What is surface area? What is volume?

Surface area is the area that a surface covers (the area of all faces added together). For Volume is the amount of space contained within a shape. For example,
example, how much paint to use when painting a box. The best way to think about surface how much water a box can store or how much water in a swimming pool.
area is the amount of space covering the outside of a shape i.e. everything you can touch Volume is about what fits inside/how much space an object has which is
on the outside of the shape. In order go find the surface area of 3D shapes we must lay known as capacity.
them flat (consider the net) and then add up the areas of all the flat shapes formed. It is important to find understand what a cross section is. A cross section is like a view into
the inside of something made by cutting through it. For example, this is a cross-section of a
tomato.

What is depth? How far back a shape goes.

Volume =area cross section x depth
surface area = add up all the individual areas of each shape when laid flat

Volume = area of cross section × depth Volume = area of cross section × depth
= area of rectangle × depth= 𝑎𝑐𝑏 = area of rectangle × depth= 𝑎𝑏𝑐

Shape Surface Area Volume

Cuboid/
Cube

area of top + area of bottom + area of front + area of back + area of left side + area of right side
area of cross section × depth
=ac + ac + ab +𝑎𝑏 + bc + 𝑏𝑐 = area of rectangle × depth = 𝑎𝑐𝑏
Prism

area of base rectangle + area of left rectangle + area of right rectangle+ area of back triangle + area of front triangle

! ! area of cross section × depth

=ac + cd + cd + bd + bd !
" " = area of triangle × depth= 𝑏ℎ𝑐
"
Note: You’ll need to use Pythagoras if not given the base or height of the triangle (we need these lengths for the area)
Cylinder

area of top circle + area of bottom circle + area of a rectangle

= 𝜋𝑟 " + 𝜋𝑟 " + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ area of cross section × depth

=area of a circle ×depth= 𝜋𝑟 " ℎ

2𝜋𝑟 ! + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ
𝜋𝑟 ! ℎ
Cone Here the cross sections are not the same throughout the
shape

So, we cannot use the formula

area of cross section ×depth =area of a circle ×depth.
Instead, we rely on a formula. If you know the
area of circle + area of sector volume of a cylinder, you can easily remember the
formula for the volume of a cone.
= 𝜋 𝑟 " + area of sector
The problem here is that we don’t readily know the angle 𝜃 in order to find the area of the sector part. We have to do
quite a bit of work to find it. Instead, we must we just memorise the formula.

𝜋𝑟 ! + 𝜋𝑟𝑙
"
Note: You’ll need to use Pythagoras if not given the height, radius or slant length. 𝜋𝑟 #
#
Frustrum

! !
If given H and 𝒉 : 𝜋𝑅 " (𝐻 + ℎ) − 𝜋𝑟 " ℎ
# #

You are never asked to find the surface area of a frustrum, but it has been included for completeness. You only have Use similar triangles if not give one of the radii.
to know how to find the volume. This should make sense as it is the area of the
bigger cone take away the area of the smaller
cone.
𝜋(𝑟 + 𝑅)>(𝑅 − 𝑟)" + ℎ" + 𝜋𝑟 " + 𝜋𝑅 " !
If not given 𝒉: 𝜋𝐻(𝑅 " + 𝑅𝑟 + 𝑟 " )
#
Sphere A sphere has no flat surfaces, it is a continuous curve. We can’t easily add up the areas. Like with a cone, the cross sections are not the
same throughout the shape, so we cannot use the
formula area of a circle ×depth.

However, we can do the following. Take an orange. Cut the orange in half. Using one half of the orange only, draw four
circles around it on a single piece of paper. Peel all of the orange and place all the peeled pieces in each of the circles

$
𝜋𝑟 #
The surface area of an orange or any sphere covers four drawn #
out circles.
4×area of the circle = 4 oranges = 4𝜋𝑟 "

4𝜋𝑟 !
Hemi-
Sphere

Watch out for hemispheres! When we half a sphere we must also add on the circle that we expose by cutting it. The
green circle below is now covering the outside of the shape.
678 $
+ 𝜋𝑟 9 = 3𝜋𝑟 9
9
!
3𝜋𝑟 # 𝜋𝑟 #
#
Pyramid Again, the cross sections are not the same
throughout the shape.

It doesn’t matter whether the base is a

circle a square/rectangle

area of base rectangle + area of pink triangle + area of blue triangle+ area of purple triangle + area of yellow triangle

! ! ! !
= bc + 𝑎𝑠" + 𝑎𝑠" + a𝑠! + 𝑎𝑠!
" " " "
or even an irregular base such a wobbly one!
Note: You’ll need to use 3D trig knowledge to find the any of the lengths if not given them

!
The volume is still given by (area of base) ×height
#

Note: You’ll need to use 3D trig knowledge to find the

height of a pyramid if not given it

1
(base area)(height)
3
Did you know that the volume of a pyramid also
!
applies to the volume of a cone? V= (𝜋𝑟 " )ℎ
#

Some cool facts:

There is a nice way that you can remember the difference between the volume and surface area of a sphere if you have covered integration and differentiation. The integral of the surface area of a sphere is equal to
the volume and the derivative of the volume gives you the surface area.
"#$ ! & "#$ !
∫ surface area of a sphere = ∫ 4𝜋𝑟 ! 𝑑𝑟 = %
= volume of a sphere and derivative of volume of a sphere =
&$
B
%
C = 4𝜋𝑟 ! = surface area of a sphere
&'
Going off topic from 3D shapes, did you know that you can do the same thing for 2D shapes with the area of a circle to get the circumference? 𝐴 = 𝜋𝑟 ! ⟹ = 2𝜋𝑟
&$

Another cool fact: The volume of a cone + volume of sphere = volume of a cylinder (if all 3 shapes have the same height and diameter of course)
 Examples
Find the surface area and volume of the following shape

Answer

Surface area: Volume:

The surface area is the area of every side added together.

Imagine every side laid flat and add up all their individual
areas

This is the area of 2 trapezia + area of 4 rectangles

The 2 trapezia are located at the front and back and the 4
rectangles are located on the left, right, top and bottom

1 1
= (5 + 10)(6) + (5 + 10)(6) + 4 (17) + 7 (17) Area of cross section = area of blue shaded
2 2
+ 5(17) + 10(17) G
trapezium = 9 (5 + 10)(6) = 45 𝑐𝑚9

= 532 𝑐𝑚9
area of cross section × depth
= 45 × 17 = 765 𝑐𝑚H

The diagram shows a prism with length 22 cm. The cross section of the prism is a right-angled triangle with sides 2 cm
and 5 cm.

i. Calculate the total surface area of the prism

ii. Calculate the volume of the prism
Answer

Surface area: Volume:

The surface area is the area of every side added together.
Imagine every side laid flat and add up all their individual
areas

This is the area of 2 identical triangles + area of 3 different

rectangles

We don’t have the base of the triangle

We need to use Pythagoras to find the base Area of cross section = area of blue shaded
G
𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 = 759 − 29 = √21 triangle = 9 (√21)(2) = √21 𝑐𝑚9

G G Volume =area of cross section × depth

Surface area = :√21;(2) + :√21;(2) + √21(22) +
9 9
2(22) + 5(22) = √21 × 22 = 100.8 𝑐𝑚H
= 264.0 𝑐𝑚9
 What happens when we have two shapes together?

Let’s colour code the cross section for ease of explaining the area of it

Area of cross section = area of blue shaded rectangle plus area of green shaded rectangle = 7(4) + 5(2) = 38 𝑐𝑚9

Volume =area of cross section ×depth = 38 × 10 = 380 𝑐𝑚H

Area of cross section= area of entire pink rectangle − area of mini pink rectangle = 7(5) − 3(2) = 29 𝑐𝑚9

Volume =area of cross section ×depth = 29 × 9 = 261 𝑐𝑚H

G
Area of cross section = area of blue shaded semi-circle + area of green shaded rectangle = 𝜋(30)9 + 60(45) = 4113.7 𝑐𝑚9
9
Volume =area of cross section ×depth = 4113.7176 × 90 = 370,234.5 𝑐𝑚H

G
Area of cross section = area of blue shaded square + area of green shaded trapezium = 12(12) + 9 (12 + 22)(8) = 280𝑐𝑚9

Volume =area of cross section ×depth = 280 × 80 = 22,4000 𝑐𝑚H

Here we don’t care about the light blue base for the cylinder and need to take off the base of the cylinder when we find the
area of the top of the cube

Surface area =area of dark blue top of cube + light blue cylinder + 5 sides of pink box
= (8.79 − 𝜋(2.7)9 ) + (𝜋(2.7)9 + 2𝜋(2.7)(4.9) + 5(8.79 ) = 537 𝑐𝑚9
Note: You could have done this quicker by realising that all we need to do is add the full cube surface area and the curved
surface area of the cylinder. The missing base of the cylinder cancels out with the exposed top of the cylinder.
6(8.79 ) + 2𝜋(2.7)(4.9) = 537 𝑐𝑚9

i.
The surface area is the area of every side added together. Imagine every side laid flat and add up all their individual areas. The
green shaded region becomes a rectangle when laid flat. It general when we unfold a cylinder it looks like:

So here we have:

Surface Area = area of green shaded circle + area of blue shaded circle + area of pink shaded rectangle
= 𝜋(7.5)9 + 𝜋(7.5)9 + 2𝜋(7.5)(26) = 1578.7 𝑐𝑚9

Note: You also learn the formula 2𝜋𝑟 9 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ for the surface area of a cylinder which you could memorise
and have used straight away instead

ii.
Area of cross section = area of green shaded circle = 𝜋(7.5)9 = 176.715 𝑐𝑚9

Volume =area of cross section ×depth = 176.715 × 26 = 4594.6 𝑐𝑚H

Note: You also learn the formula 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ for the surface area of a cylinder which you could memorise
and have used straight away instead
The diagram shows a solid hemisphere of radius 5.

Find the total surface area and volume of the solid hemisphere.
Volume Surface Area

It would now be quite long to lay the sides flat and work out We can no longer use the formula that volume is cross
the area. section time depth since we no longer have a uniform cross
section here. It changes dependent on where we are inside
the cone. So, we memorise the formula for a sphere =
6
𝜋𝑟 H
H

Here we want a hemisphere though to we half the volume:

%
9 78 & 6 9
The circle at the base is easy and just 𝜋𝑟 , but the pink &
= I 𝜋𝑟 H = H 𝜋𝑟 H
9
curved part takes a bit longer to find. Instead, you’re
meant to memorise the formula for a sphere: 4𝜋𝑟 9 Here we have 𝑟 = 5

Here we want a hemisphere though to we half the area: 9

volume= H 𝜋(5)H = 261.8 𝑐𝑚H
678 $
= 2𝜋𝑟 9
9

The problem is that when we have the hemisphere we

expose the green circle

So, we need to add it back on. Surface area of a

hemisphere is 2𝜋𝑟 9 + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 3𝜋𝑟 9

Here we have 𝑟 = 5
Surface area = 3𝜋(5)9 =
235.6 𝑐𝑚9

Find the surface area and volume of the following

Volume Surface Area

Notice how we expose 2 semi circles that weren’t there
%
7(H)& G before
volume= & = 𝜋(3)H = 9𝜋 678 $ 78 $ 78 $
6 H
surface area= + + = 2𝜋𝑟 9
6 9 9
Find the volume of the frustrum

Since we are given the dimensions of both cones we can use the fact that it is volume of the bigger cone minus the volume of
G
the smaller cone, so all you need to know is the formula for the volume of a cone H 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ

Here it looks like we don’t have enough info as the radius of the cone is missing. We use similar shapes to get 𝑟. These shapes
are similar so
40 20
=
15 𝑟
40𝑟 = 300
𝑟 = 7.5
G G
Volume = H 𝜋(15)9 (40) − H 𝜋(7.5)9 (20) = 5890.2 𝑐𝑚H
What happens when we have two shapes together such as cones, spheres or cylinders?
Find the surface area and volume of the following shape:

Volume Surface Area

Volume of cylinder = 𝜋(3)9 (30)= 𝜋(9)(30) = 270𝜋

%
7(H)& 9 9
Surface area of hemisphere = 2𝜋(3)9 = 18𝜋
Volume of hemisphere= & = 𝜋(3)H = (27)𝜋 =
9 H H
18𝜋 Surface area of cylinder= 2𝜋(3)(30) + 𝜋(3)9 = 189𝜋
Note: it is not +2𝜋𝑟 9 since only the dark green circle is
= 288𝜋 exposed, not the light pink
= 207𝜋

Find the surface area and volume of the following shape:

Volume Surface Area

49 + 109 = 𝑙9
G G GIL
Volume of cone= H 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = H 𝜋(4)9 (10) = H
𝜋 𝑙 = √116

9
Volume of a hemisphere= 𝜋𝑟 H = 𝜋(4)H =
9 G9M
𝜋 Surface area of cone= 𝜋(4)√116 = 𝜋(4):√116; =
H H H
4√116𝜋
Total volume = 96𝜋
678 $ 67(6)$
Surface area of hemisphere= = = 32𝜋
9 9

Total surface area= 235.875

 When finding surface area remember that the circle of the cone is not exposed and neither is the circle of the
hemisphere

Total surface area= 𝜋𝑟𝑙 +2𝜋𝑟 - = 𝜋(7)√274 + 2𝜋(7)- = 671.9 𝑐𝑚-

. - . -
Total volume= / 𝜋𝑟 - ℎ + / 𝜋𝑟 / = / 𝜋(7)- (15) + / 𝜋(7)/ = 1488.1 𝑐𝑚/

Volume Surface Area

The volume is everything inside the shape. Let’s first find the height of the cone at the bottom using
Pythagoras

39 + 49 = 𝑥 9
𝑥 9 = √25 = 5

Volume of cylinder = 𝜋(3)9 (3.5) = 31.5𝜋

G
Volume of cone= 𝜋(3)9 (4) = 12𝜋
H
When finding surface area remember that we care about the
Total volume = 136.7 𝑐𝑚H areas of everything on the OUTSIDE. The white bottom circle of
the cylinder is not exposed and neither is white circle of the cone.
Surface area of cylinder= 2𝜋(3)(3.5) + 𝜋(3)9 = 30𝜋

Surface area of cone= 𝜋(3)(5) = 15𝜋

(note: it is not +𝜋𝑟 9 since the circle is not exposed)
Total surface area = 141.4 𝑚9
 Working backwards:
Sometimes we are given the volume/surface area of the of the shape. We can use this to work backwards and solve for 𝑟 (or
another unknown). Once we have 𝑟 we can find the volume of the hemisphere and then add the volume together to find the
total volume.

Shape S is one quarter of a solid sphere, centre O. The volume of S is 576 𝜋 𝑐𝑚H

Notice how we expose 2 semi circles that weren’t there before

678 $ 78 $ 78 $
surface area= + + = 2𝜋𝑟 9
6 9 9

%
78 & G
volume= & 6 = H 𝜋𝑟 H

The water is poured into a hollow cone.

The depth of the water is the cone is 12 cm.
Work out the radius of the surface of the water in the cone.

6
volume of sphere= 𝜋(6H ) = 288𝜋
H
9MM7
Volume of hemisphere= = 144𝜋
9

9 9MM
Volume of Water in hemisphere= N(144𝜋) = 𝜋
N

9MM
Volume of water in cone is also N
𝜋
G 9 (12) 9MM
H
𝜋𝑟 = N
𝜋
9 9MM
4𝑟 =
N
𝑟 9 = 14.4
𝑟 = 3.80
 HH
Surface area of cone= 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 𝜋
6

We know 𝑙 so lets fill this in and then use algebra to solve for 𝑟

33
𝜋𝑟(4) + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 𝜋
4
33
4𝜋𝑟 + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 𝜋
4
33
4𝑟 + 𝑟 9 =
4
33
4𝑟 + 𝑟 9 =
4
4𝑟 9 + 16𝑟 − 33 = 0
(2𝑟 + 11)(2𝑟 − 3) = 0
11 3
𝑟 ≠ − ,𝑟 =
2 2

Surface area of hemisphere = 2𝜋𝑟 9

Surface area of cylinder= 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 𝜋𝑟 9 (note: it is not 𝜋𝑟 9 since only the dark green circle is exposed, not the light pink)

We are given the surface area of the hemisphere and can work backwards to find 𝑟:
2𝜋𝑟 9 = 32𝜋
2𝑟 9 = 32
𝑟 9 = 16
𝑟=4
Total surface area= 2𝜋𝑟 9 + 2𝜋𝑟ℎ + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 32𝜋 + 2𝜋(4)(10) + 𝜋(4)9 = 32𝜋 + 80𝜋 + 16𝜋 = 128𝜋
The solid shape is made from a hemisphere and a cone.

The radius of the hemisphere is equal to the radius of the cone

The cone has a height of 10 cm
The volume of the cone is 270𝜋 𝑐𝑚H
Work out the total volume of the solid shape
Give your answer in terms of 𝜋

G G GL
Volume of cone= H 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = H 𝜋𝑟 9 (10) = 𝜋𝑟 9 . We now need to solve for 𝑟.
H
10 9
𝜋𝑟 = 270𝜋
3
10 9
𝑟 = 270
3
𝑟 9 = 81
𝑟=9
GL
Volume of a cone = 𝜋(9)9 = 270𝜋
H

9 9
Volume of a hemisphere= H 𝜋𝑟 H = H 𝜋(9)H = 486𝜋
Total volume = 270𝜋 + 486𝜋 = 756𝜋
 Algebraic Side Lengths:
The diagram below shows a cylinder and a sphere. The radius of the base of the cylinder is 2𝑥 cm and the height of the
cylinder is h cm. The radius of the sphere 3𝑥 cm. The volume of the cylinder is equal to the volume of the sphere.

Express ℎ in terms of 𝑥

Volume of cylinder = 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = 𝜋(2𝑥)9 (ℎ) = 𝜋(4𝑥)(ℎ) = 4𝜋ℎ𝑥 9

6 6 6
Volume of sphere= H 𝜋𝑟 H = H 𝜋(3𝑥)H = H 𝜋(27𝑥 H )
6
Volumes are equal ⟹ 4𝜋ℎ𝑥 9 = H 𝜋(27𝑥 H )
Cancel the 𝜋 on both sides
4
4ℎ𝑥 9 = (27𝑥 H )
3
4ℎ𝑥 9 = 36𝑥 H
4ℎ = 36𝑥
ℎ = 9𝑥

The diagram shows a solid metal cylinder

The cylinder has a base radius 3𝑥 𝑐𝑚 and height h cm

The metal cylinder is melted
All the meta is then used to make 270 spheres
G
Each sphere has a radius of 9 𝑥 cm
Find, an expression, in its simplest form, for h in terms of 𝑥

The diagram shows a solid metal cylinder.

The cylinder has a base radius 2𝑥 and a height 9𝑥

The cylinder is melted down and made into a sphere of radius
Find an expression for r in terms of 𝑥

Volume of cylinder= 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ
6
Volume of sphere= 𝜋𝑟 H
H

Volume of cylinder =volume of sphere

6
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = H 𝜋𝑟 H
Plug in dimensions given
6
𝜋(2𝑥)9 (9𝑥) = H 𝜋𝑟 H
6
𝜋(4𝑥 9 )(9𝑥) = 𝜋𝑟 H
H
6
(4𝑥 9 )(9𝑥) = 𝑟 H
H
6
36𝑥 H = 𝑟 H
H
108𝑥 H = 4𝑟 H
𝑟 H = 27𝑥 H
&
𝑟 = √27𝑥 H
𝑟 = 3𝑥
Two solid spheres, each of radius r cm, fit exactly inside a hollow cylinder

The radius of the cylinder is 𝑟 cm

The height of the cylinder is equal to 4𝑟 𝑐𝑚
G9N
The volume of the space inside the cylinder, not occupied by the spheres is I 𝜋 𝑐𝑚H
Calculate the value of 𝑟

Volume of cylinder= 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = 𝜋𝑟 9 (4𝑟) = 4𝜋𝑟 H

6 M
Volume of 2 spheres= 2 YH 𝜋𝑟 H Z = H 𝜋𝑟 H

M
Unoccupied space= 4𝜋𝑟 H − H 𝜋𝑟 H
M G9N
4𝜋𝑟 H − H 𝜋𝑟 H = 𝜋
I
M G9N
4𝑟 − 𝑟 H =
H
H I
G9N
12𝑟 H − 8𝑟 H = 9
H G9N
4𝑟 =
9
G9N
𝑟H = M
& G9N
𝑟=[
M
&
√G9N N
𝑟= & =9
√M

The radius of the hemisphere is r cm

The radius of the base of the cone is 3𝑟 cm
The height of the cone is 4𝑟 cm
The volume of the solid shape is 330𝜋 𝑐𝑚H
Find the value of r in the form &√𝑛, where 𝑛 is an integer

G
volume of cone = H 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ
9
volume of hemisphere = 𝜋𝑟 H
H
volume of cone + volume of hemisphere= Total volume
G 9
H
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ + H 𝜋𝑟 H = 330𝜋
Plug in the dimensions given in the question
G 9
𝜋(3𝑟)9 (4𝑟) + 𝜋(3𝑟)H = 330𝜋
H H
G 9
(3𝑟)9 (4𝑟) + (3𝑟)H = 330
H H
G 9
(9𝑟 9 )(4𝑟) + (27𝑟 H ) = 330
H H
(9𝑟 9 )(4𝑟) + 2(27𝑟 H ) = 990
36𝑟 H + 54𝑟 H = 990
90𝑟 H = 990
𝑟 H = 11
&
𝑟 = √11
The diameter of the base of the cone is 10𝑎 cm. The height of the cone is 12𝑎. cm.The total surface area of the cone is
810𝜋 𝑐𝑚9 . The volume of the cone is 𝑘𝜋 𝑐𝑚H , where 𝑘 is an integer. Find 𝑘

Surface area of a cone: 𝜋𝑟 9 + 𝜋𝑟𝑙

We need to use Pythagoras to find 𝑙 first:
(12𝑎)9 + (5𝑎)9 = 𝑙9
144𝑎9 + 25𝑎9 = 𝑙9
169𝑎9 = 𝑙9
𝑙9 = 169𝑎9
𝑙 = 13𝑎
Surface area: 𝜋(5𝑎)9 + 𝜋(5𝑎)(13𝑎) = 810𝜋
25𝑎9 𝜋 + 65𝑎9 𝜋 = 810𝜋
25𝑎9 + 65𝑎9 = 810
90𝑎9 = 810
𝑎9 = 9
𝑎=3

Now that we know 𝑎 we can easily find the volume. The radius is 5(3)=15 and the height is 12(3)=36

1 9 1
𝜋𝑟 ℎ = 𝜋(15)9 (36) = 2700𝜋
3 3
𝑘 = 2700

The diagram shows a solid cone and solid hemisphere

The cone has a base of radius 𝑥 cm and a height of h cm

The hemisphere has a base of radius 𝑥 cm
The surface area of the cone is equal to the surface area of the hemisphere
Find an expression for ℎ in terms of 𝑥

Surface area of cone = 𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 9

Surface area of hemisphere = 2𝜋𝑟 9 + 𝜋𝑟 9

Surface area of cone= Surface area of hemisphere

𝜋𝑟𝑙 + 𝜋𝑟 9 = 2𝜋𝑟 9 + 𝜋𝑟 9
Plug in the dimensions given in the question
We need to find 𝑙 first
𝑙 9 = 𝑥 9 + ℎ9
𝑙 = √𝑥 9 + ℎ9
We can plug in now
𝜋(𝑥)√𝑥 9 + ℎ9 + 𝜋(𝑥)9 = 2𝜋(𝑥)9 + 𝜋(𝑥)9
𝑥√𝑥 9 + ℎ9 + 𝑥 9 = 2𝑥 9 + 𝑥 9
𝑥√𝑥 9 + ℎ9 + 𝑥 9 = 3𝑥 9
𝑥√𝑥 9 + ℎ9 = 2𝑥 9
√𝑥 9 + ℎ9 = 2𝑥
𝑥 9 + ℎ9 = 4𝑥 9
ℎ9 = 3𝑥 9
ℎ = √3𝑥 9
ℎ = √3𝑥
Some plasticine is used to make a solid cylinder of base radius r cm and height h cm

The plasticine is then split in half and used to make two identical cones. Each cone has base radius 2𝑟 cm and height 𝐻
cm
Express 𝐻 in terms of ℎ.. Give your answer in its simplest form

Volume of cylinder = 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ
G
Volume of cone= H 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ

Volume of cylinder is 2 times the volume of the cone

G
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = 2 YH 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎZ
Plug in the dimensions given in the question
9
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = H 𝜋(2𝑟)9 (𝐻)
9
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = H 𝜋(4𝑟 9 )(𝐻)
9
𝑟 9 ℎ = H (4𝑟 9 )(𝐻)
M
𝑟 9 ℎ = H (𝑟 9 )(𝐻)
3𝑟 9 ℎ = 8𝑟 9 𝐻
8𝑟 9 𝐻 = 3𝑟 9 ℎ
H8 $ P
𝐻=
M8 $
H
𝐻 = Mℎ

The diagram shows a solid cone

The diameter of the base of the cone is 24𝑥 𝑐𝑚
The height of the cone is 16𝑥 𝑐𝑚
The curved surface area of the cone is 2106 𝜋 𝑐𝑚H
The volume of the cone is V𝜋 𝑐𝑚H , where V is an integer
Find the value of V

We need 𝑥 in order to find the volume. We need to find 𝑙 before we can find 𝑥.

We can find 𝑙 using Pythagroas

(12𝑥)9 + (16𝑥)9 = 𝑙9
144𝑥 9 + 256𝑥 9 = 𝑙9
400𝑥 9 = 𝑙9
𝑙 = 20𝑥

We can use the fact that we know the curved surface area to find 𝑥
curved surface area= 𝜋𝑟𝑙 = 2160𝜋
𝜋(12𝑥)(20𝑥) = 2160𝜋
240𝑥 9 = 2160
𝑥9 = 9
𝑥=3

Now we know 𝑥 we can find the volume of the cone

G G G
Volume of cone 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ = 𝜋(12𝑥)9 (16𝑥) = 𝜋(12 × 3)9 (16 × 3) = 20736𝜋
H H H
The diagram shows a solid cylinder and a solid sphere

The cylinder has radius 𝑟

The sphere has radius 𝑟
𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 UVWXYZ[ YW[Y \X Z]^_`a[W
Given that UVWXYZ[ YW[Y \X U\b[W[ = 2
cdefg dh ijeklmg8
Find the value of cdenfg dh opPg8g

𝐭𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 UVWXYZ[ YW[Y \X Z]^_`a[W 978Pr978 $

= =2
UVWXYZ[ YW[Y \X Uqb[W[ 678 $
2𝑟ℎ + 2𝑟 9
=2
4𝑟 9
2ℎ + 2𝑟
=2
4𝑟
2ℎ + 2𝑟 = 8𝑟
2ℎ = 6𝑟
ℎ = 3𝑟

cdefg dh ijeklmg8 78 $ P 78 $ (H8) H8 & H 6 H s

= % = % = % & = % =3÷H =3×6 =6
cdenfg dh opPg8g 78 & 78 & 8
& & & &

A solid is made by putting a hemisphere on top of a cone

The total height of the solid is 5𝑥

The radius of the base of the cone is 𝑥
The radius of the hemisphere is 𝑥

A cylinder has the same volume as the solid

The cylinder has radius 2𝑥 and height ℎ
All measurements are in centimetres
Find a formula for h in terms of 𝑥

G
Volume of cone = 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ
H
9
Volume of hemisphere= H 𝜋𝑟 H
Volume of cylinder = 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ

volume of cone+ volume of hemisphere = volume of a cylinder

G 9
H
𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ + H 𝜋𝑟 H = 𝜋𝑟 9 ℎ
Plug in the dimensions given in the question
G 9
H
𝜋𝑥 9 (4𝑥) + H 𝜋𝑥 H = 𝜋(2𝑥)9 ℎ
G 9
𝑥 9 (4𝑥) + H 𝑥 H = (2𝑥)9 ℎ
H
6 9
𝑥 9 (𝑥) + H 𝑥 H = 4𝑥 9 ℎ
H
4𝑥 9 (𝑥) + 2𝑥 H = 3(4𝑥 9 ℎ)
6𝑥 H = 12𝑥 9 ℎ
12𝑥 9 ℎ = 6𝑥 H
It &
ℎ = G9t $
t
ℎ=9