JSS3

BASIC SCIENCE
SECOND TERM
 TABLE OF CONTENT
WEEK 1 & 2 TOPIC: RESOURCES FROM LIVING THINGS

WEEK 3 & 4 TOPIC: RESOURCES FROM NON-LIVING

THINGS (SOLID MINERALS)

WEEK 5 TOPIC: LIGHT ENERGY

WEEK 6 TOPIC: SOUND ENERGY

WEEK 7 & 8 TOPIC: MAGNETISM

WEEK 9 TOPIC: ELECTRIC ENERGY

WEEK 10 TOPIC: SKILL ACQUISITION

 Basic Science JSS 3 Second Term

Week 1 & 2

Topic: Resources from Living Things

Introduction

We grow plants and rear animals for food, to produce materials that could be used for clothing,
shelter and for medicine. Hence, we depend on livings (plants and animals) for resources, such
as beans, melon, orange, cassava, vegetables, cocoyam, meat, diary products as well as hide
and skin.

Resources from Plants

A lot of plant resources are grown in the gardens and farms for food, commercial purposes,
aesthetic values, etc. Such resources from plants include, cotton, rubber, cocoa, groundnut,
oil palm, rice, maize, yam, sugar cane, tobacco, flowers, etc. Plant resources include cash and
food crops. Cash crops are those that bring a lot of money when sold locally or exported.
Examples of cash crops are cocoa, dyes, cotton and rubber. Food crops are those grown
mainly for food though they may be sold locally. They include yam, rice, beans, plantain,
ornages, mangoes etc Food is very important to human beings. The human body uses food

 to produce energy

 for body building, repair and growth

 for protection of health

Four Major groups of plants resources

 Cash Crops

These are crops produced in large quantities mainly for sale, particularly to people within and
outside the country. Cash crops include, wood crops (iroko tree, mahogany, ebony), fibre crops
(cotton),oil crops (groundnut, oil palm, coconut). Others are rice , sugarcane, tobacco, etc.
These crops provide foreign exchange for the country.

 Food Crops

These are plants resources which serve as source of food. These include, vegetables (pumpkin,
lettuce, bitter leaf), root tubers ( yam, cassava), fruits (guava, mangoes, oranges), seeds (beans,
millets), grains (rice, maize), underground crops (carrot, onion), oil plants (groundnut, cotton,
coconut and olive), etc. Food crops provide mainly vitamins and carbohydrates which the body
requires, for growth and development.

 Dyes/Textile
These are liquid substances of plant extracts that are used to charge the colour of cloth
materials, hairs and houses. Dyes can be extracted in natural form from flowers and leaves or
plants e.g. indigo species can be used to dye cloth to make it brighter.

Similarly, crops for textiles are used by textile industries in the production of clothes, ropes,
baskets, etc. An example of crops for textiles include, cotton (for cloth production) while fibres
from sorrel plant, flax, guinea-hemp, sisal and jute whose fibres are used in rope production.
The leaves and fronds of palm tree provide materials for making hats, bags, baskets, etc.

 Drugs/Medicine

Drugs are chemical substances of plants extract used as medicine to cure various health
problems and diseases. Drugs are capable of altering behaviour when they are abused. They
are good when taken properly but dangerous when taken without the doctor’s prescription.
Majority of the drugs both tablets and syrups as well as those in powder forms are resources
from plants roots, barks and leaves e.g. Cincona species, Garlic species, etc.

Resources from Animals

Animal resources are very vital to the existence of human beings. Animals provide resources
which serve as food for growth and development. Such resources include, hide and skin used
in the leather industry as well as raw milk for daily products. In addition, the faeces from animals
are used for the production of organic manure.

 Hides and Skin

These are major animal resources used in the leather industry. Hides are derived from the skin
of large animals, such as camel, horse, buffalo, cattle, etc. Hides are bought, sold or used in
leather industries for the production of shoes, bags, purses, belts, garments, etc. Skin refers to
the skin of smaller animals, such as goat and rabbits. The skin of these animals is edible. Hides
and skins are used to make shoes, bags, belts, leather jackets, luxury chairs and car seat covers.

 Livestock

These are animals mainly birds and mammals that are reared by farmers. Examples of such
animals are goats, sheep, cows, pigs, poultry bird (chicken, turkey, ducks), etc., used for
decoration while droppings from these livestock are used as manure on farms and gardens.

 Diary Products

Dairy is a place on a farm where milk is kept. Dairy products are milk products got from animal
resources such as cow, cattle, etc. The milk which is rich in protein is a major ingredient in the
production of cheese, butter and yogurt for human consumption and for export.
Economic Importance of these Resources

Self-Development

 Plant and animal resources serve as food for growth and development.

 Diary products are rich in protein for replacement of worn out tissues.

 Bones and horns of animal resources are used in making furniture.

 They are sources of drugs for treating various health problems.

Societal Development

 Production of plant and animal resources provide raw materials for manufacturing
industries

 Wealth engenders peace in a nation – by exporting plant and animal resources to earn
money

 Paper and pulp production for the print media.

 Hides and skin are used for leather industries in making bags, rugs, carpets and clothes.

 Flowers for aesthetic purpose in the beautification of homes and major cities.

Assessment

1. Which of these is a Cash crop?

a. Yam
b. Cocoa
c. Beans
d. Corn

2. Of all these, ____ is a food crop

a. Cocoa
b. yam
c. Rubber
d. Dye

3. Hides and Skin can be used to make all of the following except ____
a. shoes
b. bags
c. car seat covers
d. carpet
4. _____ are chemical substances of plants extract used as medicine to cure various health
problems and diseases
a. Drugs
b. Diary
c. Textiles
d. Herbal mixtures

Answers

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. A
 Basic Science JSS 3 Second Term

Week 3 & 4

Topic: Resources from Non-Living Things (Solid Minerals)

Introduction

Minerals are usually natural endowment to particular communities. Minerals are naturally-
occurring substances in the soil. Many minerals resources are found in the environment. Some
are solid in nature, others are liquid in form while some are gaseous in nature. In Nigeria,
minerals abound in many parts of the country. The presence of such minerals has resulted in
the development of such areas. Many industries have been set up to prospect in mineral
resources. Exploitation of minerals has in most cases caused strife, kidnapping and wars as is
witnessed in the Nigerian Niger Delta areas.

Examples of minerals are petroleum, limestone, gold, coal, tin, salt, lead and zinc etc.

Some solid minerals cannot be used in the form in which they are found when dug out of the
soil. They have to be refined into new products, which are useful. The process is called refining.
Refining a mineral is done in factories built for a purpose.

Location of Solid Mineral Resources

Solid minerals are found in some areas in Nigeria

The Map of Nigeria

 Limestone is found in Ewekoro in Ogun State, Nkalagu in Ebonyi State and Ukpilla in Edo
state

 Gold is found in Ilesha in Osun State, Bida (Niger state)

 Tin and columbite is found in Kuru (Plateau State)

 Coal is found in Udi hills (Enugu State)

 Kaolin is found in Umuahia (Abia state)

 Bitumen is found in Ondo state

 Sand is found in Porthacourt (Rivers State)

 Iron is found in Kogi state

 Lead/Zinc is found in Ebonyi

Characteristics of Solid Materials

 Diamond – Hard and lustrous

 Gold – Lustrous

 Coal – Black

 Marble – Milky

 Iron – Grey/brown
Importance of Solid Mineral Resources

 Iron

This is used to make various types of household tools and office equipment like chairs, tables,
door frames, etc. Iron is also used in the construction of bridges and building. Iron ore is used
for manufacturing Iron sheets, rods and weights

 Gold, Silver and Diamond

Gold, silver and diamond are used for making jewelleries, earrings, necklaces, medals and
trophies. The wealth of a nation in foreign reserve is determine in gold value.

 Coal

Coal is extracted unrefined and used for cooking. Also used in generating fuel. When
processed, it can be converted into other useful materials like chemicals, paints, dye and
fertilizers. It is also used to generate power, which is used to move trains.

 Clay

Clay is a grayish sticky substance. It is useful in pottery industries. Sometimes, it combines

with limestone and can be used to make cement and chalk.

 Limestone

Limestone is a major material for the manufacture of cement used for building houses,
construction of bridges, etc.

 Sand

Used in making glass.

 Bitumen

For tarring road surfaces

 Zinc

For making roofing sheets

 Lead

For making car batteries

Assessment

1. Which of these is not a solid mineral

a. Gold
b. Iron
 c. Petroleum
d. Coal

2. Which of these solid materials is used for the production of cement

a. Gold
b. Coal
c. Limestone
d. Iron

3. Roofing sheets are made from

a. Bitumen
b. Zinc
c. Coal
d. Gold

4. _____ can be found in Udi hills

a. Bitumen
b. Zinc
c. Coal
d. Gold

5. _____ is used in making glass

a. Sand
b. Zinc
c. Coal
d. Gold

Answers

1. D

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. A
 Basic Science JSS3 Second Term

Week 5

Topic: Light Energy

Introduction

Light is a form of energy. Light energy possesses different properties which make this form of
energy very useful to man. Some of these properties include, reflection, refraction, apparent
depth in liquids, producing vision in the eye and dispersion or capability of being separated
into various colours of the rainbow.

The Concept of Reflection of Light

Reflection is one of the properties of light. It occurs whenever a ray of light strikes a plane or
polished smooth surface, such as a mirror.

Note the following terms which are used in explain reflection of light:

 The line NO is called the normal to the reflecting surface. It is a perpendicular line at O,
the point of incidence.

 IO is the incidence ray

 OR is the reflected ray

 Angle ION is the angle of incidence

 Angle NOR is the angle of reflection

Law of reflection state that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection. Thus io =
ro

Reflection occurs at smooth, polished or silvered surfaces whether they are plane or curved.

The Concept of Refraction of Light

Refraction is the bending of light ray when it travels from one medium to another of different
density. When the light travels from a dense medium (e.g. water) to a less dense medium (e.g.
air), the emergent light ray is bent away from the normal whereas when the light travels from a
less dense medium (e.g. air) to a dense medium (e.g. water or glass)

When light travels from air into water, it slows down, causing it to change direction slightly. This
change of direction is called refraction. When light enters a more dense substance (higher
refractive index), it ‘bends’ more towards the normal line.

Note that refraction occurs whenever light passes from one medium to another medium of
different densities e.g. air to water, glass to water, etc.

Apparent Depth

The bottom of a bucket or beaker appears to be lifted up making the water in the beaker to
appear shallower than it actually is. This phenomenon could be dangerous for large and deep
pools of water, such as rivers or swimming pools. Apparent depth could be deceptive to
children, swimmers and divers who may imagine that the depth of water is small. Such
situations had led to the drowning of swimmers and divers.

The Eye and Vision

This is the organ for seeing (sight). With our eyes, we can see things in their varying colours,
shapes, sizes, etc. We have two eyes (a pair of eyes) that enable us to have a wide vision.
Parts of the Eye and functions

 Sclera: tough outer white layer of the wall of the eye.

 Cornea: transparent ‘window’ of the eye, focusing of light on the retina.

 Iris: the coloured sheet of muscle, controls the pupil size so controls entry of light.

 Pupil: a hole in the iris letting light into the back of the eye.

 Ciliary Body: a ring of muscle controlling the shape of the lens.

 Suspensory Ligaments: transfer the pull of the ciliary body to the lens.

 Lens: accommodation — the fine adjustment to the focusing of light onto the retina.

 Retina: light sensitive layer of rods and cones converting light into nerve impulses.

 Fovea or Yellow Spot: a tiny area of densely packed cones for detailed and coloured
vision.

 Choroid: a black-pigmented layer preventing internal reflection of light.

 Blind Spot: exit point of the optic nerve cutting through the retina so no rods or cones
here.

 Optic Nerve: carries the impulses from the rods and cones to the visual centre of the
brain.

 Aqueous Humour: a clear liquid in front of the lens maintaining the shape of the cornea.

 Vitreous Humour: a clear jelly offering support and shape to the back of the eye.

We see an object by the light, which leaves the object and enters the eye. The light enters
the eye through the circular opening called the pupils. It strikes the eye lens, which
converges it to form an image on the retina.
When the light is too bright, the pupil contracts to make the circular opening smaller, if the
light is dull, the pupil opens wider to admit more light. Focusing the image on the retina is
achieved by altering the focal length of the eye lens. This is achieved by the contraction or
relaxation of the ciliary muscles. The power of the eye to do this is called accommodation.

Dispersion and Rainbow

In this phenomenon, white light is separated into the various component colours, which are
red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet (ROYGBIV). The separation of white light into
the various component colours by a glass prism is called dispersion. The coloured patch of
light is called spectrum. A pure spectrum is one in which the colours do not overlap.

Water droplets in the atmosphere behave in a similar way with the prism. That is how the
rainbow is formed in the sky by droplets of water, which hang in the atmosphere.

Assessment

Briefly define the following terms;

 Light

 Reflection

 Apparent Depth
 Basic Science JSS3 Second Term

Week 6

Topic: Sound Energy

Introduction

Sound is one of many forms of energy with which you must be familiar. Sound is a property of
vibrating objects. These objects may be solids, liquids or gases.

Production of Sound

Sound can be produced by different types of objects. Some of the sound are appealing to the ear
while others are not. However, you would have observed that there is something common to all
sounding objects.

Transmission of Sound

Sound is propagated by means of longitudinal waves though an elastic medium. Typically, such a
medium would be air, although sound may be transmitted through liquids and solids. The medium,
air for example will at any instant have zones of COMPRESSION, where the air is more dense, and
regions of RAREFACTION, where the air is less dense. Apart from transmission through the air,
sound is also transmitted through metals and pipes. The sound may however be converted to
electrical signals if it has to travel very long distances as the case of land telephones.

Reflection of Sound

Sound waves can be reflected in the same way as light waves. Sound waves are reflected by hard
surfaces such as walls, rock and large concrete structures.

When you stood afar from a tall hill, a big building or a cave and you called a friend, after a short
while you hear the call again. The phenomenon occurs as a result of the reflection of sound you
made. The reflection of sound by a hard object, such as rock is called echo.
Hearing

The ear is an organ of hearing and also helps in maintaining balance. Each person has two ears.
The ear has three major parts namely: the outer part, the middle part and the inner part.

With our ears, sounds are heard and the direction from where the sounds are coming from is also
known. Sound from the environment reaches the outer ear as vibration in the air. These vibrations
are carried through the external auditory meatus to the eardrum which is the opening of the outer
ear. The eardrum vibrates and passes the vibrations to the ear bones called the ossicles, which are
in the middle ear. The ossicles also vibrate and transmit these vibrations to the oval window. The
vibration of the oval window stimulates the sensory cells of the walls of the cochlea where the nerve
endings are found and the nerve endings now pick the vibration (message) to the brain for
interpretation and are sent back for response through the same nerves. The nerves ending
responsible for this are called auditory nerves. Once the interpretation is made, we hear the sound
and also detect the direction of the sound.

Assessment

Enumerate on the following;

 Transmission of sound
 Reflection of sound
 Basic Science JSS 3 Second Term

Week 7 & 8

Topic: Magnetism

Introduction

Magnets are substances that generally attract object towards themselves. Magnets are
important in many areas of science, for example, they are used in radio communication,
telegraphs, computers, electric generators, loudspeakers, electromagnets, etc. Apart from
these, the properties of magnets make their study interesting and fascinating for young and
developing scientists.

Lodestone

Lodestone is a naturally occurring magnetic oxide of iron. It is therefore a natural. This natural
magnet was first discovered in china over 2000 years ago. Observations made at that time
revealed that a bar of lodestone which is suspended so that it can swing freely would always
point appropriately in a North-South direction. It was equally discovered that iron and steel
objects were equally attracted by lodestone and the attraction was mainly towards the ends
of the bar.

Lodestone is now known to be a magnetic mineral (magnetic iron oxide). It is a natural

magnet.

Law of Magnetism

Magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert an attractive or repulsive force
on other materials. Some well known materials that exhibit easily detectable magnetic
properties are iron, some steels, and the mineral lodestone; however, all materials are
influenced to one degree or another by the presence of a magnetic field, although in most
cases the influence is too small to detect without special equipment.
If we put a bar magnet in a plate of iron filings, on bringing out the bar magnet, it is noticed
that the iron-filings cling to the magnet with most of them clinging in heavy bunches or clusters
around the ends of the magnet. These ends of the bar magnet where the iron filings
concentrate are called the poles of the magnet. Such substances that can be attracted by a
magnet are known as magnetic substances and this ability of a magnet to attract magnetic
substances is called magnetism.

Magnetic Poles and Fields

The position of the magnetic poles on an unmarked magnet may be identified by using iron
fillings or magnetic plotting compass. By spreading iron fillings over a broad cardboard paper,
placing the paper over a bar magnet and then tapping cluster mostly around the two poles of
the magnet,

Alternatively, a plane drawing paper may be placed above the magnet and a magnetic compass
needle use to trace the lines of magnetic force on the surface. The outline of the magnet is
first traced out. at each point as the compass needle is moved a little at a time, the position of
its centre is marked out to trace the path of line of force which will start from a North pole and
end at the south pole. Thus, the magnetic line of force is the path a North pole would take if
left in the field. The magnetic field is that region of space where magnetic force could be felt.

Also not that:

Uniform earth field, lines of force are parallel and equally spaced.

Field for two opposite isolated poles e.g. N-S lines run from North to South pole.
Two isolated similar poles e.g. N-N with a neutral point occurring in between.

Care of Magnets

1. Magnets are useful delicate instruments. Like other equipment of the science laboratory,
magnets require care for them to be active for a long time. For them to last:

2. They must not be dropped carelessly. Careless dropping disorganizes the magnetic
domain of the bar.

3. They should not be heated because heating destroys magnetic property

4. They should not be hammered because hammering leads to loss of magnetic effect.

5. Bar magnets should be stored in pairs so that at each ends there should be N-S with soft
iron bridge.

Assessment

 State the law of magnetism

 Name four ways to take care of Magnets

 Basic Science JSS 3 Second Term

Week 9

Topic: Electric Energy

Introduction

Electrical energy plays a dominant role in the economic and social development of nations. It
is extensively used in industries, offices and homes for carrying out numerous essential
operations. Electrical energy provides a reliable, pollution free energy option for both domestic
and industrial purposes.

Concept of Electron Flow

Electrons are tiny negatively charged particles that are found in the atom. The electron moves
freely inside the atoms of electrical conductors such as metals. Electrons are invisible to the
eye but the effect of their movement can be seen and even measured in every electrical circuit.
It is the flow of electrons that produce the flow of electric current

One of the conditions for obtaining electric current is the provision of potential difference
between two points. If two such points with a difference in potential are joined together with a
metallic conductor such as wire, electrons flow from the low potential point to the higher
potential point, whereas electric current would flow from the high potential to the low potential
point.

The diagram shows the flow of electrons and current in a closed circuit
Series and Parallel Circuits

The two major ways of connecting electrical circuits are in series or in parallel. In series circuit,
circuit elements are joined end to end so that the same current flows through each circuit
element in turn, while the potential difference across elements will differ.

In the case of parallel circuit, elements are connected in such a way that the high potential
terminal of two circuit elements are joined to one point and the two low potential terminals of
the two elements are joined to another point in the circuit. This arrangement is such that there
is a uniform potential difference across the two elements whereas the currents flowing in them
differ.

Ammeter and Voltmeter

Ammeters and voltmeters are two of the most commonly used measuring instruments in
electric circuits. The ammeter is a low resistance instrument which is connected in series circuit
in order to measure the value of the current flowing. The resistance of the ammeter is small so
that it does not draw much current for its operation. Electric current is measured in Ampere

The voltmeter is a high resistance instrument that is usually connected in parallel with a circuit
element so that the potential difference across the element may be measured. In this
arrangement, most of the electric current flows through the circuit element while only a little
current flows through the circuit element while only a little current flows through the voltmeter.
The unit of measurement of potential difference is the Volt

House Circuit

Houses are wired in parallel because of some advantages of parallel circuit. An example is that
if one bulb in a house burns out, others will stay on. However, in a series circuit, all bulbs go off
as soon as one of them burns out.

The following elements are in a house circuit: control switch, meter box, fuse box, switches,
sockets, lamps and circuit breakers. The functions are as follow:

 Control Switch: This is used to put off every supply to the house when repairs or
installation are being made

 Meter Box: This contains the meter used in measuring energy consumption in the home

 Fuse Box: This contains low resistance devices called fuses which melt to cut supply of
parts of the house controlled by them when excessive current is being drawn or when there
is a sudden bridging in circuit.

 Switches: These are commercially made keys for switching on or off of electric appliances
in the house. Examples are the light switch and the fan switch.

 Sockets: These are protected terminals provided to enable devices to be connected when
required. Refrigerators, radios, grinders and television sets are usually connected to wall
sockets in the home

 Circuit Breaker: This is a modern device that is introduced into house circuits to increase
safety in the use of electricity in the home. If there is a short circuit, a large current is drawn
through the device which the heats up and breaks the circuit. Some of such devices will
fail to reconnect unless the fault has been ratified.
 Electric Meter Reading and Billing

The electric meter is installed in house where the Power Holding Authority can access and
read them to provide bills for energy use. When an appliance connected to the circuit is
switched on in the house, the meter starts to read. You can read the current value consumed
energy through the glass covering the meter.

An example of a meter reading form is provided below:

Month: July 2007

Meter Reading Units Consumed Cost per Unit Total Amount #

Previous Present To be paid

47896 48167 271 #4.00 1084.00

Assessment

Briefly define the following;

 Electrons

 Ammeter

 Voltmeter

 Circuit
 Basic Science JSS 3 Second Term

Week 10

Topic: Skill Acquisition

Introduction

We are living in a very competitive age in which the employers of labour want to hire only the
best applicants while the applicant wants to sell his/her services to the employer that offers
the best returns. The level of skill which an employee has, determines to a large extent the level
of his/her pay as well as the value which the organization places on him/her. Generally, the
skills possessed by individuals make the difference in the level of their achievement in life. In
any endeavour, a skilled person always produces a better quality output than any unskilled
person.

Meaning of Skill Acquisition

Skill acquisition may be viewed as the process of making superlative output a general
characteristic of one’s behaviour in a given field. It involves a gradual change from less
effective behaviour to extremely proficient one. A skilled worker is one who is adept in his/her
trade or a person who has attained excellence in a particular trade or understanding. Skill
acquisition therefore involves painstaking effort, discipline, practice and drill as well as reviews.

Reasons for Skill Acquisition

Some of the reasons for acquisition of skill may be obvious to you by now. For example, the
instances of international footballers and computer programmers who are valued all over the
world and receive higher pay than most company executives become pertinent. More
importantly other essential reasons include:

1. Taking Risks: Taking risks have become a way of life for the scientist, such as in performing
unusual experiments or working with untested substances. These could lead to poisoning,
injury, explosion or even death. Such scientists require special skills and techniques in order
to be successful.

2. Decision Making: people are faced with decision making situations on a daily basis, e.g.
whether to take the sick to the hospital or to go to a herbal clinic; whether to go to school or
drop out, etc. the problem here is how to make good and effective decision. Good decision
making would involve a thorough mastery of the problem domain.

3. Managing Emergency Situations: Emergency situations generally occur suddenly when

people are not prepared for them. Some emergency situations, such as aeroplane crash, motor
vehicle crash, fire disasters, kerosene explosion and flood have occurred in the past. Effective
skills for managing such situations have to be taught and learned.
4. Survival Strategy: These are a number of things which people do consciously or
unconsciously which are directed at individual or group survival. Examples include, wearing of
clothes to protect the body from cold and heat, eating balanced diet for more efficient body
functioning, building and living in houses, seeking medical care when sick, etc. People have
learnt and acquired proficient skills for selecting fabrics and making clothes, preparing and
preserving food, designing and constructing houses, providing and sustaining medical care,
etc. All these are part of survival strategies adopted by man.

5. Learning to Live Together: Man by nature lives in communities. It is not usual that a man
should live an isolated life because people in a community depend on one another for their
various needs. It is therefore important that individuals in a community must understand and
respect the customs and traditions and even the laws and other regulations that make for
orderliness in society.

Types of Skills

There are many types of skills that are practiced in the society. A few of them will be
highlighted here. These include:

1. Farming Skill: in farming, there are many people who practice the skill of rearing day-old
chickens, broilers, cockrails and eggs, sheep, goats and cows, fish and shrimps. Some others
have the skill in producing cereals, legumes, fruits and vegetables. All these are some of the
skills possessed by farmers.

2. Basic Computer Literacy: Everybody in this age needs to acquire basic computer literacy.
The reason is that the computer has acquired an immense stature as a handy device for
storing, sending and finding information. It is also a device for learning as well as
entertainment. It has an unequalled speed with any other machine that man had made.

Parts of Computer and their Uses

 Central processing unit (CPU): Is the main computer in which information or data are
processed and stored

 Monitor: Contains the screen on which processed information or data are displayed.

 Keyboard: Is the device for feeding information into the computer or giving information to the
computer and directing it on a particular job and job sequence to be carried out.

 Mouse: Is another device for navigating through computer programmes.

 The uninterrupted power supply unit

 Printer
3. Photography: Is the technique of capturing an event, a scene or a thing on a picture. This
could be printed and viewed on a card or projected screen. A picture is an image.

4. Internet: Internet is a name given to a network of computers which are linked through servers.
The internet hosts servers from linked organizations worldwide from which web pages could
be reached linking users to various types of essential information and data. International
website addresses usually begin with the letters www signifying World Wide Web.

5. Internet Browsing and E-mail Operation: The internet browsing entails searching for required
or data. In order to do this, one gets connected to the internet and employs a search engine
such as google, and then types in the websites address. E-mail operation is the art of opening
and operating a website address for forwarding and receiving mails and other data through
the computer. In order to do this, one needs to open an e-mail address with one of the e-mail
operators, such as yahoomail, hotmail, gmail, etc. an e-mail address may be of the
form choices@yahoo.com or oluwole@gmail.com .

6. Fax: Fax stands for the shortened form of the word, facsimile, meaning exact copy of writing,
picture or print. The fax machine is a microcomputer application for capturing and forwarding
exact copy of classified documents to designated places where they may be required for
various purposes.

7. Desktop Publishing and Networking: Desktop publishing has to do with the use of the
computer for compiling, producing and disseminating information and reading materials
without going through the rigour of passing through a publisher. Networking entails the linking
up of computers through local area connection via cables or servers and joining these servers
through the satellite to servers in other parts of the world (internet). Local area network link
computers on the net together so that they can share information or work simultaneously on
the same or different aspects of a project.

Importance of Skill Acquisition

 The following are some of the importance of skill acquisition:

 Acquisition of functional literacy by all

 Provision of various rewarding means of livelihood and development

 Provision of various enjoyable games, leisure and entertainment

 Widening opportunities of attaining fame

Improved Quality of Life

 People become increasingly aware of practices that help to improve life expectancy

 People learn how to obtain help and information quickly and correctly.
 Easy and convenient communication, such as through the phone, e-mail and money transfer.

 The feat performed by the computer and related items helps man to appreciate the immense
potential of the human capacity.

Assessment

 Briefly explain the reasons for skill acquisition

 State the importance of skill acquisition