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ITE 12 Topic1

The document provides an overview of computer programming and problem solving. It discusses basic computer concepts like hardware, software, operating systems, input/output, storage, and the CPU. It also covers computer languages from machine language to high-level languages and scripting languages. The document describes flow charting, pseudo-coding, algorithms, and the history and introduction to C programming. It provides examples of a flow chart, pseudo-code, algorithms to calculate volume and factorials, and a simple "Hello World" C program.

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Baldinucci Uyanguren
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195 views20 pages

ITE 12 Topic1

The document provides an overview of computer programming and problem solving. It discusses basic computer concepts like hardware, software, operating systems, input/output, storage, and the CPU. It also covers computer languages from machine language to high-level languages and scripting languages. The document describes flow charting, pseudo-coding, algorithms, and the history and introduction to C programming. It provides examples of a flow chart, pseudo-code, algorithms to calculate volume and factorials, and a simple "Hello World" C program.

Uploaded by

Baldinucci Uyanguren
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Overview of Computer

Programming and Problem Solving


Basic computer concepts
• Hardware: - Physical Components of a Computer
Ex. CPU, Memory, RAM, Monitor, Mouse

• Software – Programs and Instruction that tell the computer what to do


Ex: MS Word, Power Point, Excel Etc.

• Operating System (OS) – Software that Manages and Controls the computer Hardware
Ex: Linux, Windows, Mac, Unix

• Input and Output – allows user to interact with the computer by providing input.
Ex. Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, Printer

• Storage – This is where data is stored


Ex. HDD, SSD, M.2, Flash Drive

• Central Processing Unit (CPU) - the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions
and performing calculations
Ex. Intel, AMD
Basic computer concepts
Computer Languages
• Also known as programming languages, are a means of communication between humans and computers.

Machine language - It consists of binary code (0s and 1s) that directly represents the instructions a computer’s
central processing unit (CPU) can execute.

High-Level Languages - High-level languages are designed to be more human-readable and easier to use than
low-level languages.

Scripting Languages - Used for automating tasks and building web applications.
Object-Oriented Languages - focus on modeling real-world objects as software objects.
Machine Learning and Data Science Languages - popular for statistical analysis and data science
Quantum Computing Languages - used for developing algorithms for quantum computers

Web Development Languages - HTML (HyperText Markup Language) and CSS (Cascading Style Sheets) are
essential for building web pages.
Database Languages - SQL (Structured Query Language) is used for managing and querying relational databases.
History of C Programming Languages

• Development at Bell Labs (Early 1970s)


• Publication of "The C Programming Language" (1978)
• Standardization (Early 1980s)
• C99 and C11 (Late 1990s and Early 2010s)
• Popularity and Use Cases
• Open Source Development
• Legacy and Continuation
Flow Charting and Pseudo-coding

Flow Charting

• Is a visual representation of the logic and flow of a program using standardized


symbols and shapes.

• It is a graphical technique that helps developers and stakeholders visualize


the sequence of actions, decisions, and processes within a program.
Flow Chart Symbols
Flow Chart Example

Simple Complex
Pseudo - Coding

• A textual technique used to plan and outline the logic of a program using
human-readable language, typically in plain English or a simplified
programming language.

Example
Designing Algorithm

What is Algorithm?

Is a step-by-step, well-defined procedure or set of rules for solving a specific


problem or performing a particular task. It is a finite sequence of unambiguous
instructions that, when followed, leads to a desired result or accomplishes a
specific goal.
Algorithm example: 1

Calculates the Volume of the Cube


Algorithm example: 2

Calculates the factorial of a non-negative integer


Introduction to C Programming
Introduction to C Programming

C Programming
is a widely used and influential programming language known for its simplicity,
efficiency, and versatility. It serves as a foundation for many other programming
languages and has a long history in the world of computing

History

• C was developed in the early 1970s at Bell Laboratories by Dennis Ritchie

• It evolved from the B programming language invented by Ken Thompson.

• The language gained widespread popularity and became a standard in


system programming and software development.

Dennis Ritchie Ken Thompson


Introduction to C Programming

Characteristics:

• C is a procedural programming language, which means it focuses on procedures and functions


to solve problems.

•It is a middle-level language, combining high-level language features with low-level hardware access.

•C is known for its simplicity, which allows for efficient and concise code.
Introduction to C Programming

Key Features:
Portability:
C programs can be compiled and run on various computer platforms with minor modifications,
making it a portable language.

Efficiency:
C allows for low-level memory management and direct hardware access, making it highly efficient.

Extensibility:
C allows developers to write their own functions and libraries, extending its capabilities.

Wide Usage:
C is used in operating systems, embedded systems, game development, and many other applications.
Introduction to C Programming

Basic Syntax:

•C programs consist of functions, which are blocks of code that perform specific tasks.

•Statements in C are terminated by a semicolon (;).

•Variables are declared with a data type, such as int, float, or char.

•Curly braces {} define blocks of code


Introduction to C Programming

Example Program:

• #include <stdio.h> - is a preprocessor directive that includes the standard input/output library.
• int main() - defines the main function, where program execution starts.
• printf("Hello, World!\n"); - prints the text "Hello, World!" to the console.
• return 0; - indicates a successful program completion.
Introduction to C Programming

Development Tools

• C programs can be written using a text editor and compiled using a C compiler.
Popular C compilers include GCC (GNU Compiler Collection) and Microsoft Visual C++.

https://www.online-ide.com/
Introduction to C Programming

Assignment: Deadline September 11, 2023 || 6:30pm


Assignment Title: Flowchart and Algorithm Design - Simple Calculator

Objective:
The objective of this assignment is to design a flowchart and create an algorithm for
a basic calculator that can perform addition, multiplication, division and subtraction operations.

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