Mash Room Cultivation
Mash Room Cultivation
mushroom cultivation
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EDI
Mushroom cultivation has been a great source of income for centuries even as the farming took
its organized shape in India only recently. The cultivation of this nutritious vegetarian delicacy --
rich in protein, vitamins, minerals, folic acid and iron – in controlled conditions started recently in
India.
a) Button Mushroom
b) Dhingri (Oyster)
c) Paddy Straw Mushroom
Market Potential
Market for mushroom is growing rapidly owing to nutritious values and special tastes. The main
consumers of mushrooms are Chinese food restaurant, hotels, clubs and households as well. The
growing domestic and export market as also the delicacy and food value provides extensive and
good potential for cultivation of mushroom. There is also growing market for processed, dried
and packed mushrooms as their shelf life is longer.
In 2011-12, the production of mushrooms was at 6,983.23 quintals, out of which 5,442 quintals
were from Jammu division and 1,541.23 quintals from Kashmir.
For successful cultivation, careful attention has to be paid to three aspects – good compost,
mushroom seeds and right temperature during growing period.
Natural compost is prepared from horse dung and wheat or barley straw. Some quantity of
chicken manure and three kilograms of urea per ton of compost can be added.
Mushrooms are grown in wooden trays or boxes of 100 cm x 50 cm x 15 cm. They are filled well
with the compost and pressed firmly leaving 3 cm clear space on top of the tray. The seed is
scattered on the surface of the compost which is then covered with a thin layer of compost.
After that the trays are covered with old newspaper sheets and water is sprayed to provide
humidity. The trays are then stacked vertically. At a temperature of around 24 - 25 degrees Celsius
white cottony mycelium (fungus) spreads and permeates through the compost.
Ultimately, the surface of the compost is covered with half to one inch level
of casing soil. It is sterilized to kill insects, nematodes and molds. The casing
soil is spread over plastic sheets and treated with formalin and stirred
frequently for a week to remove formation fumes. After casing, the
temperature has to be maintained at 24-25 degree Celsius for three
days after which it must be lowered to 18 degree Celsius. Thus, batches of
trays must be arranged in such a way that there is a regular production.
Mushroom Processing
Fresh mushrooms are washed in cold water and then blanched in boiling water for around 34
minutes. Then they are dehydrated in drier and packed. It is advisable to pre-treat fresh
mushrooms in a solution containing salt water to prevent discoloration.
Packing is very critical as formation of moisture contaminates mushrooms very quickly. Hence
plain cans and water of 2 percent salt and 0.2 percent citric acid are used for packing.
The cans are exhausted at 19O degree Celsius for 7-8 minutes, sealed and processed under
pressure for around half an hour. Yield of final product depends up on the quality of dryer,
manufacturing process employed, moisture content in fresh mushrooms and moisture required
in the final product. Hence, average yield is taken at 25 percent.
Costs for establishing 400 trays mushroom cultivation unit or four batches in a year
(in Rs)
Earning
Land
- Area: ½ kanals
- Lease deed, No Objection Certificate from Pollution Control Board.
Building
Size of different sheds: 25 X 20 (2 Rooms)
Equipment
1. Stacking Trays/Wooden Trays 400
2. Spray Pump with two attachments 1
3. Water Tank 1
4. Thermometer 1
5. Weighing Scale 1
6. Hot and Cold AC 2
7. Disposable Gloves 5
Raw Materials:
1. Wheat/ rice bran
2. Poultry waste
3. Urea
4. Potash
5. Choker
6. Oil cakes
7. Molasses
8. Gypsum
9. Peat soil
10. Soil
11. Spawn
12. Waste paper/newspapers
Investment
- Check various schemes at JKEDI
Buyers
- Domestic Market like Households, Hotels and Restaurants.
- National Market
- Export Markets
Suppliers
-Registered dealers of:
- Equipments
- Chemicals
- Spawn
- Peat soil
- Molasses
- Gypsum
designs /b7/info/p
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Disclaimer: Users of this document should not solely rely on the information contained here and are advised
to consult domain experts prior to the start of their venture based on the identified market opportunity.