A MINOR PROJECT REPORT ON

“COMPUTER AIDED BEAM ANALYSIS”

SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS
FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE

BACHELOR OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

SUBMITTED TO
PILLAI COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING UNIVERSITYOF MUMBAI
SUBMITTED BY

Sr.
Name of student Enrollment No.
No.
1 Raj Prasanna Gaikwad MEB307
2 Parth Yogesh Jantikar MEB309
3 Amol Subhash Mahato MEB310
4 Payal Raghunath Gharat MEB313

GUIDED BY.
Prof. Durga Rao

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 CERTIFICATE
THIS IS TO CERTIFY THAT PROJECT REPORT
ENTITLE

“COMPUTER AIDED BEAM ANALYSIS”

SUBMITTED BY

MR. RAJ PRASANNA GAIKWAD

MR. PARTH YOGESH JANTIKAR
MR. AMOL SUBHASH MAHATO
MS. PAYAL RAGHUNATH GHARAT

SECOND YEAR DEGREE IN MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

This is to certify that the project entitled “Computer Aided Beam

Analysis” and submitted to the Pillai College of Engineering in
partial fulfillment of the Project requirement for the “Sem III” of
“Mechanical Engineering”.

Prof. Durga Rao Internal Examiner External

Examiner
(GUIDE)

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 DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the synopsis report entitled

“COMPUTER AIDED BEAM ANALYSIS”

We declare that this written project report is completely made by us in our
words and where other ideas or words have been included; we have adequately cited
and referenced original sources. We also declare that we have adhered to all
academic honesty and integrity. We have not included and misrepresent or falsified
idea/fact/data/sources in our submission of project report. We understand that any
violation of the above will cause for disciplinary action by the institute and can also
evoke penal action form the sources which have thus not been properly cited and
verified or from whom proper permission has not been properly cited and verified or
from whom proper permission has not been taken.

ROLL NO NAME OF STUDENT

MEB307 RAJ PRASANNA GAIKWAD

MEB309 PARTH YOGESH JANTIKAR

MEB310 AMOL SUBHASH MAHATO

MEB313 PAYAL RAGHUNATH GHARAT

ABSTARCT

Computer-aided beam analysis plays a crucial role in modern

engineering and construction practices. This computational
approach leverages advanced software and algorithms to analyze
the behaviour of beams subjected to various loads and constraints.
The primary objective is to assess a beam's structural integrity,

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 performance, and safety while optimizing its design. This abstract
explores the fundamental principles, methods, and benefits of
computer-aided beam analysis. It highlights the significance of
accurate simulations, efficient algorithms, and visualization tools in
aiding engineers and architects in designing robust and cost-
effective structures. Additionally, the abstract discusses the
potential future advancements in this field, such as integration with
artificial intelligence and machine learning, which could further
enhance the precision and efficiency of beam analysis in
construction and civil engineering projects. It is with profoundly
sense of gratitude that we acknowledge from our guide Prof.
Durga Rao he has been guide in the true sense of word, a guide
who satisfaction from our word & progress.

CONTENT

Sr. No. Title Page. No.

1 Certificate 3

2 Abstract 5

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 3 Content 6

4 Chapter 1 7

5 Chapter 2 11

6 Chapter 3 14

CHAPTER 1

 Introduction
The computer-aided analysis and design system utilizes
interactive menu-driven graphics for definition of the
structural geometry and properties, characterization of
connection behaviour, control of the analysis and design
process, and display of structural response.

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 Object Oriented Program

An Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) procedure is

presented for solving structural mechanics 'beam' problems
by using the deflection, bending moment and shear force
equations. The program is developed for a single span and
for cantilever and simply supported beam. A beam is
divided into one hundred segments, i.e., one hundred and
one nodes and deflection, bending moment and shear force
are calculated on each node for applied loads and
moments.

 Methodology

Computer Aided Beam Deflection Analysis (CABDA) is a

computational tool developed on Matlab® and can be run
on the Windows® operating platform. It is a robust tool for
analyzing the deflection and bending stress of beam
structures at any section along the horizontal axis on
the surface of the beam. For any loading scenario
considered, it determines the deflection at any section
along the beam, the resulting maximum deflection,
maximum bending stress and locations.

 Beams
What is a beam?
A beam is a horizontally structural member subjected
generally to vertical loads i. e. concentrated load, uniformly
distributed load, concentrated moment and uniformly
varying load.
A beam is a structural element that is capable of
withstanding load primarily by resisting against bending.

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 The bending force induced into the material of the beam as
a result of the external loads, own weight, span and
external reactions to these loads is called a bending
moment. Beams are characterized by their profile (shape of
cross-section), their length, and their material. Traditionally,
beams apply to the description of building or civil
engineering structural elements, but smaller structures such
as truck or automobile frames, machine frames, and other
mechanical or structural systems contain beam structures
that are designed and analyzed in a similar fashion. In
engineering, deflection is the degree to which a structural
element is displaced under a load. It may refer to an angle
or a distance.
The knowledge of the deflection of beams is very
important as it serves as a critical factor in the selection of
materials for various loading applications amongst other
factors. In the analysis of beams, it is important to note that
internally, beams experience compressive, tensile and
shear stresses as a result of the loads applied to them with
the top of the beam experiencing compression, while the
bottom of the beam is under tension.

 The following types of beams are used in actual practice

1) Simply supported beam
2) Cantilever beam
3) Overhanging beam
4) Continuous beam
5) Fixed beam

 Simply supported beam

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  A simply supported beam is a type of beam
supported at both ends, usually with one end on a
hinge or pin connection that allows rotation, and the
other on a roller support that permits vertical
translation but resists horizontal movement.
 It is generally considered as the simplest type of
beam configuration, commonly found in various
engineering applications, such as bridges, buildings,
and mechanical systems.
 The diagram below illustrates this arrangement:

Shear Force:
Shearing forces are unaligned forces pushing one
part of a body in one specific direction, and the another part
of body in the opposite direction. When the forces are
aligned into each other, they are called compression forces.
ex- a deck of cards being pushed one way on the top, and
the other at the bottom, causing the cards to slide. Another
example is when wind blows at the side of a peaked roof of
a home – the side walls experience a force at their top

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pushing in the direction of the wind, and their bottom in the
opposite direction, from the ground or foundation. William
A. Nash defines shear force in terms of planes: “If a plane
is passed through a body, a force acting along this plane is
called a shear force or shearing force.”

Shearing forces push in one direction at the top, and

the opposite direction at the bottom, causing shearing
deformation.

BENDING MOMENT:
A Bending Moment is the reaction induced in a
structural element when an external force or moment is
applied to the element causing the element to bend. The
most common or simplest structural element subjected to
bending moments is the beam. The example shows a beam
which is simply supported at both ends.
M=rxF

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 Moment can be calculated by multiplying force to distance
up to which extent of force is applied.

 Steps to calculate and Plotting SFD and BMD -

Simply Supported Beam

 Write a shear and moment equation for simply supported

beam span 8m and carries a central point load 100 KN.
Draw SFD and BMD.

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 Using three equilibrium condition:
∑Fx = 0
∑Fy = 0
∑M = 0

Summing the forces, we have

∑Fy = 0
RA – 100 + RB = 0

RA + RB = 100

 Sign Convention:

∑MA = 0

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 RA x 0 = 100 x 4 + RB x 8
8 RB = 400

RB = 50 KN
Put, RB = 50 KN IN Equation (1) …..
RA + RB = 100
RA + 50 = 100

RA = 50 KN

S.F Calculate:
SFA = RA = 50KN
SFC = 50 – 100 = - 50KN
SFB = - 50 + 50 = 0
B.M Calculate:
∑MA and ∑MB = 0
∑MC = 50 x 4 = 200 KN.m

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How does a window unit work?

A window AC unit uses the same principles as any other

type of air conditioning system. It uses refrigeration
properties to remove heat and humidity from a room while
cooling air to circulate into the room. The basic
components include a thermostat, a fan or blower, tubing
filled with refrigerant, a compressor, an evaporator coil and
a condenser coil.

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As the temperature in the room rises, it triggers the
thermostat in the AC unit, which turns on the blower. Room
air is pulled into the unit and moves over the cold
refrigerant coils. The air is cooled as it passes over the cold
coils and is pushed out into the room, cooling it and
bringing down the temperature.

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