Understanding Reg CC WP
Understanding Reg CC WP
Understanding Reg CC WP
June 2002
INTRODUCTION
Float managers traditionally have been charged with the design and implementation of the
bank's check clearing program including the selection of clearing agents, transportation, and
the design of the sort patterns. But even more significantly, the float manager is responsible
for the availability schedules for customer float assignment. These schedules are used to
determine the availability of funds for investment, withdrawal, payment of checks, and the
calculation of collected balances and corporate earnings credits.
While some banks may have only one availability schedule for all customers, most large
banks have multiple availability schedules designed to match the float sensitivity of a specific
segment of customers. The accurate and appropriate design of these schedules ensures
that the designated segment will meet its float allocation targets and recognize projected
revenue, while other segments may be passed float equal to or less than the bank's own
collection experience. It is during the implementation of these schedules that float managers
must ensure that their designs do not exceed the parameters established by government
laws and regulations covering availability. In our experience as consultants to major banks
across the country, we have encountered a good deal of confusion about the provisions of
these regulations, and how the implementation of float availability schedules is constricted by
these regulations.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this paper is to describe major sections of Regulation CC Availability of Funds
and Collections of Checks (12CFR 229) originally issued by the Federal Reserve Board in
September 1988. This overview is based on reading the regulation and the accompanying
commentary, interviews with Federal Reserve officials and private attorneys, and the
experience of banks across the country in implementing the regulation. This overview is not
a legal opinion, and questions involving specific instances with specific client issues should
be addressed through your compliance officer or legal counsel.
Specifically, it addresses five main areas where confusion often arises, and where banks may
fail to optimize their Reg CC availability schedules:
BACKGROUND
Regulation CC was written in order to implement the Expedited Funds Availability Act (EFAA),
which was passed by Congress in August 1987. The purpose of the act was to set limits on
deposit holds. Until that time, banks, thrifts, and credit unions could set their own funds
availability policies, and there was considerable evidence of abuse, with some banks holding
even local checks for more than 10 days. In response, some states passed individual laws
limiting holds. Portions of these state laws may preempt Reg CC, and are found in Appendix
F of the Regulation.
The original regulation had a slower or longer availability schedule, called the temporary
schedule, which was introduced to give banks a chance to work out kinks in the return
system. The permanent availability schedule (the current one) went into effect on September
1, 1990.
SCOPE
This paper will not address the return item schedule mentioned above; instead it will
concentrate on the design and application of availability schedules, and how Reg CC impacts
those schedules. This paper will also address strategies and options for float managers to
design availability schedules that are in Reg CC compliance, but also meet the bank's
marketing goals and revenue projections. The section citations like this (12 CFR §229.2(a))
refer to a specific section of the regulation or its official commentary, and may help float
managers clarify portions of the law outlined in this paper. Again, any final changes to the
bank's funds availability policy should be reviewed with the bank's attorneys and/or
compliance department.
The maximum availability schedule for checks is often expressed as 1-2-5, that is, one-day
availability for cash, on-us checks, cashiers checks, and government funds; two-day
availability for local items as defined in the regulation, and five-day availability for non-local
items (§229.10). This schedule is the maximum hold allowed for all transaction account
deposits; your bank may allow withdrawals and payments of checks to take place earlier.
Deposits covered in Reg CC generally must be made to a bank employee. Deposits made
at an ATM, and those made into a night deposit box, or other "unmanned" facility, may
receive a longer hold. Electronic payments must be made available not later than the day
after the funds are received. "Received" means that the bank receives final credit and the
payment instructions indicating the customer account to be credited. For wire transfers, final
funds are received when the payment is made, but for ACH payments, final payment is
received on settlement day, but the specific payment instructions may not arrive until after
settlement day. In this case, availability would be delayed until the accounts are credited.
According to Reg CC, the fraction in the upper right quadrant of the check is the local/non-
local determinant (§229.2(r)). In most cases, the fraction and the MICR RT number are the
same, and so no accommodation is needed. However, in cases where the issuing bank uses
a payor bank, the fraction would be different from the MICR line. Obviously, this means that
the highspeed check processing sort pattern is unable to determine a local from a non-local
check. Some banks avoid the issue altogether, by setting all consumer availability at no more
than two days for both local and non-local items, to cover the possibility that any payable
through drafts would be deposited.
Some banks have chosen to allow customers to use special deposit slips that would grant
next day availability to payable through items, similar to the deposit slips that are used to
identify Treasury checks. This would allow payable through items to receive local availability,
and still allow the bank to use high speed processing to assign float. The use of special
deposit slips for this specific situation is discussed and the requirements for special deposit
slips are discussed in the commentary to §229.10.
1
Credit Union Nat'l. Assn. Inc. v. Board of Governors, 700 F. Supp. 1152 (DDC 1988).
It is important for float managers to walk through the ATM deposit process at the bank to
make sure that the availability granted for the deposit matches the process. For example,
some ATM deposits are not processed until the next business day. In this case, it might be
appropriate to deem all ATM deposits as available next day, which would, in effect, be a two-
day hold.
But remember – in addition to government checks, items drawn on the Federal Reserve
and the Federal Home Loan Bank must be made available next day, and these RTs are
also listed in the Reg in Appendix A, and in this document in Attachment C.
Another alternative to calculate the availability schedule to use for collected savings
balances is the bank's overall collection rate (% of on-us, one-day, and two-day). These
percentages would then be applied to determine what day interest would begin to
accrue for all accounts, regardless of the specific check deposited into any one
account. This alternative is useful if there are systems limitations for the accurate
capture of deposit item information.
"On-we" deposits is a term frequently used to refer to checks drawn on a bank in one
state and deposited in another account of the same bank, but in a different state. These
checks can be considered non-local as long as they are both in different check
processing regions and different states. For example, a check drawn on the Indiana
bank of a multi-state bank is non-local if it is deposited into an Ohio account of the
same multi-state bank.
There is some apprehension by banks when they first discuss charging a day's float for
on-us items. One way to approach the issue is to walk through the bank's actual
deposit process to determine the customer impact. For example, if the tellers are not
2
12 CFR Ch. II (1-1-01 Edition) § 230.7(c) Date interest begins to accrue. Interest shall begin to accrue not
later than the business day specified for interest-bearing accounts in section 606 of the Expedited Funds
Availability Act (12 U.S.C. 4005 et seq.) and implementing Regulation CC (12 CFR part 229). Interest shall
accrue until the day funds are withdrawn.
There has been a great deal of discussion lately about charging a day's availability on
cash deposits, since the bank usually doesn't have use of the money on the day of
deposit. Again, it is useful for the float manager to walk through cash deposit
processing to determine if there is a negative customer impact in delaying availability.
Cash must be made available no later than next day if it is deposited at a staffed teller
station. ATM cash deposits and night depository drops do not get the same
accommodation.
The language of the corporate disclosure can be written so that the corporate
availability schedules can be changed at any time and without prior notice, and that the
most current schedule is available at the branches or through a customer service
location. This would allow the flexibility you need to add or change corporate
schedules or move customers to different schedules and respond quickly to changes
in the check clearing environment.
Some banks, however, are concerned that smaller business clients, who open their
accounts at the branch, would find the availability schedule too complex, both for the
customer and the branch personnel. They prefer to give customers a disclosure
statement when the account is opened, and then update as needed. One way to meet
that need is to write a disclosure for corporate customers that covers all of the
schedules, as a maximum. Attachment D shows a disclosure edited for multiple
availability schedule disclosures, which can be used at an account opening.
2. Float Calculations Which Affect Earnings Credits are Outside the Scope of the
Regulation
The way in which float is applied or calculated on customer accounts in analysis for the
purpose of paying earning credits is separate from the availability schedule in the
regulation. Think of it this way – Reg CC schedule deals with the "withdrawability" of
funds, that is, when cash can be withdrawn or checks paid against an account.
The float schedules are part of the priced services which are part of a contractual
agreement between the bank and its corporate customers. For example, most banks
will pay checks presented against ledger balances, even though the availability
The commentary, which is very valuable in understanding the provisions, and the
appendices, which list the local RTs, FR, and FHLB RTs and have the model disclosure
language, can be found in the online version by going to the end of the last section §229.43,
"Checks Payable in Guam, American Samoa, and the Northern Mariana Islands". Paper
copies are available free of charge from the Board of Governors Publication office.
4th District
Cleveland Cincinnati Pittsburgh Columbus
0410 0420 0430 0440
0412 0421 0432 0441
2410 0422 0433 0442
2412 0423 0434 2440
2420 2430 2441
2421 2432 2442
2422 2433
2423 2434
* Banks in Fairfield County, Connecticut, are members of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York and
therefore have Second District routing numbers. Their checks, however, are processed by the Windsor
Locks office. Thus, checks drawn on banks with 0211 and 2211 routing numbers would not be local checks
for Second District depositary banks.
5th District
Richmond Baltimore Charlotte Columbia SC Charleston WVa
0510 0520 0530 0532 0515
0514 0521 0531 0539 0519
2510 0522 2530 2532 2515
2514 0540 2531 2539 2519
0550
0560
0570
2520
2521
2522
2540
2550
2560
2570
6th District
Atlanta Birmingham Jacksonville Nashville New Orleans Miami
0610 0620 0630 0640 0650 0660
0611 0621 0631 0641 0651 0670
0612 0622 0632 0642 0652 2660
0613 2620 2630 2640 0653 2670
2610 2621 2631 2641 0654
2611 2622 2632 2642 0655
2612 2650
2613 2651
2652
2653
2654
2655
7th District
Chicago Detroit Des Moines Indianapolis Milwaukee
0710 0720 0730 0740 0750
0712 0724 0739 0749 0759
0719 2720 2730 2740 2750
2710 2724 2739 2749 2759
2712
2719
0711
2711
8th District
St. Louis Little Rock Louisville Memphis
0810 0820 0813 0840
0812 0829 0830 0841
0815 2820 0839 0842
0819 2829 0863 0843
0865 2813 2840
2810 2830 2841
2812 2839 2842
2815 2863 2843
2819
2865
9th District
Minneapolis Helena
0910 0920
0911 0921
0912 0929
0913 2920
0914 2921
0915 2929
0918
0919
2910
2911
2912
0960
2913
2914
2915
2918
2919
2960
10th District
Kansas City Denver Oklahoma City Omaha
1010 1020 1030 1040
1011 1021 1031 1041
1012 1022 1039 1049
1019 1023 3030 3040
3010 1070 3031 3041
3011 3020 3039 3049
3012 3021
3019 3022
3023
3070
11th District
Dallas El Paso Houston San Antonio
1110 1120 1130 1140
1111 1122 1131 1149
1113 1123 3130 3140
1119 1163 3131 3149
3110 3120
3111 3122
3113 3123
3119 3163
12th District
San Francisco Los Angeles Portland Salt Lake City Seattle
1210 1220 1230 1240 1250
1211 1221 1231 1241 1251
1212 1222 1232 1242 1252
1213 1223 1233 1243 3250
3210 1224 3230 3240 3251
3211 3220 3231 3241 3252
3212 3221 3232 3242
3213 3222 3233 2343
3223
3224
Local checks. The first $100 from a deposit of local checks will be available on the first
business day after the day of your deposit. The remaining funds will be available on the
second business day after the day of your deposit. For example, if you deposit a local
check of $1,000 on a Monday, $100 of the deposit is available on Tuesday. On
Wednesday, the remaining $900 is available.
Non-local checks. The first $100 from a deposit of non-local checks will be available on
the first business day after the day of your deposit. The remaining funds will be available
no later than the third business day after the day of your deposit. For example, if you
deposit a non-local check of $1,000 on a Monday, $100 of the deposit is available is
available on Tuesday. No later than Thursday, the remaining $900 is available.
If you deposit both categories of checks, $100 from the checks will be available on the first
business day after the day of your deposit, not $100 from each category of check.