumi, nikeli, fosfatebi, kala, urani, almasi,
samxreT afrikis respublika mdebareobs afrikis platina, spilenZi, vanadiumi, marili da bunebrivi airi.
kontinentis ukidures samxreT nawilSi, samxreT naxe- samxreT afrikis respublika Rvinis msxvili mwarmoebe-
varsferos tropikul da subtropikul ganedebSi, roli qveyanaa. aqedan Rvinis eqsporti xorcieldeba 50-ze
melsac Crdilo-dasavleTiT esazRvreba namibia, Crdi- met qveyanaSi. aq mTavroba xels uwyobs Rvinis damzade-
loeTiT _ botsvana da zimbabve, xolo Crdilo-aRmo- bas. qveyanaSi Camoyalibebulia Rvinis damamzadebeli
679 680
regionebi, romlis saxelwodeba miTiTebulia etiketze. aT cxovelebze _ Jirafze, Sav martorqasa da antilo-
etiketi aRniSnavs, rom yurZeni, romlisganac aris dam- paze. am qveyanaSi aRsaniSnavia miwisqveSa marSutebi,
zadebuli Rvino, moyvanilia Sesabamis teritoriaze. sa- romelic popularulia speleologebs Soris. es marSu-
ukeTeso samxreT afrikul Rvinos etiketze gaaCnia Se- tebi agebulia kongos da sidvalas gvirabebSi, sadac
sabamisi meurneobis samarko niSani, romlis arqonac kargad aris Semonaxuli pirvelyofil adamianTa naxa-
imas niSnavs, rom Rvino dabalxarisxiania. qveyanas saeq- tebi.
sportod gaaqvs oqro, liToni, almasi da kvebis pro- pretoria kompaqturi da mowesrigebulia. dedaqa-
duqtebi. laqSi turistebs emsaxureba sastumroebi, restornebi,
samxreT afrikis respublika gamoirCeva usazRvro kafeebi da gasarTobi centrebi. qveynis RirsSesaniSnao-
mravalferovnebiT. aq aris tomis beladebi, rabinebi, bebs Soris aRsaniSnavia pirveli prezidentis sasaxle,
regbistebi, emigraciidan dabrunebuli revolucionere- eklesiis moedani da operis Senoba. pretoriaSi aris
bi. erT quCaze muSaoben tradiciuli eqimbaSebi da sa- almasebis moqmedi maRaro. kalinanis muzeumSi turis-
birJo brokerebi. erTmaneTis gverdiT dgas qoxmaxebi tebs SeuZliaT gaecnon almasebis dublikatebs. sainte-
da feSenebeluri sra-sasaxleebi. aq turistebs izidavs resoa is, rom turistebisTvis mTavar qalaqad iTvleba
marionis kunZulebi. ara pretoria, aramed kontinentis erT-erTi megapolisi
samxreT afrikis respublika Zalian saintereso ko- _iohanesburgi, romelic aris qveynis saqmiani, indus-
lorituli qveyanaa, romelic araCveulebrivad mimzid- triuli da finansuri centri. turistebSi dauviwyar
velia misi specifikurobiT. ferweruli landSaftebisa STabeWdilebas tovebs am qalaqis panorama.
da veluri bunebis mravalferovnebiT, igi turistebSi turistebs Soris Zalian popularulia Ria cis qveS
imsaxurebs yvelaze did yuradRebas. samxreT afrikis mdebare gold-rif-sitis muzeumi, sadac turists SeuZ-
respublikaSi turistebs SeuZliaT Sexvdnen metistebs, lia gaiaros Zvel quCebze, daaTvalieros rekonstrui-
Cinelebs, indoelebs, ingliselebs da evropis sxva rebuli saxlebi. iohanesburgidan daaxloebiT 200 km-Si
qveynebidan Camosul emigrantebs. bolo periodSi es arqiteqtorebma, mxatvrebma da mSeneblebma Seqmnes nam-
qveyana gansakuTrebiT popularuli gaxda samxreT naxe- dvili oazisi, romelic Sedgeba xelovnuri kldeebisa
varsferos turistebisTvis. turizmis saxeebs Soris am da tropikuli tyeebisagan. es gasarTobi kompleqsi
qveyanaSi yvelaze dinamiurad viTardeba ekologiuri msoflio mniSvnelobisaa, romelic turistebs sTava-
turizmi. aq arsebuli mravali parki saSualebas aZ- zobs praqtikulad SeuzRudav SesaZleblobebs kargi
levs turistebs daaTvalieron cxovelTa samyaro. drois gasatareblad. aq turistebi ecnobian cixe-simag-
am qveynis buneba SeiZleba daiyos ramdenime sartye- reebs, romelic unda CaiTvalos msoflios merve saoc-
lad. savanis sartyeli moicavs kriugeris saxelobis rebad. is garSemortymulia tropikuli tyeebiT, sadac
nacionalur parks, sadac binadrobs 137 saxeobis ZuZum- xarobs daaxloebiT milioni egzotikuri mcenare. aq
wovari cxoveli (kameCebi, spiloebi, leopardebi, lome- didi raodenobiTaa CanCqerebi da Sadrevnebi, ferweru-
bi, Jirafebi da a. S.). afrikis sa-mxreTi Zalian popula- li monumentebiTa da Zveli taZrebiT. es yvelaferi ipy-
rulia nadirobis mxriv. aq akrZalulia nadiroba iSvi- robs turistebis yuradRebas.
681 682
Zalian bevri saintereso ram eliT turistebs dur- turistidan daaxloebiT 60%-ma arCevani gaakeTa erov-
baneSi, romelic popularulia Tavisi aRmosavluri nul parkze an nakrZalze. qveynis mniSvnelovani far-
bazriT, plaJebiT da a. S. aq turistebisaTvis arsebobs Tobi da sxvadasxva saxis bunebriv-klimaturi zonis
uamravi eqskursiuli programebi didi popularobiT arseboba saSualebas aZlevs qveyanas ganaviTaros sar-
sargeblobs eqskursia Rvinis raionebSi, sadac aris kinigzo turizmi. samxreT afrikaSi didi popularobiT
daaxloebiT Rvinis 4 aTasi ferma. samxreT afrikis sargeblobs matarebliT mgzavroba, romelic gadakveTs
respublikaSi turistebs izidavs hominidebis nasaxla- mTel qveyanas_ pretoriidan keiptaunamde. aq SeiZleba
rebi sxvadasxva provinciebSi; sent-lusias da draken- ganviTardes sxva turistuli marSutebic.
bergis parkebi, agreTve am qveyanaSi mdebare iuneskos
msoflio memkvidreobis Zeglebi _ drakonis mTebi, vre- zimbabves respublikis turistuli
defortis krateri, isimangalisos parki, kapis floris- RirsSesaniSnaobani
tuli regioni, kacobriobis akvani, mapungubves kultu-
ruli landSafti, riCtersveldi da robeni (kunZuli). zimbabves respublika (~qvis saxli”) mdebareobs sam-
kapis floristul regionSi sakmaod warmatebiTaa gan- xreT afrikaSi mdinare zambezsa da limpopos Soris,
viTarebuli eko-turizmi. 2004 wlidan is Setanilia romelsac samxreTiT esazRvreba samxreT afrikis res-
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi. publika, dasavleTiT _ botsvana, Crdilo-dasavleTiT-
samxreT afrikis respublikis samTo-mompovebeli _zambia, aRmosavleTiT _ mozambiki. misi dedaqalaqia
saqmianobis istoriam Seqmna Taviseburi turistuli harare. oficialuri enaa inglisuri, qveynis teritori-
RirsSesaniSnaobebi. ase mag., qalaq-muzeum _ keiptaunis is farTobia 390,8 km2. 2008 wlis mdgomareobiT, misi mo-
centrSi Zvirfasi qvebis maZieblebma aages msoflioSi saxleoba Seadgens 13,3 mln kacs, saerTo mSp _ 2,2
saukeTeso xarisxis almasis mompovebeli yvelaze didi mlrd aSS dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSe-
maRaro, romelic miwaSi CaSvebulia TiTqmis erTi ki- biT ki _ 188 aSS dolars. misi valutaa zimbabvis do-
lometris siRrmeze. dabal fasad gasayid almass tu- lari.
ristebi aq SeiZleba Sexvdnen yoveldRe ~yvela fexis zimbabve mdebareobs msoflioSi spilenZis mompove-
nabijze”. amitom maT SeuZliaT mcireodeni Tanxis ga- bel, yvelaze msxvil sabadoebs Soris. am qveyanaSi tu-
daxdis SemTxvevaSi gaxdnen msxvili almasis mflobe- ristebs izidavs qveynis CrdiloeTiT mdebare veluri
lebi. bunebis nakrZali _mana-pulsi, romelic gaformebulia
samxreT afrikis respublikaSi bevri nakrZali, erovnul parkad. regionSi mravali cxovelia, ramac es
erovnuli parki (mag., kriugeris parki), araCveulebrivi, mxare gadaaqcia, sportuli nadirobis TvalsazrisiT,
sxvadasxvagvari peizaJebi, udabnoebi da mTebia. sanapi- afrikaSi yvelaze cnobil teritoriad. es nakrZali
ros mimdebare teritoriaze ganlagebulia sazRvao ku- mdinaris sanapiroebiT, kunZulebiT, qviSiani tborebiTa
rortebis umravlesoba, romelTa ganviTarebis ZiriTad da baobabis tyeebiT, warmoadgens samxreT afrikis gan-
mimarTulebas warmoadgens ekologiuri turizmi. 1997 viTarebul erovnul parks. mana-pulsi 1984 wlidan Se-
wels samxreT afrikis respublikaSi Camosuli 6 mln
683 684
tanilia iuneskos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa sia- vaWrebisaTvis oqros mopovebis wyaros). harare aris
Si. zimbabves kulturuli da industriuli centri. am re-
zimbabves respublika. gionis sxva qveynebis msgavsad, zimbabve, saerTaSoriso
turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, cnobili aris
erovnuli parkebiT, viqtorias CanCqeriTa da karibis
tbiT.
namibiis turistuli potencialis gamoyenebis

gzebi
namibiis respublika aris samxreT afrikaSi mdebare

saxelmwifo, romelsac CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba ango-
la, aRmosavleTiT _botsvana, samxreT-aRmosavleTiT _
samxreT afrikis respublika, xolo dasavleTiT ki
_atlantis okeane. misi dedaqalaqia vindhuki, oficia-
matobos erovnuli parki mdebareobs zimbabves sam- luri enaa inglisuri. misi teritoriis farTobia 825,4
xreTiT, matobos granitis borcvebis SuagulSi, xeebiT aTasi km2. 2005 wlis mdgomareobiT, am qveyanaSi cxov-
dafarul xeobaSi. granitis borcvebi dafarulia riyis robs 1,82 mln kaci, saerTo mSp Seadgens 15,14 mlrd aSS
qvebiTa da mcenareebiT. parki moicavs ulamazes peiza- dolars, xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 7,48
Jebs, kldeebs da STambeWdav xedebs. parki warmoadgens aTas aSS dolars. misi valutaa namibiuri dolari.
sportuli nadirobis teritorias. viqtoria aris mdina- namibiis respublikaSi ganviTarebulia samTo-mompo-
re zambezze mCqefare CanCqeri, romelsac es saxeli vebeli mrewveloba (uranis mompovebeli sabado). qvey-
ewoda didi britaneTis dedoflis _ viqtorias sapativ- nis bunebriv-klimatur Taviseburebas gansazRvravs at-
cemulod. es CanCqeri afrikis erT-erTi mTavari Rir- lantis okeanis sanapiroze mdebare namibis udabno. ga-
sSesaniSnaobaa, romelic 1989 wels Seitanes iuneskos udabnoebis procesi dakavSirebulia qveynis sanapiroze
msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi. zimbabves kul- gamavali haeris civi masebis denadobasTan, romelsac
turul simdidres ganekuTvneba uZvelesi samxreT afri- ar moaqvs naleqi. namibias xSirad axasiaTeben rogorc
kuli qalaqis nangrevebi _didi zimbabve, Tanamedrove ~saerTo turizmis” qveyanas. 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi
zimbabves teritoriaze mdebare Zveli qalaqis nangreve- xelisuflebis mier SemuSavebuli ambiciuri gegmebis
bi\ _ xami (es nangrevebi amJamad warmoadgens zimbabves Sesabamisad, adgilobriv TviTmmarTvelobebs daevalaT
erovnul monuments, romelic 1986 wels Seitanes iunes- sakuTar Tavze aeRoT sasoflo-sameurneo savargulebis
kos msoflio memkvidreobis ZeglTa siaSi), butuas sa- daraionebis, velur bunebaSi monawileobis, mraval-
mefo (romelic warmoadgenda arabi da portugalieli mxrivi gamoyenebis teritoriebze turizmis warmarTvisa
da nakrZalebis gaSenebis iuridiuli pasuxismgebloba,
685 686
xolo Semdeg ki am proeqtebis realizaciidan mieRoT svazilendis samefo.
finansuri sargebeli.
namibia.
svazilendis teritoriaze dawyebuli preistoriuli

periodidan adamiani mudmivad saxlobda. dReisaTvis
svazilendis mosaxleobis 90% afrikuli svazis erov-
nebisaa, romlebic aq imigrirdnen samxreT afrikis te-
ritoriebidan. qveynis dasavleTiT klimati zomieria,
svazilendis samefos turistuli Tumca dablobSi temperaturam SeiZleba miaRwios 400C-
sac. aq zafxuli ZiriTadad wvimiania. svazilendis te-
RirsSesaniSnaobani
ritoriis sigrZe CrdiloeTidan samxreTiT aris 200 km,
xolo aRmosavleTidan dasavleTiT ki 130 km. qveynis
svazilendis samefo aris mozambiks da samxreT af-
dasavleT nawili mTiania, xolo aRmosavleTi ki _ dab-
rikis respublikas Soris mdebare patriarqaluri mo-
lobi. lobamba svazilendis sakanonmdeblo dedaqala-
narqiis mqone patara qveyana, romelsac aRmosavleTiT
qia, sadac aris parlamenti da dedoflis rezidencia.
esazRvreba mozambiki, xolo misi mTeli danarCeni sa-
svazilendSi ganviTarebulia samTo-mompovebeli
sazRvro perimetri warmoadgens anklavs samxreT afri-
mrewveloba (azbestis, marmarilos, rkinis, oqrosa da
kis teritoriaze. qveynis dedaqalaqia mbabane, udidesi
almasis mopoveba). adgilobrivi ekonomikis mniSvnelo-
qalaqia manzini, oficialuri enebia svati da inglisu-
van Semadgenel nawils warmoadgens sasoflo-sameurneo
ri. qveynis teritoriis farTobia 17,36 aTasi km2. 2005
warmoeba. ZiriTad mcenareul kulturas warmoadgens:
wlis mdgomareobiT am qveyanaSi cxovrobs 1,032 mln ka-
Saqris lerwami, simindi, mzesumzira, citrusi, Tambaqo
ci. misi saerTo mSp Seadgens 2,8 mlrd aSS dolars,
da araqisi. iseTi Tanamedrove kurortebis ararseboba,
xolo erT mosaxleze gaangariSebiT ki _ 2,7 aTas aSS
rogoric aqvs magaliTad, mezobel samxreT afrikis
dolars. misi valutaa lilangeni.
687 688
respublikas, ganpirobebulia qveynis patriarqaluri egvipteSi turistebs izidavs msoflios 7 saocrebidan
wyobiT. magram es viTareba kompensirdeba veluri bune- erT-erTi_gizas piramidebi, romlebic agebulia mZime
biT. qvebiT. maT Soris yvelaze didia xeofsis piramida, sa-
svazilendSi turistebs izidavs qalaqebi _lobamba Sualo_xefrenis, xolo patara _ mikenis piramida. aqvea
da mbabane. am qveynis adgilobriv turistul RirsSesa- sfinqsi, lomis taniTa da faraonis TaviT. es piramide-
niSnaobas ganekuTvneba msoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesi bi moicavs egviptis faraonTa samarxebs. tutanxamonis
maRaro, romelmac funqcionireba daiwyo jer kidev samarxi, romelic arqeologebma aRmoaCines 1922 wels,
ramdenime aTeuli aTasi wlis win. qveyanaSi aris mrava- Seicavs Zveli egvipturi kulturis ZviradRirebul Zeg-
li nakrZali da arqeologiuri Zegli. svazilendi lebs.
mTel msoflioSi cnobilia sacxenosno turizmis wam- marokoSi turistebs izidavs aiT-ben-hadu, el-jadi-
yvan centrad. mbabanes erovnul RirsSesaniSnaobebs So- da, es-suveira, voliubilisi, Tetuani, marakeSi, agadi-
ris aRsaniSnavia olister mileris quCa, svazTa moeda- ri, rabati, meknesi, fes-el-bali, fesi da hasan II-is me-
ni da mbabanes sasaqonlo bazari. svazilendSi turis- CeTi. agadiri Tanamedrove kurortia, romelic savsea
tebi ZiriTadad Camodian mezobeli samxreT afrikis aRmosavluri koloritiT. wlis ganmavlobaSi 300 mzia-
respublikidan. Camosul stumrebs, saWiroebis SemTxve- ni dRe, plaJebi, mwvane evkaliptebi da finikis palmebi
vaSi eZlevaT Wleqisagan gankurnvis saSualeba, radga- aq izidavs uamrav turists. senegalis dedaqalaq _ da-
nac am qveyanaSi samxreT afrikasTan SedarebiT mSrali karidan ramdenime aTeuli kilometris daSorebiT, at-
havaa. svazilenSi samxreT afrikasTan SedarebiT daba- lantis okeanis sanapiroze mdebareobs saukeTeso ku-
lia aseve damnaSaveobis donec. rortebi. turistebisaTvis eqskursiebis organizeba
reziume: xdeba senegalis sxva RirsSesaniSnaobebSic: unikalur
bunebasa da vardis tbaSi. malis respublikis turis-
amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis tul RirsSesaniSnaobad SeiZleba miCneuli iqnes tom-
TvalsazrisiT, erT-erT strategiul regions warmoad- buqtus imperiis moCuqurTmebuli meCeTebi. nigeriis
gens afrikis kontinenti, romlis qveynebi gamoirCevian unikalur bunebriv Zegls warmoadgens veluri bunebis
TavianTi veluri bunebiT, xeluxlebeli landSaftebiT mqone, ferdobiani, gorakebiani plato.
da ulamazesi peizaJebiT. afrikis regionSi turistuli kenia cnobilia erovnuli parkebiT (masai-mara, ambo-
moTxovniT sargeblobs egvipte, tunisi, maroko, alJi- seli, cavo da a.S). masai-maras erovnuli parki warmo-
ri, sapara, burkina-faso, gambia, mali, nigeria, kenia, adgens serengetis (tanganias) cnobili erovnuli par-
zimbabve, tanzania, uganda, mozambika, komoris kunZule- kis gagrZelebas. samxreT afrikis respublikaSi aris
bi, seiSelis kunZulebi, mavriki, zambia da a. S. turiz- bevri nakrZali, erovnuli parki (mag., kriugeris parki),
mTan mimarTebaSi egviptes gaaCnia ori mimzidveli ni- araCveulebrivi peizaJebi, udabnoebi, mTebi da sxva
San-Tviseba: misi tropikul ganedSi ganlageba da Tbi- RirsSesaniSnaoba.
li wiTeli zRva, rac evropelebs saSualebas aZlevs saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri-
~Tbilad” daisvenon am qveyanaSi zamTris periodSic ki. siT, zimbabves respublika cnobilia erovnuli parke-
689 690
biT, viqtorias CanCqeriT, karibis tbiTa da zimbabves b) amerikis samxreTiT, okeanis sanapiroze;
greitiT. tanzaniis sanapiroze aris lamazi plaJi. gan- g) samxreT afrikis teritoriaze;
sakuTrebiT popularulia sazRvao kurorti_tanga, sa- d) aRmosavleT afrikaSi;
dac moipoveba mravali barneoligiuri wyaroebi da
ulamazesi peizaJebi. dedofal_elizabedis erovnuli 2. rabati aris:
parki mdebareobs ekvatorze qveynis Crdilo-dasavleT a) tunisis dedaqalaqi;
nawilSi. sxvadasxvagvaria parkis cxovelTa samyaro: b) marokos samefos dedaqalaqi;
spiloebi, xarebi, Waobis Txebi da wiTelkudiani maimu- g) egviptes dedaqalaqi;
nebi. parki aseve cnobilia aq mobinadari sxvadasxva sa- d) alJiris dedaqalaqi;
xis frinveliT. mozambikis RirsSesaniSnaobebs Soris
aRsaniSnavia bunebrivi istoriis muzeumi. komoris kun- 3. saxelmwifo, romelsac esazRvreba angola, botsvana,
ZulisTvis damaxasiaTebeli aris mTiani landSafti. aq samxreT afrikis respublika da atlantis okeane, es
binadrobs iSviaTi jiSis frinvelebi da cxovelebi. aris:
svazilendSi aris mravali nakrZali da arqeologiuri a) zimbabve;
Zegli. man daimkvidra sacxenosno turizmis msoflio b) seiSelis kunZulebi;
centris saxeli. g) namibiis respublika;
d) svazilendis samefo.
4. viqtoria aris:
ZiriTadi terminologia: a) mavrikis respublikis dedaqalaqi;
- ~Soreuli dasavleTi”; b) samxreT afrikis dedaqalaqi;
- ~mRelvare sanapiro”; g) zimbabves dedaqalaqi;
- ~afrikis margaliti”; d) seiSelis kunZulebis dedaqalaqi;
- ~basko” da ~gami”;
- ~vercxlis kunZulebi”;
- `qvis saxli”;
- ~saerTo turizmis” qveyana.
testebi:
1. tunisi geografiulad mdebareobs:

a) afrikis CrdiloeTiT, xmelTaSua zRvis sanapi-
roze;
691 692
nawili III Tavi 14.
saqarTvelos turistul-rekreaciuli
resursebi da maTi samarTlebrivi
saerTaSoriso turizmis regulireba
ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi
saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi turizmi gamocxadebulia priorite-
tul dargad, magram misi srulyofili ganviTareba Se-
uZlebelia msoflio turistul bazarze am dargis aq-
saerTaSoriso turizms didi mniSvneloba aqvs Ta-
tiuri integrirebis gareSe. es ki aucilebels xdis wi-
namedrove saqarTvelos ekonomikur ganviTarebaSi, ro-
melic Tavisi uZvelesi istoriul-kulturuli Zegle- namdebare saxelmZRvanelos II nawilSi ganxiluli Te-
biT, arqiteqturuli nagebobebiT, samkurnalo, minera- mebis _ msoflio turistuli resursebis geografiis,
luri, barneologiuri resursebiT, sazRvao-samTo, turistuli qveyanaTmcodneobis Teoriuli safuZvle-
mSrali da sub-tropikuli klimatiT, saerTaSoriso bis, msoflio turistuli kompleqsis rekreaciuli po-
turizmis ganviTarebis mxriv, uaRresad perspeqtiul tencialis, turistebis mogzaurobis geografiuli mar-
qveynad aris miCneuli. miuxedavad amisa, Cvens qveyanaSi Srutebis, msoflios turistuli regionebis Tavisebu-
arsebuli mdidari turistuli potenciali jer kidev rebaTa gaTvaliswinebas saqarTveloSi turizmis ganvi-
ar aris saTanadod aTvisebuli. maqsimalurad araa mo- Tarebisas.
ziduli ucxoeli turistebi. jer kidev mravali prob- Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis warmatebiT ganviTarebi-
lemaa gadasaWreli turistuli infrastruqturis mSe- saTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs turizmis sferoSi sazR-
neblobaSi, dauxvewavia turizmis menejmenti da a. S. sa- vargareTis saxelmwifoTa gamocdilebis gaTvaliswine-
erTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos Rirseuli adgilis basa da maTi samomavlo gegmebis Seswavlas. Cveni sam-
mopovebisa da damkvidrebisaTvis saWiroa turizmis Soblo saqarTvelo mdebareobs evropis ukidures sam-
sferoSi arsebuli problemebis gamovlena, Seswavla, xreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, kavkasiaSi. kavkasia moicavs
maTi aRmofxvris RonisZiebaTa dasaxva, samTavrobo re- teritorias Sav, azovisa da kaspiis zRvebs Soris. kav-
komendaciebis SemuSaveba da realizacia. kasionis qedi mas or nawilad, CrdiloeT anu imierkav-
amisaTvis aucilebelia evropel turistTa moTxov- kasiad da samxreT, anu amierkavkasiad yofs. Cveni qveya-
nis specifikis Seswavla, raTa igi safuZvlad daedos na amierkavkasiis dasavleT nawilSi mdebareobs. saqar-
maTTvis turebis SeTavazebas. Tu ki safrangeTis, espa- Tvelos teritoriis umetesi nawili cicabo ferdobeb-
neTis, italiis, aSS-isa da sxva qveynebisaTvis turizmi sa da Rrma xeobebs ukavia. aseTi adgilebi meCxradaa
didi Semosavlis momtani da maTi ekonomikis ganviTare- dasaxlebuli. aq xalxi cxovrobs patar-patara sof-
bis erT-erTi mZlavri berketia, ratom ar SeiZleba lebSi. bunebrivi da ekonomikuri pirobebis gamo, jer
iyos saerTaSoriso turizmi saqarTvelosTvis aseTive kidev XX s-is 80-ian wlebSi soflidan bevri adamiani
efeqtis momtani? gadavida qalaqSi sacxovreblad.
693 694
mcxovreb xalxTa wes-Cveulebebi. mravalferovnebis
saqarTvelos bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebi mxriv, saqarTvelos marTlac unikaluri bunebriv-kli-
maturi pirobebi gaaCnia, rac iZleva Cvens qveyanaSi sa-
saqarTvelos mosaxleobis udidesi nawili qalaqeb- erTaSoriso turizmis swrafad ganviTarebis xelsay-
Si cxovrobs. Cvens qveyanaSi zogierTi maRalmTiani so- rel pirobebs. turizmi saqarTveloSi ekonomikis ganvi-
feli, sadac mosaxleoba isedac mcire iyo, mTlianad Tarebis prioritetul mimarTulebadaa aRiarebuli. mi-
dacarielda. es tendencia grZeldeba dResac, radganac si prioritetulobis safuZveli dargis Zalze didi eq-
did qalaqebSi ufro advilia samuSaos Sovna, saarsebo sporttevadobaa. saqarTvelos turizmis sferoSi muSa-
pirobebic ukeTesia. mTis zogierTi sofeli zamTrobiT oben mcire zomis kompaniebi, ris gamoc xSirad maT ar
carieldeba. dablobebze da SavizRvispira raionebSi SeuZliaT damoukideblad gadaWran am sferoSi warmoq-
bevri sofeli da qalaqia gaSenebuli, sadac cxovrobs mnili problemebi. arada swori organizebis pirobebSi
sxvadasxva erovnebis da religiis xalxi. TbilisSi turizmi qveynisaTvis SeiZleba gadaiqces savaluto Se-
Tavmoyrilia Cveni qveynis mTeli mosaxleobis meoTxe- mosavlis miRebis mniSvnelovan wyarod.
di nawili. saqarTvelo mravalerovani qveyanaa. aq qar- saqarTvelos dasavleTiT akravs Savi zRva, romel-
TvelebTan erTad cxovroben somxebi, azerbaijanelebi, sac Cveni qveynis farglebSi mravali mdinare erTvis.
rusebi, berZnebi, osebi, afxazebi ebraelebi da sxva maT Sorisaa rioni_dasavleT saqarTvelos ugrZesi da
erovnebis xalxi. Cveni qveynis mosaxleobis umetesi na- Cveni qveynis yvelaze wyaluxvi mdinare. Savi zRva did
wili qristiania. Tumca Cvens samSobloSi muslimanebi, gavlenas axdens saqarTvelos klimatze. misi zemoqme-
iudevelebi da sxva religiuri umciresobebis warmo- debis Sedegad, zRvispireTSi Zalian Tbili da rbili
madgenlebic arian. saqarTveloSi bevria uZvelesi qa- zamTari icis. zRvis done saqarTvelos sazRvrebTan
laqi. mag., istoriul wyaroebSi kaspi qalaqad moixseni- sezonurad icvleba. igi yvelaze maRalia ivlisSi, xo-
eba Cv. w. aRr-mde I s-Si. lo minimaluri ki _ oqtomberSi. Savi zRvis maqsimalu-
saqarTveloSi mravalferovani buneba da klimatia. ri siRrmea 2022 m. masSi Zalian cota kunZulia. Sav
aq aris maRali, myinvarebiT dafaruli mwvervalebi, zRvaSi binadrobs mravali saxeobis Tevzi: zvigeni kat-
gaSlili vakeebi, daburuli tyeebi, qviSiani naxevaru- rani, atlanturi zuTxi, qaSayi, oraguli, kefali, kam-
dabnoebi, alpuri velebi da Waobebi. dasavleT saqar- bala, cxenTevza da skarosi. ZuZumwovrebidan aRsaniS-
TveloSi hava Tbili, notioa. zRvis sanapirosTan xSi- navia delfinebi. Sav zRvaSi binadroben selapebic.
rad wvims. aRmosavleT saqarTvelos ukidures samxreT- saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare-
aRmosavleTSi ki cxela. bas xels uwyobs misi geografiuli ganlageba, Cveni
saqarTvelo mravalferovania Tavisi mTa-bariT, qveynis satransporto infrastruqturis ganviTareba da
mdinareebiT, tbebiT, wiaRiseuliT, cxovelTa da mcena- transportis yvela saxeobis funqcionireba. kerZod,
reTa samyaroTi. Cvens qveyanaSi Tavad bunebam Seqmna is- Sav zRvas Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs saqarTveloSi
toriuli Zeglebi _mRvimeebi, udabnos svetebi da gaqva- turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac, radgan zRvis
vebuli tyeebi. gansxvavebulia sxvadasxva kuTxeSi saSualebiT aq bevri turisti Semodis. soxumi, foTi
695 696
da baTumi saqarTvelos umniSvnelovanesi navsadgurebi- qveyana mdidaria Siga wylebiT. aq 2600-ze meti mdi-
a. am portebSi Semodis msoflios mravali didi sam- nare, 850-ze meti didi da mcire zomis tba, 43 wyalsa-
gzavro gemi, romelTac qveyanaSi didi raodenobiT tu- cavi da uamravi wyaroa, romelTagan bevri sasargeblo-
risti SemohyavT. foTis, baTumisa da soxumis garda, pa- samkurnalo TvisebebiT aris cnobili. Tanamedrove
tara navsadgurebia agebuli oCamCiresa da gagraSic. etapze Cveni qveynis mdinareebs sanaosnod aRar iyene-
turistebis gadasayvanad mniSvnelovania rkinigzac. ben. bevr maTganze agebulia mcire, saSualo da didi
2007 wlis 22 noembers safuZveli Caeyara baqo-Tbilisi- zomis hidroeleqtrosadgurebi. borjomi pirvelad 1890
stambulis rkinigzis magistralis mSeneblobas. misi wels Camoasxes, Tumca misi samkurnalo Tvisebebi gaci-
dasrulebis Semdeg saqarTvelos rkinigza TurqeTis lebiT adre iyo cnobili, rasac adasturebs arqeolo-
gavliT pirdapir daukavSirdeba evropas. evropeli da giuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili I saukunis abanos
saerTod mTeli msoflios turistebis saqarTveloSi nangrevebic.
Camosvlis saukeTeso da swrafi saSualebaa sahaero xulos raionSi, arsianis qedze mdebare mwvane tbis
transporti. Tbilissa da baTumSi arsebuli saerTaSo- siRrme 20 metramdea. tbis wyali sasmelad vargisiania,
riso aeroportebidan yoveldRiurad sxvadasxva qveynis Tumca masSi ar binadrobs arcerTi saxeobis Tevzi. sa-
mimarTulebiT xorcieldeba 12 reisi. saqarTvelo ev- qarTvelos mdinareebi kaspiis an Sav zRvaSi Caedineba.
ropasa da azias daakavSirebs saerTaSoriso donis av- isini saTaves mTebSi iReben da sazrdooben wvimis,
tomagistraliTac, romlis mSeneblobac mimdinareobs Tovlis, myinvarebis an miwisqveSa wylebiT. saqarTve-
amJamad msoflio bankis dafinansebiT. aRniSnuli avto- los tbebi sxvadasxvanairia, warmoSobisa da wylis ma-
bani wiTeli xididan sarfamde, umoklesi saavtomobi- rilianobis mixedviT. zamTrobiT zigi maTgani iyineba.
lo gziT daukavSirebs erTmaneTs TurqeTsa da azerba- tbaTa siuxviT gamoirCeva javaxeTi, amitom mas ~tbaTa
ijans. es xels Seuwyobs ara marto am ori qveynidan, mxaresac” eZaxian. aq mdebareobs saqarTvelos udidesi
aramed evropisa da aziis qveynebidan turistebis av- tba _faravani da yvelaze wyaluxvi _ tabawyuri. ta-
totransportiT Semosvlas. bawyuri siRrmiT mesame tbaa riwisa da yelis tbebis
Savi zRvis sanapiroze gaSenebulia bevri kurorti: Semdeg. is dekembris Tvidan martis bolomde gayinuli-
biWvinTa, gagra, soxumi, ureki, qobuleTi, maxinjauri, a. gansakuTrebuli silamaziT gamoirCeva mTis xeobebSi
baTumi da a. S. moxerxebuli plaJebiT, rbili zamTri- arsebuli tbebi. erT-erTi maTgania riwis tba, romelic
Ta da xangrZlivi zafxuliT gamorCeuli kurortebi 4- uRrmesi tbaa amierkavkasiaSi. gazafxulze mas mwvane
5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi maspinZloben damsveneblebs. zogi- feri aqvs, zamTarSi ki _ lurji.
erT kurorts mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli xibli mcire farTobis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos terito-
aqvs. ureki cnobilia magneturi qviSiT, maxinjauri, riaze ufro mravalferovani klimatia, vidre avstra-
gagra da soxumi ki _ mineraluri samkurnalo wyaroe- liis mTel kontinentze, romelic teritoriulad 110
biT. samkurnalo TvisebebiT aris cnobili urekis qvi- saqarTvelos Caitevda. saqarTvelos mTian regionebSi
Siani sanapiro, romelic yovel zafxuls uamrav tu- ramdenime Tves Tovli devs. aq zafxulobiTac ki gri-
rists izidavs. la. zRvasTan axlos xSirad wvims da hava teniania. tu-
697 698
risti rac ufro moSordeba zRvas, amindic SesamCnevad zegani mTeli zamTris ganmavlobaSi TovliTaa dafaru-
icvleba: iSviaTad wvims, zafxuli Zalian cxelia, zam- li. am tipis bunebrivi pirobebi izidavT eqstremaluri
Tari ki _ civi. yvelaze cxeli klimati saqarTvelos turizmis moyvarulebs.
ukidures samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSia. aq xSiria saqarTvelo gamoirCeva sasargeblo wiaRiseulis
gvalva; wvima iSviaTad modis da zamTarSi Zlieri qari mravalferovnebiT. arqeologiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad
icis. aRmoCenilia rkinis, brinjaos, spilenZis, vercxlis, oq-
saqarTveloSi havas ZiriTadad kavkasiis mTavari qe- rosa da Tixis uamravi uZvelesi nivTi, rac adastu-
di da Savi zRva ayalibebs. maT ~exmareba” samxreTi rebs, rom Cvens qveyanaSi uZvelesi droidan moipoveb-
mTianeTi anu mcire kavkasioni. kavkasiis mTavari qedi dnen sxvadasxva wiaRiseuls. saqarTveloSi dResac moi-
xels uSlis CrdiloeTidan civi haeris masebis SemoW- poveba liTonebi Savi da feradi metalurgiisaTvis, mi-
ras, xolo mcire kavkasioni ki_agrilebs samxreTis neralebi qimiuri mrewvelobisaTvis, oqro, sxvadasxva
cxel haers. Savi zRva warmoqmnis wvimas. kintriSis nak- saxis kvarci, sacemente nedleuli, samSeneblo-mosapir-
rZalSi xSirad nislia. alazan-ivris SuamdinareTSi, keTebeli qvebi da sawvavi wiaRiseuli _ qvanaxSiri da
ivris zeganze gadaSlilia didi Siraqis veli, sadac navTobi.
Zalian cxeli havaa. aq temperatura 400C-mdec ki adis. saqarTveloSi SemorCenilia iSviaTi jiSis cxovel-
am adgilas iSviaTad Tovls, zamTarSi ki Zlieri qari Ta da mcenareTa samyaro. maTi mravalferovnebis mixed-
qris, wvima mxolod gazafxulsa da zafxulSi modis. viT, Cveni qveyana erT-erTi pirvelia mTel dedamiwaze.
Tumca yvelaze mSral adgilad mainc eldaris velia saqarTvelos teritoriaze binadrobs 100-ze meti saxeo-
miCneuli. es 25 km sigrZis ~SiSveli” adgili ivris qvebis ZuZumwovara, 300-ze meti saxeobis frinveli, 80-ze
mo dinebis orive napirzea gaSlili. 1 meti saxeobis Tevzi, qvewarmavalTa 50 da amfibiebis 12
saqarTveloSi yvelaze meti naleqi aWaraSi, qalaq saxeoba. maT Soris gansakuTrebiT sainteresoa endemu-
baTumTan ~mtiralas” mTaze modis, sadac wvimis garda, ri, anu mxolod saqarTvelosa da kavkasiaSi arsebuli,
xSiria nisliani amindebic. am mTaze haeris tenianoba saxeobebi: jixvi, kavkasiuri biga, kavkasiuri roWo, kav-
mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi Zalian maRalia (80-85%). swo- kasiuri SurTxi, kolxuri xoxobi da kavkasiuri futka-
red amitom Searqves mas ~mtirala”. samxreT saqarTve- ri. arwivis 12 saxeobidan 6 binadrobs saqarTveloSi.
loSi, kerZod, ki javaxeTSi Zalian civi zamTari icis. irmebis mravalferovani saxeobidan Cvens qveyanaSi bi-
aq Tovli dekembridan martamde devs. Savi zRvis gavle- nadrobs mxolod keTilSobili iremi. dRes maTi ricx-
na aq Zalian sustia, radganac javaxeTi yvela mxridan vi imdenad mcirea, rom isini imyofebian gadaSenebis
mTebiT aris garSemortymuli. swored javaxeTSia sa- zRvarze. maTi raodenobis Semcirebis mizezia brakonie-
qarTvelos erT-erTi yvelaze civi adgili _karwaxi, roba da maTi sabinadro garemos ganadgureba. keTil-
sadac temperatura zogjer _400C-mde ecema. javaxeTis Sobili irmebi gvxvdeba lagodexis nakrZalSi, borjo-
mis xeobasa da gardabanSi. maTze nadiroba sastikad ak-
rZalulia.
1 soxaZe m. saqarTvelos atlasi. bakur sulakauris gamomcem-
loba. Tbilisi, 2008, gv.- _ 13.
699 700
nova saqarTvelos bunebriv pirobebSi mcxovrebi zRvis fskeri iyo. aqaur qanebSi SemorCenilia zRvis
erTaderTi leopardia, romlis kvalic pirvelad da- cxovelebisa da wyalmcenareebis ganamarxebuli nimuSe-
fiqsirda 2003 wels, xolo 2004 wels ki ukve moxerxda bi, romelTa asaki 2 mln welia. pantiSaris da daTvis-
fotoxafangiT masze suraTis gadaRebac. jixvi mTel xevis gaSiSvlebul qanebs milionobiT wlebis ganmav-
msoflioSi erTaderT adgilas _ kavkasionis maRal lobaSi saxes ucvlida buneba. Sedegad Camoyalibda
mTianeTSi binadrobs. miuval adgilebSi cxovrebis miu- kldeTa vrceli cicabo. aqvea Tixnari niadagisagan na-
xedavad, masze mainc nadiroben, ris gamoc jixvi gada- gebi svetebi da koSkismagvari warmonaqmnebi, rac iSvia-
Senebis zRvarze imyofeba. saqarTveloSi SemorCenilia Ti jiSis mcenareTa da cxovelTa samyarosTan erTad,
4100-ze meti saxeobis mcenare, romelTagan Zalian bevri qmnis uCveulo garemos. aq turists SeuZlia xeliT See-
endemuria. dasavleT saqarTvelos udidesi nawili xos saukuneebis win ~gaqvavebul zRvis talRebs”.
tyiT aris dafaruli. aRmosavleT, da miT ufro sam- saqarTveloSi aris TuSeTis daculi teritoria,
xreT saqarTveloSi xSiria SiSveli velebi. eldaris romelic udidesia mTel evropaSi. igi TiTqmis mTel
velze ki xarobs mxolod naxevarudabnosaTvis damaxa- TuSeTs moicavs. TuSeTi Zalian gansxvavdeba sxva da-
siaTebeli mcenareebi. Jinvalis wyalsacavTan daculia culi teritoriebisagan, radgan aq bunebriv ZeglebTan
erTi uZvelesi xe _ uTxovari. igi daaxloebiT 3500 erTad SenarCunebulia istoriul-kulturuli nagebobe-
wlisaa. uTxovari Zalian nela izrdeba. amitom igi gambi, tradiciebi da wes-Cveulebebi. kavkasionis am kuTxe-
ravlebasac gvian iwyebs. Tesls 70-120 wlis asakSi ike- Si arsebuli alpuri mdeloebi, lamazi myinvarwverebi,
Tebs. qarTuli zambaxi iSviaTi silamazis yvavilia. de- mdinareTa saTaveebi, gadaSenebis piras myofi cxovele-
ka maradmwane buCqia, romlis foTlebis nayens aqvs sam- bi, endemuri mcenareebi da fiWvnari tyeebi namdvili
kurnalo Tvisebebi. ~samoTxea” Tavgadasavlebis moyvaruli turistebisaT-
saqarTveloSi arsebobs sxvadasxva tipis daculi vis.
teritoria. maT Soris farTobiT yvelaze didia erov- borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli parki gadaWimulia
nuli parkebi, nakrZalebi da daculi teritoriebi. da- eqvsi raionis teritoriaze. igi pirveli erovnuli par-
culi teritoriebi iqmneba gadaSenebis safrTxis winaSe kia mTel kavkasiaSi, romelic Seiqmna 1995 wels germa-
mdgomi unikaluri mcenareebis da cxovelebis dacvis niis mTavrobisa da bunebis dacvis saerTaSoriso fon-
mizniT. aseT adgilebSi akrZalulia nadiroba, mcenare- dis daxmarebiT. igi oficialurad gaixsna 2001 wels.
ebis Segroveba an bunebisaTvis zianis mimyenebeli sxva parkSi TiTqmis xeluxlebladaa Semonaxuli tyis masi-
qmedebebi. Tumca erovnuli parkebi da nakrZalebi Riaa vebi, Tavisi unikaluri floriTa da fauniT. ucxoeli
turistebisa da damTvaliereblebisaTvis. maTTvis aq turistebisaTvis parkSi Seqmnilia cxra sxvadasxva sa-
specialuri dasasvenebeli adgilebic kia gamoyofili. xis turistuli marSruti. arsebobs specialuri turis-
saqarTveloSi uamravi ulamazesi mRvime da gamoqva- tuli programa patarebisaTvis, romlis farglebSic
bulia. kaxeTSi, dedofliswyaros raionSi mdebareobs bavSvebs SeuZliaT moawyon laSqrobebi, miiRon monawi-
vaSlovanis daculi teritoria. misi landSaftis Ses- leoba SemecnebiT TamaSebSi, naxon parkis Sesaxeb gada-
wavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom es adgili odesRac Rebuli dokumenturi filmebi da gaecnon parkis isto-
701 702
rias. borjom-xaragaulis tye-parkis dasaTvaliereblad TuSeTis, svaneTis, raWis, samcxe-javaxeTis, xevsure-
turistebs SeuZliaT cxenebis daqiraveba. Tisa da mTiani aWaris alpuri mdeloebi xelsayrel pi-
saqarTveloSi tyis xanZrebs xSirad iwvevs turis- robebs qmnis mecxoveleobisa da Sesabamisad agrotu-
tebis daudevroba. tyis gazrdas aTeulobiT weli rizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. zafxulobiT cxvris farebi
sWirdeba, xanZriT mis ganadgurebas ki wuTebi da saa- da saqoneli mTebis kalTebzea Sefenili. sainteresoa,
Tebi hyofnis. amitom tyeSi yofnis dros ucxoeli tu- rom arqeologebma saqonlis ~winaparTa” Zvlebi aq aR-
risti valdebulia daicvas garkveuli wesebi: man ar moaCines Zvel welTa aRricxvamde III aTaswleulis sa-
unda daagdos anTebuli asanTi Zirs, ar unda daanTos marxebSi.
koconi xis ZirSi, xolo wasvlis win saWiroa man sa- saqarTveloSi SesaniSnavi pirobebia Seqmnili saer-
guldagulod Caaqros cecxli. TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebisTvis. misi kurortebis
saqarTvelos klimati da niadagebi mravalferova- ZiriTadi nawili mdebareobs mTian da Savi zRvispira
nia, amitom TiToeul kuTxeSi soflis meurneobis sxva- raionebSi. zogierTi maTgani gamoirCeva jansaRi klima-
dasxva dargia ganviTarebuli. Cvens qveyanaSi ramdenime tiT, bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebiT. bevrgan kargad
saxeobis marcvleuli (xorbali, simindi, qeri, mzesum- aris Semonaxuli qarTveli xalxis uZvelesi kultura,
zira da sxva) mohyavT. Sida da qvemo qarTli cnobilia tradiciebi, saintereso arqeologiuri da didebuli
baR-bostnebiT, Siraqis veli _ xorblisa da mzesumzi- arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. Cvens qveyanaSi aris samkurna-
ris yanebiT, kaxeTi baRCebiTa da venaxebiT, Savi zRvis- lo-mineraluri wylebiT mdidari adgilebic. zogan ki
pira subtropikuli zona ki Cinebuli mxarea Caisa da yvela es RirsSesaniSnaoba erTad aris Tavmoyrili,
citrusebis mosayvanad. saqarTvelo msoflio subtro- rac saboloo jamSi qmnis zRaprul sanaxaobas. Tu tu-
pikuli zonis CrdiloeT sazRvarze mdebareobs, amitom risti ewveva Tbilisis zRvas, mis axlos mdebare gora-
citrusebisaTvis aq SedarebiT mkacri klimatia, Tumca kidan paraplaniT gadmofrenis Sedegad is SeZlebs
limoni, kivi, feixoa, forToxali, greihfruti da man- udidesi siamovnebis miRebas. bolo dros turistebis
darini mainc mohyavT. qarTli ganTqmulia gemrieli did interess iwvevs sportis iseTi eqstremaluri saxe-
vaSliT, msxliT, komSiTa da atmiT. saqarTvelo vazis obebi, rogoricaa paraplaniT frena da wyaljomardoba
samSoblod iTvleba. aq venaxebi gaSenebulia rogorc (raftingi). emociuri Tavgadasavlebis moyvarulebi xSi-
aRmosavleT, ise dasavleT saqarTveloSi. aRmosavleT rad erTad ikribebian da rezinis navebiT eSvebian
saqarTveloSi SedarebiT ufro gavrcelebulia rqawi- swraf mdinareebze.
Teli da mwvane saferavi, dasavleTSi ki_colikauri, saqarTveloSi alpinizms aqvs didi xnis istoria.
cicqa, Cxaveri, ojaleSi, aleqsandrouli, mujureTuli, kavkasiis myinvarwverze Tovli zamTar-zafxul devs.
aladasturi da izabela. saqarTvelos Rvinis qarxnebi mis kalTaze agebuli meteorologiuri samsaxuri alpi-
(maTgan uZvelesia 1887 wels daarsebuli winandlis nistebis dasasvenebeli adgilicaa. myinvarwveris gar-
Rvinis qarxana) amzadeben saxelganTqmul qarTul Rvi- da, kavkasionis qedze araerTi ulamazesi da, alpinis-
noebs. rqani-Telisagan ayeneben saukeTeso kaxur Rvi- turi TvalsazrisiT, urTulesi mwvervalebia: uSba, mxa-
nos. misgan moduRebuli TaTariT mzaddeba CurCxela. ra, TeTnuldi da a. S. maT dasalaSqrad saqarTveloSi
703 704
xSirad Camodian ucxoeli alpinistebi. isini qarTvel melic Tavisi SedegianobiT utoldeba medikamentur
mTamsvlelebTan erTad, axorcieleben warmatebul as- mkurnalobas. 1
vlas. bakurianSi sxvadasxva sirTulis sami samTo-saTx- amrigad, saqarTveloSi mravalferovani bunebriv-
ilamuro trasaa. gudauri da bakuriani zamTris ku- rekreaciuli resursebis, xelsayreli geopolitikuri
rortebad iTvleba. maT ZiriTadad stumroben samTo-- mdebareobis, mdidari erovnuli tradiciebis da kul-
saTxilamuro sportis moyvarulebi. aq Tovli evropis turis flobis TvalsazrisiT, turizmis ganviTareba
cnobil maRalmTian kurortebTan SedarebiT, gvian ga- unda miCneuli iqnes Cveni qveynis ekonomikis daCqarebu-
zafxulamde ar dneba. wiwvovan tyeebSi Cafluli baku- li tempebiT aRmavlobisa da ekonomikuri usafrTxoe-
rianis haeri zafxulSic sasargebloa damsvenebelTa bis uzrunvelyofis realur saSualebad. saqarTvelos
janmrTelobisaTvis. amitom mas weliwadis am drosac xilviT aRfrTovanebulma, mravlismnaxvelma msoflio
bevri damsvenebeli hyavs. turizmis organizaciis generalurma mdivanma franCes-
zafxulSi turistebis simravliT saqarTvelos ko franjialom ganacxada: `me vnaxe saqarTvelo da
zRvispira kuTxeebi _aWara da afxazeTi gamoirCeva. ba- davrwmundi, rom es saocari patara qveyana ~ganwiruli-
Tumi, qobuleTi, soxumi, biWvinTa, gagra, miusera da a” didi turizmisaTvis”. am sityvebiT man pirdapir aRi-
liZava saqarTvelos mTavari zRvispira kurortebia. ara, rom turizmi saqarTvelos momavalia da am qveyana-
isini mTeli zafxulis ganmavlobaSi maspinZloben Si aucileblad ganviTardeba didi turizmi.
stumrebs. saqarTvelos stumroben ucxoeli turistebi marTlac rom gasaocaria am patara qveynis mraval-
taZrebisa da eklesia-monastrebis dasaTvaliereblad. ferovneba. Cvens qveyanaSi warmodgenilia TiTqmis yve-
magaliTad, mcxeTis jvris taZars yoveldRiurad stum- la klimati (tropikebis garda). igi dajildovebulia
robs uamravi damTvalierebeli. saqarTveloSi Camosul SesaniSnavi bunebiT, Tbili klimatiT, rbili haviT, kav-
turistebs saSualeba eZlevaT daaTvalieron antikuri kasionis mTebiT, unikaluri pirvelqmnili landSaftiT,
periodis qalaqebis nangrevebi, Sua saukuneebis cixe-- 300-mde kurortiT, sakurorto adgilebiT, 2400-mde mine-
koSkebi, unikaluri freskebiTa da CuqurTmebiT Semku- raluri da Termuli samkurnalo wylebiT. aq dasveneba
li eklesia-monastrebi da kldeSi nakveTi ulamazesi SeuZliaT evropelebsac da azielebsac. amdenad Cveni
kompleqsebi_varZia, vanis qvabebi da ufliscixe. saqar- qveynis turistuli resursebidan da satranzito gan-
TveloSi zafxulobiT dasasveneblad xSirad Camodian lagebidan gamomdinare, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganvi-
laSqrobis moyvarulebi, romlebic sxvadasxva kuTxeSi Tareba Zalian mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvis.
mogzauroben da karavebSi aTeven Rames.
saqarTveloSi tradiciulad gavrcelebulia balne-
ologiuri da klimaturi kurortebi. balneologiur 1 Caganava p. samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli turizmi–turizmis
kurortebze mTavar samkurnalo faqtorad warmodgeni- sezonurobis daZlevis saSualeba. baTumis sakurorto-tu-
lia bunebrivi mineraluri wylebi (borjomi, sairme, na- ristuli meurneoba_ganviTarebis problemebi da perspeqtivebi.
aWaris socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi (XII). gam. `SoTa ru-
beRlavi, kokotaiuri, maxinjauri da a.S.). gamokvlevebi
sTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti”, 2010, gv.-38-39.
adasturebs sakurorto mkurnalobis efeqtianobas, ro-
705 706
saqarTvelos mxareebis rekreaciuli uzarmazari lodebi. savaraudod kromlexebs saritua-
resursebi lo daniSnuleba hqonda. maT `mzis taZars” eZaxdnen.
anakofia VII saukunidan XVIII saukunemde iyo cixe-qala-
saqarTvelos gaaCnia mniSvnelovani regionuli tu- qi, romelic mdebareobda soxumTan axlos, iveris mTa-
ristuli potenciali, romlis sworad dagegmarebisa ze, Tanamedrove axali aTonis teritoriaze. antikuri
da realizaciis SemTxvevaSi Cvens qveyanas SeuZlia se- taZrisa da Zveli cixe-simagris nangrevebi dRemdea Se-
riozuli pretenzia ganacxados, evraziis regionSi tu- morCenili. 1875 wels aTonis mTis Ziras, Zveli anakofi-
rizmis ganviTarebis mixedviT, liderobis poziciaze. is adgilas daarsda axali aTonis monasteri. is Sa-
amis misaRwevad saWiroa turistuli kompaniebisa da sa- vizRvispireTis udidesi saeklesio centria.
xelmwifo turistuli politikis swori menejmenti. afxazeTSi, SavizRvis sanapirosTan antikur xanaSi
imavdroulad calk-calke unda ganvixiloT Cveni qvey- berZnebma daaarses bevri qalaqi, romlis nawili dro-
nis TiToeuli regionis ganviTarebis istoria, maTi bu- Ta ganmavlobaSi wyalma dafara. 1840 wels soxumSi da-
nebriv-turistuli potenciali da rekreaciuli resur- arsda botanikuri baRi, romelic erT-erTi uZvelesia
sebi. Cvens qveyanaSi. igi cnobilia iSviaTi subtropikuli
afxazeTi saqarTvelos ukidures Crdilo-dasav- mcenareebiT. afxazeTi miwisqveSa mdinareebiTa da mRvi-
leTSi mdebareobs. mas CrdiloeTiT esazRvreba kavkasi- meebiT aris ganTqmuli. esenia: axali aTonis, abrski-
is mTavari qedi, samxreTiT _ Savi zRva, rac ganapiro- lis, Saqurianisa da civi mRvimeebi. Zalian lamazia gu-
bebs am regionis gansakuTrebul klimats. afxazeTis dauTis raionSi zRvis donidan 1950 metrze mdebare
mravalferovani buneba, kargi amindi da SavizRvispira karstuli ufskruli, romelic erT-erTi uRrmesia
kurortebi yovelTvis izidavda turistebs, Tumca gasu- msoflioSi. misi zeda nawili zamTar-zafxul TovliT
li saukunis bolos warmoqmnili konfliqtis gamo mada yinuliT aris dafaruli, ris gamoc bunebis am sa-
Ti ricxvi mkveTrad Semcirda. afxazeTis teritoriaze ocrebas ~Tovliani ufskruli” uwodes. biWvinTa erT-
jer kidev aris SemorCenili unikaluri endemuri mcena- erTi saukeTeso kurortia Savi zRvis sanapiroze. qvi-
reebi. maTi dacvis mizniT Seqmnilia riwis, biWvinTis, Siani plaJebi, kargi klimati, gansakuTrebiT sufTa
gumisTis, miuserisa da fsxus nakrZalebi. gumisTis da zRva da lamazi buneba yovelTvis didi raodenobiT
kelasuris qvemo dinebebs Soris moqceul vakeze mdeba- turists izidavda saqarTveloSi. biWvinTas gansakuTre-
reobs afxazeTis ulamazesi dedaqalaqi _ soxumi. bul xibls aniWebs uZvelesi fiWvis tye, romelic aq
eSeraSi qvis uzarmazari filebisagan aris agebuli plaJidan sul ramdenime metrSi iwyeba.
dolmeni, romelic TariRdeba Zvel welTa aRricxvis aWara mdebareobs TurqeTis sazRvarTan. zRvispira
III aTaswleulis II naxevriT. afxazeTis teritoriaze qobuleTisa da kaxabris dablobis garda, es mxare mTa-
bevrgan aris SemorCenili brinjaos xanis dolmenebi, goriania. aWaraSi aris goderZis uReltexili, sadac
romlebic, mecnierTa azriT, beladebis samarxebi iyo. 2025 metrze gadis baTumi-axalcixis saavtomobilo ma-
eSeraSi aRmoCenilia Zvel welTa aRricxviT II aTas- gistrali. uReltexilis midamoebSi SemorCenilia bune-
wleulis ori kromlexis _ wriulad ganlagebuli bis saocreba ~goderZis ganamarxebuli tye”, romlis
707 708
Seswavlis Sedegad dadginda, rom palmis, magnolisa nis TurqeTis, azerbaijanisa da somxeTis turistebi.
da dafnis xeebi 9 mln wlis win vulkanis amofrqvevis baTumi jer kidev ver akmayofilebs msoflio turistu-
Semdeg ferfls daufaravs da droTa ganmavlobaSi gali industriis dasavlur standartebs, ris gamoc igi
uqvavebia. aWaris zRvis sanapiro ganTqmulia ulamazesi ver izidavs amerikis, evrokavSirisa da iaponiis mkacri
plaJebiT. yovel zafxuls baTums, qobuleTsa da pata- pretenziebis mqone turistebs. baTumis sazRvao kuror-
ra zRvispira soflebs stumrobs mravali turisti. ti konkurencias ver uwevs TurqeTis sakurorto zo-
aWaraSi soflis meurneobis ramdenime dargia ganvi- nebs, romelTa turistuli paketis Rirebuleba gacile-
Tarebuli. aq mohyavT Cai, citrusi, yurZeni da Tambaqo. biT ufro dabalia, xarisxi ki _ maRali. amdenad, Cveni
mesxeTisa da qobuleTis qedi aWaras yofs or nawilad: qveynis regionTa turistuli potenciali axlo peri-
zRvispira da mTian aWarad, sadac erTmaneTis gverdig- odSi mezobeli qveynebidan Camosuli turistebis momsa-
verd cxovrobs sxvadasxva sarwmunoebisa da tradicie- xurebaze iqneba orientirebuli.
bis mqone xalxi. mTian aWaraSi saxnav-saTesi miwebis guria farTobiT saqarTvelos mxareebs Soris yve-
simciris gamo, ZiriTadad mecxoveleobaa ganviTarebu- laze pataraa, magram igi gamoirCeva mravalferovani
li. Savi zRvis napiras, mdinare Woroxis SesarTavTan landSaftiT. Sesabamisad am mxares gaaCnia turizmis
mdebareobs gonios uZvelesi cixe-simagre. mas saxeli ganviTarebis mniSvnelovani perspeqtiva. guriis turis-
_~gonio” daerqva jer kidev XII saukuneSi. gonios ci- tul potencials gansazRvravs Savi zRvis sanapiro
xis gaTxrebis dros aRmoCenil iqna uZvelesi wyalsa- zoli, grigoleTi da nabeRlavi. rekreaciuli ganviTa-
deni milebi. baTumis navsadgurSi uzarmazar saokeano rebis didi perspeqtiva aqvs grigoleTis Savi zRvispi-
gemebsac SeuZlia Semosvla. sanapiro zoli, romelic ra zols. misi turistuli potencialia zRvis notio--
mTel sigrZeze miuyveba baTums, uamrav qarTvel da subtropikuli hava, mzis naTebis xangrZlivoba, haeris
ucxoel turists izidavs dasasveneblad. aq turistebs intensiuri ventilacia. guriaSi bevri dablobi, Waobi
SeuZliaT dRisiT zRvaSi ibanaon, mzeze gairujon, Ra- da tbaa. aq aris ori wyaluxvi mdinare _ sufsa da na-
miT ki iseirnon bulvarSi. 1 tanebi.
bolo dros aWaras turistuli aRmavlobis tenden- mxare mdidaria mineraluri wyaroebiT, romelTagan
cia aqvs. baTumi mSvenieria. igi mzadaa miiRos aseulo- yvelaze ufro cnobilia ~nabeRlavi”. guriis dablobze
biT aTasi ucxoeli turisti. Tumca jer kidev ganuvi- mdebareobs paliastomis tba. igi, farTobis mixedviT,
Tarebelia qalaqis 3/4 nawilis _ mTisZiris mimdebare mesamea saqarTvelos tbebs Soris, magram misi maqsima-
teritoriis turistuli infrastruqtura, ris gamoc luri siRrme sul raRac 3,2 metria. citrusisa da Cais
ver xorcieldeba aqtiuri turistul-marketinguli kam- garda guriaSi xarobs xexili, marcvleuli_simindi da
pania dasavleTis turistul bazarze. amitom jer-je- soio. guriaSi zRvispira kurortebicaa da mTisac. Savi
robiT mas SeuZlia masobrivad miiRos mxolod ukrai- zRvispiras mdebare kurorti _ ureki maRali magnitu-
robiT gamoirCeva. sanapiro qviSa didi raodenobiT Sei-
cavs magnetitis nawilakebs. amitom am kurorts gansa-
1 soxaZe m. saqarTvelos atlasi. bakur sulakauris gamomcem- kuTrebuli samkurnalo daniSnuleba aqvs. urekis sana-
loba. Tbilisi, 2008, gv.- _ 34.
709 710
pirosTan zRva did manZilze Txelia. aq zamTari gri- sainteresos xdis mxares ucxoeli turistebisaTvis.
li da mcirenaleqiania, zafxuli ki _ Tbili. zemo svaneTis erT-erTi turistuli kurortia mestia.
guriaSi, zRvis donidan 2000 m simaRleze, mdebare- mestiis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi bevri eqsponatia
obs saqarTvelos yvelaze maRalmTiani kurorti baxma- daculi. maT Sorisaa 897 wliT daTariRebuli adiSis
ro, romelic metad Tvalwarmtacia wiwvovani xeebiT, oTxTavi.
zRvis qarebiT, zomierad grili zamTriTa da Tbili raWa-leCxumi da qvemo svaneTi kurortebiT mdidari
zafxuliT. baxmaros gaaCnia samTo-saTxilamuro tu- mxarea. raWa mdebareobs dasavleT saqarTveloSi mdina-
rizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivac, radganac kurorts re rionis zeda nawilSi. mas dasavleTiT leCxumi
aqvs Tovlis myari safari, 15-200-iT daxrili mTis kal- esazRvreba. raWasa da leCxums xSirad erTad moixseni-
Tebi da 2-3 km-is sigrZis saTxilamuro trasis gaSene- eben, radganac maTi buneba da hava Zalian hgavs erTma-
bis SesaZlebloba. aq zomierad Serwmulia zRvisa da neTs. qvemo svaneTi ki zemo svaneTisagan SedarebiT,
mTis haeri, rac ivnisidan seqtembramde uamrav turists rbili klimatiT gamoirCeva. mTian raWaSi adamians jer
izidavs. tradiciulad yoveli wlis 19 agvistos, fe- kidev brinjaos xanaSi ucxovria, rasac mowmobs arqeo-
riscvalebis dResaswaulze baxmaroSi imarTeba doRi. logiuri gaTxrebis Sedegad aRmoCenili namosaxlari
samegrelo-zemo svaneTis regionSi Camoedineba mdida saxelosnoebis naSTebi (Zv. w. aR-mde XVIII s). ambro-
nare enguri. qalaq zugdidSi mdebareobs XIX saukuneSi lauris raionSi mdebareobs bunebrivi gamoqvabuli _
agebuli dadianebis sasaxle. dRes aq gaxsnilia mxa- sayinule, sadac saukunovani yinulis uzarmazari lo-
reTmcodneobis muzeumi, romlis unikalur eqsponatebs luebi da gayinuli CanCqerebis kaskadebia. zamTar-zaf-
Soris safrangeTis imperatoris napoleon monapartis xul aq temperatura 00C-ze dabalia. raWis qedis Crdi-
sam niRabTagan erT-erTi aq aris daculi. samegrelos loeT kalTaze arsebobs foTlovani tyeebi, rac sauke-
hava notio da subtropikulia. iSviaTi jiSis mcenareTa Teso pirobaa imisaTvis, rom aq samomavlod kurorti
dacvis mizniT 1935 wels aq Seiqmna kolxeTis nakrZali, gaSendes. lentexis raioni (qvemo svaneTi) mTagoriania,
romelic 2006 wels erovnul parkad gadakeTda. es er- romlis erTaderTi mdinare cxeniswyali saTaves iRebs
TaderTi parkia saqarTveloSi, sadac xmeleTis garda kavkasiis mTavar qedze. lamazi buneba zafxulobiT qve-
zRvis sanapiro zolicaa daculi. samegreloSi bevrga- mo svaneTisaken mraval turistsa da alpinists izi-
naa mineraluri wyaroebi. maT maxloblad gaSenebulia davs. specialurad maTTvis Seqmnili aris alpuri bana-
kurortebi lebarde, menji da caiSi. zemo svaneTSi kebi ~ailama” da ~zesxo”. Sovi wiwvovan tyeebSi Caflu-
aris ulamazesi mwvervalebi _ Sxara da uSba. uSba li kurortia, romelic cnobilia mineraluri wylebis
aris msoflioSi erT-erTi yvelaze Znelad dasapyrobi siuxviT. igi gaSenebulia onis raionSi, romelic yo-
mwvervali. misi ori _ CrdiloeTi da samxreTi mwverva- vel wels izidavs uamrav damsvenebels. ambrolauris
lebi simaRliT 4690 da 4700 m-ia. sofel uSgulSi dRem- raionSi mdebareobs sofeli xvanWkara, romelic gan-
de aris SemorCenili uZvelesi koSkebi da sakulto na- Tqmulia vazis iSviaTi jiSebiT. misi meSveobiT ayeneben
gebobani. ulamazesi buneba da Suasaukuneebisdroinde- naxevradtkbil Rvinos ~xvanWkaras”.
li saero, sakulto da TavdacviTi nagebobebi Zalian
711 712
mcxeTa-mTianeTi mdebareobs TeTri da Savi aragvis sia. mniSvnelovania SiomRvimisa da zedaznis monastre-
xeobebSi, romelic mcxeTis raionis garda, aerTianebs bi, ananuris cixe, eklesia duSeTis raionSi da XIV sa-
mTiuleTs, fSavs, xevsa da xevsureTs. swored xevsu- ukunis gergetis samebis taZari, romelic mdebareobs
reTSia saqarTvelos yvelaze maRali mwvervali_myin- stefanwmindis raionSi. gergetis sameba STambeWdavad
varwveri, romelsac yovel zafxuls laSqraven alpi- moCans kavkasionis fonze. kavkasionis mwvervalebi mTe-
nistebi. aq mdebareobs samTo-saTxilamuro kurorti _ li wlis manZilze TovliTaa dafaruli.
gudauric, romelic yovel zamTars maspinZlobs zam- amrigad, mcxeTa-mTianeTis regions gaaCnia mniSvne-
Tris sportis qarTvel da ucxoel moyvarulebs. gansa- lovani turistuli potenciali: mTebi, myinvarebi, tbe-
kuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia mcxeTa, romelic TviT warmoad- bi, mTis mdinareebi, xeobebi, tyeebi, xeluxlebeli bune-
gens umniSvnelovanes istoriul-kulturul Zegls. ba, istoriul-arqiteqturuli Zeglebi, cxovelTa da
mcxeTa Cveni qveynis uZvelesi qalaqia, romelic V sau- mcenareTa endemuri jiSebi, tradiciebi, kultura,
kunemde saqarTvelos dedaqalaqi iyo. igi aragvisa da folklori da rewva, rac iZleva kulturuli, samTo--
mtkvris SesarTavTan mdebareobs da dRevandeli saqar- saTxilamuro ekologiuri, saTavgadasavlo, aRmoCeniTi,
Tvelos erT-erTi umniSvnelovanesi turistuli adgi- samonadireo, agro-, samkurnalo da profilaqtikuri
lia. aq dgas didebuli sveticxoveli. qalaqs Tavs dah- turizmis ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. mxareSi domini-
yurebs jvris taZari. aqvea zedaznis mTac, sadac le- rebs sami turistuli produqti: zafxulis dasveneba
gendis Tanaxmad, aRmarTuli iyo qarTvelTa cixe-koSke- (klimatur-sakurorto adgilebSi), zamTris dasveneba
bi _ armazi, gaci da gaimi. (samTo-saTxilamuro adgilebSi) da aRmoCeniTi turizmi
xevsureTis uZvelesi sofeli Satili cnobilia (istoriuli Zeglebis adgilebSi). mcxeTa-mTianeTSi
unikaluri nagebobebiT, romlebic erTsadaimave dros sul 5 kurorti da 25 sakurorto adgilia.
sacxovrebelic iyo da cixe-simagrec. marTalia dRes imereTi reliefis mixedviT mravalferovania. am te-
Satili TiTqmis dacarielda, magram am nagebobebma ma- ritoriaze bevri eklesia-monasteria. maT Sorisaa bag-
inc ucvleli saxiT moaRwia Cvens epoqamde. Satilis ratis taZari da daviT aRmaSeneblis TaosnobiT XII sa-
ramdenime koSki muzeumad aris qceuli. samwuxarod ukuneSi agebuli gelaTis samonastro kompleqsi. es
dRes Satilamde misasvleli samanqane gza moSlilia ukanaskneli 1995 wels, bagratis taZarTan erTad, ro-
da iq miRweva cxeniT an orxidiani manqanebiT aris Se- gorc msoflio memkvidreobis saganZuri, iuneskom aR-
saZlebeli, isic mxolod zafxulSi, roca Tovli dne- ricxvaze aiyvana. gelaTis taZarSi bevri qarTveli me-
ba da zvavsaSiSroebac mcirdeba, miuxedavad amisa, zaf- fea dakrZaluli. mTavar karibWeSia daviT aRmaSeneb-
xulobiT Satils damsveneblebi ar aklia. lis saflavic. gadmocemis Tanaxmad, mefes uTxovia, mi-
mcxeTa-mTianeTs bevri turistuli RirsSesaniSnao- si neSti daekrZalaT gelaTis monastris SesasvlelSi,
ba gaaCnia. amitom es mxare Zalian sainteresoa mogza- raTa nebismier Semsvlels misi saflavis qvaze daedga
urTaTvis, gansakuTrebiT alpinizmis da mTis Tavgada- fexi. saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi qva gacvda da daibzara,
savlebis moyvarulTaTvis. aq turistebs SeuZliaT jix- amitom am karibWiT dRes aRar sargebloben, Tumca da-
vebze nadirobac. am regionSi aris uamravi Zveli ekle-
713 714
interesebis SemTxvevaSi nebismier turists SeuZlia samedicino turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT. 2006
masTan miaxloeba da daTvaliereba. wlidan quTaisSi moqmedebs dasavleT saqarTvelos
saTaflias nakrZalSi mdebare erT-erTi uzarmaza- erovnuli samedicino centri. igi dRes evropis erT-er-
ri mRvime 30 mln wlis ganmavlobaSi gamokveTa patara Ti wamyvani samkurnalo dawesebulebaa, romelmac SeZ-
mdinarem. mRvimes ori gamosasvleli aqvs. zamTris mi- lo samedicino turizmis ganviTareba. quTaisSi samkur-
wuruls, roca mRvimis CrdiloeT mxares jer kidev nalod Camodian pacientebi ruseTidan, azerbaijanidan,
Tovli devs, samxreT nawili nairferi yvavilebiT ifa- TurqeTidan, germaniidan, Sotlandiidan, estoneTidan,
reba. turists SeuZlia sul raRac 30-35 wuTSi zamTri- ukrainidan da a. S.
dan gazafxulSi gadainacvlos. nakrZalSi binadroben imereTSi arsebobs aRmoCeniTi da saTavgadasavlo _
gareuli futkrebi, ris gamoc am adgils ~saTaflia” samToqveiTi, samTo-sacxenosno, raftingis da sxva saxe-
daerqva. saTaflia imiTac aris saintereso, rom es obis turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebic, romlis sa-
aris erTaderTi adgili mTel msoflioSi, sadac er- Sualebasac iZleva mTisa da tyis resursebi. imereTSi
TmaneTis gverdigverd aRbeWdilia mtacebeli da bala- agreTve arsebobs religiuri turizmis ganviTarebis
xismWameli dinozavrebis 200-mde nakvalevi. gamokvleve- realuri pirobebic. amJamad imereTSi 53 sakurorto-da-
biT dadginda, rom 120 mln wlis win am adgilebSi 7 sasvenebeli bazaa (sairme, wyaltubo, sulori, simone-
sxvadasxva saxeobis 25 dinozavrs gauvlia. balaxismWa- Ti, zvare, amaRleba da a.S.). wyaltubo mravalprofili-
melTa simaRle 6 metri, wona ki 30 tona yofila. vanSi ani, balneologiuri kurortia, Termuli mineraluri
aRmoCenilia Cvens welTa aRricxvamde VIII saukuniT da- wylebiT, romelic kurnavs 60 saxis daavadebas. imere-
TariRebuli 1000-ze meti oqros saganZuri, romlis nax- Tis turistuli produqciis prioritets kurortebi da
vac SesaZlebelia vanis arqeologiur muzeumSi da sa- gamajansaRebeli zonebi warmoadgenen. regionis lamazi
qarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumSi. xaragaulis raionSi landSafti, samkurnalo wylebi balneologiur kuror-
arsebobs nunisis mRvime. aq gadmoedineba nunisis Ter- tebs xdis mimzidvels turistebisaTvis.
muli wyaro, romelic cnobilia SesaniSnavi samkurna- samcxe-javaxeTi mdebareobs saqarTvelos samxre-
lo TvisebebiT. TiT, somxeTisa da TurqeTis sazRvarze. am maRalmTian
amrigad, imereTis regions gaaCnia saukeTeso turis- mxareSi Zalian mkacri zamTari da cxeli zafxuli
tuli resursebi. saqarTvelos satranzito potencia- icis. tyeebi gvxvdeba borjomis mxareSi. borjomis mine-
lis realizeba mniSvnelovanwilad xdeba swored am raluri wyali mTel msoflioSia cnobili Tavisi sam-
regionis gavliT. imereTi mdebareobs notio subtropi- kurnalo TvisebebiT. es mxare mdidaria istoriuli
kul klimatSi. mxaris dabal- da saSualomTian raio- ZeglebiT, romelsac uamravi turisti da damTvaliere-
nebSi zRvis gavlena Sesustebulia, magram maTTvis da- beli hyavs. abasTumani saqarTvelos erT-erTi samTo
maxasiaTebelia notio klimati, sadac zamTari civia, kurortia, romelic asTmuri da sasunTqi gzebis sxva
zafxuli ki _ SedarebiT mSrali da cxeli. mxare mdi- daavadebaTa samkurnalod aRiarebuli teritoriaa. at-
daria mineraluri wylebiT, istoriuli da kulturu- mosfero aq sufTa da gamWvirvalea, xolo mtveri_nak-
li ZeglebiT. imereTSi axali SesaZleblobebi iqmneba lebi. mziani dReebis raodenoba weliwadSi 250-ze meti-
715 716
a. javaxeTSi, walkisa da ninowmindis sazRvarze mdeba- daniSnulebis darbazi da Teatris Senobac ki, sadac
reobs Camqrali vulkani, romelsac ~Wiqianis” mTas dRemde aris SemorCenili scena da mayureblisaTvis
uwodeben. masze aRmarTulia 5 m simaRlis qvis sveti. gankuTvnili adgili.
igi TariRdeba Zv. w. aRr.-mde II aTaswleuliT. Sida qarTlis administraciuli centria gori, ro-
eruSeTis mTis kalTaze gamokveTili varZiis samo- melSic didi turistuli potencialia Tavmoyrili. aq
nastro ansambli 500 metrzea gadaWimuli da 13 sarTu- klimati sub-kontinenturi da zomierad Tbilia. gori
lisagan Sedgeba. X_XII saukuneebSi aqve arsebobda yovelTvis warmoadgenda Sida qarTlis Tavdacvis sa-
kldis sofeli _ ananuri, romelic dRemde TiTqmis da- Sualebas. am regionis istoriul-kulturuli Rirebu-
uzianebladaa SemorCenili. samcxe-javaxeTi gamoirCeva lebebidan gamomdinare, igi gadaiqca Sida qarTlis
tbaTa simravliT, romelTa umravlesoba noembridan ma- mniSvnelovan turistul centrad. vizitorTa yvelaze
isis bolomde gayinulia. samcxeT-javaxeTSia saqarTve- didi kontigenti swored 2008 wels dafiqsirda, rac
los udidesi tba faravanic, zafxulobiT roca cxela, ruseT-saqarTvelos omis SedegebiT iyo gamowveuli.
faravnis napirebTan uamravi turisti adis da ramdeni- goris, atenis, ufliscixis marSutebi am regionSi iZ-
me dRis ganmavlobaSi karvebSi cxovrobs. leva turizmis ganviTarebis karg SesaZleblobas. Sida
Sida qarTli SemosazRvrulia lixis, TrialeTisa qarTlis regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis xelSesawyo-
da kavkasionis qediT. igi aerTianebs xuT raions. Sida bad saWiroa turistuli marSutebis paketebis damuSa-
qarTlis teritoriaze mdebareobs arqiteqturisa da veba.
kulturis mravali Zegli, yinwvisisa da samTavis ekle- am Zveli qalaqis centrSi maRal kldovan borcvze
sia, rkinis samonastro kompleqsi, qvaTaxevis monaste- aRmarTulia goris istoriuli cixe-simagre. gorSi Ca-
ri, atenis sioni, ikorTis taZari, ivane javaxiSvilis, sul qarTvel da ucxoel turistTa interess iwvevs
iakob gogebaSvilis, ivane maCablisa da dimitri yifia- ioseb stalinis saxl-muzeumic, romelic Sedgeba sta-
nis saxl-muzeumebi. Sida qarTlSi kavkasionis qedze linis memorialuri saxlis, piradi vagonisa da misi
gadaSlilia yelis vulkanuri warmoSobis zegani, ro- cxovrebis amsaxveli 7 darbazisagan. qarelis raionSi,
melzec bevri tbaa. maT Soris yvelaze didia yelis mdebareobs yinwvisis monasteri. aq wminda nikolozis
tba, saidanac saTaves iRebs md. qsani. tbis wyali taZarSi Semonaxulia Tamar mefis portreti. aRniSnuli
mtknaria. masSi arcerTi saxeobis Tevzi ar binadrobs. taZari agebulia XII_XIII saukuneTa mijnaze. igi cnobi-
tba 7-8 Tvis ganmavlobaSi yinuliTaa dafaruli. Sida lia araCveulebrivi kedlis mxatvrobiT.
qarTlSi uamravi istoriuli Zeglia SemorCenili. maT qvemo qarTli warmodgenilia mravalferovani lan-
Sorisaa ufliscixec _ qalaqi, romelic mTlianad dS.aftiT. aq vrcel, moSiSvlebul vakeebs maRali
kldeSi aris gamokveTili. ufliscixe kavkasiis teri- mwvervalebi enacvleba. qvemo qarTli cnobilia xuroT-
toriaze erT-erTi uZvelesi dasaxleba iyo. masze gadi- moZRvruli ZeglebiT. maT Soris umniSvnelovanesia V
oda savaWro gza. qalaqs mtris Semosevisagan icavda saukuneSi agebuli bolnisis sioni. dmanisis naqalaqa-
kldekari, romlis simaRlec 10 m, sigrZe ki 150 metria. ri iyo Sua saukuneebis saqarTvelos msxvili strate-
am uZveles qalaqSi turists SeuZlia naxos sxvadasxva giuli centri. aq gadioda wina aziisaken gamavali saqa-
717 718
ravno gza. dmanisi mTel msoflioSi gaxda cnobili aq kaxeTis regions gaaCnia turizmis ganviTarebis
aRmoCenili pirvelyofili adamianis naSTebis gamo. mniSvnelovani potenciali. is mdidaria istoriul-kul-
TeTri wyaros raionSi mdebareobs uZvelesi war- turuli ZeglebiT, RirsSesaniSnaobebiT, kulturuli
marTuli salocavi_WivWivas menhiri. TeTriwyaros rai- memkvidreobiTa da tradiciebiT. amitom am regionSi Se-
onSi, TrialeTis qedze, TeZamisa da algeTis wyalgasa- saZlebelia saojaxo, agro-, saTavgadasavlo, samonadi-
yarze mdebareobs bunebis saocreba _ TrialeTis klde- reo da ekoturizmis ganviTareba. bunebriv-klimaturi
kari. bunebas klde TiTqos sagangebod Suaze gaupia da pirobebisa da mdidari naturaluri kulturis mraval-
karis msgavsi gasasvleli warmouqmnia. TrialeTis ferovnebidan gamomdinare, TuSeTi flobs turistuli
klde-kari istoriulad cnobili adgilia. aq iyo klde- resursebis did potencials: cadazidul, bumberaz
karis saerisTavos centri, sadac dResac Cans XI_XII mTebs, Tovlian-yinulian mwvervalebs, wyaluxv mdinare-
saukuneebSi agebul cixe-simagreTa nangrevebi. klde-- ebs, CanCqerebs, tbebs, dacul teritoriebs, florasa
kars didi strategiuli daniSnuleba hqonda saerisTa- da faunas, xalxur tradiciebs, Sina meurneobas da a.
vosaTvis. sul raRac ramdenime meomars SeeZlo dRee- S.
bis ganmavlobaSi klde-karis viwro da miudgomel ga- TuSeTi Sefenilia mTis ferdobze, ris gamoc igi
sasvlelTan mtris mTeli jaris Sekaveba. klimaturad sagrZnoblad gansxvavdeba kaxeTis danarCe-
kaxeTi saqarTvelos mxareebs Soris, farTobis mini kuTxeebisagan. aq kargad aris SemorCenili mTis
xedviT, yvelaze didia. is or istoriul kuTxes kaxeT- mcxovrebTa Zveli adaT-wesebi da tradiciebi. gansakuT-
sa da TuSeTs moicavs. kaxeTis buneba mravalferovania. rebuli teqnologiiT damzadebuli kaxuri Rvino mTel
turistebs aq mogzaurobis dros SeuZliaT ixilon na- msoflioSi aris cnobili. VI saukuneSi asurelma mama
xevarudabnoebi da myinvarebiT dafaruli mwvervalebi, daviTma daaarsa samonastro kompleqsi_daviTgareja,
didi vakeebi da maRal mTebSi Camaluli soflebi, romelic aerTianebs 19 monasters. aq arsebobs asketu-
alaznis vake, romlis SuaSic gaedineba mdinare alaza- ri cxovrebisTvis Sesaferisi mkacri bunebrivi pirobe-
ni. kaxeTSia naxevarudabnos landSaftis mqone elda- bi. TuSeTSi wyalsac ki saSinlad mware gemo hqonda,
ris dablobi. Telavi kaxeTis mxaris administraciuli magram gadmocemis Tanaxmad, mama-daviTis locviT wya-
centria. es Zveli qalaqi mdidaria istoriuli Zegle- li gamtknarda da dasalevad vargisi gaxda. am wyaros,
biT. qalaqis centrSi dgas mefe erekle II-is sasaxle, romelic dResac wveTobiT gamoedineba kldidan da
romelsac gars artyia Zveli cixis nangrevebi. Telavis bevr daavadebas kurnavs ~daviTis cremlebi” uwodes.
umaRlesi adgilidan iSleba alaznis velis STambeWda- daviTgarejis samonastro kompleqsi kldeSi aris ga-
vi xedi. Telavis maxlobladaa iyalTos, SuamTis mo- mokveTili, romelic dResac funqcionirebs.
nastrebi da yvelaze maRali taZari saqarTveloSi_a- TuSeTi zRvis donidan 4500 metris simaRleze mde-
laverdi, romlis simaRlec aRwevs 50 m-s.1 bareobs. is ekuTvnis alpuri havis zols, haeris zomie-
ri sinotiviT, mzis naTebis didi xangrZlivobiT, susti
qarebiT, zomieri temperaturiT, ultraiisfer sxivTa
1 soxaZe m. saqarTvelos atlasi. bakur sulakauris gamomcem- simravliT. zafxuli aq grili da moklea. TuSeTis te-
loba. Tbilisi, 2008, gv.: 52.
719 720
ritoriaze mravali safexmavlo da sacxenosno bilikia. saqarTveloSi sagareo turizmis
igi mdidaria lamazi peizaJebiT da floriT. TuSeTSi ganviTarebis istoria
SeiZleba ganviTardes samonadireo turizmi. mas gaaCnia
daculi teritoriebi, erovnuli parki, nakrZali da a.
saqarTvelo uZvelesi civilizaciis mqone qveyanaa,
S.
radganac misi saxelmwifoebrioba iTvlis 3000 welze
siRnaRi patara da lamazi qalaqia, romelic Tana-
mets. igi gamoirCeva Zveli qristianuli kulturiT,
medrove etapze turistebis sayvarel adgilad iTvleba.
damwerlobiTa da tradiciebiT. Cveni qveynis kulturi-
maT saSualeba aqvT, Zveli qalaqis viwro, qviT mokir-
sadmi gansakuTrebul interess iCendnen Zveli berZnebi
wylul quCebSi iseirnon, qalaqis karibWidan gadaxedon
da romaelebi. marTlac saqarTveloSi turizmis ganvi-
alaznis vels, siRnaRis erovnul muzeumSi daaTvalie-
Tarebis istorias safuZvlad daedo 30 saukunis win,
ron uamravi mniSvnelovani eqsponati, maT Soris qar-
oqros sawnisis monaxulebis mizniT, maSindel qarTul
Tveli mxatvris niko firosmanis namuSevrebi. siRnaRis
saxelmwifoSi ~kolxeTSi” argonavtebis Camosvla. maTi
maxloblad turistebs SeuZliaT daaTvalieron bodbis
yuradReba miipyro medicinam, romelic im droisaTvis
dedaTa monasteri, sadac wminda ninoa dakrZaluli.
sakmaod maRal doneze yofila ganviTarebuli Cvens
Tbilisi gaSenebulia aRmosavleT saqarTvelos
qveyanaSi. arsebobs mosazreba, rom termini _medicina
mtkvris xeobaSi. mdinare qalaqs or nawilad yofs.
ukavSirdeba argonavtebis legendis erT-erTi gmiris,
Tbilisi oTxive mxridan mTebiTa da qedebiT aris gar-
qarTveli qalis medeas saxels, romelic iyo daufle-
Semortymuli. qalaqi Tavisive saxelobis qvabulSia
buli xalxur medicinas. qarTuli ena da damoukidebe-
moqceuli. Tbiliss mravali RirsSesaniSnaoba aqvs. qa-
li damwerloba uZvelesia mTel msoflioSi. Zvel qar-
laqis erTiani xedi yvelaze kargad mTawmindidan Cans.
Tvel tomebs _ halibebs ukavSirdeba msoflio civili-
mTa, romelic Tbiliss dascqeris, asureli mama davi-
zaciis iseTi sadaveebi, rogoricaa rkinis warmoeba (ha-
Tis saxels atarebs. dedaqalaqis mTavari quCa aris
libus berZnulad niSnavs rkinas). ufro adre ki Zvelma
rusTavelis gamziri. am qalaqSi aris mravali istori-
berZnebma saqarTvelos daukavSires legendaruli gmi-
uli da Tanamedrove nageboba. elias mTidan qalaqs
ris promeTes saxeli. Cveni qveyana aRiarebulia Rvinis
Tavs dahyurebs samebis sakaTedro taZari. igi udidesia
samSoblod, rac dasturdeba istoriis saxelmwifo mu-
saqarTveloSi da erTdroulad aTasobiT mlocvels
zeumSi daculi, Zvel welTa aRricxviT mesame aTas-
itevs. Sardenis quCaze arsebuli Zveli saxlebi da ev-
wleulSi damzadebuli vazis sasxlavi iaraRiT.
ropuli tipis Ria kafeebi ucxoeli turistebis sayva-
cnobilia, rom saqarTvelos uwodeben `RvTis mSob-
reli adgilia. Tbiliss ramdenime kulturuli centri
lis wilxvedr qveyanas”. aq aris damarxuli qristes
aqvs. maT Soris yvelaze sainteresoa Zveli Tbilisi.
kvarTi, sadac XI saukuneSi aRimarTa sveticxovelis
Tbilisis mTavari mSvenebaa qalaqis uZvelesi nawili _
didebuli taZari. qveyanaSi 12 aTasi istoriuli Zegli
orTaWalidan baraTaSvilis xidamde, erTmaneTTan aiv-
da 150 muzeumia mravali saganZuriT. saqveynod ganTqmu-
nebiT SeerTebuli Zveleburi baniani saxlebi, patara
lia qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba, romlis Sesaxeb wer-
Sida ezoebi da viwro quCebi.
721 722
dnen TavianT werilobiT wyaroebSi msoflioSi cnobi- zegavlenis Sedegad Cvenma qveyanam dakarga es umniSvne-
li mematianeebi. qarTuli folkloris unikalur nimu- lovanesi roli. mxolod 1991 wlis Semdeg saqarTve-
Sebs, cecxlovan cekvebsa da mravalxmovan qarTul sim- lom aRidgina aRniSnuli funqcia. Cveni qveynisadmi
Rerebs aRfrTovanebaSi mohyavT mravlismnaxveli msof- ucxoel turistTa daintereseba kidev ufro gaizarda
lio turistebi. am patara qveynis calkeul regionSi 1999 wlis Semdeg, rac TbilisTan axlos dmanisSi aR-
mkveTrad icvleba xalxis yofa, dialeqti, zne-Cveule- moCenil iqna pirvelyofili adamianis ConCxi1. dmanisis
bebi, xasiaTi, Cacmuloba, samzareulo, simRerebi da teritoriaze 1,7 mln wlis win afrikidan wamosuli
cekvebic ki. unikaluria qarTuli samzareulo, romlis adamianis uZvelesi winapari_homo ergasteri cxovrob-
mravalferovneba eyrdnoba aTaswlovan kulturul gada, romelic amzadebda martiv iaraRebs, nadirobda
mocdilebas. spiloze, Jirafze, daTvsa da vefxvze. am aRmoCeniT Cve-
Zvelad mogzauroba TveobiT da wlobiT grZelde- ni qveyana iqca pirveli evropelis samSoblod.
boda. igi iZleoda aramarto gamocdilebas, aramed mra- saqarTveloze gamavali e. w. ~abreSumis gza” miemar-
valmxriv informacias qveynebis, adaT-wesebis da kul- Teboda indoeTidan da CineTidan evropisaken. amitom
turis Sesaxeb. saqarTveloSi turistebi uZvelesi dro- qvebiT mokirwyluli gzebisa da xidebis, sarkinigzo
idan Camodiodnen antikuri xanis naqalaqarebis dasaT- da saavtomobilo magistralebis mSeneblobas odiTgan-
valiereblad, romelTac ganekuTvneba: armazi (mcxeTa); ve eqceoda yuradReba Cvens qveyanaSi. saerTaSoriso
cixe-goji (naqalaqevi, senaki); antikuri kolxeTis re- turizmis ganviTarebas odiTganve uwyobda xels saqar-
ligiuri centri – vani; nastakisi da Zalisi; kldeSi Tvelos yvela kuTxeSi agebuli, mezobel saxelmwifo-
nakveTi antikuri qalaqi – ufliscixe da sxva. maT ebTan damakavSirebeli avtomagistralebi. lixis qedSi
ricxvs ganekuTvneba agreTve IV-VII saukunis adreuli (rikoTis uReltexilis qveS) gayvanilma saavtomobilo
feodaluri xanis unikaluri Zeglebi _ IV saukuneSi gvirabma mniSvnelovnad gaaadvila dasavleT da aRmo-
agebuli Zveli gavazi, V saukuneSi agebuli bolnisis savleT saqarTvelos Soris mimosvla. amJamad mimdina-
sioni; VI saukuneSi agebuli mcxeTa-jvari. reobs Cqarosnuli sarkinigzo magistralisa da avtoba-
saqarTvelo Tavisi istoriis manZilze iseT xel- nis mSenebloba. qveyanaSi I sarkinigzo xazi gaixsna
sayrel politikur garemoSi arasodes ar moqceula, foTsa da zestafons Soris 1871 wels. wifis gvirabma
rogorc es X-XII-ss-Si iyo. mtkvris gaRma_isanSi, kldis daakavSira aRmosavleT-dasavleT saqarTvelo.
piras dgas XIII saukunis xuroTmoZRvruli Zegli, mete- saqarTvelos savaWro marSrutebis ganviTareba war-
xis taZari. am dros damyarda intensiuri savaWro kav- moudgenelia dasasvenebli adgilebis da mogzaurTa
Sirebi aRmosavleTis, dasavleTis, samxreTisa da Crdi- momsaxurebisaTvis aucilebeli, Tundac primitiuli in-
loeTis qveynebTan. igi daiqsela satranzito gzebiT. frastruqturis funqcionirebis gareSe. saintereso is-
saqarTvelo uZvelesi droidan asrulebda evropisa da
aziis damakavSirebeli xidis funqcias. 1454 wlidan 1 miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi da
jer 300 wlis ganmavlobaSi iranisa da TurqeTis zegav- tendenciebi. Jurn: turizmis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi:.
lenis, xolo bolo 200 wlis ganmavlobaSi, ruseTis gamomc. `SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti”, baTumi,
2007, gv. _ 32-54.
723 724
toria aqvs Tbilisis turistuli resursebis formire- im periodisTvis turistuli saqmianoba emyareboda
bas. Tbilisis teritoriaze mosaxleoba uxsovari dro- turistebis ganTavsebis saxelmwifo saSualebebs an
idan cxovrobda. Tbilisis meriis Senoba agebulia XIX profkavSirTa sakuTrebaSi myof sastumro saxlebs. tu-
s-Si germaneli arqiteqtoris proeqtis mixedviT. XIX ristuli nakadebis marTva mTeli wlis ganmavlobaSi
saukuniT aris daTariRebuli operisa da baletis Te- xdeboda centralizebulad. turistuli nakadebi mie-
atris Senobac. aq cixec ki mdgara. Tumca Tbilisis, marTeboda uwyvetad, yvela mineraluri wylebisa da
rogorc qalaqad gaSeneba ukavSirdeba mefe vaxtang samkunnalo kurortebisaken. saqarTveloSi, turistuli
gorgasalis saxels. Zvel TbilisSi mdebareobs XIX sa- dasveneba efuZneboda samkurnalo-sakurorto wyaroebs.
ukuneSi agebuli gogirdis abano da qarvasla. dRes amrigad, sabWoTa periodSi, saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad
maT samuzeumo daniSnuleba aqvT. nariyalas cixis nan- turizmis ori saxeoba iyo ganviTarebuli: eseni iyo: 1.
grevebi Tavs dascqeris Zvel ubnebs. kulturuli turizmi, romelic moixsenieboda rogorc
kurortebis Seqmna saqarTveloSi daiwyo jer kidev ,,SemecnebiTi” turizmi da 2. samkurnalo turizmi (12 an
XIX saukunis meore naxevarSi. swored am dros iqna aT- 24 dRiani sagzuriT qveynis sxvadsxva sanatoriumebsa
visebuli kurortebi: borjomi da abasTumani. calke da ganTavsebis adgilebSi). dasasvenebeli an gasarTobi
agarakad gadaiqca kojori, XIX-e saukunis bolodan turizmi ZiriTadad ganviTarebuli iyo saqarTvelos
iwyeba Savi zRvispireTis sakurorto resursebis aTvi- Savi zRvis sanapiroze da igi kulturuli turizmis
sebac. xolo saerTod mecnierul doneze sakurorto elementebsac Seicavda.
saqmis gegmazomieri ganviTareba daiwyo 1926 wlidan. qveynis damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg mimdina-
1990-ian wlebamde sakurorto turistuli meurneo- re politikurma da mZime socialur–ekonomikurma fon-
bis ganviTarebam maRal dones miaRwia. am droisaTvis ma faqtobrivad moSala da gaaCanaga sastumroebis, sa-
saqarTvelo iyo mesame adgilze, turizmis ganviTarebis natoriumebis, dasasvenebeli saxlebisa da sxva turis-
mixedviT, ruseTisa da ukrainis Semdeg. aq gadioda 120- tuli obieqtebis umravlesoba. 1990-iani wlebis Semdgo-
ze meti saerTaSoriso da Sida turistuli marSruti, mi periodi saqarTvelos turistul cxovrebaSi Zalian
aRiricxeboda 600-ze meti sastumro, turistuli baza, mZime da rTuli aRmoCnda. Cveni qveyana, Tavisi gansa-
sanatoriumi, dasasvenebeli saxli, kempingi da sxva da- kuTrebuli geografiuli mdebareobis miuxedavad, saer-
wesebuleba. TaSoriso turistuli procesebisagan TiTqmis izoli-
yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebisaTvis saqarTve- rebuli aRmoCnda.
lo TiTqmis erTaderT subtropikul mxares warmoad- qveyanas rogorc Sida, ise gare turizmis aRorZine-
genda. sadac Seiqmna masobrivi turizmis, sakurorto ba TiTqmis Tavidan mouxda. saqarTveloSi ganviTarebu-
mkurnalobis da dasvenebis mniSvnelovan obieqtTa far- li cnobili politikuri movlenebis Semdeg (omebi sa-
To qseli. 1990-ian wlebamde, saqarTvelos turizmis maCablosa da afxazeTSi) bevri samkurnalo dawesebu-
mTavari safuZveli iyo mkurnaloba da mineraluri leba mTlianad daingra da gaiZarcva. samkurnalo tu-
wylebi. Svebulebis periodSi es iyo dro, roca saqar- rizmis produqtebze Sida bazarze moTxovna dabalia
Tvelo iRebda 4 mln turists.
725 726
infrastruqturis ganuviTreblobisa da servisis daba- los Tavisi bunebrivi, geografiuli, klimaturi, rekre-
li xarisxis gamo. aciuli SesaZleblobebisa da istoriul-kulturuli
memkvidreobis gamo, sakurorto saqmianobis didi poten-
ciali gaaCnia.
saqarTvelos turistul-sakurorto upirveles yovlisa, jer unda ganisazRvros, Tu ra
potenciali SeiZleba SesTavazos saqarTvelom ucxoel turistebs.
Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia kargi bunebriv-klimaturi peizaJe-
bi: lamazi zRvis sanapiro, Tovliani mTebi, (iseve, ro-
msoflioSi iSviaTia iseTi saxelmwifo, romelic
gorc es SveicariaSi aris xolme), magram yvelaferi es
Seedreba Cvens qveyanas turistul-rekreaciuli resur-
unda icodnen rogorc evropis, ise aziisa da sxva sa-
sebis mixedviT. amitom igi masobrivi turizmis ganviTa-
xelmwifoTa moqalaqeebmac, unda moxdes maTi daintere-
rebis unikalur zonas warmoadgens. turizmis sxvadas-
seba saqarTveloSi CamosvliT, maTTvis SemuSavebeli
xva mimarTulebis ganviTarebisaTvis saqarTvelos gaaC-
unda iqnes specialuri programa: sad, rogor da ramden
nia xeluxlebeli landSafti, mravalferovani buneba,
xans SeeZlebaT maT dasveneba? ra RirsSesaniSnaobebis
evropis umaRlesi mTebi, saintereso kulturuli, arqe-
daTvaliereba SeeZlebaT maT? rogoria qarTuli kerZe-
ologiuri da arqiteqturuli potenciali. yvelaferi
bi, stumarT-maspinZloba, servisis xarisxi, turistuli
es ki, erTad aRebuli, qmnis unikalur SesaZleblobebs
infrastruqtura? agreTve rogori pirobebi izidavT
mogzaurobis sxvadasxva formebis dasanergad.
ucxoel turistebs?
marTalia, Cvens qveyanaSi prioriteti miniWebuli
aqedan gamomdinare, turizmis ganviTareba gansakuT-
aqvs turizms, magram mxedvelobidan gamorCenilia is
rebiT mniSvnelovania Cveni qveynisaTvis, radganac dRe-
garemoeba, rom turizmi es aris umZlavresi industria
vandeli finansuri da ekonomikuri krizisis periodSi,
da Zalian bevr sferos moicavs, romelic ekonomikurad
igi xels uwyobs dasaqmebisa da Semosavlebis zrdas,
mWidrodaa erTmaneTTan dakavSirebuli. amitom mTeli
Tanmdevi dargebis aRorZinebas, stimuls aZlevs erov-
qveynis masStabiT, Tundac infrastruqturis araTanab-
nuli da adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebas, uzrun-
rad ganviTareba gaauaresebs turizmis ganviTarebas.
velyofs ucxouri valutis qveyanaSi Semodinebas, exma-
arada, saerTaSoriso turizmis aqtiur ganviTarebas
reba SedarebiT CamorCenili, depresiuli regionebis
didi mogebis motana SeuZlia Cveni qveynis ekonomiki-
socialur-ekonomikur winsvlas.1 amis Sesabamisad mxed-
saTvis. saqarTveloSi mkveTrad Seicvala turizmSi ad-
velobaSi unda iqnes miRebuli TiToeuli konkretuli
re arsebuli mdgomareoba. turizms, rogorc qveynis um-
qveynis moqalaqeTa turistuli interesi. Tu gadavxe-
sxviles bizness, Tavisi dawerili Tu dauwereli kano-
davT statistikur monacemebs aRmoCndeba, rom saqar-
nebi aqvs. misi gaTvaliswineba saqarTvelosaTvisac au-
TveloSi turistuli motiviT mogzauroben TurqeTis,
cilebelia. es upirvelesad exeba turizmis dagegmvis
xarisxs, momsaxurebis standartebis amaRlebas, infras- 1 miqaSaviZe v. mcire mewarmeoba _ turizmis ganviTarebis umni-
truqturis gaumjobesebas da sxva aspeqtebs. saqarTve- Svnelovanesi mimarTuleba. turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi. ga-
momcemloba ùniversali”, baTumi, 2010, gv: – 280.
727 728
inglisis, germaniis, israelis, poloneTis, baltiispi- 2. didi da mcire zomis kavkasionis mTagrexilebi,
reTis qveynebis, safrangeTis, somxeTis, azerbaijanis, romelic Savidan kaspiis zRvamdea gadaWimuli da sig-
ruseTisa da ukrainis moqalaqeebi. rZiT 1500 km-s aRwevs. saqarTvelos mTianeTi samTo--
bunebrivia, Cvens qveyanaSi turizmi sxva qveynebis saTxilamuro turizmisa da alpinizmis ganviTarebisaT-
msgavsad viTardeba, magram maT Soris mainc arsebobs vis qmnis uaRresad xelsayrel pirobas. kavkasionis
gansxvaveba da Tanac sakmaod didi. es exeba aramarto mwvervalebis simaRle 4000 m-s aRwevs. 1
tendenciebs, aramed ukve miRebul Sedegebsac. swored 3. kurortebi. klimaturi parametrebis formirebas
aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroa gadavxedoT turistuli in- ganapirobebs xmelTaSua zRvispireTis zomieri, notio
dustriis ZiriTad tendenciebs Cvens qveyanaSi. konku- da mSrali kontinenturi kaspis zRvis auzi.
rencia, romelic mTavari faqtoria turistuli servi- hava dasavleT saqarTveloSi upiratesad notio,
sis donis asamaRleblad, dRes saqarTveloSi sakmaod subtropikulia, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi igi
dabalia. aris subtropikulidan zomierisaken gardamavali. ian-
bunebam uxvad daajildova saqarTvelo turistul- vris saSualo temperatura meryeobs _20-dan +30-mde, ag-
rekreaciuli resursebiT. msoflioSi ar moiZebneba vistoSi igi +23 _ +260-ia. dasavleT saqarTveloSi, ro-
iseTi adgilebi, sadac iseT mcire teritoriaze, rac melic Sav zRvas esazRvreba, modis weliwadSi
Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia, ganlagebulia amdeni erTmaneTi- 1000_2800 mm naleqi, xolo aRmosavleT saqarTveloSi
sagan mkveTrad gansxvavebuli landSafti. amitom saqar- ki _ 300-dan 600 mm-mde naleqi.
Tvelo, Tavisi unikaluri bunebriv-ekonomikuri pirobe- saqarTveloSi mdinareebi miekuTvneba Savi da kaspi-
biT, iZleva erT-erT Zlier turistul saxelmwifod is zRvebis auzebs. mravalferovani da mdidaria am
gadaqcevis SesaZleblobas. Cvens qveyanaSi udidesi sa- qveynis mcenareuli safari. tyeebs uWiravs teritoriis
Sualebebia Tavmoyrili turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis: 1/3-ze meti, qveda sartyelSi warmodgenilia xis farTo-
kolxeTis dablobis sub-tropikuli zona (ganumeorebe- foTlovani jiSebi (muxa, rcxila, wabli, wifeli da
li sazRvao landSaftiT), kavkasiis mTianeTi (eniT sxva), zedamTian sartyelSi gavrcelebulia wiwvovani
aRuwereli sazamTro-sazafxulo kurortebiT), aRmosav- tyeebi (soWi, naZvi), xolo maRalmTian adgilebSi ki _
leTis mSrali klimatis hava da a. S. msoflioSi iSvia- fiWvis tye. 1800 metrze maRla ganlagebulia alpuri
Tia iseTi qveyana, romelic bunebriv-klimaturi da rek- mdeloebi. florisa da faunis dasacavad Cvens qveyana-
reaciul-barneologiuri resursebiT, ase uxvad iyos Si Seqmnilia nakrZalebi. saqarTvelo kurortebis qve-
RvTisagan ~dajildoebili”. yanaa, dReisaTvis Cvens qveyanaSi 102 kurorti da 182 sa-
saqarTvelos turistul potencials gansazRvravs kurorto adgilia, romelTa umetesi nawili mdebare-
Semdegi bunebriv-klimaturi simdidre: obs Savi zRvispira da mTian regionebSi. mravalferova-
1. Savi zRvis sanapiro zoli, romlis sigrZe qveynis nia qveynis sakurorto resursebic. aRricxulia Semde-
masStabiT 318 km-ia, warmoadgens masobrivi turizmis
ganviTarebis ZiriTad safuZvels;
1 inwkirveli. turizmis ganviTarebis mdgomareoba saqarTveloSi.
Jurnali èkonomika”, Tbilisi, 2006, #9-10 gv: 89.
729 730
gi saxis samedicino-kardiologiuri, baqteorologiu- unda iqces. baTumis mdidari bunebrivi resursebi, mis
ri, anTrologiuri, ginekologiuri, nefrologiuri, uSualo siaxloves mdebare daculi teritoriebi, sayo-
urologiuri, dermatologiuri kurortebi. velTaod cnobili botanikuri baRi, Tvalwarmtaci
am qveynis kurortebi ganlagebulia sxvadasxva kli- zRvispira dasvenebis parki, qalaqis orgvliv ganlage-
matur zonaSi: zRvis sanapiroze mdebareobs SesaniSnavi buli ulamazesi soflebi, cxovrebis saintereso tra-
klimaturi kurortebi. maTgan iRebs saTaves Cvens qveya- diciebi da istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis simravle
naSi sastumroebis tipis, iseTi saxlebis mSenebloba iZleva turistuli bazris segmentaciis SesaZleblobas
rogoricaa, qarvasla, sasvenia, xani, samadlo, iami da iseTi mimarTulebebiT, rogoricaa: eko-turizmi, agro--
funduki. zRvaSi banaobis sezoni am kurortebze 5 _ 6 turizmi, saojaxo turizmi, saTavgadasavlo turizmi,
Tve grZeldeba. biznes-turizmi, SemecnebiTi turizmi da sxva saxeoba.1
turizmis ganviTarebas gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvne- zRvis donidan 700 metr simaRleze ganlagebulia
loba eniWeba baTumisaTvis, sadac am sferos did po- barneologiuri kurortebi _ wyaltubo, nabeRlavi,
tencials ganapirobebs Tbili sub-tropikuli hava, mdi- zvare, nunisi da sxva. zRvis donidan 700-1000 metr si-
dari flora da qalaqis unikaluri landSafti. Savi maRleze ganlagebulia aseve balneologiuri kurorte-
zRvis egzotikuri silamaze kidev ufro mravalfero- bi: borjomi, sairme, uwera, surami. 1000-1500 metr simaR-
vans xdis baTumis sakurorto-turistul resursebs. leze ki samTo-klimaturi kurortebi _ abasTumani, waR-
amas emateba qalaqis SemogarenSi ganlagebuli kuror- veri, cemi, fafa, manglisi. maRalmTiani zonis kuror-
tebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli gansxvavebuli, zRvisa da tebi 1500 metrs zeviT _ bakuriani, gudauri, Sovi, bax-
mTis mikroklimatis iSviaTi Sexameba, qalaqTan axlom- maro, lebarde da sxva, sadac warmatebiT mkurnaloben
debare mcenareTa da cxovelTa uiSviaTesi endemuri da filtvis, tuberkulozis, asTmis, sisxlnaklebobis,
reliqturi saxeobis daculi teritoriebi, sxvadasxva gulsisxlZarRvTa daavadebebs da nervozs.2
daniSnulebis mineraluri wylebi, maTi SesaniSnavi sam- rogorc turizmis sferoSi ganviTrebuli qveynebis
kurnalo Tvisebebi da mravali sxva. gamocdilebisa da Cveni qveynis SesaZleblobebis Ses-
aWaris regionis da kerZod, baTumis turistuli po- wavla gviCvenebs, turizmis strategiuli roli saqar-
tencialis srulyofili aTvisebis TvalsazrisiT, gan- Tvelos ekonomikaSi jer kidev ar aris saTanadod gac-
sakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs sazRvao da samTo nobierebuli. mas mxolod qveynis bunebriv-klimaturi
turizmis kombinirebuli gamoyeneba. swored zRvispira pirobebiT da rekreaciuli resursebiT afaseben, Tumca
da samTo kurortebis erToblivi gamoyeneba unda gax- turizmis industriis warmatebuli ganviTarebisaTvis
des momavalSi turizmis perspeqtiuli mimarTuleba, saqarTvelos Sesabamisi bunebrivi pirobebic gaaCnia. am
romelmac unda daakmayofilos aramarto Sida, aramed
ucxoeli turistebis mudmivad mzardi moTxovnilebebi. 1. miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. ucxouri investiciebi da baTumis sa-
amitom am saxis tur-produqtze muSaobis gaaqtiureba kurorto turistuli seqtoris ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi.
ara marto bazris segmentis gafarToebis, aramed tu- biznesi da menejmenti. gamomcemloba `SoTa rusTavelis sa-
xelmwifo universiteti”, baTumi, 2010, gv: 235.
ristuli Semosavlis zrdis umniSvnelovanes faqtorad 2 metreveli m. turizmi. II Tbilisi, 2003, gv: _ 163.
731 732
TvalsazrisiT, igi msoflio turistuli samyarosaTvis bi, samkurnalo talaxebi, samkurnalo mRvimeebi da
jer kidev ~aRmouCeni” qveyanaa. Cveni qveynis turistul sxva.
SesaZleblobebs gansazRvravs misi klimati: unikaluri
pirvelqmnili landSaftebi, Termuli samkurnalo saqarTveloSi turistuli potencialis
wylebi, istoriuli Zeglebi, samkurnalo talaxebi, Sa- amoqmedebis gzebi Tanamedrove etapze
vi zRvis subtropikuli zona, mudmivi TovliTa da
myinvarebiT dafaruli kavkasionis qedi, mdidari kul- Tanamedrove etapze SeiniSneba saqarTvelos turis-
turuli da inteleqtualuri potenciali, moxerxebuli tuli potencialiT ucxoeTis mowinave firmebis dain-
geopolitikuri ganlageba da sxva. teresebis mzardi tendencia. Cvens qveyanaSi ukve fun-
magram mxolod bunebrivi upiratesobebi araa sakma- qcionirebs saerTaSoriso standartebis mqone sastum-
risi turizmis warmatebuli ganviTarebisTvis. bolo roebi TbilisSi, baTumSi, quTaisSi da sxva did qala-
dros turizmis sferoSi gazrdil moTxovnas ver akma- qebSi Tu sakurorto zobenSi magaliTad, Seratonis
yofilebs tradiciuli tipis sastumroebi, ris gamoc sastumroTa kompleqsi Tbilissa da baTumSi, ,,marko
gavrceleba hpova axali tipis sastumroebma iseTebma, polos” jaWvis ori sastumro 5 varskvlaviani sastum-
rogoricaa: hoteli, roteli, boteli, floteli, flai- ro–,,metexi” TbilisSi 720 sawoliT da gudaurSi–900
teli, kempingi da sxva. dResdReobiT saqarTveloSi sawoliT da a. S.
amaTgan gavrcelebulia hoteli. Cveni qveynis satranzi- saqarTveloSi kargma bunebriv-klimaturma pirobeb-
to adgilmdebareobidan gamomdinare, gavrcelebis rea- ma xeli Seuwyo ~soflis turizmis’’ mniSvnelovan gan-
luri perspeqtiva aqvs kempings. rac Seexeba sxvebs, viTarebas. 1990-ian wlebamde sezonis pikis periodSi
warmoebis siZviris da saqarTveloSi kapitalis defi- sxvadasxva turistuli kompleqsebi da kurortebi ver
citis gamo, maTi gavrcelebis perspeqtiva jer kidev akmayofilebda yvela damsvenebels, magram maT SesaZle-
mcirea. msoflio gamocdileba gviCvenebs, rom turiz- boba hqondaT turistuli obieqtis garSemo soflebSi
mis bazris gaaqtiureba mTel rig qveynebSi sainvesti- ganTavsebuliyvnen. aseT turistebs ,,moagarakeebi’’ ewo-
cio politikis liberalizaciiT daiwyo. debodaT, ase daibada saqarTveloSi ~soflis turiz-
iseTi qveynisTvis, rogoric saqarTveloa, turizmi mi’’, magram dRes yvelaferma aman sul sxva saxe miiRo.
da kurortebi erTmaneTisagan ganuyofelia. ar arse- saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebaze udides gavle-
bobs turistuli marSruti, romelic gverds uvlides nas axdens turistuli bazris moTxovnebi, momsaxure-
kurortsa da sakurorto adgils, iseve rogorc warmo- bis maRali xarisxi da yvela im ZiriTadi tendenciebis
udgenelia, kurortebze dasveneba, mkurnaloba da ga- gaTvaliswineba, rac turistul bazarze wina planzea
jansaReba, romelsac ar avsebdes kulturul-Semecnebi- wamoweuli. faqtiurad Cveni qveyana am procesebs
Ti, bunebis gacnobiTi da sxva saxis turistuli mimar- gverds ver auvlis. igi am procesebis uwyveti rgolis
Tulebebi. Znelad moiZebneba sxva romelime qveyana, ro- erT-erTi Semadgeneli nawilia.
melsac gaaCndes msoflioSi cnobili yvela tipis sam- qarTuli turistuli da samogzauro kompaniebi tu-
kurnalo adgilebi: zRvis klimati, mineraluri wyaroe- ristebs sTavazoben iseT SemecnebiT turebs, rogori-
733 734
caa: istoriuli Zeglebisa da arqeologiuri mxareebis qveynis ekonomikaSi turizmisa da kurortebis dargis
monaxuleba, 4000 m. simaRlis pikebze asvla, Tevzaoba realuri rolis gansazRvra.
mTis mdinareebSi, karstuli mRvimeebisa da uZvelesi saqarTveloSi turizmis konkurentunarianobis amaR-
sacxovrebeli adgilebis daTvaliereba dasavleT sa- lebisa da msoflio bazarze sakuTari adgilis dam-
qarTveloSi, Rvinis sadegustacio eqskursiis organize- kvidrebis mizniT gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba eni-
ba kaxeTSi da tradiciul samTo dResaswaulebze das- Weba qveynis turistul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa reklamire-
wreba TuSeTis soflebSi. regionebSi turistTa umrav- bas, saqarTvelos, rogorc axali qveynis aqtiurad war-
lesobis ganTavseba xdeba mcire da saSualo zomis sa- moCenasa da danarCeni msofliosaTvis mis gacnobas. tu-
ojaxo tipis sastumroebSi-sabazo momsaxurebiT. es rizmi Cveni qveynis imijia. misi ganviTareba SeuZlebe-
stumrebs aZlevs unikalur Sanss axlos gaecnon adgilia masze moqmedi mTeli rigi faqtorebis gaTvaliswi-
lobriv macxovreblebs, maT kulturasa da tradiciebs. nebis gareSe:
saqarTveloSi arsebobs e.w. kombinirebuli marSru- 1. turizmi ver ganviTardeba, Tu qveyana ar aris po-
tis ganxorcielebis tradiciac. turis xangrZlivoba litikurad da ekonomikurad stabiluri;
grZeldeba 7-dan 21 dRemde. igi kombinirebulia imitom, 2. turizmis ganviTareba SeuZlebelia qveynis saer-
rom iTvaliswinebs, rogorc didi qalaqebis – Tbili- To socialur-ekonomikuri aRmavlobis gareSe;
sis, baTumis, quTaisis, Telavis da sxvaTa daTvaliere- 3. turizms sWirdeba hidroenergetikuli kompleqsis
bas, aseve kurortebze – borjomSi, wyaltuboSi, qobu- ganviTarebuli infrastruqtura, saerTaSoriso stan-
leTSi, gudaurSi, bakurianSi aqtiur dasvenebas. aseTi dartebTan SesabamisobaSi myofi saavtomobilo da sar-
turistuli marSrutebi Seicavs saintereso kulturul kinigzo magistralebi, maRali standartebis satran-
programas, mimoxilviT da Tematur eqskursiebs, muzeu- sporto saSualebebi;
mebisa da RirsSesaniSnaobebis daTvalierebas. 4. saqarTveloSi saerTSoriso turizmis ganviTare-
saqarTvelos bazari moculobiT mcirea da Sesaba- bisaTvis agreTve saWiroa mowesrigebuli sabanko da
misad turizmis maRali tempebiT ganviTarebisaTvis Si- sadazRveo sistema, sazogadoebrivi wesrigi da qveynis
da bazari sakmarisi ar aris. gare turistuli bazari SigniT demokratiuli, kanonis uzenaesobaze dafuZnebu-
ki saqarTvelos tur-produqciisaTvis jer–jerobiT li urTierTobebi;
Znelad asaTvisebelia. amitom adgilobrivi warmoebis 5. turizms agreTve sWirdeba soflis meurneobis,
tur-produqciiT Sida bazris gajereba da Semdeg misi kavSirgabmulobis da sxva dargTa ganviTareba;
masobrivi eqsporti erT-erTi pirveli rigis makroeko- 6. qveyanaSi unda iyos kulturisa da xalxuri rew-
nomikuri problemaa Cveni qveynisaTvis. turizmi ki, sxva vis maRali done, turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli ma-
dargebTan SedarebiT, am problemis gadaWris maRali Ralkvalificirebuli kadrebi, maTi gadamzadeba-kvali-
doniT gamoirCeva, radganac turistuli produqciis eq- fikaciis amaRlebis kursebi da ucxoel turistTa mo-
sportica da adgilobrivi moxmarebac uSualod Sida zidvisTvis sxva xelsayreli pirobebi.
bazris gafarToebazea orientirebuli. aqedan gamomdi- aRsaniSnavia is garemoeba, rom turistul progra-
nare, dabejiTebiT SeiZleba iTqvas, rom aucilebelia mebSi yovelTvis Sedioda XI saukuned daTariRebuli
735 736
sami didi istiriuli Zegli _sveticxoveli, bagrati da lebas iZleva ucxoeli damsveneblisaTvis SeTavazebu-
alaverdi, romlebic cnobilni arian TavianTi monumen- li iqnes mravalferovani da xarisxiani turistuli
turi freskebiTa da naxatebiT. im asormocdaaTi muzeu- servisi. turizmis sikeTe aisaxeba ara marto qveynis bi-
midan, romlebic Sedioda turistul programebSi, yve- ujetSi gadaxdili TanxebiT, aramed dasaqmebul adamia-
laze ufro cnobilia s. janaSias saxelobis saxelmwi- nebzec, rac Zalze mniSvnelovania saqarTvelosaTvis.
fo muzeumi da oqros fondebiT mdidari xelovnebis
muzeumebi.
saqarTveloSi turists SesaZlebloba aqvs datkbes saerTaSoriso turizmis maregulirebeli
aramarto ulamazesi bunebiT da landSaftiT, aramed 34 samarTlebrivi baza saqarTveloSi
aTasi istoriuli ZegliT, romelTagan 5000-s saxelmwi-
fo icavs. 1994 wlidan oTxi maTgani Sevida iuneskos saerTaSoriso turizmis samarTlebrivi uzrunvel-
msoflio ZeglTa dacvis siaSi. esenia: 1. saqarTvelos yofis ZiriTadi mizania dargis gamarTuli funqcioni-
uZvelesi dedaqalaqi _qalaqi-muzeumi mcxeTa; 2. XI sau- rebis normatiuli uzrunvelyofa. saerTaSoriso tu-
kuneSi agebuli gelaTis samonastro taZris kompleqsi; rizmis samarTlebrivi uzrunvelyofis mTavari amoca-
3. bagratis taZari, romelic agebulia quTaisSi XI sau- naa centralur, teritoriul da adgilobriv xelisuf-
kuneSi da 4. uSgulis samonastro arqiteqturuli an- lebas Soris ufleba-movaleobaTa gamijvna turizmis
sambli. dargSi, ~TamaSis wesebis” dadgena turistuli indus-
Cveni qveynis kulturul memkvidreobaSi gansakuTre- triis monawileebisaTvis _tur-produqciis mimwodeb-
buli adgili uWiravs saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis lebs, momxmareblebsa da saxelmwifos Soris, turistu-
kulturul da yofiT tradiciebs. landSafturi reli produqciis xarisxobrivi standartebis dadgena,
sursebisa da tradiciuli yofis Serwyma dRevandeli turistuli resursebiT sargeblobis normebisa da tu-
saqarTvelos soflebis damaxasiaTebeli parametria, rizmis aRricxvianobis wesebis dadgena. saerTaSoriso
romelic qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis xelSem- turistuli produqciis warmoebasa da moxmarebasTan
wyob komponents warmoadgens. saqarTvelos turizmis dakavSirebiT arsebuli wesebi da normebi savaldebu-
erT-erTi tradiciuli mimarTulebaa mineraluri wyle- loa turizmis bazarze moqmedi agentebisaTvis.
bis bazarze samkurnalo dawesebulebebSi dasvenebis turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis strategiis ganxor-
organizacia. cielebisTvis, pirvel rigSi, aucilebelia qveyanaSi
potenciurad maRali SesaZleblobebia Tavmoyrili dargis saxelmwifo regulireba xorcieldebodes tu-
zamTris kurortebis zonaSi. turistuli bazris am rizmisa da kurortebis ZiriTadi kanonmdeblobiT, ro-
segmentze moTxovnas zrdis tendecia axasiaTebs. aRi- melic unda uzrunvelyofdes maqsimalur liberaluro-
niSneba ucxoeTis cnobili turistuli firmebis dain- basa da demokratiulobas, agreTve kerZo mewarmeebi-
tereseba saqarTvelos samTo turistuli potencialiT. saTvis Tavisufali saqmianobis pirobebis Seqmnas. Cvens
amdenad, saqarTvelos udidesi resursebi gaaCnia saer- qveyanaSi am mizniT miRebuli kanonebi, sxvadasxva saxis
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, romelic saSua- administraciuli debulebani da normatiuli aqtebi,
737 738
romlis Sesruleba savaldebuloa turistul da saku- ti, sakurorto adgili da a. S. kanonis mesame muxlSi
rorto saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli uwyebebis, fizi- gansazRvrulia sakurorto resursebisa da maTi sar-
kuri da iuridiuli pirebisaTvis.1 geblobis ZiriTadi principebi. kanonis V_VIII muxlebSi
1997-1999 wlebSi, saqarTveloSi turizmis samar- gansazRvrulia turizmisa da kurortebis dargSi sa-
Tlebrivi uzrunvelyofis mizniT, miRebuli iqna Semde- xelmwifo politika da saxelmwifo regulirebis prin-
gi kanonebi da normatiuli aqtebi: cipebi, turizmisa da kurortebis dargis marTvis aR-
1. 1997 wlis 6 marti. saqarTvelos kanoni ~turizmi- masrulebeli organos ufleba-movaleobani dargis mar-
sa da turistebis Sesaxeb” – es ,,CarCo-xelSekruleba” Tvis regionuli organizaciebi da a. S. kanonis IX_X
kanoniT fuZemdebluri aqtia turizmisa da kurortebis muxlebSi gansazRvrulia dargis ekonomikuri saqmiano-
kanonmdeblobaSi. 1997–2000 wlebSi am kanonis srulyo- bisa da dafinansebis ZiriTadi mimarTulebani. kanonis
fis mizniT, masSi oTxjer iqna Setanili cvlilebebi XI_XIII muxlebi exeba turistuli momsaxurebis organi-
da damatebebi, romelic dargis ganviTarebisaTvis, zebas, turistebis dazRvevasa da usafrTxoebas. XIV
mTel rig mniSvnelovan momentebs iTvaliswinebda: mag., muxli gansazRvravs saxelmwifos rols turizmis sfe-
regionuli mmarTvelobis rgolebis Seqmnas, kurorte- roSi kadrebis aRzrdis, gadamzadebisa da kvalifikaci-
bis sanitaruli dacvis zonebSi miwis sargeblobaSi is amaRlebis kuTxiT. XV muxli adgens saerTaSoriso
gadacemisa da gasxvisebis sakiTxebis regulirebas da turistul organizaciebSi saqarTvelos monawileobis
sxva; principebs.
2. 1998 wlis 20 marts miRebuli iqna saqarTvelos saqarTvelos kanoni ~kurortebisa da sakurorto
kanoni ,,kurortebisa da sakurorto adgilebis sanita- adgilebis sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb” gan-
ruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb”; sazRvravs saqarTvelos kurortebsa da sakurorto ad-
3. 1998 wlis 24 dekembers miRebuli iqna kanoni ,,sa- gilebSi turistuli obieqtebis ganTavsebis, maTi same-
qarTveloSi Semosuli da saqarTvelodan gasuli tu- warmeo saqmianobis, bunebrivi-samkurnalo resursebiT
ristebis aRricxvis mowesrigebis Sesaxeb”. es kanoni Za- sargeblobis da mosaxleobis gansaxlebis pirobebs,
lian mniSvnelovania, radganac igi turistebis aRricx- adgens sanitaruli dacvis zogad wesebs, sanitaruli
vianobis problemas aregulirebs. dacvis zonebis daproeqtebis principebs. kanoni ~pro-
Cvens qveyanaSi gare turizmis maregulirebel Ziri- duqciisa da momsaxurebis sertifikaciis Sesaxeb” moi-
Tad dokuments warmoadgens saqarTvelos kanoni ~tu- cavs turistuli industriis im obieqtebs, romelic
rizmisa da kurortebis Sesaxeb, sadac gansazRvrulia monawileobs turistuli produqciis SeqmnaSi. saqar-
turistul saqmianobasTan dakavSirebuli ZiriTadi cne- Tvelos kanoni ~licenziebisa da nebarTvebis Sesaxeb”
bebi: turizmi, turisti, turistuli resursebi, kuror- moicavs licenziebis da nebarTvebis im CamonaTvals,
romelic exeba tur-produqciis Seqmnasa da realizaci-
as. am kanoniT mTeli rigi mosakreblebis gadaxda
1miqaSaviZe J. aWaris turizmis ganviTarebis problemebi da pers- uwevT tur-operatorebs, sastumroebs, restornebs, ku-
peqtivebi. turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi, gamomcemloba ùniver-
sali”, Tbilisi, 2010, gv: _ 95.
739 740
rortebs, garTobis obieqtebs da turistul bazarze si adgens turistuli produqtis elementebis ganmsazR-
moqmed sxva ekonomikur subieqtebs. vrel normebs, turistuli servisis xelSekrulebasTan
turistul bazarze Sesvlis administraciuli bari- dakavSirebul sakiTxs.1
erebis moxsnas, am sferoSi konkurenciis ganviTarebas Tanamedrove etapze saqarTveloSi turizmis ganvi-
xels uwyobs saqarTvelos kanoni ~Tavisufali vaWro- Tarebas, mis samarTlebriv mxares aregulirebs saqar-
bisa da konkurenciis Sesaxeb”. dazRveva warmoadgens Tvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento. imis gamo, rom
turistuli produqciis Semadgenel erT-erT mniSvne- turizmi mWidro kavSirSia meurneobis mraval sxva
lovan komponents. sadazRvevo urTierTobebi gansakuT- dargTan, amitom misi ganviTarebis da marTvis sferoSi
rebiT mniSvnelovan rols TamaSoben saerTaSoriso tu- didi mniSvneloba aqvs sxva, momijnave dargTa sameur-
rizmSi. gansakuTrebuli aRniSvnis Rirsia saqarTvelos neo saqmianobis maregulirebel sakanomdeblo bazas. es
kanoni ~qobuleTisa da anakliis Tavisufali turistu- pirvel rigSi exeba regionuli turistuli da saku-
li zonebis ganviTarebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb”, rom- rorto centrebis zonebad dayofas, miwaTsargeblobis
lis mizania Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis kontrols da turistul nagebobebSi mSeneblobasTan
xelSewyoba. es kanoni adgens qobuleTsa da anakliaSi dakavSirebuli normebis gansazRvras. turistuli da
sastumroebis mSeneblobisa da funqcionirebis piro- sakurorto obieqtebis funqcionirebisa da eqspluata-
bebs, sagadasaxado da sxva saxis SeRavaTebs. ciisaTvis mniSvnelovania administraciuli wesebi, rac
turizmis ganviTarebaSi agreTve mniSvnelovan ukavSirdeba janmrTelobis dacvas, sanitarul -higie-
rols TamaSobs sagadasaxado da samoqalaqo kodeqsi. nur mdgomareobas, saxanZro uzrunvelyofasa da sat-
uSualod turizmis sferoSi moqmed gadasaxadebs gane- ransporto momsaxurebas. aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroa
kuTvneba sastumros, sakurorto da saTamaSo biznesis moxdes aRniSnuli normatiuli bazris monitoringi ev-
gadasaxadi. am kanonis 99-e muxlis I punqtis t) qvepun- ropul kanonmdeblobasTan.
qtis Tanaxmad, turistul zonebSi moqmedi sastumroebi Cvens qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare-
2026 wlis 1 ianvramde mogebis gadasaxadisagan Tavisuf- bisaTvis agreTve mniSvnelovania garemosdacviTi kanon-
ldeba sastumroTa momsaxurebidan miRebuli Semosava- mdebloba, gansakuTrebiT ki dacul teritoriebTan da
li da turistuli zonis mewarme subieqtis mier miRe- erovnul parkebTan dakavSirebuli sakanonmdeblo baza.
buli miwis nakveTis Rirebuleba. agreTve am kanonis turizmis ganviTarebis saqmeSi didi roli eniWeba saga-
168-e muxlis 4 punqtis J) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, dRg-sa- dasaxado kanonmdeblobas da samoqalaqo kodeqss. 1993
gan Tavisufldeba saqarTveloSi turistebis organize- wlis ivnisSi saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRebuli
buli Semoyvana da maTTvis saqarTvelos teritoriaze iqna dadgenileba ,,msoflio turistuli organizaciis
turistuli momsaxurebis paketis miwodeba. kanonis 206- turizmis qartiisa da turistis kodeqsis aRiarebis Se-
e muxlis 1 punqtis x) qvepunqtis Tanaxmad, 2026 wlis 1 saxeb”. aRniSnuli kuTxiT mniSvnelovania sakuTrebis
ianvramde qonebis gadasaxadisagan Tavisufldeba tu-
ristul zonaSi moqmed sastumroTa momsaxurebasTan 1.
dakavSirebuli qoneba. saqarTvelos samoqalaqo kodeq- Caganava p. turizmis politika. gamomcemloba ùniversali”,
Tbilisi, 2012, gv.: _ 73_92.
741 742
formebis gansazRvra. kerZod: saqarTveloSi dRemde SemoRebuli: isini Tavisufldebian mogebis gadasaxadi-
miRweul makroekonomikur stabilizaciaSi mniSvnelova- dan pirveli 7 wlis ganmavlobaSi, sastumroebisa da
ni roli ekuTvnis reformebs, romelTa qvakuTxedi sa- sxva turistuli obieqtebis danadgarebis Semotana ga-
kuTrebiTi urTierTobebis damkvidrebaa. Tavisuflebulia sabaJo, qonebis, miwis gadasaxadebisa-
1998 wlis 22 Tebervals saqarTvelos prezidentis gan da a. S. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis xel-
#84 brZanebulebiT miRebuli iqna kanoni ,,saqarTvelo- Sewyobis mizniT didi mniSvneloba aqvs saxelmwifos
Si turizmisa da kurortebis ganviTarebis RonisZieba- mxridan ekonomikis am dargis agresiul eqspansiasa da
Ta Sesaxeb”, romlis Sesabamisadac moxda turistuli intensiur motivacias, romelic pirdapirproporciul
da sakurorto obieqtebis inventarizacia. aRiarebuli kavSirSia turizmis saxelmwifo regulirebasTan.
iqna 374 obieqti, maT Soris 157 turistuli da 247 saku- turizmTan dakavSirebul normatiul aqtebs gamos-
rorto obieqti. saerTo simZlavreebiT – 85564 sawol- cemen aramarto sakanonmdeblo xelisuflebis organoe-
adgiliT. maT Soris, 35952 sawol-adgili turistuli bi, aramed aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis warmomadgen-
daniSnulebisaa, xolo 49612 sawol-adgili ki _ saku- lebic. magaliTad, saqarTvelos parlamentis mier miRe-
rorto. ZiriTadad, turistuli da sakurorto obieqte- buli kanoni SeiZleba safuZvlad daedos aWaris avto-
bis privatizeba moxda konkursis, auqcionis, ijara-ga- nomiuri respublikis kanons, romelic, Tavis mxriv, Se-
mosyidvisa da pirdapiri miyidvis meTodiT. 2010 wlis iZleba gansazRvravdes baTumis sakrebulos mier miRe-
ianvris mdgomareobiT qveyanaSi privatizebulia 102 tu- bul kanons. es ukanaskneli, Tavis mxriv, SeiZleba moi-
ristuli da sakurorto obieqti.1 cavdes baTumis meriis mier gamocemul gankargulebebs
investiciebis mozidvis dros iqmneba investirebi- da brZanebebs, wesebsa da normativebs.
saTvis upiratesi xelSewyobis sakanonmdeblo bazis saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento Sedis
formirebis aucilebloba. turistuli TvalsazrisiT, ekonomikisa da mdgradi ganviTarebis saministros Se-
msoflioSi mowinave 14 qveynis gamocdilebidan Cans, madgenlobaSi. sajaro samarTlis iuridiuli piri_ sa-
rom ganviTarebis sxvadasxva etapze maT gansxvavebuli qarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento Seiqmna saqar-
gza gaiares. miRebuli efeqti ki mosalodnels yovel- Tvelos prezidentis #646 brZanebulebis safuZvelze,
Tvis aWarbebda. magaliTisaTvis TurqeTic kmara, sadac romelic gansazRvravs saagentos Seqmnis, kontrolisa
10 wlis ganmavlobaSi aSenda msoflio mniSvnelobis da ufleba-mosilebis sakiTxebs. am sakanonmdeblo aq-
kurortebi _ antalia da qemeri. mniSvnelovani Sedege- tis safuZvelze saqarTvelos ekonomikisa da mdgradi
bia miRweuli tunisSi, kubaSi, CineTsa da kviprosSi. ganviTarebis saministrom gamosca #1_1/1564 brZaneba
sainteresoa am mxriv sabWouri Tanacxovrebis is- turizmis erovnuli saagentos debulebis Sesaxeb, rom-
toriis mqone respublikebis miRwevebic. mag., uzbekeTSi liTac ganisazRvreba saagentos muSaobis miznebi da
ucxoeli investorebisaTvis mniSvnelovani SeRavaTebia amocanebi, misi marTvis principebi, struqtura, dafi-
nansebis wyaroebi da a. S. swored aRniSnuli saagento
gansazRvravs da warmarTavs saqarTvelos turizmis po-
1saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos masalebi. Tbilisi, litikas. saxelmwifo sakuTar Tavze iRebs turizmis
2011.
743 744
dargis mniSvnelovani amocanebis realizaciis valde- obis sayofacxovrebo da sameurneo saqmianobis eleq-
bulebas. troenergiis uzrunvelsayofad mcire simZlavris eleq-
amis magaliTia saqarTvelos kanoni ~maRalmTiani trosadgurTa mSeneblobas, energiis ganaxlebadi wya-
regionebis socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli gan- roebis amoqmedebas, maRalmTiani regionebisaTvis kad-
viTarebis Sesaxeb”. kanonis meore muxlis Tanaxmad, marebis momzadebas da daculi teritoriebis ganviTare-
RalmTiani regionebis socialur-ekonomikuri da kul- bas.
turuli ganviTarebis safuZvelia meurneobis Semdegi regionul doneze turizmis ganviTareba ganisazR-
saxeebi: 1. sasoflo-sameurneo warmoeba: mecxoveleoba, vreba rigi samarTlebrivi aqtebiT: saqarTvelos kon-
mebostneoba, mexileoba, mefutkreoba, Tevzis moSeneba, stituciuri kanonis _ ~aWaris avtonomiuri respubli-
samonadireo da satyeo meurneoba; 2. samrewvelo warmo- kis statusis Sesaxeb” Tanaxmad, aWaris regionis mmar-
eba: bunebrivi simdidris aTviseba, gadamamuSavebeli Tvelobis qveS Sedis: turizmis, kulturisa da spor-
mrewveloba, Sinarewva, ganaxlebadi energetika da mci- tis sakiTxebi, romelSic Sedis adgilobrivi mniSvne-
re hesebi; 3. turizmi, sakurorto da rekreaciuli me- lobis kulturuli Zeglebis movla-patronoba, urbani-
urneoba. meurneobis zemoT CanoTvlili samive mimarTu- zaciis problemis, adgilobrivi mSeneblobis, saavto-
leba met-naklebad moqmedebs turistebis momsaxureba- mobilo gzebisa da komunikaciebis mowesrigeba, sof-
ze. lis meurneobis, samonadireo saqmisa da satyeo meurne-
kanonis meoTxe muxlis Tanaxmad, maRalmTiani regi- obis marTva.
onebis socialur-ekonomikuri da kulturuli ganviTa- amdenad, aWaris regionis turistuli produqciis
rebis mizniT saqarTvelos xelisufleba amuSavebs Se- mravali elementis regulireba Sedis regionuli xeli-
RavaTian sakredito-sainvesticio programas, romelic suflebis kompetenciis sferoSi. am mizniT Seqmnilia
xels Seuwyos turizmis, sakurorto da rekreaciuli mravali samarTlebrivi aqti, romelic gansazRvravs
meurneobis ganviTarebas, istoriuli da arqiteqturu- aWaris mTavrobis kompetenciebs turizmis politikis
li Zeglebis dacvas, restavracias da turizmis samsa- sferoSi, aregulirebs turistul-sarekreacio proce-
xurSi Cayenebas, samTo-saTxilamuro sportis sxva saxe- sebs, turistul obieqtebTan damakavSirebeli gzebis
obaTa ganviTarebas, arqeologiuri samuSaoebis warma- movla-patronobis principebs, turistuli obieqtebis
tebiT Catarebas, sameurneo da socialur-kulturuli mSeneblobis sakiTxebs kurortebsa da sakurorto ad-
tradiciebis aRorZineba-ganviTarebas, .tradiciuli gilebSi, daculi teritoriebis mimdebare zonebSi,
xalxuri rewvis sxvadasxva dargis (meTuneobis, Wedu- wyaldacviT zonebsa da Savi zRvis sanapiro zolSi.
robis, xeze kveTis, meWurWleobis, qsovis, qargvis, nab- aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis xelisuflebis
dis Telvis, xalxur sakravTa warmoebis da sxvaTa) kompetenciaSi Sedis ~turizmis organizebis Sesaxeb”
ganviTarebas, saxalxo ostatebTan Segirdul swavle- kanonis SemuSaveba, romelic gansazRvravs aWaris regi-
bas, mcire da saSualo mewarmeobis ganviTarebas adgi- onis teritoriaze turizmis organizebis principebs,
lobrivi bunebrivi da SromiTi resursebis racionalu- aregulirebs turizmis dargSi warmoSobil urTierTo-
ri gamoyenebis gziT, maRalmTiani regionebis mosaxle- bebs, adgens adgilobrivi TviTmmarTvelobis kompeten-
745 746
ciebs turizmis sferoSi, gansazRvravs turizmis TviT- turistuli resursebis dacvasTan
regulaciis sferos, dargis finansuri uzrunvelyofis dakavSirebuli kanonmdebloba
sakiTxebs da turistuli organizaciebis gaerTianebis
principebs. arsebobs mTeli rigi samarTlebrivi aqtebisa, ro-
adgilobriv doneze turizmis sferosTan dakavSi- melic aregulirebs turistuli produqciis calkeul
rebul sakiTxebs aregulirebs mTeli rigi normatiuli elements. mag., kulturuli memkvidreobis, garemos dac-
aqtebi. mag., baTumis municipalitetSi turistuli in- vis sferos. saqarTvelos kanoni ~garemos dacvis Sesa-
frastruqturis Seqmna-SenarCuneba evaleba q. baTumis xeb” aregulirebs urTierTobiT sakiTxebs garemos
meriis keTilmowyobis samsaxurs, romlis kompetencieb- dacvisa da bunebaTsargeblobis sferoSi, saqarTvelos
Si Sedis: Sidasaqalaqo gzebis, mwvane safaris, trotu- teritoriuli wylebis, sahaero sivrcis, kontinenturi
arebis, skverebis, gare ganaTebis obieqtebis, saniaRvre Selfisa da gansakuTrebuli ekonomikuri zonis CaT-
arxebis, wyalsacavebis, xidebis, mcire arqiteqturuli vliT. kanoni adgens garemos dacvis ZiriTad princi-
formis Senoba-nagebobebis movla-patronoba da a. S. pebs, saxelmwifosa da mewarme subieqtebs Soris ufle-
turistuli obieqtebis tur-produqciis infras- ba-movaleobebs garemos dacvis sferoSi, gansazRvravs
truqturuli elementebiT uzrunvelyofaSi mniSvnelo- ekonomikur meqanizmebs am sferoSi, garemoze mavne ze-
van rols TamaSobs arqiteqturisa da urbanuli dageg- moqmedebis informaciul uzrunvelyofas, garemos tu-
marebis samsaxuri. gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovani turis- ristuli datvirTvis normebs, ekologiuri eqspertizis
tuli obieqtebis muSaobis regulireba SeiZleba mox- Catarebis principebs da daculi teritoriebis ekosis-
des sxvadasxva saxelmwifo struqturis mier erTobli- temebis dacvis sakiTxebs.
vad. mag., sazogadoebrivi wesrigis dacva, bunebaTsar- aRniSnuli kanonis ganxilva aucilebelia imitom,
gebloba, ekologiuri usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa, rom saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebi bunebriv Rir-
daculi teritoriebis movla, garemos, istoriuli da sSesaniSnaobaTa daTvalierebisa da garemosTan Sexebi-
kulturuli Zeglebis dacva, turizmis sakiTxebis ko- sas, swored am kanons eqvemdebarebian. saqarTvelos ka-
ordinacia daa.S. noni ~daculi teritoriebis sistemis Sesaxeb” gansazR-
turizmis sferoSi miRebuli kanonmdebloba, samwu- vravs dacul teritoriaTa daarsebis, dagegmvis, kate-
xarod moZvelebulia, radganac misi miRebis Semdeg 10- goriebis SerCevisa da funqcionirebis safuZvlebs. da-
15 weli gavida. drois am intervalSi qveyanaSi bevri culi teritoriebi moicavs gadaSenebis piras myofi ga-
ram Seicvala rogorc ekonomikurad, ise politikurad. reuli cxovelebis da velur mcenareTa genofonds. aR-
moZvelebuli sakanonmdeblo baza xels uSlis dargis niSnuli kanoni mniSvnelovania, radganac ~mwvane bune-
ganviTarebas. 1990-iani wlebis meore naxevridan miRe- biT” dainteresebuli da mSvid garemos monatrebuli
bulma sakanonmdeblo aqtebma, am naklovanebaTa miuxe- ucxoeli turistebi swored daculi teritoriebis
davad, didi roli Seasrula turistuli problemebis daTvalierebiT arian dainteresebulni. kanoni gansazR-
gadaWraSi. vravs daculi teritoriebis kategoriebs: saxelmwifo
nakrZalis, erovnuli parkis, bunebrivi Zeglis, aRkveTi-
747 748
lis, daculi landSaftis, mravalmxrivi gamoyenebis marTlebrivi urTierTobebis mowesrigebas, aRmoCenili
teritoriisa da msoflio memkvidreobis ubnis cnebebs. kulturuli memkvidreobis pirveladi dacvis reJimsa
kanoni gansazRvravs daculi teritoriebis ganviTare- da arqeologiur samuSaoTa pirobebs. kulturuli mem-
bis gegmis safuZvlebs. kvidreobis dacvas axorcielebs saqarTvelos kultu-
dacul teritoriebs ganekuTvneba borjom-xaragau- ris, ZeglTa dacvisa da sportis saministro. amiT mTav-
lis daculi teritoria, borjom-xaragaulis erovnuli roba cdilobs kulturuli memkvidreobis SenarCuneba-
parki, imereTis mRvimeebis daculi teritoria, kolxe- aRdgenas da turizmis infrastruqturis ganviTarebas.
Tis daculi teritoria, mtiralas erovnuli parki, Tu- turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs
SeTis, lagodexisa da vaSlovanis daculi teritorie- saavtomobilo gzebis reabilitacias, romlis dros
bi, Tbilisis erovnuli parki da a. S. saqarTvelos warmoqmnil samarTlebriv urTierTobas aregulirebs
tyis kodeqsi aregulirebs tyis resursebis raciona- saqarTvelos kanoni ~saavtomobilo gzebis Sesaxeb”. sa-
luri gamoyenebis principebs, maTi turistul-rekreaci- avtomobilo gzebi iyofa saerTaSoriso, Sidasaxelmwi-
uli miznebiT sargeblobis safuZvlebs. saqarTvelos fo da adgilobrivi mniSvnelobis gzebad. maT Soris
kanoni `wylis Sesaxeb” gansazRvravs wylis resursebis turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis, kurortebze, dasvenebis
turistuli motiviT gamoyenebis meqanizms. am Tvalsaz- adgilebze, sportul kompleqsebTan, istoriul-kultu-
risiT wyali SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes rekreacii- rul ZeglebTan, samecniero centrebTan, rkinigzis sad-
saTvis (dasveneba, turizmi da a. S.) da samonadireo me- gurebTan, sazRvao navsadgurebTan da sxva turistul
urneobisaTvis. sakurorto mizniT wylis gamoyenebis obieqtebTan misasvlelad mniSvnelovania adgilobrivi
wesi ganisazRvreba debulebiT ~sakurorto wyalsar- gzebi. swored am tipis gzebiT miiRweva sarekreacio
geblobis licenziis Sesaxeb”. teritoriamde, romlis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi potenci-
saqarTvelos kanoni ~atmosferuli haeris dacvis alia turizmi da rekreacia. igi moicavs bunebriv da
Sesaxeb” gansazRvravs kurortebsa da sakurorto zo- kulturul kompleqsebs, turistul-sakurorto infras-
nebSi, sanitaruli dacvis zonebSi da dacul terito- truqturis obieqtebs, romelic SeiZleba gamoyenebuli
riebze atmosferuli haeris dacvis gansakuTrebul iqnes turistis dasasveneblad, mis rekreaciul moTx-
moTxovnebs. saqarTvelos kanoni ~cxovelTa samyaros ovnilebaTa dasakmayofileblad.
Sesaxeb” adgens samonadireo meurneobis Seqmnisa da
funqcionirebis ZiriTad principebs, axdens turizmis saqarTveloSi sagareo turizmis
ganviTarebisa da cxovelTa dacvis miznebis Sexamebas. regulirebis gzebi
turistuli marSrutebis SemuSavebisa da dasvenebis ad-
gilebis mowyobisas gaTvaliswinebul unda iqnes gare- turistuli saqmianobis maregulirebel kanonTa mi-
ul cxovelTa sabinadro pirobebis SenarCunebis SesaZ- Reba problemis erTi mxarea, xolo misi aRsruleba ki
lebloba. saqarTvelos kanoni ~kulturuli memkvidre- _meore. Tu kanonis praqtikaSi amoqmedebis dros gamov-
obis Sesaxeb” miznad isaxavs Cveni qveynis kulturuli linda Zalian bevri samarTaldarRveva, maSin kanoni Za-
memkvidreobis dacvas da am sferoSi warmoqmnili sa- lian mkacria da zedmetad bevr SemzRudav bariers mo-
749 750
icavs, an kanonis mkacrad administrireba xdeba. piri- ovnebis gamkacrebas, romelTagan zogierTi turistuli
qiT, Tu kanonis amoqmedebis Sedegad gamovlinda cota obieqti ixureba, zogic ki am gamkacrebuli moTxovne-
raodenobis samarTaldarRveva, maSin an kanonia zedme- bis dakmayofilebis mizniT, iZulebulia damatebiTi in-
tad liberaluri da ar moicavs bevr aucilebel Sem- vesticiebi ganaxorcielos mis organizaciaSi, rac, Ta-
zRudav bariers an kanonis administrireba Zalian Se- vis mxriv, iwvevs turistuli obieqtebis mxridan saqon-
sustebulia da turistebma gamonaxes kanonis gverdis lisa da momsaxurebis miwodebis SezRudvasa da tur-
avliT, aralegalurad maTi miznebis miRwevis gzebi, produqciaze dawesebul fasTa zrdas.
anu maRalia korufciis done. mag., saqarTveloSi tu- drois xanmokle intervalSi tur-produqciaze
ristebis statistikuri aRricxvis Sesaxeb kanonis amoq- moTxovnis vardnis Sedegad zaraldeba rogorc momxma-
medebis miuxedavad turistebis srulyofili aRricxva rebeli, ise mimwodebeli, magram drois xangrZliv peri-
ver xerxdeba. amis mizezi SeiZleba iyos statistikuri odSi turistuli obieqtebis servisis xarisxis amaRle-
dakvirvebisa da aRricxvis arasworad SemuSavebuli mebis xarjze, sxva konkurenti qveynebidan da regionebi-
qanizmi, an aRmasrulebeli organos arasworad SerCeva, dan ufro maRali gadaxdisunarianobis mqone turiste-
aRricxvis Zalian rTuli, mocemuli adamianuri resur- bis ~gadmoqaCvis” xarjze, moxdeba turizmis dargSi Se-
sebis pirobebSi praqtikulad ganuxorcielebeli pro- mosavlebis zrda. rogorc aq moyvanili analizidan
cesi da a. S. Cans, turizmis dargis sakanonmdeblo regulireba sa-
turistuli saqmianobis maregulirebel kanonTa boloo jamSi bazarze axdens dadebiT gavlenas. Tu
amoqmedebis Sedegad turizmis bazris mier miRebuli Tavdapirvelad igi ~amkacrebs” turistul cxovrebas,
sargebeli SeiZleba bevrad CamorCes am kanonTa amoqme- grZelvadian etapze moTxovnebis aseTi ~gamkacreba” tu-
debaze gaweul danaxarjebs. kanonis pirdapiri adminis- ristul industrias moutans damatebiT sargebels.1
trirebis garda, SeiZleba warmoiqmnas mTeli rigi Tan- kanoni ~saqarTvelos sakonsulo dawesebulebebis
mdevi danakargebic. mag. kanonis arasakmarisad gamWvir- Sesaxeb” aregulirebs Cveni qveynis sakonsuloebis uf-
valoba iwvevs korufciis gaRrmavebas. mag., turistebis leba-movaleobebs, romelic icavs saqarTvelos moqa-
statistikuri aRricxvisaTvis SeiZleba saWiro gaxdes laqeebis, fizikuri da iuridiuli pirebis uflebebsa
damkvirvebelTa, analitikosTa da sxva uamrav perso- da interesebs sazRvargareT. saqarTvelos kanoni ~ucx-
nalTa daqiraveba, rac did xarjebTanaa dakavSirebuli. oelTa samarTlebrivi mdgomareobis Sesaxeb” areguli-
garda amisa, damkvirveblebsa da sastumroebs Soris rebs ucxoeli turistebis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis,
turistebis Semcirebuli odenobiT aRricxvis mizniT yofnis, satranzito gavlisa da Cveni qveynidan gasvlis
SeiZleba ganviTardes korufcia da a. S. araadeqvatur samarTlebriv safuZvlebs, gansazRvravs ucxoelTa uf-
RonisZiebaTa gatarebiT zaraldeba turistuli indus- leba-movaleobebs, maTi gaZevebis formebs, proceduras,
tria da masTan dakavSirebuli dargebi. gaZevebis procesSi monawile saxelmwifo dawesebule-
turistul bazarze turistuli saqmianobis maregu-
lirebeli nebismieri kanonis miReba iwvevs turistul 2.
obieqtebze damatebiT valdebulebaTa dawesebas, moTx- Caganava p. turizmis politika. gamomcemloba ùniversali”.
Tbilisi, 2012, gv.: _ 92-112.
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baTa kompetenciebsa da pasuxismgeblobas. kanoni aregu- ristul politikaSi gaTvaliswinebuli unda iqnes ro-
lirebs vizis gacemis proceduras. ordinaluri viza gorc socialuri da ekonomikuri, ise ekologiuri as-
gaicema im ucxoelebze, romlebic saqarTveloSi moem- peqtebi. turistul politikas safuZvlad unda daedos
gzavrebian Cveni qveynis iuridiul da fizikur pirTa mdgradi da usafrTxo ganviTarebis koncefcia. turiz-
mowveviT, turizmis, mkurnalobisa da axlobelTa mona- mis mdgradi ganviTarebisaTvis aucilebelia dargis sa-
xulebis mizniT. xelmwifo regulireba xdebodes ~turizmisa da kuror-
saqarTveloSi Semosasvleli vizebi gauqmebulia ev- tebis Sesaxeb” kanonmdeblobiT, romelic unda uzrun-
rokavSiridan, aSS-dan, kanadidan, iaponiidan, Sveicarii- velyofdes maqsimalur liberalurobasa da Tavisufa-
dan, lixtenSteinidan, norvegiidan da sxva maRalganvi- li saqmianobis pirobebis Seqmnas.
Tarebuli qveynebidan Semosuli turistebisaTvis. kano- saqarTveloSi turizmis marTvis umaRlesi saxel-
ni ~saqarTveloSi Semosuli da saqarTvelodan gasuli mwifo organoebia: saministroebi, departamentebi da
turistebis aRricxvis mowesrigebis Sesaxeb” Seiqmna sammarTveloebi. es organizaciebi sxvadasxva qveyanaSi
Cvens qveyanaSi Semosuli da saqarTvelodan gasuli erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian funqciuri datvirTviT.
turistebis, erTdRian vizitorTa aRricxvisa da sta- magaliTad, kanadaSi arsebobs turizmisa da sportis
tistikur monacemTa Seqmnis mizniT. turistuli momsa- saministro, italiaSi _ turizmis, sportisa da sanaxa-
xurebis gamwevi organizaciebi valdebulni arian tu- obebis saministro, espaneTSi _ turizmisa da informa-
ristebs acnobon Cvens qveyanaSi vizitTan dakavSirebiT ciis saministro; indoeTSi _ samoqalaqo aviaciis da
inficirebis riskis, acrebisa da sxva profilaqtikur turizmis saministro, kongoSi _ turizmis, Tavisufali
RonisZiebaTa Sesaxeb. turizmisa da kurortebis dargis droisa da garemos saministro da a. S.
marTvis aRmasrulebeli xelisuflebis uflebamosili Tanamedrove etapze saqarTvelos kanoniT ,,turizmi-
organo amuSavebs turistebis dacvisa da usafrTxoebis sa da kurortebis Sesaxeb” Cvens qveyanaSi ekonomikis
programas, koordinacias uwevs mis ganxorcielebas. am dargis maregulirebel saxelmwifo organos ewoda
turizmis ganviTarebis dagegmvaSi saxelmwifos wam- ~turizmisa da kurortebis saxelmwifo departamenti”,
yvani roli akisria. swored igi aregulirebs dargis romelic Semdeg gadakeTda turizmis erovnul saagen-
ganviTarebis prioritetebs, raTa Tavidan iqnes acile- tod. igi valdebulia saqarTvelos turizmis da saku-
buli dargis mkveTri ekonomikuri ryeveb_krizisi an rorto resursebi aRiaros erovnul simdidred, xolo
stiqiuri ganviTareba, gansakuTrebiT myife eko-sisteme- saxelmwifom igi unda daicvas. marTalia saxelmwifo
bis mqone raionebSi. am sferoSi saxelmwifos rolis turizms aRiarebs erovnuli kurortebisa da ekonomi-
zrda ki SeuZlebelia turizmis kompleqsuri ganviTa- kis ganviTarebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad,
rebis saxelmwifo programis SemuSavebis gareSe. magram igi jer kidev ver qmnis turistuli da saku-
saxelmwifom regionul doneze wamyvani roli unda rorto saqmianobisaTvis xelsayrel garemo-pirobebs.
Seasrulos turistuli politikis gansazRvraSi, rad- Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis xelSesawyobad
ganac igi zemoqmedebs qveynis rogorc calkeul dar- saWiroa saqarTveloSi arsebobdes Zlieri profesiuli
gTa, ise mTliani ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. amitom tu- turistuli gaerTianebebi, romelTac SeeZlebaT Seq-
753 754
mnan dargis ganviTarebisaTvis xelsayreli garemo, da- lic qmnis qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis safuZvels.
icvan tur-operatorTa interesebi, sakuTar Tavze ai- turistuli potencialis maqsimalur amoqmedebas SeuZ-
Ron dargis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro RonisZiebebis ga- lia Cveni qveynisaTvis mravali pozitiuri Sedegis mo-
tareba. tana, romelTagan aRsaniSnavia: dasaqmebis zrda, siRa-
erTi romelime mimarTulebiT momuSave tur-opera- ribis daZleva, sabiujeto da savaluto Semosavlebis
torebis specializaciis gaRrmavebiT izrdeba maTi miReba, ekonomikis diversifikacia, garemos dacvis gaq-
profesionalizmi da firmac imkvidrebs Tavis adgils tiureba, msoflio mSvidobis uzrunvelyofa, saerTaSo-
konkurenciul turistul bazarze, romelic identifi- riso urTierTgagebis xelSewyoba da a. S.1
cirdeba mogzaurobis erT mimarTulebasTan. samwuxa- saqarTveloSi ucxoel turistTa Camosvlebis gan-
rod Cveni turistuli kompaniebis umravlesobas kvla- sakuTrebuli gaaqtiureba SeimCneva 2004 wlidan, mas
vac axasiaTebs kompleqsuri, universaluri turistuli Semdeg, rac mTavrobam farTomasStabiani brZola da-
momsaxurebis SeTavazeba. maTi momsaxurebis CamonaT- iwyo korufciis daZlevis, sasamarTlos reorganizaci-
valSi bevria urTierTSeuTavsebeli servisis saxeebi, is, sagadasaxado liberalizaciis, biznes-klimatis ga-
rac ucxoel turistebSi iwvevs arCeuli servisis xa- umjobesebis, kriminalTan brZolis da sxva sferoSi.
risxis mimarT eWvs da gaocebasac imasTan dakavSire- am dargis aRmavlobisaTvis saWiroa yvela saministro-
biT, Tu rogor SeuZlia saqarTveloSi moqmed erT pa- sa da uwyebis Zalisxmevis gaerTianeba, maTi moqmedebis
tara turistul firmas (Cveni qveynis turistuli saa- koordinacia. turistuli kompleqsi aris erTiani sis-
gentoebis umravlesoba xom mcirea TanamSromelTa ra- tema, romlis erTi komponentis gamoklebac moSlis mis
odenobiT da SemosavlebiT) vTqvaT religiuri da samo- moqmedebas.2
nadireo turebis warmatebiT organizeba.
saqarTveloSi turizmi, rogorc momsaxurebis kom- reziume:
pleqsuri da specifikuri dargi, ekonomikis damoukide-
bel seqtorad Camoyalibebis procesSia. Cvens qveyanaSi amrigad, saqarTvelo mdebareobs evropis ukidures
turizmi diversificirebuli dargTaSorisi kompleqsia, samxreT-aRmosavleT nawilSi, kavkasiaSi. kavkasia moi-
rac gansazRvravs ekonomikaSi mis ormag daniSnulebas. cavs teritorias Sav, azovisa da kaspiis zRvebs Soris.
swored diversifikaciisa da dargTaSorisi kavSirebis kavkasionis qedi mas yofs or nawilad, CrdiloeT (imi-
maRali donis gamo, turizmi iTvleba, ekonomikis sxva er) da samxreT (amier) kavkasiad. Cveni qveyana mdebare-
dargebTan SedarebiT, maRali ekonomikuri datvirTvis
sferod rogorc erovnul, ise adgilobriv doneze. 1. bolqvaZe b. turizmis saxelmwifo da regionuli regulirebis
amrigad, saqarTvelo, Tavisi TviTmyofadi kultu- aspeqtebi. turizmis ganviTarebis socialur-ekonomikuri
problemebi. gamomcemloba `baTumis universiteti”, baTumi, 2007,
riT, uZvelesi istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Zegle- gv._109-112.
biT, unikaluri klimatiT, rekreaciuli SesaZleblobe- 2 miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. baTumis sakurorto-turistuli
biTa da xelsayreli geografiuli mdebareobiT iZleva meurneoba_ganviTarebis problemebi da perspeqtivebi. aWaris
infrastruqturis Semadgenel im komponentebs, rome- socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi (XII). gam. `SoTa rusTavelis
saxelmwifo universiteti”. baTumi, 2010, gv.. _ 189.
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obs amierkavkasiis dasavleT nawilSi. saqarTveloSi klimatiT, bunebrivi RirsSesaniSnaobebiT. bevrgan kar-
mravalferovani buneba da klimatia. aq aris maRali, gad aris Semonaxuli qarTveli xalxis uZvelesi kul-
myinvarebiT dafaruli mwvervalebi, gaSlili vakeebi, tura, tradiciebi, saintereso arqeologiuri da dide-
daburuli tyeebi, qviSiani naxevarudabnoebi, alpuri buli arqiteqturuli Zeglebi. Cvens qveyanaSi aris sam-
velebi, Waobebi. dasavleT saqarTveloSi hava Tbili da kurnalo mineraluri wylebiT mdidari adgilebic. zo-
notioa. zRvis sanapirosTan xSirad wvims. aRmosavleT gan ki yvela es RirsSesaniSnaoba erTad aris Tavmoyri-
saqarTvelos ukidures samxreT-aRmosavleTSi Zalian li, rac saboloo jamSi qmnis zRaprul sanaxaobas.
cxela. Cveni qveyana mravalferovania Tavisi mTa-bariT, saqarTveloSi sustadaa ganviTarebuli turistuli
mdinareebiT, tbebiT, wiaRiseuliT, cxovelTa da mcena- infrastruqtura:, rogorc moralurad, ise fizikurad.
reTa samyaroTi. saqarTveloSi Tavad bunebam Seqmna is- gacveTilia moqmedi materialur-teqnikuri baza. saqar-
toriuli Zeglebi _ mRvimeebi, udabnos svetebi da gaq- TveloSi turizmis konkurentunarianobis amaRlebisa
vavebuli tyeebi. turizmi saqarTveloSi ekonomikis gan- da msoflio bazarze sakuTari adgilis damkvidrebis
viTarebis prioritetul mimarTulebadaa aRiarebuli. mizniT gansakuTrebiT didi mniSvneloba eniWeba qveynis
misi prioritetulobis safuZveli dargis eqsportteva- turistul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa reklamirebas. Tanamed-
dobaa. rove etapze saqarTvelos kanoniT ,,turizmisa da ku-
Savi zRvis sanapiroze gaSenebulia bevri kurorti: rortebis Sesaxeb” Cvens qveyanaSi ekonomikis am dargis
biWvinTa, gagra, soxumi, ureki, qobuleTi, maxinjauri, maregulirebel saxelmwifo organos ewoda ~turizmisa
baTumi da a. S. moxerxebuli plaJebiT, rbili zamTri- da kurortebis saxelmwifo departamenti”, romelic
Ta da xangrZlivi zafxuliT gamorCeuli kurortebi 4- Semdeg gadakeTda turizmis erovnul saagentod. igi
5 Tvis ganmavlobaSi maspinZlobs damsveneblebs. zogi- valdebulia saqarTvelos turizmis da sakurorto re-
erT kurorts mxolod misTvis damaxasiaTebeli xibli sursebi aRiaros erovnul simdidred, romelic saxel-
aqvs. ureki cnobilia magneturi qviSiT, maxinjauri, mwifom unda daicvas. marTalia saxelmwifo turizms
gagra da soxumi ki_mineraluri samkurnalo wyaroebiT. aRiarebs erovnuli kurortebisa da ekonomikis ganviTa-
mcire farTobis miuxedavad, saqarTvelos teritoriaze rebis erT-erT prioritetul mimarTulebad, magram igi
ufro mravalferovani klimatia, vidre avstraliis jer kidev ver qmnis turistuli da sakurorto saqmia-
mTel kontinentze, romelic teritoriulad 110 saqar- nobisaTvis xelsayrel garemo-pirobebs. turizmis efeq-
Tvelos Caitevda. Cveni qveynis mTian regionebSi ramde- tiani da warmatebuli funqcionireba SeuZlebelia am
nime Tves Tovli devs. aq zafxulobiTac ki grila. dargis saxelmwifo regulirebis, turistuli politi-
zRvasTan axlos hava teniania. turisti rac ufro mo- kisa da turizmis ganviTarebis kompleqsuri saxelmwi-
Sordeba zRvas, amindic icvleba. fo programis SemuSavebis gareSe. mTavrobam, rogorc
saqarTveloSi SesaniSnavi pirobebia Seqmnili saer- centralur, ise regionul doneze didi roli unda Se-
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. misi kurorte- asrulos turistul politikaSi.
bis ZiriTadi nawili mdebareobs mTian da Savi zRvispi-
ra raionebSi. zogierTi maTgani gamoirCeva jansaRi
757 758
ZiriTadi terminologia: d) infrastruqturis ganviTareba;
- ~tbaTa mxare”; e) yvela zemoT CamoTvlili pasuxi swria.
- ~SiSveli” adgili; 4. turistuli politikis regionul doneze gansazR-
- ~mtirala”; vraSi wamyvani roli unda Seasrulos:
- ~gaqvavebuli zRvis talRebi”; a) saxelmwifom;
- `mzis taZari”; b) adgilobrivma TviTmmarTvelobam;
- ~Tovliani ufskruli”; g) raionebis xelmZRvanelobam;
- ~goderZis ganamarxebuli tye”; d) municipalitetebma.
- ~ailama” da ~zesxo”;
- ~saTaflia”;
- ~Wiqianis mTa”;
- ~daviTis cremlebi”;
- `RvTis mSoblis wilxvedri qveyana”;
- ~abreSumis gza”;
- hoteli, roteli, boteli;
- floteli, flaiteli, kempingi;
- ~moagarakeebi’’;
testebi:
1. didi da mcire zomis kavkasionis mTagrexilebi Sa-

vidan kaspiis zRvamdea gadaWimuli da sigrZiT aR-
wevs:
a) 1800 kilometrs; b) 150 kilometrs;
g) 1500 kilometrs; d) 15 kilometrs.
2. saqarTveloSi mdinareebi Caedineba:
a) Sav zRvaSi;
b) Savi da kaspiis zRvebis auzebSi;
g) kaspiis zRvaSi;
d) Savi da azovis zRvebis auzebSi.
3. turizms SeuZlia Semdegi pozitiuri Sedegebis mo-
tana Cveni qveynisaTvis:
a) dasaqmeba; b) siRaribesTan brZola;
g) saxelmwifo, Semosavlebis miReba;
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Tavi 15. saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mdgo- dinamika saqarTveloSi
mareoba saqarTveloSi
saqarTvelo, yofili sabWoTa kavSiris farglebSi
amrigad, saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis 1990-ian wlebamde turizmis ganviTarebis erT-erTi cen-
strategiul mimarTulebebSi turizmi umniSvnelovanes tri iyo. sul raRac ociode wlis win saqarTveloSi
prioritetad gvevlineba. damoukideblobis mopovebis rogorc Sida, ise gare sazRvrebs 4-5 milioni turisti
Semdeg, Cveni qveyana gaxda ra saerTaSoriso samarTlis kveTda. Cvens teritoriaze gadioda 95 saerTaSoriso
subieqti, farTo SesaZlebloba mieca msoflio aspa- da 90-mde Sida turistuli marSruti, magram arsebuli
rezze gasvlisaTvis. saqarTvelo aqtiurad TanamSrom- ekonomikur-politikuri kavSirebis gawyvetam sakmaod
lobs ucxoeTis qveynebTan da saerTaSoriso organiza- daazarala dargi. damoukideblobis mopovebis Semdeg
ciebTan iseT sferoebSi, rogoricaa: politika, ekono- saqarTveloSi ganviTarebulma movlenebma TiTqmis
mika, adamianis uflebebis dacva, ekologia, transpor- mTlianad gaanadgura sakurorto zonaSi arsebuli sas-
ti, turizmi, ganaTleba, kultura, mecniereba, vaWroba, tumroebis, sanatoriumebis, dasasvenebeli saxlebisa da
sabaJo saqme da sxva. 1990_iani wlebis Semdeg Cveni qve- sxva turistuli obieqtebis umravlesoba. Cvens qveyana-
yana mraval saerTaSoriso organizaciaSi gawevrianda. Si garTulebulma kriminogenulma mdgomareobam didi
1993 wlidan igi aris turizmis msoflio organizaciis ziani miayena qveynis imijs, ramac uaryofiTi gavlena
wevric. Cveni qveynisaTvis TiToeuli dargis ganviTare- iqonia samamulo ekonomikaze.
ba warmoudgenelia sxva qveynebis bazrebisgan mowyve- 1990-iani wlebis Semdeg sabWoTa kavSiris daSlam,
tiT, amitom orientacia saerTaSoriso organizaciebis samoqalaqo omma, Tavsmoxveulma Sidaregionulma kon-
mxridan warmodgenil ZiriTad sakiTxebze amsubuqebs fliqtebma, mwvave politikur-ekonomikurma krizisma,
arsebuli problemebis gadawyvetaze gaweul Zalisxme- reformebis dros daSvebulma Secdomebma, am sferoSi
vas. gamocdilebis uqonlobam, hiperinflaciam da, aqedan
saqarTvelos didi SesaZleblobebi aqvs, rom gax- gamomdinare, mosaxleobis gaRatakebam metad arasaxar-
des turistebis mimRebi qveyana. Tumca civilizebuli bielo socialur-politiku-ri foni Seuqmna turizmis
qveynebidan Camosul turistebs maRali klasis momsaxu- ganviTarebas, 1990-iani wlebis dasawyisSi, saqarTvelo-
reba da infrastruqtura esaWiroebaT. am Tvalsazri- Si datrialebuli politikuri movlenebis Sedegad, Ca-
siT, mniSvnelovania turizmis iseTi politikis gatare- mosuli turistebis raodenoba imdenad Semcirda, rom
ba, romelic agebuli iqneba saerTaSorisod aprobire- mis Sesaxeb statistikuri monacemebic ki ar muSavdebo-
bul moTxovnebze, turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxisa da. amas nawilobriv xeli Seuwyo afxazeTSi arsebuli
da standartis uzrunvelyofaze. aRniSnuli saerTaSo- 65 sakurorto-turistuli obieqtis dakargvamac.
riso standartebis miRweva martivdeba turizmis msof- sabWoTa kavSiris daSlisa da politikur-ekonomi-
lio organizaciasTan aqtiuri TanamSromlobis piro- kuri arastabilurobis Sedegad saqaarTvelos turiz-
bebSi. mis sferoSi uaryofiTi tendenciebis Camoyalibebis mi-
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uxedavad, ekonomikis es dargi mainc asrulebs garkve- 2001_2002 wlebSi adgili hqonda turistTa raode-
ul poziciur rols qveynis ekonomikaSi, Tumca ara im- nobis mniSvnelovan klebas. kerZod, 2001 wels saqarTve-
dens, risi potencialic mas gaaCnia sinamdvileSi. sa- loSi sul Semovida 302 aTasi turisti. maTgan dsT-dan
qarTvelo, Tavisi TviTmyofadi kulturiT, uZvelesi is- Semovida 185 aTasi vizitori, xolo danarCeni qveynebi-
toriuli da arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT, sasiamovno kli- dan ki _ 117 aTasi turisti. wina welTan SedarebiT
matiTa da geografiuli mdebareobiT, qmnis turistuli dsT-dan Semosul vizitorTa raodenoba Semcirda 17 %-
infrastruqturis formirebis xelsayrel pirobebs, iT. turistebis Semcirebul moculobaSi ruseTze mo-
rac qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi safuZve- dioda 85 %, xolo danarCeni qveynebidan Semosul tu-
lia. ristTa Semcirebis 60 % modioda TurqeTze.
turizmis ganviTareba saqarTveloSi, rogorc damo- 2002 wels saqarTveloSi Semosul ucxoel turis-
ukidebel qveyanaSi, daiwyo 1995 wlidan. am wels dafiq- tTa ricxvma Seadgina 298,5 aTasi vizitori. 2003 wli-
sirda 85,4 aTasi ucxoeli turistis Semosvla Cvens dan am maCvenebelma daiwyo zrda da am wels man Sead-
qveyanaSi. kerZod, damoukidebel saxelmwifoTa Taname- gina 313 aTasi adamiani., am wels turizmidan miRebulma
gobrobidan 1995 wels saqarTveloSi sul Semovida saerTo Semosavalma Seadgina 645 mln lari, 2004 wels
50875 turisti, rac ramdenime aTeuljer Camouvardeba Cvens qveyanaSi Semosul ucxoel vizitorTa raodeno-
sabWouri periodis analogiur maCveneblebs. bam Seadgina 368 aTasi kaci, rogorc zemoT moyvanili
2000 wlamde SenarCunebuli iyo aRniSnuli maCveneb- analizidan Cans, 2003 wlidan vizitorTa raodenobam
lis weliwadSi saSualod 7,5%-iT zrda momdevno 5 zrda daiwyo, magram 2004 wels saqarTveloSi Semosu-
wlis ganmavlobaSi ucxoel turistTa yovelwliuri li turistebis raodenoba ver miuaxlovda 2000 wlis
nakadi saqarTveloSi 4,5-jer gaizarda da 2000 wels man dones.
miaRwia 387,3 aTas kacs. kerZod, dsT-dan 2000 wlisaT- rogorc qveyanaSi Semosuli turistebis monaceme-
vis, Semosuli turistebis ricxvi oTxjer gaizarda da bis analizi gviCvenebs, damsvenebelTa ricxvis zrdas-
220327 turists miaRwia, magram momdevno 2 wlis ganmav- Tan erTad sagrZnoblad imata saqarTveloSi turistTa
lobaSi Semosuli turistebis ricxvma mkveTrad iklo momwodebeli qveynebis geografiam. 2004 wels saqarTve-
qveyanaSi mzardi kriminogenuli situaciis Seqmnis ga- los estumrnen msoflios 137 qveynidan. SemosulTa So-
mo. 2002 wlisaTvis am maCvenebelma mkveTrad iklo da ris yvelaze didi xvedriTi wona (93%) ukaviaT evropis
2003 wels _ 174002-s miaRwia. momdevno wlebSi ki tu- sxvadasxva (sul 51) qveynis turistebs. evropeli tu-
ristebis raodenoba TiTqmis 2-jer gaizarda, magram ristebis saerTo raodenobaSi ki TiTqmis 64 % dsT-s
cxadia es ar aris is maCvenebeli, rac unda iyos sa- qveynebis turistebi arian. am ukanasknelTa Soris yve-
surveli saqarTvelos ekonomikisaTvis. aqve aRsaniSna- laze didi xvedriTi woniT arian warmodgenili somxe-
via is garemoebac, rom 1995-2000 wlebSi qveynidan gasu- Tis, azerbaijanis, ruseTisa da ukrainis turistebi,
li turistebis odenoba aWarbebs Semosuli turistebis kerZod: somxeTi–32.6%; azerbaijani_29.2%; ruseTi_28.1%;
ricxvs, rac imaze metyvelebs, rom saqarTvelos turis- ukraina_14.9%. rogorc aq moyvanili analizidan Cans, am
tuli saldo uaryofiTia.
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droisaTvis saqarTvelosaTvis turistebis ZiriTad afrikis kontinentidan 1995 wels Cvens qveyanas mxo-
momwodeblad kvlav dsT-s qveynebi rCebodnen. lod 11 turisti stumrobda, xolo 2004 wels maTma
1996 wlidan daiwyo turistTa nakadebis zrda ev- ricxvma 800-s gadaaWarba, romelTa Soris 333 somaleli
ropis centraluri nawilidan. sakmarisia aRiniSnos, turisti iyo. rac Seexeba dasavleT aziis qveynebis tu-
rom Tu 1996 wels CexeTidan, ungreTidan, baltiispire- ristebs (maT ganekuTvneba 6636 vizitori), maTgan 96%
Tis qveynebidan, rumineTidan, poloneTidan da slovake- modis iranze da indoeTze.
Tidan sul Semovida 339 vizitori. ukve 2000 wels maTi saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan Semosuli turistebis
ricxvi 13-jer gaizarda da 4,4 aTasi kaci Seadgina, xo- struqturuli analizidan naTlad Cans, rom saqarTve-
lo 2004 wels ki am qveynebidan 5.5 aTasi damsvenebeli lo ukve moeqca saerTaSoriso turizmis interesis qveS
Camovida. rac Seexeba CrdiloeT, samxreT da dasavleT da turistebis nakadma Cveni qveynis mimarTulebiT da-
evropis qveynebs (dania, fineTi, islandia, didi brita- iwyo gadmonacvleba. aRniSnuli situacia imiTac aris
neTi, saberZneTi, italia, espaneTi germania, Sveicaria ganpirobebuli, rom saqarTvelo 1993 wlidan gawevrian-
da sxvebi.), maT wilad modis evropis turistebis saer- da msoflio turistul organizaciaSi da 1995 wlidan
To raodenobis 11.3 %. gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia sa- Cveni qveyana ukve aRiricxeba saerTaSoriso organiza-
qarTvelosaTvis turistebis momwodebeli aRmosavleT ciebisa da sxva qveynebis mier turistebis saerTaSori-
evropis qveynebis–TurqeTis, israelisa da kviprosis so migraciis aRricxvis erTian saangariSsworebo sis-
xvedriTi wili evropul turistTa saerTo raodenoba- temaSi.
Si. maTi raodenoba stabilurad izrdeba. 2004 wels man 2005 wels saqarTveloSi Semosul ucxoel vizi-
Seadgina qveyanaSi Camosuli evropeli turistebis torTa raodenobam Seadgina 542.4 aTasi kaci. anu 2004
23,4%. welTan SedarebiT turistTa raodenoba, 36%-iT gai-
evropuli qveynebis garda, saqarTvelos mimarT did zarda. amas daerTo isic, rom am droisaTvis saqarTve-
dainteresebas iCenen: amerikelebi, afrikelebi, azia-- loSi Semomsvlel turistebze gasacemi vizebis fasi
wynari okeanis qveynebi, axlo aRmosavleTisa da sam- Semcirda 80 aSS. dolaridan 10 dolaramde, 2006 wlis
xreT aziis qveynebi. saqarTveloSi 2004 wels Semosuli dasawyisisaTvis ki saerTod gauqmda vizebi saqarTve-
turistebis saerTo raodenobaSi amerikis qveynebidan lo-TurqeTs Soris 3 Tviani mogzaurobisaTvis.1 cal-
Semosul turistebs (saerTo jamSi 11231 kacs) mxolod mxrivad gauqmda savizo reJimi aSS-sTan, evrokavSir-
3% ukavia. amerikelTa Soris TiTqmis 95 % modis aSS- TTan, koreasa da iaponiasTan. amasTanave turistebis
is, kanadis da meqsikis turistebze. Cvens qveyanas nel- Semoyvana saqarTveloSi ibegreba dRg_is nulovani gan-
nela ecnobian aRmosavleT aziisa da wynari okeanis kveTiT.
qveynebis turistebic: CineTidan, iaponiidan, koreis sa- saqarTvelos turizmisa da kurortebis departamen-
xalxo respublikidan, indoneziidan, filipinebidan, av- tis monacemebiT, 2006 wels saqarTveloSi Semovida
straliidan da sxva saxelmwifoebidan. maTma ricxvma
2004 wels 13268 kaci Seadgina. rac 1995 wlis 54 vizi-
torTan SedarebiT, Zalian STambeWdavi Sedegia. 1. sayevriSvili r. turizmis stimulirebisaTvis 11 biznes macne.
Tbilisi, 2007, #11 gv.: _ 18.
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983,1 aTasi vizitori, anu 80%-iT meti, vidre 2005 wels. 2007 wels saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan dasasveneb-
maTgan Semosuli turistebis yvelaze didi nawili mo- lad sul Semovida 1051 aTasi turisti, rac 7%-iT meti
dioda kvlav dsT-is qveynebze, xolo rac Seexeba daiyo wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT. maT
savleT evropas, qarTul turizmSi maTi wili kvlav mier daxarjulma saerTo Tanxam Seadgina 937.4 milioni
dabali iyo da is sul 18,2 %s Seadgenda. aRsaniSnavia, lari.. 2007 wels saqarTveloSi evropidan sul Semovi-
rom turizmis TvalsazrisiT 2006 weli erT-erTi war- da 109,7 aTasi turisti, ramac 2006 welTan SedarebiT
matebuli weli iyo saqarTvelosaTvis, radganac mTeli Seadgina 73,9 aTasi kaciT meti, rac Seexeba mezobel
wlis ganmavlobaSi uSualod turizmis seqtorSi da- qveynebs: 2007 wels ruseTidan saqarTvelos 91,4 aTasi
saqmebulTa raodenobam Seadgina 41.9 aTasi kaci. unda turisti (wina welTan SedarebiT 12,75 aTasi kaciT nak-
iTqvas, rom 2000 wlis Semdeg aseTi maCvenebeli mxo- lebi) ewvia, ukrainidan_28,9 aTasi (wina welTan Sedare-
lod 2006 wels iqna miRweuli. 2006 wels turizmis Se- biT 29,1 aTasi turistiT naklebi), azerbaijanidan_281.63
mosavalma Seadgina 877.4 milioni lari. aT vizitori (2006 welTan SedarebiT 24.5 aTasiT nak-
Tu gadavxedavT yofili sabWoTa kavSiris qveynebSi lebi), somxeTidan _ 249.14 aTasi damsvenebeli (2006
turizmis ganviTarebis dinamikas aRmoCndeba, rom bal- welTan SedarebiT 24,15-iT aTasiT naklebi), xolo Tur-
tiispireTis qveynebis, ruseTisa da ukrainis Semdeg qeTidan ki _ 248 aTasi turisti, rac 2006 wlis maCvene-
2006 wels saqarTvelo meeqvsze adgilze iyo qveyanaSi belTan SedarebiT 19,4 aTasiT naklebia.
Semosuli turistebis raodenobis mixedviT. es ganapi- ucxoeli turistebis miReba warmatebiT daiwyo
roba iman, rom 2005 wels bevri ram gakeTda turizmis 2008 welsac. amas xeli Seuwyo am wlis xelsayrelma
stimulirebisaTvis. garda amisa, drois am intervalSi bunebriv-klimaturma pirobebma. 2008 wlis pirveli na-
(2004-2005 wlebSi) qveyanaSi politikuri viTareba stabi- xevrisaTvis Cveni qveynis turizmis sferoSi yvelaferi
luri iyo. ndobis garda, gaizarda turistebis saime- kargad midioda, magram am wlis meore naxevarSi qveyna-
dobis xarisxi, rac gaxda imis garanti, rom saqarTve- Si politikuri procesebi gamwvavda, ris gamoc turis-
lo turistebs am droisTvis Rirseulad emsaxureboda. tebis Semosvlamac sagrZnoblad iklo. aRniSnuli ro-
2006 wels Cvens qveyanaSi gaizarda sastumroebis ricx- di niSnavs imas, rom saqarTveloSi ivnis-ivlisis Tveeb-
vic, aSenda araerTi kotejis tipis sastumro (anu imis Si turistebi ar Semosula. politikur-ekonomikuri
problema, rom turistebis ganTavseba ver moxerxdebo- arastabilurobis miuxedavad, turistuli sezoni sa-
da, nawilobriv daregulirda). rac Seexeba samomxmareb- qarTveloSi mainc kargad midioda, magram viTareba ra-
lo fasebs, igi gacilebiT ufro maRali iyo, vidre dikalurad Seicvala 2008 wlis agvistoSi saqarTvelo-
2005 wels. bunebrivia zafxulSi fasebi yovelTvis ma- ruseTs Soris xuTdRian saomar moqmedebaTa Sedegad,
Ralia, rogorc momsaxurebis sferoze, ise kvebis pro- rodesac Cvens qveyanaSi Semosuli ucxoeli turistebis
duqtebze. 2006 wels saqarTvelos sastumroTa brunva raodenoba mkveTrad Semcirda
Seadgenda 57,7 mln dolars, xolo 2007 wels ki _ 68,6 agvistos Tvis dasawyisidan, rodesac sakurorto
mln dolars. Cvens qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso donis sas- sezoni aWaris zRvispira zolSi piks unda miRweuliyo,
tumro operatorebi Semovidnen 2007 wlis ivnisSi. CaiSala. faqtiurad saqarTveloSi saomari moqmedebebi
767 768
mimdinareobda da turistebi ki ara, TviT Cveni qveynis operatori, romlebic marTaven ramdenime qselur
moqalaqeebic ki, visac amis saSualeba gaaCnda, garbod- brends. 2009 wels saqarTvelos sastumroTa brunvam
nen saqarTvelos sazRvrebs gareT. es iyo Zalian didi 105,8 mln dolars miaRwia. 2010 wels, saqarTveloSi Se-
danakargi qveynisaTvis. saqarTvelom mxolod turizmis mosuli turistebis raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT,
sferoSi aseulobiT milioni lari izarala. praqtiku- 36%-iT gaizarda da man Seadgina 2,03 mln turisti. 2010
lad Cavarda sazRvao sezoni, sadac elodnen turiste- wels saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan Camosuli turistebis
bis ZiriTad nawils (450 aTass). turistebis raodenoba mier Cvens qveyanaSi dasvenebisas daxarjulma Tanxam
2008 wlis agvistos omis Semdeg 86%-iT Semcirda. tu- Seadgina 2000 mln lari, maTze momsaxure obieqtebis
ristuli kompaniebi mkveTrad Semcirebuli klienturis mier gadaxdilma sabiujeto Tanxam Seadgina 517 mln
raodenobis gazrdas uprecedentod dabali fasebis (10- lari, turistuli produqciis eqsportidan miRebulma
dan 40%-mde fasdaklebis) SeTavazebiT cdilobdnen. mi- Semosavalma Seadgina 2100 mln lari, uSualod turiz-
uxedavad qveyanaSi arsebuli mZime mdgomareobisa, 2008 mis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa raodenobam _73 aT. kaci, xo-
wels qveyanaSi 1290,107 vizitori dafiqsirda, rac wina lo mis monaTesave dargebSi dasaqmebulTa moculobam
welTan SedarebiT, gaizarda 24%-iT, xolo maT mier ki _ 220 aTasi kaci. 2011 wels saqarTveloSi ucxoeTi-
Cvens qveyanaSi dasvenebis dros daxarjulma Tanxam ki dan sul Semovida 2,8 mln turisti (wina wlis analo-
Seadgina 1,2 mlrd lari. vizitorebis ZiriTadi nawili giur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 40%-iT meti), romelTac
Semovida TurqeTidan (27,2%), azerbaijanidan (27%), som- sul daxarjes 2,5 mlrd lari. Sesabamisad imata am seq-
xeTidan (21,8%), ruseTidan (8,9%), ukrainidan (2,6 %), is- torSi dasaqmebul muSakTa raodenobam da turistuli
raelidan (1,3%), germaniidan (1,02%), saberZneTidan (1%), kompaniebis mier gadaxdilma sabiujeto Tanxebma. (wya-
aSS-dan 0,92%), da a. S. ucxoeTidan moqalaqeebis Camos- ro: www. saq-stati) navaraudebia, rom 2013 wels saqarTve-
vlis ZiriTadi mizani iyo biznesi da profesiuli aqti- loSi Camova 4,2 mln turisti, xolo 2015 wlisaTvis ki
voba (39%), naTesavebis monaxuleba (26%), rekreacia maTi raodenoba gaizrdeba 5 mln-mde. es statistika
(20%), tranziti (4%), ganaTleba (2%), mkurnaloba (2%) migvaniSnebs imaze, rom turizmis sferoSi ganxorcie-
da sxva (2%).1 lebuli saxelmwifoebrivi Zalisxmeva sakmaod efeqti-
2009 wels saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan Camosuli tu- nia.1
ristebis raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT 15 %-iT
gaizarda da Seadgina 1,5 mln adamiani, xolo maT mier
daxarjulma Tanxam ki Seadgina 1,32 mlrd lari, rac
11%-iT meti iyo wina welTan SedarebiT. 2009 wels
Cvens qveyanaSi ukve moqmedebda 9 saerTaSoriso donis
1 erqomaiSvili g. ekonomikuri politikis gavlena turistuli 1 mesxia i. turizmis ganviTarebis strategia saqarTvelos ekono-
biznesis ganviTarebaze saqarTveloSi. turizmi, ekonomika da mikuri prioritetebis sistemaSi. turizmi, ekonomika da biznesi.
biznesi. gamomcemloba ùniversali”, Tb. 2010, gv. 33. gamomcemloba ùniversali”, Tbilisi, 2010, gv.25.
769 770
turizmis erovnuli saagentos funqcionirebis 8%–mcxeTaSi, 6%–quTaisSi, 5%_lagodexSi, 4%–gorSi,
Sedegebi saqarTveloSi 4% steafnwmindas estumra, 3% – siRnaRs, 3% – qobu-
leTs, 2% mestias, xolo 6%-ma ki moinaxula saqarTve-
saqarTveloSi turistuli politikis gansazRvrisa los sxvadasxva adgilebi.
da realizaciis ZiriTad maregulirebel saxelmwifo 2011 wels saqarTveloSi yvelaze meti (645 259) tu-
organos warmoadgens turizmis erovnuli saagento, risti TurqeTidan Camovida. vizitorebis mixedviT, meo-
romelic daarsda saqarTvelos turizmis da kurorte- re adgilzea azerbaijani (643254 kaciT), mesameze – som-
bis departamentis bazaze. swored erovnuli saagento xeTi (627 244 turistiT), meoTxeze –ruseTi (256 399 vi-
axdens Cvens qveyanaSi Camosuli da gasuli turistebis zitoriT), mexuTe poziciaze ki aris irani (57 088 ka-
raodenobis, vizitis xangrZlivobis, gaweuli danaxar- ciT). saqarTveloSi turistebis Semosvlis raodenobiT
jebis Sesaxeb monacemebis Segrovebas da analizs. ami- CamoTvlili qveynebis aTeulSi Sedian ukraina, israe-
tom Zalze mniSvnelovania am organizaciis mier 2011 li, amerikis SeerTebuli Statebi, germania da yazaxe-
wlis ganmavlobaSi Semosuli da gasuli turistebis Ti. saqarTvelos turizmis erovnulma saagentom 2011
raodenobis, vizitis xangrZlivobisa da gaweuli dana- wels monawileoba miiRo 20 saerTaSoriso da adgi-
xarjebis Sesaxeb arsebuli dinamikis analizi. saqar- lobriv gamofenaSi. ganxorcielda ramdenime marketin-
Tvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos informaciiT, guli proeqti, Seiqmna dokumenturi filmebi, romlebic
1990-ani wlebis Semdeg 2011 wels saqarTveloSi turis- gadaica 18 enaze 117 qveyanaSi. gatarebuli reformebis
tebis rekorduli raodenoba Camovida. turistebisaTvis Sedegad, navaraudevia 2013 wels saqarTveloSi 4,2 mln
yvelaze mimzidvel regionad aWaris zRvis kurorti da turistis Camosvla.
svaneTi rCeba. 2011 wels ganviTareba hpova miznobrivma bazrebma.
amis garda, turistebis didi nakadia yazbegSi da saqarveloSi jerjerobiT turistebis yvelaze didi na-
xevsureTSi, kerZod, SatilSi. iq sastumroebis fasi kadi dsT–s qveynebidan Camodis. Cveni qveynis turistu-
SedarebiT dabalia, ris gamoc saojaxo sastumroebze li politikis strategiul mizans unda warmoadgendes
didi moTxovnaa. saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxis naxviT ucxoeli turistebis momwodebeli (donori) bazrebis
dainteresebulia evropelebic. evropidan 2011 wels qve- diversifikacia (alternatiuli bazrebis moZieba). ami-
yanaSi sul 481 501 turisti Semovida. aziidan saqarTve- saTvis saWiroa saqarTvelos turizmis erovnulma saa-
los 42917 vizitori ewvia.1 turizmis erovnuli saagen- gentom da kerZo turistulma kompaniebma gamarTon
tos Tanaxmad, turizmis seqtorSi 2011 wlis 26 dekem- farTomasStabiani kampania evropis qveynebSi. maT unda
bris mdgomareobiT, saqarTveloSi 2 756 669 turisti gazardon qveynis cnobadoba, radganac am bazrebze ar-
Semovida. 2010 wels es maCvenebeli 1 983 397 gautolda. sebobs Cveni qveynisadmi interesi da Sesabamisad _
2011 wels qveyanaSi Semosuli turistebis raodenobis moTxovna saqarTvelos sxvadasxva tur-produqtze.
35% Tbilisze modis. turistebis 24% baTumSi Cavida, prognozi _`5 milioni turisti 2015 wels” mxolod ma-
Sin iqneba realuri, Tu turistuli infrastruqtura
1http://www.presa.ge/new/?m=society&AID=7689.Sorena
gogolaZe.
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da sastumroebis biznesi kidev ufro ganviTardeba. sa- rom inflaciis gaRrmavebasTan turistebis raodenobis
Wiroa daixvewos servisis xarisxic. pirdapirproporciuli damokidebuleba namdviulad
turizmis seqtorSi 2011 wlis Sedegebis analizma fiqsirdeba. yvela is ararezidenti piri, romelic qve-
aCvena am dargis rogorc dadebiTi, ise uaryofiTi mxa- yanaSi Semodis saqmiani vizitiT, miiCneva turistad.
reebi. qveyanaSi aris moTxovna dabalbiujetian sastum- cxadia, rom es adamianebi saqarTveloSi fuls xarja-
roebze. aucilebelia aSendes or da sam varskvlaviani ven, es iqneba sastumros, kvebis Tu gadaadgilebis xar-
sastumroebi, radganac turizmis sferoSi moRvawe eq- jebi, Sesabamisad, isini turistebi arian.
spertebis mier turistuli moTxovnebis kvlevis Sede- saqarTvelos yvela regioni prioritetuli da popu-
gad miRebuli daskvnebis Tanaxmad turistebis mxridan larulia. Tumca, Tu vimsjelebT dResdReobiT turis-
swored am tipis ganTavsebis saSualebebze aris moTx- tebis raodenobis mixedviT, udaod gamoikveTeba Tbili-
ovna. sis wili. aseve maRalia baTumis monaxulebis maCvenebe-
saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagentos warmo- lic. vizitebis TvalsazrisiT, aseve popularulia_ qo-
madgenlebi xSirad xvdebian investorebs, romelTac buleTi, quTaisi, mcxeTa, ureki, stefanwminda, gori,
sTavazoben specialur turistul paketebs qobuleTsa borjomi, lagodexi, mestia, uSguli da siRnaRi. ucxo-
da anakliaSi arsebuli turistuli zonebisaTvis. el mogzaurTa umravlesoba Camovida Cveni qveynis
msgavsi Sexvedrebis mizania investorebi dainteresdnen sazRvao da samTo–saTxilamuro kurortebze dasvenebi-
dabalbiujetiani sastumroebis mSeneblobiT. marTalia sa da rekreaciis mizniT. Cvens qveyanaSi Camosul tu-
2011 weli, turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, warma- ristebs agreTve ainteresebT SemecnebiTi, saTavgadasav-
tebuli iyo, magram am seqtorSi mainc uamravi proble- lo, kulturuli turebi, ekoturizmi, Rvinis turizmi,
ma arsebobs. amdenad, turistuli biznesi saqarTvelo- biznes turizmi da sxva. ucxoeli moqalaqeebis saqar-
Si sakmaod momgebian sferod gadaiqca, ris gamoc am TveloSi vizitis saSualo xangrZlivoba xuTi dRea.
dargSi SesaZlebeli gaxda uamravi adamianis dasaqmeba.1 vizitorTa TiTqmis naxevari (44%) qveynis teritoriaze
ucxoeli turistebis raodenobis zrda iwvevs in- rCeba 2-7 dRis ganmavlobaSi. dasveneba-rekreaciis miz-
flaciuri procesebis gaRrmavebas. Cvens qveyanaSi arse- niT vizitorebi Cvens qveyanaSi atareben 7 dRes, profe-
buli infalaciis maRali tempebi imis damadasturebe- siuli viziti ki 3 dRes grZeldeba. aq Camosuli turis-
lia, rom saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxoeli turiste- tebis 66% mamakacia, xolo 44% _ qali. maTi asaki mer-
bis raodenoba ganuxrelad izrdeba. turistTa raode- yeobs 25-dan 44 wlamde.1
nobis zrda pirdapirproporciul kavSirSia inflaciis
sididesTan, es maCvenebeli ki saqarTveloSi saxarbie-
lo namdvilad ar aris. mag., 2011 wlis noembris monace-
mebiT, inflacia saqarTveloSi 14%-ze meti iyo. ase,
1 http://netgazeti.ge/GE/86/business/7625/.htm.`5 mln turisti 2015

wels” nino natroSvili. 1 http://ghn.ge/news-48216.html.
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turizmis prioritetuli mimarTulebebi ristebi sWarboben da qveynisTvisac am tipis turistebs
saqarTveloSi moaqvT ufro meti Semosavali. saqarTveloSi yvelaze
met Tanxas xarjaven ganviTarebuli qveynebidan Camosu-
vinaidan saqarTvelo, rogorc axali turistuli li turistebi, romlebic ZiriTadad Camodian dasavleT
~samyaro”, TandaTan imkvidrebs Tavs msoflio turis- evropidan, CrdiloeT amerikidan da aRmosavleT azii-
tul bazarze, turizmis TiTqmis yvela mimarTuleba im- dan.
yofeba ganviTarebis stadiaSi. mis ZiriTad xelisSem- 2011 weli iyo erT-erTi yvelaze dinamiuri weli sa-
Slel faqtorebad SeiZleba dasaxeldes turistuli qarTvelos turizmis industriisa da misi infrastruq-
infrastruqturis ganuviTarebloba da profesionali turis ganviTarebis mxriv. amaze marto ucxoeli tu-
kadrebis deficiti. mag., alpinisturi turizmis ganvi- ristebis zrdis nakadis procentuli maCvenebeli ar
TarebisaTvis saWiroa samaSvelo samsaxuri da saerTa- metyvelebs. Zalian swrafad ganviTarda turistuli in-
Soriso serTifikatis mqone samTo gidebi. garda zRva- frastruqtura: moxda rogorc Zveli kurortebis aR-
ze da samTo-saTxilamuro kurortebze dasvenebisa, sa- dgena da reabilitacia aseve axali kurortebis Seqmna
qarTvelos turistuli bazari SeiZleba davyoT ramde- da daarseba. Zalian mniSvnelovania satransporto qse-
nime samogzauro segmentad, maT Soris aRsaniSnavia saq- lebis ganviTareba da axali aeroportebis mSenebloba.
miani turizmi, romlis ZiriTad centrebs warmoadgenen ukve gaxsnilia mestiis aeroporti. safuZveli Caeyara
qalaqebi_ Tbilisi da baTumi. aseve mniSvnelovan seg- quTaisis aeroportis mSeneblobas. 2011 wlis erT-erT
ments warmoadgenen saTavgadasavlo da ekoturizmis yvelaze mniSvnelovan proeqtad miCneuli unda iqnes
segmentebi, romlis moyvarulebic saqarTvelos ZiriTa- zugdidi-mestiis gzis dageba. turizmis Semdgomi ganvi-
dad zafxulis periodSi stumroben. miuxedavad imisa, TarebisTvis aucilebelia turistuli infrastruqtu-
rom samkurnalo turizmis segmentis wili umniSvneloa, ris mSenebloba, momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobeseba,
mainc unda avRniSnoT, rom saqarTveloSi, sxva qveyneb- am sferoSi dasaqmebul muSakTa kvalifikaciis amaRle-
Tan SedarebiT, mkurnalobis dabali Rirebuleba da ba, ucxour bazrebze Cveni qveynis popularizacia da
samkurnalo kurortebis simravle ganapirobebs ucxoe- reklamireba. es saWiroa imisaTvis, rom saqarTvelom
lebis dainteresebas Cvens qveyanaSi Caitaron samkurna- msoflio turistul rukaze daikavos Tavisi mniSvne-
lo procedurebi. am etapze saagento intensiurad muSa- lovani niSa.
obs samTo saTxilamuro, alpinisturi da Rvinis tu- saqarTvelos turistuli strategiis ganviTarebis
rizmis ganviTarebisaTvis. agreTve gegmaSia eTnografi- samoqmedo gegmis arsi imaSi mdgomareobs, rom Cvens
uli, kulinariuli da eko-turizmis ganviTareba. yvela qveyanaSi unda Camoyalibdes turizmis sainformacio
am komponents moicavs geoturizmi. centrebi, romlis realizeciis mizansac unda warmoad-
saqarTveloSi yvelaze momgebiani aris saqmiani tu- gendes: turistuli adgilis marTvis organizaciebis
rizmi. saSualod yvelaze did Tanxas swored saqmiani modelis Seqmna, sakanonmdeblo sistemis gaumjobeseba,
mizniT Camosuli turistebi xarjaven qveyanaSi. Tumca turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebulTa kvalifikaciis amaR-
jamuri TvalsazrisiT, dasvenebis mizniT Camosuli tu- leba, saerTaSoriso donis saswavlo centris Camoya-
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libeba, turistuli infrastruqturis ganviTareba, axa- Tvelos rogorc turistuli marSrutis cnobadoba
li turistuli produqtebis Seqmna, Zveli kurortebis mkveTrad gaizarda am qveynebSi.
reabilitacia, axali kurortebis Seqmna, turistul ad- kerZo turistuli kompaniebis mier SeTavazebuli
gilTa ganviTarebis gegmebis SemuSaveba-ganxorcieleba fasebi unda iyos momsaxurebis da maT mier SeTavazebu-
da zamTris sezonis moaxloebasTan dakavSirebiT, miz- li produqtis xarisxis Sesabamisi. Tanamedrove etapze,
nobriv bazrebze aqtiuri sareklamo kampania. turistul produqciaze maRali moTxovnis arsebobis
Cveni qveynis miznobrivi bazrebi or nawilad iyofa. gamo, bevr ekonomikurad aqtiur subieqts garantirebu-
esenia: pirveladi da meoradi bazrebi. pirvelad baz- li biznesi aqvs, ris gamoc isini momsaxurebis xaris-
rebs ganekuTvnebian mezobeli qveynebi, yofili sabWoTa xis srulyofaze naklebad fiqroben. turizmis seqto-
kavSiris qveynebi, baltiispireTis da aRmosavleT evro- risadmi msgavsi midgoma moklevadiani xedvaa, rac gana-
pis qveynebi. pirvelad bazrebze saqarTvelos, rogorc pirobebs imas, rom bazarze fasebi ar aris momsaxure-
turistuli qveynis, cnobadoba SedarebiT maRalia. am bis adeqvaturi. Tumca, turistul produqtze moTxovna
bazrebze Cveni qveynis turistulma saagentoebma ufro mkveTrad izrdeba. konkurenciis zrdasTan erTad, tu-
metad unda awarmoon sareklamo xasiaTis kampania. meo- ristul bazarze poziciebis SenarCunebisa da konku-
rad bazrebs ganekuTvneba dasavleT evropa da Soreu- rentunarianobis amaRlebis mizniT, saWiroa turistul-
li qveynebi, rogoricaa amerikisa da aziis qveynebi. am ma kompaniebma gaaumjobeson momsaxurebis xarisxi da
bazrebze saqarTvelos, rogorc turistuli mimarTu- tur-produqciaze daaweson Sesabamisi fasebic. saqar-
lebis, cnobadoba SedarebiT dabalia da, aqedan gamom- Tvelos xelisufleba valdebulia Cvens qveyanaSi Seq-
dinare, Cveni marketinguli RonisZiebebi ufro Semoi- mnas turizmis ganviTarebis iseTi makrogaremo, rome-
fargleba piar- da informaciuli kampaniiT. Cveni qvey- lic xels Seuwyobs saqarTvelos turistul produqci-
nis Sesabamisma turistulma struqturebma unda ibrZo- aze moTxovnis formirebas da zrdas.
lon axali bazrebis aTvisebaze da im turistuli pro- bunebrivia Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: rogoria saqarTve-
duqtebis ganviTarebaze, romlebsac am konkretul baz- loSi turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis
rebs SesTavazeben. rodesac saubari exeba dasavleT ev- strategia? erovnul turistul saagentos, unda gaaC-
ropel da amerikel turistebs, pirvel rigSi unda aRi- ndes momsaxurebis xarisxis gaumjobesebis rogorc
niSnos is, rom am qveynis moqalaqeebs uvizod Semos- moklevadiani, ise grZelvadiani gegma. moklevadian
vlis ufleba aqvT saqarTveloSi, rac xels uwyobs tu- strategiaSi unda Sediodes: saqarTvelos kurortebze
ristebis nakadis matebas, magram imavdroulad ufro da sxvadasxva turistul adgilebSi moklevadiani tre-
meti pirdapiri avia-reisis SemoRebaa saWiro am qveyneb- ningebis Catareba. turistebis moTxovnidan gamodinare,
Tan ufro mWidro turistul kavSir-urTierTobaTa saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionebSi sastumro saxlebi-
damyarebisaTvis. 2011 wels kidev ufro meti intensiu- sa da turistuli biznesis marTvis sferoSi dasaqmebu-
robiT gadioda amerikul arxebze reklama Cveni qveynis li kadrebis kvalifikaciis amaRlebisa da inglisuri
turistul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa Sesaxeb. Sedegad saqar- enis Semswavleli kursebis Camoyalibeba.
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turistuli momsaxurebis gaumjobesebis grZelvadi- biT baTumis portSi kruizebis raodenobis gazrda. un-
ani strategiis nawili unda iyos am sferoSi ganaTle- da aRiniSnos, rom gamofenis farglebSi moxda metad
bis xarisxis gaumjobeseba da kadrebis kvalifikaciis mniSvnelovani kontaqtebis damyareba da konkretuli
amaRleba. 2011-12 wlebSi Tbilissa da regionebSi Camo- gegmebis dasaxva. ganxiluli iqna msxvili sakruizo
yalibda profesiuli saswavleblebi, romlebic orien- kompaniebis saqarTveloSi Semosvlis sakiTxi. aq gamar-
tirebulni iqnebian momsaxurebis qveda da saSualo sa- Tul molaparakebaTa Sedgad moxdeba kruizebze momu-
fexuris personalis (mimtanis, mzareulis, barmenis da Save kompaniebis turistul katalogebSi baTumis Seta-
sxva) momzadeba-gadamzadebaze. sasurvelia turizmis na.
erovnulma saagentom gaxsnas swavlebis, treningis, bunebrivia ismis aseTi kiTxvebi: ramdenad xelmisaw-
kvlevisa da ganviTarebis centri, sadac SesaZlebeli vdomia saqarTvelos turistul-rekreaciuli potencia-
iqneba aramarto am sferoSi kvalifikaciis amaRleba, lis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba amerikeli, evropeli
aramed kvlevisa da ganviTarebis centrSi _ turizmis da azieli turistebibisTvis? ra konkretuli saSuale-
eqspertebisa da studentebis mier dargSi sxvadasxva bebiT SeuZliaT maT informaciis miReba? Cveni qveynis
kvlevis Catareba, rac xels Seuwyobs turizmis, ro- turistul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa Sesaxeb informacia mi-
gorc ekonomikis dargis ganviTarebas. sawvdomia rogorc internet-sivrceSi, ise sxvadasxva
magaliTisaTvis SeiZleba ganvixiloT siRnaRis rea- tipis mediaSi, Tumca dRevandel dRes es informacia
bilitacia, rasac ewinaaRmdegeboda adgilobrivi mo- mwiria. saWiroa 2013 wels moxdes informaciuli kampa-
saxleobis garkveuli nawili. nebismier sakiTxTan mi- niis Catareba, raSic igulisxmeba rogorc turizmis
marTebaSi sazogadoeba yovelTvis iyofa 2 jgufad- erovnuli saagentos saitis ganaxleba da socialuri -
_momxre da mowinaaRmdege mxareebad. es bunebrivicaa. mediis aqtiuri gamoyeneba, aseve “search engine optimizati-
Tanamedrove etapze Tu vinmes ar moswons saxelmwifos on”-is saitis da print-mediis gamoyeneba ama Tu im miznob-
mier gatarebuli politika, amis Taobaze masac SeuZ- riv bazrebze Cveni qveynis turistul kompaniaTa gas-
lia gamoTqvas protesti. mag., wlebis win safrangeTSic vlisa da damkvidrebis mizniT. saqarTvelos turizmis
iyo skandali, roca luvris win Tanamedrove SuSis pi- erovnuli saagentos saiti (www.georgia. travel) mniSvne-
ramidis konstruqcia dades, Tumca dRes igi parizis lovan rols asrulebs saqarTveloSi turistul sana-
erT-erT yvelaze mTavar RirsSesaniSnaobad iTvleba. xaobebze informaciis gasavrceleblad. amitom saqar-
reabilitaciisas mniSvnelovania siZveleebis SenarCune- Tvelos turistuli potencialis propagandis sferoSi
bac. turistuli infrastruqturis Senebis dros yo- mniSvnelovania am saitis regularulad ganaxleba.
velTvis gasaTvaliswinebelia adgilobrivi specifika. ucxoeTis dainteresebul turistebs saqarTvelos tu-
2011 wels saqarTvelo warmodgenili iyo msoflio rebis Sesaxeb informaciis mopoveba SeuZliaT yvela
sakruizo gamofenaze, saerTaSoriso gamofenis_“Cruise msxvili turistuli saagentoebis katalogebSi, magali-
and Shipping Miami 2011”-is farglebSi. mimdinare konfe- Tad, TUI, Mir Corporation, KUONI, JTB da a. S. saxelmwifom
renciaSi monawileobis mTavar mizans warmoadgenda sa- aqtiurad unda daexmaros kerZo turistul kompaniebs
erTaSoriso sakruizo kompaniebis mozidvis saSuale-
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iseT onlain saagentoebSi dasaregistrireblad rogo- gamoCena Zalze mniSvnelovania. vidre turisti romeli-
ricaa: booking.com, lastminute.com, tripadvisor da a. S. me qveyanaSi gadawyvets gamgzavrebas dasasveneblad, ma-
saqarTveloSi ucxoeli turistebis mosazidad, Cve- namde jer igi ~Sedis” am qveynis saitze, misi turistu-
ni qveynis, rogorc turistuli marSrutis, cnobadobis li RirsSesaniSnaobebis dasaTvaliereblad da mxolod
gasazrdelad, mniSvnelovania efeqturi marketinguli amis Semdeg iRebs igi mocemul qveyanaSi gamgzavrebis
RonisZiebebisa da piar kampaniebis ganxorcieleba, rac Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas. ucxoel turistebs SeuZliaT
sakmaod did danaxarjebTan aris dakavSirebuli. Tumca ~Sevidnen” Cveni qveynis saitze, misi turistuli Rir-
dRevandeli mZafri saerTaSoriso konkurenciis piro- sSesaniSnaobebis dasaTvaliereblad da miiRon saqar-
bebSi, adgilobrivi turistuli kompaniebis gadarCenisa Tvelos Sesaxeb yvelanairi informacia.
da maTi sicocxlisunarianobis amaRlebisaTvis auci- ucxoeli turistebisaTvis mogzauroba Tavisufle-
lebelia iseT marketingul RonisZiebaTa gatareba, robis tolfasia. maT Zalian uyvarT siaxleebis Zieba, eg-
goricaa: qveynis popularizacia, reklama da piari. rek- zotika da cvlilebebi. ucxoel vizitorebs saqarTve-
lama msoflio turizmis miznobriv bazrebze xorciel- los yvela regionSi uyvarT mogzauroba. maT Cveni
deba sezonurad. agreTve xdeba didi proeqtebis tran- qveynis yvela regionTan akavSirebT gansakuTrebuli
slacia msoflio doneze aRiarebul iseT arxebze ro- mogonebebi da STabeWdilebebi. sazRvargareTis damsve-
goricaa CNN da Travel Channel, romlis mizani da efeq- neblebs uyvarT svaneTi da mestia. gansakuTrebulia ka-
turoba gamoixateba aramarto imaSi, rom izrdeba tu- xeTic. am adgilebSi maT kvlav undebaT ukan dabruneba.
ristebis nakadi da ucxouri valutis qveyanaSi Semodi- Zalze sasiamovnoa Semodgomis baTumic, roca jer isev
neba, aramed mas aqvs iseTi grZelvadiani Sedegebi da Tbila, siwynarea da SesaZlebelia bulvarSi gaseirne-
miznebi, rogoricaa: moTxovnis zrdasTan erTad miwo- ba.1
debis gazrda Sesabamisad_ infrastruqturis ganviTa-
reba da dasaqmeba. reklama namdvilad moqmedebs efeq- saqarTvelodan gamavali turistuli
turad da es pirdapir aisaxeba Cvens qveyanaSi Semosu- marSrutebis analizi
li turistebis raodenobis zrdaze. sxva mxriv, rac ar
unda keTdebodes qveynis SigniT, reklamis gareSe mis gasvliTi turizmis maCveneblebi gaiangariSeba
Sesaxeb veravin gaigebs qveynis gareT. Sesabamisad nak- mgzavrobaze saSualo danaxarjebis safuZvelze. dana-
lebi iqneba Cveni qveynis turistul RirsSesaniSnaoba- xarjebis saerTo raodenoba SeiZleba miviRoT, Tu ga-
Ta Sesaxeb ucxoeli turistebis dainteresebac. Tana- vamravlebT sazRvargareT turistebis gasvlis raode-
medrove etapze Cveni qveynis zamTris kurortebze tu- nobas qveynis Sesabamisi jgufisaTvis erT mgzavrobaze
ristebis mozidvis mizniT reklamebi gadis pirvelad saSualo danaxarjebis sidideze. turistuli gasvlebis
miznobriv turistul bazrebze. raodenoba, romelic unda aRiniSnos, rom iSviaTad re-
saqarTvelos turistul RirsSesaniSnaobaTa Sesa- gistrirdeba statistikur angariSgebebSi, warmoadgens
xeb informacia ganTavsda saitze _ “Google Map”. am veb-
gverdze saqarTvelos bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebis 1 http://medianews.ge/index.php/ka/print/79403/.
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saerTaSoriso turizmze saerTo danaxarjebis fardo- tur-operetorebs, romlebic biznesis mxolod sawyis
bas mgzavrobaze saSualo danaxarjebis sididesTan etapze imyofebian), zogierTi maTgani swrafad ixureba,
qveynebis mocemuli jgufisaTvis. bevri qveynis erovnu- zogic ki _ixsneba. Tanamedrove tur-operatorebs So-
li turistuli administracia saerTod ar aRricxavs ris gamoiyofa 8 wamyvani turistuli kompania, romelic
gasvliT turizms da araviTari informacia am sakiTxze SesaZlebelia ganvixiloT, rogorc seriozuli, srul-
ar gaaCnia. am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso turizmze da- fasovani tur-operatoruli kompania. esenia: „mogzaur-
naxarjebis sidides angariSoben qveynis mosaxleobis Ta klubi“, „levon Treveli“, avia-kompania _ „flai du-
ricxovnobis gamravlebiT erT sulze sazRvargareT bai”, ~kavkazus Treveli”, ~vizit jorjia” ,,georgia”,
mgzavrobaze saSualo danaxarjebze. Semdeg ukve speci- ,,inturisti” da ,,saqturi”. aRniSnul kompaniaTa saqmia-
aluri formulis meSveobiT iangariSeba gasvlebis ra- nobis analizis safuZvelze SesaZlebelia davadginoT
odenoba. etapebad Sefasebis meTodika exmareba turiz- qveynis masStabiT ucxoeTSi dasasveneblad gamsvlel
mis msoflio organizacias miiRos informacia gasvli- turistTa ZiriTadi tendenciebi da kanonzomierebani.
Ti turizmis Sesaxeb da Semdeg Sekribos igi msoflio am mimarTulebiT qveynis masStabiT moqmed tur-opera-
masStabiT. torebs Soris wamyvani poziciebi uWiravT „mogzaurTa
Zalian saintereso suraTs iZleva saqarTvelodan klubs“, „levon Trevel“-s da „flai dubais“.1
gamavali turistebis dasvenebis marSrutebis analizi. turistuli kompania _ „mogzaurTa klubis“ infor-
Tu 1990-iani wlebis Semdeg saqarTveloSi SeimCneoda maciiT, Tu 2007-2008 wlebamde gamaval turistTa aqti-
gamavali turistebis raodenobis aSkara zrdis tenden- voba izrdeboda saSualod 10-15%-iT weliwadSi, 2011
cia, bolo wlebis ganmavlobaSi SeimCneva sapirispiro weli misTvis dasrulda gamsvlel turistTa raodeno-
dinamika_Cveni qveynidan ucxoeTSi gamsvlel turistTa bis SemcirebiT. 2010 welTan SedarebiT, „mogzaurTa
raodenobis Semcirebis tendencia. amis mtkicebis sa- klubis“ mimarT adgilobrivi turistebis daintereseba
fuZvels iZleva saqarTvelodan turistebis gamyvan Semcirda 5-10%-iT. 2000 wlidan 2010 wlamde Cveni qvey-
kompaniaTa funqcionirebis Sedegebis analizi. nidan sazRvargareT dasasveneblad gamsvlel turis-
saqarTvelodan turistebis gamyvani kompaniebis tebs Soris popularuli iyo TurqeTis, egviptis, sau-
speqtri Cveni qveynis turizmis sferos erT-erTi yvela- dis arabeTis, evrokavSiris (saberZneTis, germaniis,
ze Zlieri da aqtiuri nawilia. gamyvani turistuli safrangeTis, bulgareTis, rumineTis, italiis), ameri-
kompaniebis raodenoba ganisazRvreba 30-ze meti iuridi- kis, ruseTis, ukrainis, Sua aziis mimarTulebebi. „mog-
uli piriT. isini warmoadgenen kompaniebs, romlebsac zaurTa klubis“ monacemebis Tanaxmad, 2011 welsac qar-
drodadro rogorc gahyavT, ise SemohyavT samogzauro Tvel turistebSi yvelaze popularuli iyo TurqeTisa
turistuli jgufebi saqarTveloSi. saqarTvelodan gada egviptis mimarTulebebi, rasac mniSvnelovnad gana-
maval turistTa raodenoba sakamaToa, radgan turistu- pirobebs am qveynebTan uvizo reJimi. maTive cnobiT,
li kompaniebis ricxvi sistemurad icvleba, zogierTi kompaniis servisebs daemata CexeTis mimarTuleba, sa-
maTgani araa registrirebuli sajaro reestrSi (isini
warmoadgenen ubralo moqalaqeebs an individualur 1
www.gnta.ge.sxva partniorebi.
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dac qarTvel turists ukve SeuZlia aq gaataros Tavi- (TiTqos dasasveneblad), sinamdvileSi ki maTi ZiriTadi
sufali dro. mizania ucxoeTSi muSaobis dawyeba. turistuli viza,
turistuli kompania_„levon Treveli“. adgilobriv maTTvis ubralod aris mimReb qveyanaSi iolad ~SeRwe-
bazarze funqcionirebs 1997 wlidan. „levon Trevelis“ vis” instrumenti. sasurvel qveyanaSi SeRwevis Semdeg,
informaciiT, 2011 wels gamaval turistTa nakadi 20%– isini iwyeben muSaobas da wlebis ganmavlobaSi iq
iT Semcirda. Tumca, saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxoeli cxovroben aralegalurad, vidre ar miiReben moqalaqe-
turistebis raodenoba 30%–iT gaizarda. kompaniis in- obas. saqarTvelodan gasuli turistebis aRricxvis
formaciiT, 2011 wels egviptesa da TurqeTTan erTad, mowesrigebis mizniT, saWiroa turizmis msoflio orga-
qarTvel turistebSi didi popularobiT sargeblobs nizaciasTan Cveni qveynis aqtiuri TanamSromloba, rom-
dubai, rac ganapiroba aviakompaniis_„flai dubais“ Se- lis farglebSic unda moxdes turizmis regulirebis
mosvlam.1 mimarTulebebis gansazRvra, am sferoSi arsebuli ucx-
Cveni azriT, bolo 3 wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTve- ouri gamocdilebis miReba.
lodan ucxoeTSi dasasveneblad gamsvlel turistTa
raodenobis Semcirebis tendencia ZiriTadad ganpirobe- saqarTveloSi Semosuli ucxoeli
buli iyo Semdegi mizezebiT: 1. adgilobrivi kurorte- turistebis struqturuli analizi
bisa da sakurorto zonebis reabilitaciiTa da axali
sakurorto zonebis mSeneblobiT; 2. Cveni qveynis tu- turizmis dargis specialistebs Soris did dainte-
ristuli RirsSesaniSnaobebis, istoriuli da kultu- resebas iwvevs ucxoeli turistebis saqarTveloSi Ca-
ruli Zeglebis restavraciiT; 3. Sida turistul ba- mosvlis kmayofilebis da ukmayofilebis mizezebis ga-
zarze konkurenciis gamZafrebis Sedegad, sazRvargare- movlena, miRebuli STabeWdilebebisa da maspinZeli
Tis analogiur turistul servisTan da produqtebTan qveynis mimarT damokidebulebis Sefaseba saqarTveloSi
SedarebiT, adgilobrivi turistuli momsaxurebis xa- turistebis Camosvlis ZiriTadi mizania profesiuli
risxis zrdiTa da qarTul tur-produqtebze fasebis saqmianoba, dasveneba-rekreacia, naTesavebis monaxuleba
klebiT; 4. msoflio bazarze navTobisa da navTob-pro- da sxva saqmianoba. saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebis
duqtebis gaZvirebis gamo, sazRvargareTis qveynebis tu- winaSe xSirad warmoiqmneba iseTi problemebi, rogori-
ristul obieqtebamde Cveni qveynidan mgzavrobis Rire- caa: rigebi aeroportSi registraciisas, CanTis dakar-
bulebis zrdiT; 5. msoflio safinanso krizisis Sede- gva, saqarTvelos vizis moTxovna, azerbaijanisa da fo-
gad, mosaxleobis gadaxdisunarianobis, wina wlebTan Tis sazRvrebze gadmosvlis garTuleba, sabaJoze sa-
SedarebiT, SemcirebiT da a. S. Cuqrebis (tansacmlis) gamo warmoqmnili problemebi,
Cveni qveynidan gamaval turistTa zusti raodenobis saxelis gamo Seqmnili problemebi, sazRvris Caketva
dadgena SeuZlebelia, radganac saqarTvelos moqalaqe- ramdenime saaTiT, sazRvarze diplomatiuri pasportis
ebi ucxoeTSi oficialurad midian turistuli viziT gamo warmoqmnili problemebi, sabaJoze adamianuri re-
sursebis nakleboba da manqanis sxvaze gaformebiT ga-
1 http://www.commersant.ge/?id=5839. mowveuli problemebi.
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saqarTveloSi turistebi Camodian kulturuli tu- sastumro ufro ~popularulia” saqmiani vizitiT da
rizmis (istoriuli, kulturuli Zeglebis, muzeumebis dasvenebis mizniT Camosul turistebSi. axloblebis
daTvalierebis), saTavgadasavlo turizmis (mTamsvle- mosanaxuleblad Camosuli turistebisaTvis sastumros
lobis, velosipediT adgilebis monaxulebisa da sxva), mkafio alternatevaa axloblis saxli. ojaxuri tipis
eko-turizmis (daculi teritoriebis, nakrZalebisa da sastumro naklebad konkurentunariania, radganac Tu
erovnuli parkebis monaxulebis), ubralod dasvenebis, turistebs ara aqvT axloblis saxli, an ver daiqira-
Rvinis turizmis, samTo-saTxilamuro turizmis, agro- ves sastumro, maSin ojaxuri tipis sastumrosTan Seda-
turizmis (soflis garemoSi cxovrebis), samkurnalo rebiT isini amjobineben saxls.
turizmisa da specializirebuli turizmis (arqeolo- saqarTveloSi Camosuli ucxoel turistebs Cvens
giuri gaTxrebis, nadirobis, Tevzaobisa da sxva) gan- qveyanaSi viziti uyvars aq mcxovrebTa stumarTmoyvare-
xorcielebis mizniT. ucxoeli turistebi saqarTvelo- obis, megobruli damokidebulebis, saqarTvelos bune-
Si dasasveneblad Camosvlis Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebas bis, mTebis, qarTuli samzareulos, istoriuli adgi-
iRebs axlobel-naTesavebis rCeviT an adre CamosvliT lebis monaxulebis, arqiteqturis, kulturis, istori-
miRebul STabeWdilebaTa xarjze, Cvens qveyanaSi samsa- is, eklesiebis, Rvinis, qarTuli folkloris, qalaqis
xuris dawyebis gamo, media-saSualebebis (televiziis, simwvanis, xedebis, Zveli Tbilisis, biznesis ganviTare-
radios, presis) meSveobiT miRebuli informaciis xar- bis gamo. Cvens qveyanaSi Camosul ucxoel turistebze
jze. bevrma maTganma bavSvobidan icis saqarTvelos Se- yvelaze did StabeWdilebas axdenen adgilobrivebi, ma-
saxeb, romlis safuZvelzec Cvens qveyanaSi Camosvlis Ti bunebis gamoxatulebad stumarTmoyvareoba miaCniaT.
Sesaxeb iRebs gadawyvetilebas. saqarTveloSi Semosu- dasveneba-rekreaciis mizniT Camosuli turistebi
li turistebi internetis meSveobiTac iRebs gadawyve- upiratesobas aniWeben bunebas, mTas, adamianebs, stumar-
tilebas aq Camosvlis Sesaxeb. turistebs saqarTvelos Tmoyvareobas, megobrobas, qarTul samzareulosa da
Sesaxeb interesi uCndebaT skolaSi istoriis gakveTi- turistul RirsSesaniSnaobebs (eklesiebs, istoriul
lebis, biznes-asociaciebis partniorebis, turistuli adgilebs, arqiteqturas, istorias, kulturas, qalaqis
gamofena-bazrobis, wignebis, turistuli saagentos meS- simwvanes, xedebsa da Rvinos). adamianebiTa da stumar-
veobiT miRebuli informaciis xarjze. TmoyvareobiT kmayofilni yvelaze metad axloblebis
arasaqmiani vizitiT Cvens qveyanaSi stumrobis monaxulebis mizniT Camosuli adamianebi arian. bunebam
dros turistebisaTvis gansakuTrebul rols TamaSobs yvelaze didi STabeWdileba dasvenebisa da rekreaciis
axlobelTa rCeva. saqmiani vizitiT myofi turistebi- mizniT Camosul turistebze moaxdina.
saTvis samsaxuri gadamwyveti ar aris. es viziti, samsa- saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebi iZenen qarTul
xurebriv aucileblobasTan erTad, ganpirobebulia ma- Rvinos, keramikuli Tixis nakeTobas, qarTul erovnul
Ti piradi arCevaniT. turistebi saqarTveloSi yofnis tansacmels, samkaulebsa da wignebs, CurCxelas, arays,
dros cxovrobs sastumroSi, ojaxur garemoSi, kerZo qarTvel momReralTa Canawerebs, religiur simbolo-
saxlebSi, axloblebTan da kompaniis sacxovrebelSi. ebs (xatebsa da jvrebs), yanwebs, fardagebs, xis nakeTo-
Camosul turistTa umravlesoba sastumroSi cxovrobs. bebs, erovnul iaraRs (xanjals) da a. S. suvenirebs Zi-
787 788
riTadad iZenen qali turistebi, qarTul RvinosTan er- saqarTveloSi ukeT orientirebisaTvis turistebs
Tad, maTTvis saintereso nivTebia Tixa-keramikuli nake- yvelaze ufro metad daexmareba qalaqisa da istoriu-
Tobebi, erovnuli tansacmeli, samkauli, qarTuli pei- li adgilebis ruka, RirsSesaniSnavi adgilebi, zusti
zaJis naxatebi, xolo saqarTveloSi Camosuli ucxoe- da ganaxlebuli informacia internetSi, abrebi ingli-
li mamakacebisaTvis qarTuli Rvino konkurentgareSea. sur enaze, wignebi turistebisaTvis, turistuli gzam-
qarTuli Rvino yvelaze ~SeZenadi nivTia~ dasvene- kvlevebi ucxo enaze, turistuli biuroebi, restornebi
bis da saqmiani mizniT Camosul turistebSi. yvelaze da gasarTobi adgilebi, sastumroebi, istoriuli wig-
naklebad mas axloblebis mosanaxuleblad Camosuli nebi, zogadi informacia qveynis Sesaxeb, (mosaxleoba,
adamianebi etanebian (SesaZloa, maT Rvinos swored es istoria da a. S.) agreTve Cvens qveyanaSi maTi vizitis
axloblebi Cuqnian). saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebi Sesaxeb gadawyvetilebis miRebaze gavlenas axdens sa-
iZenen qarTul erovnul tansacmels. axloblebis mosa- qarTveloSi arsebuli amindi, fasebi da kultura. am
naxuleblad Camosuli turistebi ZiriTadad iZenen tipis informaciis miReba turistebs SeuZliaT samog-
xelnakeT suvenirs. saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistebs zauro internet-portalidan, gzamkvlevidan, megobrebis
awuxebs gafuWebuli gzebi, moZraobis wesebis darRveva piradi kontaqtidan da saelCoebidan.
(avtomobilis agresiuli marTva), enobrivi barieri, da- saqmiani turistebi yvelaze ufro maRali gadaxdi-
nagvianebuli garemo, maTxovrebis simravle, quCaSi in- sunarianobisaa. saqarTveloSi maTi viziti TiTqosda
glisurenovani abrebis nakleboba, wylis Sewyveta, ga- ~iZulebiT~ xasiaTs unda atarebdes, rasac negatiuri
datvirTuli avtobusebi (ganrigis ararseboba), sastum- gavlena unda moexdina Cveni qveynisadmi maTi Sexedu-
roebSi momsaxurebis dabali done, sastumroebis siZvi- lebis Camoyalibebaze, magram aRmoCnda, rom saqmiani vi-
re, sazogadoebrivi tualetebis mouwesrigebloba, mo- zitis drosac ki bevri ucxoeli Segnebulad arCevs
saxleobis siRaribe, biurokratia, naRdi fulis gadax- Cvens qveyanaSi Camosvlas, romlis mizezia axloblebis
da, regionebs Soris transportirebis problemebi da dadebiTi gamoxmaureba saqarTveloze da qveyanaSi ukve
frenis ganrigi (Rame). yofnis gamocdileba. yovelive es xdeba maTi warsuli
saqarTveloSi Camosul turistebSi yvelaze did saqmianobis gagrZelebis an axali saqmis dawyebis sa-
STabeWdilebas axdens stumarTmoyvareoba. dasveneba-- fuZveli. saqmiani/profesiuli mizniT Camosuli turis-
rekreacia da axloblebis monaxuleba. Camosul turistebis saSualo danaxarji ufro maRalia, vidre dasve-
tebSi yvelaze did kmayofilebas iwvevs saqarTvelos nebisa da axloblebis monaxulebis mizniT CamosulTa
istoriul-kulturuli RirsSesaniSnaobani.. turistebi- danaxarjebi, rac savaraudod, imiT aris ganpirobebu-
saTvis, romlebsac izidavT Rvinis turizmi, gadamwyve- li, rom maTi danaxarjebis nawils mainc damqiravebeli
ti mniSvneloba aqvs stumarTmoyvareobas. turistebi- faravs. SesaZloa, swored amitom saqmiani mizniT Camo-
saTvis agreTve Zalze mniSvnelovania tur-produqtebze sulebi sastumroSi ixdian yvelaze met Tanxas. saqmiani
dawesebuli fasebi. Cvens qveyanaSi yoveli ganmeorebiTi adamianebi Cvens qveyanaSi Camosuli ar arian STabeWdi-
viziti ufro metad axdens kvlav Camosvlis stimuli- lebebis misaRebad. amis miuxedavad, maTze mainc STabeW-
rebas.
789 790
dilebas axdens qarTuli stumarTmoyvareoba da aq vis Catarebis praqtika Cvens qveyanaSi jer kidev ver
mcxovrebi adamianebi. damkvidrda. saqarTveloSi momuSave turoperatorebis
dasveneba\rekreaciis mizniT Camosuli turistebisa- mier gaweuli turistuli momsaxurebis analizma aCve-
gan miRebuli informacia mkveTri emociuri elferiTa na, rom ucxoeli turistebis mozidvis mizniT qarTve-
da maRali motivirebulobiT gamoirCeva. motivirebu- li tur-operatorebis mier gamoiyeneba reklamis 6
lobas is gansazRvravs, rom maTi saqarTveloSi Camos- sxvadasxva saxeoba. niSandoblivia, rom maTi umravle-
vla yvelaze metad aris Segnebuli arCevanisa da gar- soba turistuli produqtis promouSenisa da axali
kveuli gaTvla-gaangariSebis Sedegi. dasveneba-rekrea- momxmareblebis dainteresebis mizniT iyeneben sakuTar
ciis mizniT Camosul turistebSic danaxarjis yvelaze veb-gverdebs, e. i. isini cdiloben turistuli produq-
didi xvedriTi wili sastumroSi cxovrebaze modis ciis gasaRebas internetis saSualebiT. saerTaSoriso
dasveneba-rekreaciis mizniT Camosuli ucxoelebis vi- turistul gamofena-bazrobebSi monawileobs turistu-
ziti ufro xanmoklea, vidre saqmiani vizitis xan- li produqtis mimwodebelTa 85%. turistul biznesSi
grZlivoba. reklama specifikuria. sxva reklamissagan gansxvavebiT,
dasveneba-rekreaciis mizniT Camosul turistebs saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenebSi monawileobas
yvelaze metad qveynis mdidari kultura da istoria ormagi datvirTva aqvs.
izidavT. dasveneba-rerkeaciis mizniT Camosuli stumre- saqarTveloSi moqmedma turistulma kompaniebma
bi moxiblulebi arian saqarTvelos bunebiT da qarTu- msgavs saerTaSoriso bazrobebSi monawileobiT sakuTa-
li stumarTmoyvareobiT. maT yvelaze metad aqvT pir- ri produqcia warudgines mraval vizitors, dades axa-
dapiri Sexeba bunebasTan. axloblebis monaxulebis li kontraqtebi ucxour kompaniebTan da rac yvelaze
mizniT Camosul turistebSi axloblebis faqtori gan- mTavaria xeli Seuwyes saqarTvelos, rogorc turistu-
sazRvravs maT arCevans, radganac isini dazRveulni li imijis mqone qveynis, popularizacias misi sazRvre-
arian sxvadasxva saxis diskomfortebisgan, rogorebic bis gareT. adgilobrivma kompaniebma ucxoeli partnio-
aris: Ramis gasaTevze zrunva, qveyanaSi orientireba da rebisa da sazRvargareTis savaWro centrebSi TavianT
bevri sxva teqnikuri sirTulis daZleva. produqciaze arsebuli moTxovnis warmodgena moaxerxa
qarTuli sareklamo masaliTac. niSandoblivia is gare-
saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli moeba, rom kompaniaTa mxolod mcire nawilma mimarTa
kvlevis analizi reklamis iseT ZviradRirebul saSualebas, rogoricaa
satelevizio reklama sazRvargareTis televiziaSi. es
saqarTveloSi Camosuli turistuli nakadebis TavisTavad misasalmebelia, vinaidan tur-operatoris
struqturuli analizis Semdeg tur-operatorebisaTvis mier axali momxmareblis mopovebisa da sakuTar pro-
swori rekomendaciis misacemad saWiroa Cveni qveynis duqciaze axali moTxovnis Seqmnis mizniT mimwodebel-
turistuli bazris marketinguli kvleva. samwuxarod ma gaiRo mniSvnelovani xarjebi.
mwiri statistikuri monacemebi da saxelmwifo struq- tradiciulad qarTveli tur-operatorebis mier ga-
turebis mier sazogadod miRebuli marketinguli kvle- moyenebuli sareklamo saSualebebis gaTvaliswinebiT,
791 792
sainteresoa realobaSi momsaxurebuli ararezidenti bulia Semdegi faqtorebiT: saqarTvelos turistuli
turistebis poziciebi gayidvebis saSualebebis mixed- bazris evropis regionTan geopolitikuri siaxloviT,
viT. qarTvelma turoperatorebma jerjerobiT ver aiT- kulturaTa TanaziarobiT, saqarTvelos evrosabWoSi
vises saerTaSoriso turizmSi miRebuli distribuciis gawevrianebiT, evrokavSirSi Cveni qveynis swrafviT da
iseTi Tanamedrove da farTod gamoyenebuli meTodebi, a. S.
rogoricaa produqciis internetiT gayidva. samagierod evropis Semdeg saqarTvelos turistul bazarze
ucxoeTis bazarze orientirebuli qarTveli operato- amerikis regionia warmodgenili. am mxriv, mesame ad-
rebisaTvis gayidvebis naxevarze meti ucxoeli partni- gilzea azia-wynari okeanis regioni. qarTul bazarze
orebis meSveobiT gasaRebaze modis. saqarTveloSi ar- sakmaod umniSvnelodaa warmodgenili msoflios danar-
sebuli tur-operatorebis mier, ucxoeli turistuli Ceni sami _ axlo aRmosavleTis, afrikis da samxreT
nakadebis mozidvis mizniT, gamoyenebuli sareklamo da aziis regioni. metad sainteresoa imis dadgena, Tu ro-
gayidvebis saSualebebis mixedviT, momsaxurebuli ucx- goria qarTuli turistuli produqtis gasaRebis efeq-
oeli turistebis dinamikis analizis Semdeg saintere- tianoba dsT-s sivrceSi. tradiciulad saqarTvelos
soa, Tu msoflios romeli regionis rezidentebi mog- mTavar bazrad am sivrceSi ruseTi rCeba, vinaidan tu-
zauroben saqarTveloSi. roperatorebis umravlesoba am bazarze muSaobs. es
cnobilia, rom nebismieri qveynisaTvis mniSvnelova- imiT aixsneba, rom istoriulad qarTuli turistuli
nia imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli regionidan Semodis produqti ruseTSi sakmaod cnobadia. meore adgilzea
turistTa meti raodenoba. saqarTveloSi Semosul ara- ukraina, mesameze _ somxeTi, meoTxeze ki _ azerbaijani.
rezident vizitorTa umravlesoba evropis regionze mas Semdeg, rac cnobilia saqarTveloSi Camosul
modis. aRniSnul bazarze muSaobs Cveni qveynis tur-o- saerTaSoriso turistTa geografiuli areali msof-
peratorTa naxevarze meti. Sesabamisad gaizarda saqar- lio turistuli regionebisa da ZiriTadi qveynebis mi-
TveloSi evropel rezident -mogzaurTa raodenoba. e. xedviT, amis Semdeg mniSvnelovania imis gansazRvra, Tu
i. evropa qarTuli turistuli bazrisaTvis mzardi re- ramdenia maTgan axali da mudmivi (potenciuri) momxma-
gionia da, Sesabamisad ZiriTadi orientiri, saqarTve- rebeli. saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli
loSi saerTaSoriso donis turistebis mozidvis miz- kvlevis Sedegad dadginda, rom ararezidenti turiste-
niT, momavalSi swored am regionze unda iyos aRebuli. bis umravlesobam saqarTveloSi pirvelad imogzaura,
evropis regionidan yvelaze meti organizebuli mogza- miuxedavad amisa, tur-operatorebisaTvis mommarebelTa
uri germaniidan da italiidan Camodis, romelTa baz- soliduri nawili saqarTveloSi didi xania mogzau-
rebzec qarTvel tur-operatorTa naxevarze meti muSa- robs. es tendencia gvaZlevs imis Tqmis saSualebas,
obs. maTTvis am qveynebis rezidentebi Seadgens saerTo rom qarTveli tur-operatorebis mier warmodgenili
momxmarebelTa naxevarze mets. es imaze metyvelebs, produqcia ucxoeli turistebisaTvis mimzidvelia. mar-
rom turistuli produqtis gasaRebis bazari swored ketinguli kvlevis mniSvnelovani sakiTxia tur-opera-
am qveynebSia Tavmoyrili. saqarTvelos turistul ba- torebis mier gaweuli momsaxureba. saqarTvelos tur-
zarze evropis regionis aseTi mzardi roli ganpirobe- produqciis momxmarebelTa naxevarze meti jgufuri
793 794
mogzauria, danarCeni ki _ individualur da saojaxo saqarTvelos sakmaod didi turistuli potenciali
turizmze modis. aqvs. es aris 12000 istoriuli da arqiteqturuli Zeg-
saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli li, romelTagan 4 Setanilia iuneskos msoflio mniS-
kvlevisas aucilebelia movaxdinoT ucxoel turistTa vnelobis ZeglTa nusxaSi, 7 aris arsebuli an perspeq-
segmentacia asakisa da sqesis mixedviT. bolo dros tiuli erovnuli parki da a. S. ese igi Tu arsebuli
turistuli saagentoebis meSveobiT Camosul turistTa potencialis ranJirebas movaxdenT turizmis saxeobaTa
saerTo raodenobis naxevarze meti qalebze modis. es mixedviT, maSin Cvens qveyanaSi perspeqtiuli iqneba tu-
tendencia imaze metyvelebs, rom samomavlod tur-ope- rizmis iseTi saxeebis ganviTareba, rogoricaa: kultu-
ratorebma sxvadasxva turis Seqmnisa da dagegmvis pro- ruli, samkurnalo, sakurorto, eko-, agro-, saojaxo
cesSi unda gaiTvaliswinon mTeli rigi Taviseburebebi tipis turizmi da a.S. qarTveli tur-operatorebi Cvens
vinaidan mogzaurobis miznebis miuxedavad, mamakacebs qveyanaSi samogzaurod 14 sxvadasxva Sinaarsis turs
da qalebs erTmaneTisgan gansxvavebiT specifiuri inte- awarmoeben, e. i. saqarTvelos turistuli bazari SeiZ-
resebi gaaCniaT. rogorc saqarTvelos turistuli baz- leba daiyos 14 samogzauro niSad, Tumca moTxovnebi
ris marketinguli kvlevis Sedegebi cxadyofs, Cvens umTavresad kulturul turizmze modis. Sesabamisad,
qveyanaSi Warbobs asakobrivi turistebi. es gamowveu- firmebic am segmentze muSaobs.
lia imiT, rom maT gaaCniaT myari finansuri baza da Tu adre tur-operatorTa umravlesobisaTvis maTi
moTxovnilebaTa dakmayofilebis saSualeba. tur-produqciis umetesobas saTavgadasavlo, eko-ture-
Cveni qveynis turistuli bazris marketinguli bi da zamTris turebi Seadgenda, Tanamedrove etapze
kvlevisas mniSvnelovania ucxoeli turistebis saqar- moTxovna saTavgadasavlo da zamTris turebze Semcir-
TveloSi yofnis xangrZlivobis gansazRvra. saerTaSo- da. Semcirda agreTve saqmian turebze da kurortebze
riso turizmSi miRebuli turistuli paketis (“Package dasvenebis mizniT samogzaurod Camosvlaze moTxovna,
Tours”) saSualo vadaa 1-2 kvira. momxmareblebi swored es imiT aixsneba, rom erTis mxriv, saqarTvelos (gansa-
am xangrZlivobis turistul paketebs yiduloben tu- kuTrebiT SavizRvispira) kurortebi gamorCevian Zalian
roperatorebisagan. Cveni qveynis turistuli kompanie- mokle sezonurobiT, rac TavisTavad saerTaSoriso tu-
bis umravlesoba emsaxureba iseT turistebs, romlebic rizmis ganviTarebisaTvis erT-erTi mniSvnelovani Sema-
saqarTveloSi erT kviraze naklebi droiT mogzauro- ferxebeli faqtoria, xolo meores mxriv, saqarTvelos
ben. arian iseTi turistuli paketis myidvelebic, rom- mezobeli TurqeTis kurortebi, romlebic idealuri
lebic qveyanaSi erT Tveze met xans rCebian. es segmen- sezonurobiT gamoirCevian, momxmarebels SedarebiT da-
ti ZiriTadad moicavs profesiul-saqmian turizms (kon- bal fasebSi sTavazoben xarisxobrivad maRali donis
ferenciebs, kongresebs, biznes-forumebs da a. S). Cvens samogzauro turebs.
qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebisa da tur-operatorebi tradiciulad awarmoeben Semdegi
dargis mdgomareobis analizis dros Seswavlili unda saxis turebs: sportul turebs, religiur / piligri-
iqnes Cveni qveynis turistuli potenciali, turis saxe- mul turebs, specializebul turebs (arqeologebisaT-
ebi da maTze arsebuli moTxovna. vis, viwro specializaciis mqone adamianebisaTvis da a.
795 796
S), agroturebs, samkurnalo turebs, eTnikur da nos- sneba, rom, istoriulad rusi turistebis umetesoba sa-
talgiur turebs. saqarTveloSi turistuli bazris qarTveloSi samkurnalod Camodioda, xolo rac Seexe-
marketinguli kvlevis dros yuradReba unda gamaxvil- ba Rvinis turs, qarTuli Rvino rusebisaTvis yovel-
des qarTul Rvinoze, romelsac didi xnis istoria Tvis warmoadgenda did faseulobas; saTavgadasavlo
aqvs. igi msoflioSi erT-erTi uZvelesia. saqarTvelos turizmiT dainteresebulni arian ukrainelebi. sakon-
yvela regionSi vazis sxvadasxva unikaluri jiSi arse- greso turebis ZiriTadi momxmareblebi somxeTisa da
bobs. yovelive zemoaRniSnulidan gamomdinare, unda vi- azerbaijanis moqalaqeebi arian.
varaudoT, rom Rvinis turizmiT qarTvel turopera- saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli
torTa umravlesoba iqneba dakavebuli, Tumca dResdRe- kvlevisas, mniSvnelovania turizmis sezonuribis gan-
obiT turizmis am saxeobaze muSaobs kompaniebis mxo- sazRvra, misi saxeebis mixedviT. arasezonur turebs mi-
lod mcire nawili. Cveni qveynis turoperatorebi awar- ekuTvneba mxolod profesiuli/saqmiani turebi, vinai-
moebs ”Sop” turebs, e. i. organizebuli turistebis dan igi weliwadis oTxive sezons moicavs, dabali se-
garkveuli nawili saqarTveloSi maTTvis sasurveli zonurobis turebia: kulturuli da specializebuli
nivTebis SesaZenad Camodian. turebi, vinaidan isini weliwadis sam sezons moicaven,
aseve sainteresoa imis gansazRvra, Tu romeli qvey- saSualo sezonurobis turebs ganekuTvnebian: religi-
nis rezidentebi moixmareben turistul produqts. ur/piligrimuli da eTnikur/nostalgiuri turebi, isi-
kulturuli turebiT dainteresebulni arian germaniis, ni weliwadis or sezons moicaven. maRali sezonurobis
italiis, safrangeTis, niderlandebis, SvedeTis, ukrai- turebs miekuTvneba: dasveneba kurortebze, agroturebi,
nis, aSS-s, kanadis, iaponiis moqalaqeebi; saTavgadasav- ekoturebi, samkurnalo turebi, saTavgadasavlo ture-
lo turebiT ki dainteresebulni arian TurqeTis, ukra- bi, sportuli turebi, Rvinis turebi da `Sop~ turebi.
inis mcxovrebni; ekoturebiT – germaniis moqalaqeebi; rogorc Cveni qveynis turistuli bazris marketinguli
agroturebiT – frangebi; religiuri turebiT – ameri- kvlevis analizi gviCvenebs, saqarTvelos bazarze tu-
keli da evropeli turistebi; profesiuli/saqmiani turebis umravlesoba maRali sezonurobiT xasiaTdeba,
rebiT–somxebi, azerbaijnelebi da norvegielebi, ku- rac iTvleba turizmis ganviTarebis Semaferxebel faq-
rortebze dasvenebiT – somxebi; Rvinis turebiTa da torad.
samkurnalo turebis ganxorcielebiT – rusebi da a. S. saqarTvelos turistuli bazris marketinguli
zemoT moyvanili analizidan SeiZleba davaskvnaT, kvlevisas unda aRiniSnos is garemoebac, rom zemoT
rom yvelaze didi moTxovna, qveynebis raodenobis mi- ganxilul turTa realizeba ZiriTadad xdeba Cveni
xedviT, kulturul turebze modis da igi moicavs qveynis regionebSi. regionebis 40% Zalian maRali aqti-
msoflios sam turistul regions (evropa, amerika da vobisaa, vinaidan tur-operatorTa absoluturi umrav-
azia-wynari okeanis regioni), dsT-s wevri qveynebis mi- lesoba am regionebSi awarmoeben turebs. esenia: kaxe-
xedviT, moTxovna yalibdeba Semdeg turebze: ruseTis Ti, mcxeTa-mTianeTi, imereTi da samcxe-javaxeTi. maRa-
moqalaqeebi interess gamoTqvamen samkurnalo turebis, li aqtivobis turistul regionebs ganekuTvneba aWaris
kurortebisa da Rvinis turebis mimarT, rac imiT aix-
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regioni. marketinguli kvlevis Catarebis dros, saWi- melsac aqvs yvela saxeobis turizmis ganviTarebis per-
roa ucxoeli turistebi daiyos socialur jgufebad. speqtiva, magram maT Soris wamyvani roli jer-jerobiT
saqarTvelos turizmSi mniSvnelovani adgili uWi- mainc zRvis turizms uWiravs. XIX saukunis 70-iani
ravs eklesias. kavkasiis izolirebulma mdebareobam xe- wlebidan rogorc adgilobrivi xelisufleba, ise ucx-
li Seuwyo sasuliero xuroTmoZRvrebis Tavisebureba- oeli investorebi dainteresdnen aWaris zRvispira zo-
Ta Camoyalibebas da ganviTarebas. aq SexvdebiT qristi- lis, rogorc rekreaciuli resursebiT mdidari adgi-
anuli arqiteqturis uZveles formebs, ulamazesad Ser- lis keTilmowyobiT, magram aWaraSi sakurorto-turis-
wymuls Tvalwarmtac landSaftebTan, romlis gacnoba- tuli meurneobis realuri ganviTareba daiwyo 1930-iani
sac iTvaliswinebs aq ganxorcielebuli religiuri tu- wlebis Semdeg, roca aWaris zRvis sanapiro kurortebi
rebi. religiuri turizmiT dainteresebulma firmebma saxelmwifo mniSvnelobis kurortebad iqna gamocxade-
unda Seiswavlon turistul bazarze dagrovili gamoc- buli, farTo gasaqani mieca axali sakurorto infras-
dileba. truqturis mSeneblobas. 1940 wels aWaraSi ukve arse-
erT-erTi srulyofili turi, romelic Seqmna Tana- bobda 17 sanatoriumi, sastumro da dasasvenebeli sax-
medrove etapze ucxoelma tur-operatorma saqarTvelo- li 1223 sawoliT. turizmis ganviTarebam xeli Seuwyo
Si, es aris cnobili germaneli tur-operatoris ~bib- aWaris zRvispireTSi saqalaqo tipis dasaxlebis, samSe-
liSe raizenis~ mier Seqmnili turi _ ~kavkasiis ekle- neblo organizaciebis, sagareubno soflis meurneobis,
sia-monastrebi”. es aris yvelaze didi tur-operatori, kvebis, msubuqi mrewvelobisa da savaWro dawesebuleba-
romelic awyobs bibliur TemebTan dakavSirebul tu- Ta Seqmnas.
ristul mogzaurobebs msoflios 22 qveyanaSi. ucxoel aWaris regions gaaCnia mniSvnelovani potenciali,
damsveneblebs saqarTvelos turistulma kompaniebma Sida turizmTan erTad, CaerTos saerTaSoriso turiz-
SeiZleba SesTavazon Semdegi saxis momsaxureba: mgzav- mis erTian qselSi da igi aqcios finansuri Semosavle-
roba saqarTvelos aviaxazebis TviTmfrinaviT ucxoeTi- bis miRebis stabilur wyarod. am regions gaaCnia ro-
dan Tbilisamde da ukan, transferi da qveynis Sida gorc turistuli (bunebrivi, istoriul-kulturuli,
mogzaurobebi avtobusiT, ganTavseba sastumroSi, sam- SemecnebiTi, socialur-sayofacxovrebo da infrastruq-
jeradi kveba, kvalificiuri eqskursia-mZRolis Tan- turuli), ise sakurorto (mineraluri wylebi, zRva,
xleba, dazRveva mogzaurobis periodSi, savizo momsa- tye, samkurnalo klimati da sxva) resursebi. agreTve
xureba, survilis mixedviT, samgzavro CanTa da a. S. maRalia aWaris ekologiuri potencialic, romelic
niSnavs vizitebis raodenobis im maqsimums, romelzec
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis turistuli gadameteba iwvevs uaryofiT ekologiur Sedegebs da
potenciali ucxoeli turistebis mxridan adgilobriv kulturas-
Tan mimarTebaSi negatiur damokidebulebas.
aWaras, misi ganumeorebeli landSaftiT, floriTa
saqarTvelos turistul regionebs Soris calke
da istoriul-arqiteqturuli ZeglebiT, subtropikuli
ganxilvis Rirsia aWaris avtonomiuri respublika, ro-
da dekoratiuli mcenareebis didi nairsaxeobiT, zRvis-
799 800
pira da mTis kurortebiT, subtropikuli klimatisa da ni wylebiT. gogirdovani wylebi gamoedineba agarasa
Tbili, Savi zRvis samkurnalo TvisebebiT, SeuZlia da- da xuloSic. rkinis wyalia beSumSi. mineraluri wya-
ainteresos ucxoeli turistebi. aWaris regionis havis roebi gvxvdeba qobuleTis mTian nawilSic: cxemlovan-
specifikuroba imaSi gamoixateba, rom mcire moculo- Si, Caqvis TavSi da a.S. aRniSnuli wyaroebi mdebareobs
bis teritoriaze warmodgenilia sxvadasxva klimaturi advilad misadgom adgilebSi, rac iZleva balneologi-
pirobebis didi mravalferovneba: sanapiro zoli xasi- ur kurortTa Seqmnis SesaZleblobas. arsianis qedis
aTdeba teniani haviT, Tbili zamTriTa da cxeli zaf- mTebSi, aWaris regionis aRmosavleT sazRvarTan, zRvis
xuliT. mTiani regionebi xasiaTdeba civi teniani zam- donidan 1800-1900 metrze mdebareobs maRalmTiani kli-
TriTa da xangrZlivi grili zafxuliT. maRalmTianeTs maturi kurorti beSumi. mas axasiaTebs grili da mSra-
axasiaTebs xangrZlivi civi, teniani zamTari da xanmok- li maRalmTiani klimati. aq haeri aris sufTa, Warbi
le grili zafxuli. Sesabamisad, yovelive es iZleva ozoniTa da JangbadiT.
sxvadasxva saxis sakurorto da turistuli biznesis arsebuli bunebriv-geografiuli pirobebis gaTva-
ganviTarebis SesaZleblobas. liswinebiT, aWaris regionSi SeiZleba ganviTardes
aWaris sanapiro zolis klimati gamoirCeva gansa- dasvenebisa da rekreaciis Semdegi formebi:
kuTrebulad rbili haviT. temperaturis saSualoTviu- 1. wylis turizmi _zRvaze dasveneba, wylisa da
ri ryevis amplituda aq 170-s Seadgens, rac minimaluria mzis abazanebis miReba, Tevzaoba, CanCqerebze dasveneba,
mTel msoflioSi (e. i. imdenivea, rac saxelganTqmul mineraluri da gogirdovani wylebis abazanebis miReba,
kurort nicaSi). mTebSi hava ufro mkacria. adgilis si- sanaosno sportiT garToba, mTis tbebze gaseirneba,
maRlis matebasTan erTad zomierad Tbili hava icvle- delfinariumis monaxuleba da a. S.;
ba zomierad civiT. mravalferovania mcenareTa safa- 2. balneologiuri turizmi _ rogorc dablobis,
ric: maradmwvane tye, rcxilisa da wiflis SereviT, zRvispira balneologiuri SesaZleblobebi, ise mTis
wiflis tyeebi, wiwvovani tyeebi (naZvi, soWi, fiWvi) da kurortebis samedicino maxasiaTeblebi;
alpuri mcenareebi. sanapiro zolSi gavrcelebulia 3. istoriuli da kulturuli Zeglebi _ sxvadasxva
subtropikuli kulturebis plantaciebi, baRebi, deko- istoriuli adgilebi, cixeebi, arqeologiuri gaTxrebi,
ratiuli nargavebi, kurortebis Sesaqmnelad xelsayre- muzeumebi, galereebi, Teatri da sxva;
lia aWaris mTiani raionebic. maTTvis damaxaiaTebelia 4. agroturizmi _ sofelSi cxovreba, dResaswau-
mravali mcenare da ulamazesi landSafti. lebze daswreba, erovnuli tradiciebis (samzareulosa
.mTiani zona mdidaria mineraluri wylebiTac. maTi da xelovnebis nimuSebis) Seswavla;
raodenoba aRwevs ramdenime aTeuls. hidromineraluri 5. samecniero turizmi _ adgilobrivi floris iS-
resursebis mixedviT, aWaraSi liderobs qedis raioni viaTi nimuSebis, botanikuri baRis daTvaliereba, adgi-
(merisis rkiniani da gogirdovani, namonastrevis radi- lobriv mecnierebTan kontaqti, simpoziumebis, konfe-
oaqtiur-kiriani, kokotauris tute-kiriani, dumbaZisa renciebi, Sexvedrebis mowyoba da a. S.;
da bakanaTis rkiniani wylebi da a. S.). Suaxevis raio- 6. saojaxo turizmi_garToba, eqskursia da a.S.;
nic cnobilia agreTve Tbili, mariliani da gogirdova- 7. samTo-saTxilamuro da samonadireo turizmi;
801 802
8. saqmiani turizmi _ biznesmenebisa da mewarmeebis vaCnia dawvrilebiT ganvixiloT baTumis turistul-
saqmiani vizitebi warmoadgens turizmis ganviTarebis rekreaciuli potenciali.
yvelaze maRalSemosavlian saxeobas; baTumis turistuli potenciali. baTumis ZiriTadi
9. kongres-turizmi _ Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso nawili mdebareobs vake-dablobze. es qalaqi, rogorc
turizmis yvelaze ufro metad dinamiurad ganviTareba- sakurorto adgili da turizmis ganviTarebis mniSvne-
di saxeobaa, romelsac aRmavlobis sakmaod didi per- lovani centri, mecnier-ekonomistebis mier adridanve
speqtiva aqvs aWaris regionSi; iqna aRiarebuli, magram mis mimarT yuradReba gansa-
10. sabavSvo banakebis aRorZineba saSualebas mis- kuTrebiT gaizarda XIX saukunis 70-ian wlebSi. qalaq
cems aWaris (gansakuTrebiT maRalmTiani zonis) kuror- baTumSi daiwyo sastumroebis, sanatoriumebis, dasasve-
tebis ufro srulyofilad datvirTvas; nebeli saxlebis, turistuli bazebis, zRvis Tbili
11. saxalxo dResaswaulebi qmnis turistul nakad- wylisa da maxinjauris gogirdwyalbadovani abazanebis
Ta mozidvis did potencials. aseTi dResaswaulebia samSeneblo samuSaoebi. am sferoSi aWaris zRvispireT-
~SuamToba”, ~kolxooba”, ~maWaxloba” da a. S. sa da, kerZod, baTums wamyvani poziciebi ekava. sabolo-
saucxoo xarisxisaa aWaris zRvispira plaJebi. misi od amas mohyva baTumSi Zlieri sakurorto-turistuli
dadebiTi mxarea zRvis wylis maRali temperatura, ro- kompleqsebis Seqmna. paralelurad izrdeboda turis-
melic zafxulSi Seadgens 240-s. aWaris mTavar turistebis raodenoba baTumSic. turizmi am qalaqSi gadaiq-
tul kurortebs warmoadgens qobuleTi da baTumi. ca CamorCenilidan mzard seqtorad.
farTodaa cnobili zRvispira klimaturi kurorti qo- baTumi gawevrianebulia Ramis qalaqTa msoflio
buleTi romelic mdebareobs baTumidan CrdiloeTiT klubSi da yvelaze lamazi (keTilmowyobili) qalaqia
24 km-is manZilze daSorebiT. igi cnobilia qviSiani aWaris regionSi. baTumis yvelaze lamazi adgilia
wvrilkenWovani plaJiT. qobuleTis samxreTiT mdebare- zRvispira bulvari, romelic gamoyofs qalaqis ganaSe-
obs kurorti cixisZiri, xolo baTumis CrdiloeTiT nianebul kvartalebs plaJisagan. baTumis RirsSesaniS-
ki_kurortebi maxinjauri da mwvane koncxi, romlebic naobebs Soris aRsaniSnavia botanikuri baRi. is mdeba-
am qalaqebTan erTad qmnian sakurorto jgufs. maT ga- reobs qalaqis CrdiloeTiT, borcvian adgilze. am baR-
nekuTvneba agreTve samTo-klimaturi kurorti ciskara Si Tavmoyrilia subtropikuli da tropikuli floris
(mtirala), romelic mdebareobs zRvis donidan 1300 iSviaTi koleqcia.
metr simaRleze. aqedan kargad moCans aWaris mTeli sa- Tanamedrove etapze sakurorto-turistuli meurne-
napiro zoli da aWara-imereTis mTiani zona.1 oba iTvleba saerTaSoriso turizmis erT-erT yvelaze
aWaris sxva regionebTan SedarebiT ufro bevri tu- swrafad ganviTarebad, rentabelur dargad, romelic
ristuli RirsSesaniSnaobis flobis gamo, saWirod mig- aqtiur rols TamaSobs baTumis ekonomikur ganviTare-
baSi. misi mniSvneloba ganuwyvetliv izrdeba am qala-
qis sazogadoebriv cxovrebaSi, radganac dRevandeli
1 Caganava p. sainvesticio procesebi aWaris turizmis sferoSi. finansuri da ekonomikuri krizisis pirobebSi igi
turizmis socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi. gam.`SoTa ru- xels uwyobs mosaxleobis dasaqmebasa da Semosavlebis
sTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti”. baT., 2010, gv._60.
803 804
zrdas, Tanmdevi dargebis aRorZinebas, stimuls aZlevs ris dargebi, vaWroba, momsaxurebis sfero, agro-samrew-
adgilobrivi ekonomikis ganviTarebas, exmareba CamorCe- velo kompleqsi da, aqedan gamomdinare, agraruli seq-
nil, depresiul regionTa socialur-ekonomikur win- tori. igi uzrunvelyofs sasursaTo produqtebze mo-
svlas. baTums turizmis ganviTarebis didi perspeqtiva saxleobis mzardi moTxovnilebis dakmayofilebas, da-
aqvs, romelsac ganapirobebs mravalferovani bunebriv- saqmebisa da savaluto Semosavlebis zrdas, erovnuli
geografiuli resursebi, xelsayreli geo-politikuri tradiciebisa da kulturuli memkvidreobis msoflio
mdebareoba, Tvalwarmtaci buneba, Tbili klimati, rbi- asparezze gatanas. turizmis gavlena regionis ekonomi-
li hava, ulamazesi plaJebi, landSafti, rac mTavaria, kaze ganisazRvreba multiplikaciuri efeqtiT.
uZvelesi kulturisa da tradiciebis mqone stumar- ucxoeli turistebi aWaris regionSi yofnisas iZe-
Tmoyvare mosaxleoba. nen adgilobriv saqonels, rac produqciis eqsportisa
ukanaskneli 5 wlis ganmavlobaSi baTumSi yvelaze da ucxouri savaluto Semosavlebis miRebis tolfasia.
didi raodenobiT turisti Camovida TurqeTidan, azer- turizmi stimuls aZlevs masTan korelaciaSi myof
baijanidan da somxeTidan. mkveTrad imata turistTa dargTa ganviTarebas. turizmis multiplikaciuri efeq-
ricxvma aSS-dan, germaniidan da ukrainidan. am mzardi ti vlindeba danaxarjebisa da Semosavlebis ganmeore-
tendenciis miuxedavad, qalaqSi arsebuli didi turis- badobaSi. biznesis am dargSi warmoebs fulis recirku-
tuli potenciali jer kidev ar aris srulad gamoyene- lacia da es cikli meordeba uwyvetad. amasTan erTad,
buli. unda gagrZeldes turistebis ganTavsebis saSua- turizmis sferoSi dasaqmebuli kadrebi gamomuSavebul
lebebis mSenebloba, satransporto momsaxurebis xelfass kvlav aWaris regionSi xarjaven.
srulyofa, sanitarul-higienuri pirobebis gaumjobese- aWaris regionis bunebriv-rekreaciuli potenciali
ba, turistebis usafrTxoebis donis zrda, turizmis jer kidev ar aris maqsimalurad aTvisebuli. 1990-ian
diversifikacia da a. S. turizms SeuZlia baTumis swra- wlebamde Cvens qveyanaSi Camosuli turistebis udidesi
fi ganviTareba, cxovrebis donis amaRleba. am sferoSi nawili aWaris regionze modioda. am regionSi turiz-
arsebuli potencialis auTviseblobis da turizmis re- mis maregulirebeli normatiuli aqtebis ganaxlebam,
gulirebis sferoSi arsebul naklovanebaTa gamo, baTu- sainvesticio politikis cvlilebam, turizmsa da mas-
mi milionobiT lars kargavs. Tan dakavSirebul dargebSi Semavali obieqtebis priva-
tizaciam dadebiTad imoqmeda turistuli seqtoris re-
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis turistuli abilitaciaze. miuxedavad amisa, am procesebSi adgili
potencialis ganviTarebis dinamika hqonda gadaxrebs, garRvevebs, ris gamoc aWaris turis-
tul-rekreaciuli resursebis mxolod mcire nawilia
turizmi warmoadgens aWaris regionis ekonomikuri gamoyenebuli. aWaris regionSi araa ganviTarebuli tu-
ganviTarebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan da prioritetul ristuli industria, dabalia turistuli servisis do-
mimarTulebas. igi gansakuTrebul datvirTvas iZens sane, dasaxvewia turizmis menejmenti, arasakmarisia am
bazro urTierTobebze gadasvlis pirobebSi. misi dax- seqtorSi dabandebuli investiciebis moculoba da a.
marebiT swrafad viTardeba socialuri infrastruqtu- S. am problemebis aRmofxvris mizniT saWiroa Seiqmnas
805 806
aWaris turizmis regionuli ganviTarebis grZelvadiani bis gacemis liberaluri politika, unda moaxdinos ko-
programa, sadac gaTvaliswinebuli iqneba regionis tu- munaluri momsaxurebis fasebis subsidireba.
ristul-rekreaciuli resursebis gamoyenebis SesaZleb- cxrili XV. 1.
lobebi da turistuli kompleqsis ganviTarebis per- aWaris regionSi sastumroebisa da restornebis mu-
speqtivebi. es unda iyos droSi gawerili programa, da- Saobis dinamika
finansebis wyaroebis gaTvaliswinebiT. gansakuTrebuli
yuradReba unda mieqces baTumis sazRvao plaJisa da 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
beSumis samTo kurortis reabilitacias.
aWaris regionSi turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis brunva, mln lari 81.3 126.7 179.0 192.8 224.6 280.0 383.9
mTavar amocanas unda warmoadgendes dargis aRmavlo- produqcia, mln
88.3 134.6 177.4 193.5 225.7 271.5 365.6
bis xelSemSleli faqtorebis gamovlena da aRmofxvra, lari
xolo mizans ki unda warmoadgendes regionis savalu- dam. Rirebul,
38.4 56.7 74.8 84.1 93.7 114.3 149.9
to Semosavlebis, dasaqmebis zrda da socialur-ekono- mln lari
mikuri pirobebis gaumjobeseba. am miznis miRweva SesaZ- Sualed. moxm.
lebelia turistuli bazrebis marketinguli kvleviT, 49.9 77.9 102.6 109.4 132.0 157.2 215.7
mln lari
efeqturi reklamis gavrcelebiT, turistTa usafrTxo-
aqtivebi, mln la-
ebis amaRlebiT, am sferoSi dasaqmebuli personalis 232.7 309.6 222.9 186.0 379.0 591.3 646.8
ri
kvalifikaciis amaRlebiT, maTi momzadeba-gadamzadebis
dasaqmebulTa
kursebis SeqmniT, turistuli industriis simZlavree- 7920 11437 11993 11554 11184 13540 16106
ricxvi, kaci
bisa da infrastruqturis ganviTarebiT, mravalferova-
ni tur-produqciis SeqmniT da sazRvargareT gataniT. xelfasi lari 155.5 153.1 196.7 238.5 333.7 364.9 377.9
aWaris regionSi turizmis ganviTarebis mxardasaWe- wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel;
rad saWiroa am seqtorSi mcire biznesis xelSewyoba. aWaris regionSi turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis
mxolod am gziT aris SesaZlebeli aWaris maRalmTiani strategia unda daefuZnos aRmoCeniT, saTavgadasavlo,
depresiuli raionebis reabilitacia da gamococxleba, sakonferencio, samkurnalo da gamajansaRebel tu-
urbanizaciis SeCereba. xeli unda Seewyos aWaris ma- rizms. aWaris regionSi didi perspeqtiva gaaCnia agro-,
RalmTian raionebSi 10=20 adgiliani minisastumroebis eko, Rvinis, samTo-saTxilamuro, samonadireo turizmis
mSeneblobas, maTi Semosavlebis gamoTanabrebas. regio- da sazRvao kruizebis ganviTarebas, radganac baTumis
nis mmarTvelobam xeli unda Seuwyos turistuli kom- porti gawevrianda xmelTaSua zRvis qveynebis asocia-
pleqsebis mSeneblobas, dauWiros mxari am sferoSi ciaSi_ ~medkruizi”, rac mniSvnelovnad gazrdis regi-
grantebis mozidvas da proeqtebis dafinansebas. regio- onSi Semosul sakruizo xomaldTa raodenobas. tradi-
nis mmarTvelobam wilobrivi monawileoba unda miiRos ciuli turistuli segmenti (zRvaze dasveneba) xels
turizmis ganviTarebaSi. man unda gaataros licenzie- uwyobs bazris swor segmentacias. turistuli bazris
axali segmenti gansakuTrebiT mimzidveli unda iyos
807 808
ucxoeli turistebisaTvis. aWaris regionSi turizmis gionSi saWiroa kidev ufro gamartivdes turistebis
ganviTarebisaTvis, Cveni azriT, saWiroa turistuli mogzaurobis sabaJo procedura da savizo reJimi. ucx-
servisis amaRleba, TanamSromlobis gaRrmaveba samTav- ouri turistuli saagentoebi dainteresebulni arian
robo, arasamTavrobo da kerZo seqtorTa Soris, sat- aWaraSi turistebis gamogzavniT.
ransporto infrastruqturisa da regionis ekologiu- rogorc cx. XV. 1- da diagrama XV. 1.-dan Cans, aWa-
ri mdgomareobis gaumjobeseba, kurortebis komunalu- ris avtonomiur respublikaSi sastumroebisa da res-
ri infrastruqturis reabilitacia. tornebis brunvisa da produqciis gamoSvebis dinamika
aWaris regionSi Camosul turistebs, sazRvao tu- zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeba. 2010 wels, 2004 welTan
rizmis garda, unda hqondeT samTo-, agro-, eko- da sxva SedarebiT maTi brunvis moculoba TiTqmis 4,8-jer gai-
turebs Soris arCevanis gakeTebis SesaZlebloba. sxva- zarda da Seadgina 383,9 mln lari, xolo drois amave
dasxva saxis musikaluri, Teatraluri, kinofestivale- intervalSi maT mier gamoSvebuli produqciis mocu-
bis, msoflio konferenciebis organizebiT, saerTaSo- loba ki 4,2-jer gaizarda da Seadgina 365,6 mln lari.
riso turistul gamofena-bazrobebSi monawileobiT Se- gansakuTrebuli zrda SeiniSneboda am ori maCveneblis
saZlebelia miRweuli iqnes aWaris regionis saerTaSo- mixedviT, 2009 wlidan, rodesac am welTan SedarebiT
riso doneze reklamireba, rac gamoiwvevs regionisadmi 2010 wels brunvisa da produqciis gamoSvebis mixedviT
ucxoel turistTa dainteresebisa da Sesabamisad maTi zrdam Seadgina 35% da 30%.
vizitebis raodenibis zrdas. amrigad aWaris regionis diagrama XV. 1.
daCqarebuli ganviTarebisaTvis saWiro aris ganxorci-
eldes bunebrivi, materialuri, SromiTi resursebis
maqsimaluri da racionaluri gamoyenebis organizaci-
ul-ekonomikuri RonisZiebebi. amisaTvis unda dazus-
tdes regionis turistul-rekreaciuli resursebi, gani-
sazRvros turistuli prioritetebi, maTi dafinansebis
wyaroebi da Seiqmnas saTanado materialur-teqnikuri
baza. yovelive es mogvcems aWaris turistuli seqto-
ris reabilitaciis da axali turistuli simZlavreebis
mSeneblobis saSualebas. 1 aWaris avtonomiur respub-
likaSi adgilobrivma turistulma kompaniebma aqtiuri
monawileoba unda miiRon saerTaSoriso turistul
konferenciebze, kongresebsa da Sexvedrebze. Cvens re-
1 miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. aWaris ekonomikuri ganviTarebis

prioritetebis SemuSavebis sakiTxisaTvis. aWaris socialur-
ekonomikuri problemebi:. gamomcemloba `SoTa rusTavelis wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel;
saxelmwifo universiteti”. baTumi, 2008, gv: _ 128.
809 810
sastumroebisa da restornebis muSaobaSi Sesabami- rogorc cxr. XV.1 da diagrama XV.2.-dan Cans, aWaris
si zrdis tendenciebi SeiniSneboda damatebiTi avtonomiuri respublikis sastumroebsa da restorneb-
Rirebulebis Seqmnis TvalsazrisiTac. kerZod, 2004 Si dasaqmebul muSakTa odenobas ZiriTadad zrdis ten-
welTan SedarebiT 2010 wels es maCvenebeli 4,5-jer gai- dencia axasiaTebs. Tumca iyo klebis tendenciac. ker-
zarda da Seadgina 149,9 mln lari. am SemTxvevaSic gan- Zod, 2007 wels, 2006 welTan SedarebiT, maTi odenoba
sakuTrebuli zrda aRiniSneba 2009 _ 2010 wlebSi. am pe- 438 kaciT (4%-iT) Semcirda, xolo 2008 wels ki es maC-
riodSi zrdis tempma Seadgina 30%. venebeli kvlav 370 kaciT (3,5%-iT) Semcirda 2009 wli-
2004-2010 wlebSi agreTve zrdis tendenciiT xasiaT- dan, wina wlebTan SedarebiT, klebis tendencia zrdiT
deboda aWaris regionSi sastumroebisa da restornebis Seicvala. kerZod, adgili hqonda wina welTan Sedare-
mier Sualeduri moxmarebis odenoba. am SemTxvevaSi biT 33%-ian zrdas da am maCvenebelma Seadgina 13,54
2004 welTan SedarebiT 2010 wels Sualeduri moxmare- aTasi kaci. 2010 wels aWaris sastumroebsa da restor-
bis zrda moxda 4,3-jer. kerZod, aRniSnul periodSi nebSi dasaqmebul adamianTa raodenobam, wina welTan
yvelaze did (52%-ian) zrdas hqonda adgili 2004 wli- SedarebiT, ganicada 15%-iani zrda da am maCvenebelma
dan 2005 wlamde, xolo 2009-2010 wlebSi ki adgili Seadgina 15,1 aTasi adamiani. mTlianobaSi 2004 welTan
hqonda 37%-ian zrdas. SedarebiT 2010 wels igi 2,1-jer gaizarda.
2004-2010 wlebSi agreTve zrdis tendenciiT xasiaT- diagrama XV. 2.
deboda aWaris regionis sastumroebsa da restornebSi
dabandebuli aqtivebis moculobac. 2004 welTan Seda-
rebiT 2010 wels moxda am maCveneblis 2,8-jer zrda,
magram 2006 wels 2005 welTan SedarebiT es maCvenebeli
27 %-iT Semcirda. 2007 wels klebis tendencia kvlav
gagrZelda da wina welTan SedarebiT igi kidev 15%-iT
Semcirda. 2008 wels aWaris restornebsa da sastumro-
ebSi dabandebuli aqtivebis moculoba, wina welTan Se-
darebiT, gaormagda da Seadgina 379 mln lari, xolo
2009 wels ki, wina welTan SedarebiT, es maCvenebeli
48%-iT gaizarda da man Seadgina 591,3 mln lari. 2010
wels, wina welTan SedarebiT adgili hqonda am maCve-
neblis mxolod 10%-ian zrdas. 2011 wels aWaris regi-
onSi sul investirebuli iqna 110 mln dolaris (182 wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel;
mln laris) ucxouri investicia, maT Soris turizmis rogorc cxrili XV.1-dan Cans, paralelur reJimSi
sferoSi dabandebuli iqna am wlis ucxouri investici- (Tumca neli tempiT) izrdeboda aWaris avtonomiuri
ebis 60%, anu 65 mln dolaris (109,2 mln laris) odeno- respublikis sastumroebsa da restornebSi dasaqmebul
biT aqtivi. muSakTa xelfasic. Tumca es maCvenebeli dasaqmebul
811 812
muSakTa raodenobisagan gansxvavebiT stabilurad ristTa ganTavsebis obieqtebis momsaxurebis Sesaxeb.
zrdis tendenciiT gamoirCeoda. 2004-2010 wlebSi yvela- ucxoelma turistebma 2008 wels sastumroebi datvir-
ze maRali zrdis tempi dafiqsirda 2008 wels, roca Tes 267000 kacdRiT, 1 ucxoeli turisti aWaris sastum-
win welTan SedarebiT adgili hqonda aWaris sastumro- roebSi rCeboda 3-4 dRes. 2009 wels ucxoeli turiste-
ebsa da restornebSi dasaqmebul muSakTa Sromis biT aWaris regionis sastumroebi datvirTuli iqna
anazRaurebis 45%-ian zrdas. am maCvenebelma Seadgina 1,218 mln (anu wina welTan SedarebiT 1,9-jer meti) kac-
364,9 lari. 2010 wels 2004 welTan SedarebiT moxda tu- dRiT. 2011 wels aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teri-
ristuli personalis xelfasis 2,4-jer zrda. toriaze ganlagebul turistTa ganTavsebis obieqtebSi
cxrili XV. 2. sul isvenebda 1,319 mln kaci, romelTa 35% iyo ucxoe-
aWaris avtonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze ganlage- li turisti. ucxoeli turistebis raodenoba wina
buli turistTa ganTavsebis obieqtebis wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT gaizarda
mier gaweuli momsaxureba (aTasi kaci) 50%-iT da Seadgina 481 aTasi vizitori. maT mier aWaris
regionSi turistebis ganTavsebis saSualebaTa datvir-
2009 w. ianvar-de-
Tvam Seadgina 1,199 mln kacdRe, anu wina welTan Seda-
2011 w. ianvari-de-
deba 2009 welTan
deba 2008 welTan

deba 2010 welTan
2008 w. ianvar-de-
2011 w-s % Sefar
2011 w-s % Sefar
2011 w-s % Sefar

2010 w. ianvar-
rebiT 1,5%-iT naklebi.

dekemberi
aWaris regionSi ucxoel vizitorTa Camosvlis anali-

kemberi
kemberi
kemberi
zi 2006-2011 wlebis mixedviT
aTasi kaci cxrili XV. 3.
wlebi სულ Sida sul ucxoeli
2006 250,000 182,523 67,477
2 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 2007 352,085 239,786 112,299
Sida turisti 839 662 126 392 214 209 402 2008 285,000 208,782 76,218
ucxoeli turis- 2009 554,150 392,091 162,059
481 312 154 162 297 76 631
ti 2010 974,563 662,288 312,275
sul (kaci) 1319 974 135 554 238 285 463 2011 1,319,513 838,661 480,852
Sida turisti
1881 2545 74 1566 120 1157 162 wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel;
(kacdRe)
rogorc cxr. XV.3-dan Cans, 2005-2011 wlebSi izrde-
ucxoeli turis-
ba aWaraSi rogorc zogadad Semosuli turistebis, ise
ti 1199 1218 98 649 185 267 448
(kacdRe)
ucxoeTidan Camosuli turistebis ricxvic. kerZod,
sul (kacdRe) 3080 3764 2216 1425
2006 wels aWaris regionSi dasasveneblad Tu Semovida
82 139 216
sul 250 aTasi turisti, romelTa 27% (anu 67,477 aTasi)
wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel;
iyo ucxoeli turisti, 2007 wels es maCvenebeli gai-
cxril XV. 2-Si mocemulia informacia aWaris av-
zarda 41%-iT da man Seadgina 352 aTasi turisti. ker-
tonomiuri respublikis teritoriaze ganlagebuli, tu-
813 814
Zod, 2007 wels ucxoel vizitorTa ricxvi wina welTan biT gamoirCeva baTumis, qobuleTisa da xelvaCauris
SedarebiT gaizarda 68%-iT da Seadgina 112,3 aTasi ka- raionebi.
ci, ramac am wlis regionis damsvenebelTa 32% Seadgi- cxrili XV. 4.
na. aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi 2011 wels Semosul
2008 wels aWaris regionSi dasasveneblad sul Se- ucxoel turistTa raodenoba raionebis mixedviT
movida, wina welTan SedarebiT 19 %-iT (anu 67 aTasiT) aTasi kaci
naklebi turisti _ sul raRac 285 aTasi vizitori,
agvisto
noember
seqtemb.
oqtomb.
ianvari
aprili
Teberv.
rac ganpirobebuli iyo am wlis msoflio safinanso
ivlisi
dekemb.
ivnisi
marti
maisi
sul
2011
krizisisa da agvistoSi ruseT-saqarTvelos Soris # raionebi
xuTdRian saomar moqmedebaTa Sedegad. maT Soris, wina
welTan SedarebiT, kidev ufro metad (33%-iT) Semcirda
2008 wels aWaraSi Semosuli ucxoeli turistebis rao-
10,6
10,8
27,3
55,5
51,9
19,7
25,4
21,3
53,4
298
841
4,3
8,5
1 baTumi
denoba, ramac Seadgina am wels aWaris saerTo turis-
tebis 23%.
2009 wels aWaris avtonomiur respublikaSi Semosu-
48,5
57,1
0,08
0,07
118
323
0,2
0,1
0,2
0,4
4,7
5,9
0,1
2 qobuleTi
li turistebis saerTo raodenoba, wina wlis analogi-
ur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT, 1,95-jer gaizarda da man
Seadgina 554,15 aTasi vizitori. maT Soris ucxoeli tu-
0,09
0,23
0,22
26,4
29,5
65,3
149
0,2
2,3
5,0
0,4
0,2
0,8
3 xelvaCauri
ristebis raodenoba, wina wlis analogiur maCvenebel-
Tan SedarebiT gaizarda 2,13-jer da Seadgina aWaris
0, 4
0, 4
0,5
0,9
0,5
1,8
regionSi am wels Camosul turistTa saerTo raodeno- 4 Suaxevi
9
bis 30% (sul 162 aTasi ucxoeli vizitori). 2010 wels
ki aWaris regionSi sul Semovida, wina welTan Sedare-
0,6
2,0
1,0
4,8
5 xulo
0,
0,
0,
3
3
6
3
biT 80%-iT meti (974,56 aTasi) turisti, romelTa Soris
sul
1
0
4
8
9
1
,5
1
3
9
1
4
3
1
,4
0
3
3
,8
0
2
5
5
2
6
.6
1
5
,9
4
4
,6
1
8
4
3
0
1
9
312,3 aTasi (anu am wels aWaraSi dasasveneblad Camosu- 6
,
,
,
,
li turistebis saerTo raodenobis 32%) ucxoeli tu- wyaro: www.vizitbatumi.travel.
ristia. wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT baTumSi turistebis gaaqtiurebis sezoni iwyeba ma-
igi 94%-iT gaizarda. isidan (27,3 aTasamde), Semdeg aqtiur fazaSi Sedis
saintereso suraTs iZleva aWaris avtonomiur res- sazRvao turistul sezonze _ ivnis-ivlisSi (Sesabami-
publikaSi 2011 wels, raionebis mixedviT, Semosul ucx- sad 55,5 da 51,9 aTasi turistiT, agvisto-seqtember-oq-
oel turistTa raodenobis Sesaxeb cxr. XIV. 4-s anali- tomberSi SeimCneva baTumSi Semosuli turistebis kle-
zi. aWaris xuT raions: baTums, qobuleTs, xelvaCaurs, bis tendencia (Sesabamisad 19,7, 25,4 da 21,3 aTas turis-
Suaxevsa da xulos Soris yvelaze ufro meti aqtiuro- tamde), xolo noembridan iwyeba turistebis Semosvlis
zrdis tendencia sazRvao sezonis pikur donemde (53,4
815 816
aTas turistamde). saintereso suraTs iZleva baTumSi sazrisiT, gaaqtiureba emCneva mxolod sam TveSi: ivnis-
turistebis Semosvlis gasaocrad maRali tempebiT (no- ivlissa (anu sazRvao sakurorto sezonSi) da dekem-
embris Tvis analogiur maCvenebelTan SedarebiT 5,5- bris TveSi (e. i. ZiriTadad winasaaxalwlo dResaswau-
jer) zrdis tendencia, rac, Cveni azriT, ganpirobebu- lebze daswrebis mizniT). 2011 wels am TveebSi xelvaCa-
li unda iyos baTumis sxvadasxva RirsSesaniSnav ad- urSi dasasveneblad Camovida Sesabamisad 26400, 29500
gilze (piacas moedanze, bulvarSi da a.S.) winasaaxal- da 65300 turisti. mTlianobaSi unda iTqvas, rom 2011
wlo koncertis CatarebiT. mTlianobaSi 2011 wels ba- wels xelvaCauris raionSi dasasveneblad sul Camovi-
Tums sul ewvia 841 000 vizitori. da 149 aTasi turisti. rac Seexeba xulosa da Suaxevis
sezonuri gaaqtiurebis mixedviT, baTums Zalian wa- raionebs, aq turistebis dasvenebis periodi iwyeba zam-
agavs qobuleTic, radganac orive maTgans erTnairi bu- Tris sezonSi (noembersa da dekemberSi. Suaxevis rai-
nebriv-klimaturi pirobebi aqvs. qobuleTSi sazRvao onSi am or TveSi isvenebda Sesabamisad 400-400 turis-
sezonuri gaaqtiureba iwyeba, baTumTan SedarebiT, erti, xolo xulos raionSi ki Sesabamisad 300 da 600 tu-
Ti TviT gvian _ ivnisidan. am TveSi qobuleTSi sul Ca- risti. garda amisa Suaxevis raions gaaCnia sazafxulo
movida 48,5 aTas turisti. 20%-ani zrdis tendencia Se- dasvenebis daniSnulebac. kerZod, zafxulis sami Tvis
narCunda ivlisis TveSic. am qalaqSi Camosuli turis- _ ivnisi-ivlisisa da agvistos ganmavlobaSi aq dasasve-
tebis raodenobam miaRwiaa sazRvao sezonur piks (57,1 neblad Camovida Sesabamisad 500, 900 da 500 turisti.
aTas turists). Semdgomi oTxi Tvis (agvisto-seqtembe- xuloSi turistuli sezonis gaaqtiureba igrZnoba Te-
ri-oqtomberi-noembris) periodSi qobuleTSi sul Camo- bervalSic. am TveSi xulos raions estumra daaxloe-
vida Sesabamisad 5900, 100, 80, da 70 turisti. sakvirve- biT 300 turisti. garda amisa, xulos raioni aris sa-
lia 2011 wlis dekemberSi qobuleTSi 118 aTasi turis- zafxulo kurortic (ZiriTadad kurort beSumis xar-
tis Camosvla, radganac zamTris sezonSi turistebis jze). zafxulis sami Tvis _ ivnisi-ivlisisa da agvis-
Camosvlis gaaqtiureba, rogorc wesi, axasiaTebT zam- tos ganmavlobaSi am sazafxulo sakurorto zonas da-
Tris kurortebs. qobuleTs ki sazafxulo-sazRvao ku- sasveneblad estumra Sesabamisad 630, 2000 da 1000 tu-
rortis daniSnuleba aqvs. mTlianobaSi, unda iTqvas, risti. Suaxevisa da xulos raionebSi 2011 wels dasas-
rom 2011 wels qobuleTSi dasasveneblad sul Camovida veneblad sul Camovida Sesabamisad 1890 da 4830 turis-
323 aTasi turisti. ti.
SedarebiT turistul aqtivobas iCens xelvaCauris
raionic. misi turistuli sezonuroba emTxveva baTumi- reziume:
sa da qobuleTis turistuli sezonebis aRmavlobisa
da vardnis periodebs (Tveebis mixedviT), oRond turis- amrigad, 2010 wels, saqarTveloSi Semosuli turis-
tuli aRmavlobis (pikis) periodSi am raionSi turistebis raodenobam Seadgina 2,03 mln turisti. am wels
tuli aqtivobis zrdis tendencia bevrad ufro Senele- saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan Camosuli turistebis mier
bulia, vidre baTumsa da qobuleTSi. kerZod, 12 Tvis Cvens qveyanaSi dasvenebisas daxarjulma Tanxam Seadgi-
ganmavlobaSi, xelvaCauris raions, turistuli Tval- na 2000 mln lari, maTze momsaxure obieqtebis mier ga-
817 818
daxdilma sabiujeto Tanxam Seadgina 517 mln lari, mizniT Camosuli turistebi xarjaven qveyanaSi. Tumca
turistuli produqciis eqsportidan miRebulma Semosa- jamuri TvalsazrisiT, dasvenebis mizniT Camosuli tu-
valma Seadgina 2100 mln lari, uSualod turizmis sfe- ristebi Warboben da qveynisaTvisac am tipis turistebs
roSi dasaqmebuli iyo 73 aTasi kaci, xolo mis monaTe- moaqvT ufro meti Semosavali. saqarTveloSi yvelaze
save dargebSi ki dasaqmebulia 220 aTasi kaci. 2011 met Tanxas xarjaven ganviTarebuli qveynebidan Camosu-
wels saqarTveloSi ucxoeTidan sul Semovida 2,8 mln li turistebi, romlebic ZiriTadad Camodian dasavleT
turisti (wina wlis analogiur maCvenebelTan Sedare- evropidan, CrdiloeT amerikidan da aRmosavleT azii-
biT 40%-iT meti), romelTac sul daxarjes 2,5 mlrd dan.
lari. Sesabamisad imata am seqtorSi dasaqmebul muSak- gasvliTi turizmis maCveneblebi gaiangariSeba
Ta raodenobam da turistuli kompaniebis mier gadax- mgzavrobaze saSualo danaxarjebis safuZvelze. dana-
dilma sabiujeto Tanxebma. navaraudebia, rom 2013 wels xarjebis saerTo raodenoba SeiZleba miviRoT, Tu ga-
saqarTveloSi Camova 3 mln turisti, xolo 2015 wli- vamravlebT sazRvargareT turistebis gasvlis raode-
saTvis ki maTi raodenoba gaizrdeba 5 mln-mde. es sta- nobas qveynis Sesabamisi jgufisaTvis erT mgzavrobaze
tistika migvaniSnebs imaze, rom turizmis sferoSi gan- saSualo danaxarjebis sidideze. turistuli gasvlebis
xorcielebuli saxelmwifos Zalisxmeva sakmaod efeq- raodenoba, romelic aseve iSviaTad registrirdeba
tinia. statistikur angariSgebebSi, warmoadgens saerTaSori-
saqarTveloSi turistuli politikis gansazRvrisa so turizmze saerTo danaxarjebis fardobas mgzavro-
da realizaciis ZiriTad maregulirebel saxelmwifo baze saSualo danaxarjebis sididesTan qveynebis moce-
organos warmoadgens turizmis erovnuli saagento, muli jgufisaTvis. bevri qveynis erovnuli turistuli
romelic daarsda saqarTvelos turizmis da kurorte- administracia saerTod ar aRricxavs gasvliT tu-
bis departamentis bazaze. swored erovnuli saagento rizms da araviTari informacia am sakiTxze ar gaaCnia.
axdens Cvens qveyanaSi Camosuli da gasuli turistebis am SemTxvevaSi saerTaSoriso turizmze danaxarjebis
raodenobis, vizitis xangrZlivobis, gaweuli danaxar- sidides angariSoben qveynis mosaxleobis ricxovnobis
jebis Sesaxeb monacemebis Segrovebas da analizs. ami- gamravlebiT erT sulze sazRvargareT mgzavrobaze sa-
tom Zalze mniSvnelovania Semosuli da gasuli turis- Sualo danaxarjebze. Semdeg ukve specialuri formu-
tebis raodenobis, vizitis xangrZlivobisa da gaweuli lis meSveobiT iangariSeba gasvlebis raodenoba. etape-
danaxarjebis dinamikis Sesaxeb am organizaciis mier bad Sefasebis meTodika exmareba turizmis msoflio
gakeTebuli analizi. saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli organizacias miiRos informacia gasvliTi turizmis
saagentos informaciiT, 1990-ani wlebis Semdeg 2011 Sesaxeb da Semdeg Sekribos igi msoflio masStabiT.
wels saqarTveloSi turistebis rekorduli raodenoba saqarTveloSi turistebi ZiriTadad Camodian pro-
Camovida. turistebisaTvis yvelaze mimzidvelia aWaris fesiuli saqmianobis, dasveneba-rekreaciis, naTesavebis
zRvis kurorti da svaneTi. monaxulebisa da sxva saqmianobis mizniT. saqarTvelo-
saqarTveloSi yvelaze momgebiani aris saqmiani tu- Si Camosuli turistebis winaSe warmoqmnil proble-
rizmi. saSualod yvelaze did Tanxas swored saqmiani mebs Soris unda aRiniSnos Semdegi: rigebi aeroportSi
819 820
registraciisas, CanTis dakargva, saqarTvelos vizis - geoturizmi;
moTxovna, azerbaijanisa da foTis sazRvrebze gadmos- - axali turistuli ~samyaro”;
vlis garTuleba, sabaJoze saCuqrebis (tansacmlis) ga- - pirveladi da meoradi turistuli bazrebi.
mo warmoqmnili problemebi, saxelis gamo Seqmnili
problemebi, sazRvris Caketva ramdenime saaTiT, sazR- testebi:
varze diplomatiuri pasportis gamo warmoqmnili
problemebi, sabaJoze adamianuri resursebis nakleboba 1. 2010 wels, saqarTveloSi Semosuli turistebis
da sxvis saxelze manqanis gaformeba. raodenoba, wina welTan SedarebiT, gaizarda:
saqarTvelos turistuli bazris kvleva aucilebe- a) 3,6%-iT; b) 46%-iT;
li pirobaa am sferoSi mimdinare tendenciebis gamokve- g) 36%-iT; d) 26%-iT;
Tisa da turoperatorebisaTvis swori rekomendaciebis
misacemad. samwuxarod mwiri statistikuri monacemebi 2. 2011 wels saqarTveloSi yvelaze meti (645 259)
da saxelmwifo struqturebis mier sazogadod miRebu- turisti Camovida:
li marketinguli kvlevis Catarebis praqtika Cvens qve- a) TurqeTidan; b) azerbaijanidan;
yanaSi jer kidev ver damkvidrda. saqarTveloSi momu- g) somxeTidan; d) ruseTidan.
Save turoperatorebis mier gaweuli turistuli momsa-
xurebis analizma aCvena, rom ucxoeli turistebis mo- 3. saqarTveloSi Camosul turistebs Soris
zidvis mizniT qarTveli tur-operatorebis mier gamoi- yvelaze met fuls xarjaven
yeneba reklamis 6 sxvadasxva saxeoba. niSandoblivia, a) kulturuli motiviT Camosuli turistebi
rom maTi umravlesoba turistuli produqtis promou- b) saTavgadasavlod Camosuli turistebi;
Senisa da axali momxmareblebis dainteresebis mizniT g) SemecnebiTi motiviT Camosuli turistebi;
iyeneben sakuTar veb-gverdebs, e.i. isini cdiloben tu- d) saqmiani mizniT Camosuli turistebi.
ristuli produqciis gasaRebas internetis saSuale-
biT. 4. 2004-2010 wlebSi aWaris regionSi sastumroebisa da
restornebis Sualeduri moxmarebis odenoba:
ZiriTadi terminologia: a) ar Secvlila;
b) zrdis tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda;
- saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento; g) arc erTi pasuxi ar aris swori;
- miznobrivi bazrebi; d) klebis tendenciiT xasiaTdeboda.
- turistuli bazrebis diversifikacia;
- turistuli produqciis paketi;
- SemecnebiTi da kulturuli turebi;
- ekoturizmi, Rvinis turizmi, saqmiani-turizmi;
- eTnografiuli, kulinariuli da eko-turizmi;
821 822
Tavi 16. gebuli adgilebi, ise ufro naklebad organizebuli
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos adgilebic _ svaneTi, TuSeTi, xevsureTi da a. S.
Tanamedrove etapze gansakuTrebiT didi raodeno-
integrirebis problemebi da
biT Semodis turistebi TurqeTidan, rasac ganapiro-
perspeqtivebi bebs is garemoeba, rom TurqeTi saqarTvelos mosazR-
vre qveyanaa. am ori qveynis teritoriuli siaxlovisa
amrigad, rogorc wina Tavebis analizidan Cans, XXI
da 3-Tviani vadiT uvizo reJimiT mogzaurobis uflebis
saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi saqarTvelos ekonomikaSi,
mopovebis Sedegad, sxva qveynebTan SedarebiT, mkveTrad
iseve rogorc mTel msoflioSi, turizmi ganekuTvneba
Semcirda saqarTveloSi Turqi turistebis Camosvlis
erT-erT prioritetul, swrafad ganviTarebad dargs,
xarjebi, gaaqtiurda am or qveyanas Soris damyarebuli
romelsac Tan axlavs rogorc politikuri, ise ekono-
saqmiani (savaWro SromiTi da sxva saxis) urTierTobis
mikuri procesebi. saerTaSoriso turizmSi Cveni qveynis
masStabi. Tanamedrove etapze saqarTveloSi turizmis
aqtiuri CarTva Zalze perspeqtiulia krizisSi myofi
ganviTarebis erT-erT mniSvnelovan tendencias warmo-
ekonomikis kompleqsuri aRmavlobisaTvis, radganac tu-
adgens saqarTvelos mTiani regionebis _ bakurianis da
rizms gaaCnia multiplikaciuri efeqti ekonomikis
gudauris mier didi raodenobiT turistis mozidva. es
sxva, turizmTan korelaciaSi myofi, dargebis ganviTa-
samTo kurortebi dasasveneblad Rebuloben, rogorc
rebis xelSewyobis TvalsazrisiT.
saqarTvelos moqalaqeebs (Sida turizmi), ise sazRvar-
gareTidan Semosul ucxoel vizitorebs (gare turiz-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis mi).
tendenciebi saqarTveloSi turistuli industriis ganviTarebis tendenciebi
saqarTveloSi. iseve rogorc sazRvargareTis nebismier
rogorc XIV da XV Tavebis analizidan Cans, Tana- qveyanaSi, saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis
medrove etapze saqarTveloSi ZiriTadad kulturuli aucilebelia turistuli industriis mSenebloba, axa-
da saTavgadasavlo turizmis moyvaruli, ucxouri tuli turistuli obieqtebis ageba da sakurorto infras-
ristebi Camodian. ucxoelTa interesi ZiriTdad baku- truqturis modernizacia saerTaSoriso standartebis
rianis, gudaurisa da aWaris regioniskenaa mimarTuli. Sesabamisad. zogierTi turistuli kompleqsi samwuxa-
bakurianSi baltiispireTis qveynebidan Camosuli tu- rod jer kidev ar Seesabameba saerTaSoriso standar-
ristebi Warboben, gudaurSi _ ukrainelebi, rusebi, xo- tebs.
lo aWaraSi ki TurqeTidan da somxeTidan Camosuli XXI saukunis pirvel aTwleulSi gare turizmis
turistebi. rogorc bolo wlebSi gamokveTilma ten- ganviTarebis sferoSi miRebuli (aSS-s, safrangeTis,
denciebma cxadyo, saqarTvelos zRvis kurortebis germaniis, espaneTis, italiis, CineTis, TurqeTis da
gverdiT, aranakleb popularobas iZens mTiani kuror- sxva, turistuli TvalsazrisiT, ganviTarebuli qveyne-
tebis infrastruqturac. am mxriv gansakuTrebiT gamo- bis gamocdilebis analizi iZleva imis mtkicebis saSu-
irCeva rogorc turizmis zamTris saxeobisadmi misada- alebas, rom ucxoeli turistebi ar moisurveben tra-
823 824
diciuli tipis sastumroebSi ganTavsebas. swored es TvalsazrisiT, mxolod im qveynebs aqvT ganviTarebuli
gaxda imis mizezi, rom saqarTveloSi daiwyo sruliad turizmis sferoSi warmatebuli industria, romlebic
gansxvavebuli tipis sastumroebis mSenebloba. bolo mudmivad cdiloben aamaRlon TavianTi turistuli
aTi wlis ganmavlobaSi saqarTveloSi aSenda da eq- firmebis momsaxurebis xarisxi sxva qveynebis moqalaqe-
spluataciaSi Sevida 230-ze meti didi Tu patara zomis ebTaTvis. aqedan gamomdinare, saWiroa saqarTveloSi
sastumro, 18,162 aTasi sawoli-adgilis raodenobiT. dainergos iseTi siaxleebi, rogoricaa: turistuli in-
drois amave intervalSi aseulobiT mln dolaris frastruqturis gaumjobeseba da servisis srulyofa,
odenobis adgilobrivi da ucxouri investicia iqna da- romlis miRwevac SeuZlebelia saerTaSoriso turizmis
bandebuli Cveni qveynis sastumroTa kompleqsSi. mag., ganviTarebis gareSe.
jer kidev 2005 wels aSS-is sainvesticio korporacia saqarTveloSi momsaxurebis dargebs Soris yvelaze
~opikam~ 26 mln dolaris investireba moaxdina sastum- mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs turizmis ganviTarebas,
ro ~Tbilisis meriotis~ da ~qorT-iardis~ mSenebloba- radganac mas Seswevs unari mniSvnelovani savaluto
Si. aRniSnul sastumroebSi investirebis saerTo rao- Semosavlebi moutanos Cvens qveyanas. igi sxvadasxva sa-
denobam 70 mln dolari Seadgina. amerikeli ultrami- xis sayofacxovrebo saqonlis eqsortis tolfasia,
liardeli investori ronald trampi apirebs uaxloes radganac ucxoeli moqalaqeebi uSualod Cvens qveyana-
wlebSi baTumSi aagos 60 mln dolaris Rirebulebis 50 Si yofa-cxovrebis dros moixmareben saqarTveloSi
sarTuliani, xuTvarskvlaviani sastumro. saqarTveloSi warmoebul produqcias da Sesabamisad aRar aris saWi-
gamoiyeneba ganTavsebis saSualebaTa ramdenime gamarti- ro am produqciis sazRvargareT gatanisaTvis damate-
vebuli klasifikacia. statistikis erovnuli samsaxuri biTi xarjebis gaweva. amitom, turizmidan miRebuli Se-
gamokvlevebs awarmoebs ganTavsebis koleqtiuri saSua- mosavali gaaumjobesebs Cveni qveynis sagadasaxado ba-
lebebis ori jgufis: sastumroebis da ganTavsebis spe- lanss, radganac igi Sedis momsaxurebis kreditSi.
cialuri saSualebebis mixedviT. turizmis multiplikatoris dabali done saqarTve-
loSi ganpirobebulia xarisxi/fasis TanafardobaSi im-
saerTaSoriso turizmis multiplikaciuri portul produqciasTan SedarebiT samamulo nawarmis
efeqti saqarTveloSi CamorCeniT, qveynis turistuli infrastruqturisa da
adgilobrivi warmoebis ganuviTareblobiT da a.S. XXI
rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans, saqar- saukunis saqarTveloSi turizmi mdgradi ganviTarebis
Tvelos ekonomikisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs saerTa- ekonomikur dargad unda Camoyalibdes, radganac mas
Soriso turizmSi mis integrirebas, radganac turizmis bevri pozitiuri Sedegis motana SeuZlia Cveni qveyni-
seqtors multiplikaciuri efeqtis moxdena SeuZlia saTvis. kerZod, esenia Semdegi: 1. dasaqmeba (maT Soris
ekonomikis ganviTarebaze. Cveni qveynis turizmis seq- alternatiul dargebsa da regionebSi); 2. siRaribesTan
torSi multiplikaciuri efeqtis gazrdis erT-erTi brZola; 3. saxelmwifos mier, gadasaxadebisa da ucxou-
umTavresi faqtoria adgilobrivi turistuli kompanie- ri valutis saxiT, Semosavlebis miReba; 4. infrastruq-
bis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis amaRleba. am turis ganviTareba; 5. multiplikaciuri efeqti; 6. eko-
825 826
nomikis diversifikacia; 7. adgilobrivi kulturisa da 1. saagentos warmomadgeneli regularulad eswreba
xelovnebis ganviTareba; 8. garemos dacvis xelSewyoba UNWTO-s evropis turizmis komisiis Sexvedrebs, sadac
da 9. saerTaSoriso mSvidobisa da urTierTgagebis Ca- ganixileba evropis regionSi turizmis politikis ga-
moyalibeba. swored amitom, Tavisi socialur- ekonomi- tarebis sakiTxebi;
kuri mniSvnelobis gamo, turizmi miCneulia XXI sauku- 2. saagentos ufleba aqvs iTanamSromlos turizmis
nis fenomenad. msoflio organizaciis biblioTekasTan, sadac Tavmoy-
diversifikaciisa da dargTaSorisi kompleqsis marili aris 2000-ze meti publikacia;
Rali done gansazRvravs turizmis mzard multiplika- 3. saqarTvelo monawileobs ~turizmis statistikis
ciur efeqts, romelic moqmedebs progresiis meTodiT. programis mSeneblobis” proeqtSi, romlis mizania tu-
es imaSi gamoixateba, rom turizmis infrastruqturis rizmis statistikis gaumjobeseba.
ganviTareba iwvevs qveyanaSi turistebis nakadebis, da 2006 wels, turizmis msoflio organizaciis eqsper-
Sesabamisad, turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis zrdas, tebis daxmarebiT, daiwyo muSaoba turizmis ganviTare-
Semosavlebis mateba iwvevs turistuli industriis bis strategiaze. 2007 wels, msoflio turizmis organi-
ganviTarebas da a. S. swored am dargis multiplikaci- zaciis egidiT, TbilisSi gaimarTa turizmis regionu-
uri efeqtidan gamomdinare amtkiceben, rom saqarTve- li komunikaciebis saerTaSoriso konferencia, romel-
loSi turizmis ganviTarebis uaxloesi perspeqtivis Sic monawileoba miiRo mravali qveynis erovnuli tu-
amocanad unda ganisazRvros qveyanaSi 5 mln turistis rizmis administraciam da kerZo kompaniebma. 2008 wlis
miReba, romlisganac miRebulma Semosavalma SeiZleba bolos Cveni qveynis turizmis departamentis warmomad-
miaRwios 4580 mln lars, xolo biujetSi mxolod tu- genlebma monawileoba miiRo q. madridSi UNWTO-s sa-
rizmidan SeiZleba Sevides 1467 mln lari. Tavo ofisSi organizebul SexvedraSi, romelic daeT-
mo sxvadasxva saxelmwifoSi savizo reJimis gamartive-
saerTaSoriso turistul organizaciebTan bis sakiTxebs. Sexvedris mizans agreTve warmoadgenda
saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis problemebi evropis regionSi prioritetuli programebis SemuSave-
ba da realizacia. saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli
turizmis msoflio bazarze saqarTvelos srulfa- saagentos TanamSromlebi monawileoben turizmis
sovnad da droulad integrireba SesaZlebelia mxo- msoflio organizaciis mier organizebul kvalifikaci-
lod turizmis msoflio organizaciasTan aqtiuri Ta- is asamaRlebel kursebSi.
namSromlobis safuZvelze, romlis meSveobiT am orga- 2010 wlis ianvridan turizmis msoflio organiza-
nizaciis farglebSi moqmedi Sesabamisi meqanizmis sa- ciis regionuli proeqtebis farglebSi daiwyo muSaoba
fuZvelze, SesaZlebeli iqneba saqarTvelos turistul samxreT kavkasiis da Savi zRvis auzis regionSi Semava-
bazarze arsebuli globaluri faqtorebis negatiuri li qveynebis turizmis iniciativebze. maT Soris pirve-
zegavlenis Sesusteba. turizmis msoflio organizaci- li maTgani (samxreT kavkasiis farglebSi muSaoba) gu-
asTan aqtiurad TanamSromlobs saqarTvelos turizmis lisxmobs regionis erTian bazarze pozicionirebas, re-
erovnuli saagento Semdegi mimarTulebebiT: gionSi turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis xelSewyobas,
827 828
saxelmwifo da kerZo seqtorebs Soris TanamSromlo- vebs, masmedia unda aSuqebdes am sferoSi mimdinare
bis gaRrmavebas da samxreT kavkasiis regionis turis- movlenebs, raTa regularulad da obieqturad gamoq-
tuli kompaniebis erToblivi proeqtebis Seqmnas, xolo veyndes realobis amsaxveli monacemebi saqarTvelos
meore maTgani (Savi zRvis regionis iniciativa) ki iTva- Sesaxeb dadebiTi imijis dasamkvidreblad. Tu gaviTva-
liswinebs regionSi mdgradi turizmis xelSewyobasa liswinebT im garemoebas, rom Cvens qveyanaSi saqmiani
da erToblivi proeqtebis Seqmnas. igi orientirebuli turizmis ganviTarebas didi saxelmwifo mxardaWera
iqneba sakruizo biznesis ganviTarebaze. aqvs, xelisuflebisaTvis rekomendaciis saxiT SeiZleba
turizmis msoflio organizaciis mier miRebul sa- iTqvas, rom saWiroa am etapze SemuSavdes adeqvaturi
erTaSoriso dokumentebs warmoadgens haagis deklara- gegma, romelSic gaiTvaliswineba Cveni qveynis Tanam-
cia (1989 wlis aprili), turizmis qartia, turizmis ko- Sromloba profesiul da dargobriv asociaciebTan.
deqsi (1985 wlis seqtemberi), romlebic aRiares am or- profesiul gaerTianebebSi Sedis Sexvedrebis orga-
ganizaciis wevrma qveynebma (maT Soris saqarTvelomac nizator profesionalTa saerTaSoriso gaerTianeba da
1994 wlis 27 ianvars). aRniSnuli saerTaSoriso xel- intensiur, saqmian mogzaurobaTa maorganizebeli gaer-
SekrulebiT gansazRvrulia organizaciis wevr saxel- Tianeba. aseve mniSvnelovania Cveni qveynis TanamSrom-
mwifoTa ufleba-movaleobebi turizmis dargisa da po- loba kongresebisa da Sexvedrebis saerTaSoriso aso-
litikis ganviTarebaSi, turistebis usafrTxoebisa da ciaciasTan, kongresebis organizator profesionalTa
diskriminaciis aRmofxvris uzrunvelyofaSi. aRniSnul saerTaSoriso asociaciasTan da saqalaqo konferencie-
xelSekrulebaSi agreTve gansazRvrulia turistebis bis evropul; federaciasTan. saqarTveloSi samwuxa-
qcevis kodeqsi, romelic miznad isaxavs maspinZeli rod jer kidev ar aris srulyofilad SemuSavebuli
qveynis xalxTan megobruli urTierTobis damyarebas. saqmiani turizmis saxelmwifo koncefcia da Sesabamisi
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba davas- samoqmedo gegma, ar mimdinareobs TanamSromlobis gaR-
kvnaT, rom turizmis msoflio organizaciaSi saqarTve- rmaveba saerTaSoriso profesiul gaerTianebebTan da
los monawileoba Zalian did SesaZleblobebs gvTava- asociaciebTan. es ki aucilebeli pirobaa saerTaSori-
zobs turizmis politikis, aRniSnul sferoSi saerTa- so donis Sexvedrebis saqarTveloSi organizebisaTvis.
Soriso da erovnuli proeqtebis efeqtianad SemuSave- globalizaciisaTvis xelgaSlilad daxvedras auci-
bisa da ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT. swori menejmen- leblad mohyveba misi Tanmdevi saqmiani turizmis ganvi-
tis pirobebSi ki miRweuli iqneba turizmidan miRebu- Tarebac, magram igi ver ganviTardeba TavisTavad, qao-
li Semosavlebis, samuSao adgilebis zrda, momijnave surad, mxolod kerZo seqtoris iniciativiT. amisaTvis
dargebisa da mTlianad ekonomikis ganviTareba. saWiroa saxelmwifos mxridan mizanmimarTuli da gaaz-
kongresebisa da konferenciebis evropul federaci- rebuli mxardaWera. turizmis am sferos formirebaSi
asTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebis miz- saxelmwifos SeuZlia pozitiuri rolis Sesruleba.
niT saWiroa Cvens qveyanaSi arsebobdes Sexvedrebis ma- saqarTvelos aqvs saerTaSoriso organizaciebTan
organizebeli dawesebulebebi, bazris Semswavleli or- saqmiani urTierTobis didi gamocdileba. kerZod, tu-
ganizaciebi, romlebic Caatareben marketingul kvle- rizmis dargSi 1998 wels aSS-is vaWrobisa da ganviTa-
829 830
rebis saagentos teqnikuri daxmarebiT, aSS-is sakon- standartebs. sxva SemTxvevaSi es organizaciebi saqar-
sultacio firmis ,,artur konsalting” jgufis mier Semu- TvelosTan ar iTanamSromleben. aqedan gamomdinare,
Savebuli iqna saqarTvloSi turistuli biznesis ganvi- bunebrivia, saqarTvelos prioritetad upirvelesad un-
Tarebis koncefcia. evrokavSiris teqnikuri daxmarebiT, da iqces qveynis teritoriaze konfliqturi kerebis
ganxorcielda ,,TACIS”is proeqti ,,strategiuli rCeve- mospoba da mxolod amis Semdeg unda gakeTdes aqcenti
bi saqarTvelos turizmis ganviTarebisTvis”. 2001 wels saqarTveloSi turistuli bazris ganviTarebaze.
damTavrda ,,TACIS”-is proeqti saqarTveloSi turizmis
grZelvadiani ganviTarebis strategiis platforma”, regionuli turizmis ganviTarebis
romlis mizania SemuSavdes saqarTveloSi turizmis problematika saqarTveloSi
ganviTarebis evropuli koncefcia da gegma.
Tu gadavxedavT saerTaSoriso turistuli organi- Tu gadavxedavT saqarTvelos regionebis dRevandel
zaciebis CamonaTvals, advilad SevamCnevT, rom am or- mdgomareobas advilad davinaxavT Semdegi saxis ten-
ganizaciebTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobis areali denciebs: saqarTvelos calkeul regionebSi infras-
farTo ar aris, rac miuTiTebs saerTaSoriso masSta- truqtura araTanabrad aris ganviTarebuli. magaliTad,
biT Cveni qveynis turistuli potencialis aTvisebis aWaris regioni, am TvalsazrisiT, ufro ukeT aris gan-
dabal doneze. saqarTvelos turistul firmebsa da viTarebuli, vidre guriis an samegrelos regionebi.
organizaciebs, marTalia kavSiri aqvT calkeuli, kon- arada saqarTvelos am kuTxeebsac gaaCnia iseTi Rir-
kretuli qveynebis Sesabamis struqturebTan, magram es sSesaniSnaobebi, romlebic turizmiT dainteresebis se-
urTierTobebi ZiriTadad Semoifargleba mxolod or- riozul obieqtebad SeiZleba gadaiqcnen. samwuxarod
mxrivi kavSirebis damyarebiT, turistuli vizebis ga- saamisod arc resursebia gamoyofili da arc menejmen-
formebiT, satransporto momsaxurebiT, sazRvris piro- tis adeqvaturi formebia SemuSavebuli, rac cudad
bebis uzrunvelyofiT, ganTavsebiTa da eqskursiebiT, moqmedebs saqarTveloSi regionuli turizmis ganviTa-
romelSic Sedis kvebis uzrunvelyofac, magram Tu ga- rebaze.
viTvaliswinebT imas, rom turizmi moicavs sazogadoeb- miuxedavad aRniSnulisa, regionebSi (baTumis gamok-
rivi cxovrebis TiTqmis yvela sferos, maSin davina- lebiT) mainc igrZnoba ganTavsebis saSualebebis sim-
xavT, rom es aris mxolod elementaluri pirobebi, ra- Zlavris nakleboba, radganac turizmis seqtoris ganvi-
sac saqarTveloSi Semosul turistebs sTavazoben ad- TarebisaTvis saWiroa turistul industriaSi gacile-
gilobrivi turistuli operatorebi. biT meti moculobis investiciis dabandeba. miuxedavad
garda amisa, aucilebelia Cvens qveyanaSi politiku- amisa, bolo dros regionebSi Seiqmna kerZo sastumro-
ri stabilurobis miRweva, raTa saqarTvelom praqtiku- Ta kompleqsi, magram maTi masStabebi da xarisxi jer
lad SeZlos am organizaciebTan TanamSromloba. buneb- kidev ver akmayofilebs saerTaSoriso standartebiT
rivia mxolod survili ar kmara am urTierTobaTa da- gaTvaliswinebul moTxovnas, maTi standartebi gaTvli-
samyareblad. usafrTxoebis aucilebel RonisZiebebTan lia mxolod dabalgadaxdisunarian, xarisxis mimarT
erTad, saqarTvelo unda akmayofilebdes garkveul naklebad pretenziul, SedarebiT Raribi qveynebidan Ca-
831 832
mosul an Sida momxmarebelze. am tipis sastumroebi ma- Wiro. Cveni qveynis arcerT regions msgavsi midgoma ar
RalganviTarebuli qveynebidan wamosuli, mdidari, eli- axasiaTebs. ar aris SemuSavebuli qveynis masStabiT tu-
taruli turistebis miRebisaTvis praqtikulad gamou- rizmis menejmentis erTiani sistema.
sadegaria. regionebSi TiTqmis ar arsebobs saerTaSo- regionuli ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebis erT-
riso standartebis mqone turistuli obieqtebi. miT erTi mniSvnelovani xelSemwyobi faqtori aris ekotu-
umetes, es infrastruqtura ar arsebobs istoriul rizmi. saqarTvelos da mis calkeul regions eko-tu-
RirsSesaniSnaobaTa axlos. rizmis ganviTarebis SesaniSnavi perspeqtiva gaaCnia. es
saqarTveloSi turizmis, rogorc calkeul raion- ganpirobebulia mravali faqtoriT, kerZod: bunebrivi
Ta ganviTarebis faqtoris, gamoyeneba xdeba samizne landSaftebis didi nairferovnebiT, klimaturi zone-
kompleqsuri programebis realizaciis farglebSi. bis farTo speqtriT, unikaluri ekosistemebiT bunebi-
praqtikulad, Cveni qveynis yvela mxare, romelsac gaaC- sa da istoriul-kulturuli Zeglebis simravliT, wes-
nia perspeqtiuli turistuli resursebi, amuSavebs CveulebaTa mravalferovnebiT, folkloris unikalu-
aseT programebs. turizmis perspeqtiuli saxeebis gamo- robiTa da, rac mTavaria, aq mcxovreb xalxTa uZvelesi
yofisa da realizaciis mizniT, am programebis far- istoriiT, TviTmyofadi kulturiT, tradiciebiTa da
glebSi, muSavdeba konkretul RonisZiebaTa CamonaTva- stumarTmoyvareobiT. qveyanaSi ekoturizmis ganviTare-
li. saqarTvelos meurneobis teritoriul struqtura- ba SesamCnev gavlenas moaxdens qveynis periferiuli re-
Si SeiZleba moiZebnos bevri iseTi adgili, romlisTvi- gionebis ekonomikaze, moxdeba qveyanaSi SemomsvlelTa
sac turistuli saqmianoba Seasrulebs ganviTarebis nakadebis gaaqtiureba, rac ufro metad qmediTunarians
damatebiT biZgs. gaxdis unikaluri bunebrivi teritoriebisa da istori-
zemoT aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, naTlad Cans, rom ul-kulturuli memkvidreobis dasacavad mimarTul
2008-09 wlebSi turizmis regionuli ganviTarebis ten- saqmianobas, radgan miRebuli Semosavali moxmardeba
denciebi saqarTveloSi arasaxarbielo iyo. drois am garemodacvis RonisZiebebs.1
intervalSi ucxoel turistebSi saqarTvelos mimarT amrigad, rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans,
dakarguli ndobis aRdgenisa da daqveiTebuli imijis Cveni qveynis regionebSi turizmi araTanabrad aris gan-
amaRlebis mizniT saWiroa mTeli rigi marketinguli viTarebvuli. es ki mniSvnelovnad uSlis xels saqar-
samuSaoebis Catareba. regionuli turizmis ganviTare- TveloSi turizmis ganviTrebas. is turistuli poten-
bisaTvis Seqmnilia problemebis jaWvi: araa SemuSavebu- ciali, rac gaaCnia Cvens qveyanas, ar aris sruliad aT-
li turizmis ganviTarebis grZelvadiani strategia da visebuli. mxolod im turistuli paketebis nusxis Sed-
kompleqsuri makroekonomikuri politika, ar aris gena, Tu ra gaaCnia saqarTvelos da risi SeTavazeba
srulyofili turistuli kompaniebis menejmeti, ar SeuZlia turproduqtebis saxiT, araa sakmarisi, Tumca
aris dasaxuli CamorCenil turistul regionebSi tu-
rizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi, ar tardeba region- 1. miqaSaviZe v. miqaSaviZe J. ekoturizmi- qveynisa da regionebis
Ta Soris dabalansebuli turistuli politika. kon- mdgradi ganviTarebis umniSvnelovanesi faqtori. ekonomikisa
kretuli regionisaTvis individvaluri menejmentia sa- da biznesis ganviTarebis tendenciebi Tanamedrove etapze. gam.
ùniversali’. baTumi, 2011, gv.- _ 154-158.
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misi gamoyeneba turizmis ganviTarebis aucilebeli pi- li problemebis gadawyvetSi) mniSvnelovani roli un-
robaa. da Seasrulos. amJamad, saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso
turizmi jer kidev sakmaod dabal donezea ganviTare-
turizmis msoflio bazarze saqarTvelos buli. Tumca Cvens qveyanas, umaRlesi standartebis Se-
turistuli potencialis reklamirebis sabamisad, misi danergvisa da ganviTarebis didi poten-
problemebi ciali gaaCnia.
turizmis dargSi moRvawe saerTaSoriso donis eq-
spertebma SeimuSaves saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTa-
turistuli bazris zrdis mniSvnelovan, xelis Sem-
rebis perspeqtivebi, romlis Tanaxmad qveyanas SeuZlia
Slel faqtors warmoadgens is, rom sazRvargareT ara-
yovelwliurad miiRos xuTi milioni turisti. amisaT-
saTanado doneze xdeba, saqarTvelos turistuli po-
vis saWiroa saqarTveloSi iyos 600-mde Tanamedrove ti-
tencialis reklamireba. saTanado finansebis ararsebo-
pis sastumro 100 aTasi moqmedi nomriT, rac did Semo-
bis gamo, qveynis turizmisa da kurortebis departamen-
tis mier ver xerxdeboda msoflio turistuli bazris savals moutans qveyanas.1
marketinguli kvleva. ar arsebobs sistematizirebuli imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom saqarTvelos gaaCnia
informacia miznobrivi bazrebis, potenciur momxmare- mdidari kulturuli memkvidreoba, qveynis mcire teri-
belTa maxasiaTeblebisa da konkurentebis Sesaxeb. amis toriuli farTobis miuxedavad, saqarTveloSi 120-ze
garda, faqtiurad ar Catarebula srulmasStabiani sa- meti saerTaSoriso turistuli marSrutis ganxorcie-
erTaSoriso sareklamo kampania msoflioSi saqarTve- leba aris SesaZlebeli. saerTaSoriso turistul ba-
los imijis popularizaciisaTvis. Cveni qveynis turis- zarze arsebobs warmatebiT funqcionirebadi aTobiT
tul-rekreaciuli potencialis Sesaxeb informaciis turistuli organizacia, magram samwuxarod saqarTve-
propaganda unda xorcieldebodes saxelmwifos Sesaba- los arc oficialur struqturebs da arc kerZo tu-
misi struqturebis (turizmis erovnuli saagentos) mi- ristul kompaniebs ar gaaCnia maT umravlesobasTan
er momzadebuli sareklamo masalebis ucxoeTSi gav- aranairi urTierToba. ra Tqma unda msoflio turis-
rcelebiT. aucilebelia aseve saerTaSoriso turistul organizaciaSi gawevrianeba ar aris sakmarisi. sa-
tul bazrobebsa da gamofenebSi monawileobis miReba. qarTvelosaTvis aucilebelia ucxour turistul kom-
msoflios ganviTarebuli da ganviTarebadi qveynebi am paniebTan kavSirebis damyareba, reklamireba, momsaxure-
mimarTulebiT milionobiT dolars xarjaven, rac tu- bis yvela im paketis SeTavazeba, rac arsebobs Cvens
ristebis nakadis matebisa da Semosavlebis zrdis wina- qveyanaSi da romlis praqtikaSi realizebac SeiZleba.
pirobaa. am organizaciebs unda miewodos saqarTvelos Sesaxeb
Tanamedrove etapze Cvens qveyanaSi saerTaSoriso yvela saxis informcia.
turistebisAtransportirebas, sastumroebsa da sxva
turistul obieqtebSi momsaxurebas axorcielebs kerZo
seqtori, ramac bazris ganviTarebaSi, (zemoT CamoTvli- 1alania m. turizmis bazari da misi ganviTarebis tendenciebi
saqarTveloSi. biznesi da kanonmdebloba, 2006 #11gv:44.
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marTalia saqarTvelos gaaCnia pirdapiri kavSirebi domebs. gasxvisebuli iqna saxelmwifosaTvis bevri,
sahaero da sazRvao transportiT gadazidvebis saerTa- strategiulad mniSvnelovani turistuli obieqti. gar-
Soriso asociaciasTan, magram adgilobrivi turistu- da amisa, xSirad araswori formiT (magaliTad, pirda-
li industriis sustad ganviTarebis gamo, es araa sak- piri miyidvis, faruli auqcionis wesiT) xdeboda priva-
marisi Cvens qveyanaSi turistuli potencialis srul- tizaciis procesi, rac auqcionSi monawileebs Soris
yofilad amoqmedebisaTvis. iwvevda usamarTlobis gancdas. adgili hqonda rogorc
Cveni qveynis saTanado uwyebebis mier dRes arsebu- tendenciur Sesyidvebs konkurentebis Sesaxeb daintere-
li formiT internetis gamoyeneba da misi meSveobiT sebul pirebze informaciis farul miwodebas, ise ko-
ucxoelebisaTvis miwodebuli informacia arc efeqtu- rufciul garigebebs da a. S. es exeba ukve privatizire-
ri da arc sakmarisia, rac kargad etyoba kidec Cveni bul obieqtebs. eqspertebi Tvlian, rom am siaSi iseTi
qveynis turistul bazars. Tu ucxoeTis moqalaqeebi obieqtebi iqna Setanili, romlebic SeuTanxmebeli iyo
arasdros yofilan Cvens qveyanaSi da arc araferi sme- kulturisa da ZeglTa dacvis saministrosTan, rac yov-
niaT mis Sesaxeb, rogor moindomeben isini saqarTvelo- lad dauSvebelia. kerZod, aseTebia: iuneskos mier kul-
Si Camosvlas da dasvenebas? aseTi uaryofiTi faqto- turuli memkvidreobis nusxaSi Setanili obieqtebi,
ris mravlad moyvana SeiZleba. magaliTad, ra azri aqvs satransporto parkebi, gamoCenili sazogado moRvaweTa
sahaero transportis saerTaSoriso asociaciasTan Ta- muzeumebi, strategiuli daniSnulebis mqone kulturu-
namSromlobas, Tuki ar iqneba boingSi Cajdomis msur- li faseulobebi, sxvadasxva saxis bunebriv-rekreaciu-
veli da ar gaCndeba saqarTvelos mimarT interesi. li resursebi, kurortebi da sakurorto zonebi, kul-
rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans, saqar- turuli RirsSesaniSnaobani da sxva.
Tvelos turistuli potencialis propagandis sferoSi marTalia aq saubaria bunebrivi simdidreebis dro-
uaRresad bevri problemaa dagrovili da gadasaWreli, ebiT gasxvisebaze, magram am formiT aseTi obieqtebis
rac vlindeba kidec, saerTaSoriso turistul organi- gasxviseba turizmis sazianod xdeba. amisaTvis sakmari-
zaciebTan saqarTvelos TanamSromlobaSic. Tu ki ar sia Tundac kaxeTSi aleqsandre WavWavaZis saxlmuzeu-
iqna droulad da adeqvaturad realizebuli zemoT mis 99 wlis vadiT kerZo mesakuTreze gasxviseba da da-
ganxiluli RonisZiebebi, saqarTvelo dakargavs didi dianebis sasaxlis garSemo atexili aJiotaJi. unda iT-
odenobiT Semosavals. qvas, rom am obieqtebis droebiT gasxvisebaze gansakuT-
rebiT didi rezonansi iyo mTel qveyanaSi, magram igi
saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis mainc gasxvisda. aseTi obieqtebis gasxvisebis araerTi
problematika faqtia dafiqsirebuli saqarTveloSi. es aris araswori
midgoma, aramxolod erovnuli interesebidan gamomdi-
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Tvalsazri- nare, aramed turizmis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiTac.
siT, Cvens qveyanaSi jer kidev bevri problemaa gada- privatizebas daeqvemdebara bevri iseTi obieqtic (por-
saWreli. kerZod, es exeba bolo 20 wlis ganmavlobaSi ti, aeroporti, rkinigza da a. S), romelic wminda eko-
turistuli obieqtebis privatizaciisas daSvebul Sec-
837 838
nomikur xasiaTs atarebs, magram maTi funqcionireba qarTvelos urTierTobebi ruseTTan. Znelia evropis an
pirdapir ukavSirdeba turizms. Tundac sxva romelime kontinentis nebismieri qveynis
aqedan gamomdinareobs, rom industriul dargebs mcxovrebTa da saerTod, msoflio turistuli organi-
Soris turizmi Cveni qveynis mosaxleobis yofa-cxovre- zaciis darwmuneba Cveni qveynis stabilurobaSi.
bis TiTqmis yvela sferos moicavs. am SemTxvevaSi mniS- mSvidobiani gziT unda mogvardes konfliqturi si-
vnelovania swored is garemoeba, rom privatizeba gan- tuacia ruseTTan, qveyanaSi miRweuli unda iqnas ekono-
xorcielda samarTlebrivad TiTqos mowesrigebulad. mikuri da politikuri stabiluroba, raTa saqarTve-
rodesac saqme exeba turizms da masTan dakavSirebul lom moipovos mSvidobiani qveynis imiji. samwuxarod,
obieqtebs, saxelmwifos midgoma unda iyos absolitu- Tu saqarTvelos politikur-ekonomikuri viTareba ar
rad erovnuli interesebidan gamomdinare, am dros is iqneba stabiluri drois xangrZliv periodSi, is Sede-
unda moqmedebdes sportis, kulturisa da ZeglTa dac- gebi, rac miRweuli iqna 2009-2011 wlebSi, ver SenarCun-
vis saministrosTan, ekonomikis mdgradi ganviTarebis deba da saqarTveloSi turistuli biznesis potenciur
saministrosTan, turizmis erovnul saagentosTan, sa- donemde ganviTarebas aTwleulebi dasWirdeba. raoden
qarTvelos parlamentTan da sxva struqturebTan Se- mdidari turistuli potencialic ar unda gaaCndes
TanxmebiT _ anu es ar aris privatizaciis sakiTxebiT qveyanas, masSi turizmi ver ganviTardeba. Tuki saxel-
dakavebul adamianTa mcire jgufis gadasawyveti. mwifo ar iqneba, upirveles yovlisa, stabiluri poli-
saTanadod organizebuli turizmis industriis ar- tikurad. sxva SemTxvevaSi turizmis ganviTarebas per-
sebobisTvis ar aris sakmarisi sazRvargareTidan qvey- speqtiva ar gaaCnia. Tu movaxdenT momavlis prognozi-
nis SigniT turistebis nakadis mozidva. saqarTveloSi rebas turizmis ganviTareba Cvens qveyanaSi kvlav Se-
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa yuradReba gamax- ferxdeba, Tu ar aRsdgeba saqarTvelos keTilmegobru-
vildes imaze, Tu ra SeiZleba gakeTdes Cveni qveynis li urTierToba ruseTTan.
RirsSesaniSnaobebiT ucxoel turistTa dasaintereseb- Tu gaviTvaliswinebT im garemoebas, rom saqarTve-
lad? am kuTxiT gamoikveTa mravali gza da saSualeba, los droebiT dakarguli aqvs Savi zRvis sanapiros
magram maTi realizaciisaTvis mTavaria stabilurobis erTi zoli _ afxazeTis teritoria da Sida qarTlis
uzrunvelyofa. marTalia 2008 wlis agvistos Semdeg sakmaod didi nawili, romelzec ar vrceldeba Cveni
saqarTvelosa da ruseTs Soris saomari moqmedebebi ar qveynis iurisdiqcia, saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTa-
ganaxlebula, magram am or qveyanas Soris daZabuloba, reba Cvens qveyanaSi Tanamedrove etapze uaxloes wleb-
msoflios uqmnis safrTxes politikur orbitaze. Si sakmaod winaaRmdegobrivi iqneba. am TvalsazrisiT
am droisaTvis saqarTvelos mniSvnelovnad Seerya saqarTveloSi viTareba jer kidev ar aris stabiluri.
stabiluri qveynis imiji. Tumca Tanamedrove etapze rodesac qveyanaSi kvlavac arsebobs destabilizaciis
Cvenma qveyanam ramdenadmde SeZlo aemaRlebina turis- ganaxlebis safrTxe, cxadia ucxoeli turistebi Tavs
tebis dasvenebis usafrTxoeba, magram problema bolom- arideben saqarTveloSi Camosvlas. es gasagebicaa, rad-
de mainc ar aris gadaWrili. samwuxarod jer kidev ar ganac cxadia turisti siamovnebiT daisvenebs, magali-
aris gansazRvruli, Tu rogor unda daregulirdes sa- Tad, iamaikaze da ar wava dasasveneblad eraySi. zemoT
839 840
aRniSnulidan gamomdinare, SeiZleba iTqvas, rom saer- infrastruqturis ganviTarebis jer kidev sakmaod da-
TaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis Sedegebi saqarTvelo- bali doniT. dRevandel pirobebSi Semomyvanma turis-
Si ar aris mTlad saxarbielo, magram unda vimedovneb- tulma kompaniebma yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon gare
deT imasac, rom Cvenma qveyanam Zalian bevri ram iswav- turistul bazarze, rac unda ganxorcildes bazarze
la sakuTar Secdomebze. marketinguli menejmentis strategiis gamoyenebiT,
saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare- moTxovnis axali segmentis SeqmniTa da Semdgomi ga-
bas seriozulad uSlis xels am dargisaTvis saWiro farToebiT.
infrastruqturis ganuviTarebloba. rogorc moralu- garda amisa, turizmi saqarTveloSi, regionebis mi-
rad, ise fizikurad. gacveTilia moqmedi materialur- xedviT, uTanasworod aris ganviTarebuli. Cvens qveya-
teqnikuri baza. afxazeTsa da cxinvalis regionSi sa- naSi prioritetuli unda iyos saerTaSoriso turizmis,
qarTvelos iurisdiqciis aRdgenamde SeuZlebelia aq calkeuli regionebis mixedviT, ganviTareba. igi Tanab-
turizmis ganviTareba. guria-samegrelos sanapiro zo- rad unda viTardebodes rogorc centralur, ise pro-
li geografiuli mdebareobiT, xolo aWaris sanapiro vinciul, sasazRvro da ekonomikurad CamorCenil regi-
zoli ki, uxvnaleqianobis gamo, ar qmnis turizmis in- onebSic. aseTi problemebi saqarTveloSi turizmis
tensiurad ganviTarebis perspeqtivas. samwuxarod, adgi- ganviTarebisaTvis ucxo ar aris, rac dauyonebliv sa-
lobrivi momsaxurebis menejeruli gamocdilebis uqon- Wiroebs aRmofxvras. amaSi ki Cveni qveynis turistul
lobisa da finansuri SezRudvebis gamo, Zalian rTul- operatorebs daexmareba sazRvargareTis qveynebSi tu-
deba ganTavsebis adgilebSi turistebis momsaxurebis rizmis ganviTarebis gamocdilebis Seswavla, erovnul
donis amaRleba. Sesabamisad, saqarTveloSi dabalia specifikur TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
turistuli servisis done. Tu droulad ar gatarda marTalia qveynisaTvis mniSvnelovania Sida turiz-
adeqvaturi RonisZiebebi, es faqtori Seqmnis mniSvne- mis ganviTareba, magram amiT perspeqtiuli turistuli
lovan bariers xarisxiani produqciis miwodebis sfe- biznesis Camoyalibeba SeuZlebelia. garda amisa, adgi-
roSi da xels SeuSlis Semomyvan tur-operatorebs tu- lobrivi, dabali gadaxdisunarianobis mqone turiste-
ristuli programebis realizebaSi. aRniSnuli proble- bis imediT swrafi turistuli aRmavloba ver moxer-
mebis mogvareba arc Tu ise advilia. problemas mxo- xdeba da mas mravali weli dasWirdeba. rac sakmaod
lod kadrebi da finansuri saxsrebi ver gadawyveten. didi danakargi iqneba Cveni qveynisaTvis. swored zemoT
saqarTvelos tur-operatorebi TavianT produqcias ganxiluli faqtorebi aris qveyanaSi turizmis Sefer-
xSirad moumzadebeli formiT warmoadgenen, rac seri- xebiT ganviTarebis umTavresi mizezebi.
ozuli problemaa Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turis- saqarTveloSi turizmis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaTvis
tul bazarze. saWiroa kerZo seqtorSi aSendes axali tipis sastum-
rogorc zemoT moyvanili analizidan Cans ZiriTadi roebi. imavdroulad unda gaumjobesdes sxva saxis tu-
problema, romelic warmoiqneba saqarTvelos turpro- ristuli infrastruqturac _ transporti, kavSirgabmu-
duqtis ucxour bazarze gatanis dros, ganpirobebulia loba, restornebi da a. S. turistuli infrastruqtura
qveynis politikuri arastabilurobiT da turistuli araTanabradaa ganviTarebuli regionebSi. Tu magali-
841 842
Tad, am TvalsazrisiT garkveuli winsvla igrZnoba gamoirCeva, rasac adasturebs turizmis makroekonomi-
aWaraSi an kaxeTSi, macxovreblebisagan icleba fSavi, kuri ganviTarebis analizi. saqarTveloSi turizmis
xevsureTi, samegrelo da a. S., rac imaze miuTiTebs, ganviTarebaze, sxva dargebis msgavsad, gavlenas axdens
rom arasworad aris SerCeuli turizmis menejmentis politikur-ekonomikuri faqtorebi. miuxedavad amisa,
formebi. turizms aqvs unari swrafad aRidginos Tavisi mdgoma-
saqarTvelos TanamSromloba turistul organiza- reoba. Cvens qveyanaSi turizmze mzardi moTxovnis ar-
ciebTan sakmaod mniSvnelovani movlenaa, magram ro- sebobis gamo, xdeba bazrebs Soris resursebis swrafi
gorc praqtika gviCvenebs, es ar aris sakmarisi imisaT- gadanawileba, riTac miiRweva turistuli bazris wo-
vis, rom Cveni qveyana srulad akmayofilebdes turis- nasworoba.
tuli industriis mzard moTxovnebs. Cvens qveyanas mar- saqarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis
Tlac gaaCnia turistuli biznesis ganviTarebis per- Tanamedrove etapze, Tavisi resursuli potencialiT,
speqtiva, magram aqve unda aRiniSnos isic, rom saqar- turizmis dargs gaaCnia ganviTarebis didi SesaZleb-
TveloSi am kuTxiT jer kidev bevria gasakeTebeli. ro- loba. Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis seqtoris aRmavloba
desac saubari exeba saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso tu- did rols asrulebs ekonomikis swraf ganviTarebaSi,
rizmis ganviTarebis perspeqtivebs, saWiroa gaTvalis- dasaqmebis donis zrdaSi, calkeul regionTa ganviTa-
winebuli iqnes turizmis motivaciis saxelmwifo Za- rebis gamoTanabrebaSi, infrastruqturisa da kerZo
lisxmeva. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam ukve kargad seqtoris ganviTarebaSi. Tanamedrove etapze saqarTve-
icis, Tu ra brendi SeiZleba SesTavazos ucxoel tu- loSi gansakuTrebiT aqtualuria siRaribis daZleva,
ristebs. dargobrivi orientaciisa da prioritetebis dadgena,
romelic eyrdnoba Semdeg kriteriumebs: ra resursebze
saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis unda moxdes yuradRebis gamaxvileba da romeli darge-
Semaferxebeli faqtorebi bis ganviTareba miscems qveyanas pirdapir efeqts Rari-
bi fenebis Semosavlebis zrdaSi. Cveni azriT, am kuTx-
Tanamedrove saqarTvelos cxovrebaSi xelisufle- iT, ekonomikis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT, didi upira-
bis mier aRiarebulia turizmis ekonomikuri, socialu- tesobiT sargeblobs turizmis dargi, radganac ekono-
ri da politikuri mniSvneloba. turistebis Cvens qveya- mikuri, socialuri, kulturuli da politikuri mniS-
naSi imigracia sul ufro aqtiurad ganixileba regio- vnelobisa da zrdis maRali tempebis gamo, turizmi
nuli integraciuli procesebisa da saerTaSoriso hu- miCneulia XXI s-is fenomenad.
manitaruli TanamSromlobis konteqstSi. XXI saukunis saqarTvelos turizmis sferoSi arsebuli udidesi
I aTwleulSi saqarTvelos bunebrivi da kulturuli potencialis asamoqmedeblad saWiroa maqsimalurad iq-
resursebis gamoyenebis TvalsazrisiT, turizmi Camoya- nes gamoyenebuli qveynis turistul-sakurorto resur-
libda mdgradi ganviTarebis dargad. mobilurobisa da sebi, ganisazRvros turizmis ganviTarebis ZiriTadi
TviTregulirebis mixedviT Cvens qveyanaSi turizmi, strategiuli mimarTulebani, unda SemuSavdes dargis
ekonomikis sxva dargebTan SedarebiT, maRali xarisxiT ganviTarebis swori saxelmwifo politika. amisaTvis ki,
843 844
Tavis mxriv, saWiroa gatardes adeqvaturi sareklamo-- saqarTveloSi turizmis srulyofili ganviTarebi-
marketinguli RonisZiebebi da momzaddes dargis ganvi- saTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs sahaero transportis ga-
Tarebis mastimulirebeli sakanonmdeblo baza. nebismi- marTul funqcionirebas. kerZod, am sferoSi arsebobs
eri maTganis arasrulyofilad formireba Cvens qveyana- turizmis ganviTarebis Semdegi Semaferxebeli faqto-
Si gamoiwvevs turizmis dargis moSlas. rebi: naklebia turizmis arsebul da potenciur baz-
Tanamedrove saqarTveloSi arsebobs turizmis gan- rebTan damakavSirebeli marSrutebi, didia turistuli
viTarebis Semaferxebeli mravali faqtori, romlebic produqciis potenciuri momxmareblis bazramde manZi-
aferxeben turizmis Semdgom aRmavlobas. kerZod, eseni- li (evropis bazrebTan dasakavSireblad saWiroa 4
a: 1. ar aris SemuSavebuli turizmis dargTaSorisi, da- frena/saaTi), aviareisebi sruldeba gvian Rame, an dila-
balansebuli ganviTarebis erTiani saxelmwifo koncef- adrian, xSirad icvleba frenis ganrigi, konfliqtebia
cia; 2. erovnul doneze araa SemuSavebuli turizmis aviakompaniebs Soris, dempingur qmedebebSi aris mxile-
strategiuli dagegmvis meTodika; 3. srulyofilad ar buli Turquli aviakompania da a. S.
aris gansazRvruli Cveni qveynis regionebis turistul- Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebaze moqmedi
sakurorto potenciali; 4. ar aris SemuSavebuli tu- uaryofiTi faqtorebi or jgufad iyofa. esenia: gare
rizmis ganviTarebis regionuli programebi; 5. qveynis da Sida faqtorebi. kerZod, gare faqtorebs ganekuTvne-
mTel teritoriaze Sesaqmnelia turistuli momsaxureba saerTaSoriso donis omebi, msoflio finansuri kri-
bis urTierTkoordinirebuli, farTo qseli; 6. saqar- zisebi, teraqtebi, epidemiebi, daZabuli urTierToba
Tvelos turizmis erovnul saagentoSi, statistikis ruseTTan da a. S., xolo Sida faqtorebs ki ganekuTvne-
erovnul samsaxursa da sabaJo samsaxurebSi ar aris ba: konfliqtebi afxazeTsa da samxreT oseTTan, poli-
danergili standartuli saerTaSoriso klasifikato- tikur-ekonomikuri arastabiluroba da a.S. garda amisa,
ri, rac saSualebas iZleva gaizomos Cveni qveynis eko- kidev arsebobs Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis
nomikaSi turizmis ekonomikuri efeqtianoba; 7. mosawes- Semaferxebeli, Semdegi konkretuli faqtorebi: 1. qvey-
rigebelia qveyanaSi Semosul da gasul turistTa aR- nis uaryofiTi turistuli imiji; 2. saqarTvelos tu-
ricxvianoba; 8. Sesabamisi struqturebis mier ar aris rizmis saerTaSoriso popularizaciis, reklamirebisa
Seqmnili rigi sakanonmdeblo da kanonqvemdebare aqte- da marketingis dabali done; 3. turistuli produqciis
bi; 9. ar aris mowesrigebuli sareklamo-sacnobaro, mravalferovnebis uzrunvelyofis problemebi; 4. tu-
kartografiuli da popularuli literaturis gamom- ristTa usafrTxoebis dabali done; 5. turistuli in-
cemloba; 10. ar aris ganviTarebuli mosaxleobis tu- frastruqturis ganviTarebis arasakmarisi done; 6. dar-
ristul-ekologiuri ganaTlebis programebi; 11. ar gis kvalificirebuli kadrebiT uzrunvelyofis prob-
aris Camoyalibebuli keTilmezobluri urTierTobebi lemebi da sxva faqtorebi.
ruseTTan. am problemebis daZleva SesaZlebelia xeli- zemoT CamoTvlili faqtorebi, romlebic aferxeben
suflebis, kerZo struqturebisa da saerTaSoriso or- turizmis ganviTarebas, uaryofiTad moqmedeben turis-
ganizaciebis TanamSromlobiT. tebis saqarTveloSi Camosvlis Sesaxeb gadawyvetile-
bis miRebaze. rogorc aq moyvanili analizidan Cans,
845 846
turizmis ganviTarebis aucilebeli pirobaa turiste- cavs turistul movlenebs, CaSlilia momsaxurebis
bis usafrTxoebis uzrunvelyofa da qveynis imijis sxvadasxva dargebSi. garda amisa, mTlianad araa asaxu-
amaRleba. am mxriv, ki saqarTvelos arasaxarbielo li momsaxurebis is obieqtebi, romlebic pirdapir Tu
mdgomareoba aqvs: Cvens qveyanaSi, turizmis ganviTare- iribad turizmTan arian dakavSirebuli. jer kidev sak-
bis mxriv stabiluri garemos Seqmnis mizniT saWiroa maod maRalia Crdilovani ekonomikis masStabi. arada
pirvel rigSi mSvidobiani molaparakebiT mogvardes Tanamedrove etapze swored turizmi warmoadgens Cveni
daZabuli politikuri urTierToba ruseTTan. qveynis erovnuli ekonomikis warmatebuli ganviTarebis
erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtors. amitom iseve rogorc
saerTaSoriso turizmis informaciuli Cveni qveynis mosaxleoba, agreTve msoflio sazogadoe-
uzrunvelyofis perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi ba ar unda ganicdides saqarTvelos bunebrivi da tu-
ristul-rekreaciuli resursebis Sesaxeb informaciul
Tanamedrove saerTaSoriso turizmi sainformacio vakuums.
da kompiuteruli teqnologiebis farTod danergvis sa- msoflioSi mravali qveynis mosaxleobas samwuxa-
fuZvelze, swrafi ganviTarebis fazaSi Sevida. miuxeda- rod jer kidev ara aqvs srulyofili informacia Cveni
vad amisa, Cvens qveyanaSi arsebuli mdidari turistu- qveynis turistuli potencialis Sesaxeb. marTalia ma-
li potenciali jer kidev araa saTanadod aTvisebuli. RalganviTarebuli qveynebis oficialur struqturebs
ar aris maqsimalurad moziduli ucxoeli turistebi. SeiZleba hqondeT garkveuli informacia saqarTvelos
mravali problemaa gadasaWreli turistuli infras- Sesaxeb, rom igi Zalian lamazi da turizmis ganviTare-
truqturis mSeneblobaSi. dauxvewavia turistuli kom- bisTvis xelsayreli bunebriv-klimaturi pirobebis mqo-
paniebis menejmenti. da a.S. saerTaSoriso turizmSi sane qveyanaa, magram savsebiT SesaZlebelia, rom maT qal-
qarTvelos Rirseuli adgilis mopovebisa da damkvid- qebsa da regionebSi mcxovrebma mosaxleobam saerTod
rebis mizniT Zalian didi mniSvneloba aqvs Cvens qveya- araferi icodnen Cveni qveynis Sesaxeb. erTi SexedviT,
naSi Semosuli turistebis informaciul uzrunvelyo- TiTqos aq gasakviri araferia. SeiZleba arc saqarTve-
fas. turizmis sferoSi mimdinare movlenebis Sesafa- los mosaxleobam icodes araferi am qveynebis turis-
seblad, am sferoSi arsebuli tendenciebis gamovleni- tuli potencialis Sesaxeb, magram mTavari isaa, rom
sa da statistikuri kanonzomierebis dadgenis mizniT saqarTveloSi turizmis erovnuli saagentos, turistu-
aucilebelia turizmis informaciuli uzrunvelyofis li kompaniebis da sxva Sesabamisi kerZo, Tu saxelmwi-
xarisxis gaumjobeseba. fo uwyebebis mier Casatarebelia aqtiuri marketingu-
Sesabamisad es movlenebi ver aRiricxeba saerTo li, sareklamo samuSaoebi.
sainformacio bankSi. amis ZiriTadi mizezia turizmis saWiroa ufro srulyofilad iqnes gamoyenebuli
sferoSi informaciis mopovebis sirTule da misi aras- internet-teqnologiebi _ unda Seiqmnas yvela tur-ope-
rulyofileba. ekonomikuri saqmianobis klasifikator- ratoris veb-gverdebi, sadac unda ganTavsdes Cveni
Si turizmi, rogorc dargi calke ar aris gamoyofili. qveynis yvela saxis RirsSesaniSnaoba: istoriul-kul-
amitom is informacia, romelic garkveuli doziT moi- turuli Zeglebi, muzeumebi, cnobil sazogado-moRvawe-
847 848
Ta saxl-muzeumebi, bunebriv-rekreaciuli resursebi, iRos turistebis aRricxvis erTiani sistema, upirve-
barneologiuri wyaroebi, sadac CamoTvlili unda iyos les yovlisa, statistikuri dakvirvebis organizaciu-
maTi samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli Tvisebebi, mTisa da li formebis SerCevis gziT. es ki moiTxovs Cvens qveya-
baris lamazi peizaJebi, Savi zRvis sanapiroebi, qarTu- naSi Semosuli turistebis raodenobis ganmsazRvrel
li sufris Rirseba, erovnuli kerZebi, stumarT-maspin- maCvenebelTa gaangariSebis meTodologiis SemuSavebas,
Zlobis tradiciebi, unda gamoiZebnos finansuri sax- radgan msoflio turistuli organizaciis mier reko-
srebi sazRvargareTis qveynebis satelevizio sivrceSi mendebuli aRricxvis parametrebi ver aisaxeba statis-
reklamis gansaTavseblad da a. S. tikur operaciebSi.
marTalia Tanamedrove sainformacio teqnologie- saqarTvelos statistikurma samsaxurebma gansakuT-
bis danergvam SesaZlebeli gaxada internetis meSveo- rebuli yuradReba unda gaamaxvilos ucxoeTidan Semo-
biT ucxoelma turistma, dainteresebis SemTxvevaSi, misuli turistebis mier gaweuli danaxarjebis aRricxva-
iRos yovelgvari informacia, maT Soris turizmis sfe- ze, radganac swored am tipis turistuli xarjebi war-
roSic, magram es informacia TavisTavad ver ganTavsde- moadgens erovnuli Semosavlebis multiplikaciuri
ba internetSi, Tu ar Seiqmna Sesabamisi veb-gverdebi, efeqtiT zrdis ZiriTad wyaros. mag., 2008 wlis agvis-
ar damuSavda eleqtronuli informacia da ar ganTav- tos cnobili movlenebis Sedegad saqarTvelos turiz-
sda igi Sesabamis saitebze. sazRvargareTis turistebs mSi uaryofiTi tendenciebis Camoyalibebis miuxedavad,
veb-gverdebis meSveobiT unda miewodos Cveni qveynis amave wlis bolosaTvis, oficialuri statistikis mona-
turistul RirsebaTa Sesaxeb video-rgolebi da sura- cemebiT ucxoeli turistebis Semosvlis zrdis tenden-
Tebi. cia gamoikveTa. es zrda miRweuli iqna saerTaSoriso
organizaciebis warmomadgenelTa, ucxoel damkvirve-
turizmis aRricxvis saerTaSoriso belTa, amierkavkasiis qveynebidan Savi zRvis sanapiro-
meTodologiis gamoyenebis SesaZleblobebi ze, bakuriansa da gudaurSi Camosuli turistebis xar-
saqarTveloSi jze, magram am periodSi Semosuli stumrebis turiste-
bad daregistrireba ver xerxdeboda, Cveni qveynis saja-
ro reestrSi araregistrirebuli ganTavsebis saSuale-
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos Rirseuli
bebSi, maTi dasvenebis gamo.
adgilis mopovebisa da damkvidrebis mizniT Zalian di-
amitom msoflio turistuli organizaciis mier Se-
di mniSvneloba aqvs Cvens qveyanaSi Semosuli da qvey-
moTavazebul rekomendaciebSi swored turistuli da-
nidan gasuli turistebis aRricxvianobis sistemis mo-
naxarjebis zust statistikur aRricxvaze aris yu-
wesrigebasa da saerTaSoriso statistikuri aRricxvis
radReba gamaxvilebuli, rac pirdapir ukavSirdeba tu-
meTodologiur sistemasTan SesabamisobaSi moyvanas.
rizmis erTiani produqtis, rogorc materialuri, ise
saqarTveloSi Semosul turistTa raodenobis aRricx-
aramaterialuri faqtorebis mixedviT, moxmarebas. rad-
vianobis sferoSi arsebul problemaTa aRmofxvris
ganac turizmidan miRebuli Semosavlebis Sesaxeb sta-
mizniT, statistikis saxelmwifo samsaxurma unda Semo-
tistikur monacemTa gamoTvlisaTvis dasayrden sain-
849 850
formacio wyaros warmoadgens eqspertTa Sefasebebi, nia turistebis xarjvis aRricxva iyos saerTaSoriso
amitom saWiroa kvlevebi Catardes turistuli xarje- standartebTan Sesabamisi. amis misaRwevad saWiroa an-
bis klasifikaciis saerTaSoriso standartebis sruli gariSgebis Sedgenis meTodologiad gamoyenebuli iqnes
dacviT. imavdroulad saWiroa gansakuTrebuli yuradR- satelituri angariSis Sesaxeb saerTaSoriso organiza-
eba gamaxvildes iseTi saxis informaciebis mopovebaze, ciebis mier SemuSavebuli rekomendaciebi.
rogoricaa: cnobebi turistTa ganTavsebis, kvebis, turizmis aRricxvis sferoSi saerTaSoriso meTo-
transportis, rekreaciuli, kulturuli, sportuli dologiis gamoyeneba mniSvnelovania TviT turistebisa
saqmianobis, Sida da gare turizmSi xarjebis gawevis da turistuli kompaniebis informirebisaTvis, radgan
drois, adgilis, dafinansebis wyaroebis da sxva pro- am meTodologiaSi detalurad aris aRwerili, Tu ra
cesTa Sesaxeb. yovelive es xels Seuwyobs ojaxuri, sa- SemTxvevaSi SeiZleba CaiTvalos esaTuis saqmianoba tu-
xelmwifos mier subsidirebuli, socialuri, wamaxali- ristulad. Cveni qveynis tur-produqciis moxmareba Se-
sebeli da premialuri turizmis Sesaxeb informaciis iZleba or nawilad daiyos. esenia: Sida da gare turis-
sruli paketis formirebas. tebisaTvis gankuTvnili momsaxurebis produqciis mox-
statistikuri dakvirvebis Sedegad miRebuli mona- mareba. gamavali turizmi calke maCvenebladaa SemoRe-
cemebi, dajgufebis Semdeg, aprobirebuli statistiku- buli. turizmis aRricxvis meTodologia iTvaliswi-
ri meTodologiis safuZvelze SeiZleba gaxdes turis- nebs angariSis dabalansebas danaxarjebis meTodis mi-
tuli xarjebis SefardebiTi da ganzogadebuli maCve- xedviT.
neblebis gaangariSebis safuZveli. swored statistiku- saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis
ri aRricxvianobis meTodologiaSi arsebuli naklova- daCqarebisa da misi aRricxvis mowesrigebis mizniT sa-
nebebi aris turizmis statistikis ganuviTareblobis Wiroa moxdes msoflio standartebis Sesabamisi sta-
erT-erTi mizezi. marTalia mTel msoflioSi (ufro tistikuri aRricxvis meTodologiis danergva, statis-
konkretulad sazRvargareTis maRalganviTarebul qvey- tikuri angariSgebis formebis amoqmedeba. turistul
nebSi) arsebobs turizmis statistikuri aRricxvis er- danaxarjTa Sesafaseblad saWiroa specialurad orga-
Tiani meTodologia, magram misi ~meqanikuri gadmoner- nizebuli statistikuri gamokvlevebis Catareba. turiz-
gva” saqarTveloSi ver moxdeba harmoniulad, umtkivne- midan miRebuli sabiujeto da saojaxo Semosavlebis
ulod, radganac problema warmoiqmneba turizmis sta- gaangariSebis mizniT saWiroa Cveni qveynis mTlian Si-
tistikuri aRricxvis meTodologiis morgebaSi. Cvens da produqtSi turizmis xvedriTi wilis dadgena, tu-
qveyanaSi turizmis, saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesaba- rizmis satelituri angariSebis warmoebis ganaxleba
misad, statistikuri aRricxvis warmoebisaTvis saWiroa da daxvewa; saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi arsebuli
satelituri angariSgebis warmoebis ganaxleba, romlis konkurenciis gasaZlebad, ucxoeli turistebis mosazi-
danergva daiwyo 2007 wlis bolos. mas Semdeg ukve Ca- dad, erovnuli turistuli potencialis gamovlenis,
tarda ramdenime, mniSvnelovani kvleva, romelSic ga- mxardaWerisa da ganviTarebisaTvis saWiroa gaerTian-
moCnda turistebis mier gaweuli xarjebis moculoba des saqarTvelos erovnuli bankis, statistikuri samsa-
da struqtura. satelituri angariSgebis Sedgenis miza- xurebis, turizmis erovnuli saagentos Zalisxmeva, ra-
851 852
Ta SesaZlebeli gaxdes turizmSi mimdinare movlene- gamokvlevebis meTodi. satelituri angariSgebis meTo-
bis, gaweuli xarjebisa da miRebuli Semosavlebis Se- diT sargeblobis dros statistikuri masalebi miiReba
saxeb zusti informaciis operatiulad mopoveba da ga- sawarmoebidan, dawesebulebebidan, organizaciebidan da
moqveyneba. a. S. isini avseben angariSgebas da gadascemen maT sta-
amrigad, turizmis statistikuri aRricxva udides tistikur organoebs. swored satelituri angariSgeba
rols asrulebs dargis ganviTarebaSi, radgan swored Seicavs turizmis Sesaxeb informaciis ZiriTad masas.
mis analizs eyrdnoba mTavrobisa da turistuli kompa- turistuli nakadebis Sesaxeb informacia SeiZleba mi-
niebis samomavlo gegmebi. mTavrobas ainteresebs ramde- Rebuli iqnes imigraciuli samsaxurebidan da ganTavse-
ni turisti ewvia qveyanas mimdinare wels, ramdeni iyo bis saSualebebidan. sazRvarze aRricxva xdeba imigra-
maTgan ucxoeli, romeli qveynebidan Camodian turiste- ciuli kontrolis meSveobiT, turistebis qveyanaSi
bi, rogoria turistebis vizitis dinamika wlebis gan- Sesvlisas da iqidan maTi gamosvlisas. sazRvarze tu-
mavlobaSi, ramdens xarjavs saSualod turisti erT ristebis migraciis aRricxvis srulyofis mizniT par-
dReSi da ramdens _ mTeli vizitis ganmavlobaSi, ro- tniori (wyvili) qveynebi, informaciis urTierTgacvlis
goria turistebis dinamika sezonebis mixedviT, ramdeni xarjze, iyeneben ~sarkiseburi” aRricxvis meTods.
kacia dasaqmebuli turizmis sferoSi, rogoria maTi statistikuri dakvirvebis kargad SemuSavebuli
dasaqmebis dinamika wlebis mixedviT, ra raodenobis in- gegma turizmis Sesaxeb sando monacemebis miRebis ga-
vesticia ideba turizmSi da a. S. yovelive es informa- rantiaa, magram rac ar unda kargad iyos organizebu-
cia aucilebelia imisaTvis, rom mTavrobam Seafasos li dakvirvebis gegma da rac ar unda kargad scadon
ukve Seqmnili viTareba da dagegmos dargis Semdgomi misi administrireba Semsruleblebma, yoveli dakvirve-
ganviTarebis RonisZiebani. turizmis statistika ainte- bis dros mainc warmoiqmneba cdomileba. am tipis cdo-
resebT tur-operatorebs, turistul kompaniebs, ganTav- milebebi SeiZleba warmoiqmnas cifrebis damrgvalebis,
sebisa da satransporto saSualebebis mflobelebs, formularis araswori SevsebiT, araswori interpreta-
kvebis obieqtebs, ubralo moqalaqeebs, masmedias, saer- ciiT, respodentis mier faqtebis daviwyebiT da a. S.
TaSoriso organizaciebs, mecnierebisa da ganaTlebis statistikuri cdomileba SeiZleba atarebdes miznob-
muSakebs. riv an daudevrobiT xasiaTs. es ukanaskneli Tavis
turizmis statistikis arCeulma meqanizmma unda mxriv iyofa SemTxveviTad da sistematurad. am Secdo-
uzrunvelyos miRebuli informaciis utyuaroba da san- mebis aRmofxvris mizniT saWiroa dasaxuli iqnes tu-
dooba, misi martivad aRqmadoba da informaciis saer- rizmis statistikis srulyofis ZiriTadi mimarTulebe-
TaSoriso Sesadarisobis miRweva. turistuli nakadebis bi.
statistika gulisxmobs turistebis Semosvlis (gas-
vlis) raodenobis da yofnis xangrZlivobis dadgenas.
turizmis statistikaSi aRricxvis meTodebs Soris yve-
laze ufro gavrcelebulia statistikuri dakvirvebis,
satelituri angariSgebisa da specialurad Catarebuli
853 854
turizmis msoflio organizaciis turizmi, sasazRvro formalobebi, turizmis msoflio
rekomendaciebi turizmis statistikuri organizaciis siaxleebi, angariSi turizmis ganviTare-
aRricxvisaTvis bis Sesaxeb, turizmisa da mogzaurobis ganviTarebis
Tanamedrove mimarTulebebi da msoflio turizmis eko-
nomikuri reviu.
saerTaSoriso turizmis statistikuri aRricxvis
saerTaSoriso rekomendaciebi turizmis statisti-
srulyofisTvis mniSvnelovan samuSaoebs asrulebs tu-
kisaTvis gansazRvravs turizmisa da mogzaurobis cne-
rizmis msoflio organizacia, romlis aRmasrulebel
bebs, turistuli mogzaurobebisa da vizitebis, turiz-
sabWosTan Seqmnilia statistikis komiteti. samdivnos
mis formebis, saerTaSoriso da Sida vizitorebis ter-
SemadgenlobaSi Sedis statistikis seqtori. es ganyo-
minebs, iZleva SemosvliTi, gasvliTi da Sida nakadebis
filebebi amuSaveben statistikuri kvlevis principebs,
gazomvis meTodebs, gansazRvravs turizmis industrias,
exmarebian qveynebs gamokiTxvebis Catarebasa da mona-
turistul danaxarjebs, ekonomikur sargebels, axdens
cemTa damuSavebaSi, gamocdilebisa da specialistebis
turistuli produqtebis klasifikacias, axasiaTebs
gacvlaSi. turizmis msoflio organizaciis muSakebma
tur-operatorebs, adgens turistuli industriis mom-
SeimuSaves turizmis sferoSi anketirebis ganxorcie-
saxurebis meTodikas, iZleva turizmis makroekonomiku-
lebis meTodologia, erovnuli turizmis administri-
ri analizis safuZvlebs da a. S. evrokavSirma daamuSa-
rebaSi statistikis samsaxuris formirebis sabaziso
va turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebis gazomvis meTodo-
direqtivebi. maT SeimuSaves rekomendaciebi turizmis
logia, turizmis satelituri aRricxvis meqanizmi, tu-
statistikis Sesaxeb. es iyo mniSvnelovani etapi tu-
rizmis statistikis meTodologia da a. S. aRsaniSnavia
rizmis aRricxvis sferoSi, romlis dros didi yu-
agreTve evrokomisiis, turizmis msoflio organizaci-
radReba mieqca erovnul da saerTaSoriso doneze in-
is, ekonomikuri TanamSromlobis organizaciis da gae-
formaciis Sesadarisobis problemas.
ros statistikis ganyofilebis erToblivi dokumenti
erTmaneTisagan gaimijna Sida, gasvliTi da Semos-
`2008 _ turizmis satelituri aRricxva: rekomendirebu-
vliTi turizmi, saerTaSoriso da Sida vizitorebi, ~e-
li meTodologia”.
rovnuli turizmi” da ~turizmi qveynis farglebSi”. sa-
saqarTveloSi turizmis statistikuri aRricxva
gadasaxado balansSi calke muxlad Sevida turistuli
xorcieldeba statistikuri organoebis mier turizmis
danaxarjebi. ganxorcielda turistuli saqmianobis sa-
industriis sawarmoebze dakvirvebiT. turizmis dargis
xeebis standartuli saerTaSoriso klasifikacia, rome-
statistikuri aRricxvis dros calke gamoiyofa ~sas-
lic gaxda turizmTan dakavSirebuli statistikuri in-
tumroebi da restornebi”, romlebic yvelaze didi mi-
formaciis mokrebis, damuSavebisa da gavrcelebis er-
axloebiT SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnas turizmis ana-
Tiani sistemis Seqmnis safuZveli. turizmis msoflio
lizisaTvis. igi iZleva Semdegi saxis informacias: sas-
organizaciis programul dokumentebTan erTad vrcel-
tumroebsa da restornebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba,
deba am organizaciis periodikac: turistuli statis-
maTi saSualo nominaluri xelfasi, sastumroebisa da
tikis weliwdeuli, statistikuri krebuli, ucxouri
restornebis mier gamoSvebuli produqciis, Sualeduri
855 856
moxmarebisa da damatebuli Rirebulebis odenoba, sas- odenobis, rom misi turistebis odenobaze gadamravle-
tumroebisa da restornebis seqtorSi moqmed sawarmo- biT miRebuli Tanxa sakmarisi iqneba ekologiuri prob-
Ta raodenoba, sastumroebis da restornebis brunvis lemebis Sedegad miRebuli zaralis aRmosafxvrelad.
moculoba, investiciebi sastumroebisa da restornebis am odenobis gadasaxadis daweseba gaaZvirebs mocemul
ZiriTad kapitalSi, sastumroebisa da restornebis mom- qveyanaSi turistebis cxovrebas, rac imdenad Seamci-
saxurebis moculoba, sastumroebis saqmianobis ZiriTa- rebs vizitorTa odenobas, rom darCenili turistebis
di maCveneblebi, sastumroebis moculoba regionebis ricxvi zustad Seesabameba qveynis turistul gamtaru-
mixedviT, stumrebis ganawileba Camosvlis miznebis da narianobas. Tu xelisufleba daawesebs realurTan Se-
qveynebis mixedviT, samomxmareblo fasTa indeqsi dasve- darebiT ufro dabal gadasaxads, maSin turistebis si-
nebisa da garTobis mizniT, sastumroebis da restorne- Warbe kvlav sagrZnobi iqneba, xolo gadasaxadebis sa-
bis sferoSi registrirebul ekonomikur subieqtTa ra- xiT maTgan amoRebuli Tanxa ki _ arasakmarisi ekolo-
odenoba. giuri problemebis gadasaWrelad. am dros mTavroba
turizmis aRricxvis efeqtianoba maRalia, Tu sta- ekonomikur problemas ufro wina planze ayenebs, vidre
tistikur organoTa mier dadgenili turistebis odeno- ekologiurs.
ba axlosaa maT realur raodenobasTan, maT mier gada piriqiT, Tu saxelmwifo zedmetad mkacrad Sea-
moTvlili turistuli xarjebi axlos aris realur fasebs moWarbebuli turistebis Sedegad gamowveul
turistul danaxarjebTan, aseve maT mier dadgenili ekologiur zarals da daawesebs realurTan Sedare-
turistuli industriis zRvrebi axlosaa turizmis re- biT ufro maRal ekologiur gadasaxads, maSin qveyana-
aluri industriis zRvrebTan, statistikur organoTa Si aSkarad sagrZnobi iqneba turistebis deficiti, xo-
mier dadgenili turistuli Semosavlebi axlosaa tu- lo maTgan amoRebuli Tanxebi ki zedmeti _ ekologiur
rizmidan miRebul realur SemosavlebTan, Tu Cveni problemaTa gadasaWrelad. am dros mTavroba ekologi-
qveynis statistikur organoTa mier Semosuli da gasu- ur problemas ufro wina planze ayenebs, vidre ekono-
li turistebis raodenoba axlosaa meore, partniori mikurs, xolo ekologiuri problemebis mosagvareblad
qveynis ~sarkisebur” monacemebTan, Tu statistikuri aR- gamoyofili zedmeti sabiujeto Tanxebi ki uSedegod
ricxvis procesi ar aris Semawuxebeli turistisaTvis, gaiflangeba. Tu statistikuri samsaxurebi mTavrobas
Tu statistikuri aRricxvis Sedegebi xels uwyobs tu- awvdis Semosuli turistebis raodenobis Sesaxeb aras-
rizmis saxelmwifo mxardaWeras, turizmis marketin- wor informacias, maSin Zalisxmeva ekologiuri prob-
gul da samecniero kvlevebs da a.S. lemebis aRmosafxvrelad iqneba araadeqvaturi.
Tu qveyanaSi Sedis mis turistul gamtarunariano-
basTan SedarebiT ufro meti turisti, maSin gadatvir- saqarTveloSi gare turizmis ganviTarebis
Tuli turistuli vizitebi uaryofiT gavlenas moax- perspeqtivebi
dens garemos ekologiur mdgomareobaze. ekologiaze
miyenebuli zaralis aRmosafxvrelad, saxelmwifom un- nebismier qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis ga-
da daawesos gadasaxadi, romlis sididec unda iyos im damwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs msoflios mTavar turis-
857 858
tul bazarTan _ evropasTan misi teritoriuli siax- eqspertTa gaTvlebiT, saerTaSoriso turizmis
loves. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos udavod xelsay- srulmasStabiani amoqmedeba Cvens qveyanas yovelwliu-
reli mdebareoba gaaCnia. amitom turizmis ganviTarebis rad saSualod miscems 1,7 mlrd laris odenobiT sabi-
SemTxvevaSi saqarTvelos SeuZlia saTanado pretenzia ujeto Semosavals. garda amisa, igi ganapirobebs mo-
ganacxados evropeli (da ara marto evropeli) turis- saxleobis didi nawilis (aseulobiT aTasi kacis) da-
tebis danaxarjebis garkveul segmentze. rogorc ze- saqmebas turizmsa da masTan dakavSirebul dargebSi,
moT moyvanili cxrilis analizidan Cans, 2010 wlidan rac ganapirobebs maTi Semosavlebis zrdasa da zoga-
2015 wlamde savaraudod 2,85-jer gaizrdeba turizmidan dad Cveni qveynis mosaxleobis sazogadoebrivi keTil-
miRebuli sabiujeto Semosavali, 2,75-jer gaizrdeba dReobis donis amaRlebas. amitom turizmis swrafi aR-
turizmSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba, xolo 3,85-jer ki _ mavloba didadaa damokidebuli ekonomikis sxva dargTa
mis momijnave dargebSi dasaqmebul muSakTa odenoba. ganviTarebazec.1
1,79-jer gaizrdeba turizmidan miRebuli Semosavali. gasaTvaliswinebelia is garemoebac, rom turizmis
amis Sedegad radgan 2,48 -jer gaizrdeba turizmis eq- gavrcelebis ekonomikuri areali mravalganStoebadia.
sportis Semosavali. igi moicavs vaWrobas, energetikas, transports, momsa-
cxrili # XVI. 1. xurebas, gzebs, komunikaciebs, sadazRvevo da sabanko
saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis uaxloesi (5 saqmes, sastumroebs, restornebs, kvebis produqtebisa
wlis) prognozi1 da sasmelebis warmoebas, kulturas, garTobas, spor-
turizmis
% ganviTarebis so- 2010 2015 zrdis tsa da a. S. turizmi biZgs aZlevs masTan dakavSirebul
# cialur-ekonomikuri Sede- wlis wlis tempi yvela saqmianobas da amiT mTel ekonomikas. swored
gebi monac prog. amitom, saqarTveloSi ekonomikis ganviTarebis erT-erT
qveyanaSi Semosul turis- 2033,0 5000,0 2,48- mniSvnelovan seqtors warmoadgens turizmis industri-
1
tTa ricxvi (aT. kaci) jer a, romelic unda gadaiqces qveyanaSi siRaribis daZle-
turizmidan miRebuli Semo- 2000,0 4580,0 1,79- visa da ekonomikuri zrdis grZelvadian strategiad.
2 yovelwliurad saqarTvelo 15-mde saerTaSoriso
savali (mln lari) jer
turizmidan Semosavali bi- 517,0 1467,0 2,85- turistul gamofenebSi iRebs monawileobas, igi qveynis
3 turistuli potencialis popularizaciisaTvis sauke-
ujetSi (mln lari) jer
.turizmis eqsportis Semo- 2100,0 3800,0 2,48- Teso saSualebaa. miuxedavad imisa, rom saqarTvelo uZ-
4 velesi istoriis, civilizaciis, kulturisa da damwer-
savali (mln, lari) jer
turizmSi dasaqmebulTa ra- 73,0 200,0 2,75- lobis qveyanaa, legendebiTa da tradiciebiT, igi jer
5 kidev ucnobia msoflioSi da amdenad sainteresoa misi
odenoba (aTasi kaci) jer
sxva dargebSi dasaqmebul- 220,0 600,0 3,85- aRmoCena yoveli mogzaurisa da turistisaTvis. ra un-
6
Ta raodenoba (aT.k) jer
1alania m. turizmis bazari da misi ganviTarebis tendenciebi
1 wyaro: www.georgia. travel. saqarTveloSi.//biznesi da kanonmdebloba. 2006, #11, gv:41.
859 860
da gakeTdes imisaTvis, rom ukeT gavacnoT Cveni qveyana bis gaziareba Cveni qveynis mier, adgilobriv turizmSi
saerTaSoriso Tanamegobrobas? sad devs misi popula- arsebul specifikur TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswinebiT.
rizaciis potenciali? ra ~niSa” unda daikavos saqar- saWiroa gamartivdes sabaJo procedurebi, Seiqmnas Ta-
Tvelom msoflio turistul sistemaSi, roca TiTqmis visufali savaWro reJimi, amaRldes turistuli momsa-
yvela ~niSa” dakavebulia saxelganTqmuli da msoflio xurebis xarisxi (am faqtors didi mniSvneloba aqvs,
rukaze kargad cnobili qveynebis mier? radgan erTi klientis ukmayofilebas 9-10 potenciuri
klienti igebs).
saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebis zemoT aRniSnulad gamomdinare, saqarTvelosaTvis
perspeqtivebi saqarTveloSi perspeqtiulia ucxour turistul bazrebze gasvla da
damkvidreba. amitom Tuki gvsurs gamoviwvioT ucxouli
turistebis daintereseba, qveyanaSi unda ganviTardes
saqarTvelos gaaCnia msoflio turizmSi warmatebiT
turizmis sxvadasxva saxeobani. mag., aseTia saTavgada-
integrirebisa da misgan maqsimaluri efeqtis miRebis
savlo turizmis seqtori, romlis potenciali saer-
realuri SesaZleblobebi. ubralod am perspeqtiul mi-
Tod ar aris gamoyenebuli. amitom aucilebelia, Ziri-
marTulebebs danaxva, maTgan optimaluris SerCeva da
Tadi yuradReba gamaxvildes turproduqciis diversi-
realizacia sWirdeba. saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTa-
fikaciaze, raTa man moicvas momxmarebelTa sxva jgu-
rebis strategiul mimarTulebaTa gamovlenis mizniT
febic.
unda moxdes turizmis erTiani sareklamo-sainforma-
Sida turizmi saqarTveloSi mkveTrad sezonuria,
cio programebis SemuSaveba da realizacia. saWiroa
maSin rodesac saerTaSoriso ,,saTavgadasavlo” turiz-
Cvens qveyanaSi SemuSavdes turizmis ganviTarebis xel-
mi, zomieri klimatis pirobebSi, uwyvetad xorcielde-
Sewyobis erTiani programa, romelic unda moicavdes
ba. amitom Tanamedrove etapze perspeqtiulia adgilob-
saerTaSoriso standartebTan Sesabamisi materialur-
rivi da saerTaSoriso turizmis Serwymis sakiTxi. sa-
teqnikuri bazis Seqmnas. imavdroulad saWiroa amaR-
Tavgadasavlo turizmi msoflio bazarze swrafad
ldes turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxi. unda moxdes
mzardi seqtoria. turizmis es saxeoba did qalaqebSi
turizmis dargSi ucxouri investiciebis populariza-
mcxovrebi mogzaurebisaTvis iZleva yoveldRiuri, ru-
cia, raTa ganxorcieldes ucxouri kapitalis dabande-
tinuli cxovrebiseuli problemebisgan ,,Tavis daRwe-
ba turizmis dargSi. Sesabamisad unda gamoiZebnos sa-
vis” saSualebas. adamianebs surT gaecnon sxva qveyne-
qarTveloSi saerTaSoriso reklamis da marketingis
bis unikalur memkvidreobas, kulturasa da bunebas.
dafinansebisTvis saWiro finansuri wyaroebi, romlis
amisaTvis isini saWiroeben gidebs, sainformacio ma-
gareSe SeuZlebelia saerTaSoriso turizmis mZafri
salas da saukeTeso tur-operatorebs. aseT mogzaurebs
konkurenciis bazrebze qarTuli turistuli produqci-
xSirad ar ainteresebT ganviTarebis maRali standar-
is damkvidreba.
tebi. axali Tavgadasavlebisa da STabeWdilebebis mi-
saWiroa turizmiT ganviTarebul qveynebSi moqmedi
RebisaTvis isini mzad arian gaiaron jer kidev ,,gauTe-
turistuli firmebis marTvis menejeruli gamocdile-
lav, saSiS bilikebze”. saqarTveloSi ki aseTi bilike-
861 862
bi mravladaa. amasTanave, Cvens qveyanas gaaCnia rogorc turizmis erovnulma saagentom da sazogadoebrivma
saintereso kulturuli, arqeologiuri, arqiteqturu- asocicaiebma, turistul organizaciebTan erTad, unda
li memkvidreoba, ise eTnografia, evropis umaRlesi aRadginon tur-produqtebis is saxeebi, romlebic sak-
mwvervalebi, landSaftebi da buneba (romelsac Tavisi maod kargad iyideboda XX saukunis bolos da dResac.
damangreveli efeqtiT jer kidev ar Sexebia teqnikuri Cveni azriT, adgilobriv turistul bazarze, mxolod
progresi). yvelaferi es iZleva diferencirebul tu- am gziT aris SesaZlebeli evropis qveynebis turistul
ristul sezonebze mogzaurobisadmi arsebuli moTxov- bazarze dabali konkurentunarianobis mqone adgilob-
nis funqcionirebis SesaZleblobas.1 rivi (saTavgadasavlo) tur-produqtebis xarisxi/ifasis
samomavlod saqarTvelos samogzauro tur-operato- Tanafardobis amaRleba.
rulma kompaniebma gansakuTrebuli interesis mqone tu- saWiroa, saqarTveloSi arsebuli tur-produqciis
ristebi unda uzrunvelyon istoriuli ZeglebiTa da Sesaxeb, Seiqmnas Sesabamisi katalogebi, bukletebi,
axali arqeologiuri aRmoCenebis daTvalierebiT. maT plakatebi, rukebi da sxva masalebi. turizmis sferoSi
unda Caataron gansakuTrebuli sareklamo kampania da adgilobrivma warmomadgenlebma unda Caataron saerTa-
marketinguli kvlevebi, iseTi saxis tur-produqtebis Soriso turistuli gamofenebi. qarTulma turistulma
misawodeblad, rogoricaa zRvis donidan 5000 m-is si- kompaniebma da saagentoebma aqtiuri monawileoba unda
maRlis pikze asvla, samTo mdinareebSi Tevzaoba, da- miiRon turistul konferenciebSi, kongresebsa da Sex-
savleT saqarTveloSi gamoqvabulebisa da Zveli sacx- vedrebze,
ovrebeli adgilebis daTvaliereba da kaxeTSi Rvinis saWiroa saxelmwifo dawesebulebebma da kerZo seq-
sardafis sadegustacio eqskursiebis organizeba, rac toris kompaniebma momzadebuli Sexvdnen turistul ba-
Zalze sainteresoa ara marto ucxoeli, aramed adgi- zarze TavianTi turistuli produqciis mimarT turis-
lobrivi turistebisTvisac. es aris tradiciul saku- tebis mxridan wayenebul moTxovnebs da pretenziebs.
rorto dResaswaulebze daswreba TuSeTis da svaneTis mravali potenciuri turistuli bazari Cveni qveynis
soflebSi. aRsaniSnavia, rom mTis regionebSi turistTa turistuli kompaniebisaTvis TiTqmis SeuRwevelia, amis
ganTavseba da sabaziso momsaxureba xdeba mcire da sa- gamo ver xerxdeba arsebuli SesaZleblobebis sruli
Sualo zomis saojaxo tipis sastumro saxlebSi. aseT gamoyeneba, xolo im bazrebze, sadac monawileoben Cve-
pirobebSi cxovreba stumrebs miscems adgilobrivi mo- ni qveynis kompaniebi, ar aris CarTuli maTi yvela po-
saxleobis kulturisa da tradiciebis gacnobis karg tenciuri partniori. ucxouri da adgilobrivi tur-
SesaZleblobas. produqciis fasebis urTierTSedareba imas gviCvenebs,
samamulo turistulma firmebma, adgilobriv turis- rom fasebis SedarebiT dabali doniT ufro germanuli
tul bazarze orientirebuli tur-produqtebis warmoe- tur-operatorebi arian dainteresebulni. britanuli
biTa da miwodebiT, unda daiwyon muSaoba turistuli kompaniebi turproduqtis ufro farTo seqtoris rea-
servisis donis amaRlebis mimarTulebiT. saqarTvelos lizacias ewevian, magram es informacia araa sakmarisi
saerTaSoriso turistuli produqtis marketinguli me-
1
nejmentis sqemis damuSavebisaTvis.
metreveli m. turizmi. II Tb.: 2003, gv _ 173-174.
863 864
saqarTvelos turistul paketTa saSualo dRiuri akeTebs Cveni qveynis xelisufleba qveynis turistuli
Rirebulebis Sedareba, konkurenti qveynebis turistu- industriis saerTaSoriso turistul bazarze dasam-
li kompaniebis turpaketebis saSualodRiur Rirebule- kvidreblad? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gacema SeuZlebelia
basTan, gviCvenebs Cveni qveynis turproduqtebis konku- saerTaSoriso konkurenciis porteris modelis turiz-
rentunarianobis dabal dones. maTTan SedarebiT aSka- mis dargze morgebis gareSe. porteris modeli (~erov-
raa Turquli da ruminuli tur-produqtebis konkuren- nuli rombi”) adgens oTx ZiriTad faqtors, romlebic
tunarianoba. amasTan yuradReba unda mieqces imas, rom urTierTqmedebis Sedegad gansazRvraven turizmis dar-
es ZiriTadad miRweul iqna avia-bileTebze SedarebiT gis mdgomareobas saerTaSoriso bazarze.
dabal fasTa dawesebiT, rac Cveni qveynis tur-produq- ~faqtorTa parametrebi” moicavs turistuli resur-
tebTan SedarebiT zrdis am qveynebis konkurentunaria- sebis mdgomareobas, raodenobas, mravalferovnebas, xa-
nobas. risxs, dinamikas, specializaciis donesa da sxva para-
kavkasiis regionSi saqarTvelos, Tavisi geo-politi- metrebs. turistuli firmebis strategia, struqtura
kuri mdebareobiT, saqmiani Sexvedrebisa da sakonferen- da metoqeoba gulisxmobs turistul bazarze moqmed
cio turizmis warmatebiT ganviTarebisaTvis saukeTeso kompaniaTa qcevas, maT struqturul specifikasa da ba-
pirobebi aqvs Seqmnili. arsebuli didi sastumro cen- zarze konkurenciis xarisxs. moTxovnis parametrebi
trebis qseli _ ,,Seratoni” da ,,marioti” swored aseT gansazRvravs turistul bazarze arsebuli moTxovnis
topserviszea orientirebuli. qveyanaSi gare turizmis sididesa da struqturas. monaTesave dargebi gulis-
ganviTarebis koncefciis erT-erT mniSvnelovan sakiTxs xmobs turistuli produqciis mimwodebel dargebs. tu-
unda warmoadgendes satransporto kavSirebis moculo- rizmis erovnuli rombis parametrebs Soris arsebobs
bis da xarisxis zrda. kavkasiis regionis turistul ormxrivi kavSiri. faqtorebis parametrebi gavlenas ax-
centrebs Soris aqcenti unda gakeTdes saerTaSoriso dens turistuli firmebis strategiaze, struqturasa
donis mcire da saSualo konferenciis Catarebaze. da metoqeobaze. mag., turistuli SromiTi resursebis
maRali kvalifikacia turistuli produqtis bazarze
saqarTvelos turistuli strategiis iwvevs ufro maRali donis konkurenciul aqtivobasa
ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi saerTaSoriso da mravalferovani produqtis SeTavazebas. meore
bazarze mxriv, turistul bazarze Seqmnili mZafri konkurencia
iwvevs maRali moTxovnebis wayenebas SromiTi resurse-
bis mimarT.
saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda gaataros adeqva-
moTxovnis parametrebma SeiZleba ganapirobos fir-
turi saerTaSoriso turistuli politika. msoflio
mebis strategiis, struqturisa da metoqeobis specifi-
turizmSi Cveni qveynis konkurenciul upiratesobaTa
ka. Tu qveyanaSi turistul produqtze moTxovna mkac-
gamovlenisa da konkurenciuli poziciebis gaZlierebis
ria, es aisaxeba turistuli produqciis standartebze
mizniT saqarTvelos xelisuflebam unda gamoiyenos
da firmebs Soris konkurenciaze. meore mxriv, turis-
porteris modeli. bunebrivia Cndeba aseTi kiTxva: ras
tuli firmebis mier SemuSavebulma maRalma standar-
865 866
tebma turistul produqtze SeiZleba imoqmedos moTx- parametrze. mag., saxelmwifos mier dawesebuli stan-
ovnis parametrTa cvlilebaze. firmebis strategia, dartebi zemoqmedebs rogorc tur-produqciis xaris-
struqtura da metoqeoba ganapirobebs monaTesave dar- xze, ise mis mxardamWer dargTa standartebze. agreTve
gebSi arsebul mdgomareobasac. mag., mwvave konkurenci- mTavrobis antimonopolisturi politika turistul ba-
am sastumro servisis bazarze SeiZleba gamoiwvios zarze gansazRvravs konkurenciis xarisxs. mTavroba
moTxovnebis gamkacreba iseT mxardamWer dargebSi, ro- pirdapir monawileobs turistuli infrastruqturis
goricaa TeTreulis warmoeba, sastumros programuli SeqmnaSi, icavs da aviTarebs turistul resursebs. mom-
uzrunvelyofa da a. S. meore mxriv, monaTesave (mxar- xmarebelTa uflebebis dacviT mTavroba monawileobs
damWer) dargebSi axali xarisxobrivi standartebis Ca- moTxovnis parametrTa CamoyalibebaSi.
moyalibeba jaWvurad axdens gavlenas tur-produqciis meore mxriv, erovnuli rombis yvela parametri ze-
xarisxobrivi standartebis cvlilebaze. moqmedebs samTavrobo gadawyvetilebebze. turistuli
aseTive kavSirSia erTmaneTTan faqtorebis paramet- resursebis dacva, turistebis ukmayofileba, infras-
rebi da monaTesave dargTa mdgomareobac. ganviTarebu- truqturis ganuviTarebloba, turistul kompaniaTa
li sabazro infrastruqtura ganapirobebs sameurneo mxardaWera, turistul bazarze monopolizaciis aR-
subieqtTa saqmianobis gaadvilebas ara marto turistu- mofxvra da mravali sxva problema aiZulebs mTavrobas
li produqciis bazarze, aramed mis mxardamWer dargTa gaataros sxvadasxva saxis RonisZiebebi saqarTvelos
bazrebzec. Tavis mxriv, monaTesave da mxardamWeri dar- turizmis mdgradi ganviTarebisa da saerTaSoriso tu-
gebi, tur-produqciis mwarmoebel dargebTan erTad, ristul bazrebze misTvis myari poziciebis uzrunvel-
ubiZgeben infrastruqturas swored maTTvis sasargeb- sayofad.
lo mimarTulebiT ganviTardes. aseTive kavSiri aqvs SemTxveviTobac agreTve did rols asrulebs Cveni
moTxovnis parametrsac da monaTesave dargebsac. tur- qveynis turizmis saerTaSoriso konkurentunarianobis
produqciaze moTxovnis parametri gansazRvravs para- amaRlebaze. mag., SemTxveviT aRmoCenilma arqeologiur-
metrebs mis monaTesave dargebSic. mag., turistebis kve- ma faseulobam saqarTveloSi SeiZleba gamoiwvios is-
bis produqtebis mimarT gamkacrebuli moTxovnebi toriul-kulturuli memkvidreobiT dainteresebuli
zrdis soflis meurneobisa da kvebis mrewvelobis turistebis udidesi nakadis mozidva, turistul bazar-
dargTa standartebs. meore mxriv, maRali xarisxis sak- ze mravali axali tur-operatorisa da turistuli saa-
vebis miwodebiT, agraruli da kvebis mrewvelobis dar- gentoebis amoqmedeba, sastumroebisa da gasarTobi da-
gebic sTavazoben axal standartebs tur-produqciis wesebulebebis gaaqtiureba, monaTesave (turizmis mxar-
moTxovnis parametrebs. damWer) dargebSi axal sawarmoTa Seqmna, maT Soris
erovnuli rombis gafarToebul variantSi oTx Zi- konkurenciis gamwvaveba, turizmis sferoSi kadrebis
riTad faqtors emateba ~mTavroba” da ~SemTxveviToba”. kvalifikaciis amaRleba, axali samTavrobo kapitalda-
es orive parametri aseTive ormxriv kavSirSia yvela bandebebi turistul infrastruqturaSi da a. S.
danarCen parametrebTan. mTavroba, turizmis sferoSi meore mxriv erovnuli rombis yvela parametri Se-
gatarebuli RonisZiebebiT, zemoqmedebs rombis yvela iZleba gaxdes SemTxveviTobis mizezi. mag., Cveni qveynis
867 868
turistulma saagentoebma SeiZleba moaxdinon erov- erTaderTi Sedegi, romelic rCeba qveyanas es aris gaz-
nul, istoriul da kulturul RirebulebaTa propagan- rdili fasebi. amitom turizmis dargSi investiciebis
da. saboloo jamSi SeiZleba iTqvas, rom erovnuli mozidvis mizniT mTavrobam unda mimarTos sxva meTo-
rombis elementebis erTobliv moqmedebaTa Sedegad sa- debs. erT-erTi aseTi meTodia investorTa molodinze
qarTvelos turistuli produqcia gansazRvrul ad- saxelmwifo zemoqmedeba. yvela investori dainterese-
gils iWers saerTaSoriso turistul bazarze. Cveni bulia mogebis miRebiT. amitom arcerTi investori ar
qveynis mTavrobas SeuZlia erovnuli rombis sxvadasxva daabandebs kapitals turizmis sferoSi, Tu igi ar iq-
elementze zemoqmedebis Sedegad gaaZlieros saqarTve- neba darwmunebuli imaSi, rom garkveuli drois Semdeg
los turizmis poziciebi saerTaSoriso turistul ba- turistebis nakadi iqneba iseTi masStabis, romelic uz-
zarze. runvelyofs mogebis sasurvel dones. Tu mewarmeebi da
saqarTvelos turizmis dargSi SeiZleba moxdes investorebi xedaven, rom sxvadasxva RonisZiebebis ga-
rogorc adgilobrivi, ise ucxouri investiciebis mo- tarebiT, saxelmwifo axdens turizmis dargis aqtiur
zidvac. am dros yuradReba unda gamaxvildes qobule- mxardaWeras, maSin isini darwmundebian dargis perspeq-
Tisa da anakliis turistul zonebze. am tipis zonebis tiulobaSi da daiwyeben turizmis dargSi aqtiuri sa-
Seqmna warmoadgens ucxouri investiciebis mozidvisa investicio proeqtebis realizacias.
da teqnologiuri potencialis amaRlebis efeqtiur me- qveyanaSi Seqmnili stabiluri socialur-politiku-
Tods. specialuri turistul-rekreaciuli zonebi SeiZ- ri garemoc agreTve dadebiT gavlenas axdens investor-
leba moicavdes dacul teritoriebsac. am tipis zoneb- Ta molodinze. Tu mewarmeebi xedaven, rom qveyanaSi
Si mTavroba krZalavs sasargeblo wiaRiseulis mopove- moqmedebs gamWvirvale sajaro samsaxurebi, kargadaa
bas, samrewvelo sawarmoTa agebas da a. S. am tipis zo- organizebuli adamianTa sicocxlis, janmrTelobisa
nebiT ucxoel investorTa dainteresebis (axali turis- da qonebis dacvis sistema, socialuri politika uz-
tuli obieqtebis mSeneblobisa da damatebiTi turistu- runvelyofs mosaxleobas aucilebeli saarsebo minimu-
li produqciis warmoebis) mizniT, turistul zonebSi miT, xolo sazogadoebaSi ki ar arsebobs socialuri
moqmed ekonomikur subieqtebs saxelmwifo sTavazobs daZabuloba, maSin isini iwyeben turizmis sferoSi aq-
sxvadasxva saxis sagadasaxado SeRavaTebsa da forma- tiur kapitaldabandebas. investorTa molodinze zemoq-
lobebis gamartivebas. medebis erT-erT saSualebas warmoadgens savaluto
ucxouri investiciebis mozidvis erT-erTi efeqtu- kursis stabiluroba. naklebad meryevi savaluto kur-
ri meTodia sargeblis ganakveTis Semcirebis saxelmwi- sebis dros investors ar mouwevs savaluto riskebisa-
fo mxardaWera, rac zrdis zonaSi dabandebuli inves- gan TavdacvisaTvis mniSvnelovani xarjebis gaweva. in-
ticiebis moculobas. iafi fulis politikis gatarebas, vestorTa molodinze dadebiTi zegavlenis kidev erTi
erovnuli warmoebis gadidebasTan erTad, SeiZleba moh- saSualebaa maTTvis samarTlebrivi garantiebis micema.
yves inflacia. drois grZelvadian periodSi saqonlisa Tu investors ar emuqreba nacionalizaciis an eqsprop-
da fulis bazrebis urTierTqmedebaTa Sedegad warmoe- riaciis safrTxe, Tu mas SeuZlia turizmis sferoSi
bis moculoba ubrundeba mis Tavdapirvel dones, da miRebuli mogebis qveynidan Tavisuflad gatana, maSin
869 870
igi ufro aqtiurad daiwyebs turizmis sferoSi kapi- manZilze mag., 10 wlisaTvis, saSualowliuri procentu-
taldabandebas. li maCvenebeli. 1
mTavrobis saerTaSoriso turistuli politikis
efeqtianoba ganisazRvreba saerTaSoriso turistuli saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos
nakadebis nazrdis SefardebiT mTavrobis saerTaSori-
integrirebis xelSemwyobi RonisZiebani
so turistul RonisZiebebze gaweuli xarjebis naz-
rdis procentul maCvenebelTan. mTavrobis mier gan-
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos aqtiuri in-
xorcielebuli saerTaSoriso turistuli politika ma-
tegrirebisa da misTvis Rirseuli adgilis mopovebis
Sin aris efeqturi, Tu mocemuli Tanafardoba erTze
mizniT saWiroa gatardes mTeli rigi RonisZiebani. ker-
metia, rac imas niSnavs, rom mTavrobis mier daxarju-
Zod, saWiroa turistul firmebze gaweuli iqnes aqtiu-
li Tanxebis 1%-iT zrda iwvevs turistebis ufro meti
ri saxelmwifo mxardaWera turistuli infrastruqtu-
%-iT zrdas.
ris (turistuli saagentoebis da tur-operatorebis,
saqarTvelos mTavrobam SeiZleba dRes daxarjos
sastumroebis, kvebisa da savaWro sawarmoebis, komuni-
garkveuli Tanxa saerTaSoriso turistul RonisZieba-
kaciebis sanatoriumebisa da turistebis uSualo gan-
ze, xolo Sedegi 4-5 an ufro meti wlis Semdeg miiRos.
Tavsebis adgilebis, aeroportebis, vagzlebis, porte-
amdenad, araswori iqneba, Tu movaxdenT Cveni qveynis
bis da sxvaTa) ganviTarebasa da saTanado materialur-
mTavrobis danaxarjebisa da turistuli nakadebis maxa-
teqnikuri bazis CamoyalibebaSi. kerZod, turizmze sa-
siaTeblebis Sedarebas mxolod erTi wlis monacemebis
xelmwifos mxridan mxardamWer RonisZiebaTa ricxvs ga-
safuZvelze. mTavrobis danaxarjebi drois xanmokle
nekuTvneba: samTavrobo grantebi, daxmareba proeqtis
intervalSi aSkarad didia, mogvianebiT es xarjebi
dafinansebaSi, sesxis garantiebi, wilobrivi monawile-
mcirdeba, xolo turistuli nakadebidan miRebuli Se-
oba, adgilobrivi wilis gadacvla samTavrobo valze,
mosavlebi ki rogorc drois xanmokle, ise xangrZliv
am dargSi licenziebis gacemis liberaluri politikis
periodSi erTidaigive proporciiT, uwyvetad, mdgra-
gatareba, sagadasaxado ganakveTebis Semcireba, turis-
dad, geometriuli progresiiT izrdeba. dgeba momenti,
tuli firmebisaTvis komunaluri momsaxurebis fasebis
rodesac mzardi turistuli Semosavlebi faravs ara
subsidireba. saqarTveloSi turizmis daCqarebuli tem-
marto mimdinare danaxarjs, aramed igi gadafaravs
pebiT ganviTarebisaTvis didi mniSvneloba aqvs sainves-
sawyis etapze mTavrobis mier daxarjul kolosalur
ticio garemos biurokratiuli aparatis gavlenisagan
Tanxebsac. amdenad, mTavrobis saerTaSoriso turistu-
gaTavisuflebas da sahaero transportis funqcionire-
li politikis efeqtianobis maCvenebeli moiTxovs gar-
bas.
kveul modificirebas. nacvlad yovelwliuri monaceme-
bisa, SeiZleba moyvanili iqnes grZelvadiani periodis
1 Caganava p. turizmis politika. gamomcemloba ùniversali”.
Tbilisi, 2012, gv.-327;
871 872
sadReisod gadaudebel RonisZiebaTa rigs Seadgens feba mniSvnelobisa da Sesrulebis vadebis mixedviT,
kulturuli memkvidreobis Senaxvis meTodologiis unda gaiweros maTi Sesruleba saxelmwifos mier mkac-
kompleqsuri teritoriuli programis SemuSaveba, gan- rad dadgenili grafikiT. unda moxdes erovnuli tu-
sakuTrebiT dasacavi istoriuli Zeglebisa da terito- rizmis maregulirebeli kanonebis evropulTan daaxlo-
riebis sistemaTa formireba, kulturuli memkvidreo- eba.
bis dacvis sferos kartografiuli uzrunvelyofa, saerTaSoriso bazarze Cveni qveynis turistul Se-
tradiciuli kulturis Seswavla, rac Zalze aqtualur saZleblobaTa Sesaxeb informaciis gavrcelebis da
problemas warmoadgens kulturuli memkvidreobis Ses- turistebis nakadis gadidebis mizniT, saWiroa mTavro-
wavlis saqmeSi. 1 bam mimarTos sxvadasxva saxis sareklamo saqmianobas.
saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis saerTaSoriso masmediaSi ganxorcielebuli sareklamo
daCqarebisa da misi aRricxvianobis mowesrigebis miz- kampania unda moicavdes qveynis turistul SesaZleb-
niT saWiroa adgilobrivi turistuli bazris libera- lobaTa reklamirebas saerTaSoriso an miznobrivi
lizacia, rac SesaZlebelia miRweuli iqnes erTiani bazris qveynebis masmediaSi satelivizio da saJurnale
turistuli politikis SemuSavebiTa da realizaciiT. reklamis, satelivizio da beWdviT mediaSi siuJetebis,
am miznis miRwevisaTvis saWiroa etapobrivad ganxorci- specializebuli gadacemebis da sxva meTodebis meSveo-
eldes aviagadazidvebis liberalizacia, saerTaSoriso biT. amgvar RonisZiebaTa mizani unda iyos qveynis tu-
turistul samarTalTan Cveni qveynis erovnuli turis- ristuli mimzidvelobis gazrda potenciur vizitoreb-
tuli kanonmdeblobis SesabamisobaSi moyvana, turistu- Si.
li firmebis licenzirebis erTiani sistemis SemuSave- Cveni qveynis turistuli potencialis Sesaxeb sain-
ba, turistebis fuladi saxsrebis dacvis efeqturi sis- formacio gamWvirvalobis amaRlebis erT-erT mniSvne-
temis Seqmna, turistebis saCivrebis ganmxilveli ar- lovan saSualebas unda warmoadgendes agreTve gacno-
bitraJis Camoyalibeba, adgilobrivi turistuli kompa- biTi turebis organizeba. igi unda ganaxorcielos Se-
niebis mier turebze pasuxismgeblobis aReba da dajav- sabamisma saxelmwifo samsaxurma turistuli saagento-
Snis saerTaSoriso sistemis amuSaveba. ebis, tur-operatorebisa da masmediis warmomadgenlebi-
turizmis momijnave dargebSi SemoRebuli unda iq- saTvis. amgvar turebs SeiZleba mohyves turizmis sfe-
nes xarisxis maregulirebeli erTiani standartebi da roSi adgilobriv da ucxoel mewarmeebs Soris kavSir-
Seiqmnas Sromis erTiani bazari. Cveni qveynisaTvis, ro- urTierTobaTa damyareba. qveynis turistul SesaZleb-
melmac miznad evrokavSirSi gawevrianeba daisaxa, uaR- lobaTa reklamirebis saukeTeso saSualebas unda war-
resad didi mniSvneloba aqvs zemoT moyvanili rekomen- moadgendes saerTaSoriso turistul gamofenebSi mona-
daciebis gaTvaliswinebas. saWiroa moxdes maTi dajgu- wileoba. amgvar gamofenebze unda moxdes samTavrobo
struqturebis, tur-agentebisa da tur-operatorebis
1 CelebaZe n. turistuli biznesis istoriul-kulturuli saqmiani Sexvedrebi da turizmTan dakavSirebuli sa-
resursi da misi ganviTarebis perspeqtivebi. aWaris socialur- kiTxebis ganxilva. saqarTveloSi msgavsi tipis saerTa-
ekonomikuri problemebi (XII). gamomceloba `SoTa rusTavelis Soriso turistuli gamofenebis organizebiT xelisuf-
saxelmwifo universiteti”, baTumi, 2010, gv: _ 111.
873 874
leba saerTaSoriso turistul bazarze Cvens qveyanas xelSekrulebebsa da organizaciebSi Cveni qveynis wev-
Seuqmnis dadebiT imijs. roba. iseTi organizaciis wevroba, rogoricaa turiz-
saerTaSoriso turistul nakadebze zegavlena SeiZ- mis msoflio organizacia da masTan mimarTebaSi or-
leba moxdes aseve veb-gverdebis meSveobiT. is unda mo- mxriv xelSekrulebaTa gaformeba Cvens qveyanas miscems
icavdes informacias veb-gverdis mflobeli kompaniis, turizmis sferoSi sxvadasxva saxis sargeblis miRebis
qveynisa da regionis bunebriv-kulturul RirsSesaniS- SesaZleblobas.. am tipis organizaciebSi wevroba Cvens
naobaTa Sesaxeb, agreTve saprivatizacio turistuli qveyanas agreTve miscems msoflio turistuli gamocdi-
obieqtebis Sesaxeb da a. S. turistul nakadebze iribi lebis xelmisawvdomobas, warmatebuli turistuli po-
zemoqmedebis meTods unda warmoadgendes popularuli litikis meqanizmis gadmoRebis SesaZleblobas.
dokumentacia, romelic unda moicavdes qveynis buneb- ormxriv da mravalmxriv xelSekrulebaTa fargleb-
riv da kulturul RirebulebaTa Sesaxeb samecniero-- Si Cvenma qveyanam SeiZleba moawesrigos saerTaSoriso
kvleviTi filmebis momzadebasa da gadacemas. turis- turistuli nakadebis statistika. sxvadasxva saxis or-
tul nakadebze iribi zemoqmedebis kidev erT meTodad mxriv da mravalmxriv xelSekrulebebSi da saerTaSo-
SeiZleba gamoyenebuli iqnes xelovneba. mas SeiZleba riso turistul organizaciebSi Cveni qveynis monawi-
mivakuTvnoT qveynis kulturis dReebi sazRvargareT da leoba saqarTvelos miscems agreTve sxva qveynebis tu-
piriqiT, saerTaSoriso musikaluri festivalebis mowy- ristuli bazrebis aTvisebis SesaZleblobas. ormxriv
oba Cvens qveyanaSi da a. S. da mravalmxriv xelSekrulebebSi monawileobiT saqar-
saqarTveloSi ucxoeli turistebis nakadis gadi- Tvelom SeiZleba ganaxorcielos garemos dacviTi da
debis kidev erT saSualebas unda warmoadgendes qvey- kulturuli RonisZiebebi. mag., Savi zRvis auzis qvey-
nis SigniT da sazRvargareT turistuli centrebis Ca- nebma, erToblivi dafinansebis meSveobiT, SeiZleba ga-
moyalibeba. ucxoeTSi gaxsnili turistuli centrebi naxorcielon Savi zRvis faunisa da ekologiuri mdgo-
dakavebulni unda iyos Cveni qveynis turistuli SesaZ- mareobis SenarCunebis proeqtebi.
leblobebis reklamirebiT, xolo qveynis SigniT Seq- saerTaSoriso turistul organizaciebSi monawi-
mnili turistuli centrebi aq Camosul ucxoel tu- leobiT saqarTvelom SeiZleba miaRwios turistuli
ristebs unda uwyobdnen xels orientirebaSi. yvela ze- momsaxurebis erTian standartebs, danergos turistu-
moT aRniSnuli funqcia SeiZleba ganaxorcielos Cveni li produqciis Semadgeneli elementebisadmi sayovel-
qveynis turistulma sajaro samsaxurebma. turistuli Taod miRebuli normativebi, riTac igi Seuwyobs xels
centrebis Seqmnisa da funqcionirebis mizans unda war- sakuTari turistuli produqtis konkurentunarianobis
moadgendes ucxoeTisa da turistul organizaciebs zrdas. saerTaSoriso turistul organizaciebTan Ta-
Soris kavSirebisa da TanamSromlobis xelSewyoba, sa- namSromlobiT saqarTvelom SeiZleba SemoiRos Tavisu-
qarTvelos turistuli potencialis reklamireba. fali mimosvlis reJimi. swored am mizans unda emsaxu-
saqarTveloSi turizmis ganviTarebis xelSemwyob rebodes turizmis sferoSi xelSekrulebebis gaforme-
erT-erT mniSvnelovan faqtorad SeiZleba gamoyenebu- ba.
li iqnes saerTaSoriso turistul konferenciebSi,
875 876
saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTarebi- saxelmwifoebrivi regulirebis gaZliereba, turistu-
saTvis saWiroa SekeTdes gzebi, moxdes Cveni qveynis li kompaniebis interesebis dacva. am mxriv ki Cvens qve-
reklamireba da swori marketingi. turistebisaTvis un- yanaSi marTlac rom mravali problemaa gadasaWreli.
da Seiqmnas ufro meti infrastruqtura. saqarTveloSi saqarTveloSi, turizmis ganviTarebis sferoSi arsebu-
turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis agreTve saWiroa gzebze li problemebis gamovlenisa da gadaWris, saerTaSori-
moZraobis wesebis dacva, unda gakeTdes quCebSi abrebi so turizmSi Cveni qveynis aqtiurad CarTvis, turizmis
inglisur enaze, saWiroa meti sisufTave qalaqis quCeb- ganviTarebaze xelisuflebis aqtiuri mxardaWeris, Se-
sa da bunebaSi, unda gaumjobesdes momsaxureba sastum- sabamisi infrastruqturis formirebis, turizmis mare-
roebSi, gaizardos ucxouri enis floba (sastumroeb- gulirebeli samarTlebrivi sistemis mowesrigebis da
Si, aeroportSi, maRaziebSi...), saWiroa sastumroebis turistuli kompaniebis saqmianobis srulyofis mizniT,
ricxvis zrda Tbilisis gareT, unda arsebobdes tu- saWiroa gatardes Semdegi RonisZiebani:
ristuli sainformacio centrebi, saWiroa amoqmeddes 1. Tavdapirvelad Cvens qveyanaSi miRweuli unda iq-
ufro meti patara sastumro, romelic yvela tipis tu- nes politikur-ekonomikur stabilurobas, raTa saqar-
ristisTvis iqneba xelmisawvdomi. Tvelom moipovos mSvidobiani qveynis imiji; imavdrou-
amasTan erTad, saWiroa gaiafdes sastumroTa servi- lad saWiroa SemuSavdes turizmis ganviTarebis xel-
si, gaumjobesdes satransporto kavSirebi regionebs Sewyobis erTiani saxelmwifo strategia, romelic un-
Soris, unda arsebobdes ufro meti turebi inglisur da moicavdes saerTaSoriso standartebis materialur-
enaze, saWiroa gaumjobesdes satransporto sistema, da- teqnikuri bazis Seqmnas;
wesdes ganrigi, imavdroulad unda ganviTardes in- 2. unda SemuSavdes da realizebuli iqnes turizmis
frastruqtura zamTris kurortebze, gaizardos xaris- sareklamo-sainformacio programebi, risTvisac saWi-
xiani suvenirebis maRaziebis ricxvi, unda moxdes isto- roa Seiqmnas saqarTvelos tur-produqciis Sesaxeb sa-
riuli Senobebis restavracia, saWiroa ganviTardes ag- informacio katalogebi, bukletebi, plakatebi, rukebi
ro- da ekoturizmi, unda mowesrigdes sazogadeobrivi da sxva masalebi. turizmis sferoSi adgilobrivma
tualetebi, unda moxdes turistuli saagentoebisa da warmomadgenlebma unda Caataron saerTaSoriso turis-
turistebisaTvis saWiro informaciiT uzrunvelyofa tuli gamofenebi;
aeroportSi, unda aRdges socialuri Tanasworoba da 3. saWiroa amaRldes turistuli servisis xarisxi.
sxva. rogorc aq moyvanili analizidan Cans, Cvens qveya- unda moxdes turizmis dargSi ucxouri investiciebis
naSi turizmis ganviTarebis pirobebis gasaumjobeseb- mozidvis stimulireba;
lad saWiroa qveynis swori reklamireba da turistuli 4. aucileblad unda gamoiZebnos saqarTveloSi tu-
infrastruqturis Seqmna. rizmis saerTaSoriso reklamirebisa da marketingis
amrigad, saqarTveloSi Seqmnili mZime ekonomikuri dafinansebisaTvis saWiro Sesabamisi finansuri wyaroe-
viTarebis miuxedavad, Cveni qveynis turistul -rekrea- bi, romlis gareSec SeuZlebelia saerTaSoriso tu-
ciuli potencialiT bevri ucxouri kompaniaa dainte- rizmis mZafr konkurenciul bazrebze Cveni qveynis tu-
resebuli. swored, aseT viTarebaSia saWiro turizmis ristuli produqciis damkvidreba;
877 878
5. saWiroa Cveni qveynis xelisuflebis mier gaTva- frastruqtura WirdebaT. am TvalsazrisiT, mniSvnelo-
liswinebuli iqnes turizmiT ganviTarebul qveynebSi vania turizmis iseTi politikis gatareba, romelic
turistuli firmebis marTvis menejeruli gamocdile- agebuli iqneba turistuli momsaxurebis xarisxisa da
ba, am sferoSi arsebul erovnul, specifikur Tavisebu- standartis uzrunvelyofaze, saqarTvelosaTvis metad
rebaTa dacviT. adgilobrivma turistulma kompaniebma aqtualuria turizmis msoflio organizaciasTan aqti-
aqtiuri monawileoba unda miiRon saerTaSoriso tu- uri TanamSromloba, romlis farglebSic unda moxdes
ristul konferenciebze, kongresebsa da Sexvedrebze; turizmis saerTaSoriso regulirebis mimarTulebaTa
6. unda gamartivdes sabaJo formalobani, risTvi- gansazRvra, radganac saerTaSoriso TanamSromlobis
sac saWiroa turistuli motiviT mogzaurTaTvis Seiq- pirobebSi turizmis ganviTarebis dros xdeba gamocdi-
mnas biurokratiuli barierebisagan Tavisufaali savi- lebisa da daxmarebis miReba.
zo reJimi. Cvens qveyanaSi turistuli potencialis maq- Sesabamisad, turizmis msoflio organizaciaSi sa-
simalurad amoqmedebis mizniT, saWiroa Camoyalibdes qarTvelos monawileoba Zalian did SesaZleblobebs
saqarTvelos ekonomikis iseTi dargobrivi struqtura, gvTavazobs turizmis politikis, aRniSnul sferoSi
romelic mTeli ZalisxmeviT aamoqmedebs Cveni qveynis saerTaSoriso da erovnuli proeqtebis efeqtianad Se-
sawarmoo SesaZleblobebs da miesadageba msoflio tu- muSavebisa da ganxorcielebis TvalsazrisiT. kongrese-
ristul moTxovnebs; bis da konferenciebis evropul; federaciasTan saqar-
7. imavdroulad unda moxdes turizmTan mWidro Tvelos TanamSromlobis gaRrmavebis mizniT saWiroa
kavSirSi myof dargTa gamokveTa da maTi ganviTarebi- Cvens qveyanaSi arsebobdes Sexvedrebis maorganizebeli
saTvis saxelmwifos mxridan xelsayreli pirobebis dawesebulebebi.
Seqmna. mTavrobam xeli unda Seuwyos Cveni qveynisaTvis saqarTveloSi turizmis, rogorc calkeul raion-
momgebiani turistuli kavSirebis damyarebas, SeimuSa- Ta ganviTarebis faqtoris, gamoyeneba unda moxdes sa-
os swori turistuli politika, gansazRvros turistu- mizne kompleqsuri programebis realizaciis fargleb-
li biznesis ganviTarebis potenciali, xeli Seuwyos Si. ucxoeli turistebis saqarTveloSi mogzaurobis,
mis gamoyenebas da a. S. sastumroebsa da sxva turitul obieqtebSi momsaxure-
bas axorcielebs mTlianad kerZo seqtori. saerTaSori-
so turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis daCqarebisa da
reziume: misi aRricxvianobis mowesrigebis mizniT unda moxdes
adgilobrivi turistuli bazris liberalizacia, rac
amrigad, saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganviTarebis SesaZlebelia miRweuli iqnes erTiani turistuli po-
strategiul mimarTulebebSi turizmi mniSvnelovan litikis SemuSavebiTa da realizaciiT.
prioritetad gvevlineba. saqarTvelos didi potenciu- turizmis momijnave dargebSi SemoRebuli unda iq-
ri SesaZleblobebi aqvs turistebis mimRebi qveynis nas xarisxis maregulirebeli erTiani standartebi. sa-
statusis mosapoveblad, Tumca civilizebuli qveynebi- qarTvelos socialur-ekonomikuri ganviTarebis Tana-
dan Camosul turistebs maRali klasis servisi da in- medrove etapze, Tavisi resursuli potencialiT, tu-
879 880
rizmis dargs gaaCnia ganviTarebis didi SesaZlebloba, nebismier qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebisaTvis ga-
romlis asamoqmedeblad saWiroa mecnierul doneze damwyveti mniSvneloba aqvs msoflios mTavar turis-
Seswavlili iqnes qveynis turistul-sakurorto resur- tul bazarTan _ evropasTan mis teritoriul siaxlo-
sebi. Cvens qveyanaSi turizmis ganviTarebis aucilebe- ves. am TvalsazrisiT saqarTvelos udavod xelsayreli
li pirobaa usafrTxoeba da qveynis imiji. am mxriv, sa- geopolitikuri mdebareoba gaaCnia. kavkasiis regionSi
Wiroa mSvidobianad mogvardes konfliqturi situacia saqarTvelos Tavisi geopolitikuri mdebareobiT, saq-
ruseTTan. miani Sexvedrebis da sakonferencio turizmis warmate-
saerTaSoriso turizmSi Cveni qveynis aqtiuri Car- biT ganviTarebisaTvis saukeTeso pirobebi aqvs Seqmni-
Tva Zalze perspeqtiulia krizisSi myofi ekonomikis li. saqarTveloSi turizmis Semdgomi ganviTarebisaT-
dargebis kompleqsuri aRmavlobisTvis, radganac tu- vis saWiroa kerZo seqtorSi aSendes axali tipis xuT-
rizms gaaCnia multiplikaciuri efeqti ekonomikis varskvlaviani sastumroebi. saqarTvelos xelisuflebam
sxva, turizmTan korelaciaSi myofi dargebis ganviTa- xeli unda Seuwyos samamulo turistuli RirsSesaniS-
rebis xelSewyobis sferoSi. Tanamedrove saerTaSori- naobebis msoflio turistul bazarze reklamirebas.
so turizmi sainformacio da kompiuteruli teqnolo-
giebis danergvis safuZvelze, swrafi ganviTarebis fa- ZiriTadi terminologia:
zaSi Sevida. - haagis deklaracia;
saqarTvelos statistikurma samsaxurebma gansakuT- - turistuli servisis xarisxi da standarti;
rebuli yuradReba unda gaamaxvilon ucxoeTidan Semo- - ~turizmis statistikis srultofa”;
suli turistebis mier gaweuli danaxarjebis aRricxva- - turizmis politika;
ze, radganac swored am tipis turistuli xarjebi war- - kongresebisa da konferenciebis federacia;
moadgens erovnuli Semosavlebis, multiplikaciuri - samizne programebis realizacia;
efeqtiT, zrdis ZiriTad wyaros. turizmis aRricxvis - turizmis ganviTarebis strategia;
sferoSi saerTaSoriso meTodologiis gamoyeneba mniS- - kulturuli memkvidreoba;
vnelovania TviT turistebisa da turistuli kompanie- - samizne turistuli bazari;
bis informirebisaTvis, radganac am meTodologiaSi - turistebis aRricxvianobis sistema;
detalurad aris aRwerili, Tu ra SemTxvevaSi SeiZle- - turizmis informaciuli uzrunvelyofa;
ba CaiTvalos esa Tu is saqmianoba turistulad. saer- - Rvinis turizmi;
TaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos integrirebis daCqa- - saojaxo turizmi;
rebisa da misi aRricxvianobis mosawesrigeblad saWi- - satelituri angariSgebis sistema.
roa moxdes saerTaSoriso standartebis Sesabamisi tu-
rizmis statistikuri aRricxvis meTodologiis daner-
gva, satelituri angariSgebis formebis damtkiceba da
amoqmedeba.
881 882
testebi:
1. saqarTvelo turizmis msoflio organizaciis wevri 7. biujetSi turizmidan Semosavali gaizrdeba:
aris: a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
a) 1993 wlidan; b) 2003 wlidan; d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
g) 1983 wlidan; d) 1999 wlidan.
8. turizmis eqsportidan Semosavali gaizrdeba:
2. turizmis msoflio organizaciasTan aqtiurad Tanam- a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
Sromlobs: d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
a) turistebi;
b) saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagento; 9. turizmSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaizrdeba:
g) kerZo tur-operatorebi; a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
d) kerZo turistuli saagentoebi. d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
3. turizmis msoflio organizaciam turizmis qartia 10. sxva dargebSi dasaqmebulTa raodenoba gaizrdeba:
da turizmis kodeqsi gaaforma: a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
a) 1989 wlis aprilSi; d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
b) 1985 wlis seqtemberSi;
g) 1994 wlis 27 ianvars;
d) 987 wlis 24 marts.
4. turizmis multiplikatur efeqts gansazRvravs:

a) diversifikaciis maRali done;
b) dargTaSorisi kompleqsis maRali done;
g) diversifikaciis dabali done;
d) dargTaSorisi kompleqsis dabali done;
5. 2010 welTan SedarebiT, 2015 wels Cvens qveyanaSi Se-

mosul turistTa raodenoba gaizrdeba:
a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
6. turizmidan miRebuli Semosavali gaizrdeba:

a) 1,55-jer; b) 1,79-jer; g) 2,85-jer;
d) 2,48-jer; e) 2,75-jer; v) 4,28-jer.
883 884
risa da industriis ganviTarebis dabali done, kon-
daskvna fliqtebis ganaxlebis saSiSroeba afxazeTis regionsa
da samxreT oseTSi, Cveni qveynis turistuli potencia-
amrigad, saerTaSoriso turizmi aris Tanamedrove lis Sesaxeb msoflio turistul bazrebze saqarTve-
msoflio ekonomikis aRmavlobis ganmsazRvreli erT- los turizmis erovnuli saagentos, turistul kompani-
erTi mniSvnelovani strategiuli dargi, romelsac ga- ebisa da sareklamo saagentoebis mier, internet-teqno-
aCnia arsebobisa da ganviTarebis xangrZlivi istoria. logiebisa da satelituri satelevizio-sakabelo arxe-
saerTaSoriso turizmis sferoSi moqmedi kanonzomie- biT informaciis araefeqturad gavrceleba da a. S.
rebis, am dargSi arsebuli potencialis gamovlenisa saerTaSoriso turizmSi saqarTvelos aqtiuri in-
da amoqmedebis mizniT XX saukunis ganmavlobaSi mecni- tegrirebis mizniT, saWirod migvaCnia, am dargSi gatar-
erebis am dargSi moRvawe, msoflios wamyvani mecnier-e- des Semdegi RonisZiebani:
konomistebis mier dadginda saerTaSoriso turizmis 1. amierkavkasiis progresuli sazogadoebisagan da-
kvlevis meTodologiuri aspeqtebi, damuSavda misi Sem- kompleqtebuli jgufis mier unda moxdes saerTo eko-
swavleli Teoriuli safuZvlebi: moTxovna-miwodebis nomikuri, kulturuli, religiuri da istoriuli inte-
kanoni, engelis kanoni, snobis efeqti, veblenis efeqti, resebis gamovlenis, urTierTgaziarebis gaTvaliswine-
multiplikatoris efeqti, gulgrilobis mrudi, elas- bis safuZvelze dabalansebuli regionuli politikisa
tiurobis koeficienti da a. S. da erToblivi sainvesticio-ekonomikuri proeqtebis ga-
saerTaSoriso turizmis industriaSi Zalian didi tareba;
potencialia Tavmoyrili. misi adgili da roli msof- 2. saWiroa saqarTvelos turizmis erovnuli saagen-
lio ekonomikaSi ganuzomlad maRalia. turizmis meSve- tos, turistuli da sareklamo kompaniebis mier ufro
obiT ekonomikis ayvaveba SeZlo iseTma qveynebma, rogo- srulyofilad iqnes gamoyenebuli internet-teqnologi-
ricaa: aSS, safrangeTi, germania, italia, TurqeTi, ebi _ unda Seiqmnas yvela tur-operatoris veb-gverde-
bulgareTi, rumineTi da sxva saxelmwifoebi, rac imaze bi, sadac unda ganTavsdes Cveni qveynis yvela saxis tu-
metyvelebs, rom turistuli infrastruqturisa da Se- ristuli RirsSesaniSnaoba: istoriul-kulturuli Zeg-
sabamisad turizmis saTanado doneze ganviTarebis Se- lebi, muzeumebi, cnobil sazogado-moRvaweTa saxl-mu-
degad, qveyanas SeuZlia uzrunvelyos erovnuli ekono- zeumebi, rekreaciul-barneologiuri kurortebis peiza-
mikis maRali tempiT ganviTareba. saerTaSoriso turiz- Jebi da a. S;
mis ganviTarebis TvalsazrisiT, saqarTvelo gawevria- 3. ufro srulyofilad unda iqnes warmodgenili
nebulia turizmis msoflio organizaciaSi. igi Tanam- Cveni qveynis kurortebis samkurnalo-gamajansaRebeli
Sromlobs sxvadasxva saxis zogad da dargobriv msof- Tvisebebi, mTisa da baris lamazi peizaJebi, Savi zRvis
lio, specializebul turistul organizaciebTan. sanapiroebi, qarTuli sufris Rirseba, erovnuli kerZe-
saqarTveloSi saerTaSoriso turizmis ganviTare- bi, stumarT-maspinZlobis tradiciebi. sazRvargareTis
bis xelSemSlel faqtorebs ganekuTvneba politikur-e- qveynebis satelevizio sivrceSi reklamis ganTavsebis
konomikuri arastabiluroba, turizmis infrastruqtu- mizniT unda gamoiZebnos finansuri saxsrebi da a. S.
885 886
18.
gamoyenebuli literatura: metreveli m. turizmis biznesi (industria, menejmenti, mar-
ketingi). gamomcemloba ~siaxle”. Tbilis, 2011;
19. metreveli m. turistul terminTa inglisur-qarTuli gan-
1. aWaris socialur-ekonomikuri problemebi (XII). gamomcemlo-
ba ~SoTa rusTavelis saxelmwifo universiteti”, baTumi, martebiTi leqsikoni. 2006 w;
20. metreveli m. turizmi. gamomc. ~siaxle”, Tb:, 2003. gv:256;
2010, gv.: _ 189;
2. 21. metreveli m. turizmi da garemos dacva. gamomcemloba Sps.
babunaSvili g. saqarTvelos bunebrivi resursebis raciona-
luri gamoyenebis problemebi. Tbilisi, 2000; ~forma”. Tbilisi, 2008, gv. 203;
3. 22. metreveli m. turizmisa da stumarTmaspinZlobis safuZvle-
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26. papava v. postkomunisturi kapitalizmis politikuri ekono-
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889 890
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publikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi Tanam-
Sromlobis ganmaxorcielebeli programa, romelic Za-
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3. memorandumi saqarTvelos ekonomikuri ganvi-
Tarebisa da latviis \ekonomikis saministros Soris
turizmis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic
ZalaSia 2009 wlis 16 seqtembridan;
4. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos aRmasrulebel xel-
isuflebasa da ruseTis federaciis mTavrobas Soris
turizmis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic
ZalaSia saqarTvelos prezidentis 2003 wlis 7 ianvris
#2 brZanebulebiT;
5. memorandumi saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas
da azerbaijanis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turiz-
mis dargSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia
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6. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos aRmasrulebel xelisuf-
lebasa da azerbaijanis mTavrobas Soris turizmis
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7. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da bulgare-
Tis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis dargSi
TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis 8
seqtembridan;
897 898
8. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da ukrainis 15. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobas da italiis
mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi TanamSromlobis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis dargSi Tanam-
Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1997 wlis 28 oqtombridan; Sromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1997 wlis 9
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saxelmwifo departamentsa da ukrainis saxelmwifo 16. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da yir-
sazRvris dacvis saqmeTa saxelmwifo komitets Soris gizeTis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sfe-
saqarTvelosa da ukrainis sasazRvro jarebis samxed- roSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1997
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kurortuli mkurnalobisa da dasvenebis sferoSi Ta- 17. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da saberZne-
namSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1997 wlis 14 Tis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi
oqtombridan; TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis 3
10. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas Tebervlidan;
da CineTis saxalxo respublikis mTavrobas Soris tu- 18. memorandumi saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da yazaxe-
rizmis sferoSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic Tis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis dargSi
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saxalxo respublikis mTavrobas Soris uvizo jgufuri 19. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da litvis
turistuli mgzavrobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1994 respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi Ta-
wlis 4 Tebervlidan; namSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1999 wlis 29
12. SeTanxmeba CineTis saxalxo respublikis sa- aprilidan;
nZian-uiguris avtonomiuri raionis turistul sammarT- 20. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobasa da rumine-
velos, saqarTvelos turizmis da kurortebis saxel- Tis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi TanamSromlo-
mwifo departamentsa da saqarTvelos sahaero trans- bis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis 23 martidan;
portis departaments Soris, romelic ZalaSia 1997 21. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavrobas
wlis 20 ivnisidan; da israelis saxelmwifos mTavrobas Soris individua-
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ZalaSia 1995 wlis 4 seqtembridan; sa da TurqeTis respublikis mTavrobas Soris turiz-
14. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos mTavrobas da uzbekeTis mis dargSi TanamSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia
respublikis mTavrobas Soris turizmis sferoSi Ta- 1994 wlis 16 maisidan;
namSromlobis Sesaxeb, romelic ZalaSia 1998 wlis 12 23. SeTanxmeba saqarTvelos respublikis mTavroba-
agvistodan; sa da TurqmeneTis mTavrobas Soris turizmis dargSi
899 900
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1993 wlis 19 maisidan; 4. 20-23 ianvars fineTSi (helsinqSi) _ `MATKA”;
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1993 wlis 20 ianvridan; 8. 3-5 noembers CexeTSi (praRaSi) _ MADI;
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adgilTa sanitaruli dacvis zonebis Sesaxeb; Tavi IV. 1. a); 2. a) da b); 3. e); 4. z).
3. kanoni qobuleTis Tavisufali turistuli zonis Tavi V. 1. b); 2. d); 3. a); 4. g).
ganviTarebis xelSewyobis Sesaxeb; Tavi VI. 1. d); 2. e); 3. d); 4. d); 5. a); 6) b); 7. g); 8. d).
3. kanoni saqarTvelos kurortebis, sakurorto ad- Tavi VII. 1. g); 2. b); 3. d); 4. g); 5. a).
gilebis, samTo-saTxilamuro centrebis da Savi zRvis Tavi VIII. 1. b); 2. b); 3. a); 4. b); 5. d). 6. a); 7. g); 8. b).
sanapiros teritoriebisaTvis sarekreacio teritoriis Tavi IX. 1. a); 2. d); 3. b); 4. g).
statusis miniWebisa da sazRvrebis damtkicebis Sesa- Tavi X. 1. d); 2. a); 3. a); 4. b); 5. g).
xeb, romelic ZalaSia saqarTvelos prezidentis 2005 Tavi XI. 1. a); 2. d); 3. a); 4. d); 5. g); 6. g).
wlis 29 noembris #968 brZanebulebiT;1 Tavi XII. 1. b); 2. a); 3. g); 4. b).
Tavi XIII. 1. a); 2. b); 3. g); 4. d).
Tavi XIV. 1. g); 2. b); 3. e); 4. a).
Tavi XV. 1. g); 2. a); 3. d); 4. b).
Tavi XVI. 1. a); 2. b); 3. b); 4. a) da b); 5. a); 6. b) 7. g);
8. d); 9. e); 10. v).
1 Caganava p. turizmis politika. gamomcemloba ùniversali”.
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903

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daviT qaTamaZe UDC (uak) 338.48+796.

naSromi Sedgeba sami ZiriTadi nawilisagan. I nawilSi gan-

(meore Sevsebuli gamocema)

redaqtori: rostom beriZe - ekonomikis doqtori, baTumis

recenzentebi: paata Caganava - ekonomikis doqtori, baTu-

Reviewers: Doctor of Economics, Associate Professor of Tourism Faculty,

Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 Sesavali ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 25

Part III. International tourism developing perspectives in Georgia -----------------

The counclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 885

2. turistul moTxovnaTa dasakmayofileblad erTi

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