DOM Lab Manual Regulation 2017

ME 8511 Dynamics Laboratory
STELLA MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Aruthengavillai, Kallukatti Junction, Azhikal (PO), Kanyakumari District-629202
ME8511 - Kinematics and Dynamics Laboratory
Prepared by
Dr. M. SIVA PRAKASH
Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

(On December’2018 as per 2017 Regulations of Anna University, Chennai)
Authorized by
Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering.
1
LAB MANUAL
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
III Year/ V Semester
[Revised As Per Latest Syllabus of Anna University, Chennai – Regulation R2017]
Name : ____________________________
Roll No : ____________________________
Register No : ____________________________
Year & Branch: ____________________________
Semester : ____________________________
2
STELLA MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

(Approved By AICTE, New Delhi and Affiliated To Anna University Chennai)
Aruthenganvilai, Azhikal Post, Kanyakumari District-629 202
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
Department Vision:
To emerge as a premiere institution, acknowledged as a centre for excellence imparting

technical education, creating technocrats who can address the needs of the society through
exploration and experimentation and uplift mankind.
Department Mission:
To provide an education that transforms students, through rigorous course – work and by
providing an understanding of the needs of the society and the industry.
Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)
 PEO1: Graduates will be enabling with ongoing Learning and Professional development
through self study, continuing education in Mechanical Engineering.
 PEO2: Graduate will adopt Ethical Aptitude and exhibit effect skills in communication
management, team work and Leadership Qualities.
 PEO3: Pursue advanced education research and development and other creative,
innovative efforts in science, engineering/technology.
3
RUBRICS FOR ASSESSING LABORATORY
Sl. Criteria Marks Excellent (3) Good (2) Average (1) Poor (0)
No.
91% - 100% 71% - 90% 50% - 70% <50%
1 Observation 3 Gives clear idea Capability of Gives clear Gives indistinct

about the aim and both drawing & idea about the idea about the
having the operation much target and has target and has
capability of both easier but no less capability less capability of
drawing & proper of both both drawing &
operation much clarification drawing & operation & who
easier. (3) about the operation. (1) feel difficult to
objective. (2) follow the
objectives. (<1)
2 Assessment 3 Have executed the Executed the Executed the Incomplete

drawing in an drawing with drawing with drawing
efficient way & less difficulty & less efficiency execution & lack
make credible and has partial and has no of judgments
unbiased judgments judgments regarding the
judgments regarding the regarding plan plan and
regarding the plan and and production.(<1)
number of production. (2) production. (1)
operation.(3)
3 Submission 4 Followed all the Followed all the Followed some Trying to follow
instructions given instructions of the the instructions
in the procedure given in the instructions given in the
and submitted the procedure with given in the procedure & late
note books on some assisting. procedure & in submission of
time.(4) (3) late in note books. (<1)
submission of
note books. (2)
4
COURSE OBJECTIVE
 To supplement the principles learnt in kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery.

 To understand how certain measuring devices are used for dynamic testing.
COURSE OUTCOME
 Explain gear parameters, kinematics of mechanisms, gyroscopic effect and working of

lab equipments.
 Determine mass moment of inertia of mechanical element, governor effort and range
sensitivity, natural frequency and damping coefficient, tensional frequency, critical
speeds of shafts, balancing mass of rotating and reciprocating masses, and
transmissibility ratio.
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SYLLABUS
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. Cam follower setup.

2. Motorised gyroscope.
3. Governor apparatus - Watt, Porter, Proell and Hartnell governors.
4. Whirling of shaft apparatus..
5. Dynamic balancing machine.
6. Two rotor vibration setup.
7. Spring mass vibration system.
8. Torsional Vibration of single rotor system setup.
9. Gear Models
10. Kinematic Models to study various mechanisms.
11. Turn table apparatus.
12. Transverse vibration setup of
a) cantilever
Content beyond Syllabus
6
INDEX
Exp. Date Name of Experiment Marks obtained Total Sign

No. CO1 CO2 CO3 CO4 CO5
7
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
TABULATION:
Sl. No. Actual cam c δ = c + (2 *e) Theoretical

jump speed in mm in mm values of N
8
EXP. NO.:1 DATE:
CAM JUMP PHENOMENION
Aim:
To determine the speed at which cam jump occur for various spring loading
condition.
Apparatus Required:
1. Experimental setup
2. Spring
Formula:
Cam jump speed, N=¿

√(
60 1 K × δ
2π e m
+g )
Where, δ is compression length of spring = c + lift = c + (2 × e)
c is initial compression, in mm
e is eccentricity of cam in mm
Where g, = 9.81 N,
e = 0.006 m,
K = 0.505 N/mm
m = 0.292 Kg, are constant value.
Only δ is variable.
4
Gd
Stiffness of spring, K = 3 in Newton/mm
8D n
(Take G = 0.8 × 105 N/mm2)
(coil dia(d))= 1.5mm, D = 26 mm, number of coil n =18)
Procedure:
1. Measure the dimensions of the spring such as d, D, n, free length

(d and D in mm).
2. Calculate the stiffness of the spring.
3. Calculate critical speed for without spring.
4. Now start the motor without spring and find out the actual critical
speed and compare with theoretical value.
9
5. Then place spring and give initial compression to c = 0 mm. Find

actual critical speed and compare with theoretical value.
6. Do the above procedure for various initial compression to the

spring (c = no of revolution of bolt ´ pitch of bolt)
Result:
Thus the speed is determined by the cam jump occur.
10
Exp. No:2 Date:

STUDY OF CAM MODEL
Aim:
To draw the displacement diagram for various cam profiles and followers by
experimentally.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. Flat and roller followers
3. Cam profiles
DESCRIPTION OF EQUIPMENT:
This consists of a bevel gear box with 1:1 gear ratio. On horizontal shaft,
the cam is mounted. The follower will have vertical movement. The vertical
movement is traced on a paper placed on the drum, mounted on vertical
shaft. The obtained graph can be verified with diagram obtained by graphical
construction.
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE:
1. Take a tracing paper of size 40 Cm ! 15 Cm.
2. Use scale for x axis, as 1 Cm = 10o of rotation of Cam.
3. Take height of lift as 10 Cm.
4. Plot displacement diagram for given Cam profile.
5. Fix graph paper on drum.
6. Set 0o as starting point of lift.
7. Give gradual rotation to Cam and plot displacement diagram on
graph.
8. Compare solution obtained by graphical method
9. Do this for other cam profile and followers
RESULT:
The displacement diagrams are drawn for given followers and various
cams.
11
EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:
SPECIFICATION:
Motor speed range = 200 -1200 rpm

Power = 60 W
Load cell range = 20 kg
SPRING DETAILS:
Coil diameter 3 mm 2.6 mm
Outer diameter 20.5 mm 20 mm
Number of turns 4 4
Stiffness 37784 N/m 21686 N/m
12
Exp. No:3 Date:

VIBRATION TABLE
AIM:
To determine the natural frequency and critical speed of the given vibration
table
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. Spring
3. Power supply.
FORMULA:
force transmitted
Transmissibility ratio = force excited
Force excited = mω 2 e
Where m is mass of disk (0.5 kg)
e is eccentricity ( 2 mm)
ω = 2pN/60
Force transmitted = 0.125 × number of plinking LED
Theoretical Natural frequency of system (ω n= K ¿
Mass of motor and its base, M = 7.50 kg.
√ M
4
p Gd
Stiffness of spring, δ =K= 3
8D n
Where G -Rigidity modulus, ( 0.8 ´105 N / mm2 )
d - Coil diameter of spring ( 3 mm)
D - Mean diameter of spring (20 mm)
n - Number of turns ( 4 )
total no of turns - 1
p -force applied on the spring, in N
d - Deflection of spring in mm
60
Theoretical critical speed N n=ωn × 2 π , rpm
Actual natural frequency of system = 2πNcri/60.
Ncri- actual critical speed of system, which is measure from graph
13
Speed of no of LED Force Force excited Transmissibilit

motor transmitted y
ratio T
14
DESCRIPTION:
Rotating machines such as engine, blower, etc - will have unbalance about its axis
of rotation. It can be represented by a mass with eccentricity `e' rotating at angular
speed of `w' radians per sec. This will produce unbalance force of mw2e. If this is
directly mounted on floor, it will transmit this force to the ground, which is not
desirable. However, if a spring is placed between machine and floor, the force
transmitted to the ground will vary and is given by the following relation.
Mx + Kx = mω 2e sin ωt
Where, M is mass of body in kg

m is unbalance mass in kg
K is stiffness of spring in N/m
e is eccentricity in m
ω is angular velocity of machine in rad / sec
2
K mω e
x+ x= sin ω t
M M
K 2
[ M =ωn , where ωn is natural frequency of system]
Putting x = xo sinωt where xo is amplitude of vibration.
15
16
1. Take out motor with unbalance wheel, guide rod etc and weigh in a balance M
= 7.50kg.
2. Measure dimension of spring used for vibration isolation, d, D, n, free length
etc.
3. Calculate stiffness of spring. Calculate natural frequency. Ensure that this is
within 1200 rpm and Fix the spring on the table.
4. Set the value in bar graph is as zero. (switch off all led including zero indicator)
5. Then increase the speed of the motor and check the system in vibration mode or
not. If no vibration ( oscillation) on spring then adjust the counter weight added or
spring location.
6. Then now run the motor in 200 rpm. Now increase the speed of motor.
Simultaneously note the speed of motor for each increasing of blinking LED.
7. Find force excited.
8. Find force transmitted.
9. Find transmissibility ratio.
10. Plot transmissibility V0 speed
11. Determine Nc where transmissibility is maximum.
12. Calculate ωe and compare with natural frequency ωn.
13. After reaching all (8) LED, increase the speed for additional 200 rpm.
17
14. Then now reduce the motor, now also Simultaneously note the speed of motor
for each increasing of blinking LED Note values of force transmitted as a function
of speed (N).
15. Do the same experiment with different spring as a function of speed (N)
RESULT:
Thus the natural frequency and critical speed is determined by given vibration
table.
18
Tabulation:
FH in ----------- rpm FV FH----------- rpm FV

Mass Visual Visual
added No of load on movement No of load on movement
blinking horizontal blinking horizontal
LED LED
Consider a reciprocating mechanism as shown in figure
The acceleration of the reciprocating mass is approximately given by the expression,
ar = ω2 r (cos o + cos 2 ϴ )
n
where, ω = Angular speed of crank in rad/s
ω = 2h N/60
N = RPM of crank
r = Radius of the crank
Exp. No:4 Date:
19
Balancing of reciprocating mass
Aim:
Balancing the reciprocating mass in various speed.
Theoretical Aspects:
In a vertical slider crank mechanism, the unbalanced force is given by
2
mω r where m is the mass of reciprocating mass, r is the radius of crank and ω is
the angular velocity of crank. The unbalance will be in the direction of movement
(i.e.) along vertical direction. If a rotating mass of (β × m) is added at a radius `r’
opposite to crank pin then,
Vertical unbalance = (1 ± _) m_2r and
Horizontal unbalance = _m_2r
In other words, reciprocating masses cannot be balanced by rotating mass. By

adding rotating balancing masses, horizontal unbalance is converted into vertical
unbalance.
Description of equipment:
The equipment consists of horizontal slider crank mechanism
with crank rotating at 500 rpm. The Vertical unbalance force can be measured by
piezoelectric cell. Provision is made to add unbalancing rotating mass opposite to
direction of crank pin. Horizontal unbalanced force is measured by visually.
By adding different rotating masses the unbalanced force in vertical direction can
be measured.
Experimentation:
1. Place the equipment in stand ( load cell) and fix the M6 bolt
2. Now check the rotation is in free form.
3. Switch on the power supply.
4. Then switch off all LEDs in vibration measurement
a. Put minimum position at coarse and fine knobs
b. Then rotate the fine knob to middle position
c. Now rotate the coarse knob until the zero LED get changes it status
(blinking or switched off)
20
d. Now using fine knob switch off all LEDs

5. Now the vibration set up set as zero
6. Run the equipment without rotating balancing mass and measure the unbalance
in vertical direction.
7. If one LED is blinking then the unbalance force will be 0.125 kg
8. Add balancing mass at `r’ opposite to crank pin with _ = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 & 1.0
and measure unbalance in vertical direction.
9. Verify that the unbalance vertical force is increased when adding weights to
compensate the vertical balancing.
10. Also check vibration is increased in according to the speed.
Result:
Thus the changes in horizontal vibration are vise-versa to vertical vibration
when the reciprocating mass is under balancing.
21
TABULATON:
Length K Theoretical frequency Actual Actual Deviation

Lload speed natural
In mm N frequency
in rpm
22
Exp. No:5 Date:

TRANSVERSE VIBRATION
AIM:
To determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Experimental setup
Consider a cantilever beam with a cyclic load at end. M is mass of
the body at end. The amplitude of vibration will be maximum when forcing
frequency ω is nearer to natural frequency ωn.
This consists of a flat, fixed at one end on the flat, a variable speed
motor with each end is mounted. By varying speed of motor, the amplitude of
vibration can be observed.
FORMULA:
2π N
Actual natural frequency ωn,act= 60
ωn −ωn , act
Deviation = ωn
× 100 in%.
Keywords and notations:
Theoretical natural frequency, ωn, in cps
Actual natural frequency ωn,act, in cps
Young’s modulus of rigidity, E = 2 ´ 105 N/mm2
Area moment of inertia, I = 1/12 ´ B ´ D3 in mm4
Breadth, B in mm.
Thickness, T in mm.
Mean length of bar, L in mm.
Mass of bar (flat beam), m1 in kg
23
Mass of motor & its base, m2 in kg

Lload
Correction factor, K =
L
Length between pivot and Loading point, Lload.
1. Measure cross section of beam.
2. Weigh the mass on the beam.
3. Fix at known distance and vary the speed of motor.
4. Observe speed at which amplitude is maximum.
(Do not run at this speed for long time) (at natural frequency stage the
motor takes more power, so variation speed / variation of voltage is very low.)
5. Increase speed for this and ensure that amplitude is less at higher
speed.
6. Do this for various values of `L’ and compare with calculated value.
7. Calculate theoretical frequency ωn.
8. Find actual frequency of the system ωn,act= 2pN/60.
9. Compare theoretical with actual value.
RESULT:
Thus the natural frequency are determined by given transverse vibration
24
PICTORIAL REPRESENTATION:
Tabulation:
Length Weight Weight Deflection Stiffness Weight on frequency of the
Lload added in added in of beam y of the bar system ωn
in mm hanger 1 hanger 2 in mm bar (K)
25
Exp. No:6 Date:

FREE BEAM
AIM:
Natural frequency of beam by deflection method
DESCRIPTION:
The bench-mounted apparatus has a steel base with a fixed support at
one end and a moveable support at the other. The supports can be fitted with knife
edges or clamp plates. A steel beam and two load hangers are supplied together
with dial gauge for measuring beam deflections and slopes. This equipment is part
of a range designed to both demonstrate and experimentally confirm basic
engineering principles. Great care has been given to each item so as to provide
wide experimental scope without unduly complicating or compromising the
design. Each piece of apparatus is self-contained and compact. Setting up time is
minimal, and all measurements are made with the simplest possible
instrumentation, so that the student involvement is purely with the engineering
principles being taught.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Experimental setup
FORMULA:
Where,
Natural frequency, ωn= K
√ M
m = mass of the system = mass of bar+ hanger + weight added
P
K = stiffness of bar = y
P is load applied on the bar.
Y is deflection measured from the dial gauge.
1. Measure cross section of beam.
2. Weigh the mass on the beam.
3. Fix at known distance.
4. Fix the dial gauge in particular position.
26
5. Now place the hanger and find deflection of beam.
√
6. Find actual frequency of the system ω n= K
M
7. Do it for various weights and various positions of hangers.
RESULT:
Thus the natural frequency is determined by given free beam setup.
27
Tabulation:
Sl. weight Weight Distance Time Length Actual Theoretical deviation
No. of bar Added from taken for of Mass Mass
M in kg in bar centre to one Rope moment moment of
m in weight oscillation L in m of Inertia of
kg added T in sec Inertia the system
(K) in m of the
system
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
28
Exp. No:7 Date:

MOMENT OF INERTIA DETERMINATION
By Bifilar Suspension
AIM:
To determine the moment of inertia of an object by bifilar suspension.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
Experimental setup
OBJECTIVE:
The objectives of this experiment are:
(1) To introduce the experimental methods of determination of the
mass moment of inertia of a body.
(2) To identify the assumptions made in the theoretical
determination of inertia.
(3) To compare theoretical results with experimental results to
determine accuracy.
Formula used:
2 2
M . g.a .T
I= 2
4.π . L
Where M - mass
a - distance between centre to rope clamp
T - Time taken for one oscillation
L - Length of the rope.
THEORY:
A uniform rectangular bar is suspended by strong cord from the pin vices
of the sub frame. It is drilled at regular intervals along its length to accept two
pegged masses. By measuring the periodic time of torsional vibration for various
lengths of suspension, values for the radius of gyration of the bar assembly can be
found and compared with the theoretical value.
Mathematical Inertia Determination:

Mass moment of inertia, I, about an axis of rotation is theoretically
determined for a body using the equation
29
n
I =∫ r dM
2
The element of mass, dM, is located a distance of r from the axis of

rotation. The integration is performed over the entire mass of the body, M. If the
body can be approximated as an assemblage of a number, n, of relatively simple
bodies (or parts), the total of inertia of the body can be determined by summing the
inertia contributions of each part:
n
I =∑ I i (2)
i=1
n = total number of parts

Tables are available in most Dynamics textbooks which give the
mass moments of inertia of simple parts about their own centroidal axes, I. In order
to use this information with equation (2), the inertia of the parts must be found
about the body axis. This is done using the parallel axis theorem:
2
I i=r i + M i +d i (3)
In this equation: Ii is the inertia of part "i" about the body axis, Ii is the
inertia of part "i" about its own centroidal axis, Mi is the mass of part "i", and di is
the perpendicular distance from the part centroidal axis to the body rotation axis.
Combining equations (2) and (3) gives a method of determining the moment of
inertia of relatively simple bodies:
n
I =∑ ( I i + M i +d 2i ) (4)
i=1
n = total number of parts

EXPERIMENTAL INERTIA DETERMINATION:
A bifilar suspension system is shown in Figure 1 and consists of a
body suspended from two wires of length L which are separated by a distance of
2×a . The body is suspended with its center of mass at the center of the distance
between the two wires – therefore each wire supports half of the weight (i.e.
Mg/2).
Applying Newton’s law by summation moment about a vertical axis
going though the center of mass C, the resulting dynamic equation is
I . θ=−2 . a. F (5)
30
M.g
Noting that: F= sin ∅ (6)
2
Sin Ф≅ ∅ for small angles of Ф
sin θ ≅ θ for small angles of ϴ
Therefore x= L Ф a = a ϴ for small angles
The resulting equation of motion for small oscillations is
2
M . g.a
I . θ+ . θ=0
L
This ordinary second order differential equation has a frequency of oscillation of
ω=
√ M . g . a 2 /l
I
(11)
The time it takes to complete one complete oscillation, i.e. period of oscillation, T,
is determined from: ω T = 2.π radians (2p radians equals one cycle or oscillation)
T=
2. π
ω
=2 . π .
√L.I
M . g . a2
Solving equation (12) for the mass moment of inertia, I:
(12)
2 2
M . g.a .T
I= 2 (13)
4.π . L
This equation, (13), can be used to experimentally determine the mass moment of
inertia of the system. The dimensions (L and a) can be physically measured, (Mg)
can be determined by weighing, and the period (T) can be determined by timing a
number of oscillations with a stop watch.
PROCEDURE:
1. Theoretically determine the mass moment of inertia of:
(a) The bar itself
(b) The bar with one mass in the center
(c) The bar and 2 masses each ________ mm from the center
2. Experimentally determine the mass moment of inertia for the above
three systems.
31
RESULT:
Thus the value of Mass moment of Inertia of body with and without mass
are found out experimentally and compared with theoretically.
TABULATION:
L ( length of shaft NC (rpm) (calculated) NC (rpm) (observed)

between centre)
32
Exp. No:8 Date:
WHIRLING OF SHAFT
AIM:
To determine the critical(whirling) speed of the given rotor.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
This consists of a shaft y diameter`d' and central mass `m'. The shaft is
supported on two bearings and distance between bearings can be adjusted. The
shaft is driven by a variable speed motor with speed indicator. The whole
arrangement is mounted on a bed.
SPECIFICATION:
Shaft diameter = 8 mm
Maximum Shaft length(between centre) = 750 mm.
Rotor diameter = 110 mm
Rotor thickness =14 mm.
Rotor weight (m) = 1 kg.
FORMULA:
192 EI
q= 3
×1000 N /m
L
π 4 4
E=2×105N/mm2, I= d mm , L=825mm.
64
ω n=
√ q
m
60
N c =ωn ×
2π
EXPERIMENTATION:
1. Initially set the bearing block at last hole so that it will be maximum centre
distance between pedestals as mm.
2. Calculate lateral stiffness of shaft considering thus as both end fixed beam.
3. Calculate critical speed of shaft.
4. Run the shaft and gradually increase speed.
5. Note the critical speed by observing amplitude of rotor.
6. Increase the speed and ensure that amplitude decreases.
33
7. Do not run the shaft longer time at critical speed.

8. Do this for centre distance variance of 25 mm, 50 mm¼... (Pitch of the hole was
25 mm).
RESULT:
Thus the critical speed of given rotor is determined.
34
SCHEMATIC REPRESENTATION:
TABULATION:
Object name Time taken for one oscillation Mass moment of inertia
of
object about pivot point
Without object With object I2
Connecting rod
35
Exp. No:9 Date:

FLYWHEEL AND AXLE SYSTEM
AIM:
To determine the moment of inertia of unknown object by oscillation.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. Connecting rod.
FORMULA:
KEYWORDS AND NOTATION:
Mass moment of inertia of bar, I1, in kg.m2

Mass moment of inertia of object, I2, in kg.m2
Time taken for one oscillation without object,t1 in sec.
Time taken for one oscillation with,t2 in sec.
Distance between centroid and pivot point, L1, in m.
Mass of bar,m1 in kg. = 4.71 kg
Mass of object,m2 in kg.
DESCRIPTION:
If I1 is moment of inertia of a beam about its pivot and I 2 is moment of
inertia of unknown mass about its axis and m 2 is the mass of the object and l2 is
distance of centroid of m2 from pivot.(which coincide with centroid of beam).
SPECIFICATION:
Bar size: 50 ´10 ´1200 mm
Distance between hinge and centroid of bar: 550 mm.
36
This consists of a beam hinged at one end. Provision is made to

mount object of unknown moment of inertia. Electronic timer measures the period
of oscillation.
1. Determine period of oscillation without object, t1.
2. Calculate I1.
3. Fix object whose, CG consider with CG of beam.
4. Determine period of oscillation t2.
5. Calculate I2.
RESULT:
Thus the moment of inertia of unknown object can determine by
oscillation.
37
Tabulation:
Trials Time taken for one revolution Mass moment of

In seconds inertia of object
Disc Object
38
Exp. No:10 Date:

TURN TABLE
AIM:
To determine moment of inertia of unknown member by using the
torsional apparatus.
The principle of working of equipment is determination of moment of
inertia by torsional vibration. This consists of a solid steel disc 300 mm diameter
and 27 mm thick mounted on a 6.1 mm round rod 660 mm in length fixed at
bottom. A bearing is provided below the disc to avoid buckling of the rod.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. connecting rod
Specification:
Disk: diameter ± 300 mm: thickness ± 27 mm, mass 15 kg
I1 = 0.16875 kg. mm2
Formula used:
2
qt1
I 1= 2
4π
2
qt2
I 2= 2
−I 1
4π
Where, I1 is mass moment of inertia of Disc
I2 is mass moment of inertia of object ( flywheel, connecting rod)
t1 is time taken for one oscillation of disc
t2 is time taken for one oscillation of disc with object
q is torsional stiffness of the rod.
GJ
Torsional stiffness of rod,q= L
G - Modulus of rigidity
π 4
J- Polar moment of inertia = 32 d
Where d is wire diameter = 6.1 mm
L- length of the polish rod = 660 mm
39
The following are the procedure adapted in the determination of moment of inertia
of a member.
(1) Give angular twist to the disc and measure period (t1) for one
oscillation.
(2) Find out the mass moment of inertia of the disc using formula I1.
(3) Compare with theoretical value of the disc using the formula.
2
r
Mass moment of inertia of disc,¿ m
2
(4) Take an object Place it on centre of marking and find out time taken for
one oscillation (t2).
(5) Find out the mass moment of inertia of the disc and test object using
formula given I2.
Result:
Thus torsional oscillation equipment is tested and also mass moment of
inertia of unknown object is found out.
40
41
Exp. No:11 Date:
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44
45
46
Exp. No:12 Date:
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48
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50
51
52
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56
57
58
59
Exp. No:13 Date:

BALANCING ROTATING MASSES
AIM:
Vibration is the very important concept in modern engineering field. It is
applicable in almost all the area in engineering. It is vital in internal combustion
engine and load carrying equipments .i.e. In an internal combustion engine if the
engine are not balanced it may lead to the serious failures like uneven distribution
of power. Hence it is very important to know about vibration and how is to be sort
out. For that dynamic balancing machine is the optimum equipment to know about
vibration and its salvation.
Construction of the DYNAMIC BALANCING MACHINE:
In the construction of the dynamic balancing machine, the following
basic features o design should be considered. The apparatus basically consist of a
steel shaft mounted ii ball bearing in stiff rectangular mainframe. Sets of four equal
masses of slotted plates art mounted in the shaft and can be clamped in any
position of the shaft for linear displacement. Different weights of any range
according to calculation can be fix in the plate and it is designed to detach the
weight from the plates easily. The shaft is driven by a 230 volts single phase SO
cycles electric motor that is fixed over the one side of the rectangular mainframe.
While other side is compensated with weight. For the dynamic balancing the
rectangular frame is hanging over in the support frame b) two short links such that
the main frame and supporting fame in same plane. A circular protractor is fixed in
one side of the shaft, which used to find the exact longitudinal and angular position
of weight over the shaft.
How to use:
· The order of the basic operation involved with respect to dynamic balancing
machine as follows:
· Check all the plates moving freely over the shaft. Then fix the belt by connecting
the pulleys of shaft and motor.
· An unknown value of mass such as length, mass and angle is calculated using
force and couple polygon.
· Then weight should be fixed in the plates and its angles to be adjusted with help
of circular protractor and its length should be corrected with help of vernier
calipers.
· Now switch on the motor.
· By changing the speed of the motor. Check it out for vibration free running.
60
Tabulation:
S.NO PLANE MASS RADIUS Centrifugal Dist from Couple
(Kg) (Metre) Force, A, length (Kg*m*m)
(Kgm) (m)
1 A
2 B
3 C
4 D
61
Warning:
· Check out all the nuts, bolts and Alien keys are stiff to the mainframe, because it
cause uneven load to the shaft. Result excess vibration may cause
· Don’t remove the belt frequently it may not drive the shaft efficiently.
· Always keep the shaft clean; otherwise rust may form over the shaft and it
become difficult to position the plates.
· Before doing the experiment check out whether the weights are fixed properly.
Improper load will give excess vibration and noise.
FORMULAE REQUIRED:
Centrifugal force = mass * radius Couple = mass*radius*length
Mass in kilogram (kg) Radius in metre (m) Length in metre (1)
Result:
62
Tabulation For Single Rotor System:

Sl. Shaft Shaft I1 Time Taken for Theoretical Actual
No. diameter Length One oscillation Natural Natural
(t) in sec Frequency Frequency
ωn ωn
63
Exp. No:14 Date:

TWO ROTOR SYSTEM
AIM:
To determine the natural frequency of a two rotor system.
Description:
The equipment consists of two rotors joined by a shaft and
mounted on two bearings. Provision is made to measure period of oscillation and
also to locate node.
Theoretical aspects:
If ωn is natural frequency of system and if C is the nodal pont
AC=L1 and CB=L2
T GJ GJ
q 1= = =
θ l l1
GJ
q 2=
l2
ω n=
√ √
q1
I1
=
q2
I2
q1 q2
=
I1 I 2
GJ GJ
=
l1 I 1 l2 I 2
l 1 I 1=l 2 I 2
64
Tabulation for two rotor system:

Sl. Shaft Shaft I1 I2 Time Taken for Theoretical Actual
No. diameter Length One oscillation Natural Natural
(t) in sec Frequency Frequency
ωn ωn
65
66
67
68
69
Exp. No:15 Date:
MULTI DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEM WITH DAMPER
AIM:
To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping
factor, influence coefficient.
APPARATUS REQUIRED:
2. Electronic timer
3. Spring mass 3nos
FORMULA REQUIRED:
Notation:
Stiffness of spring, K
Rigidity modulus, G = 0.8×105 kg/mm2
Coil diameter, d
Mean diameter of coil, D = outer diameter-coil diameter
Number of turns, n
Natural frequency ωn
Mass attached, m in kg
Damping frequency, ωd
Time taken for one oscillation of mass, td
Damping factor, x
70
Tabulation:
S.No Weight added Time taken for ωd ε c

oscillation
71
Damping coefficient, c
DESCRIPTION:
This consists of two masses mounted on two springs as shown. Provision
is made to measure cycle turns of vibration by an electronic timer.
In multi degree of freedom is consider two identical masses with springs
of 3mm wire diameter 66mm coil diameter and number of turns respectively 15
and 20 turns.
Which gives m1 = m2 = m,
For vibration with two degrees of system, natural frequencies and amplitude ratios
can be verified experimentally.
Single degree freedom
1. Keep one spring & mass only
2. Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
3. Give 50 mm deflection to mass
72
73
RESULT:
Thus natural frequency of various springs and damping coefficient are found
out
74
Multiple choice Question (MCQ)

1. CAM JUMP PHENOMENION
1. Which motion of follower is best for high speed cams?

a. SHM follower motion
b. Uniform acceleration and retardation of follower motion
c. Cycloidal motion follower
d. All of the above
Ans : Cycloidal motion follower
2. Which of the following statements is false for SHM follower motion?
a. SHM can be used only for moderate speed purpose
b. The acceleration is zero at the beginning and the end of each stroke
c. The jerk is maximum at the mid of each stroke
d. Velocity of follower is maximum at the mid of each stroke
Ans : The acceleration is zero at the beginning and the end of each stroke
3. Which of the following conditions can be used to minimize undercutting in cam
and follower mechanism?
a. By using larger roller diameter
b. By using internal cams
c. By decreasing the size of the cam
d. All of the above
ANSWER: By using internal cams
4. Which of the following statements is/are true for cam profile?

a. Pitch point on the pitch curve has minimum pressure angle
b. In case of roller follower, trace point represents centre of the roller
c. Pitch circle is drawn through trace point from the center of cam
d. All of the above
ANSWER: In case of roller follower, trace point represents centre of the
roller
5. Which type of cam does not require any external force to have contact between
cam and follower?
75
a. Preloaded spring cam

b. Conjugate cam
c. Both a. and b.
d. None of the above
ANSWER: Conjugate cam
6. To avoid jump phenomenon, which of the following condition should be true?

Where,
P = preload in spring, ω = cam speed, k = stiffness of spring, e = eccentricity
a. ω > √ (me) / ( P + 2 ke)
b. ω > √( P + 2 ke) / (me)
c. ω < √( P + 2 ke) / (me)
d. ω < √ (me) / ( P + 2 ke)
ANSWER: ω < √( P + 2 ke) / (me)
7. What is meant by jump phenomenon in cam and follower system?
a. Follower looses contact with cam surface when cam rotates beyond
particular speed due to inertia forces.
b. Follower looses contact with cam surface when follower rotates beyond
particular speed due to gravitational force
c. Follower looses contact with cam surface when cam rotates beyond
particular speed due to gravitational forces
ANSWER: Follower looses contact with cam surface when cam rotates
beyond particular speed due to inertia forces
8. A cam operating roller follower has the following dimensions, radius of base
and nose circle as 15 mm and 10 mm respectively and distance between them is
8 mm. Determine lift made by the follower?
a. 5 mm
b. 12.5 mm
c. 3 mm
d. 17 mm
ANSWER: 3 mm
9. The angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the
pitch curve is called
a. base angle
76
b. pressure angle
c. prime angle
d. pitch angle
Answer: pressure angle
10.The cam follower extensively used in air-craft engines is
a. spherical faced follower
b. flat faced follower
c. roller follower
d. knife edge follower
Answer: roller follower
STUDY OF CAM MODEL
1. The size of a cam depends upon

a) base circle
b) pitch circle
c) prime circle
d) pitch curve
Answer: a
2. The angle between the direction of the follower motion and a normal to the
pitch curve is called
a) pitch angle
b) prime angle
c) base angle
d) pressure angle
Answer: d
3. A circle drawn with centre as the cam centre and radius equal to the distance
between the cam centre and the point on the pitch curve at which the pressure
angle is maximum, is called
a) base circle
b) pitch circle
c) prime circle
d) none of the mentioned
Answer: b
77
4. The cam follower generally used in automobile engines is

a) knife edge follower
b) flat faced follower
c) spherical faced follower
d) roller follower
Answer: c
5. The cam follower extensively used in air- craft engines is

a) knife edge follower
b) flat faced follower
c) spherical faced follower
d) roller follower
Answer: d
6. In a radial cam, the follower moves

a) in a direction perpendicular to the cam axis
b) in a direction parallel to the cam axis
c) in any direction irrespective of the cam axis
d) along the cam axis
Answer: a
7. A radial follower is one
a) that reciprocates in the guides
b) that oscillates
c) in which the follower translates along an axis passing through the cam
centre of rotation.
Answer: a
8. Ofset is provided to a cam follower mechanism to

a) minimise the side thrust
b) accelerate
c) avoid jerk
Answer: a
9. For low and moderate speed engines, the cam follower should move with
10. uniform velocity
11. simple harmonic motion
12. uniform acceleration and retardation
13. cycloidal motion
Answer: b
78
14. For high speed engines, the cam follower should move with
a) uniform velocity
b) simple harmonic motion
c) uniform acceleration and retardation
d) cycloidal motion
Answer: d
VIBRATION TABLE
1. In vibration isolation system, if ω/ω n, then the phase difference between the
transmitted force and the disturbing force is
a) 0°
b) 90°
c) 180°
d) 270°
Answer: c
2. The critical speed of a shaft with a disc supported in between is equal to the
natural frequency of the system in
a) transverse vibrations
b) torsional vibrations
c) longitudinal vibrations
Answer: a
3. In steady state forced vibrations, the amplitude of vibrations at

resonance is
damping coefficient.
a) equal to
b) directly proportional to
c) inversely proportional to
d) independent of
Answer: c
4. When there is a reduction in amplitude over every cycle of vibration, then the
body is said to have
a. free vibration
b. forced vibration
c. damped vibration
d. under damped vibration
79
Answer: c
5. Critical speed is expressed as
a) rotation of shaft in degrees
b) rotation of shaft in radians
c) rotation of shaft in minutes
d) natural frequency of the shaft
Answer: d
6. A vehicle suspension system consists of a spring and a damper. The stiffness
of the spring is 3.6 kN/m and the damping constant of the damper is 400 Ns/m. If
the mass is 50 kg, then the damping factor (d ) and damped natural frequency
(fn), respectively, are
a) 0.471 and 1.19 Hz
b) 0.471 and 7.48 Hz
c) 0.666 and 1.35 Hz
d) 0.666 and 8.50 Hz
Answer: a
7. For an under damped harmonic oscillator, resonance
a) occurs when excitation frequency is greater than undamped natural frequency
b) occurs when excitation frequency is less than undamped natural frequency
c) occurs when excitation frequency is equal to undamped natural frequency
d) never occurs
Answer: c
8. When a body is subjected to transverse vibrations, the stress induced in a

body will
be
a) shear stress
b) bending stress
c) tensile stress
d) compressive stress
Answer: b
a. free vibration
b. forced vibration
80
c. damped vibration
d. under damped vibration
Answer: c
10. Critical speed is expressed as
e) rotation of shaft in degrees
f) rotation of shaft in radians
g) rotation of shaft in minutes
h) natural frequency of the shaft
Answer: d
81
Balancing of reciprocating mass
1. . Which of the following statements are associated with complete dynamic

balancing of rotating systems?
1. Resultant couple due to all inertia forces is zero.
2. Support reactions due to forces are zero but not due to couples.
3. The system is automatically statically balanced.
4. Centre of masses of the system lies on the axis of rotation.
a) 1, 2, 3 and 4
b) 1, 2, and 3 only
c) 2, 3 and 4 only
d) 1, 3 and 4 only
Answer: d
2. Which of the following statements is correct about the balancing of a

mechanical system?
a) If it is under static balance, then there will be dynamic balance also
b) If it is under dynamic balance, then there will be static balance also
c) Both static as well as dynamic balance have to be achieved separately
d) None of the mentioned
Answer: c
3. In a locomotive, the ratio of the connecting rod length to the crank radius is
kept very large in order to
a) minimize the effect of primary forces
b) minimize the effect of secondary forces
c) have perfect balancing
d) start the locomotive conveniently
Answer: b
4. In case of partial balancing of locomotives, the maximum magnitude of the

unbalanced force perpendicular to the line of stroke is called hammer blow and
this has to be limited by proper choice of the balancing mass and its radial
position.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
82
5. Multi-cylinder engines are desirable because

a) only balancing problems are reduced
b) only flywheel size is reduced
c) both (a) and (b)
Answer: c
6. Secondary forces in reciprocating mass on engine frame are

a) of same frequency as of primary forces
b) twice the frequency as of primary forces
c) four times the frequency as of primary forces
Answer: b
7. Work produced by the 4-stroke engine is less because

a) One power stroke per 2 revolutions
b) One power stroke per revolution
c) One power stroke per 4 revolution
d) Four power stroke per revolution
Answer: a
8. Which of the following process is not the part of working of a 4 stroke I.C
Engine?
a) Compression
b) Suction
c) Exhaust
d) Turbine flow
Answer: d
9. While drawing the turning moment diagram, which of the forces in not taken
into account?
a) Inertia force
b) Force on connecting rod
c) Force on crank
d) Coriolis force
Answer: d
10. When the work is by on the gases, which of the following effect is observed on
the turning moment diagram?
83
a) Formation of negative loop

b) Formation of positive loop
c) Formation of an infinite loop
d) Formation of no loop
Answer: b
TRANSVERSE VIBRATION
1. Balancing of single rotating mass by balancing masses in same plane

and in different planes cannot take place.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
2. Which of the following is true for centrifugal force causing
unbalance?
a) Direction changes with rotation
b) Magnitude changes with rotation
c) Direction and magnitude both change with rotation
d) Direction and magnitude both remain unchanged with rotation
Answer: a
3. If the unbalanced system is not set right then.

a) Static forces develop
b) Dynamic forces develop
c) Tangential forces develop
d) Radial forces develop
Answer: a
4. What is not the effect of unbalanced forces?

a) Load on bearings
b) Dangerous vibrations
c) Stresses in various members
d) Violation of conservation of mass principle
Answer: d
5. What is the effect of a rotating mass of a shaft on a system?
84
a) Bend the shaft

b) Twist the shaft
c) Extend the shaft
d) Compress the shaft
Answer: a
6. Balancing of reciprocating masses is the process of providing the second
mass in order to counteract the effect of the centrifugal force of the first mass.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
7. In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as long as the
centre of the mass of the rotor lies
a) Below the axis of shaft
b) On the axis of the shaft
c) Above the axis of shaft
d) Away from the axis of shaft
Answer: b
8. Often an unbalance of forces is produced in rotary or reciprocating machinery
due to the
a. Centripetal forces
b. Centrifugal forces
c. Friction forces
d. Inertia forces
Answer: d
9. In a revolving rotor, the centrifugal force remains balanced as long as the

centre of the mass of the rotor lies
e) Below the axis of shaft
f) On the axis of the shaft
g) Above the axis of shaft
h) Away from the axis of shaft
Answer: b
10. In the given turning moment diagram, the process X is known as
85
a) Suction
b) Compression
c) Power
d) Exhaust
Answer: c
FREE BEAM
1. While calculating the natural frequency of a spring-mass system, the effect of

the mass of the spring is accounted for by adding X times its value to the mass,
where X is
a) 1/2
b) 1/3
c) 1/4
d) 3/4
Answer: b
2. The first critical speed of an automobile running on a sinusoidal road is

calculated by (modeling it as a single degree of freedom system)
a. Resonance
b. Approximation
c. Superposition
d. Rayleigh quotient
Answer: a
86
3. From the data given: Crank and connecting rod of a steam engine are 0.3 m and
1.5 m in length; The crank rotates at 150 r.p.m. clockwise. Determine the
acceleration in m/s2 of the piston for the same position(angle 40 degrees from
IDC).
a) 59.27
b) 55.25
c) 65.3
d) 50.41
Answer: a
4. Which of the following expression represent the angular acceleration α of the
connecting rod?
a) −ω2 . sin θ/n
b) −ω2 . cos θ.n
c) ω2. cos θ/n
d) ω2 . sin θ.n
Answer: a
5. From the data given: The length of the crank and connecting rod are 150 mm and
600 mm The crank position is 60° from inner dead centre. The crank shaft speed
is 400 r.p.m. Find the angular acceleration in rad/s2 of the connecting rod.
a) 421
b) 400
c) 379
d)388
Answer: c
6. In a slider crank mechanism, the length of the crank and connecting rod are 180
mm and 540 mm respectively. The crank position is 45° from inner dead centre.
The crank shaft speed is 450 r.p.m. (clockwise), calculate angular velocity of the
connecting rod in rad/s.
a) 10.3
b) 11.1
c) 12.2
d) 11.8
Answer: b
7. In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn, then the phase difference between the
transmitted force and the disturbing force is
a) 0°
b) 90°
87
c) 180°
d) 270°
Answer: c
body will be
a) shear stress
b) bending stress
c) tensile stress
d) compressive stress
Answer: b
9. The critical speed of a shaft with a disc supported in between is equal to the
natural frequency of the system in
a. transverse vibrations
b. torsional vibrations
c. longitudinal vibrations
d. none of the mentioned
Answer: a
10. In steady state forced vibrations, the amplitude of vibrations at resonance

is
damping coefficient.
a) equal to
b) directly proportional to
c) inversely proportional to
d) independent of
Answer: c
MOMENT OF INERTIA DETERMINATION
By Bifilar Suspension
a) free vibration
b) forced vibration
c) damped vibration
Answer: c
88
2. Longitudinal vibrations are said to occur when the particles of a body moves
a) perpendicular to its axis
b) parallel to its axis
c) in a circle about its axis
Answer: b
body will be
a) shear stress
b) tensile stress
c) compressive stress
Answer: b
4. The natural frequency (in Hz) of free longitudinal vibrations is equal to
a) 1/2π√s/m
b) 1/2π√g/δ
c) 0.4985/δ
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: d
5. The factor which affects the critical speed of a shaft is

a) diameter of the disc
b) span of the shaft
c) eccentricity
d) all of the mentioned
Answer: d
6. The equation of motion for a vibrating system with viscous damping is

d2x/dt2 + c/m X dx/dt + s/m X x = 0 If the roots of this equation are real, then the
system will be
a) over damped
b) under damped
c) critically damped
Answer: a
7. In under damped vibrating system, if x1 and x2 are the successive values of

the amplitude on the same side of the mean position, then the logarithmic
decrement is equal to
89
a) x1/x2
b) log (x1/x2)
c) loge (x1/x2)
d) log (x1.x2)
Answer: b
8. The ratio of the maximum displacement of the forced vibration to the

deflection due to the static force, is known as
a) damping factor
b) damping coefficient
c) logarithmic decrement
d) magnification factor
Answer: d
9. In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn is less than √2 , then for all values of the
damping factor, the transmissibility will be
a) less than unity
b) equal to unity
c) greater than unity
d) zero
where ω = Circular frequency of the system in rad/s, and
ωn = Natural circular frequency of vibration of the system in rad/s.
Answer: c
10. In vibration isolation system, if ω/ωn > 1, then the phase difference between
the transmitted force and the disturbing force is
a) 0°
b) 90°
c) 180°
d) 270°
Answer: c
WHIRLING OF SHAFT
1. Which of the following systems produce a vibration in the foundation?

a) Unbalanced machine
b) Balanced machine
90
c) Coupled machine
d) Uncoupled machine
Answer: a
2. When a periodic disturbing force is applied to a machine, the force is

transmitted to the foundation by the means of spring.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
3. Which of the following is correct regarding isolation factor?

a) Dimensionless quantity
b) Has Newton as its unit
c) Has joule as its Unit
d) Has Hz as its unit
Answer: a
4. Which of the following is a type of transmitted force to the foundation?

a) Damping force
b) Undamping force
c) Tensile force
d) Torsional force
Answer: a
5. If the damper is not provided and the system is in resonance, which of the
following is the correct isolation factor?
a) 0
b) 1/2
c) 1/4
d) Infinity
Answer: d
6. If isolation factor is negative, then what is the phase difference between

transmitted and disturbing force?
a) 180°
b) 90°
c) 450°
d) 360°
91
Answer: a
7. Which of the following is true regarding Ɛ>1?

a) Transmitted force is greater than applied force
b) Transmitted force is less than applied force
c) Spring force is less than applied force
d) Damping force is less than applied force
Answer: a
8. Isolation factor is twice the transmissibility ratio.

a) True
b) False
Answer: b
9. In case of partial balancing of locomotives, the maximum magnitude of the

unbalanced force perpendicular to the line of stroke is called hammer blow and
this has to be limited by proper choice of the balancing mass and its radial
position.
a) True
b)False
Answer: a
10. Multi-cylinder engines are desirable because

e) only balancing problems are reduced
f) only flywheel size is reduced
g) both (a) and (b)
h) none of the mentioned
Answer: c
92
FLYWHEEL AND AXLE SYSTEM
1. Is use of a flywheel recommended when a large motor is required only for a

small instant of time?
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
2. Flywheels are used in punching and shear operation.
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
3. Which of the following are functions of flywheel?
a) Store and release energy during work cycle
b) Reduce power capacity of the electric motor
c) Reduce amplitude of speed fluctuations
d) All of the listed
Answer : d
4. When comes down to stress reduction, which one is preferred?
a) Solid flywheel
b) Split flywheel
c) Both have equal stresses
d) Cannot be determined
Answer : b
5. Flywheel and governor can be interchanged.
a) True
b) False
Answer : b
6. If load on the engine is constant, the mean speed will be constant and ___ will
not operate.
a) Flywheel
b) Governor
c) Both flywheel and governor
Answer : b
7. The operation of flywheel is continuous.
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
8. Which of the following doesn’t waste energy?
93
a) Flywheel
b) Governor
c) Both flywheel and governor
d) Neither flywheel nor governor
Answer : a
9. Which of the following is not true for cast iron flywheels?
a) Excellent damping
b) Cheap
c) Given complex shape
d) Sudden failure
Answer : d
10. When the driving torque is more than load torque, flywheel is ______
a) Accelerated
b) Decelerated
c) Constant velocity
d) Can’t be determined
Answer : a
TURN TABLE
In which type of vibrations, amplitude of vibration goes on decreasing every cycle?
a. Damped vibrations
b. Undamped vibrations
c. Both a. and b.
Answer : a
2) During transverse vibrations, shaft is subjected to which type of stresses?
a. Tensile stresses
b. Torsional shear stress
c. Bending stresses
d. All of the above
Answer c
3) Calculate equivalent stiffness of the spring for the system shown below, which has
94
spring stiffness of 3000 N/m
a. 1000 N/m
b. 2250 N/m
c. 2000 N/m
Answer 2250 N/m
4) Two springs have spring stiffness of 1500 N/m and 2000 N/m respectively. If they
are connected in series, what is the spring stiffness if they are replaced by an
equivalent system.3500 N/m
a. 3500 N/m
b. 1166 N/m
c. 857.63 N/m
Answer 857.63 N/m
5) Which type of vibrations are also known as transient vibrations?
a. Undamped vibrations
b. Damped vibrations
c. Torsional vibrations
95
d. Transverse vibrations
Answer b
6) Which of the following relations is true when springs are connected parallelly?
where K = spring stiffness
a. Ke = K1 + K2
b. (1 / Ke) = (1/K1) + (1/ K2)
c. Ke = (1/K1) + (1/ K2)
Answer a
7) What are deterministic vibrations?
a. Vibrations caused due to known exciting force

b. Vibrations caused due to unknown exciting force
c. Vibrations which are aperiodic in nature
Answer a
8) Which of the following vibrations are classified according to magnitude of
actuating force?
a. Torsional vibrations
b. Deterministic vibrations
c. Transverse vibrations
d. All of the above
Answer b
9) What are discrete parameter systems?
a. Systems which have infinite number of degree of freedom

b. Systems which have finite number of degree of freedom
c. Systems which have no degree of freedom
Answer b
10) Which among the following is the fundamental equation of S.H.M.?
96
a. x + (k / m) x =0
b. x + ω2x =0
c. x + (k/ m)2 x =0
d. x2 + ωx2 =0
Answer b
MOTORIZED GYROSCOPE
1. The axis of precession is ____________ to the plane in which the axis of spin is
going to rotate.
a) parallel
b) perpendicular
c) spiral
Answer : b
2. A disc is a spinning with an angular velocity ω rad/s about the axis of spin. The
couple applied to the disc causing precession will be
a) 1/2 Iω2
b) Iω2
c) 1/2 Iωωp
d) Iωωp
Answer : d
3. The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the
tail end and the aeroplane takes a turn to the left. The effect of gyroscopic couple
on the aeroplane will be
a) to dip the nose and tail
b) to raise the nose and tail
c) to raise the nose and dip of the tail
d) to dip the nose and raise the tail
Answer : c
4. The engine of an aeroplane rotates in clockwise direction when seen from the
tail end and the aeroplane takes a turn to the right. The effect of gyroscopic couple
on the aeroplane will be to dip the nose and raise the tail.
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
Astra is the VALORANT Agent that will change the competitive meta in the #VC
5. The steering of a ship means
97
a) movement of a complete ship up and down in vertical plane about transverse

axis
b) turning of a complete ship in a curve towards right or left, while it moves
forward
c) rolling of a complete ship side-ways
Answer : b
6. The rolling of a complete ship side-ways is known as pitching of a ship.
a) True
b) False
Answer : b
7. The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and
the ship takes a left turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be
a) to raise the bow and stern
b) to lower the bow and stern
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern
d) to raise the stern and lower the bow
Answer : c
8. The rotor of a ship rotates in clockwise direction when viewed from stern and
the ship takes a right turn. The effect of gyroscopic couple acting on it will be to
raise the stern and lower the bow.
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
9. The pitching of a ship is assumed to take place with simple harmonic motion.
a) True
b) False
Answer : a
10. When the pitching of a ship is upward, the effect of gyroscopic couple acting
on it will be
a) to move the ship towards star-board

b) to move the ship towards port side
c) to raise the bow and lower the stern
d) to raise the stern and lower the bow
Answer : a
Universal Governor Apparatus- Watts, Porter, Proell, and Hartnell Governors
98
1. The height of a Watt’s governor is equal to a) 8.95/N2

b) 89.5/N2
c) 895/N2
d) 8950/N2
Answer: c
2. The height of a Watt’s governor is

a) directly proportional to speed
b) directly proportional to (speed)
c) inversely proportional to speed
d) inversely proportional to (speed)
Answer: d
3. A Watt’s governor can work satisfactorily at speeds from

a) 60 to 80 r.p.m
b) 80 to 100 r.p.m
c) 100 to 200 r.p.m
d) 200 to 300 r.p.m
Answer: a
4. The ratio of height of Porter governor to the height of Watt’s governor is
a) m/m + M
b) M/ m + M
c) m + M/m
d) m + M/M
Answer: c
5. When the sleeve of a porter governor moves upwards, the governor speed
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unaffected
d) first increases and then decreases
Answer: a
6. When the sleeve of a Porter governor moves downwards, the governor speed
a) increases
b) decreases
c) remains unaffected
d) first increases and then decreases
Answer: b
7. In a Porter governor, the balls are attached to the extension of lower links.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
99
8. A Hartnell governor is a
a) dead weight governor
b) pendulum type governor
c) spring loaded governor
d) inertia governor
Answer: c
9. A Watt’s governor is a spring loaded governor.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
10. Which of the following is a pendulum type governor?

a) Watt’s governor
b) Porter governor
c) Hartnell governor
Answer: a
Balancing Rotating masses
100

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ME 8511 Dynamics Laboratory

STELLA MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ME8511 - Kinematics and Dynamics Laboratory

Dr. M. SIVA PRAKASH

Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

Head, Department of Mechanical Engineering.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

III Year/ V Semester

ME8511 - Kinematics and Dynamics Laboratory

[Revised As Per Latest Syllabus of Anna University, Chennai – Regulation R2017]

Year & Branch: ____________________________

STELLA MARY’S COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

To emerge as a premiere institution, acknowledged as a centre for excellence imparting

Program Educational Objectives (PEOs)

RUBRICS FOR ASSESSING LABORATORY

1 Observation 3 Gives clear idea Capability of Gives clear Gives indistinct

2 Assessment 3 Have executed the Executed the Executed the Incomplete

ME8511 - Kinematics and Dynamics Laboratory

 To supplement the principles learnt in kinematics and Dynamics of Machinery.

 Explain gear parameters, kinematics of mechanisms, gyroscopic effect and working of

1. Cam follower setup.

Content beyond Syllabus

Exp. Date Name of Experiment Marks obtained Total Sign

Sl. No. Actual cam c δ = c + (2 *e) Theoretical

EXP. NO.:1 DATE:

CAM JUMP PHENOMENION

Cam jump speed, N=¿

1. Measure the dimensions of the spring such as d, D, n, free length

5. Then place spring and give initial compression to c = 0 mm. Find

6. Do the above procedure for various initial compression to the

Thus the speed is determined by the cam jump occur.

Exp. No:2 Date:

EXPERIMENTAL SET UP:

Motor speed range = 200 -1200 rpm

Exp. No:3 Date:

Speed of no of LED Force Force excited Transmissibilit

Where, M is mass of body in kg

FH in ----------- rpm FV FH----------- rpm FV

Consider a reciprocating mechanism as shown in figure

The acceleration of the reciprocating mass is approximately given by the expression,

Exp. No:4 Date:

Balancing of reciprocating mass

In other words, reciprocating masses cannot be balanced by rotating mass. By

d. Now using fine knob switch off all LEDs

Length K Theoretical frequency Actual Actual Deviation

Exp. No:5 Date:

Mass of motor & its base, m2 in kg

Exp. No:6 Date:

5. Now place the hanger and find deflection of beam.

Exp. No:7 Date:

Mathematical Inertia Determination:

The element of mass, dM, is located a distance of r from the axis of

n = total number of parts

n = total number of parts

L ( length of shaft NC (rpm) (calculated) NC (rpm) (observed)

Exp. No:8 Date:

7. Do not run the shaft longer time at critical speed.

Exp. No:9 Date:

KEYWORDS AND NOTATION: