Impulse and Momentum

Impulse and Momentum
Lesson 3
If two iron balls of the same size are made to roll with
different speeds, which do you think is hard to stop?
If two persons with different weight are running
towards you at the same speed, who is more difficult to
stop?
Answer
• The faster rolling iron ball and the heaviest lbs running
person
• Because there are factors that tend to keep them continuing
to move at a certain velocity.
• These factors are their mass and velocity which give a
physical quantity called
momentum
• Consider a cargo truck with a mass of 10,000
kilograms traveling at a velocity of 40 kilometers
per hour and a small car with a mass of 2000
kilograms traveling at the same velocity as
shown below.
MASS
• If the two vehicles suddenly lose their breaks
and crash against the brick wall, which do you
think would be more damaging?
• On what factor would the impact of collision
depend if their velocities are the same?
What affects momentum?
• Which of the two toy vehicles was more difficult to stop –
the lighter one or the heavier one?
• The heavier one is more difficult to stop.
• This is because it possesses a greater inertia in motion which
depends on an object’s mass and velocity.
• Inertia is a state of motion of an object (1st law of motion)
• An object’s momentum is also known as inertia in motion
• For object moving at same velocity, a more massive object
has greater inertia in motion therefore a greater momentum
Linear Momentum
• Or simply momentum of an object
• Is the product of the mass of the object and its velocity
• p is a symbol for momentum ( p = mv )
• The object tends to move in a straight line
• It is a vector quantity, with a direction the same as velocity
• Kg • m/s is the SI unit for momentum
• Every object has a momentum, which may be large or small
depending on its mass and velocity
2 factors the Momentum depends on
• mass and velocity.
• Operationally, momentum is defined as the product of mass and the
velocity of an object.
• In equation,
p = mv
• where p = is the momentum
m = is the mass
v = is the velocity
Moving objects have velocities which can be measured directly or indirectly.
For stationary objects where the velocity is zero, the momentum is also zero.
Remember
Let’s Practice
Let’s Practice
1. Which has more momentum, a huge truck that is not
moving or a small toy cart that is moving? small toy cart
2. A moving car has momentum. If it moves twice as
fast, its momentum would be __________
twice as much.
3. Two cars, one twice as heavy as the other, moves
down a hill at the same time. The heavier car would
Greater
have a _________ momentum.
Application
1. A bowling ball whose mass is 4.0 kg is rolling at
a rate of 2.5 m/s. What is its momentum?
2. A skateboard is rolling at a velocity of 3.0 m/s
with a momentum of 6.0 kg-m/s. What is its
mass?
3. A pitcher throws a baseball with a mass of 0.5
kg and a momentum of 10 kg-m/s. What is its
velocity?
• How fast must superman run to have the same momentum
as a 2500 kg train moving at 4.5 m/s in the same direction?
Assume the mass of superman is 120 kg
Given data:
Mass of train = 2500 kg p = mv
Mass of superman = 120 kg
Velocity of train= 4.5 m/s p
Velocity of superman
m v
• How fast must superman run to have the same momentum
as a 2500 kg train moving at 4.5 m/s in the same direction?
Assume the mass of superman is 120 kg
First: compute for the p of 2500 kg train in 4.5 m/s

p = (2500 kg)(4.5 m/s) p = mv
= 11,250 kg • m/s
11,250 kg • m/s = (120kg)(v) p
11,250 kg • m/s ÷ 120 kg = 93.75 m/s
m v
• Which has a greater momentum:
• A cheetah with a mass of about 74kg and a running speed
of up to 31 m/s
• Or an elephant with a mass of 7000kg running at 18
km/hr?
p = mv
• Given data:
• Mass of cheetah = 74 kg
• Mass of elephant = 7000 kg p
• Velocity of cheetah = 31 m/s m v
• Velocity of elephant = 18km/hr
Remember the SI unit of velocity is
Example
• A cheetah with a mass of about 74kg and a running speed of up to 31 m/s
• Or an elephant with a mass of 7000kg running at 18 km/hr?
• First: convert 18 km/hr to m/s

p = mv
𝑘𝑚 1000𝑚 1ℎ𝑟 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
• 18 = = =
ℎ𝑟 1𝑘𝑚 60 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐
p
Velocity of elephant is = 5 m/s
m v
Example
• A cheetah with a mass of about 74kg and a running speed of up to 31 m/s
• Or an elephant with a mass of 7000kg running at 18 km/hr?
p = (74kg)(31m/s) p = mv
= 2,294 kg • m/s momentum of cheetah
p = (7000kg)(5 m/s) p
= 35,000 kg • m/s momentum of elephant
m v

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Impulse and Momentum

First: compute for the p of 2500 kg train in 4.5 m/s

• First: convert 18 km/hr to m/s

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