PMT

Mark Scheme
(Results)

November 2021

Pearson Edexcel GCSE

In Physics (1PH0) Paper 2F
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November 2021
Publications Code 1PH0_2F_2111_MS
All the material in this publication is copyright
© Pearson Education Ltd 2021
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General Marking Guidance

• All candidates must receive the same treatment. Examiners must mark
the first candidate in exactly the same way as they mark the last.
• Mark schemes should be applied positively. Candidates must be rewarded
for what they have shown they can do rather than penalised for
omissions.
• Examiners should mark according to the mark scheme not according to
their perception of where the grade boundaries may lie.
• There is no ceiling on achievement. All marks on the mark scheme should
be used appropriately.
• All the marks on the mark scheme are designed to be awarded. Examiners
should always award full marks if deserved, i.e. if the answer matches the
mark scheme. Examiners should also be prepared to award zero marks if
the candidate’s response is not worthy of credit according to the mark
scheme.
• Where some judgement is required, mark schemes will provide the
principles by which marks will be awarded and exemplification may be
limited.
• When examiners are in doubt regarding the application of the mark
scheme to a candidate’s response, the team leader must be consulted.
• Crossed out work should be marked UNLESS the candidate has replaced
it with an alternative response.
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Mark schemes have been developed so that the rubrics of each mark scheme reflects the
characteristics of the skills within the AO being targeted and the requirements of the command
word. So for example the command word ‘Explain’ requires an identification of a point and then
reasoning/justification of the point.
Explain questions can be asked across all AOs. The distinction comes whether the identification is
via a judgment made to reach a conclusion, or, making a point through application of knowledge
to reason/justify the point made through application of understanding. It is the combination and
linkage of the marking points that is needed to gain full marks.
When marking questions with a ‘describe’ or ‘explain’ command word, the detailed marking
guidance below should be consulted to ensure consistency of marking.

Assessment Command Word

Objective

Strand Element Describe Explain

AO1* An answer that combines the An explanation that links

marking points to provide a identification of a point with
logical description reasoning/justification(s) as
required

AO2 An answer that combines the An explanation that links

marking points to provide a identification of a point (by
logical description, showing applying knowledge) with
application of knowledge and reasoning/justification
understanding (application of understanding)

AO3 1a and An answer that combines points

1b of interpretation/evaluation to
provide a logical description

AO3 2a and An explanation that combines

2b identification via a judgment to
reach a conclusion via
justification/reasoning

AO3 3a An answer that combines the

marking points to provide a
logical description of the
plan/method/experiment

AO3 3b An explanation that combines

identifying an improvement of
the experimental procedure with
a linked justification/reasoning
*there will be situations where an AO1 question will include elements of recall of knowledge
directly from the specification (up to a maximum of 15%). These will be identified by an asterisk
in the mark scheme.
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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
1(a) (4)
AO3

battery/cell symbol (1)

lamp symbol (1) ignore
switch symbol (1) polarity of
battery

then
complete series circuit shown (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
1(b) substitution (1) (2)
0.15 x 40 AO2

evaluation (1)

6(.0) (V) award full

marks for
correct
answer
without
working

Question Answer Mark

number
1(c) 1.4 (A) (1)
AO2

Total for Question 1 =7 marks

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Question Answer Mark

number
2(a) (i) gravitational (1) (3)
AO1
(ii) friction (1)

(iii) electrostatic (1)

Question Answer Mark

number
2(b) C It has direction and size (1)
AO1
Option C is the only correct combination for a vector
quantity

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
2(c) (3)
substitution (1) AO2
(moment) = 200 x 3(.0)

evaluation (1)
600 (Nm) award full marks
for correct answer
without working
unit (1)
Nm independent mark
ignore J / Joules

(Total for Question 2 = 7 marks)

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Question Answer Mark

number
3(a) B hit the sides of the container more often (1)
AO1
Options A, C and D are incorrect associations

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
3bi (1)
(headings to the table should have) units accept any AO3
or names (1) correct unit
suggestion
e.g. cm3 /
Pascals

or any
correct name
e.g. pressure
/ volume

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
3bii attempts to find any ‘in between accept any (2)
number’ (interpolates) (1) number between AO3
16.6 and 17.9

evaluation (1)
17.2, 17.3 or 17.25
award full marks
for correct answer
without working
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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
3biii Suggestions, including any two from: (2)
AO3
take intervening pressure reading(s) (1)

give (plenty of) time between readings

(1)

use apparatus with smaller scale divisions e.g. steps of

(1) 0.2 cm3 on
volume scale

take repeat readings and average (1) allow repeat

to check for
anomaly

make sure temperature stays constant e.g. check

(1) temperature
of the room

ignore any
ideas of
extending
the
investigation

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
3biv An explanation including any three from: (3)
AO3
any reference to data from the table (1) e.g. no,
because
almost all the
(pV) values
are different
(the product) p x V remains constant (1)

for most readings p x V is similar / close

to 2800 (1)

which points to 𝑝𝑝1 × 𝑉𝑉1 = 𝑝𝑝2 × 𝑉𝑉2 (1) agrees /

OR equation doesn’t fit because values disagrees
are different with
(mp4 dependent upon mp2 / mp3) hypothesis

last value(s) of p x V discordant last value(s)

compared with the others (1) values of pV
don’t agree

(Total for Question 3 = 10 marks)

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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
4a (2)
AO1

three links
correct (2)

one link correct

(1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4 (b) i circle shown around wire (1) allow tolerance for (1)
translation of 3D to 2D AO1
ignore any multiplicity of
those circles

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
4 (b) ii arrow indicating a clockwise (1)
direction (for magnetic field line AO1
drawn for i ) (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
4(c)i (2)
AO2
One mark for
each point
plotted
correctly, to
within ± 1
small square
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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
4(c)ii smooth curve drawn fitting the judge by eye (1)
plotted points (1) AO2

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
4ciii substitution using an attempt at (2)
calculation – any subtraction AO3
seen (1)
e.g. 2(.0) – 1(.0)

evaluation (1) accept any number

(-) 1(.0) (mT) that rounds to 1.0

award full marks for

correct answer
without working

Question number Answer Mark

4 (c) iv (size of) current (1)
AO1

(Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)

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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
5 (a) i substitution (1) (2)
AO2

𝑃𝑃
( 𝐼𝐼 = 𝑉𝑉) = 1.9 (x 10 ) (1)
3

230

evaluation (1)

8.3 (A) 8.3 / 8.26 (A)

award full marks for

correct answer
without working

award one mark for

8.26 x 10-3 / 0.0083

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
5 (a) ii choice and substitution (1) (2)
𝐸𝐸 = 𝐼𝐼 × 𝑉𝑉 × 𝑡𝑡 AO2
= 7.4 x 230 x 120

evaluation (1)

200000 (J) accept 204000 /

204240

award full marks for

correct answer
without working

award 1 mark for

3400 / 3404 (J)
(using 2 minutes as
time)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
5 (b) i (2)
Wire X ......earth........(1)
AO1
Wire Y ......live........ (1) accept ‘life’
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
5 (b) ii (1)
Component Z ....fuse...... (1) AO1

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
5 (c) (3)
rearrangement and AO2
substitution in either
order

substitution (1) allow numerical

(I p ) x 230 = 19 x 2.37 values written above
equation

rearrangement (1) 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣 =

(𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣
(𝐼𝐼𝑝𝑝 ) = (19.0 × 2.37) ÷ 230 × 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐)
÷ 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣𝑣

evaluation (1)

input current = 0.196 (A) award full marks for

any answer that
rounds to 0.2(00) (A)

award 1 mark for

5.1(07) (substitution
with upside down
rearrangement)

award full marks for

correct answer
without working

(Total for Question 5 = 10 marks)

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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
6(a)i substitution (1) (2)
AO2
(∆𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺 ) = 72 × 10 × 7.0 do not penalise
any power of ten
error (p.o.t.e.) at
this stage
do not accept an
answer without
value for g (10)
being used)
evaluation (1)
5040 (J)
award full marks
for correct answer
without working

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6aii an explanation to include (2)
AO3

(potential / kinetic) energy is accept lost / deceases

transferred / dissipated (1)
accept friction / air
resistance acts

to surroundings / water / air / accept to thermal

slide (1) (store)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
6b Explanation linking two from: (2)
AO3
choice of distance (1)
6.3 m

(calculations of work done need) the accept

distance moved in the direction of the pushed up
force (1) the slope

(friction acts) along the slope /

hypotenuse (1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
6 (c) substitution (1) (3)

𝐾𝐾𝐾𝐾 = ½ × 58 �× 10
−3
� × 28
2 do not penalise AO2
p.o.t.e. at this stage

conversion (1)
uses 58 × 10−3 or 0.058

evaluation (1)

23 (J) award full marks for

any answer that
rounds to 23 (e.g.
22.736) (J)

award max two

marks for any answer
that rounds to 2.3 to
any other power of
10

consolation mark for

not squaring 28
(8.1(2) to any p.o.t.)
(maximum 1 mark)

(Total for Question 6 = 9 marks)

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Question Answer Mark

number
7(a) i A gained electrons (1)
AO1
Options B, C and D are incorrect explanations

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
7 (a) ii A description to include (2)
AO1
electrons / negative charges move (1)

down the wire / to earth (1)

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
7 (a) iii A description including one row from: Other (2)
examples are AO1
possible
use description
fuelling cars / charge / voltage
plane (1) could build up
causing a spark / in this context
fire: (avoided by also allow to
earthing (the prevent shock
pump) (1)
(insecticide / earthed object
paint) sprayers gains (induced)
(1) charge(s) to
attract paint /
insecticide (1)
kettle / other earthing the
electrical device outside prevents
(1) shock (to user)
(1)
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
7 (b) drawing lines to include any (2)
two from AO1

any vertical line (in between judge by eye

plates) (1)

at least two parallel lines (1) ignore any curved lines

at the ends of the plates

any arrow downwards (to reject contradicting

show direction) (1) arrows for this mp

Questio Indicative content Mark

n
number
7 (c)* Answers will be credited according to candidate's (6)
deployment of knowledge and understanding of the AO2
material in relation to the qualities and skills outlined in
the generic mark scheme.

The indicative content below is not prescriptive and

candidates are not required to include all the material
which is indicated as relevant. Additional content included
in the response must be scientific and relevant.

AO2 (strand 2) (6 marks)

1. rub a strip with the cloth

2. test to see its charge (positive or negative) by
rubbing against the coulombmeter
3. place the strip in the holder
4. charge another strip by friction (rubbing)
5. test its charge with the meter
6. bring the second strip up towards the one in the
holder; either attracts or repels
7. repeat 1-6 with another charged strip
8. repeat steps 1-3, but then charge an acetate
strip, again detecting the sign of its charge, as
before
9. bring the charged acetate (+) strip up to the
charged polythene (-) strip; the one in the stirrup
should now be attracted / move towards the
other
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AO targeting: 6 marks AO2 strand 2

Level Mark Descriptor

0 • No awardable content
Level 1 1-2 • The explanation attempts to link and apply knowledge and
understanding of scientific enquiry, techniques and
procedures, flawed or simplistic connections made between
elements in the context of the question.

• Lines of reasoning are unsupported or unclear. (AO2)

Level 2 3-4 • The explanation is mostly supported through linkage and
application of knowledge and understanding of scientific
enquiry, techniques and procedures, some logical connections
made between elements in the context of the question.

• Lines of reasoning mostly supported through the application

of relevant evidence. (AO2)
Level 3 5-6 • The explanation is supported throughout by linkage and
application of knowledge and understanding of scientific
enquiry, techniques and procedures, logical connections made
between elements in the context of the question.

• Lines of reasoning are supported by sustained application of

relevant evidence. (AO2)
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Summary for guidance

Level Mark Additional Guidance General additional guidance – the
decision within levels

e.g. - At each level, as well as content,

the scientific coherency of what is
stated will help place the answer at the
top, or the bottom, of that level.

0 No rewardable material.

Level 1 1–2 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

A limited explanation rub a strip with the cloth / give it a

with at least two steps of charge
a suitable procedure place the strip in the holder
explains consequent attraction /
repulsion

Level 2 3–4 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

Partially complete As above with

explanation of a suitable bring a second strip up towards the one
procedure with at least in the holder
three steps and some either attracts or repels
purpose indicated repeated with like / unlike charges
use of coulombmeter
Level 3 5–6 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

Detailed explanation of a As above with

suitable procedure with test charge with the meter
most steps and a clear to see if it’s (+) or (-)
logic in what is being detailed use of acetate / polythene
proposed strips with purpose

Question 7 =13 marks

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Question Answer Mark

number
8(a) D variable resistor (1)
AO1
Options A, B and C are all wrong identifications with
both the circuit components shown

Question Answer Mark

number
8(b) C ammeter in series with component, voltmeter in (1)
parallel AO1

Only option C is correct for both the ammeter and the

voltmeter

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
8c(i) A description including (2)
AO3
as the potential difference
(voltage) increases so does the positive correlation
current (1)

idea of gradient of graph at a decreasing rate

decreasing as V increases (1) non-linear
not directly
proportional

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
8(c)(ii) Award one mark for each row of (2)
the table AO2

voltage i current
V in mA
ignore any units
point P 1(.00) 20 added in the
boxes
point Q 3.4 ±0.1 43 ±1

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
8(c)(iii) (2)
substitution (1)
AO2
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4.5 0.088(2) or 8.8(2) or

(R=) −3
51(× 10 ) 0.88(2) or 0.09
seen scores 1 mark

evaluation (1)
88.(2) (Ω) 0.088(2) kΩ
or 0.09 kΩ scores 2
marks

award full marks for

correct answer
without working

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
8(c)(iv) an explanation linking any three of: (3)
AO1
identification of resistance
increasing (1)

heating (of the filament) (1) temperature

increases

because of more collisions (1)

of electrons (with ions / atoms /

other electrons) (1)

Question 8 =11 marks

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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
9(a) descriptions to include any two of (2)
AO1

• particles / atoms in solid close(r) reverse

together (1) argument

difference
asked for, so
must
compare for
subsequent
marking
points

• particles / atoms in solid (vibrate) in

fixed positions but particles in liquid
move (freely) (1)

• particles in a solid in regular

arrangement but particles in liquid are
randomly arranged (1)

• particles in a liquid have more

(kinetic) energy (than in a solid) (1)
allow
answers in
terms of
forces
between
particles
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Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
9(b) volume substitution (1) (3)
1.5 x 1.0 x 0.2(0) (= 0.3) AO2

substitution in equation (1) ecf from

mass = 2100 x (0.3(0)) calculated value of
volume for this
mark only

evaluation (1) award 2 marks for

= 630 (kg) 6.3 x any other
power of 10

5670 gains 1
mark
from use of
1.5+1.0+0.2=2.7

award full marks

for correct answer
without working

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
9(c) statements to include any two from (2)
AO1

use cladding / (extra) insulation (1)

use double thicknesses of the concrete (1) create

cavity

use silver / reflective / white (paint) (1)

plant trees around (wind break) (1)

use double glazed windows (1)

(properly) close window(s)/door draft

exclusion
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Question Indicative content Mark

number
9 (d)* Answers will be credited according to candidate's (6)
deployment of knowledge and understanding of the AO1
material in relation to the qualities and skills outlined in
the generic mark scheme.

The indicative content below is not prescriptive and

candidates are not required to include all the material
which is indicated as relevant. Additional content
included in the response must be scientific and relevant.

AO1 (strand 2) (6 marks)

Indicative content
• measure the length and width of a strip with the
ruler / a metre rule
• measure the thickness of the strip with a more
accurate device e.g. digital callipers OR place 5
(say) of the same strip on top of each other and
measure their thickness with the ruler then ÷5
to calculate a single thickness [plus air gap]
• measure the mass of a strip with an electronic
balance
• measure the mass of (say) 5 strips then ÷5 to
calculate the mass of one of them
• calculate the volume (= l x w x t) in m3 and the
mass in kg
• use displacement can/measuring cylinder to find
the volume
• mass / volume to get density
• check if it’s near one of the teacher’s two values
of density given
• if it’s close / not so far off it’s safe to assume
that strip is of the identified material
• repeat for the other strip
• other repeat measurements
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AO targeting: AO1.2
Level Mark Descriptor

0 • No rewardable material.
Level 1 1-2 • Demonstrates elements of physics understanding, some of
which is inaccurate. Understanding of scientific, enquiry,
techniques and procedures lacks detail. (AO1)

• Presents a description which is not logically ordered and with

significant gaps. (AO1)
Level 2 3-4 • Demonstrates physics understanding, which is mostly relevant
but may include some inaccuracies. Understanding of scientific
ideas, enquiry, techniques and procedures is not fully detailed
and/or developed. (AO1)

• Presents a description of the procedure that has a structure

which is mostly clear, coherent and logical with minor steps
missing. (AO1)

Level 3 5-6 • Demonstrates accurate and relevant physics understanding

throughout. Understanding of the scientific ideas, enquiry,
techniques and procedures is detailed and fully developed.
(AO1)

• Presents a description that has a well-developed structure

which is clear, coherent and logical. (AO1)
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Summary for guidance

Level Mark Additional Guidance General additional guidance – the
decision within levels

e.g. - At each level, as well as content,

the scientific coherency of what is
stated will help place the answer at the
top, or the bottom, of that level.

0 No rewardable material.

Level 1 1–2 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

Partially complete measure the length

description of a suitable measure the width of a strip
procedure with at least measure the mass/weight of a strip
two measurements

OR
one measurement and
another procedural point e.g.
repeat measurements

Level 2 3–4 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

Mostly complete As above with

description of a suitable measure the thickness of the strip
procedure with at least
three measurements and calculate the volume (= l x w x t)
some description of OR
processing the results. immerse in liquid to get volume

Level 3 5–6 Additional guidance Possible candidate responses

Detailed description of a As above with

suitable procedure with extra detail e.g. measure the mass of
all necessary (say) 5 strips then ÷5 to calculate the
measurements and a mass of one of them
clear description of detail of obtaining volume by immersion
processing the results. use density =mass /volume

check if density value obtained is near

one of the teacher’s two values

Question 9 =13 marks

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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
10 ai recall (1) may be implied by a (3)
𝐹𝐹 correct substitution AO2
𝑝𝑝 =
𝐴𝐴

substitution (1)
2400
(p) = 0.8

evaluation
(p) = 3000 (Pa) (1) award full marks for
the correct answer
without working

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
10 aii an explanation linking (2)
AO1
greater pressure (on bottom of
tank) (1)

with

greater force due to water more weight of water

(above bottom of tank) (1) more depth/height of
water

ignore simply ‘more

water’ or ‘greater
amount of water’

Question Answer Additional Mark

number guidance
10 aiii (1)
AO1

an arrow perpendicular to the judge by eye

sloping side and pointing towards
X
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Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
10 bi data points correctly identified award 1 mark if 80 (2)
(1) and 50 seen
50 ±2 ignore the lack of AO3
80 ±2 minus sign

evaluation (1) allow ecf from

(-)30 ±4 kPa incorrect reading of
either pressure at
2000m or pressure at
6000m for one mark

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
10 bii any one suggestion of accept reverse (1)
argument AO1

greater density of atmosphere more particles (per

(1) cubic metre)
the air gets thicker

greater depth of atmosphere greater weight of the

(above the aeroplane) (1) atmosphere

greater temperature (of the

atmosphere) (1)

Question Answer Additional guidance Mark

number
10 c an explanation linking accept reverse (2)
arguments AO2

the area (of contact between weight is more

person and bed) is smaller concentrated / not
when standing up distributed /not
(1) spread across bed
(when standing up)

same weight (over smaller uses p = F/A

area) so the pressure is greater argument (as a
when standing up (1) consequence of the
smaller area,
pressure is bigger)

Total for question 10 = 11 marks