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Medical Terminology

Medical terminology uses prefixes, root words, and suffixes to form terms related to anatomy and physiology. Understanding these components helps relate terms to body structures and functions. Some common root words refer to organs like cardio for heart, gastro for stomach, and neuro for nerve. Prefixes like peri, meaning around, and suffixes like itis, meaning inflammation, provide additional meaning when combined with roots. For example, pericarditis means inflammation around the heart. Mastering terms and their meanings is important for understanding medicine.

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Dr Shreshta Reddy K
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124 views4 pages

Medical Terminology

Medical terminology uses prefixes, root words, and suffixes to form terms related to anatomy and physiology. Understanding these components helps relate terms to body structures and functions. Some common root words refer to organs like cardio for heart, gastro for stomach, and neuro for nerve. Prefixes like peri, meaning around, and suffixes like itis, meaning inflammation, provide additional meaning when combined with roots. For example, pericarditis means inflammation around the heart. Mastering terms and their meanings is important for understanding medicine.

Uploaded by

Dr Shreshta Reddy K
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Medical Terminology

There are three objectives to keep in mind as you study medical terminology:
1. Analyse words by dividing them into component parts.
2. Relate the medical terms to the structure and function of the human body.
3. Be aware of spelling and pronunciation problems.
Medical Terms are made of Prefix + Root Words + Connecting Vowel + Suffix
For example: Peri + card + itis = Pericarditis
Prefix: Peri – meaning around,
Root Word: Card – meaning heart,
Suffix: itis – meaning inflammation.
Pericarditis means inflammation in the area around heart

See below various Organ Name Root Word Organ Name


Root words: Root
Word
Abdomino Abdomen Histo/Histio Tissue
Adreno Adrenal Gland Hystero/metro Uterus
Adipo Fat/Fatty Tissue Laryngo Larynx
Arterio Artery Lympho Lymph
Arthro Articulo Myo Muscle
Brachio Arm Masto/mammo Breast
Bronch Bronchus Musculo Muscle
Carcino Cancer Naso Nose
Cardio Heart Neuro Nerve
Cephalo Head Nephro/rene Kidney
Cerebello Cerebellum Oculo/Ophthalmo Eye
Cerebro Cerebrum Onco Tumor/Mass
Colo Colon/Large Intestine Oophoro Ovary
Cranio Skull Orchido Testis
Cyto Cell Osteo Bone
Cysto Bladder Oto Ear
Dento Teeth Phlebo/veno Veins
Dermo/Dermato Skin Pneumo/pulmo Lungs
Duodeno Duodenum Procto Anus/ Rectum
Encephalo Brain Rhino nose
Entero Intestine/ Small Salpingo uterine tubes
Intestines
Gastro Stomach Stomato mouth
Gingivo Gums Thoraco Chest/Thorax
Glosso/linguo Tongue Thyro Thyroid Gland
Hemo/emia Blood Viscero Internal Organs
Hepato Liver
.
Common Prefixes:

PREFIXES DEFINITION
a-, an- no, not, without, away
aut- self
brady- slow
dia- apart, through
end-, endo- within, inside
exo- outside of, without
epi- above
hyper- excessive
hypo- insufficient
inter- between
intra- middle
media- medium
medial- situated or pertaining to the middle
medi- middle
medio- within
normo- normal
per- through
peri- around
physio-, physi- related to nature or physiology
poly- many
pro- before, for, in front of, from, in
behalf of, on account of
re- back, again
retro- behind, back, backward
sub- under, below, beneath, in small
quantity, less than normal
syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- union or association
tachy- fast
trans- across, through, beyond, over
ultra- excess
Common Sufixes:

SUFFIXES DEFINITION
-ac. -al, -ar, -ary Pertaining to
-ic Pertaining to, characteristics
-ose, -ous Pertaining to
-tic Pertaining to
-centesis surgical puncture as to aspirate or remove
fluid
-cision process of cutting
-ectomy excision (surgical removal or cutting out)
-graphy the process of recording
-ia condition
-ism condition process, theory of, principle, method
-itis inflammation
-lysis process of loosening, freeing, or destroying
-opsy to view
-osis condition, status process
-otomy cutting into
-ostomy formation of an opening
-plasty surgical repair
-pathy disease
-sclerosis hardening
-scope instrument for viewing
-scopy visual examination with a lighted instrument
-sis state of, condition
-stasis to stand, place, stop, control
-stenosis narrowing
-tension pressure
-therapy treatment
-thoracic chest
-ule small
-ologist one who studies
-ology study of
-gram a drawing or a written record
-graph product of a drawing, writing or recording

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