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    CH 03

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    Suliman Alkabaele
    The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

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    CH 03

    Uploaded by

    Suliman Alkabaele
    17 views9 pages
    The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

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    The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

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    17 views9 pages

    CH 03

    Uploaded by

    Suliman Alkabaele
    The document discusses different types of metallic crystal structures: 1) Simple cubic structure has a packing density of only 0.52 and is rarely seen except in element Po. 2) Body centered cubic structure has atoms at the corners and center of the unit cell, giving it a packing density of 0.68. Common elements with this structure include Cr, W, and Fe. 3) Face centered cubic structure has the highest packing density of 0.74 by having atoms at the corners and centers of faces. Elements with this structure include Al, Cu, Au, and Ag.

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    You are on page 1of 9

    chapter 3 :Metallic Crystal

    Structures

    ‫سليمان يونس سليمان سعد‬


    213257

    Chapter 3 - 1
    Metallic Crystal Structures
    • How can we stack metal atoms to minimize
    empty space?
    2-dimensions

    vs.

    Now stack these 2-D layers to make 3-D structures


    Chapter 3 - 2
    Simple Cubic Structure (SC)
    • Rare due to low packing density (only Po has this structure)
    • Close-packed directions are cube edges.

    • Coordination # = 6
    (# nearest neighbors)

    Click once on image to start animation


    (Courtesy P.M. Anderson)

    Chapter 3 - 3
    Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
    Volume of atoms in unit cell*
    APF =
    Volume of unit cell
    *assume hard spheres
    • APF for a simple cubic structure = 0.52
    volume
    atoms atom
    a 4
    unit cell 1 p (0.5a) 3
    3
    R=0.5a APF =
    a3 volume
    close-packed directions
    unit cell
    contains 8 x 1/8 =
    1 atom/unit cell
    Adapted from Fig. 3.24,
    Callister & Rethwisch 8e. Chapter 3 - 4
    Body Centered Cubic Structure (BCC)
    • Atoms touch each other along cube diagonals.
    --Note: All atoms are identical; the center atom is shaded
    differently only for ease of viewing.

    ex: Cr, W, Fe (), Tantalum, Molybdenum


    • Coordination # = 8

    Adapted from Fig. 3.2,


    Click once on image to start animation Callister & Rethwisch 8e.
    (Courtesy P.M. Anderson)
    2 atoms/unit cell: 1 center + 8 corners x 1/8
    Chapter 3 - 5
    Atomic Packing Factor: BCC
    • APF for a body-centered cubic structure = 0.68
    3a

    2a

    Close-packed directions:
    Adapted from R length = 4R = 3 a
    Fig. 3.2(a), Callister &
    Rethwisch 8e.
    a
    atoms volume
    4
    unit cell 2 p ( 3a/4) 3
    3 atom
    APF =
    3 volume
    a
    unit cell Chapter 3 - 6
    Face Centered Cubic Structure (FCC)
    • Atoms touch each other along face diagonals.
    --Note: All atoms are identical; the face-centered atoms are shaded
    differently only for ease of viewing.

    ex: Al, Cu, Au, Pb, Ni, Pt, Ag


    • Coordination # = 12

    Adapted from Fig. 3.1, Callister & Rethwisch 8e.


    Click once on image to start animation
    (Courtesy P.M. Anderson) 4 atoms/unit cell: 6 face x 1/2 + 8 corners x 1/8

    Chapter 3 - 7
    Atomic Packing Factor: FCC
    • APF for a face-centered cubic structure = 0.74
    maximum achievable APF
    Close-packed directions:
    length = 4R = 2 a
    2a
    Unit cell contains:
    6 x 1/2 + 8 x 1/8
    = 4 atoms/unit cell
    a
    Adapted from
    Fig. 3.1(a),
    Callister & atoms volume
    Rethwisch 8e. 4
    unit cell 4 p ( 2a/4) 3
    3 atom
    APF =
    3 volume
    a
    unit cell
    Chapter 3 - 8
    Theoretical Density, r

    Mass of Atoms in Unit Cell


    Density = r =
    Total Volume of Unit Cell

    r =
    nA
    VC NA

    where n = number of atoms/unit cell


    A = atomic weight
    VC = Volume of unit cell = a3 for cubic
    NA = Avogadro’s number
    = 6.022 x 1023 atoms/mol

    Chapter 3 - 9

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