Force and Motion-Notes-1

Force and motion
Force
Force is measured by the acceleration it produces

When two or more forces act on a body, we can find their net
force, or resultant force, by adding the individual forces
vectorially.
A single force that has the magnitude and direction of the net
force has the same effect on the
body as all the individual forces together.
This fact is called the principle of superposition
for forces.
Problem - 1
Problem - 1
Problem - 1
Problem - 2
❑Which of the figure’s six arrangements correctly show the vector
addition of forces F1 and F2 to yield the third vector, which is
meant to represent net force Fnet?
❑Ans: c, d and e
Mass
Everyday experience tells us that a given force produces different magnitudes of acceleration for different bodies.
Put a baseball and a bowling ball on the floor and give both the same sharp kick. Even if you don’t actually do
this, you know the result:
The baseball receives a noticeably larger acceleration than the bowling ball.
The two accelerations differ because the mass of the baseball differs from the mass of the bowling ball—but
what, exactly, is mass?
Bowling ball weighs much more than the baseball.
Mass of a body is the characteristic that relates a force on the body to the resulting acceleration.
Mass
❖Mass is an intrinsic characteristic of a body
❖Mass of a body relates a force acting on a body to the resulting

acceleration
❖The ratio of the masses of two bodies m0 and mx is equal to

inverse of their acceleration a0 and ax when same force is applied
to both bodies
❖ mx/m0 = a0/ax
Newton’s Second Law
❖The net force Fnet acting on a body is equal to the
product of the body mass m and its acceleration a
Fnet = ma; a= Fnet / m
❖Acceleration component along a given axis is caused

only by sum of forces component along that axis
ax = Fnet,x /m ; ay = Fnet,y /m ; az = Fnet,z /m
❖SI unit of force Newton (N)

1N= 1kg.m/s2
Problem - 3
The figure here shows two F= F3 +5-3=0

horizontal forces acting on a Then F3 =-5+3= -2 N
block on a frictionless floor.
in both cases (a) and (b)
If a third horizontal force F3 also
acts on the block, what are the
magnitude and direction of F3
when the block is:
(a) stationary
(b) moving to the left with a
constant speed 5 m/s?
Problem - 4
The figure shows overhead views of
four situations in which two forces
accelerate the same block across a Calculate Fnet= F1 + F2
frictionless floor. Rank the situation (a) (1) Fnet=5+3=8
according to the magnitudes of (2) Fnet=5-3=2
(a) the net force on the block and (3) Fnet= (52+32)=34~6
(b) The acceleration of the block, (4) Fnet=[(5+3cos)2+(3sin)2] > 6
greatest first Ans: (1),(4), (3), (2)
(b) Acceleration of block a
a = Fnet/ constant block mass
The order of acceleration is same as that of
Fnet
Ans: (1),(4), (3), (2)
Ch 5-7: Some Particular Forces
Gravitational Force Fg:
The force with which a body is pulled

towards earth. Downward force –Fg= m(-|g|)
Weight:
Equals the magnitude of a net force

required to prevent the body from falling
freely, as measured on the ground.
weight |W| = |Fg|
Free-body Diagram
Free-body Diagram
Normal Force (FN)
❖Normal Force FN :
When a body presses against
a surface, the surface pushes the
body with a normal force FN, that is
⊥ to the surface.
For a block resting on a table
FN = mg
❖Tension Force T:
It is the force applied to a body
through a cord, pulled taut opposite
to object. For a mass less cord , the
pulls at both ends of the cord has
same magnitude T
Tension Force (T)
❖Tension Force T:
It is the force applied to a
body through a cord, pulled taut
opposite to object. For a mass less
cord , the pulls at both ends of the
cord has same magnitude T
Problem - 5
❑ In figure shown below, is the magnitude of
the normal force FN greater than, less than,
or equal to mg if the block and table are in
(a) For constant speed
an elevator moving upward
Fnet=0= FN – mg=0
(a) at constant speed FN = mg
(b) at increasing speed
(b) For increasing speed
Fnet=ma= FN – mg
FN = ma + mg
FN > mg
Problem - 6
(a) For constant speed
❖ The suspended body in the figure (c) weighs 75 Fnet=0= T – mg=0
N. Is T equal to greater than, less than 75 N T = mg = 75 N
when body is moving upward at
(a) constant speed (b) For increasing speed
(b) at increasing speed Fnet=ma = T – mg
(c) at decreasing speed T = ma + mg
T > mg
(c) For decreasing speed
Fnet=-ma = T – mg
T = mg - ma
T < mg
Newton’s Third Law
❖Newton’s Third Law:

When two bodies interact, the
forces on the bodies from each
other are always equal in
magnitude and opposite in
direction.
❖For the book and crate
FBC=-FCB
❖FBC and FCB are called third-law
force pair
FBC and FCB are also called
action and reaction forces pair
Problem - 7
Problem - 8
Applying Newton’s Laws
Problem-solving strategy:
❖ Draw a simple and neat diagram of the system
❖ Isolate the object whose motion is being analyzed.
Draw free-body diagram for this object for the
external forces acting on the object
❖ Establish convenient coordinate axes for each
object. Find component of forces along these
axes. Apply Newton’s Second Law F=ma in
component form.
❖ Solve the component equations for the unknowns
✓For (a)
Fy=FN-Fgs=May=0; FN= Fgs
Fx=Max=T=Ma; T=Ma
✓For (b)
Fx=0
Fy=T-FgH=T-mg=-ma
T=m(g-a) and T=Ma
Solve for a
a =mg/(m+M)
Sample Problem -9
❑Find T1, T2 and T3 ?;
❑For (a)
Fy=T3-Fg=0; T3= Fg=mg and Fx=0
❑For (b)
Fx=T2cos 47-T1cos 28=0
T2cos 47=T1cos 28 ……(1)
Fy= T2 sin 47+T1 sin 28-T3=0
T2 sin 47+T1 sin 28=T3 ….(2)
Solve eq. (1) and (2) to get T1 and
T2
Sample Problem 10
❑Find T and FN if  = 27º

❑Resolving force Fg=mg along and
the plane and perpendicular to
the plane
❑T-mg sin = 0; T= mg sin 
❑Also FN-mg cos  =0

Then FN= mg cos 
Checkpoint 5-7
❑ In the figure , horizontal force F is applied to

❑ Ans:
a block on a ramp.
(a) Fsin ⊥ to ramp
(a) Is the component of F that is perpendicular to (b) F ⊥ to ramp=
the ramp Fcos or Fsin
N-mgcos- Fsin =0
(b) Does the presence of F increases or decreases Then N= mgcos+ Fsin
the magnitude of the normal force on the block
Fsin increases the
from the ramp? magnitude of the
normal force on the
block from the ramp
Problem - 11
In the figure , what does the scale read Answer

if the elevator cable breaks sp that In free fall
the cab falls freely ; that is what is F = N-Fg=-Fg
the apparent weight of the passenger
in free fall?
Apparent weight N
N= -Fg+Fg = 0

Force and Motion-Notes-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Force and Motion-Notes-1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Force and Motion-Notes-1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Force and motion

Force is measured by the acceleration it produces

addition of forces F1 and F2 to yield the third vector, which is

meant to represent net force Fnet?

Bowling ball weighs much more than the baseball.

❖Mass is an intrinsic characteristic of a body

❖Mass of a body relates a force acting on a body to the resulting

❖The ratio of the masses of two bodies m0 and mx is equal to

❖Acceleration component along a given axis is caused

❖SI unit of force Newton (N)

The figure here shows two F= F3 +5-3=0

The force with which a body is pulled

Equals the magnitude of a net force

❖Newton’s Third Law:

❑Find T1, T2 and T3 ?;

❑Find T and FN if  = 27º

❑Also FN-mg cos  =0

❑ In the figure , horizontal force F is applied to

In the figure , what does the scale read Answer

You might also like

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.